.!This document and software is in the public domain and may be distributed .!provided IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY, Dept of Biomedical Eng, and its author are .!credited for its development. -- Mark M Mehl (April 1987) .! .!Generally speaking, RUNOFF formatting control commands should only be placed .!in the user's control file, not in text files; otherwise, different control .!commands in different text files will interfere with each other when they .!are concatenated into the final document. The control file for this text .!file contains the following RUNOFF commands: .! .AUTOPARAGRAPH used so the ".P" isn't required between paragraphs .! .FLAGS TAB ~ define the tilde sign for tabulation .! .FLAGS PERIOD "period flag" char (+ is the default) enabled for examples .! ----------------------------------------------------- chapter1 .qchapter This is a chapter title This is text following ".qchapter" and ".P" commands. The heading is called a Main heading. This chapter illustrates the RNOTHESIS commands used for subdividing text. The ".P" is the RUNOFF paragraph command that identifies the beginning of each new paragraph including those that begin a new section. An exception is made when beginning a subsection with either the ".subsection" or ".subsub" RNOTHESIS commands; the paragraph command should be omitted at the beginning of these sections. .majsect This is a Major Section This is text following ".majsect" and ".P" commands. The heading is called a Major subheading. .section This is a section This is text following ".section" and ".P" commands. The heading is called a Minor subdivision heading. .subsection This is a subsection This is text following a ".subsection" command. The heading is called a Paragraph heading. .subsub This is a subsubsection This is text following a ".subsub" command. The heading is called a Subparagraph heading. .test text 7,3 .!Keep this following section all on one page .section Immediate sectional headings Sometimes one sectional heading must immediately follow another and this condition must be indicated to RNOTHESIS .IMMEDIATE IF ISU;(as with ISUTHESIS) to insure correct vertical spacing. .tabnum 'HEADING' As shown in Table $N$$HEADING, this is done with the leading ".qchapter" and ".majsect" commands by following them with an "I". It is unnecessary to do this with the other sectional heading commands. .!Note that ~ is defined as the tab flag character in the control file .tabTITLE Illustration of immediate headings .tabbegin .tabTITLE POINT .TABS PROPORTIONAL 4,1 ~.qchapter I HEADING ~.majsect I HEADING ~.qchapter I HEADING ~.majsect HEADING ~.section HEADING ~.majsect I HEADING ~ ~ ~.section HEADING .tabend .! ----------------------------------------------------- chapter2 .qchapter Other RNOTHESIS Features This chapter illustrates the RNOTHESIS commands for different text features such as footnotes and tables. .majsect Footnotes and Quotations This major section illustrates the commands for footnotes and quotations. .! --------------------------------------- footnotes .section Footnotes .subsection Footnote commands This section illustrates the RNOTHESIS commands for creating footnotes. .bbA .! .!In the line below, the variable name $FN$ is printed using the .!"accept flag" character (_) to inhibit variable name substitution .! This text precedes the footnote reference variable, _$FN_$, which writes the footnote superscript.$FN$+ This is one line of text following the footnote reference variable, .footbegin This is the text of the first footnote, which is sandwiched between the ".footbegin" and ".footend" commands. .footend and this is the text after the first footnote. It follows the ".footbegin" and ".footend" commands, which delimit the footnote itself, .fignum 'FOOT_EX' as shown in Figure $N$$FOOT_EX. .figtitle Defining a footnote in the text .figbegin .NO FILL .DISABLE FLAGS ALL .!Print accept & substitution char flags as normal characters .!In the line below, the variable name $FN$ is printed using the .!"accept flag" character (_) to inhibit variable name substitution .! This text precedes the footnote reference variable, _$FN_$, which writes the footnote .IMMEDIATE TEST TEXT .!Omit this command unless required; see text superscript.$FN$+ This is one line of text following the footnote reference variable, .footbegin This is the text of the first footnote, which is sandwiched between the ".footbegin" and ".footend" commands. .footend and this is the text after the first footnote. It follows the ".footbegin" and ".footend" commands, which delimit the footnote itself. .BLANK .figtitle point .figend .subsection Punctuation after the _$FN_$ reference number Notice how the period-flag character (_+ is the default) is used in Figure $N$$FOOT_EX to obtain two horizontal spaces after the footnote reference number (which follows "terminal punctuation") at the end of the sentence (e.g_. endword._$FN_$_+). Because the period-flag character is enabled in RNOTHESIS, the user will need to precede any _+ signs to be printed, which are ^¬\& period flags, in the body of the paper with an accept-flag character (e.g_. ___+). Consult the "Special formatting with RUNOFF flag functions" section in the ^&RUNOFF/RNOTHESIS Text Formatting Considerations\& area of this document for further details. This last footnote example shows how the footnote reference number can be placed ^&before\& (rather than after) the punctuation to footnote ^&Sarcocystis muris\&$FN$; notice the position of the reference number before the semicolon. .footbegin Here the name of the parasite is footnoted by placing the footnoting number ^&before\& the punctuation. .footend .subsection Potential problems and fixes If a footnote occurs near the bottom of the output page, RUNOFF may not be able to fit both footnote and footnote reference on the remaining page. This is particularly a problem where there are ^&numerious, long\& footnotes all bunched together within one long paragraph. In these instances, RUNOFF will either split a footnote across pages or terminate with an error message. To circumvent this problem, a RUNOFF ".IMMEDIATE TEST TEXT" command should be include just before the footnote reference variable, _$FN_$, followed by one (or two) text line(s), then the footnote itself. This technique is illustrated in Figure $N$$FOOT_EX. For more discussion, see the appendix section entitled "RUNOFF Limitations" in the ^&Bonner Lab RUNOFF\& manual. .IF BME .!Section internal to the Biomedical Eng Dept, ISU .subsection Obsolete footnoting commands The older RNOTHESIS commands for footnoting (".&qfootbegin" and ".&qfootend") are still supported but may be discontinued in the future. Both new and old footnoting command types may be mixed within the same document but ^¬\& within the same footnote. .ENDIF BME .ebA .! -------------------------------------- quotations .section Quotations This section illustrates a quotation. This text precedes the ".quote begin" command. .quote begin This is the quoted material. Note that it is automatically indented five spaces on both the right and left, and it is single-spaced. .quote end This text follows the ".quote end" command. .IF ISU .!Section internal to Iowa State University .section Boxes RUNOFF/RNOTHESIS does not support box generation as SCRIPT/ISUTHESIS does. Boxes must be drawn in by hand. .ENDIF ISU .majsect Points and Bullets If you require portability between RUNOFF/RNOTHESIS and SCRIPT/ISUTHESIS then you should use the "point" and "bullet" commands as they are defined below. On the other hand, if you are doing your entire thesis with RUNOFF/RNOTHESIS, then you may find the native RUNOFF "LIST" commands in RUNOFF more powerful and just as easy to use. Consult the ^&Bonner Lab RUNOFF\& manual concerning the "LIST" commands. .! ------------------------------------------- points .section Points This section illustrates how to create lists of numbered points. This text precedes the ".point begin" command. .point begin This is the text of the first point. It follows the ".point begin" command. .point This is the text of the second point. It follows a ".point" command. .point This is the text of the third and last point. .bbA It also follows a ".point" command. .ebA .point end This is the text following the ".point end" command. .! ------------------------------------------ bullets .section Bullets This section illustrates bulleted lists. This text precedes the ".bullet begin" command. .bullet begin This is the text of the first bullet. It follows the ".bullet begin" command. .bullet This is the text of the second bullet. It follows a ".bullet" command. .bullet This is the text of the third and last bullet. .bbA It also follows a ".bullet" command. .ebA .bullet end This is the text following the ".bullet end" command. .!IMMEDIATE TEST TEXT 7 .majsect I Equation Formatting .section Commands and syntax for equation formatting The RNOTHESIS commands ".equlist begin", ".equ", and ".equlist end" work in exactly the same fashion as the .point and .bullet commands discussed above. In addition, a tab character must be in front of each equation and equation number reference, _$EQUNO_$, as shown below: .bbA .BR [tab chr]P(x) _= ax>2< _+ bx _+ c[tab chr](_$EQUNO_$) .BR As with all RNOTHESIS reference variables, the first letter of the variable name (e.g., the "E" in _$EQUNO_$) must be capitalized. .ebA Notice that the escape flag (_^) may be left off of the super/subscript flags, _^> and _^<, during the equation definition block. This is because RNOTHESIS uses a ".FLAGS SPECIAL" command to temporarily define them as single-character flag functions. .bbA Also notice that the accept flag (__) may be left off the period flag (_+), ___+ normally depicting the plus sign in the text, during the equation definition block. This is because RNOTHESIS uses a ".DISABLE FLAGS PERIOD" command so the plus sign is temporarily regarded as a printable character instead of the period-flag function. .ebA The ".equlist" commands align the equations by their equal signs in column 15 or so. Although a good idea in principle, this occasionally fails in practice. In these cases, the ".equbegin" and ".equend" commands may be substituted for the ".equlist begin" and ".equlist end" commands. These alternate commands do nothing to position the equation; this is left up to you. Be sure to omit the first tab character in front of each equation when using ".equbegin" and ".equend" unless you have defined your own tab stops. .!Note that ~ is defined as the tab flag character .!in the control file with the ".FLAGS TAB ~" command .equlist begin .bbA .!Below, associate the equ counter, EQU_CNT$, with a user reference variable .DEFINE NUMBER ITEM /EQU_CNT$/'EQU_TABS$' ~W = {E>2<}/{R} = I>22< + bx + c ~($EQUNO$) .equ .!Below, associate the equ counter, EQU_CNT$, with a user reference variable .DEFINE NUMBER ITEM /EQU_CNT$/'EQU_DEMO$' .FIGURE 2 .!Add more room for the following equation ~v = V>. + {v}/{R}}/{I}] + v ~($EQUNO$) .equ ~v> = -V + V> ~($EQUNO$) .equlist end .bbA .fignum 'EQU_DEMO_FIG' In Equation _#$N$$EQU_TABS$, notice how both equal signs are formatted in the RUNOFF input file (reproduced in Figure $N$$EQU_DEMO_FIGa). The first equal sign is preceded by a tab character flag (_~) at the beginning of the equation so that this equal sign is considered a tab alignment point. In contrast, the second equal sign is not preceded by a tab character; therefore, it is not used as a tab alignment point; rather it is printed as any other character. .figtitle Defining user-defined variables for equations .figbegin .NO FILL .DISABLE FLAGS ALL .!Print accept & substitution char flags as normal characters .DISABLE FLAGS TAB .!Print tab char flag as normal character .NO FLAGS TAB .!This command was added because DISABLE FLAGS TAB doesn't work .!Note that ~ is defined as the tab flag character .!in the control file with the ".FLAGS TAB ~" command .! .equlist begin ~W = {E>2<}/{R} = I>22< + bx + c ~($EQUNO$) .equ .!Below, associate the equation counter, EQU_CNT$, . . . .!with the user reference variable EQU_DEMO$ .DEFINE NUMBER ITEM /EQU_CNT$/'EQU_DEMO$' .!The next command line is optional; see appendix on back referencing .DEFINE NUMBER ITEM /CHP_CNT$/'CHP_EQU_DEMO$' .FIGURE 2 .!Add more room for the following equation ~v = V>. + {v}/{R}}/{I}] + v ~($EQUNO$) .equ ~v> = -V + V> ~($EQUNO$) .equlist end .BLANK .ENABLE FLAGS SUBSTITUTE .!Restore substitution for figure# FIGURE $N$$EQU_DEMO_FIGa. Defining variable references for equations .BLANK 2 .DISABLE FLAGS SUBSTITUTE .!Allow substitution flag to be printed Back referencing is demonstrated here for Equation _#$N$$EQU_DEMO$. Refer to the RUNOFF input file . . . .BLANK .ENABLE FLAGS SUBSTITUTE FIGURE $N$$EQU_DEMO_FIGb. Back referencing above equation definition .BLANK .FLAGS TAB ~ .!This line--and the NO FLAGS TAB line--should not be necessary .figtitle point .figend .ebA The equation formatting functions are the ^&most\& powerful and best feature in Bonner Lab RUNOFF; however, they do not always work well with the tab functions and therefore may produce strange results when used with the ".equlist" commands. Equation formatting is demonstrated in Equations _#$N$$EQU_TABS$ and _#$N$$EQU_DEMO$. .bbA See the "Equation formatting" section of the ^&RUNOFF Commands\& chapter in the ^&Bonner Lab RUNOFF\& manual for further description. .section Back referencing equations Back referencing is demonstrated here for Equation _#$N$$EQU_DEMO$. Refer to the RUNOFF input file (reproduced in Figure $N$$EQU_DEMO_FIG) and notice how Equation _#$N$$EQU_DEMO$ is "back referenced" in the above sentence (Figure $N$$EQU_DEMO_FIGb) via a user-reference name established with the RUNOFF ".DEFINE NUMBER ITEM" command (Figure $N$$EQU_DEMO_FIGa). In this example, the ".DEFINE NUMBER ITEM" command is first used to equate the equation counter, EQU__CNT_$, with the "user-defined" variable name EQU__DEMO_$ then that user name is used in the following text as _$N_$_$EQU__DEMO_$ to back reference the equation it was initially defined for. .section Mixing equations with text lines Although it is possible to mix text between the ".equlist begin" and ".equlist end" commands, which delimit the equation-definition block, this practice is not recommended since RUNOFF flag characters, line separation, and text justification are handled differently within such blocks. Instead, the equation block should be terminated upon encountering each text line, then restarted as necessary to begin the next equation definition as shown in .fignum 'EQU_BLKING' Figure $N$$EQU_BLKING. .figtitle Proper form for mixing equations and text lines .figbegin .NO FILL .DISABLE FLAGS ALL .!Print accept & substitution char flags as normal characters .DISABLE FLAGS TAB .!Print tab char flag as normal character .NO FLAGS TAB .!This command was added because DISABLE FLAGS TAB doesn't work .equlist begin ~W = {E>2<}/{R} = I>22< + bx + c ~($EQUNO$) .equlist end This is the text that is to follow the second equation and precede the third. .equlist begin ~V = -IR ~($EQUNO$) .equlist end .BLANK .FLAGS TAB ~ .!This line--and the NO FLAGS TAB line--should not be necessary .figtitle point .figend .ebA .majsect Tables and Figures This major section illustrates RUNOFF/RNOTHESIS commands for tables and figures. .! ------------------------------------------- tables .section Tables This section illustrates the commands for creating tables. .tabnum 'TZONE_TBL' The ".tabnum" command is used to .bbA first increment the table counter, then equate a user-reference name (in this case, "TZONE__TBL") to the new counter value. In this way, RNOTHESIS can use the user-reference name to keep track of the table number automatically so you don't have to renumber your tables if you rearrange them within your paper. Each ".tabnum" command only needs to precede each table definition block it references. .IMMEDIATE TEST TEXT 7 Please note, as with all RUNOFF substitution names, the user-reference name cannot exceed 20 characters in length. The usage of this command for both table and figure definitions is given below. .SPACING 1 .CENTER; .tabnum 'TAB__REF__NAME' .CENTER; .fignum 'FIG__REF__NAME' .BLANK .SPACING .!Restore original spacing This is the text that follows the ".tabnum" command and precedes the ".tabtitle", ".tabbegin", and ".tabtitle point" commands, which begins the table definition block .ebA for Table $N$$TZONE_TBL. The ".tabtitle" command is used to define the title of the table (which must all be on one line and less than 200 characters); whereas, the ".tabbegin" command marks the beginning of the table. Both of these commands ^&must\& be together so that ".tabtitle" defines the table title on one line and ".tabbegin" begins the table on the next. If you look closely at the input, you will notice that the table was formatted using tabs. This is usually faster and easier than manually spacing the input. .bbA Also note that the user's control file has used the RUNOFF ".FLAGS TAB _~" command to define the _~ character as a "tab character". You may choose to .ebA use the "native tab character" (generated by the TAB key) as the normal tab flag, which is the default setting. Consult the ^&Bonner Lab RUNOFF\& manual for more detail concerning the use of tabs. .!Note that ~ is defined as the tab flag character in the control file .tabtitle Some states and their time zones .tabbegin .LM +13 .RM -12 .!Center the table by indenting margins .TAB STOPS +7 +18 .!The .TABS PROPORTIONAL 2 command is preferred .tabtitlepoint ---------------------------------------- ~STATE ~TIME ZONE ---------------------------------------- ~Washington ~Pacific^>a^< ~Wyoming ~Mountain ~Utah ~Mountain ~Texas ~Central ~Arkansas ~Central ~Iowa ~Central^>b^< ~Mississippi ~Central ~Florida ~Eastern ~Maine ~Eastern ---------------------------------------- .!Blank lines are kept within a table definition; the .KEEP LINES command is used .FILL .!The "fill mode" must be switched on if desired in a table .INDENT 5 ^>a^< This is a footnote used within a table. Notice the spacing and placement of the footnote. .SK .INDENT 5 ^>b^< This is the second footnote. .tabend .!This command will restore default right and left margin This is the text following the ".tabend" command. If there is room on the current output page, a table (or figure) is printed at the position where it was defined; otherwise, it will be printed at the top of the next page. Footnotes within tables ^&must\& be formatted by "paragraphing" within the table definition itself; the RUNOFF/RNOTHESIS footnote commands cannot be used within a table definition block. Lower case letters depict footnotes within a table, except for statistical significance which is designated by asterisks. .! ------------------------------------------ figures .section Figures This section illustrates the commands for creating figures. .fignum 'FIG_EXPL' .bbA This is the text following the ".fignum" command and preceding .ebA the ".figtitle" and ".figbegin" commands for Figure $N$$FIG_EXPL. .figtitle This is the figure title of the "figure definition" example .figbegin .BREAK;this is the ^&first\& line in the figure .LM +5 .!Temporarily offset the left margin by 5 spaces for this figure .BLANK;Note that the fill mode (.FILL) is normally on during a figure definition unless otherwise shut off (.NO FILL); whereas, the fill mode is not on during a table definition. .BLANK;The RUNOFF ".FIGURE n" command may be used here to reserve &n absolute blank lines for a paste-in figure. .bbA Moreover, the RUNOFF ".FIGURE n" and ".FIGURE DEFERRED n" commands can reserve &n contiguous blank lines ^&anywhere\& in the document--including the top of a page; whereas, the RUNOFF ".SKIP n" and ".BLANK n" commands will discard blank lines across page boundaries. .ebA .LM .!Restore left margin to the default setting .BLANK;this is the ^&last\& line in the figure .figtitlepoint .figend This is the paragraph that follows the ".figtitle point" and ".figend" commands that defines Figure $N$$FIG_EXPL. .bbA .subsection Reserving a whole page for a figure To reserve an entire page for a figure, use a ".FIGURE 46" command ^&within\& .tabnum 'FIG_TAB_COM' the figure definition block, shown in Table $N$$FIG_TAB_COM, where the block is terminated with ".figend page" rather than ".figend" as noted in the table. Moreover, to reserve a completely blank page with only a page number but ^&no\& figure title or description, use the RUNOFF ".FIGURE DEFERRED n" command where &n is 47. See the ^&Bonner Lab RUNOFF\& manual for details. .ebA .!Note that ~ is defined as the tab flag character in the control file .tabtitle Comparison of figure, table, biblio, and equation commands .tabbegin .tabtitle point .BLANK .DISABLE FLAGS SUBSTITUTE .!Let the $ sign print as a normal character .TAB PROPORTIONAL 4,+0,+0,-8,+0 ^*text prior to ~text prior to figure reference ~table reference\* _.fignum 'FIGNAME' ~.tabnum 'TABNAME' ^*text with ~text with $N$$FIGNAME ref ~$N$$TABNAME ref\* _.figtitle TITLE ~.tabtitle TITLE ~.bibtitle _.figbegin ~.tabbegin ~.bibbegin ~.equlistbegin ~.tabtitle point ~^*reference ~equation ($EQUNO$)\* _.FIGURE 20 ~^*table description\* ~.bib* ~.equ ~ ~^*reference ~equation ($EQUNO$)\* ^*figure description ~body of table\* ~.bib ~.equ _.figtitle point ~ ~^*reference ~equation ($EQUNO$)\* _.figend** ~.tabend** ~.bibend ~.equlistend .FILL .!The fill mode must be turned on if desired within a table definition .P;#*The ".bib" may be replaced with a blank line if autoparagraphing is used. .B .P;**If the figure or table requires a whole page, use the ".figend page" or ".tabend page" commands instead. .tabend .bbA .TEST TEXT 11,2 .!Hold the following point together .section General guidelines for defining tables and figures .point begin Place the table and figure definition blocks ^&between\& paragraphs rather than in the middle of a paragraph. The definition block begins with ".figbegin" (or ".tabbegin") and ends with ".figend" (or ".tabend"). Notice that the ".fignum" (or ".tabnum") command is ^¬\& a part of the block and can be placed anywhere in front of the block definition. Defining blocks between paragraphs should reduce the chances of having widow or orphan lines around tables and figures. .point For table or figure definitions that require a whole page (or nearly a whole page), end these definitions with the ".tabend page" or ".figend page" command instead of ".tabend" or ".figend". This will prevent orphan lines from following these tables and figures in the remaining space left on the page. .ebA .point Tables and figures are defined similarly except that the ".tabtitle point" command normally follows ".tabbegin"; whereas, the ".figtitle point" normally precedes ".figend". Table $N$$FIG_TAB_COM illustrates these differences. .point end .! ----------------------------------------------------- bibliography .majsect Bibliography Table $N$$FIG_TAB_COM also illustrates the ".bib" commands which works similar to the ".equlist" commands as shown. In addition, there is a ".bibtitle" command which must immediately precede the ".bibbegin" command similar to the figure and table definition blocks. Within the bib-definition block, only one horizontal space follows periods and colons. A "period flag" character (_+) must follow each of these punctuation marks where double spacing is required. The bibliographical style given below is copied from the new ^&fifth\& edition ^&CBE Style Manual\& (1983); whereas, the examples in the ^&Graduate College Thesis Manual\& [ISU] use the older ^&third\& edition ^&CBE Style Manual\& (1972). You and your major professor must select one of the formats; the thesis office will accept either but not both. .bibtitle .bibbegin .! ---------- JOURNALS: Standard journal article Steele, R. D.+ Role of 3-ethylthiopropionate in ethionine metabolism and toxicity in rats.+ J. Nutr. 112:118-125; 1982. White, H. B., III.+ Coenzymes as fossils of an earlier molecular state.+ J. Mol. Evol. 7:101-104; 1976. Livanou, Th.; Nikas, A.+ A quick test of protein bound iodine based on the dry ash method.+ Folia Biochim. Biol. Graeca. 9:116-123; 1972. .! ---------- JOURNALS: Article with author affiliation Norton, E. M.; Boe, A. A.+ (Dept. of Plant and Soil Sciences, Univ. of Idaho, Moscow).+ ^&In vitro\& propagation of ornamental rosaceous plants.+ HortScience 17:190-191; 1982. .! ---------- BOOKS AND MONOGRAPHS: Personal author(s) Osler, A. G.+ Complement:+ mechanisms and functions.+ Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc.; 1976. Altschul, S. von R.+ Drugs and foods from little-known plants; notes in Harvard University herbaria.+ Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ. Press; 1973. Eason, G.; Coles, C. W.; Gettingby, G.+ Mathematics and statistics for the bio-sciences.+ West Sussex, England: Ellis Horwood Limited; 1980. .bibend .! ----------------------------------------------------- appendixes .qappendix begin .qappendix This is the title of the first appendix The RNOTHESIS ".qappendix" command is used to begin each appendix section. This command is followed with the title of the appendix section. For example: .! .!NOTE: Blank(s) or an "accept flag" precedes ".qappendix" below so it is not .!interpreted as a RUNOFF command (which must begin in column one) .qappendix Definition of Symbols .br;The appendix sections normally appear last in a thesis .bbA so that they follow the bibliography and acknowledgements sections. .!The .CENTER TEXT command, below, will insure a centered title heading even .!if the title overflows to the next line. .!The "required space" flag, which is the _# sign, will indicate where the .!title is NOT to be split (i.e. must remain together). .CENTER TEXT .qappendix Using#"Optional"#Chapter-number#Prefixes#on Tables,#Figures,#and#Equation#Numbers .END CENTER .SAVE STATUS .!Save enable/disable flag status for later restoration .DISABLE FLAGS ACCEPT .!Print the underscore accept-flag character RNOTHESIS supports several optional formats, which were formally discussed in detail in the ^&RNOTHESIS formatting options\& section of this guide. Among these, the NUM_CHAP option (or RUNOFF variant) enables chapter numeration of chapter headings, tables, figures, and equations automatically. The reference names used to cite these items in the text may be handled in two ways; the ^&second\& approach is the simplest and preferred method when applicable.$FN$ .footbegin Keep in mind that prefixing table, figure, and equation numbers with the chapter number is ^&completely optional\& in your thesis. If you are ^¬\& doing this, disregard this entire appendix section. .footend .DISABLE FLAGS SUBSTITUTE .!Print the dollar-sign substitution-flag character .point begin Although more involved, the first method works in ^&all\& possible situations. It uses the ^&optional\& ".chpnum" command, which immediately follows the appropriate RNOTHESIS command as shown: .TEXT .SPACING 1 .point begin To later reference a chapter number from anywhere in the thesis-- .BLANK .qchapter CHAPTER HEADING FOR THE INTRODUCTION .chpnum 'CHP_REF_NAME' .TEXT .BLANK .point To later reference a table, figure, or equation from anywhere in the thesis-- .BLANK .NO FILL .tabnum 'TAB_REF_NAME' .chpnum 'CHP_REF_NAME' .fignum 'FIG_REF_NAME' .chpnum 'CHP_REF_NAME' .BLANK .equlist begin .chpnum 'CHP_REF_NAME' --OR-- .equbegin .chpnum 'CHP_REF_NAME' --OR-- .equ .chpnum 'CHP_REF_NAME' .SPACING .FILL .END TEXT .!Restore normal formatting .point end .BLANK 2 In all above cases, the ".chpnum" command simply equates the current chapter number to the user-defined variable that immediately follows the ".chpnum" command. The author can now reference items (tables, equations, etc.) with a .! Readers may find the "raw form" of the text below to be misleading. .! The quotation marks are used only for emphasis; .! the dollar sign is the substitution flag (It's disabled here.); .! the pound (or number) sign is the required space (which RUNOFF replaces .! with a blank) and is only used here to prevent RUNOFF from splitting .! the figure-reference example between two lines. .! The required space is NOT relevant to the example itself! "$chapter.$item" reference-name combination. For example, "Figure#$CHP_REF_NAME.$FIG_REF_NAME" would print as "Figure#3.2". This method, which uses the ".chpnum" command, is only ^&required\& if the referenced item was defined in a different chapter than what it is being referenced from; that is, Figure 3.2 was defined in chapter 3 but is referenced in the text--once again--in chapter(s) 4 and/or 5. Since referencing across chapters hardly occurs, the ".chpnum" method is rarely necessary. The second method is much more convenient to use. .point This second method simply prefixes the ^¤t\& chapter (or appendix) number--followed by a period--to the user-defined reference name given in the text. This substitution only occurs, however, if the reference name--given ^&in\& the ^&text\&--is preceded with a $N$$ character-string combination. .TEXT .!Keep following NOTE on a single page .SPACING 1 .NOTE WARNING .NO JUSTIFY The $N$$ string is generally ^¬ accepted\& by RNOTHESIS commands. It is intended to be used within the text of the document, not in command lines. .BLANK .tabnum 'MY_DOG_SPOT' .#.#.#and, as shown in Figure $N$$MY_DOG_SPOT, the subject has recovered .#.#. .tabtitle Recovery from prosthetic implant .tabbegin .END NOTE .SPACING .!Restore normal spacing .point end .END TEXT We strongly recommend prefixing every item reference name (for tables, figures, and equations) in the text with the $N$$ string whether or not you're using the NUM_CHAP formatting option. The only time the $N$$ string should be omitted is in RNOTHESIS command lines and whenever the first method discussed above--using $CHP_REF.$ITEM_REF--is employed to alternately generate the item reference numbers. .RESTORE STATUS .!Restore enable/disable conditions of all flags to normal .ebA .no fill .c;* * * * * * *