TRAINING #5 Contents Basic Recruit Training......................p.2 Training Costs, Indiv Soldier, 1974.........p.12 ........p.13 See also: USAMHI Trng - Basic RefBranch js 81, dv 81 & 90 BASIC RECRUIT TRAINING A Working Bibliography & Notes Contents Gen/Misc..................................p.1 Revolutionary War.........................p.1 1783-1860.................................p.2 Civil War.................................p.3 Indian Wars (1865-1890)...................p.5 1890-1916.................................p.5 World War I...............................p.6 Interwar..................................p.6 World War II..............................p.7 Korean War................................p.8 Cold War (1948-1965)......................p.8 Vietnam War...............................p.9 Since 1972................................p.10 GEN/MISC Kreidberg, Marvin A., and Henry, Merton G. History of Military Mobilization in the United States Army. Dept of Army Pam No 20- 212, Nov 1955. 721 p. Pam/UA913K73. Weinert, Dick. "Historical Background of One Station Training." Draft study, TRADOC, 1980? 18 p. MiscFile(Trng). See also: - Maneuvers (Trng- ) - Lesson Learning REVOLUTIONARY WAR Bolton, Charles K. The Private Soldier Under Washington. NY: Scribner's, 1902. 258 p. E255B69. See Chap I for marginal info. Basic Training p.2 Montross, Lynn. Rag, Tag and Bobtail. NY: Harper, 1952. 519 p. E255M66. See pp. 39-41 & 269-272. Palmer, John McAuley. General Von Steuben. New Haven: Yale UP, 1937. 434 p. E207S8P3. See Chap XXIII, "The Whole Army at Drill." Peterson, Harold L. The Book of the Continental Soldier. Harrisburg, PA: Stackpole, 1968. 287 p. UC263P43, RefColl. See pp. 18-20. Steuben, Frederick von. Regulations for the Order and Discipline of the Troops of the United States. Phila: Cist, 1779. 73 p. UB501-1799-A22, RareBk. And other eds, incl facsimile reprint. Trussell, John B.B., Jr. Birthplace of an Army: A Study of the Valley Forge Encampment. Harrisburg, PA: PA Hist & Museum Comm, 1976. 145 p. E234T712. See pp. 52-62 and other pages cited in the index under "training." Washington, George. The Writings of George Washington. 39 vols. Wash, DC: GPO, 1931-1944. E312.7. See general index vols. Wright, Robert K., Jr. The Continental Army. Wash, DC: CMH, 1983. 451 p. UA25W84. See index. See also: - Tactics, Pre-20th Cent - Steuben, Fred von - Drill Manuals 1783-1860 Coffman, Edward M. The Old Army: A Portrait of the American Army in Peacetime, 1784-1898. NY: Oxford UP, 1986. pp. 156ff. UA25C53. See index, too. Croghan, George. Army Life on the Western Frontier: Selections from the Official Reports Made Between 1826 and 1845. Ed by Francis Paul Prucha. Norman: UP of OK, 1958. 187 p. U766C72. Scattered ref at various posts. Basic Training p.3 Mansfield, Joseph K.F. Mansfield on the Condition of the Western Forts, 1853-54. Ed by Robert W. Frazer. Norman: UP of OK, 1963. 254 p. UA26A6M3. Scattered refs to trng at various posts. Utley, Robert M. Frontiersmen in Blue. NY: Macmillan, 1967. 384 p. E83.84U8. See pp. 41-42. CIVIL WAR Training of recruits and units was not standardized during the Civil War because the US War Dept developed no comprehensive training program. Initial training for volunteer units raised by the states was conducted by the states themselves, with considerable variation in quality and quantity. Units raised directly by the Federal Government, i.e., Regular Army, US Volunteers, and the US Colored Troops, received their initial instruction at designated camps of instruction. State-raised units were invited to these camps, but seldom attended. See: Gilham, William. Manual of Instruction for the Volunteers and Militia of the United States. Phila: Desilver, 1861. 743 p. U133G39. See Article III. Kreidberg, Marvin A., and Henry, Merton C. History of Military Mobilization in the United States Army, 1775-1945. Dept of Army Pam 20-212, 1955. pp. 119-123. Pam. Lord, Francis A. They Fought for the Union. Harrisburg, PA: Stackpole, 1960. 375 p. E491L89. Chap 2, pp. 20-38 surveys training of Federal volunteer soldier. Shannon, Fred Albert. The Organization and Administration of the Union Army, 1861-1865. 2 vols. Cleveland: Clark, 1928. 670 p. E491S52. See index Vol II. Upton, Emory. The Military Policy of the United States. Wash, DC: GPO, 1907. p. 427. UA23Up8. Wiley, Bell Irbin. The Life of Billy Yank: The Common Soldier of the Union. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1952. pp. 49-55. E607W49. Basic Training p.4 Training of the Confederate Army followed the same general pattern. One notable variation seems to have been the larger number of recruits who passed through the camps of instruction. These camps were intended to enroll, organize, and instruct the conscripted recruits before committing them to the field. However, the acute need for Southern manpower often resulted in very litle training. In fact, the camps were more like collecting points than training centers. See: Moore, Albert Burton. Conscription and Conflict in the Confederacy. NY: Macmillan, 1924. pp. 113-116. E545M82. U.S. War Dept. War of the Rebellion.... Series 4. Vol II, pp. 42-44, 77-78 & 163. Vol III, pp. 1176-1177. E464U6ser4v2&3. Other Civil War sources: Casey, Silas. Infantry Tactics.... 3 vols. NY: Van Nostrand, 1862. UD160A3. Frank, Joseph A., and Reaves, George A. "Seeing the Elephant': Raw Recruits at the Battle of Shiloh. NY: Greenwood, 1989. 215 p. E473.54F73. Analysis of attitudes & combat behavior in firsthand accounts of 400 participants. See pp. 25-28. Gilham, William. Manual of Instruction for the Volunteers and Militia of the Confederate States. Richmond, VA: West & Johnston, 1861. 559 p. U113.5G6. U.S. War Dept. Cavalry Tactics. 3 vols. Phila: Lippincott, 1862. UE160A3.1862.3v. _________. Board of Artillery Officers. Instruction for Field Artillery. Phila: Lippincott, 1861. 348 p. UF407A20. _________. A System of Target Practice.... Wash, DC: GPO, 1862. 48 p. UD333A2. Basic Training p.5 INDIAN WARS (1865-1890) Rickey, Don, Jr. Forty Miles a Day on Beans and Hay. Norman: UP of OK, 1963. 382 p. F594R5. See Chap 3, "The Recruit Depots and Introduction to Army Life," along with pp. 86-87 & 100-106. Utley, Robert M. Frontier Regulars. NY: Macmillan, 1973. 462 p. E83.866U87. See pp. 24-25. 1890-1916 Cosmas, Graham A. An Army for Empire: The United States Army in the Spanish-American War. Columbia, MO: MO UP, 1971. 334 p. E725.3C6. See pp. 42-44. Forsyth, George A. The Story of the Soldier. NY: Appleton, 1900. 389 p. E181F73. See pp. 86ff. U.S. Commission Appointed by the President to Investigate the Conduct of the War Department in the War with Spain. Report.... 8 vols. Wash, DC: GPO, 1900. E725U62. See, for example, the inspection reports on pp. 269ff, Vol I. Miller, Josiah B. "Background for 20th Century Training, 1899-1917." Study, OCMH, n.d. 129 p. U408M6. Wotherspoon, William Wallace. The Training of the Efficient Soldier. Reprinted from Annals of Amer Academy of Pol and Soc Sci (Jul 1905): pp. 149-160. U408W9. WORLD WAR I Baldwin, Fred Davis. "The American Enlisted Man in World War I." PhD dss, Princeton U, 1964. 253 p. U766B24. See pp. 97ff. Basic Training p.6 Coffman, Edward M. The War To End All Wars: The American Military Experience in World War I. NY: Oxford UP, 1968. 412 p. D570C6. Cee pp. 135-138 & 66-68. Gordon, W.H. "Study of the Training of New Regiments." Mimeo, AWC, 1913-14. 25 p. UD490G65. Hunt, Elvid. A Manual of Intensive Training of the Infantry Soldier.... Honolulu: Hawaiian Gazette, Jan 1916. 48 p. UD490H93. Morrison, John F. Training Infantry. Ft Leavenworth: US Cav Assn, 1914. 187 p. UD490M86. Moss, James A. Privates' Manual. Menasha, WS: Banta, 1916. 395 p. U113M91. See Chap I, "The Object and Advantages of Military Training." _________. Manual of Military Training. Menasha, WI: Banta, 1917. 666 p. U113M92. U.S. Army. AEF. GHQ. "Program of Training (First Phase) for U.S. Infantry Regiments Attached to French Divisions." Mimeo, 26 Mar 1918. 12 p. UD493A6. U.S. Army War College. Infantry Training. Wash, DC: GPO, 1917. 29 p. UD493A3. U.S. War Dept. War Plans Div. AWC. Infantry Training. Trng Circ No 5, Aug 1918. 24 p. UD493A31. _________. Provisional Infantry Training Manual, 1918. Trng Circ No 8, Aug 1918. 44 p. UD493A35. _________. "Intensive Basic Training of Infantry Recruits, Standard- ization and Test Methods." Trng Circ No 14. Mimeo, 8 May 1918. 7 p. UD490U5. _________. War Plans Div. Training Regulations for Depot Brigades. Trng Circ No 23, Sep 1918. 16 p. UD493A32. "Weekly Training Program for U.S. Army Units." Mimeo, n.p., n.d. 10 p. UD493A4. INTERWAR Basic Training p.7 WORLD WAR II Ellis, John. The Sharp End. NY: Scribner's, 1980. 396 p. D743E44. See Chap I, "Induction and Training." Kennett, Lee. G.I.: The American Soldier in World War II. NY: Scribner's, 1987. 265 p. D769.1K46. See Chap 3. Mallon, Francis B. Papers. Arch. CG of 4 separate inf replacement training ctrs, WWII. Palmer, Robert R, et al. The Procurement and Training of Ground Combat Troops. In USAWWII series. Wash, DC: Hist Div, Dept of Army, 1948. 696 p. D769A533v1pt2. See "The Training of Enlisted Replacements" by William R. Keast, pp. 365-428. U.S. Army. Special Staff. Hist Div. "Military Training in World War II (1939 to V-J Day)." 2 vols. Typescript, ca 1950. U408.3S45. See Sec II. U.S. Army Service Forces. "History of Military Training Reception Centers, Feb 1942-June 1944." Typescript photostat, n.d. 127 p. ASF-MTRC. U.S. War Dept. Infantry Training Program: Individual Training for Infantry Regiment and Armored Infatnry Regiment. Mobilization Trng Prog No 7-1, 12 Sep 1943. 68 p. MTP. _________. Military Training. Field Manual 21-5, 16 Jul 1941. 77 p. FM. Covers both individual and unit training. See also: - US Army Ground Forces, Hist Div, Studies of AGF. D769.1A51. Basic Training p.8 KOREAN WAR Thompson, John H. This Is Your Army. Chicago: Tribune Company, 1952. 104 p. UA26A6T536. Journalist's survey of 10 posts and their management of influx of inductees. Brief coverage (ca 6-8 p. each) of Forts Benning, Bragg, Bliss, Monroe, Sam Houston, Hood, Sill and Camps Stewart, Rucker, Breckinridge. U.S. Dept of Army. Military Training. FM 21-5, Sep 1950. FM. COLD WAR Leatherman, C.D. "U.S. Army Training Base (1945-1971): Review and Analysis of Training Concepts...." Dept of Army, 1971. pp. 29- 30. U393A5L4. U.S. Dept of Army. Military Training. FM 21-5, Aug 1959, and other eds. FM. U.S. Dept of Army. Army Training Programs (ATP's). Attic. For example: ATP 21-114, (Apr 1970) on training program for male military personnel without prior service. 22 p. And earlier eds of 1954, 1956, 1958, & 1961. ATP 7-18, (2 Apr 1968) on training program for the inf co. _________. Army Subject Schedules (ASubjScd's). Attic. For example: ASubjScd 7-11B10, (11 Apr 1966) on MOS technical training of the light weapons infantryman. VIETNAM WAR Collins, Arthur S., Jr. Common Sense Training: A Working Philosophy for Leaders. San Rafael, CA: Presidio, 1978. 225 p. U408.3C64. See esp Chap 3 and index of this analysis. Basic Training p.9 Hay, John H., Jr. Tactical and Materiel Innovations. In Vietnam Studies series. Wash, DC: Dept of Army, 1974. DS557.7S9H44. See index. Leatherman, C.D. "U.S. Army Training Base (1945-1971): Review and Analysis of Training Concepts..." Dept of Army, 1971. pp. 29- 30. U393A5L4. Moore, Harold G., and Tuten, Jeff M. Building a Volunteer Army: The Fort Ord Contribution. Wash, DC: Dept of Army, 1975. 139 p. U390.1M6. Official case study, incl much info on trng programs and concepts. See index. Petty, Carlisle R. "Don't Forget Nothing!...Lessons Learned- Vietnam." Army Digest 21 (Aug 1966): pp. 32-36. Per. Tauber, Peter. The Sunshine Soldiers. NY: Simon & Schuster, 1971. 262 p. U766T34. Anecdotal, firsthand account of basic training. U.S. Dept of Army. Military Training. Fm 21-5, Dec 1964. FM. _________. Army Training Programs (ATP's). Attic. For example: ATP 21-114, (Apr 1970) on training program for male military personnel without prior service. 22 p. And earlier eds of 1954, 1956, 1958, & 1961. ATP 7-18, (2 Apr 1968) on training program for the inf co. _________. Army Subject Schedules (ASubjScd's). Attic. For example: ASubjScd 7-11B10, (11 Apr 1966) on MOS technical training of the light weapons infantryman. _________. Training: Operations -- Lessons Learned. Pams 350-15 series, Nos 1-15, Oct 1966-Nov 1969. U742C66. Incls precursor pams of US CONARC 350-30 series, No 1-4, Oct 1965-Jul 1966. Digests comments of observers & cmdrs in VN. Indexes appear in DA Pams #3, #8 & 13. Weller, Jac. Fire and Movement: Bargain-Basement Warfare in the Far East. Crowell, 1967. 268 p. U20W4. See exp Chap 8. Basic Training p.10 SINCE 1972 U.S. Dept of Army. Soldier's Manual of Common Tasks. FM 21-2 (Test), Aug 1977. FM. USAMHI Trng-Basic RefBranch js Mar 1990 NOTE: COSTS OF TRAINING SOLDIER, 1974 Accession Costs: Recruiting $ 181 Medical 28 Travel 253 Clothing, etc 253 $ 715 Basic Combat Training 1,739 Advanced Combat Training 1,902 Leave Time, post-AIT 223 Total $4,579 (1974) Source: Data furnished by Mr. Henry Moy, Office of Comptroller, Pentagon.