NONCOMMISSIONED OFFICERS Contents Noncommissioned Officers...................p.2 Appointing NCOs Then & Now.................p.7 "Shake & Bake" NCOs........................p.8 Sergeant Major.............................p.9 ......p.11 See also: USAMHI NCO RefBranch js Oct 72; dv Jun 90, Nov 92 NONCOMMISSIONED OFFICERS A Working Bibliography of MHI Sources Contents General/Miscellaneous......................p.1 Pre-20th Century...........................p.2 1900-1940..................................p.3 Since 1941.................................p.3 GENERAL/MISCELLANEOUS "A Brief History of the Backbone of the Army." Field Arty (Aug 1989): pp. 17-22. Per. Condensed version of handout at SGM Academy. Birtle, Andrew, & Condon-Rall, Mary-Ellen. "History of Officer and NCO Evaluation Reports Since WWI." Info paper, CMH, 3 Feb 1988. 6 p. UB4131B57. Coakley, Robert W., et al. Evolution of the Enlisted Grade Structure of the U.S. Army, 1775-1959. Draft photocopy, OCMH, Wash, DC, 1966-1967. 72 p. Copy at CMH. Fisch, Arnold G., Jr. "The Evolution and Development of the NCO Corps Since 1775." Draft essay, CMH, Wash, DC, Mar 1989. 30 p. BibFile(NCO). _________ & Wright, Robert K., Jr., eds. The Story of the Noncommissioned Officer Corps: The Backbone of the Army. Wash, DC: CMH, 1989. 236 p. UB323S76. Fisher, Ernest F., Jr. "Comments on the Noncommissioned Officer." Soldiers and Civilians: The U.S. Army and the American People. Ed by Garry D. Ryan & Timothy K. Nenninger. Wash, DC: Nat Arch, 1987. pp. 57-60. U215S554. NCO p.2 US Army. Sergeants Major Academy. "The History of the Noncommissioned Officer." Transcript of TV film, 1974. 18 p. UB323F6. U.S. Army Enlisted Grade Structure Evolution, 1775-1959. Collection. 2 bxs. Arch. Photocopied corresp, clippings, manuscripts, etc. re subject. See also: - "Sgt Maj" (NCO) - Letters, diaries & other materials of NCOs, Arch PRE-20TH CENTURY Bordman, John, Jr. Drill Manual for Non-Commissioned Officers. Concord, MA: Author, 1895. 121 p. U143B67. Bound with his Guard Manual for Non-Commissioned Officers and Privates (1895), 92 p. Bouilly, Robert H. "Origins of NCO Leadership." NCO Jrnl (Fall 1991): pp. 20-21. Per. Hist overview 17th-18th cents. _________. "Civil War Added NCO Roles." NCO Jrnl (Wntr 1992): pp. 20-21. Per. Fisher, Ernest F., Jr. "Uniquely American NCO Corps Had Roots in European Armies." Army (Oct 1989): pp. 188-91 & 194-95. Per. Kautz, August V. Customs of Service for Non-Commissioned Officers and Soldiers.... Phila: Lippincott, 1865. 303 p. U113K38. McGregor, Frank. Letters, 22 Aug 1862-1 Aug 1865. Arch. Cpl & Sgt, 83d Ohio Inf. Sacca, John W. "Uncommon Soldiers in the Common School Era: The Education of Noncommissioned Officers and Selected Privates of the United States Army, 1866-1908." PhD dss, State U NY, Albany, 1989. 331 p. U716S32. NCO p.3 1900-1940 Barada, John J. Diary, 6 Apr 1917-12 May 1919. Arch. Pvt, 12th Engrs, France. Moss, James A. Noncommissioned Officer's Manual. Menasha, WI: Banta, 1909. 417 p. U123M67. And 96-page 1909 supplement and 1917 ed. Norwood, John W. Instructions for the Non-Commissioned Officer. Columbus, OH: Miller, 1909. 60 p. U123N67. Reynolds, Alfred. The Life of an Enlisted Soldier in the United States Army. Wash, DC: GPO, 1904. 29 p. U766R49. See pp. 25-29. Stewart, M.B. Handbook for Noncommissioned Officer of Infantry. Kansas City, MO: Hudson, 1909. 144 p. U123S73. U.S. Congress. House. Committee on Mil Affairs. Discontinuance of Grade of Post Non-Commissioned Staff Officer. Hearings, 62d Cong, 1st sess, 1912. 20 p. UB323A7. U.S. War Dept. Manual for Non-Commissioned Officers and Privates of Infantry of the Army of the United States, 1917. Wash, DC: GPO, 1917. 350 p. UD153A4. See also: - Sp Am War Era Vets Survey, Arch - WWI Vets Survey, Arch SINCE 1941 Bartholomae, George. Letters, 1943-45. Arch. Cpl & Sgt, 22d Fld Hosp. Betz, John J., Jr. "1st Sgt Frank Copley: A Brown Shoe Army NCO Remembered." Army (Nov 1989): pp. 48-51. Per. How old hand impressed and oriented new 2d Lt, WWII. NCO .4 Cragg, Dan. The NCO Guide. Harrisburg, PA: Stackpole, 1986. 315 p. U123N6. D'Amato, John K. "Road to Professional Education Long, Rocky." NCO Jrnl (Spg 1992): pp. 20-21. Per. Ellis, William D., & Cunningham, Thomas J., Jr. Clarke of St. Vith: The Sergeants General. Cleveland, OH: Dillion/Liederbach, 1974. 344 p. U53C6E46. See Chap 16 and passim. Handbook and Manual for the Noncommissioned Officer. Wash, DC: Combat Forces Press, 1952. 297 p. U123H36. Hargreaves, Reginald. "N.C.O." Marine Corps Gaz (No 1, 1968): pp. 35-40. Per. Hood, Paul D., et al. Research on the Training of Noncommissioned Officers: A Summary Report of Pilot Studies. Human Resources Research Office, George Wash U, Dec 1965. 31 p. UB408.3H662. _________. Evaluation of Three Experimental Systems for Noncommissioned Officers: A Summary Report of Pilot Studies. Human Resources Research Office, George Wash U, Dec 1965. 31 p. Horchow, Reuben. "Classification Didn't Kill the Noncom." Inf Jrnl (Jun 1947): pp. 20-1. Per. Jendro, Wayne A. "What's Happened to the Non-Com?" Inf Jrnl (Mar 1947): pp. 19-23. Per. A 1 Sgt speaks out. Lange, Carl J., et al. Films and Group Discussions as a Means of Training Leaders. Reports, HROO, GWU, Mar 1956. 41 p. UB210L363. Mizer, Thomas J. Papers. 4 bxs. Arch. Corresp, per rcds, trng memos, etc., cover his WWII service as Master Sgt in antiaircraft trng ctrs & units, then as civilian employee for US Mil Govt, Ger. The NonCom's Guide. Harrisburg, PA: Stackpole, 1965. 479 p. U123N6. Puckett, David H. Memories. NY: Vantage, 1987. 145 p. DS556.4P83. Career NCO in Vietnam, 1/26 Inf, 1st Inf Div, 1966-67. NCO p.5 Showel, Morris. The Corrective Action Questionnaire: Development and Administration to Officers and NCO's. Report, HRRO, May 1966. 29 p. U408.3S56. U.S. Dept of Army. The Army Noncommissioned Officer Guide. Field Manual 22-600-20, Mar 1980. 52 p. FM. Warsinske, John. Company Command in Vietnam... Oral History Collections. Special Bib 26, Nov 1990. ca 250 p. Ref/Z6724H6U55no26. See Sec II, pp. 96-99. Weislogel, Robert L., & Flanagon, John C. The Job of the Combat Infantryman. Study, Operations Research Office, Apr 1954. 240 p. U166W45. Based on incident reports of Korean combat. See pp. 25-32 & 165-6. Zais, Melvin. "The New NCO." Army (May 1968): pp. 72-76. Per. New NCO candidate course. See also: - Vets Surveys, Arch USAMHI NCO RefBranch dv Feb 81 NOTE: APPOINTING NCOs THEN AND NOW In the "old days," the authority to appoint and promote noncommissioned officers lay within the regiment. The regimental commander appointed the NCOs of staff and band, and he also appointed the other sergeants and corporals on recommendation by company commanders. Captains of companies selected their own first sergeants from among the other sergeants without recourse to higher authority. (Source: US Army Regulations 1889, Para 232, 250-253 and 1825 Regs, Para 127.) NCOs on the post staff were appointed by the Sec of War, according to basic criteria described in Paras 91-96 of 1895 Regs. Para 257, same reg, permitted company commanders to appoint lance corporals with the regimental commander's approval. After World War I, AR 615-15 (13 Dec 1923) elevated the appointing authority for 1st Sgt to the regimental commander. Commanders of separate battalions and companies could appoint NCOs but the eligibility requirements became more stringent and included character, proficiency, seniority, competitive exams, etc. After WWII, Spec Reg 615-5-1, dated 21 Jul 1949 authorized commanders of regiments and equivalent organizations to promote NCOs (up to master Sgt) who were not already classified into career fields. (See also AR 615-5, 23 Sep 1946 & 21 Jul 1949.) AR 624-200, (31 May 1955) authorized company commander to appoint E3 and E4. Regimental commanders (or lt. cols. of separate organizations) could appoint E5-E7. Although, AR 624-200 (3 Jul 1962) allowed E8s & E9s to be appointed by commanders of regiments or separate bns, AR 600-200, (Mar 1965) provided E7 thru E9s will be promoted by HQ, DA. Field grade commanders only can appoint E5 & E6. Company commanders can appoint E2-E4. USAMHI NCO RefBranch nu Nov 84; dv Jun 90 "SHAKE & BAKE" NCOs A Working Bibliography of MHI Sources Slang for soldiers promoted to noncommissioned officer after 10-week course, Vietnam War era. See: Fisch, Arnold G., Jr. "The Evolution and Development of the NCO Corps Since 1775." Draft essay, CMH, Mar 1989. pp. 26-7. BibFile(NCO). Puckett, David H. Memories. NY: Vantage, 1987. pp. 54-55. DS556.4P83. Favorable commentary by old-line NCO. Rulh, Roger L. "NCOC." Infantry 59 (May-Jun 1969): pp. 33-39. Per. Williford, Edith V. "Would You Follow Him in Combat?" Army Digest (Aug 1969): pp. 23-25. Per (Soldiers). Zais, Melvin. "The New NCO." Army (May 1968): pp. 72-76. Per. USAMHI NCO RefBranch dv May 82; Oct 92 THE SERGEANT MAJOR A Note & Working Bibliography of MHI Sources The position of sergeant major predates the US Army, extending at least as far back as the 16th century British Army, when that title pertained to a field grade officer. Later, the British sergeant major reverted to noncommissioned status and in the 1880s became a warrant officer, which it remains. See: Campbell, E.S.N. A Dictionary of the Military Science. London: Baldwin and Cradock, 1830. p. 231. U24C21. Edwards, T.J. "The Sergeant-Major." Canadian Military Gazette (14 Jan 1930): pp. 4-5. Per/BibFile. Same in RUSI (1929), pp. 594-96. The sergeant major title and position have always been part of the noncommissioned officer structure of the US Army, but the present so- called supergrade E-9 did not appear until 1958. See: Farrow's Military Encyclopedia. Vol III. NY: Farrow, 1885. p. 51 RefColl. "The Reason Why." Army Info Digest (May 1965): p.21. Per(Soldiers). Details of the sergeant major's duties in the early 1900s appear in James A. Moss, Noncommissioned Officers' Manual (Mensha, WI: Banta, 1909; U123M92), pp. 61-64. For more recent descriptions of their functions, see the following articles, all written by sergeants major: Begg, Robert B. "Sergeants Major." Army (Jan 1966): pp. 37-39. Per. Gillis, John W. "The Command Sergeant Major." Armor (Mar-Apr 1979): pp. 30-32. Per. Williams, Bob L. "The Sergeant Major." Infantry (Sep-Oct 1969): pp. 16-19. Per. NCO p.2 And see these related sources: Clarke, Bruce C. "A British Sergeant Major as Walking Authority'." Army Times (23 Aug 82): p. 21. Per/MiscFile. Dobbs, John R. "They Major at Being Sergeants." Army 24 (Dec 1974): pp. 18-22. Per. LaVoie, John F. Papers. 3 bxs. Arch. Corresp & rpts cover his 1973-77 service as TRADOC's CSM. U.S. Army Sergeants Major Academy. Ultima Register, Class 1 Thru Class 29, 1973-1987. Fort Bliss, TX, 1 Sep 1987. Alphabetical listing of graduates w/ present addresses.