WARFARE (File #5a) Contents Terminology of Unconventional Warfare/LIC...p.2 Anti-infiltration Techniques................p.5 ......p.8 See also: warfre5b USAMHI Warfare - Unconventional RefBranch dv Jul 90 NOTE: TERMINOLOGY OF UNCONVENTIONAL WARFARE/LIC 1. UNCONVENTIONAL WARFARE - conducted within hostile territory by predominantly indigenous forces and often supported by external sources. Considered to include these three interrelated aspects: 1 - Guerrilla Warfare, i.e., military & paramilitary operations. 2 - Evasion & Escape, i.e., movements. 3 - Subversion, i.e., undermining national strength and loyalty. Synonyms: Insurgent warfare Irregular warfare Revolutionary warfare Guerrilla warfare 2. GUERRILLA - engages in unconventional warfare. Appears in three varieties, viz, 1 - Partisan or patriotic (largely out of style and opportunity since the end of WWII. 2 - Insurgent or revolutionary (chiefly rural)... 3 - Urban terrorist (same as #2 above, but in different environment.) 3. RESISTANCE MOVEMENT - organized underground struggle within the civil population for national liberation from military occupation. 1 - UNDERGROUND - covert organization or network seeking to disrupt or overthrow an occupying military government. 2 - PARTISAN - guerrilla in a narrower sense than revolutionary or insurgent guerrilla). Usually seek to restore status quo... See Parkinson, p. 127. 4. LOW INTENSITY CONFLICT - encompasses all above. Terminology p.2 Furthermore ... note these distinctions & confusions... U.S. ARMY SPECIAL FORCES - specially trained and organized for unconventional warfare. SPECIAL FORCES - OSS personel organized into detachments and attached to armies in ETO during WWII; involved with resistance movements. SPECIAL SERVICE FORCE - Canadian-American unit of WWII, designed for special but conventional warfare. SPECIAL TROOPS - are attached or assigned to the headquarters of a division or higher unit to perform certain services. SPECIAL SERVICE - during WWII, meant non-service with troops, e.g., recruiting, industrial relations, etc. SPECIAL SERVICE(S) - recreational and educational activities of U.S. Army. SPECIAL OPERATIONS - have nothing to do necessarily with special forces; instead, are part of combined operations or require specialized troops. RANGERS - light infantry organized for conventional warfare, chiefly reconnaissance and quick-strike raids in enemy territory. COMMANDOS - British term for "Ranger." SOURCES: American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1969. RefColl. Hyams, Edward. A Dictionary of Modern Revolution. NY: Taplinger, 1973. RefColl. Mil Review (Nov 1984), p. 5. Per. Terminology p.3 Parkinson, Roger. The Encyclopedia of Modern War. NY: Stein & Day, 1977. RefColl. Quick, John. Dictionary of Weapons and Military Terms. NY: McGraw-Hill, 1973. RefColl. Taylor, Marjorie A. The Language of World War II. NY: Wilson, 1944 & 1948. RefColl. U.S. Dept of Army. Dictionary of United States Terms. AR 320-5, Apr 1965. RefColl. U.S. Dept of Def. Joint Chiefs of Staff. Publication No 1, 1979. JCS. U.S. War Dept. Dictionary of United States Army Terms. TM 20-205, Jan 1944. RefColl. USAMHI Warfare-Unconventional RefBranch js 1982 NOTE: ANTI-INFILTRATION TECHNIQUES Essentially, this involves countering unconventional forces, such as intelligence agents, spies, saboteurs, or special forces are dropped or inserted behind a front line, or when native resist- ance fighters, guerrillas, or partisans surface in the rear of an armed force. The Germans in WWII faced inserted agents of (OSS, SOE) and native resistance fighters in France, Russia, Italy, Greece, etc. The Japanese also faced guerrilla forces in the Philippines and Burma. Anti-infiltration techniques or tactics: 1. Use of outposts, including night listening posts, to protect weak areas between the strong redoubts. 2. Night illumination and use of infrared. 3. Organization of blocking units (e.g., German "sperrveband") against large infiltration units. 4. Air and ground surveillance, particularly of known drop zones. 5. Use of camouflage and deception during known periods of enemy air reconnaissance. 6. Increased security of key rear area facilities. 7. Harsh treatment of civilians collaborating with infiltrations, but not random brutality of entire local populaces. 8. Dissemination throughout the populace of descriptions of infil- trators and their techniques, with a reward system and network of informers. 9. Use of special identification devices to counter attempts to use friendly uniforms. 10. Booby trapping known drop zones or avenues of approach. 11. Use of war dogs. Anti-Infiltration Techniques p.2 12. Tight control of stragglers and refugees, among whom infil- trators mingle. 13. Use of friendly guerrilla forces or small mobile "hit squads" to seek out and destroy infiltrators. SOURCES Great Britain. Army. Middle East Forces. General Headquarters. Notes on the Development of Guerrilla Warfare in Europe. GHQ, Mar 1945. GB-ARMY-MEF-GWE. See Chap V, "German Anti-partisal Measures." U.S. Dept of Army. Operations Against Airborne Attack, Guerilla Action and Infiltration. FM 31-15, Jan 1953. FM. See esp. pp. 54-58 on planning and pp. 72-75 on actual operations. Against large air-dropped forces, see pp. 59-67, on antiairborne tactics. _________. Counterguerrilla Operations. FM 31-16, Feb 1963. FM. _________. German Antiguerrilla Operations in the Balkans, 1941- 1944. Pamphlet No. 20-243, Aug 1954. Pam. Friendly counterguerrilla forces were recruited and organized as the ethnic 7th SS Div and used to ferret out Greek partisans. "Prinz Eugena". _________. Operations Against Guerrilla Forces. FM 31-20, Feb 1951. FM. _________. Rear Area Security in Russia. Pamphlet No. 20-240, Jul 1951. Pams. Makes the point that partisan disruptions were much less effective in areas near German combat troops than in areas under occupation forces. The latter troops treated the populace much more harshly. See the conclusions on pp. 34- 39. Note especially the conclusion about the need for constant patrolling and for small, speedy motorized forces; also, the suggestion that the best defense of key rear areas is a good offense directed at the partisans' strongholds; also, that the rear security duties should be in the hands of well-trained troops, not aged or invalid soldiers. _________. Russian Combat Methods in World War II. Pamphlet No. 20-230, Nov 1950. Pam. See Chap 17. Anti-Infiltration Techniques p.3 _________. The Soviet Partisan Movement. Pamphlet No. 20-244, Aug 1956. See "Lessons Learned," pp. 211-213. See also: - "OSS" (Intell) - WWII-Resistance