NATIONAL GUARD (File #2) Contents The Term "National Guard"...................p.2 South Carolina Militia/Guard................p.3 Massachusetts Militia/Guard.................p.5 California Nat Guard........................p.7 .................p.9 See also: natgd USAMHI Natl Guard RefBranch dv May 85 NOTE: THE TERM "NATIONAL GUARD". According to most sources, the term stems from the Marquis de Lafayette, who used it to designate the revolutionary forces he commanded in France during the 1790s. He later applied this term to American organized militia during his 1824 visit to the U.S. Henceforth the term became popular. The 2d Bn/11th NY Arty first adopted the title and, later, New York State so designated all its Civil War militia. By 1896, according to John Mahon's History of National Guard and Militia, p. 110, only 3 states did not use the term. In 1916, The National Defense Act designated all state militia as National Guard. USAMHI National Guard RefBranch dv 1985 SOUTH CAROLINA MILITIA/GUARD Although MHI has no general history focusing specifically on the subject, we do have on file various primary and secondary sources that touch many periods in the history of South Carolina's militia and national guard. See the following sources arranged in approx- imate chronological order: Cole, David W. "The Organization and Administration of the South Carolina Militia System, 1670-1783." PhD dss, Univ of SC, 1953. pp. 89-140. UA440C6. South Carolina. Convention, 1860-61. Suggestions for Arming the State. Pamphlet, Charleston, 1860 p. 3-8. E577S61. Evans, Clement A. Confederate Military History. Vol V. NY: Yoseloff reprint, 1962. pp. 4-5 & 354-360. E484C65.1962v5. Simkins, Francis B. South Carolina During Reconstruction. Chapel Hill: Univ of NC Press, 1932. pp. 451-455 & 485-488. F274S46. Singletary, Otis A. Negro Militia and Reconstruction. Austin: Univ of Texas Press, 1957. pp. 14-15, 20-23, 36-37 & 138-141. E185.2S56. South Carolina. Adjutant General's Office. Report of the Adjutant and Inspector General...1873. Columbia, S.C.: State Printer, 1873. pp. 3-6. UA43S6. _________. Report...1876. pp. 3-13. UA43S6. _________. Report...1888. pp. 3-9. UA43S6. _________. The Military Code of South Carolina. Columbia, SC: Adj Gen Dept, 1913. 67 p. UB504S6A2. _________. Annual Report of the Adjutant General...1916. Columbia, DC: State Printers, 1917. pp. 3-5. UA43S6. Snowden, Yates. History of South Carolina. Vol II. Chicago: Lewis, 1920. pp. 896-897, 1086-1087, 1113-1117 and 1123-1124. Cox Coll, MicroReel #1(SC), Micro. U.S. War Dept. Report of the Acting Chief of the Militia Bureau, 1918. Wash, DC: GPO, 1918. p. 106. RefOff. South Carolina Militia/Guard p.2 Murphy, Elmer A., and Thomas, Robert S. The Thirtieth Division in the World War. Lepanto, AR: Old Hickory, 1936. pp. 10-13 & 18. 05-30-1936, UHRm. South Carolina. Office of Adj Gen. Directory, South Carolina National Guard: Supplement, 1941-1942. pp. 6-7 & 14-17. UA43S6. 30th Inf Div Assn. Old Hickory, 9th Annual Renunion. Brochure, Nashville, TN, 1955. Unnumbered historical narrative section. 05-30-1955, UHRm. USAMHI NatlGuard RefBranch js May 76 MASSACHUSETTS MILITIA/NATIONAL GUARD A Working Bibliography Batchelder, Roger. Watching and Waiting on the Border. Boston: Houghton-Mifflin, 1917. F1234B3. 8th Mass Rgt during Mexican border mobilization, 1916. Bowen, James. Massachusetts in the War, 1861-1865. Springfield, MA: Bryan, 1888. E513B78. Edwards, Frank E. The '98 Campaign of the 6th Massachusetts, U.S.V. Boston: Little, Brown, & Co., 1899. E726M4E26. And other Mass unit histories, Span-Amer War. Galvin, John R. The Minute Men: A Compact History of the Defenders of the American Colonies, 1645-1775. NY: Hawthorn, 1967. UA42G3. Hill, Jim Dan. The Minute Man in Peace and War: A History of the National Guard. Harrisburg, PA: Stackpole, 1964. UA42.H5. Mass. Nat. Gd. Historical and Pictorial Review. National Guard of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, 1939. Baton Rouge, LA: Army & Navy Pub, 1939. 300-MA-1939. Massachusetts. Adj Gen. Annual Report of the ..., 1861-1866. Boston: White; Wright & Potter, 1861-1867. UA43M4. And numerous Mass Civil War regimental histories. Massachusetts. Adj Gen Office. Massachusetts Soldiers, Sailors, and Marines in the Civil War. 9 vols. Norwood, MA: Norwood Press, 1931-1935. E513M32. _________. Records of the Massachusetts Volunteer Militia Called Out by the Governor of Massachusetts to Suppress a Threatened Invasion During the War of 1812-1814. Boston: Wright & Porter, 1913. E359.5M3. Massachusetts. Sec of Commonwealth. Massachusetts Soldiers and Sailors of the Revolutionary War. 17 vols. Boston: Wright & Potter, 1896-1908. El263M4M4. Roberts, Oliver A. History of the Military Company of the Massachusetts Now Called the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company of Massacchusetts, 1637-1888. 4 vols. Boston: Mudge, 1895-1901. UA258A5R64. Mass Militia/Nat Guard p.2 U.S. War Dept. Div of Militia Affairs/Nat Guard Bureau. Annual Reports, 1904-1974. Wash, DC: GPO, 1904-1974. UA42's. See Mass section. Whipple, George M. History of the Salem Light Infantry from 1805 to 1890. Salem: Essex Institute, 1890. UA258S1W57. USAMHI Nat Guard RefBranch js Dec 90 CALIFORNIA NATIONAL GUARD A Working Bibliography Brown, F. Sewall. The Soldiers Sketch Book. n.p., 1899. ca. 70 p. E726C1.1stInf.B76. 1st California in Span-Amer War. California. Adj Gen. Annual, biennial and quadrennial reports, 1861-1982. Scattered issues. UA43C23C35. _________. History of the California State Guard. Sacremento, 1945? 232 p. UA90C35. _________. Outline History of the California National Guard. Sacramento, 1950. 15 p. UA43C2077. Detrick, Charles R. History of the Operations of the First Regiment, California U.S. Volunteer Infantry in the Campaign in the Philippine Islands. n.p., ca. 1899. 108 p. DS683C1.1st1nf.H3. First to the Front, 1st California U.S.V. San Francisco: Patriotic Pub, 1898. ca. 200 p. E726C1.1stInf.M65. Its Span-Amer War service. National Guard Association of California. California National Guard Heritage Days Edition. Sacramento, 1987. 88 p. UA90N37. U.S. Army. Order of Battle of the United States Land Forces in the World War: American Expeditionary Forces - Divisions. Vol 2. Wash, DC: Center of Mil Hist, 1988 reprint. pp. 254-261. RefOff. Federalized Calif Guard, i.e., 40th Div. Orton, Richard H. Records of California Men in the War of the Rebellion, 1861 to 1867. Sacramento: Young, 1890. 887 p. E497.3C16. Personal papers include pertinent material, namely: - Gerrish, Paul M. WWII Vet Survey. Served with reconnaissance troop of the 40th Div. See pp. 28ff. of typescript memoir. California National Guard p.2 - Hewitt, Robert A. Oral Interview. Served with 40th Div Arty, Korean War, but as a Regular Army officer. See Tape H-497. - Lynch, Thomas P. Oral Interview. Served with 40th Div in Korean War, but as a Regular Army officer. See Vol II, pp. 198ff. - Mathewson, Henry G. Papers. In Calif NG, 1895-1939. Box of service records. Incls small notebook on 1906 earthquake. - Newton, Henry C. Papers. Served with 160th Inf (Calif NG) in interwar years. Clippings. - Retired Army Bulletin Collection incls 40th Div intelligence study on Japanese islands, 1945, by Bernard Kitt & 40th Div "Combat Notes" by Ray Busch. - Thisted, Moses. Papers. Info sheets on Calif NG mobilized for Mexican border service, 1916. ca 50 pp. See also: - Spec Bib 4 lists histories on 40th Div and 159th & 160th Inf Rgts. - Spec Bib 9, Part I, pp. 52-53, listing pertinent SpAm veterans' survey materials, Arch. - Spec Bib 11, p. 573, listing histories of Calif units in CW. - Spec Bib 20, pp. 160-63, lists pertinent WWI vet survey materials, Arch.