PHILIPPINES (File #2) Contents Philippine Insurrection, 1899-1902..........p.2 The Balangiga Affair, 1901-02...............p.8 Public Attitudes, Soldiers, PI, 1899-02.....p.11 US Units in PI, 1899-1913...................p.12 ............p.13 See also: philippines.3 USAMHI PI - Insurect RefBranch dv Oct 89 PHILIPPINE INSURRECTION, 1899-1902 A Working Bibliography Baclagon, Uldarico S. Philippine Campaigns. Manila: Graphic House, 1952. 388 p. DS671B3. Military opns from Spanish period through WWII from a Filipino viewpoint. See Chaps V & VI. Bain, David H. Sitting in Darkness: Americans in the Philippines. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin, 1984. 464 p. DS679B34. Author's personal odyssey--geographically and historically-- on Funston's 1901 capture of Aguinaldo. Barker, Stockbridge H. "Funston's Folly." Army 14 (Feb 1964): pp. 73-80. Per. Capture of Aguinaldo, 1901. Beifuss, Ron, ed. "Catbalogan, P.I.: The Letters of SGT Ray Hoover, 43rd Infantry." Military Images IV (Jan-Feb 1983): pp. 8-11. PhotoArch. Bolton, Grania. "Military Diplomacy and National Liberation: Insurgent-American Relations After the Fall of Manila." Military Affairs XXXVI (Oct 1972): pp. 99-104. Per. Burdett, Thomas F. "A New Evaluation of General Otis' Leadership in the Philippines." Military Review LV (Jan 1975): pp. 79-87. Per. Cerezo, Saturnino Martin. The Siege of Baler. Trans and ed by F.L. Dodds. Kansas City, MO: Hudson, 1909. 142 p. DS679C36. Clymer, Kenton J. "Not So Benevolent Assimilation: The Philippine- American War." Reviews in American History 11 (Dec 1983): pp. 547-552. Per. Covers the major historiography. Coats, George Yarrington. "The Philippine Constabulary: 1901-1907." PhD dss, Ohio State Univ, 1968. DS685C6. Cooper, Jerry. Citizens as Soldiers: A History of the North Dakota National Guard. Fargo, ND: North Dakota State Univ 1986. Chaps 2-3. UA380C66. Insurrection p.2 Davis, George W. Report on the Military Government of the City of Manila, P.I. from 1898 to 1901. Manila: HQ, U.S. Army Div of the Philippines, 1901. 457 p. DS689M2U58. Dominguez, Jorge I. "Responses to Occupations by the United States: Caliban's Dilemma." Pacific Historical Review XLVIII (Nov 1982): pp. 591-605. Per. Early, Gerald H. "The United States Army in the Philippine Insurrection, 1899-1902." MA thesis, U.S. Army Command and General Staff College, 1975. 134 p. DS682A18. Estey, T. Bruce. Views of the American Press on the Philippines. NY: Estey & Estey, 1899. 68 p. DS681.3E82. Faust, Karl Irving. Campaigning in the Philippines. San Francisco, CA: Hicks-Judd, 1899. 314 p. E726A1F27. Freeman, Needem N. A Soldier in the Philippines. NY: Neely, 1901. 106 p. DS679F86. Fritz, David Lawrence. "The Philippine Question: American Civil/ Military Policy in the Philippines, 1898-1905." PhD dss, Univ of TX, Austin, 1977. 755 p. (2 pts.) DS682A197v1-2. Gates, John M. "An Experiment in Benevolent Pacification: The U.S. Army in the Philippines, 1898-1902." PhD dss, Duke Univ, 1967. 399 p. DS679G37. _________. "Indians and Insurrectos: The U.S. Army's Experiences with Insurgency." Parameters 13 (Mar 1983): pp. 59-68. Per. Compares 19th & 20th century forms of counterinsurgent warfare. _________. "The Official Historian and the Well-Placed Critic: James A. Leroy's Assessment of John R.M. Taylor's The Philippine Insurrection Against the United States." Public Historian 7 (Summer 1985): pp. 57-67. Per. _________. "The Pacification of the Philippines, 1898-1902." Proceedings of the Ninth Military History Symposium, United States Air Force Academy. Wash, DC: GPO, 1980. pp. 79-91 & notes pp. 261-264. U7M5. Concise review of conflict, plus analyses & perspective. _________. Schoolbooks and Krags: The United States Army in the Philippines, 1898-1902. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1973. 315 p. DS679G38. _________. "War-Related Deaths in the Philippines, 1898-1902." Pacific Historical Review LIII (Aug 1984): pp. 367-378. Per. Insurrection p.3 Ginsburgh, Robert N. "Damn The Insurrectos!" Military Review XLIV (Jan 1964): pp. 58-70. Per. Graff, Henry F., ed. American Imperialism and the Philippine Insurrection: Testimony Taken From the Hearings on the Philippines - 1902. Boston: Little, Brown, 1969. 172 p. DS681.5U3G7. Choice selections from the voluminous hearings. Howland, Charles R. "The Philippine Insurrection of 1899: A Study." Infantry Journal XXX (Apr 1927): pp. 395-406. Per. Howze, Hamilton H. "The Rescue of Lieutenant Gillmore." Army 11 (Jun 1961): pp. 59-69. Per. Episode on Luzon, 1899. Jones, Harry W. A Chaplain's Experience Ashore and Afloat. NY: Sherwood, 1901. 300 p. E729J77. Karnow, Stanley. In Our Image: America's Empire in the Philippines. NY: Random House, 1989. 494 p. DS685K38. See Chap 5. LeRoy, James A. The Americans in the Philippines. 2 vols. NY: AMS, 1914, 1970. DS685L5862. Lininger, Clarence. The Best War at the Time. NY: Speller, 1964. 272 p. E181L64. Reminiscences of author's service. Linn, Brian M. "Provincial Pacification in the Philippines, 1900- 1901: The First District Department of Northern Luzon." Military Affairs 51 (Apr 1987): pp. 62-66. Per. Mabini, Apolinario. The Philippine Revolution. n.p., n.d. 72 p. DS678M112. May, Glenn A. "Filipino Resistance to American Occupation: Batangas 1899-1902." Pacific Historical Review 48 (Nov 1979): pp. 531- 556. Per. _________. "Why the United States Won the Philippine-American War, 1899-1902." Pacific Historical Review LII (Nov 1983): pp. 353- 377. Per. Incisive analysis of the war and an extended comparison with the Vietnam War. Insurrection p.4 Miller, Stuart C. "Benevolent Assimilation": The American Conquest of the Philippines, 1899-1903. New Haven: Yale Univ Press, 1982. 340 p. DS679M59. Study of military policy & conduct and, chiefly, American reactions. Mulrooney, Virginia F. "No Victor, No Vanquished: United States Military Government in the Philippine Islands, 1898-1901." PhD dss, Univ of CA, Los Angeles, 1975. 265 p. DS682M8. Owen, Norman G. "Winding Down the War in Albay, 1900-1903." Pacific Historical Review 48 (Nov 1979): pp. 557-589. Per. Philippine Information Society. Facts About the Philippines. Boston: The Society, Dec 1900-Sep 1901. DS651P55. Ten essays compiled from govt docs covering the Philippine Insurrection. Robinson, Albert G. The Philippines: The War and the People. NY: McClure, Philips, 1901. 407 p. DS685R65. Robinson, Michael C., and Schubert, Frank N. "David Fagen: An Afro- American Rebel in teh Philippines, 1899-1901." Pacific Historical Review XLIV (Feb 1975): pp. 68-83. Per. One of the few U.S. Army deserters who joined the Filipino forces. Roth, Russell. Muddy Glory: America's "Indian Wars" in the Philippines, 1899-1935. West Hanover, MA: Christopher, 1981. 281 p. DS685R74. Anecdotal and ragged. Salamanca, Bonifacio S. The Filipino Reaction to American Rule, 1900-1913. Hamden, CT: Shoe String Press, 1968. 310 p. DS685S2. Sarkesian, Sam C. America's Forgotten Wars: The Counter- revolutionary Past and Lessons for the Future. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1984. 266 p. E181S27. Argues that unconventional wars have been a consistent thread in Amer hist. Analyzes 4 conflicts: 2d Seminole War, Phil- Amer, Mex Punitive Expedition & Vietnam War. Severo, Richard, and Milford, Lewis. The Wages of War: When America's Soldiers Came Home - From Valley Forge to Vietnam. NY: Simon & Schuster, 1989. 495 p. UB37S48. Argues that social hostility toward veterans has always existed as a norm. See Chaps 13-14. Sexton, William Thaddeus. Soldiers in the Sun. Harrisburg, PA: Mil Ser Pub, 1939. 297 p. DS679S4. Insurrection p.5 Taylor, John R.M. "The Philippine Insurrection Against the United States: A Compilation of Documents with Notes and Introduction." 5 vols. Galley proofs, Wash, DC, 1906. (Various photocopy, typescript and print). DS679T23. Official history of the Bureau of Insular Affairs, U.S. War Dept, but never published by GPO. See also on microfilm, Roll 9, NARA Microcopy No 719. Privately pub in Philippines, 1971. _________. Report on the Organization for the Administration of Civil Government Instituted by Emilio Aguinaldo and his Followers in the Philippine Archipielago. Wash, DC: GPO, 1903. 101 p. DS679T2. Trussell, John B.B. "Pennsylvania Volunteers in the Spanish-American War." Military Collector & Historian XXXVIII (Fall 1986): pp. 99-109. Per. Some stayed on to participate in the campaigns of 1899-1902. U.S. Army. Div of Philippines. Rosters of Troops Serving in the Division...1900-1902. Manila: Adj Gen's Office, 1900-1902. 842 p. E725.3.9th.A3. Single bound vol of rosters of officers only, arranged by staff section and line units, for Mar 1900 (Div of Pacific & 8th Corps), Jul 1900, Jan & Oct 1902, Jan & Oct 1902. _________. Signal Corps. Military Telegraph and Telephone Offices, Philippine Islands Operated by United States Signal Corps. Manila, 1901. 20 p. UG603A52. U.S. Congress. Senate. Communications Between the Executive Departments of the Government and Aguinaldo. Wash, DC: GPO, 1900. 174 p. DS679U59. _________. Treaty With the Sultan of Sulu. Wash, DC: GPO, 1900. 111 p. DS688.59B32. _________. Protests Against American Civil Government in the Island of Cebu, Philippine Islands. Wash, DC: GPO, 1901. 49 p. DS688V7P96. _________. Charges of Cruelty, Etc., to the Natives of the Philippines. Wash, DC: GPO, 1902. 371 p. DS679A2U5. _________. Hearings Before the Committee on the Philippines of the United States Senate on Affairs in the Philippine Islands. 3 vols. Wash, DC: GPO, 1902. DS692.1U3. Insurrection p.6 U.S. War Dept. Letter from the Secretary of War, Transmitting, with Accompanying Documents: A Response to the Inquiry of the House in Relation to the Transport Service Between San Francisco and the Philippine Islands. Wash, DC: GPO, 1902. 809 p. UC323A55. _________. Adjutant General's Office. Army List and Directory. Wash, DC: GPO, 1900-1917. Identifies units stationed in P.I. _________. Correspondence Relating to the War with Spain...Including the Insurrection in the Philippine Islands.... Vol II. Wash, DC: GPO, 1902. pp. 893-1357. E725U53v2. Index included in vol. _________. Bureau of Insular Affairs. A Pronouncind Gazateer and Geographical Dictionary of the Philippine Islands and the Law of Civil Government Passed by Congress and Approved by the President. Wash, DC: GPO, 1902. 264 p. DS654A5. _________. Compilation of Philippine Insurgent Records: Telegraphic Corresponce of Emilio Aguinaldo, July 15, 1898 to Februry 28, 1899, Annotates. Wash, DC: GPO, 1903. 48 p. DS679U58. Welch, Richard E., Jr. "American Atrocities in the Philippines: The Indictment and the Response." Pacific Historical Review XLIII (May 1974): pp. 233-253. Per. _________. Response to Imperialism: The United States and the Philippine-American War, 1899-1902. Chapel Hill: Univ of NC Press, 1979. 215 p. E721W4. Weed, Frederic Augustus. "The Origins of the Philippine Insurrection Against the United States." MA thesis, Columbia Univ, 1941. 122 p. DS679W41. Wolff, Leon. Little Brown Bother: America's Forgotten Bid for Empire Which Cost 250,000 Lives. Manila: Ehrewon, 1961-1968. 383 p. DS6982A29. USAMHI PI-Insurrection RefBranch js 1970, dv May 88 NOTE: THE BALANGIGA AFFAIR, 1901-1902 On 28 Sep 1901, the supposedly friendly villagers of Balangiga, Samar, in the Philippine Islands, launched a sudden surprise attack on the U.S. Army garrison and virtually wiped out Company C, 9th Infantry. Reaction included actions that seemed to represent illegal vengeance and resulted in the courts martial of two commanders on Samar. Brig Gen Jacob Smith, USA and Major Littleton Waller, USMC, underwent separate courts martial for their roles in the suppressive campaign of Nov 1901-Jan 192, specifically the murder of 11 native guides and the practicing of torture. Smith commanded the Sixth Separate Brigade, which included a battalion of Marines under Waller. At their trials both officers maintained that they had followed orders. Waller's court martial acquitted him but Smith's found him guilty, for which he was admonished and retired from the service. Sources: Army & Navy Journal (11 Feb 1911): pp. 689-690. Per. "Jacob Smith in Samoa." Army and Navy Register (12 Oct 1901): editorial. Per. Brown, Fred R. History of the Ninth Infantry, 1799-1909. Chicago: Donnelley, 1909. 859 p. 603-9-19-09, UHRm. Filiberti, Edward J. "The Roots of US Counterinsurgency Doctrine." Military Review LXVIII (Jan 1988): pp. 50-61. Per. Fritz, David L. "Before the 'Howling Wilderness'": The Military Career of Jacob Hurd Smith, 1862-1902." Military Affairs 43 (Dec 1979): pp. 186-190. Per. _________. The Philippine Question: American Civil/Military Policy in the Philippines, 1898-1905. 2 vols. Thesis, Univ of TX, Austin, 1977. DS682A197. See esp Vol 1, Chap. VII. Gates, John Morgan. Schoolbooks and Krags: The United States Army in the Philippines, 1898-1902. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1973. 315 p. DS679G38. See index. The Balangiga Affair, 1901-1902 p.2 Linn, Brian M. "The War in Luzon: U.S. Army Regional Counter- insurgency in the Philippine War, 1900-1902." PhD dss, Ohio State Univ, 1985. 384 p. DS681.7L56. Miller, Stuart G. "Our Mylai of 1900: Americans in the Philippine Insurrection." Transaction (Sep 1970): pp. 19-28. MiscFile. New York Times, Sep 1901-Apr 1902. MicroRm. See published indexes. Schott, Joseph L. The Ordeal of Samar. Indianapolis: Bobbs- Merrill, 1964. 302 p. DS682A2S25. Stanley, Peter W., ed. Reappraising an Empire: New Perspectives on Philippine-American History. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ Press, 1984. 407 p. E183.8P5R4. See Chap 1, 2, & 6. Taylor, James P., ed. The Massacre of Balangiga: Being an Authentic Account by Several of the Few Survivors. Joplin, MO: McCarn, 1931. 109 p. DS682B25T39. Thomas, Lowell. Woodfill of the Regulars: A True Story of Adventure from the Arctic to the Argonne. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, Doran, 1929. Chap IV. U53W65T5. U.S. Military Academy. Dept of History. History of Revolutionary Warfare. Vol I. Chap 4. Text material, 1967-1977. U719U543v1. U.S. War Dept. Annual Reports of the War Department for the Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 1902. Vol IX: Report of the Lieutenant- General Commanding the Army and Department Commanders. Wash, DC: GPO, 1902. UA24A1.1902v9. MG Adna Chaffee's coverage of Samar, pp. 188-89, include his instructions to Gen Smith; pp. 206-215 include "Orders and Circulars Issued by GENs Jacob H. Smith & Frederick D. Grant Bearing on the Policy and Conduct of Operations in Samar;" pp. 216-225 are "Correspondence Growing Out of Action of BG Jacob H. Smith Closing the Ports on the East Coast of Leyte, Oct-Dec 1901;" and pp. 415-476 contain "Reports of Operations in the Sixth Separate Brigade." _________. General Order 80, 16 Jul 1902. 4 p. LevA. Annoucement of GEN Smith's court martial results and related documents. _________. Report of the Secretary of War, 1902. Wash, DC: GPO, 1903. pp. 188, 206-215, 416-17, and 438-466. UA24A145. The Balangiga Affair, 1901-1902 p.3 Young, Kenneth R. "Guerrilla Warfare: Balangiga Revisited." Leyte- Samar Studies XI (No. 1, 1977): pp. 21-31. Per. MiscFile. USAMHI PI - Insurrect RefBranch dv 1979 NOTE: PUBLIC ATTITUDES TOWARD SOLDIERS SERVING IN PHILIPPINES, 1899-1902 A search in our holdings did not locate any study or article dealing specifically with public attitudes towards veterans of the Philippine campaigns. Some pertinent information and inferences can be drawn from the following sources: Freidel, Frank. "Dissent in the Spanish-American War and the Philippine Insurrection." In Dissent in Three American Wars. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ Press, 1970. pp. 67-95. E183M87. Gift, R. Jay. "Attitudes of the State Volunteer Soldiers Who Fought in the Philippines During the Spanish-American War and the Philippine Insurrection in 1898-1899." MA thesis, Shippensburg State College, 1976. 88 p. DS682A2. Schirmer, Daniel B. Republic or Empire: American Resistance to the Philippine War. Cambridge, MA: Schenkman Pub, 1972. 298 p. E721S3. Schott, Joseph L. The Ordeal of Samar. Indianapolis: Bobbs- Merrill, 1964. 302 p. DS682A1S25. 1901 massacre at Balangiga and aftermath. USAMHI Philippines - RefBranch dv Jun 80 US UNITS IN PHILIPPINES, 1899-1913 A Working Bibliography U.S. Army. Div of the Philippines. Adj Gen's Off. Alphabetical List of Officres Serving in the Division: Stations of Troops and List of Garrisoned Towns. Manila, Jun-Dec 1903. UA27P5A2. Monthly reports from Philippines each incl 4-page station list. _________. Roster and Directory, United States Troops Serving in the Philippines Division; Stations of Troops and List of Garrisoned Towns. Manila, 1904-1913. UA27P5A2. See 2-page station list each monthly report. U.S. War Dept. Adj Gen's Off. Circular Showing the Distribution of Troops of the Line of the United States Army, January 1, 1866, to June 30, 1909. Wash, DC: 1 Jul 1909. 69 p. UA25A2. See pp. 56-69. _________. Annual Reports, 1902. Vol I. Wash, DC, 1 Dec 1902. UA24A1. Report of Adj Gen, pp. 304-314, gives dates of insular service of line troops, Jun 1898 to Oct 1902.