ON THE POSSIBILITY OF THE EXISTENCE OF A TYPE OF CHARGE-ENERGY SIMILAR TO MASS-ENERGY When we look at the electron-positron annihilation reaction we see that the property of the interactants called mass is transformed into a type of energy which we normally call light. As we all should know, this process is represented by the famous equation: E = m*c2 Here, E is the energy produced, m is the mass transformed into energy, and c is the speed of light. Now, since we have seen that this process is essentially true, it is valid to ask what happened to the property of the interactants called charge. Looking at the action of mass we see that it seems to create a force field of the form: F = (G*m1*m2)/(r2) However, when we look at the action of the property called charge, we see that it seems to create a force field of almost identical form: F = -(K*q1*q2)/(r2) From the above considerations one is forced to conclude that there exists a type of charge-energy into which the property of charge is transformed, just as the property of mass is transformed into photonic energy. One of the major differences between this new type of energy, which may be called for the moment tachyonic, and normal photonic energy is the fact that it is dipolar. That is, although it may not measurably exhibit the property of charge, it will contain within itself the properties of both positive and negative charges. This energy should be observable in electron-positron annihilation reactions, using large electromagnetic fields to separate the charges spacially, thus rendering them visible in properly constructed environments. Although this new tachyonic energy will exhibit electromagnetic properties, we believe that in its energy dipole form, as opposed to its unipolar charge forms, this new energy form is really the graviton, or more properly, the magneto-graviton; that energy form actually responsible for the force of gravity. In saying this we are laying the foundation for a unified field theory, wherein the unipolar forms produce the normal electromagnetic effects and the dipolar form produces gravitational effects due to its structural configurations in the bound state. Essentially, gravitational forces become explainable in terms of electromagnetic interactions between the bound dipolar tachyons in matter. The next thing to consider is the question of how this new possiblity affects modern physical explanations of the way the universe works. The first conclusion one is led to is that the structure and form of all matter has evolutionary sequence at its most basic level. The process would seem to go something like this. Space radiates energy in photonic and tachyonic forms. These two energies interact and begin to form globules of primordal matter, in a non-separated charge state, similar in structure to matter inside a black hole, but without the gravitational effects. These globules form systems similar to solar systems and begin to exhibit charge separation. At this stage the structure is probably similar to that of matter in a neutron star. Next, some total charge separation takes place and we have the beginnings of matter as we normally know it today. What one must not assume is that the evolution of the structure of matter is finished; this is highly unlikely. Next we will show you our conception of a static cross-section of the dynamically changing modern-day electron. As you can see, this consists of four (-1/3) charges in a tetrahedral configuration with one (+1/3) charge at the center. Surrounding these charges, both within and without the tetrahedral volume, are regions of bound photonic and tachyonic energy. INSERT ILLUSTRATION A similar situation exists for all elementary particles. For positively charged particles the charge configuration is reversed. In the case of neutral particles there is an eight-vertexed double tetrahedron with a dual center consisting of separate positive and negative charges. In all these cases there are greater concentrations of bound photonic and tachyonic energies. In the case of neutinos the situation is slightly different. Neutrinos, we believe, have no split charge configurations. Those without rest mass have essentially a two-dimensional structure of bound tachyonic and photonic energies, while those with rest mass exhibit a centerless three- dimensional configuration similar to that of the electron. We must remember that the structures described above are only one out of many possible views of a dynamically changing matrix. One might be tempted to wonder whether the conclusions invalidate the deductive processes that arrived at them. Not at all. It is explainable as follows. The amount of bound photonic energy of a particle at rest is directly proportional to its bound tachyonic energy. m0 = (Constant)*(Tachyonic Energy)/(c2) It is thus still a proper quantity to be used in the gravitational force equation. In the case of the photo-electric effect, it is this proportionality that causes the photon to be re-emitted and not kept bound within the electron matrix. The gravitational constant (G) is a measure of the general structural configuration of the bound tachyons in a particle at rest. It is essentially a probability distribution function integrated over the space-time volume of the particle in question. G also varies with velocity, thus being looked at as G(v). We may now look at how this new view relates to a particle in motion with velocity v. Two things happen. First G(v) increases due the the interior realignment of bound tachyons created by particle motion. This increases the gravitational field and gives rise to the measured increase in mass at a given velocity. Secondly, the energy of the bound photons is increased; that is, their frequency becomes greater. This is due to the nature of the tachyon-photon binding interaction, and causes the measured increase in the energy of mass annihilation reactions when the particles concerned are in motion. We may now look at the gravitational force equation for two particles with rest masses m01 and m02, and velocities v1 and v2: F = ({G(v1)*G(v2)}1/2)*m01*m02/(r2) The energy equation for annihilation would be: E = (m01+ m02)*(c2) + {(h)*(·{(nj)*(ÆÄj)})} As in classical relativity, we believe that these equations have maxima at the velocity of light, but unlike classical relativity we do not believe that these maxima are infinite - just very, very, large. We must also consider here the form of the energy equation for charge annihilation. Just as the energy equation for mass has two parts, we believe that the charge equation also has two parts; an electrostatic part corresponding to rest mass energy, and an electromagnetic part corresponding to energy due to velocity. The above ideas give formerly abstact considerations such as those of kinetic energy, heat transfer, time dilation, and the like a much firmer, more objective basis of consideration. Next, we will consider the strong and weak interactions. The weak interaction is simply a type of low level electromagnetic resonance. In the case of neutrino capture by an electron, this resonance is set up within the electron matrix between the tachyons and split charges of the electron on one side and the tachyons of the neutrino on the other. This is very similar to the photoelectric effect. However, the resonance here being tachyonic, the matrix and actual nature of the particle is changed, while in photon capture and re-emission this is not the case. The strong interaction is, on the other hand, similar in nature to the gravitational force. However, because of the closeness of particles in the internuclear matrix, the actual pathways of the individual bound tachyons, and probably those of the split charges, must be taken into account, in order to properly determine the field interactions of such a dynamically changing structural matrix. Practically, this results in having to evaluate the probability distribution function of structural configuration in a discrete manner, as opposed to a continuous integration, in order to arrive at a value for G valid at internuclear distances. In a similar manner, we believe that the value for G must be evaluated differently for distances on the order of those existing between local super-clusters of galaxies. Due to the configuration of fields and forces interacting at these great distances, it is believed that the value for G becomes negative at these distances, thus accounting for the measured recessional motion of far-off galactic groupings. The above considerations must now lead us to the formulation of G not only as a function of the velocities of the matter involved, but also as a function of the distances between them. Thus, we now see the gravitational constant as G(v,r). We may now take a quick look at quantum and wave mechanics. The uncertainties in these two disciplines comes from their probablistic natures. However, these uncertainties are founded upon the basic dynamic configurations of the bound energies in question. Were we able to determine the structure of the individual paths of the bound photons, tachyons, and split-charge configurations within matter, then these uncertainties would disappear. This is demonstratable by considering the tunnel diode effect. This effect is explained by saying that an electron has a certain probability of being on the other side of a potential barrier that it could normally never cross. However, if we consider the dynamic structural configuration of the electron, we may see that a certain percentage of electrons have the proper spacial configuration at just the right moment to naturally pass through this potential barrier. The magnitude of this percentage should be found to be exactly the same as the probability for a single electron to cross this barrier, as calculated by present day methods. What type of technology might flow from this new way of looking at the universe of matter? By proper configuration, alignment, and manipulation of electromagnetic and dipolar electromagnetic fields, the technologies of anti-gravity, faster than light travel (without the elusive concept of hyperspace), cold fusion, and safe fission (with little or no by-products) should be available in the future. Also, such futuristic devices as matter transformers, matter duplicators, matter transmitters and tractor beams may be possible. The first step here is to attempt to simulate the type of field produced by a tachyon. One possible way to do this might be to wind two very small insulated wires in a circular, double helical pattern. They could be either wound around each other, or around a torus. If the latter, the radius of the tube should be very much less than the radius of the hole. Current could then be passed through the two wires in opposite directions, thus simulating plus and minus charges moving in a bound circular path, in the same direction, as would be in our conception of the tachyonic structure. We believe that the double helical form is the correct simulation of the interior structure of the bound tachyonic path, although the actual configuration of a free tachyon may be more akin to that of a double spiral. In view of the above, it is likely that there is an evolutionary relationship between tachyons and DNA on one hand, and one also between tachyons and the formation of spiral galaxies on the other. While considering the totality of our viewpoint, we have had to come to certain conclusions that are at variance with modern physical theory. These include the following: space continually radiates energy; there was no big bang; black holes have no singularities. However, the most astonishing conclusion we reached is that the electromagnetic spectrum actually consists of two very different types of entities. The first, of which radio waves are the best known representative, are created by charge oscillation and are actually projected force fields whose method of operation is that of a normal force field. The second, represented of course by light, are created from the photonic component of matter and work essentially by direct energy transfer. The former also have a third vector force produced by tachyons, which force is responsible for the bending of these waves near a large mass. The bending of photons in similar fields is, however, a function of the same tachyon force responsible for the binding of the photons in material structures. It seems to us as if these are two entirely different phenomena even if the mathematics of their existence are the same. Addendum to Tachyon Theory After much meditation and questioning we have come to the conclusion that the entire physical and even part of the metaphysical universe can be seen as manifestations of tachyon groupings. In this mode photons are seen as charge balanced tachyon manifestations with straight line symmetry. Mass is seen as a charge balanced form with circular or spherical symmetry. The individual plus and minus one third charges are charge unbalanced manifestations also with circular or spherical symmetry, with the tetrahedral symmetry of their interrelation remaining. Finally, the neutrino is a charge balanced form whose symmetry relates to the tetrahedral and may be triangular, tetrahedral, cubic, or octahedral. Mathematically, this entire idea can be described by a general tachyon function and a sequence of charge symmetric and charge asymmetric geometric operators. The results of applying these operators to the general function are the mathematical descriptors of the above related forms. In this theoretical model the strong interaction would be produced by the short range interaction between one third charges of opposite sign. The weak interaction would be produced by the short range interaction between one third charges of like sign. These fields would necessarily have fine structure based on the tetrahedral form of the charge distribution. We know from General Relativity that the mass aspect can be seen as a continuous Space-Time curvature. Looking closely at Quantuum Mechanics we find that the charge aspect might also be seen in terms of like curvature but in a quantized manner. This is most evident in the theory of electron orbitals. This leaves open the possibility of a Unified Field Theory based on the Space-Time curvature produced by the various tachyonic forms. This theory also provides room for latent unstructured tachyonic forms which may provide a basis for energy transformations as yet unexplained and such processes as quantuum mechanical correlation. Another function for these latent forms would be to provide a basis for an entirely new level of substance manifestation. This level would not be involved in mass or energy transformations but in the manifestation and transmutation of information matrices. Mathematically, this requires a whole new set of operators which may collectively be called the descriptors of creative imagination. The future is before us. let us explore it now. Good Luck. And May The Force Be With You.