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There are 2 messages totalling 65 lines in this issue.

Topics of the day:

  1. MODEL: Koenigstiger is coming
  2. CALL FOR PAPERS

----------------------------------------------------------------------

Date:    Sun, 2 May 1993 09:17:55 -0400
From:    Akira Takiguchi <akira@ATSON.ASAHI-NP.CO.JP>
Subject: MODEL: Koenigstiger is coming

     For plastic model enthusiasts, Tamiya will release a completely
new kit of King Tiger (aka Tiger II) into market this summer.  Watch
if it can beat Dragon's kit of Josef Stalin! 8-)
--
       Akira Takiguchi  at ATSON, Inc. (a subsidiary of the Asahi Shimbun)
                   WAKO GINZA bldg.  8-10-4 Ginza Chuo-ku Tokyo 104  Japan
   +81 3 3289 7051(voice) 7066(fax)  EMAIL TO <akira@atson.asahi-np.co.jp>

------------------------------

Date:    Sun, 2 May 1993 19:35:28 -0700
From:    Hugh Bartling <BARTLING@NAUVAX.BITNET>
Subject: CALL FOR PAPERS

                         CALL FOR PAPERS

IMAGES OF THE ENVIRONMENT: EVOLVING PERSPECTIVES OF THE GLOBAL
COMMONS

Interdisciplinary Graduate/Faculty Symposium

November 5 & 6, 1993

The Graduate Students of Northern Arizona University invite
students and faculty to attend the Third Annual NAU Graduate
Student Interdisciplinary Symposium.  We encourage graduate
students and faculty from all academic disciplines to present
papers that address issues pertaining to the environment.

Possible Topic Areas:
     Global Environmental Issues
     Environment and Behavior
     Environment and Trade
     Environmental Literature
     Environmental Protection
     Environmental Policy
     Environmental Planning
     Environmental Racism
     Environmental Groups in Politics
     Women and the Environment
     Land Conservation
     Water Issues

Abstracts are due July 16, 1993

For further information, please contact:

Andy Harper or Hugh Bartling
Department of History
Northern Arizona University
Box 6023
Flagstaff, Arizona 86011
(602) 523-6167

E-Mail: Bartling@nauvax.ucc.nau.edu
        Harper@Nauvax.ucc.nau.edu

Please feel free to forward this message to any interested parties.

------------------------------

End of WWII-L Digest - 1 May 1993 to 2 May 1993
***********************************************

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Status: O

There are 8 messages totalling 1240 lines in this issue.

Topics of the day:

  1. Philippine Funeral
  2. Memphis Belle Museum
  3. OVERLORD Digest
  4. Directive to Eisenhower
  5. Festung Europa: March '42
  6. Festung Europa: Nov., '43
  7. Axis Force Distribution, 6 June, '44
  8. L O C I S

----------------------------------------------------------------------

Date:    Mon, 3 May 1993 01:55:15 -0400
From:    Lydia Fish <FISHLM@SNYBUFVA.BITNET>
Subject: Philippine Funeral

Forwarded from vwar-l@ubvm

**************************************************************************
Subj:   Old Glory
Date: 03 May 1993 14:38:00 -0500 (EST)
From: PAT RICHARDSON <RICHARDSON@CLGWPDET.YOKO.MRMS.NAVY.MIL>

The drive between Subic Bay Naval Base and the San Miguel housing area
usually took about 45 minutes give or take.  I used to love the commute
though others usually complained about it and made the same run in about
25 white knuckled minutes.  I always saw something different, uniquely
Philippine during the trip, drove at about 35 to 50 MPH, a relatively
safe speed for a rural two lane road constantly in need of repair and
clogged with pedestrian, bicycle, tricycle (50cc honda with sidecar
attached, Philippine cyclo's), bus, truck and caribou traffic, often
used as a basketball court between passing vehicles, and the preferred
surface for drying rice prior to milling off the husks.  I guess my
'slow down and smell the roses' attitude comes with comfortable ageing,
but God I do love Asia and try to savor every day.

On this particular day sometime in 1989 or so, (don't digest this stuff
so have to rely on ever fading memory), on a Saturday I believe, I was
nursing my '70 Vdub bus through the tour, out the Kalakalan gate, past
the graveyard (any old WESTPACers out there remember this?), through
Barrio Barretto, (bars for the retiree's and mellow folks, a stark contrast
to the blaring disco's on Maksaysay street in Olongapo City), then through
Matain and Subic City (famous in it's own right), on up the grade through
a small pass where a 50 foot high Virgin Mary whose right foot stands on
a snake, remains ever vigilant, she's nicknamed "Our Mother of the
Garbage Dump", because sadly, she overlooks a common dumping site, then
on through a few easy turns, where I spotted a small procession on my side
of the road.  I slowed down to overtake them.

It was a small funeral procession.  An old dilapidated Caribou cart creaked
along with five old men, two walking on either side and one leading the old
buffalo.  They were poor and dressed as farmers, T-shirts, cut off pants and
shower clogs for shoes.  Their backs were permanently bent from untold seasons
of planting rice. Their faces were dark and creased with lines and white hair
bristled from beneath their straw hats, with determination and pride in their
step, they ambled on.  It was a long way to the cemetery and already hot in
the morning sun.  As I slowly passed I glimpsed within the cart the end of
a rough pine home made coffin.  It was draped with an American not Filipino
Flag.  The final honor to their comrade in arms, fallen now, not to hostile
fire, but to our common enemy to which we all must some day succumb.  I pulled
off the road some 50 feet or so ahead and got out of the van.

I've passed many a funeral procession in the P.I..  Four or five in some weeks.
Most often they are noisy affairs with brass band and sometimes hundreds of
family and mourners walking behind a station wagon converted into a hurst.
Passengers in passing cars drop coins on the street to the surviving family
out of respect for the living more than for the dead.  The reception after
a funeral can be very costly.  I've never stopped for a funeral before.

I remember watching their slow approach, and they watching me in return.
What hero's tales over cold beer and tuba (coconut milk fermented for about
three days), these men must of shared.  Perhaps survivor's from the horrible
march of death from Bataan to Tarlac, some 130 miles under the blistering
Philippine sun after the numbing siege at Corrigador.  Fearing, but at home
in the jungles of the Philippines they defended their country and our's, but
that American flag bore testimony to their final allegiance and touched my
heart.  Their friend's and allies, the Americans, now gone.  They were smiling
and their eyes were gleaming when they passed me, I bowed my head and whispered
a prayer, "rest in peace now old soldier, you have stood your watch, now is
time for you to rest, God bless".  I pressed a hundred peso note into the hand
of the last man, his touch dry and leathery, "buy cold beer for the boy's" I
said as his hand hesitated, he didn't want to let go, a slight squeeze, "Thank
you" he said and they marched on.  I was a hot morning, and a long way to the
cemetery.

Pat Richardson

------------------------------

Date:    Mon, 3 May 1993 07:54:15 EDT
From:    "AD16000@NEMOMUS.BITNET. --Scherrer,
         Tim A." <AD16%NEMOMUS.BITNET@MIZZOU1.MISSOURI.EDU>
Subject: Memphis Belle Museum

On May 8-9, the Memphis Belle Museum is having the 50th Celebration of
the Memphis Belle.  It is located on the Mud Flats along the Mississippi
river.  I am not sure what the 50th celebration is for--maybe 50th
Anniversary of the 25th mission.  Unfortunately, Bob Morgan, pilot of
the Belle, will be in Europe.

I found out about it through some WWII reenactors who've formed an
organization to provide displays with WWII aircraft.  They are going to
be the Memphis Belle "aircrew" for the weekend, in proper flight gear.

You now know all the details I know about the Celebration.  For further
information, I suggest you call the Memphis Belle Museum in Memphis.

Tim

************************************************************************
*  Tim A. Scherrer          "You'll be fighting WWII for the rest of   *
*  Facilities Supervisor     your life", Ron Scherrer, 1971            *
*  WP:816-785-5253                                                     *
*  HP:816-665-6704                                                     *
*  ID# AD16%NEMOMUS@ACADEMIC.NEMOSTATE.EDU                             *
************************************************************************

------------------------------

Date:    Mon, 3 May 1993 14:04:16 EST
From:    Larry Jewell <jewell@MACE.CC.PURDUE.EDU>
Subject: OVERLORD Digest

UNITED STATES ARMY IN WORLD WAR II: The European Theater of
Operations, CROSS CHANNEL ATTACK, by Gordon A. Harrison, Office
of the Chief of Military History, Department of the Army,
Washington, D.C., 1951

(1)DIGEST OF OPERATION "OVERLORD"

1.  The object of Operation "Overlord" is to mount and carry out
an operation, with forces and equipment established in the
United Kingdom, and with target date the 1st May, 1944, to
secure a lodgment on the Continent from which further offensive
operations can be developed. The lodgment area must contain
sufficient port facilities to maintain a force of some twenty-
six to thirty divisions, and enable that force to be augmented
by follow-up shipments from the United States or elsewhere of
additional divisions and supporting units at the rate of three
to five divisions per month.

    Selection of a Lodgment Area.

2.  In order to provide sufficient port facilities to maintain
these large forces, it will be necessary to select a lodgment
area which includes a group of major ports.  We must plan on the
assumption that ports, on capture, will be seriously damaged and
probably blocked.  It will take some time to restore normal
facilities.  We shall thus be forced to rely on maintenance
over beaches for an extended period.

3.  A study of the beaches on the Belgian and Channel coasts
shows that the beaches with the highest capacity for passing
vehicles and stores inland are those in the Pas de Calais, and
the Caen-Cotentin  area.  Of these, the Caen beaches are the
most favorable, as they are, unlike the others, sheltered from
the prevailing winds.  Naval and air considerations point to the
area between the Pas de Calais and the Cotentin as the most
suitable for the initial landing, air factors of optimum air
support and rapid provision of airfields indicating the Pas de
Calais as the best choice, with Caen as an acceptable
alternative.

4.  Thus, taking beach capacity and air and naval considerations
together, it appears that either the Pas de Calais area or the
Caen-Cotentin area is the most suitable for the initial main
landing.

5.  As the area for the initial landing, the Pas de Calais has
many obvious advantages such that good air support and quick
turn round for our shipping can be achieved.  On the other hand,
it is a focal point of the enemy fighters disposed for defense,
and maximum enemy air activity can be brought to bear over this
area with the minimum movement of his air forces.  Moreover, the
Pas de Calais is the most strongly defended area on the whole
French coast.  The defenses would require very heavy and
sustained bombardment from sea and air: penetration would be
slow, and the result of the bombardment of beach exits would
severely limit the rate of build-up.  Further, this area does
not offer good opportunities for expansion. It would be
necessary to develop the bridgehead to include either the
Belgian ports as far as Antwerp or the Channel ports Westwards
to include Havre and Rouen. But both an advance to Antwerp
across the numerous water obstacles, and a long flank march of
some 120 miles to the Seine ports must be considered unsound
operations of war unless the German forces are in a state not
far short of final collapse.

6. In the Caen-Cotentin area it would be possible to make our
initial landing either partly on the Cotentin Peninsula and
partly on the Caen beaches, wholly in the Cotentin or wholly on
the Caen beaches.  An attack with part of our forces in the
Cotentin and part on the Caen beaches, is, however, considered
to be unsound.  It would entail dividing our limited forces by
the low-lying marshy ground and intricate river system at the
neck of the Cotentin Peninsula; thus exposing them to defeat in
detail.

7.  An attack against the Cotentin Peninsula, on the other hand,
has a reasonable chance of success, and would ensure the early
capture of the port of Cherbourg. Unfortunately, very few
airfields exist in the Cotentin, and that area is not suitable
for rapid airfield development.  Furthermore, the narrow neck of
the Peninsula would give the Germans an easy task in preventing
us from breaking out and expanding our initial bridge head.
Moreover, during the period of our consolidation in the Cotentin
the Germans would have time to reinforce their coastal troops is
the Caen area, rendering a subsequent amphibious assault in that
area much more difficult.

8.  There remains the attack on the Caen beaches. The Caen
sector is weakly held; the defenses are relatively light and the
beaches are of high capacity and sheltered from the prevailing
winds.  Inland the terrain is suitable for airfield development
and for the consolidation of the initial bridgehead; and much of
it is unfavorable for counter-attacks by panzer divisions.
Maximum enemy air opposition can only be brought to bear at the
expense of the enemy air defense screen covering the approaches
to Germany; and the limited number of enemy airfields within
range of the Caen area facilitates local neutralization of the
German fighter force.  The sector suffers from the disadvantage
that considerable effort will be required to provide adequate
air support to our assault forces and some time must elapse
before the capture of a major port.

After a landing in the Caen sector it would be necessary to
seize either the  Seine group of ports or the Brittany group of
ports.  To seize the Seine ports would entail forcing a crossing
of the Seine, which is likely to require greater forces than we
can build up through the Caen beaches and the port of Cherbourg.
It should, however, be possible to seize the Brittany ports
between Cherbourg and Nantes and on them build up sufficient
forces for our final advance Eastwards.

Provided that the necessary air situation can first be achieved,
the chances of a successful attack and of rapid subsequent
development are so much greater in this sector than in any other
that it is considered that the advantages far outweigh the
disadvantages.

    The Lodgment Area Selected.

9.  In the light of these factors, it is considered that our
initial landing on the Continent should be effected in the Caen
area, with a view to the eventual seizure of a lodgment area
comprising the Cherbourg-Brittany group of ports (from Cherbourg
to Nantes).

  Opening Phase up to the Capture of Cherbourg.

10. The opening phase in the seizing of this lodgment area would
be the effecting of a landing in the Caen sector with a view to
the early capture and development of airfield sites in the Caen
area, and of the port of Cherbourg.

11.  The main limiting factors affecting such as operation are
the possibility of attaining the necessary air situation; the
number of offensive divisions which the enemy can make available
for counter attack in the Caen area; the availability of landing
ships and craft and of transport aircraft; and the capacity of
the beaches and ports in the sector.

12.  Although the strength of the G.A.F. available in 1944 on
the Western front cannot be forecast at this stage, we can
confidently expect that we shall have a vast numerical
superiority in bomber forces.  The first-line strength of the
German fighter force is, however, showing a steady increase and
although it is unlikely to equal the size of the force at our
disposal, there is no doubt that our fighters will have a very
large commitment entailing dispersal and operations at maximum
intensity.  Our fighters will also be operating under serious
tactical disadvantages in the early stages, which will largely
offset their numerical superiority.  Before the assault takes
place, therefore, it will be necessary to reduce the
effectiveness of the G.A.F., particularly that part which can be
brought to bear against the Caen area.

13.  The necessary air situation to ensure a seasonable chance
of success will therefore require that the maximum number of
German fighter forces are contained in the Low Countries and
North-West Germany, that the effectiveness of the fighter
defense in the Caen area is reduced and that air reinforcements
are prevented from arriving in the early stages from the
Mediterranean.  Above all, it will be necessary to reduce the
overall strength of the German fighter force between now and the
date of the operation by destruction of the sources of supply,
by the infliction of casualties by bringing on air battles, and,
immediately prior to the assault, by the disorganization of
G.A.F. installations and control system in the Caen area.

14.  As it is impossible to forecast with any accuracy the
number and location of German formations in reserve in 1944,
while, on the other hand, the forces available to us have been
laid down, an attempt has been made in this paper to determine
the wisest employment of our own forces and then to determine
the maximum number of German formations which they can
reasonably overcome.  Apart from the air situation, which is an
over-riding factor, the practicability of this plan will depend
principally on the number, effectiveness, and availability of
German divisions present in France and the Low Countries in
relation to our own capabilities.  This consideration is
discussed below (paragraph 35).

15.  A maximum of thirty and a minimum of twenty-six equivalent
divisions are likely to be available in the United Kingdom for
cross-Channel operations on the 1st May 1944.  Further build-up
can be at the rate of three to five divisions per month.

16.  Landing ships and craft have been provided to lift the
equivalent of three assault divisions and two follow-up
divisions, without "overheads," and it has been assumed that the
equivalent of an additional two divisions can be afloat in
ships.

17.  Airborne forces amounting to two airborne divisions and
some five or six parachute regiments will be available, but,
largely owing to shortage of transport aircraft, it is only
possible to lift the equivalent of two-thirds of one airborne
division simultaneously, on the basis of present forecasts.

18.  Even if additional landing ships and craft could be made
available, the beaches in the Caen area would preclude the
landing of forces greater than the equivalent of the three
assault and two follow-up divisions, for which craft have
already been provided.  Nevertheless, an all-round increase of
at least 10 per cent. in landing ships and craft is highly
desirable in order to provide a greater margin for contingencies
within the framework of the existing plan.  Furthermore,
sufficient lift for a further assault division could most
usefully be employed in an additional landing on other beaches.

19.  There is no port of any capacity within the sector although
there are a number of small ports of limited value.  Maintenance
will, therefore, of necessity be largely over the beaches until
it is possible to capture and open up the port of Cherbourg.  In
view of the possibilities of interruption by bad weather it will
be essential to provide early some form of improvised sheltered
waters.

20.  Assuming optimum weather conditions, it should be possible
to build up the force over the beaches to a total by D plus 6 of
the equivalent of some eleven divisions and five tank brigades
and thereafter to land one division a day until about D plus 24.

Proposed Plan.

Preliminary Phase.

21.  During the preliminary phase, which must start forthwith,
all possible means including air and sea action, propaganda,
political and economic pressure, and sabotage, must be
integrated into a combined offensive aimed at softening the
German resistance.  In particular, air action should be directed
towards the reduction of the German air forces on the Western
front, the progressive destruction of the German economic system
and the undermining of German morale.

22.  In order to contain the maximum German forces away from the
Caen area diversionary operations should be staged against other
areas such as the Pas de Calais and the Mediterranean Coast of
France.

Preparatory Phase.

23.  During this phase air action will be intensified against
the G.A.F., particularly in North-West France, with a view to
reducing the effectiveness of the G.A.F. in that area, and will
be extended to include attacks against communications more
directly associated with movement of German reserves which might
affect the Caen area.  Three naval assault forces will be
assembled with the naval escorts and loaded at ports along the
South Coast of England.  Two naval  assault forces carrying the
follow-up forces will also be assembled and loaded, one in the
Thames Estuary and one on the West Coast.

The Assault.

24.  After a very short air bombardment of the beach defenses
three assault divisions will be landed simultaneously on the
Caen beaches, followed up on D Day by the equivalent of two tank
brigades (United States regiments) and a brigade group (United
States regimental combat team).  At the same time, airborne
forces will be used to seize the town of Caen; and subsidiary
operations by commandos and possibly by airborne forces will be
undertaken to neutralize certain coast defenses and seize
certain important river crossings.  The object of the assault
forces will be to seize the general line Grandcamp-Bayeux-Caen.

Follow-up and Build-up Phase.

25.  Subsequent action will take the form of a strong thrust
Southwards and South-Westwards with a view to destroying enemy
forces, acquiring sites for airfields, and gaining depth for a
turning movement into the Cotentin Peninsula directed on
Cherbourg.  When sufficient depth has been gained a force will
advance into the Cotentin and seize Cherbourg.  At the same time
a thrust will be made to deepen the bridgehead South-Eastwards
in order to cover the construction and operation of additional
airfields in the area South-East of Caen.

26.  It is considered that, within fourteen days of the initial
assault, Cherbourg should be captured and the bridgehead
extended to include the general line Trouville-Alencon-Mont St.
Michel.  By this date, moreover, it should have been possible to
land some eighteen divisions and to have in operation about
fourteen airfields from which twenty-eight to thirty-three
fighter-type squadrons should be operating.

Further Developments after Capture of Cherbourg.

27.  After the capture of Cherbourg the Supreme Allied Commander
will have to decide whether to initiate operations to seize the
Seine ports or whether he must content himself with first
occupying the Brittany ports.  In this decision he will have to
be guided largely by the situation of the enemy forces.  If the
German resistance is sufficiently weak, an immediate advance
could be made to seize Havre and Rouen.  On the other hand, the
more probable situation is that the Germans will have retired
with the bulk of their forces to hold Paris and the line of the
Seine, where they can best be covered by their air forces from
North-East France and where they may possibly be reinforced by
formations from Russia.  Elsewhere they may move a few divisions
from Southern France to hold the crossings of the Loire and will
leave the existing defensive divisions in Brittany.

It will therefore most probably be necessary for us to seize the
Brittany ports first, in order to build up sufficient forces
with which we can eventually force the passage of the Seine.

28.  Under these circumstances, the most suitable plan would
appear to be to secure first the left flank and to gain
sufficient airfields for subsequent operations.  This would be
done by extending the bridgehead to the line of the River Eure
from Dreux to Rouen and thence along the line of the Seine to
the sea, seizing at the same time Chartres, Orleans and Tours.

29.  Under cover of these operations a force would be employed
in capturing the Brittany ports; the first step being a thrust
Southwards to seize Nantes and St. Nazaire, followed by
subsidiary operations to capture Brest and the various small
ports of the Brittany Peninsula.

3O.  This action would complete the occupation of our initial
lodgment area and would secure sufficient major ports for the
maintenance of at least thirty divisions.  As soon as the
organization of the L. of C. in this lodgment area allowed, and
sufficient air forces had been established, operations would
then be begun to force the line of the Seine, and to capture
Paris and the Seine ports.  As opportunity offered, subsidiary
action would also be taken to clear the Germans from the Biscay
ports to facilitate the entry of additional American troops and
the feeding of the French population.

Command and Control

31.  In carrying out Operation "Overlord" administrative control
would be greatly simplified if the principle were adopted that
the United States forces were normally on the right of the line
and the British and Canadian forces on the left.

Major Conditions Affecting Success of the Operation.

32.  It will be seen that the plan for the initial landing is
based on two main principles-concentration of force and tactical
surprise.  Concentration of the assault forces is considered
essential if we are to ensure adequate air support and if our
limited assault forces are to avoid defeat in detail.  An
attempt has been made to obtain tactical surprise by landing in
a lightly defended area-presumably lightly defended as, due to
its distance from a major port, the Germans consider a landing
there unlikely to be successful.  This action, of course,
presupposes that we can offset the absence of a port in the
initial stages by the provision of improvised sheltered waters.
It is believed that this can be accomplished.

33. The operation calls for a much higher standard of
performance on the part of the naval assault forces than any
previous operation.  This will depend upon their being formed in
sufficient time to permit of adequate training.

34.  Above all, it is essential that there should be an over-all
reduction in the German fighter force between now and the time
of the surface assault.  From now onwards every practical method
of achieving this end must be employed. This condition, above
all others, will dictate the date by which the amphibious
assault can be launched.

35.  The next condition is that the number of German offensive
divisions in reserve must not exceed a certain figure on the
target date if the operation is to have a reasonable chance of
success.  The German reserves in France and the Low Countries as
a whole, excluding divisions holding the coast, G.A.F. divisions
and training divisions, should not exceed on the day of the
assault twelve full-strength first-quality  divisions.  In
addition, the Germans should not be able to transfer more than
fifteen first-quality divisions from Russia during the first two
months.  Moreover, on the target date the divisions in reserve
should be so located that the number of first-quality divisions
which the Germans could deploy in the Caen area to support the
divisions holding the coast should not exceed three divisions on
D Day, five divisions on D plus 2, or nine divisions by D plus
8.

During the preliminary period, therefore, every effort must be
made to dissipate  and  divert  German  formations, lower their
fighting efficiency and disrupt communications.

36.  Finally, there is the question of maintenance.  Maintenance
will have to be carried out over beaches for a period of some
three months for a number of formations, varying from a maximum
of eighteen divisions in the first month to twelve divisions in
the second month, rapidly diminishing to nil in the third month.
Unless  adequate  measures are taken to provide sheltered waters
by artificial means, the operation will be at the mercy of the
weather.  Moreover, special facilities and equipment will be
required to prevent undue damage to craft during this extended
period.  Immediate action for the provision of the necessary
requirements is essential.

37.  Given these conditions-a reduced G.A.F., a limitation in
the number or effectiveness of German offensive formations in
France, and adequate arrangements to provide improvised
sheltered waters-it is considered that Operation "Overlord" has
a reasonable prospect of success. To ensure these conditions
being attained by the 1st May, 1944, action must start now and
every possible effort made by all means in our power to soften
German resistance and to speed up our own preparations.

Offices of the War Cabinet, S.W. 1, 30th July, 1943

------------------------------

Date:    Mon, 3 May 1993 14:05:09 EST
From:    Larry Jewell <jewell@MACE.CC.PURDUE.EDU>
Subject: Directive to Eisenhower

UNITED STATES ARMY IN WORLD WAR II: The European Theater of
Operations, CROSS CHANNEL ATTACK, by Gordon A. Harrison, Office
of the Chief of Military History, Department of the Army,
Washington, D.C., 1951

(2) DIRECTIVE TO SUPREME COMMANDER, ALLIED EXPEDITIONARY FORCE

1. You are hereby designated as Supreme Allied Commander of the
forces placed under your orders for operations for liberation of
Europe from Germans. Your title will be Supreme Commander Allied
Expeditionary Force.

2.  Task.  You will enter the continent of Europe and, in
conjunction with the other United Nations, undertake operations
aimed at the heart of Germany and the destruction of her armed
forces.  The date for entering the Continent is the month of
May, 1944.  After adequate channel ports have been secured,
exploitation will be directed towards securing an area that will
facilitate both ground and air operations against the enemy.

3.  Notwithstanding the target date above you will be prepared
at any time to take immediate advantage of favorable
circumstances, such as withdrawal by the enemy on your front, to
effect a reentry into the Continent with such forces as you have
available at the time; a general plan for this operation when
approved will be furnished for your assistance.

4.  Command.  You are responsible to the Combined Chiefs of
Staff and will exercise command generally in accordance with the
diagram at Appendix.  Direct communication with the United
States and British Chiefs of Staff is authorized in the interest
of facilitating your operations and for arranging necessary
logistical support.

5.  Logistics.  In the United Kingdom the responsibility for
logistics organization, concentration, movement and supply of
forces to meet the requirements of your plan will rest with
British Service Ministries so far as British Forces are
concerned.  So far as United States Forces are concerned, this
responsibility will rest with the United States War and Navy
Departments.  You will also be responsible for coordinating the
requirements of British and United States Forces under your
command.

6.  Coordination of operations of other Forces and Agencies.  In
preparation for your assault on enemy occupied Europe, Sea and
Air Forces agencies of sabotage, subversion and propaganda,
acting under a variety of authorities are now in action.  You
may recommend any variation in these activities which may seem
to you desirable.

7.  Relationship with United Nations Forces in other areas.
Responsibility will rest with the Combined Chiefs of Staff for
supplying information relating to operations of the Forces of
the U.S.S.R. for your guidance in timing your operations.  It is
understood that the Soviet Forces will launch an offensive at
about the same time as OVERLORD with the object of preventing
the German forces from transferring from the Eastern to the
Western Front.  The Allied Commander in Chief, Mediterranean
Theater, will conduct operations designed to assist your
operation, including the launching of an attack against the
south of France at about the same time as OVERLORD.  The scope
and timing of his operations will be decided by the Combined
Chiefs of Staff.  You will establish contact with him and submit
to the Combined Chiefs of Staff you views and recommendations
regarding operations from the Mediterranean in support of your
attack from the United Kingdom.  The Combined Chiefs of Staff
will place under your command the forces operating in Southern
France as soon as you are in a position to assume such command.
You will submit timely recommendations compatible with this
regard.

8.  Relationship with Allied Governments -- the re-establishment
of Civil Governments and Liberated Allied Territories and the
administration of enemy territories.  Further instructions will
be issued to you on these subjects at a later date.

------------------------------

Date:    Mon, 3 May 1993 14:06:32 EST
From:    Larry Jewell <jewell@MACE.CC.PURDUE.EDU>
Subject: Festung Europa: March '42

UNITED STATES ARMY IN WORLD WAR II: The European Theater of
Operations, CROSS CHANNEL ATTACK, by Gordon A. Harrison, Office
of the Chief of Military History, Department of the Army,
Washington, D.C., 1951
(3) Fuehrer's Directive on defense of Western Europe, 23 March
1942

Fuehrer Headquarters
23 March 1942                             Top Secret
The Fuehrer
and Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces         25 Copies
                                                  Copy No.
OKW/WFSt/Op.Nr.:001031/42 g.Kdos.

               Directive No. 40

Subj: Command Organization on the Coasts

1.)  General Situation:

In the days to come the coasts of Europe will be seriously
exposed to the danger of enemy landings.

The enemy's choice of time and place for landing operations will
not be based solely on strategic considerations.  Reverses in
other theaters of operations, obligations toward his allies, and
political motives may prompt the enemy to arrive at decisions
that would be unlikely to result from purely military
deliberations.

Even enemy landing operations with limited objectives will-
insofar as the enemy does establish himself on the coast at all-
seriously affect our own plans in any case.  They will disrupt
our coastwise shipping and tie down strong Army and Luftwaffe
forces which thereby would become unavailable for commitment at
critical points.  Particularly grave dangers will arise if the
enemy succeeds in taking our airfields, or in establishing
airbases in the territory that he has captured.

Moreover, our military installations and war industries that are
in many instances located along or close to the coast, and which
in part have valuable equipment, invite local raids by the
enemy.

Special attention must be paid to British preparations for
landings on the open coast for which numerous armored landing
craft suitable for the transportation of combat vehicles and
heavy weapons are available.  Large-scale parachute and glider
operations are likewise to be expected.

II.)  General Tactical Instructions for Coastal Defense:

1.)  Coastal defense is a task for the Armed Forces, and
requires particularly close and complete co-operation of all the
services.

2.)  Timely recognition of the preparations, assembly, and
approach of the enemy for a landing operation must be the goal
of the intelligence service as well as that of continual
reconnaissance by Navy and Luftwaffe.

Embarkation operations or transport fleets at sea must
subsequently be the target for the concentration of all suitable
air and naval forces with the object of destroying the enemy as
far off our coast as possible.

However, because the enemy may employ skillful deception and
take advantage of poor visibility, thereby catching us
completely by surprise, all troops that might be exposed to such
surprise operations must always be fully prepared for defensive
action.

Counteracting the well-known tendency of the troops to relax
their alertness as time goes on will be one of the most
important command functions.

3.) Recent battle experiences have taught us that in fighting
for the beaches--which include coastal waters within the range
of medium coastal artillery--responsibility for the preparation
and execution of defensive operations must unequivocally and
unreservedly be concentrated in the hands of one man.

All available forces and equipment of the several services, the
organizations and formations outside of the armed forces, as
well as the German civil agencies in the zone of operations will
be committed by the responsible commander for the destruction of
enemy transport facilities and invasion forces.  That commitment
must lead to the collapse of the enemy attack before, if
possible, but at the latest upon the actual landing.

An immediate counterattack must annihilate landed enemy forces,
or throw them back into the sea.  All instruments of warfare-
regardless of the service, or the formation outside of the armed
forces to which they might belong-are to be jointly committed
toward that end.  Nevertheless, shore-based Navy supply
establishments must not be hampered in their essential
functions, nor Luftwaffe ground organizations and Flak
protection of airfields impaired in their efficiency, unless
they have become directly affected by ground combat operations.

No headquarters and no unit may initiate a retrograde movement
in such a situation.  Wherever Germans are committed on or near
the coast, they must be armed and trained for active combat.

The enemy must be kept from establishing himself on any island
which in enemy hand would constitute a threat to the mainland or
coastwise shipping.

4.)  Disposition of forces and improvement of fortifications are
to be so made that the main defensive effort lies in the coastal
sector that are the most probable sites for enemy landings
(fortified areas) .

Those remaining coastal sectors that are vulnerable to coups de
main of even small units must be protected by means of a
strongpoint type of defense, utilizing, if possible, the support
of shore batteries.  All battalions of military and military-
economic importance will be included in that strongpoint defense
system.

The same rules apply to offshore islands.  Coastal sectors that
are less endangered will be patrolled.

5.)   The several services will establish a uniform definition
of coastal sectors, if necessary on the basis of a final
decision on the part of the responsible commander named in III.)
1.) below.

6.)   By means of proportionate allocation of forces,
improvement of positions  (perimeter defense), and stockpiling
of supplies, the fortified areas and strongpoints must be
enabled to hold out even against superior enemy forces for
extended periods of time.

Fortified areas and strongpoints are to be held to the last.
They must never be forced to surrender because of a shortage of
ammunition, ration, or water.

7.)  The commander responsible according to III.)  I.)  below,
issues orders for coastal security, and assures a speedy
evaluation, collation, and dissemination to authorized
headquarters and civil agencies of intelligence procured by all
the services.

Upon the first indication of an imminent enemy operation, that
commander is authorized to issue the necessary orders for
unified and complementary reconnaissance by sea and air.

8.)  All elements stationed in the vicinity of the coast,
whether headquarters or units of the Armed Forces, or
organizations or formations outside of the Armed Forces, will
forego the niceties of peacetime protocol.  Their quarters,
security measures, equipment, state of alert, and utilization of
local resources will be governed solely by the necessity of
countering every enemy raid with the utmost speed and force.
Wherever the military situation demands, the civilian population
will be evacuated at once.

III.)  Command:

I.)  The following authorities are responsible for the
preparation and conduct of defense on coasts under German
control:

a)  in the Eastern Theater of Operations  (excluding Finland),
the army commanders designated by OKH;

b)  in the  coastal sector under the control of Army Lapland,
the commanding General of Army Lapland;

c)  in Norway, the Armed Forces Commander, Norway;

d)  in Denmark, the Commander of German Troops in Denmark;

e)  in the occupied West (including the Netherlands), the
Commander in Chief West;

In matters pertaining to coastal defense, the commanders
mentioned in categories d) and e) above are under the direct
control of OKW.

f)  in the Balkans (including the occupied islands) the Armed
Forces Commander Southeast;

g)  in the Baltic and the Ukraine, the Armed Forces Commanders
Baltic and Ukraine;

h)  in the Zone of Interior, the commanding admirals.

2.)  Within the framework of coastal defense missions, the
commanders designated in III.) I.) above, will have command
authority over tactical of the services, the German civil
authorities as well as units and organizations outside the armed
forces that are located within their respective areas.  In
exercising that authority, the commanders will issue tactical,
organizational, and supply orders necessary for coastal defense,
and insure their execution.  They will influence training to
whatever extent is necessary for preparing their forces for
ground operations. The required data will be put at their
disposal.

3.)  Orders and measures implementing this directive will give
priority to the following:

a) inclusion within fortified areas or strongpoints of all
installations important militarily or to the war economy,
particularly those of the Navy (submarine bases) and the
Luftwaffe;

b)  unified direction of coastal surveillance;

c)  infantry defenses of fortified areas and strongpoints;

d)  infantry defenses of isolated installations outside of
fortified areas and strongpoints, such as coastal patrol and
aircraft warning stations;

e)  artillery defenses against ground targets (in installing new
shore batteries and displacing those in position, the
requirements of naval warfare will receive priority) ;

f)  defense preparedness of fortified establishments, their
structural improvement, and the stockpiling of reserve supplies,
as well as defensive preparedness and stockpiling of supplies in
isolated installations outside of those establishments
(including supply with all weapons necessary for defense, mines,
hand grenades, flame throwers, obstacle material, and similar
items);

g)  signal communications;

h)  tests of the state of alert as well as infantry and
artillery training within the framework of the defensive
missions.

4.)  Similar authority will be vested in the commanders of local
headquarters down to sector commands, insofar as they have been
made responsible for the defense of coastal sectors.

The commanders enumerated in III.) I.) above, will generally
confer such responsibilities on commanding generals of army
divisions that are committed for coastal defense, and in Crete,
on the Fortress Commander Crete.

In individual sectors and subsectors, and particularly in
establishments that have definitely been designated as air or
naval bases, the local Luftwaffe or Navy commanders are to be
put in charge of the entire defense, insofar as their other
missions permit them to assume those responsibilities.

5.)  Naval and strategic air forces are subject to the control
of the Navy or Luftwaffe, respectively. However, in case of
enemy attacks on the coast they are -- within the framework of
their tactical capabilities -- bound to comply with requests
from the commanders responsible for defensive operations. For
that reason they must be included in the exchange of military
intelligence, in preparation for their future employment. Close
contact must be maintained  with their respective higher
headquarters.

IV.)  Special missions of the several services within the
framework of coastal defense:

1.)  Navy:

a)  organization and protection of coastwise shipping;

b)  training  and  commitment  of  the  entire  coastal
artillery against sea targets;

c)  commitment of naval forces.

2.)  Luftwaffe:

a)  air defense in the coastal areas.

This mission does not affect the right of local defense
commanders to direct the assembly of Flak artillery suited and
available for commitment against enemy invasion forces.

b) improvement of the Luftwaffe ground organization and its
protection against air and surprise ground attacks on airfields
that have not been sufficiently protected by their inclusion in
the coastal defense system.

c)  commitment of strategic air forces.

Instances of overlapping control resulting from those special
missions must be accepted as unavoidable.

V.)  As of 1 April 1942, all instructions and orders not in
agreement with the present directive are rescinded.

New combat directives issued by the responsible commander
pursuant to my directive will be submitted to me through OKW.

                                                     signed:
Adolf Hitler

------------------------------

Date:    Mon, 3 May 1993 14:07:18 EST
From:    Larry Jewell <jewell@MACE.CC.PURDUE.EDU>
Subject: Festung Europa: Nov., '43

UNITED STATES ARMY IN WORLD WAR II: The European Theater of
Operations, CROSS CHANNEL ATTACK, by Gordon A. Harrison, Office
of the Chief of Military History, Department of the Army,
Washington, D.C., 1951

(4) Fuehrer's Directive on defense of Western Europe, 3 November
1943

Fuehrer Headquarters
                                              3 November 1943
                           Top Secret
The Fuehrer
OKW/WFSt/Op.No. 662656/43 g.K. Chefs
                                                    27 Copies
                                                    Copy No.

                   Directive  No.  51

For the last two and one-half years the bitter and costly
struggle against Bolshevism has made the utmost demands upon the
bulk of our military resources and energies.  This commitment
was in keeping with the seriousness of the danger, and the over-
all situation.  The situation has since changed. The threat
remains, but an even greater danger looms in the West: the
Anglo-American landing!  In the East, the vastness of the space
will, as a last resort, permit a loss of territory even on a
major scale, without suffering a mortal blow to Germany's chance
for survival.

Not so in the West!  If the enemy here succeeds in penetrating
our defenses on a wide front, consequences of staggering
proportions will follow within a short time.  All signs point to
an offensive against the Western Front of Europe no later than
spring, and perhaps earlier.

For that reason, I can no longer justify the further weakening
of the West in favor of other theaters of war.  I have therefore
decided to strengthen the defenses in the West, particularly at
places from which we shall launch our long-range war against
England.  For those are the very points at which the enemy must
and will attack;  there -- unless all indications are misleading
-- will be fought the decisive invasion battle.

Holding attacks and diversions on other fronts are to be
expected.  Not even the possibility of a large-scale offensive
against Denmark may be excluded.  It would pose greater nautical
problems and could be less effectively supported from the air,
but would nevertheless produce the greatest political and
strategic impact if it were to succeed.

During the opening phase of the battle, the entire striking
power of the enemy will of necessity be directed against our
forces manning the coast.  Only an all-out effort in the
construction of fortifications, an unsurpassed effort that will
enlist all available manpower and physical resources of Germany
and the occupied areas, will be able to strengthen our defenses
along the coasts within the short time that still appears to be
left to us.

Stationary weapons (heavy AT guns, immobile tanks to be dug-in,
coast artillery, shore-defense guns, mines, etc.) arriving in
Denmark and the occupied

West within the near future will be heavily concentrated in
points of main defensive effort at the most vulnerable coastal
sectors. At the same time, we must take the calculated risk that
for the present we may be unable to improve our defenses in less
threatened sectors.

Should the enemy nevertheless force a landing by concentrating
his armed might, he must be hit by the full fury of our
counterattack.  For this mission ample and speedy reinforcements
of men and materiel, as well as intensive training must
transform available larger units into first-rate, fully mobile
general reserves suitable for offensive operations.  The
counterattack of these units will prevent the enlargement of the
beachhead, and throw the enemy back into the sea.

In addition, well-planned emergency measures, prepared down to
the last detail, must enable us instantly to throw against the
invader every fit man and machine from coastal sectors not under
attack and from the home front.

The anticipated strong attacks by air and sea must be
relentlessly countered by Air Force and Navy with all their
available resources.  I therefore order the following;

A)  Army:

1.) The Chief of the Army General Staff and the Inspector
General Staff and the Inspector General of Panzer Troops will
submit to me as soon as possible a schedule covering arms,
tanks, assault guns, motor vehicles, and ammunition to be
allocated to the Western Front and Denmark within the next three
months. That schedule will conform to the new situation.  The
following considerations will be basic:

a) Sufficient mobility for all panzer and panzer grenadier
divisions in the West, and equipment of each of those units by
December 1943 with 93 Mark IV tanks or assault guns, as well as
large numbers of antitank weapons.

Accelerated reorganization of the 20 Luftwaffe Field Divisions
into an effective mobile reserve force by the end of 1943.  This
reorganization is to include the issue of assault guns.

Accelerated issue of all authorized weapons to the SS Panzer
Grenadier Division Hitler Jugend [In this month (November 1943)
this division was converted to a Panzer division (12th SS)], the
21st Panzer Division, and the infantry and reserve divisions
stationed in Jutland.

b)  Additional shipments of Mark IV tanks, assault guns, and
heavy AT guns to the reserve panzer divisions stationed in the
West and in Denmark, as well as to the Assault Gun Training
Battalion in Denmark.

c)  In November and December, monthly allotments of 100 heavy AT
guns models 40 and 43 (half of these to be mobile) in addition
to those required for newly activated units in the West and in
Denmark.

d)  Allotment of large numbers of weapons (including about 1,000
machine guns)  for augmenting the armament of those static
divisions that are committed for coastal defense in the West and
in Denmark, and for standardizing the equipment of elements that
are to be withdrawn from sectors not under attack.

e)  Ample supply of close-combat AT weapons to units in
vulnerable sectors.

f)  Improvement of artillery and AT defenses in units stationed
in Denmark, as well as those committed for coastal protection in
the occupied West.  Strengthening of GHQ artillery.

2.)  The units and elements stationed in the West or in Denmark,
as well as panzer, assault gun, and AT units to be activated in
the West, must not be transferred to other fronts without my
permission.  The Chief of the Army General Staff, or the
Inspector General of Panzer Troops will submit to me a report
through the Armed Forces Operations Staff as soon as the issue
of equipment to the panzer and assault gun battalions, as well
as to the AT battalions and companies, has been completed.

3.)  Beyond similar measures taken in the past, the Commander in
Chief West will establish timetables for, and conduct maneuvers
and command post exercises, the procedure for bringing up units
from sectors not under attack.  These units will be made capable
of performing offensive missions, however limited.  In that
connection I demand that sectors not threatened by the enemy be
ruthlessly stripped of all forces except small guard
detachments.  For sectors from which reserves are withdrawn,
security and guard detachments must be set aside from security
and alarm units.  Labor forces drawn largely from the native
population must likewise be organized in those sectors, in order
to keep open whatever roads might be destroyed by the enemy air
force.

4.)  The Commander of German Troops in Denmark will take
measures in the area under his control in compliance with
paragraph 3 above.

5.)  Pursuant to separate orders, the Chief of Army Equipment
and Commander of the Replacement Army will form Kampfgruppen in
regimental strength, security  battalions, and engineer
construction battalions from training cadres, trainees, schools,
and instruction and convalescent units in the Zone of the
Interior.  These troops must be ready for shipment on 48 hours'
notice.

Furthermore, other available personnel are to be organized into
battalions of replacements and equipped with the available
weapons, so that the anticipated heavy losses can quickly be
replaced.

B)  Luftwaffe:

The offensive and defensive effectiveness of Luftwaffe units in
the West and in Denmark will be increased to meet the changed
situation.  To that end, preparations will be made for the
release of units suited for commitment in the anti-invasion
effort, that is, all flying units and mobile Flak artillery that
can be spared from the air defenses of the home front, and from
schools and training units in the Zone of the Interior.  All
those units are to be earmarked for the West and possibly
Denmark.

The Luftwaffe ground organization in southern Norway, Denmark,
northwestern Germany, and the West will be expanded and supplied
in a way that will -- by the most far-reaching decentralization
of own forces -- deny targets to the enemy bombers, and split
the enemy's offensive effort in case of large-scale opera- tons.
Particularly important in that connection will be our fighter
forces. Possibilities for their commitment must be increased by
the establishment of numerous advance landing fields.  Special
emphasis is to be placed on good camouflage.  I expect also that
the Luftwaffe will unstintingly furnish all available forces, by
stripping them from less threatened areas.

C) Navy:

The Navy will prepare the strongest possible forces suitable for
attacking the enemy landing Fleets.  Coastal defense
installations in the process of construction will be completed
with the utmost speed.  The emplacing of additional coastal
batteries and the possibility of laying further flanking mine
fields should be investigated.

All school, training, and other shore-based personnel fit for
ground combat must be prepared for commitment so that, without
undue delay, they can at least be employed as security forces
within the zone of the enemy landing operations.

While preparing the reinforcement of the defenses in the West,
the Navy must keep in mind that it might be called upon to
repulse simultaneous enemy landings in Norway and Denmark.  In
that connection, I attach particular importance to the assembly
of numerous U-boats in the northern area.  A temporary weakening
of U-boat forces in the Atlantic must be risked.

D) SS:

The Reichsfuehrer-SS will determine what Waffen-SS and police
forces he can release for combat, security, and guard duty.  He
is to prepare to organize effective combat and security forces
from training, replacement, and convalescent units, as well as
schools and other home-front establishments.

E) The commanders in chief of the services, the Reichsfuehrer-
SS, the Chief of the Army General Staff, the Commander in Chief
West, the Chief of Army Equipment and Commander of the
Replacement Army, the Inspector General of Panzer Troops, as
well as the Commander of German Troops in Denmark will report to
me by 15 November all measures taken or planned.

I expect that all agencies will make a supreme effort toward
utilizing every moment of the remaining time in preparing for
the decisive battle in the West.

All authorities will guard against wasting time and energy in
useless jurisdictional squabbles, and will direct all their
efforts toward strengthening our defensive and offensive power.

                                           signed: Adolf Hitler

------------------------------

Date:    Mon, 3 May 1993 14:08:09 EST
From:    Larry Jewell <jewell@MACE.CC.PURDUE.EDU>
Subject: Axis Force Distribution, 6 June, '44

UNITED STATES ARMY IN WORLD WAR II: The European Theater of
Operations, CROSS CHANNEL ATTACK, by Gordon A. Harrison, Office
of the Chief of Military History, Department of the Army,
Washington, D.C., 1951

(5) Divisons Available to Germany on 6 June 1944 (Based on
German Situation Maps)

Theater                 Inf type       Pz type       Misc
----------------------------------------------------------------
Denmark                   2             1 + 2 Brig    3
Norway                   11
Finland                  10
Eastern Front           122            25 + 1 Brig   17 + 1 Brig
OB SUEDOST  (Balkans)    20             2             3
OB SUEDWEST  (Italy)     17 + 1 Brig    7             1
OB WEST (France and
         Low Countries   41 + 1 Rgt    11             9
Zone of Interior          3 + 1 Brig    1 + 2 Brig    4 + 2 Brig
----------------------------------------------------------------
Total German Divisions  226 + 2 Brig,  47 + 5 Brig   37 + 3 Brig
                              1 Rgt

AXIS SATELLITES
Finnish, Eastern Front   14 + 8 Brig    1             1 Brig
 and Finland
Romanian, Eastern Front  17 + 5 Brig    1             2
 and Romania
Hungarian, Eastern Front  9 + 2 Brig    2             5
 and Hungary
Bulgarian, Occupation    11
 Duty in Balkans and
 Bulgaria
Italian, In Zone of       4
 Interior
----------------------------------------------------------------
Total Axis Satellite     55 + 16 Brig   4             7 + 1 Brig
 Divisions

------------------------------

Date:    Mon, 3 May 1993 10:55:58 PDT
From:    bob pasker <bob@HALFDOME.SF.CA.US>
Subject: L O C I S

in case folks havent yet seen this, the library of congress information
system (LOCIS) is now on-line:

         L O C I S :  LIBRARY OF CONGRESS INFORMATION SYSTEM

          To make a choice: type a number, then press ENTER


  1   Library of Congress Catalog              4   Braille and Audio

  2   Federal Legislation                      5   Organizations

  3   Copyright Information                    6   Foreign Law


 *     *     *     *     *     *     *     *     *     *     *     *

  7   Searching Hours and Basics
  8   Documentation and Classes
  9   Library of Congress General Information


 12   Comments and Logoff


 --------------------
it can be reached via telnet locis.loc.gov

-- bob

------------------------------

End of WWII-L Digest - 2 May 1993 to 3 May 1993
***********************************************

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Status: O

There are 12 messages totalling 314 lines in this issue.

Topics of the day:

  1. GERMAN FORCES (2)
  2. LIBRARY OF CONGRESS (3)
  3. Narvik
  4. The Pacific
  5. LOCIS
  6. Addr: The Pacific (2)
  7. VARIOUS
  8. *

----------------------------------------------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 4 May 1993 07:07:52 +0200
From:    JOHN AUSLAND <d_ausland_j@KARI.UIO.NO>
Subject: GERMAN FORCES

  Oslo, May 4.  In reading the message posted by Larry Jewell about
the German forces available on June 6, I am struck by the number of
divisions in Norway.  Fortunately, Hitler had a hangup about Norway,
which led him to have more divisions here than necessary.
  The figure is a bit misleading, however, since the German Army
used Norway as a rest and recreation place for units which had been
on the eastern front.  Hence, not all the eleven divisions were
combat ready.  (I do not know off hand how many were.)
  Hitler's main concern in Norway was Narvik, through which vital
iron ore flowed from Sweden to Germany.  Since the port on the
Swedish coast was frozen during the winter, Narvik was essential.
Hitler is quoted as saying once that, if he were Churchill, he
would sacrifice a million men to get Narvik.  (One of the tragedies
of the war is that the British did not seize and hold Narvik.
It would have been tough and costly, given German control of the
air.  It could, however, have shortened the war.)
  The German Air Force was also interested in using the airfields
in north Norway to attack convoys on their way to Murmansk.
(Ironically, this is one of the main US interests in north Norway,
the airfields, which could be used in a battle for the Norwegian
Sea.  The other is the intelligence facilities in north Norway
in peacetime.)
  As a part of the Allied deception operation as to where we would
land, there was considerable resistance activity in Norway before
the Normandy landing.  Earlier, this had caused problems between
London and the Norwegian resistance.  The latter followed the
normal concept that you reserve your resources until friendly
forces are approaching.  In London, they wanted bang bang, as a
part of the deception.  A meeting was held in London to sort this
out.
  BTW, there was contact between the Norwegian resistance and the
opponents to Hitler in the German Army in Norway.  A friend of
mine, in his late eighties, was the liaison officer.
  My end line again is that I am glad Hitler kept so many forces
in Norway, rather than moving them to Normandy.  We had a tough
enough time with those that were there.
  Regards, John Ausland

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 4 May 1993 07:08:20 +0200
From:    JOHN AUSLAND <d_ausland_j@KARI.UIO.NO>
Subject: LIBRARY OF CONGRESS

  Oslo, May 4.  I tried to log on to LOCIS as suggested by Bob Pasker
but was told the connection was closed.  Is anyone else having better
luck?  Regards, John Ausland

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 4 May 1993 00:21:43 EST
From:    Larry Jewell <jewell@MACE.CC.PURDUE.EDU>
Subject: Re: LIBRARY OF CONGRESS

>
>   Oslo, May 4.  I tried to log on to LOCIS as suggested by Bob Pasker
> but was told the connection was closed.  Is anyone else having better
> luck?  Regards, John Ausland
>
  I've been in and had a quick peak around.  Non-Congressional users will
be bounced out if the "official" users crowd the lines.  We'll have
to take what ever time we can get until they get more lines available.

USE the feedback option if you want to keep this service available!  The
"testing the waters" phase will look for user comments to shape future
services.

BTW, this is not an ftp site, so use "telnet locis.loc.gov" vice
"ftp locis.loc.gov" to gain access.

Larry J

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 4 May 1993 00:28:36 EST
From:    Larry Jewell <jewell@MACE.CC.PURDUE.EDU>
Subject: Re: GERMAN FORCES

>
>   Oslo, May 4.  In reading the message posted by Larry Jewell about
> the German forces available on June 6, I am struck by the number of
> divisions in Norway.  Fortunately, Hitler had a hangup about Norway,
> which led him to have more divisions here than necessary.
>   The figure is a bit misleading, however, since the German Army
> used Norway as a rest and recreation place for units which had been
> on the eastern front.  Hence, not all the eleven divisions were
> combat ready.  (I do not know off hand how many were.)

  Chapter 4 of "Cross-Channel Attack" in the United States Army in World
War II series has an interesting discussion on Hilter's philosophy (sic)
on distribution of forces to resist the inevitable invasion and also
on the status of troops in Western Europe.  It was so interesting I'm
digitizing it for uploading to our favorite FTP site.  Watch for it
this week some time.

>   Regards, John Ausland

Larry J

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 4 May 1993 15:56:57 -0500
From:    "Wilber Williams, Prentice Centre" <CCWILBER@UQVAX.CC.UQ.OZ.AU>
Subject: Re: LIBRARY OF CONGRESS

I tried LOCIS about 0530 GMT 4th May, and got "Connection closed by remote
host" without seeing anything useful.

Wilber.

+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|Wilber WILLIAMS                            w.williams@cc.uq.edu.au      |
|Prentice Centre                            Telephone : +61 7 365 4232   |
|The University of Queensland               Facsimile : +61 7 365 4477   |
|Brisbane Qld 4072  AUSTRALIA                                            |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 4 May 1993 00:11:46 MDT
From:    Steve Alvin <STEPHEN_ALVIN@DSU1.DSU.NODAK.EDU>
Subject: Re: Narvik

On Tuesday, 4 May, John Ausland commented on the strategic importance
of Narvik and stated that it was to bad that the British never seized
the city (I accidentally deleted the original post) because it would
have shortened the war.

Often lost in the disaster of the French collapse in 1940, was the
Anglo-French landings in Norway to counter the German invasion.  In
the spring of 1940, 10,000 British & French troops were assembled in
English ports for a possible attempt to help the Finns was instead
dispatched to Norway.  Most landed between 4/14 & 4/19 at Namos &
Andalsnes in an attempt to retake Trondheim.  A smaller force landed
at Narvik.  The attack on Trondheim failed, as the Luftwaffe launched
violent attacks on the troops and ships.  On May 1-2, the allies
evacuated central Norway.

Around Narvik, the allies were more successful.  The Royal Navy, lead
by the HMS Warspite, sank all the German shipping in the Fjord.  By
April 24, the Allied forces numbered 25,000 men.  The Germans in
Narvik resisted stubbornly for over a month before they were forced
to evacuate the city.  But, the allied occupation of Narvik was short
lived.  On June 8, due to the disaster in France, the decision was
made to withdraw.

Both the Royal Navy and the Kriegsmarine suffered during the
evacuation of Narvik.  The Scharnhorst & Gneisenau intercepted the
British carrier Glorious, which was only escorted by two destroyers.
The battlecruisers sank all three, but not before one destroyer
torpedoed the Scharnhorst.  On the way back to Germany, the Gneisenau
was torpedoed by a British submarine.  Both were out of action for
six months.

Steve Alvin
Dickinson State University
STEPHEN_ALVIN@DSU1.DSU.NODAK.EDU
**********************************************************************
*Those who fail to remember history are doomed to repeat it.--Proverb*
*Those who fail to remember history are doomed to repeat my class.-SA*
**********************************************************************

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 4 May 1993 13:02:49 +0200
From:    Chris Scogings <cscoging@UNPCS1.CS.UNP.AC.ZA>
Subject: The Pacific

After the talk about no monument in the Hurtegen forest, I remembered a book
called "Goodbye Darkness" by William Manchester.  This is an excellent book
and a must for all WWII followers.  He was a Marine Sergeant and fought on
several Pacific islands.  He talks about watching his buddies die on obscure
islands which nobody remembers, like Peliliu, where 800 (?) marines were
killed.

I don't know what landing in Normandy was like, but at Tarawa, the Marines
waded 700 yards (because the landing craft stuck on a reef that the Navy
said wasn't there) through chest deep water towards Japanese machine guns
(which the Airforce said they had destroyed).  One company had less than 20
men left when they reached the shore.  Over 2000 marines died out of 4000.

He visited the old battlefields in 1978 and found a monument on Peliliu,
covered in graffiti, and starting with the words "Lest we fo et".  On Tarawa
there is nothing at all.  His memoirs and his comments while visiting the
battlefields in 1978 are really worth reading.
Chris
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Chris Scogings                      Voice: (27) 331 955645
Computer Science Dept                 Fax: (27) 331 955599
University of Natal
Pietermaritzburg                   E-Mail:cscoging@unpcs1.cs.unp.ac.za
----------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 4 May 1993 15:16:00 CET
From:    Peter de Lange <MIMHCC@RULMVS.LEIDENUNIV.NL>
Subject: Re: LOCIS

I tried LOCIS at 15.00 West Eurepean Summer Time and it works good.
Peter de Lange

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 4 May 1993 08:41:26 EDT
From:    RICHARD KING <RKING@VUNET.VINU.EDU>
Subject: Addr: The Pacific

I got interested in William Manchester's GOODBYE DARKNESS
last year when I was trying to find books written by old
soldiers who have returned to the battlefields of their
youth in a sort of THEN/NOW exploration.I am a charter member of
The James Jones society and started looking for works like
this because Jones wrote an essay in his VIET JOURNAL about
returning to Hawaii and finding the gun emplacements he
and other members of the 25th Division blasted into the rock.
It is interesting that those are the ONLY TWO books of this
type I have found (Jones's work, of course, was shorter). If
anyone knows of any others, I would like to hear about them.
My father, who fought in the 77th Division on such places as
Ie Shima, Okinawa, Leyte, and Guam, did not seem to care much
for GOODBYE DARKNESS, but I'm not sure why (unless it was
Manchester's tendency toward angst and perhaps his Marine bias).
I read Manchester's AMERICAN CAESER (about MacArthur) and liked it
very much. My father said MacArthur was the greatest military
genius America ever produced (yet in the same breath called him
Dugout Doug and said "We never saw ANYONE higher than a 'Bird
Colonel,'" and tended to be rather distrustful of any officers
in general.
***************************************************************
Richard L. King, Reference Librarian, Vincennes (IN) University
RKING@VUNET.VINU.EDU

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 4 May 1993 09:12:00 PST
From:    Stephen Fox <FOXS@AXE.HUMBOLDT.EDU>
Subject: Re: Addr: The Pacific

Richard King:

Be sure to read E.B. Sledge, With the Old Breed at Peleliu and Okinawa.
ex
********************************************
*       Steve Fox                          *
*       History Department                 *
*       Humboldt State University          *
*       Arcata, CA  95521                  *
*       (707) 826-4788                     *
*       foxs@axe.humboldt.edu              *
********************************************
It's avail in paperback.

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 4 May 1993 19:42:16 +0200
From:    JOHN AUSLAND <d_ausland_j@KARI.UIO.NO>
Subject: VARIOUS

  Oslo, May 4.  I read with interest Steve Alvin's account of the
action at Narvik, which coincides with my understanding of what
happened.  He left out, however, one detail.  When the British
commander launched his final attack, he knew that the British
forces would be withdrawing.  Furthermore, he did not inform the
Norwegian commander.
  Each year the French come to Narvik and celebrate their "victory."
With a few more victories like that, we could have lost the war.
  The best account I have seen of the war in Norway is Francois
Kersaudy's NORWAY 1940.
  Steve, I suppose you know the "proverb" you are quoting has
the following source:

George Santayana
The Life of Reason [1905-1906], vol.I, Reason in Common Sense

   Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it. 1  2

For Chris Scogings, After the 4th secured the beachhead, it turned
north to help capture Cherbourg.

As for Manchester, I do not envy those who went to the Pacific.  My
brother and I divided the war.  He joined the Marines and went to
the Pacific.  I joined the Army and went to Europe.  My father,
after serving in the Marines in WWI, was taken into the Army before
Pearl Harbor, to go to China to advise the Chinese on constructing
a railway from Burma to China.  After Burma fell, he served in
Alasks, North Africa, and again in China.

Had it not been for the atom bomb, I also would have served in the
Pacific, since the 4th Division was scheduled for the second phase
of the attack on the home islands.

My father was also a writer, so I have good records of his wars.
Unfortunately, my brother is not a writer, so there is no record
of his adventures.

Regards, John Ausland

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 4 May 1993 19:43:03 +0200
From:    JOHN AUSLAND <d_ausland_j@KARI.UIO.NO>
Subject: *

  Oslo, May 4.  Various things, including going out of town for awhile,
will require me to use the NOMAIL option soon.  If you want to contact
me, please do it with EMAIL.  Regards, John Ausland

------------------------------

End of WWII-L Digest - 3 May 1993 to 4 May 1993
***********************************************

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Status: O

There are 13 messages totalling 665 lines in this issue.

Topics of the day:

  1. USAAF 1 MAY 43
  2. USAAF 2 MAY 43
  3. USAAF 3 MAY 43
  4. USAAF 4 MAY 43 (3)
  5. USAAF 5 MAY 43
  6. World War II Radio Show
  7. World War II Commemorative Program, University of Georgia
  8. World War II Airman's Preservation Society
  9. <No subject given> (2)
 10. Rhode Island Listees

----------------------------------------------------------------------

Date:    Wed, 5 May 1993 07:15:28 -0400
From:    jem3@CC.BELLCORE.COM
Subject: USAAF 1 MAY 43

COMBAT CHRONOLOGY OF THE US ARMY AIR FORCES
SATURDAY, 1 MAY 1943
FTP SITES
  1. ftp.rutgers.edu in directory pub/wwii/usaf
  2. byrd.mu.wvnet.edu (129.71.32.152) in pub/history/military/wwii/usaaf

AIRCRAFT MENTIONED IN THIS REPORT:
  A-20, Douglas Havoc
  A-36, North American
  B-17, Boeing Flying Fortress
  B-24, Consolidated Liberator
  B-25, North American Mitchell
  B-26, Martin Marauder
  F-5, Lockheed Lightning
  P-38, Lockheed Lightning
  P-40, Curtiss

AMERICAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Eleventh Air Force)
  In the Aleutians, 16 attack missions on Kiska and Attu are flown by 16
B-24's, 15 B-25's, 35 P-38's, 38 P-40's, and 4 F-5A's. Kiska targets
include the Main Camp, hangar, submarine base (where a fire is started),
runway, radar, ship, North Head, AA guns and Gertrude Cove. Attu targets
include E Attu, Holtz Bay and Chichagof Harbor installations.

CHINA-BURMA-INDIA THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  CHINA (Fourteenth Air Force)
    In China, the forward echelon of the Fourteenth Air Force, under
Colonel Clinton D Vincent and Lieutenant Colonel David L ("Tex") Hill,
moves into E China along the Hengyang-Kweilin line. This brings US
aircraft within range of all major Japanese-held bases from N China to
Indochina and Thailand, and makes shipping in the China Sea more
vulnerable to US air strikes.

EUROPEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Eighth Air Force)
  VIII Bomber Command Mission No. 53: 78 B-17's are dispatched against the
Sainte-Nazaire, France U-boat base and shipyard. They find bad weather
over the target and only 29 B-17's hit the target between 1125 and 1131
hours local.  We claim 18-6-8 Luftwaffe aircraft; 7 B-17's are lost, 2
are damaged beyond repair and 20 others are damaged. Casualties are 3 KIA,
17 WIA and 73 MIA. At the same time, 24 B-24's fly a diversion along the
Brittany Coast.
  HQ 351st Bombardment Group (Heavy) arrives at Polebrook, England from
the US.

MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Ninth Air Force)
    In Italy, B-24's bomb the harbor at Reggio di Calibre.
    In Tunisia, P-40's bomb and strafe shipping and shore installations on
the NE coastline.

  WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Northwest African Air Force)
    In the Mediterranean, Northwest African Strategic Air Force (NASAF)
B-26's and P-38's fly uneventful shipping sweeps.
    In Tunisia, Northwest African Tactical Air Force (NATAF) fighters and
A-20's hit shipping in the Gulf of Tunis and jetties at Sidi Daoud and
Kelibia, and attack positions in the NE Tunisian battle area as Allied
ground forces regroup for the final Tunisian offensive.
    During the month of May, the 2d Air Defense Wing transfers from Oran,
Algeria to Maison Blanche, Algeria. The wing will be redesignated the 63d
Fighter Wing in Jul 43.
    During the month of May, the 15th Bombardment Squadron (Light),
Twelfth Air Force with A-20's and A-36's transfers from Nouvion, Algeria
to Sale, French Morocco. The squadron flew the first USAAF mission in
Europe but is now relegated to a training role.
    The 81st and 82d Bombardment Squadrons (Medium), 12th Bombardment
Group (Medium) with B-25's transfer from Canrobert, Algeria to Thibar,
Tunisia.

SOUTHWEST PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Fifth Air Force)
  In New Guinea, B-24's bomb the landing strip at Nabire and hit a vessel
in Manokwari harbor.

SOURCES:
AIR FORCE COMBAT UNITS OF WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force History,
  Headquarters USAF, 1961, ISBN 0-912799-02-1
COMBAT SQUADRONS OF THE AIR FORCE, WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force
  History, Headquarters USAF 1982
THE ARMY AIR FORCES IN WORLD WAR II: COMBAT CHRONOLOGY, 1941-1945 by the
  Office of Air Force History, Headquarters USAF, 1973
THE MIGHTY EIGHTH WAR DIARY by Roger A. Freeman, ISBN 1-85409-071-2

Jack McKillop
USAF (Airways and Air Communications Service)
1955-59


----------------------------------------------------------------------
|  Jack McKillop      |  Those who have long enjoyed such privileges |
|  Bellcore           |  as we enjoy forget in time that men have    |
|  Piscataway, NJ     |  died to win them.     FDR                   |
|  USA                |  jem3@cc.bellcore.com                        |
----------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

Date:    Wed, 5 May 1993 07:17:28 -0400
From:    jem3@CC.BELLCORE.COM
Subject: USAAF 2 MAY 43

COMBAT CHRONOLOGY OF THE US ARMY AIR FORCES
SUNDAY, 2 MAY 1943
FTP SITES
  1. ftp.rutgers.edu in directory pub/wwii/usaf
  2. byrd.mu.wvnet.edu (129.71.32.152) in pub/history/military/wwii/usaaf

AIRCRAFT MENTIONED IN THIS REPORT:
  B-17, Boeing Flying Fortress
  B-25, North American Mitchell
  P-38, Lockheed Lightning
  P-39, Bell Airacobra
  P-40, Curtiss
  Zeke, Mitsubishi A6M, Navy Type 0 Carrier Fighter

AMERICAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Eleventh Air Force)
  In the Aleutians, 6 B-25's, 8 P-40's, and 8 P-38's fly bombing,
photographic and attack missions to Kiska. Targets include North Head,
South Head and buildings and AA gun batteries on Gertrude Cove.

CHINA-BURMA-INDIA THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  CHINA (Fourteenth Air Force)
    In China, 17 P-40's intercept 30-40 fighters near Lingling and in a
running battle to just N of Changsha claim at least 7 Zekes downed. One
P-40 is shot down.

MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Ninth Air Force)
    In Tunisia, P-40's attack shipping off the coast.

  WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Northwest African Air Force)
    In Tunisia, bad weather restricts the Northwest African Strategic Air
Force (NASAF) to reconnaissance missions. Northwest African Tactical Air
Force (NATAF) fighters hit tank and troop concentrations near Massicault
and Tebourba and fly battle area reconnaissance as the US II Corps
occupies Kef en Nsour while the enemy withdraws toward Bizerte.

SOUTH PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Thirteenth Air Force)
  In the Solomons, B-17's on harassing strikes hit the Rekata Bay area and
Munda Airfield. P-38's and P-39's join Navy aircraft in pounding the
runway area at Munda.

SOUTHWEST PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Fifth Air Force)
  In Timor, B-25's bomb Penfoei.
  In New Guinea, other B-25's  unsuccessfully attack a vessel off Toeal. A
single B-17 bombs dock area at Finschhafen.

SOURCES:
AIR FORCE COMBAT UNITS OF WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force History,
  Headquarters USAF, 1961, ISBN 0-912799-02-1
COMBAT SQUADRONS OF THE AIR FORCE, WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force
  History, Headquarters USAF 1982
THE ARMY AIR FORCES IN WORLD WAR II: COMBAT CHRONOLOGY, 1941-1945 by the
  Office of Air Force History, Headquarters USAF, 1973
THE MIGHTY EIGHTH WAR DIARY by Roger A. Freeman, ISBN 1-85409-071-2

Jack McKillop
USAF (Airways and Air Communications Service)
1955-59


----------------------------------------------------------------------
|  Jack McKillop      |  Those who have long enjoyed such privileges |
|  Bellcore           |  as we enjoy forget in time that men have    |
|  Piscataway, NJ     |  died to win them.     FDR                   |
|  USA                |  jem3@cc.bellcore.com                        |
----------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

Date:    Wed, 5 May 1993 07:20:05 -0400
From:    jem3@CC.BELLCORE.COM
Subject: USAAF 3 MAY 43

COMBAT CHRONOLOGY OF THE US ARMY AIR FORCES
MONDAY, 3 MAY 1943
FTP SITES
  1. ftp.rutgers.edu in directory pub/wwii/usaf
  2. byrd.mu.wvnet.edu (129.71.32.152) in pub/history/military/wwii/usaaf

AIRCRAFT MENTIONED IN THIS REPORT:
  B-17, Boeing Flying Fortress
  B-24, Consolidated Liberator
  B-25, North American Mitchell
  F-5, Lockheed Lightning
  P-38, Lockheed Lightning
  P-40, Curtiss

AMERICAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Eleventh Air Force)
  In the Aleutians, 7 B-24's, 11 B-25's, 20 P-38's, 27 P-40's and 2 F-5A's
participate in a weather reconnaissance mission to Attu and in 9 attack
missions to Kiska. Kiska targets include the Main Camp, North Head, radar,
and runway.

EUROPEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Eighth Air Force)
  In Iceland, Lieutenant General Frank M. Andrews, the USAAF officer who
is Commanding General European Theater of Operations, U.S. Army (ETOUSA),
is killed in an aircraft crash while landing. There has been speculation
over the years whether Andrews instead of Eisenhower would have commanded
the Allied forces in Europe if he had lived. Camp Springs Army Air Field,
Camp Springs, Maryland was renamed Andrews Army Air Field (now Air Force
Base) in 1945 in his memory.

MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Ninth Air Force)
    In Tunisia, P-40's fly fighter-bomber missions against a bridge,
buildings, and docks in the NE part of the country.

  WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Northwest African Air Force)
    In Tunisia, Northwest African Strategic Air Force (NASAF) B-25's bomb
a landing ground near Protville and B-17's hit shipping at Bizerte.
Northwest African Tactical Air Force (NATAF) fighters fly numerous
reconnaissance missions over the battle area as Mateur falls to the US 1st
Armored Division. Other fighters escort NASAF bombers. Fighter-bombers
bomb the Massicault area.

SOUTH PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Thirteenth Air Force)
  In the Solomons, P-40's and P-38's join Navy dive bombers and fighters
in attacks on buildings and AA positions in the Rekata Bay area.

SOUTHWEST PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Fifth Air Force)
  In the Bismarck Archipelago, B-25's strafe the airfield at Gasmata while
a B-17 strafes launches N of Lolobau Island, claiming 1 boat sunk.
  HQ 54th Troop Carrier Wing transfers from Brisbane, Queensland,
Australia to Port Moresby, New Guinea.

SOURCES:
AIR FORCE COMBAT UNITS OF WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force History,
  Headquarters USAF, 1961, ISBN 0-912799-02-1
COMBAT SQUADRONS OF THE AIR FORCE, WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force
  History, Headquarters USAF 1982
THE ARMY AIR FORCES IN WORLD WAR II: COMBAT CHRONOLOGY, 1941-1945 by the
  Office of Air Force History, Headquarters USAF, 1973
THE MIGHTY EIGHTH WAR DIARY by Roger A. Freeman, ISBN 1-85409-071-2

Jack McKillop
USAF (Airways and Air Communications Service)
1955-59


----------------------------------------------------------------------
|  Jack McKillop      |  Those who have long enjoyed such privileges |
|  Bellcore           |  as we enjoy forget in time that men have    |
|  Piscataway, NJ     |  died to win them.     FDR                   |
|  USA                |  jem3@cc.bellcore.com                        |
----------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

Date:    Wed, 5 May 1993 07:23:39 -0400
From:    jem3@CC.BELLCORE.COM
Subject: USAAF 4 MAY 43

COMBAT CHRONOLOGY OF THE US ARMY AIR FORCES
TUESDAY, 4 MAY 1943
FTP SITES
  1. ftp.rutgers.edu in directory pub/wwii/usaf
  2. byrd.mu.wvnet.edu (129.71.32.152) in pub/history/military/wwii/usaaf

AIRCRAFT MENTIONED IN THIS REPORT:
  A-20, Douglas Havoc
  B-17, Boeing Flying Fortress
  B-24, Consolidated Liberator
  B-25, North American Mitchell
  F-5, Lockheed Lightning
  LB-30, Consolidated Liberator
  P-38, Lockheed Lightning
  P-40, Curtiss
  P-47, Republic Thunderbolt

AMERICAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS
  ALASKA (Eleventh Air Force)
    In the Aleutians, 5 B-24's, 6 B-25's, 8 P-38's, 2 P-40's and 2 F-5A's
take off on 2 Kiska and Attu missions. Missions to Kiska abort due to
weather. At Attu targets include Chichagof Harbor, AA positions at Holtz
Bay, and a floatplane.
  The 36th Bombardment Squadron (Heavy), 28th Composite Group with B-24's
transfers from Fort Greeley on Kodiak Island to Amchitka Island.

  CARIBBEAN (Sixth Air Force)
    The 397th Bombardment Squadron (Heavy), 6th Bombardment Group (Heavy)
with B-24's and LB-30's transfers from Talara, Peru to Rio Hato, Panama.

CHINA-BURMA-INDIA THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  CHINA (Fourteenth Air Force)
    In French Indochina, 18 B-24's bomb dock installations, coal yards,
and oil storage area at Samah on Hainan Island; 9 B-25's pound docks at
Haiphong; 19 P-40's escort B-17's and B-25's to Hanoi and then proceed
with B-25's to Haiphong and strafe the target area following the bombing
strike.

EUROPEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Eighth Air Force)
  VIII Bomber Command Mission No. 54: 79 B-17's are dispatched against the
former Ford and General Motors plants at Antwerp, Belgium; 65 aircraft
hit the target between 1839 and 1843 hours local. We claim 10-0-2 Luftwaffe
aircraft; 16 B-17's are damaged.  Casualties are 3 WIA.  The B-17's are
escorted by 117 P-47C's up to 175 miles (280 km) from base. A diversion is
flown by 20 B-17's and 13 B-24's towards the French coast arousing more
than 100 German fighters (about half of the total number in the region) and
keeping many of them airborne long enough to prevent their attacking the
main effort. None of the 33 diversionary aircraft are damaged or lost.

MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Ninth Air Force)
    In Italy, B-24's attack shipping at Reggio di Calabria and Taranto.
    In Tunisia, B-25's hit Zaghouan, including a landing ground and a road
running to Bou Ficha. P-40's fly sea patrol and escort, as well as
fighter-bomber missions in the Zaghouan area.

  WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Northwest African Air Force)
    In Tunisia, weather restricts Northwest African Strategic Air Force
(NASAF) operations to a reconnaissance and uneventful shipping sweep;
Northwest African Tactical Air Force (NATAF) fighters attack gun positions
and vehicles near Zaghouan and Massicault and at other points in the
surrounding areas. A-20's and medium bombers hit Zaghouan in support of
the French advance.

SOUTH PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Thirteenth Air Force)
  In the Solomons, B-17's fly snooper strikes during the night of 3/4 May
against Vila Airfield and the Rekata Bay area. P-40's join Navy aircraft
in a strike on Vangavanga.

SOUTHWEST PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Fifth Air Force)
  In New Guinea, B-24's bomb Babo and the town area, harbor, and shipping
at Wewak.
  In the Bismarck Archipelago, single B-24's hit barges off the N coast of
New Britain.

SOURCES:
AIR FORCE COMBAT UNITS OF WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force History,
  Headquarters USAF, 1961, ISBN 0-912799-02-1
COMBAT SQUADRONS OF THE AIR FORCE, WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force
  History, Headquarters USAF 1982
THE ARMY AIR FORCES IN WORLD WAR II: COMBAT CHRONOLOGY, 1941-1945 by the
  Office of Air Force History, Headquarters USAF, 1973
THE MIGHTY EIGHTH WAR DIARY by Roger A. Freeman, ISBN 1-85409-071-2

Jack McKillop
USAF (Airways and Air Communications Service)
1955-59


----------------------------------------------------------------------
|  Jack McKillop      |  Those who have long enjoyed such privileges |
|  Bellcore           |  as we enjoy forget in time that men have    |
|  Piscataway, NJ     |  died to win them.     FDR                   |
|  USA                |  jem3@cc.bellcore.com                        |
----------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

Date:    Wed, 5 May 1993 08:13:57 -0400
From:    jem3@CC.BELLCORE.COM
Subject: USAAF 5 MAY 43

COMBAT CHRONOLOGY OF THE US ARMY AIR FORCES
WEDNESDAY, 5 MAY 1943
FTP SITES
  1. ftp.rutgers.edu in directory pub/wwii/usaf
  2. byrd.mu.wvnet.edu (129.71.32.152) in pub/history/military/wwii/usaaf

AIRCRAFT MENTIONED IN THIS REPORT:
  B-17, Boeing Flying Fortress
  B-24, Consolidated Liberator
  B-25, North American Mitchell
  B-26, Martin Marauder
  F-5, Lockheed Lightning
  F4U, Vought Corsair (USN)
  P-38, Lockheed Lightning
  P-40, Curtiss

AMERICAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Eleventh Air Force)
  In the Aleutians, the weather reconnaissance airplane over Attu observes
a floatplane burning on the water. Fourteen B-24's, 17 B-25's, 16 P-38's,
32 P-40's, and 5 F-5A's fly 4 attack missions to Attu and 6 [partly with
Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) pilots] to Kiska. Bombs are dropped on
Attu installations and fighters strafe and set afire 1 seaplane and
silence AA guns. Targets include Main Camp, a radar site, North and South
Head, runway, and Gertrude Cove installations.

CENTRAL PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Seventh Air Force)
  The 73d Fighter Squadron, 318th Fighter Group with P-40's transfers from
NAS Kaneohe to Mokuleia both in the Territory of Hawaii. The squadron will
begin transitioning to razorback P-47D's in late 1943.

MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Ninth Air Force)
    In Tunisia, P-40's strafe and bomb a bridge, vessels, docks,
warehouses, and other buildings at Nabeul harbor.

  WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Northwest African Air Force)
    In Sicily, Northwest African Strategic Air Force (NASAF) B-l7's bomb a
vessel off Capo San Vito.
    In Italy, B-25's and B-26's bomb shipping off Marettimo Island.
    In Tunisia, NASAF B-17's hit Tunis harbor and attack ships and docks
at La Goulette. B-25's and B-26's bomb shipping E of Cape Zebib, and hit a
landing ground at Galaat el Andeless and near Protville. Northwest African
Tactical Air Force (NATAF) fighters and bombers fly 6 missions against
strongholds on the NE and E slopes of Djebel Bou Aoukaz as the British 5
Corps' 1 Division attacks and gains the position. Fighters hit shipping in
Gulf of Tunis and attack landing grounds and concentrations near
Protville. Wellingtons bomb roads at Bir Meherga.
    After regrouping and re-equipping, HQ 14th Fighter Group and it's 37th
and 49th Fighter Squadrons with P-38's transfer from Mediouna, French
Morocco to Telergma, Algeria.

SOUTH PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Thirteenth Air Force)
  In the Solomons, P-38's and Navy F4U's administer thorough strafing to
Nyanga.

SOUTHWEST PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Fifth Air Force)
  In New Guinea, B-25's pound Toeal.
  In the Bismarck Archipelago, a lone B-24 bombs airfields at Cape
Gloucester and Gasmata.

SOURCES:
AIR FORCE COMBAT UNITS OF WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force History,
  Headquarters USAF, 1961, ISBN 0-912799-02-1
COMBAT SQUADRONS OF THE AIR FORCE, WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force
  History, Headquarters USAF 1982
THE ARMY AIR FORCES IN WORLD WAR II: COMBAT CHRONOLOGY, 1941-1945 by the
  Office of Air Force History, Headquarters USAF, 1973
THE MIGHTY EIGHTH WAR DIARY by Roger A. Freeman, ISBN 1-85409-071-2

Jack McKillop
USAF (Airways and Air Communications Service)
1955-59


----------------------------------------------------------------------
|  Jack McKillop      |  Those who have long enjoyed such privileges |
|  Bellcore           |  as we enjoy forget in time that men have    |
|  Piscataway, NJ     |  died to win them.     FDR                   |
|  USA                |  jem3@cc.bellcore.com                        |
----------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

Date:    Wed, 5 May 1993 10:20:06 -0400
From:    "M. Joseph Barone" <m1b@RAYSSD.SSD.RAY.COM>
Subject: Re: USAAF 4 MAY 43

> EUROPEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Eighth Air Force)
> ...A diversion is
> flown by 20 B-17's and 13 B-24's towards the French coast arousing more
> than 100 German fighters (about half of the total number in the region) and
> keeping many of them airborne long enough to prevent their attacking the
> main effort. None of the 33 diversionary aircraft are damaged or lost.

Do the bombers of the diversionary force carry a full load of bombs?
Do they carry any bombs?  Thanks.
--
Joe Barone
m1b@rayssd.ssd.ray.com
German Tanker: You?  You're the American Army!
      Oddball: No, baby, we're not.
        Kelly: Think of us as a private venture.

------------------------------

Date:    Wed, 5 May 1993 11:33:48 EDT
From:    "Dr. John C. Edwards" <JEDWARDS@UGA.BITNET>
Subject: World War II Radio Show

     WUGA, 91.7FM is producing a one-hour documentary centering on two U.S.
citizens who broadcast Nazi propaganda during World War II.  Entitled BERLIN
CALLING, the program is based on a book of the same title written by John
Edwards, an archivist with the University of Georgia Libraries.
     BERLIN CALLING deals with the lives of Robert Best of Spartanburg, South
Carolina, and Jane Anderson, of Atlanta, both of whom moved to Berlin during
the War to become mouthpieces for Hitler's propaganda ministry.  The program
will include interviews with historians and people who actually knew the
subjects, and will feature dramatic recreations as well as actual tape of the
half-century old broadcasts.
     Writer and producer David Bryant says "Each of them had distinct reasons
for abandoning the United States.  Anderson's story is somewhat of an adventure
tale, while Best's is more of a morality play or psycho-drama."
     Scheduled for completion by the end of this year, BERLIN CALLING will be
distributed nationally through National Public Radio in early 1994.  The
program is being written and produced by WUGA's Bryant, with author Edwards
providing informational support.
Interested individuals may contact David Bryant (706)542-1226 or
John Edwards (706)542-5766 or e-mail JEDWARDS@UGA.CC.UGA.EDU.

------------------------------

Date:    Wed, 5 May 1993 11:57:13 EDT
From:    "Dr. John C. Edwards" <JEDWARDS@UGA.BITNET>
Subject: World War II Commemorative Program, University of Georgia

     The final conference of The University of Georgia's World War II series
focuses on the war in terms of recent historiography and of popular thought
through contemporary fiction.  Novelist Bill Diehl, author of "27" will
discuss his own experiences as a veteran and as a writer.  Professors James
Nagel, author of HEMINGWAY IN LOVE AND WAR, and James Kilgo, author of FIVE
AMERICAN NOVELS OF WORLD WAR II, will join Mr. Diehl for a discussion of
writing wartime fiction.  Former Congressman Robert G. Stephens, Jr. and
Professors Albert G. Steer and Rolf Bargmann will present the second session
on the Nuremberg Trialsand their respective roles in this historic event.
Dean Rusk Professor of International RelationsMartin Hillenbrand will moderate
and comment on the Allied deNazification program in occupiedGermany.  In the
last session, Gerhard Weinberg (Kenan Professor of History at the University
of North Carolina and author of WORLD IN THE BALANCE:  BEHIND THE SCENES OF
WORLD WAR II), Robert Herzstein (Carolina Professor of History at the
University of South Carolina and author of THE WAR THAT HITLER WON), and
Earl Ziemke (veteran, Research Professor of History at UGA, and author of
BATTLE FOR BERLIN, END OF THIRD REICH) will look at issues underlying the
global struggle, the nature of the conflict, and the consequences and results
of the war.
     For further information  contact Sheryl Vogt (706)542-0619 or
John Edwards (706)542-5766.

------------------------------

Date:    Wed, 5 May 1993 12:15:41 EDT
From:    "AD16000@NEMOMUS.BITNET. --Scherrer,
         Tim A." <AD16%NEMOMUS.BITNET@MIZZOU1.MISSOURI.EDU>
Subject: World War II Airman's Preservation Society

I recently joined the World War II Airman's Preservation Society, which
is an organization of collectors and historians who re-enact, or attempt
to re-enact insome small way, and display what both flight and ground
personnel in the U.S. Army Air Forces around the world.

The WWII APS is set up as the 91st Bomb Group, 8th Air Force stationed
at Bassenbourn, England, with all of it's subordinate units.  Members
who wish to portray flight crew are assigned a position on a crew, as
well as an aircraft tail number and name.  At events where WWII aircraft
are present, living displays are set up, where members stand by the
aircraft and inform spectators of the role of each individual in the
crew (eg--I am the Navigator, My job is to......).  Ground crews do much
the same.The WWII APS is invited to many different airshows where WWII
aircraft are present, and are attending events such as the Memphis Belle
50th Anniversary of her last combat mission, and the 8th Air Force
reunion.

The WWII APS sets very high standards for authenticity, and personal
appearance.  USAAF hair standards of 1942 are enforced, and uniforms
must be original, or perfect reproductions.  It requires an outlay of to
set up a uniform, and then however large a display you wish to prepare.
I've seen several members of the WWII APS in full kit before, and they
look sharp.  Authenticity is a stckler---if you aren't interested in
doing it well, don't consider joining.

If you are interested in joining, there are several wings across the
United States, to include St. Louis, Chicago, Ohio and Pennsylvania.  It
cost $5 a year to join, for which you receive their newsletter,
"Contrails".  For further information, contact me by phone or E-mail, or
contact Jim Otto, 10657 St Veronica Court, St. Ann, MO 63074.

In the future, I will post an updated WWII HRS, and a WWII APS calender.

Please feel free to repost this on other any other list.

Tim A. Scherrer CPT, USAAF, Intelligence Officer, 91st Bomb Group, WWII
APS Obergefreiter, 11th Panzer Division, WWII HRS 1LT, MI, USAR (I think
I need a couple more ranks and titles)

------------------------------

Date:    Wed, 5 May 1993 14:35:38 -0400
From:    jem3@CC.BELLCORE.COM
Subject: Re: USAAF 4 MAY 43

        > EUROPEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Eighth Air Force)
        > ...A diversion is
        > flown by 20 B-17's and 13 B-24's towards the French coast arousing more
        > than 100 German fighters (about half of the total number in the region) and
        > keeping many of them airborne long enough to prevent their attacking the
        > main effort. None of the 33 diversionary aircraft are damaged or lost.

        Do the bombers of the diversionary force carry a full load of bombs?
        Do they carry any bombs?  Thanks.

There were diversionary raids where the bombers actually dropped
bombs on a lesser target.  But in the diversion flown above, they
normally did not carry bombs but just flew towards a target to get
the Luftwaffe up.

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 4 May 1993 16:00:46 -0400
From:    NNTP server account <usenet@CORANTO.UCS.MUN.CA>
Subject: <No subject given>

Newsgroups: mail.wwii-l
Path: kean.ucs.mun.ca!noller
From: noller@kean.ucs.mun.ca
Subject: Piece of Cake - A Novel about the Battle of Britain
Message-ID: <1993May4.172855.1@kean.ucs.mun.ca>
Lines: 8
Sender: usenet@news.ucs.mun.ca (NNTP server account)
Organization: Memorial University. St.John's Nfld, Canada
Date: Tue, 4 May 1993 20:58:55 GMT

I just finished reading Derick Robinson's "Piece of Cake". It follows the
fictional 'Hornet Sqn" from Britain's declaration of war on Germany to the
last of the Battle of Britain. I would highly recommend it to any air force
enthusiast; it even has a shit disturbing Yank in it for good measure (a
thouroughly delightful character to be sure).    ;^)

Mike, Memorial University

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 4 May 1993 15:50:34 -0400
From:    NNTP server account <usenet@CORANTO.UCS.MUN.CA>
Subject: <No subject given>

Newsgroups: mail.wwii-l
Path: kean.ucs.mun.ca!noller
From: noller@kean.ucs.mun.ca
Subject: Re: Narvic
Message-ID: <1993May4.171909.1@kean.ucs.mun.ca>
Lines: 9
Sender: usenet@news.ucs.mun.ca (NNTP server account)
Organization: Memorial University. St.John's Nfld, Canada
Date: Tue, 4 May 1993 20:49:09 GMT

Re: German forces in Norway and British failure to seize Narvic:

According to Liddel-Hart's "History of the Second World War", the British
were planning to invade Norway just before Germany's landings in that
country. Yes, they planned to kill any Norge who got in their way. Liddel-
Hart also mentions that charging German officers with the invasion of Norway
was one of the great hipocracies of the war. Interesting.

Mike, Memorial University

------------------------------

Date:    Wed, 5 May 1993 20:25:00 PST
From:    Stephen Fox <FOXS@AXE.HUMBOLDT.EDU>
Subject: Rhode Island Listees

Thanks to all of you who responded to my message about the death notice.
I received a package from Steven Gomes Monday with everything I need.

This is a good example (as far as I am concerned) of the inestimable value
of the list and e-mail in general.  Thanks again!!!!!

        Steve

ex
********************************************
*       Steve Fox                          *
*       History Department                 *
*       Humboldt State University          *
*       Arcata, CA  95521                  *
*       (707) 826-4788                     *
*       foxs@axe.humboldt.edu              *
********************************************

------------------------------

End of WWII-L Digest - 4 May 1993 to 5 May 1993
***********************************************

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Status: O

There are 11 messages totalling 600 lines in this issue.

Topics of the day:

  1. How to order from GPO.
  2. GPO store locations & phone numbers
  3. USAAF 6 MAY 43 (2)
  4. Reply to your memo dated         Tue, 4 May 1993 16:00:46 -0400
  5. Krupp's Gustav a.k.a. Dora
  6. D-Day 50th Anniversary!
  7. Horoscope (2)
  8. OPS: Japanese Amphibious Operations, 12/14 (2)

----------------------------------------------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 6 May 1993 00:41:09 EST
From:    Larry Jewell <jewell@MACE.CC.PURDUE.EDU>
Subject: How to order from GPO.

How to Order

1. Use the information obtained from the catalog of Government Publications
   within this data base or use the latest edition of Government Periodicals
   and Subscription Services (Price List 36) or the latest available edition
   of the GPO Sales Publication Reference File when ordering subscriptions.

2. Always indicate whether the order is for an entire subscription service or
   for an individual issue.

3. If you are requesting an entire subscription service, indicate whether it
   is a new order or a renewal.  Renewal notices are normally mailed out 90
   days prior to the expiration of the current subscription period (except
   for revised basic and supplemental subscriptions). Do not send in renewals
   until you have received the GPO subscription renewal form. The GPO form
   will ensure uninterrupted service to your subscription provided it is
   returned within the time specified on the form.

4. Order by the complete title of each subscription service and by the
   subscription list ID (the subscription list ID appears in brackets in the
   lower left corner after each descriptive paragraph for each subscription,
   e.g., BGN for Background Notes on Countries of the World). To expedite
   the processing of your order, include the File Code listed in parentheses
   under the subscription list ID, e.g. File Code 2M.

5. If you are requesting an individual issue of a subscription service,
   please provide the complete title, volume number, issue number and date if
   the issue is a dated (regularly issued) periodical. Individual issues
   are retained for only a limited period of time, and the number of back
   issues retained will vary depending on the nature of the periodical. The
   number of back issues retained appears in brackets following the single
   copy price, e.g., Single copy price: Domestic - $2.00 a copy; Foreign -
   $2.50 a copy [12]. (NOTE: There are some periodicals which do not have
   single copy sales and some which have single copies sold by the
   issuing agency. However, some back issues are retained for office use in
   filling lost claims or replacing copies damaged in delivery. These will
   appear in bold type in price list 36 and single copies cannot ordered
   on those periodicals unless advised they are for sale by the issuing
   agency.)

6. Single copies of some irregularly issued subscriptions are also
   available for sale. Contact the Superintendent of Documents (unless
   directed to another source in the descriptive portion of the Subscription
   item) for availability and price information. Records of individual issues
   of certain irregular subscriptions are also classified on the GPO Sales
   Publications Reference File. Single issues of basic and supplemental
   subscriptions are not for sale.

7. Subscriptions are accepted for one year only, unless otherwise specified.
   On basic and supplemental services, customers will receive all material to
   date and supplemental material which is issued for the remainder of the
   subscription period. Customers requesting dated periodicals receive the
   next scheduled issue of the calendar year subscriptions (i.e., Monthly C
   atalog of U.S. Government Publications, Index Medicus, Code of Federal
   Regulations, National Library of Medicine Audiovisuals Catalog, Type
   Certificate Data Sheets and Specifications, Volume I through VI,
   Microfiche) for which back material is provided to customers regardless of
   when they submit their orders during the year.

8. Mail Orders should be addressed to :
   Superintendent of Documents
   U.S. Government Printing Office
   Washington, D.C. 20402

9. Include on your order your complete name and address, a telephone number
   where you can be reached during the day, date, order number or purchase
   order number (if any), Deposit Account Number (if applicable), and
   shipping address if the order is to be shipped to another location. Also
   include quantity, Sub List ID, File Code, title, price, first-class or
   airmail postage costs (when desired) and total cost of the order.

10. Telephone orders may be placed to reduce processing time if your order
    is to be charged to a VISA, MasterCard, or prepaid Superintendent of
    Documents Deposit Account. Customers may call the Order Desk in
    Washington, D.C. at (202) 783-3238 (nonFTS commercial number), between
    8:00 a.m. and 4:00 p.m., eastern time, Monday through Friday, except
    holidays.

11. Telephone ordering service is also provided by GPO bookstores if an
    order is to be charged to one of the accounts described above (refer to
    the list of bookstores on the reverse side of the order blanks in the
    Government Periodicals and Subscription Services Price List 36 or to
    the list provided in this database).  Orders for subscription services
    or single subscription issues not avialable from the bookstore will be
    forwarded by the bookstore to the Central Office (GPO) in Washington,
    D.C., for processing.

12. Teletype ordering is available to those customers who have access to
    such equipment. Orders must be charged to VISA, Mastercard, or prepaid
    Superintendent of Documents Deposit Account and can be placed by dialing
    TWX 710 822-9413; ANSWERBACK USGPO WSH.

------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 6 May 1993 00:41:47 EST
From:    Larry Jewell <jewell@MACE.CC.PURDUE.EDU>
Subject: GPO store locations & phone numbers

U.S. Government Printing Office Bookstores
To serve you better, the GPO operates 25 bookstores in 21 cities around the
country. While the bookstores carry only a small percentage of the many
thousands of titles in our active sales inventory, they do have the ones
most in demand and can accept orders for any not carried in a store. Single
issues of some of the more popular periodicals are available in the stores
for over the counter sales.

The Retail Sales Outlet in Laurel, Maryland is a part of our Retail
Distribution Dvision and has access to all titles currently in stock.
Customers having an immediate need for one or more publications are
encouraged to pick up their books at the Laurel Retail Sales Outlet where
feasible. Before going to Laurel, please call our order desk at 202/783-3238
to check on the price, stock number, and availability of the publication(s)
desired.

All of our bookstores and the sales outlet accept MasterCard, VISA,, or
prepaid Superintendent of Documents deposit account charges. If one of our
bookstores or the Laurel outlet is convenient to you, why not stop in and
get acquainted. Our managers and their staffs will be happy to answer any
questions you may have about our many publications and services. The
addresses and phone numbers of the bookstore and the retail sales outlets
are listed below.

Bookstores

Atlanta
Room 100, Federal Building
275 Peachtree Street, N
E Atlanta,Georgia 30303
(404) 221-6947

Birmingham
9220-B Parkway East Roebuck Shopping City
Birmingham, Alabama 35206
(205) 254-1056


Boston
Room G25, Federal Building
Sudbury Street
Boston, Mass. 02203
(617) 233-6071

Chicago
Room 1365 Federal Building
219 South Dearborn St.
Chicago, Illinois 60604
(312) 353-5133

Cleveland
First Floor, Federal Building
1240 East Ninth St.
Cleveland, Ohio 44199
(216) 522-4922

Columbus
Room 207, Federal Building
200 North High Street
Columbus, Ohio 43215
(614) 469-6956

Dallas
Room 1C50, Federal Building
1100 Commerce Street
Dallas, Texas 75242
(214) 767-0076

Denver
Room 117, Federal Building
1961 Stout Street
Denver, Colorado 80294
(303) 837-3964

Detroit
Federal Building Suite 160
477 Michigan Avenue
Detroit, Michigan 48226
(313) 226-7816

Houston
45 College Center
9319 Gulf Freeway
Houston, Texas 77017
(713) 229-3515/16

Jacksonville
Room 158, Federal Building
400 West Bay Street
Jacksonville, Florida 32202
(904) 791-3801

Kansas City
Room 144, Federal Building
601 East 12th Street
Kansas City, Missouri
64106 (816) 374-2160

Los Angeles
ARCO Plaza, C Level
505 S. Flower St.
Los Angeles, Ca. 90071
(213) 688-5841

Milwaukee
Room 190, Federal Building
517 E. Wisconsin Ave.
Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53202
(414) 291-1304

New York
Room 110 26 Federal Plaza
New York, New York 10278
(212) 264-3825

Philadelphia
Room 1214, Federal Building
600 Arch St.
Philadelphia, Pa. 19106
(215)596-0667

Pittsburgh
Room 118, Federal Building
1000 Liberty Avenue
Pittsburgh, Pa. 15222
(412) 644-2721

Pueblo
World Savings Bldg.
720 North Main Street
Pueblo, Colorado 81003
(303) 544-3142

San Francisco
Room 1023, Federal Building
450 Golden Gate Avenue
San Francisco, Ca. 94102
(415) 556-0643

Seattle
Room 194, Federal Building
915 Second Avenue Seattle,
Washington 98174
(206) 442-4270

Washington, D.C.
Government Printing Office
710 North Capitol Street, NW.
Washington, D.C. 20401
(202) 275-2091

Department of Commerce
14th & E Streets, NW Room 1604, First Floor
Washington, D.C. 20230
(202) 377-3527

Department of Health and Human Services
Room 1528, H.H.S. North Bldg.
330 Independence Ave. SW
Washington, D.C. 20201
(202) 472-7478

Farragut West Matomic Building
1717 H Street N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20555
(202) 653-5075

Pentagon Main Concourse,
South End Room 2E172
Washington, D.C.
(703) 557-1821

RETAIL SALES OUTLET
Laurel
8660 Cherry Lane
Laurel, Maryland 20707
(301) 953-7974

------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 6 May 1993 08:14:10 -0400
From:    jem3@CC.BELLCORE.COM
Subject: USAAF 6 MAY 43

COMBAT CHRONOLOGY OF THE US ARMY AIR FORCES
THURSDAY, 6 MAY 1943
FTP SITES
  1. ftp.rutgers.edu in directory pub/wwii/usaf
  2. byrd.mu.wvnet.edu (129.71.32.152) in pub/history/military/wwii/usaaf

AIRCRAFT MENTIONED IN THIS REPORT:
  A-20, Douglas Havoc
  B-17, Boeing Flying Fortress
  B-24, Consolidated Liberator
  B-25, North American Mitchell
  B-26, Martin Marauder
  P-38, Lockheed Lightning
  P-40, Curtiss

AMERICAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Eleventh Air Force)
  In the Aleutians, B-24's, B-25's and P-38's drop over 52 tons (47.2
tonnes) on Attu targets including Holtz Bay, Sarana Bay, and the Chichagof
Harbor area and nearby gun positions. Kiska is also hit. Targets include
radar gun positions and the Gertrude Cove and Main Camp areas. Returning
P-38's also bomb and strafe a hut on Rat Island. P-40's blast Kiska and
Little Kiska.

MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Ninth Air Force)
    In Italy, B-24's bomb Reggio di Calabria harbor, hitting several
vessels and shore installations.
    In Tunisia, B-25's attack Furna and Massicault and surrounding areas.
P-40's hit shipping in the Gulf of Tunis and vehicles and buildings along
the coast.

  WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Northwest African Air Force)
    In Sicily, Northwest African Strategic Air Force (NASAF) B-17's,
escorted by fighters, bomb Marsala and Trapani.
    In Italy, B-25's and B-26's, escorted by fighters, bomb a convoy SW of
Marettimo Island, the port of Favignana, and vessels W of Mitrettimo.
    In Tunisia, the British 18 Army Group opens the final assault on Tunis
and Bizerte before dawn. The assault is supported by massed artillery fire
and the most intensive air bombardment yet employed in North Africa.
Northwest African Tactical Air Force (NATAF) airplanes bomb El Aouina, La
Sebala, and Ariana Airfields during the night of 5/6 May. Today, fighters,
A-20's, and medium bombers fly over 1,400 sorties, attacking Protville and
La Sebala Airfields, trucks on the Massicault-Tunis road, Bordj Frendj,
Djebel Achour, traffic SW of Tunis, troops N of Massicault, the Djedeida-
Saint-Cyprien road, the road S of Djedeida, and numerous other points of
strength in extreme NE Tunisia.  B-25's and B-26's bomb 2 beached vessels
at Cape Zebib, and ships, a lighthouse, and parked aircraft near Capes
Fortass, Zebib, Cap Serrat and at Protville. Fighters escort the bombing
missions.
    The 48th Fighter Squadron, 14th Fighter Group with P-38's transfers
from Mediouna, French Morocco to Telergma, Algeria.

SOUTH PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Thirteenth Air Force)
  In the Solomons, P-40's and Navy dive bombers and fighters hit Munda
Airfield. During the evening, B-24's carry out harassing strikes on Kahili
Airfield and on Fauro and Balla Island.
  HQ 4th Photographic Reconnaissance and Mapping Group transfers from
Espiritu Santo to Guadalcanal.

SOUTHWEST PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Fifth Air Force)
  In New Guinea, A-20's hit forces in the Green's Hill area. Single B-24's
hit Madang and Finschhafen while other B-24's hit Manokwari and Toeal..
  In Timor, B-25's pound Dili.

SOURCES:
AIR FORCE COMBAT UNITS OF WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force History,
  Headquarters USAF, 1961, ISBN 0-912799-02-1
COMBAT SQUADRONS OF THE AIR FORCE, WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force
  History, Headquarters USAF 1982
THE ARMY AIR FORCES IN WORLD WAR II: COMBAT CHRONOLOGY, 1941-1945 by the
  Office of Air Force History, Headquarters USAF, 1973
THE MIGHTY EIGHTH WAR DIARY by Roger A. Freeman, ISBN 1-85409-071-2

Jack McKillop
USAF (Airways and Air Communications Service)
1955-59


----------------------------------------------------------------------
|  Jack McKillop      |  Those who have long enjoyed such privileges |
|  Bellcore           |  as we enjoy forget in time that men have    |
|  Piscataway, NJ     |  died to win them.     FDR                   |
|  USA                |  jem3@cc.bellcore.com                        |
----------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 6 May 1993 09:15:00 CDT
From:    Bill Kupersmith <BLAWRKWY@UIAMVS.BITNET>
Subject: Reply to your memo dated         Tue, 4 May 1993 16:00:46 -0400

There was a British television version shown on American
public television on Masterpiece Theatre last summer.  I
quite enjoyed it.  Most noticeable change was that the Hurricanes
were played by Spitfires--I assume because there aren't enough
Hurricanes left to give the impression of a fighter squadron.

--Bill Kupersmith
University of Iowa

------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 6 May 1993 16:14:01 MEZ
From:    Randy Andy Psycho <taumer@EDVZ.SBG.AC.AT>
Subject: Re: Krupp's Gustav a.k.a. Dora

hi

------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 6 May 1993 12:02:35 -0500
From:    Larry Jewell <jewell@MACE.CC.PURDUE.EDU>
Subject: Re: D-Day 50th Anniversary!

Reposted from soc.veterans:

Found In "Naval History" Magazine, Summer 1993:


                      Action on the North Atlantic 1944
                          The Normandy Convoy!  D-Day

       The greatest armada in history was assembled by the Allies in June
  1944 as they breached Hitler's Atlantic Wall.  Never again will the world
  see such a gathering of ships!  Soon, in commemoration of the 50th anniver-
  sary of this great Allied victory, a magnificent celebration will be held
  on the beaches of Normandy.  As a part of that celebration, the volunteer
  crews of the three steaming World War II Merchant Marine memorials S.S.
  John W. Brown, S.S. Jeremiah O'Brien and S.S. Lane Victory are planning a
  voyage, in convoy, to Europe and the invasion beaches.
       To help make this voyage a reality, you can:  sign on as a volunteer
  crew member; become a corporate sponsor, earning an opportunity to show-
  case your company's products on board the vessels as they tour Europe
  after the Normandy Commemoration; support the effort with your contribution.
       For more information, contact:

        Mr. John Boylston               RAdm. Tom Patterson
        President                       c/o Ms. Marci Hooper
        Project Liberty Ship            Business Manager
        P.O. Box 311                    S.S. Jeremiah O'Brien
        Solomons, MD  20688             National Liberty Ship Memorial
        FAX: (410) 326-6150             Fort Mason Center, Building A
                                        San Francisco, CA  94123-1382
                                        FAX:  (415) 567-9715

        Mr. Clint Johnson
        U.S. Merchant Marine
        Veterans of WWII
        S.S. Lane Victory
        P.O. Box 629
        San Pedro, CA  90733-0629
        FAX: (310) 519-0265

Larry J
--
#L.W. Jewell Moderator at the Veterans Information Site (veteran@cc.purdue.edu)#
#& WWII-L Listowner: "Sunday's horoscope is note worthy because of its strange,#
#sudden and wholly unpredictable and inexplicable occurrences, affecting all   #
#phases of life." "Your Horoscope" L.A. Evening Herald Express, Sat, 12/06/41  #

------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 6 May 1993 15:28:07 -0500
From:    Neal Smith <sasrns@UNX.SAS.COM>
Subject: Re: Horoscope

 "Sunday's horoscope is note worthy because of its strange,#
> #sudden and wholly unpredictable and inexplicable occurrences, affecting all   #
> #phases of life." "Your Horoscope" L.A. Evening Herald Express, Sat, 12/06/41  #
>

  Pardon me, but this is the first time I noticed this.

  Was this written for all of the Zodiac signs or was this one of those
"If you were born on this day..." things?

  Another thing...  If the astrologers new about it then why didn't
we listen closer to our own guys?  8-)


Neal Smith
sasrns@unx.sas.com

------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 6 May 1993 22:26:48 +0200
From:    Chris Scogings <cscoging@UNPCS1.CS.UNP.AC.ZA>
Subject: Re: USAAF 6 MAY 43

>AMERICAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Eleventh Air Force)
>  In the Aleutians, [...]. Returning P-38's also bomb and strafe a hut
>on Rat Island.

A HUT !!!?

You know the pilots are frustrated when...
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Chris Scogings                      Voice: (27) 331 955645
Computer Science Dept                 Fax: (27) 331 955599
University of Natal
Pietermaritzburg                   E-Mail:cscoging@unpcs1.cs.unp.ac.za
----------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 6 May 1993 17:47:58 EST
From:    Larry Jewell <jewell@MACE.CC.PURDUE.EDU>
Subject: Re: Horoscope

>
>"Sunday's horoscope is note worthy because of its strange,#
>sudden and wholly unpredictable and inexplicable occurrences, affecting all   #
>phases of life." "Your Horoscope" L.A. Evening Herald Express, Sat, 12/06/41  #

>
>   Pardon me, but this is the first time I noticed this.
>
>   Was this written for all of the Zodiac signs or was this one of those
> "If you were born on this day..." things?

I swiped it from an special issue of Life magazine covering Pearl Harbor.
What you see is what they printed, so I don't know any more about the line.

>   Another thing...  If the astrologers new about it then why didn't
> we listen closer to our own guys?  8-)

EVERYBODY knew the Japanes were going to attack Pearl Harbor, yes?
(Uh, everybody check the charter before this topic gets out of hand, OK?)

> Neal Smith
> sasrns@unx.sas.com

Larry J

#L.W. Jewell Moderator at the Veterans Information Site (veteran@cc.purdue.edu)#
#& WWII-L Listowner: "Sunday's horoscope is note worthy because of its strange,#
#sudden and wholly unpredictable and inexplicable occurrences, affecting all   #
#phases of life." "Your Horoscope" L.A. Evening Herald Express, Sat, 12/06/41  #

------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 6 May 1993 21:23:05 EDT
From:    Robert E George <regeorge@MAGNUS.ACS.OHIO-STATE.EDU>
Subject: OPS: Japanese Amphibious Operations, 12/14

On p.174 of "Fallen Stars: Eleven Studies of Twentieth Century
Military Disasters" Duncan Anderson writes:

     "By the third week of December [1941], the Japanese had launched
nine amphibious operations. Six of these had been successful because
unopposed; of the three that had been opposed, two ended in defeat and
one in near disaster."

On p. 187 he lists:

Opposed:  Kotabaru   December 8
        Wake  Island   December 12
          Hong Kong    December 17


Can anybody (will anybody -- I'm sure many can) post some details
about these?

Rob

------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 6 May 1993 21:16:52 EST
From:    Larry Jewell <jewell@MACE.CC.PURDUE.EDU>
Subject: Re: OPS: Japanese Amphibious Operations, 12/14

>
> On p.174 of "Fallen Stars: Eleven Studies of Twentieth Century
> Military Disasters" Duncan Anderson writes:
>
>      "By the third week of December [1941], the Japanese had launched
> nine amphibious operations. Six of these had been successful because
> unopposed; of the three that had been opposed, two ended in defeat and
> one in near disaster."

  Presumably the three listed below are not the defeats though Wake was
a near disaster due to the underestimation of the willingness of the
garrison there to fight.  (Not that the garrison at Kota Bharu or Hong
Kong didn't want to fight, but since I've fought with, and occasionally
against U.S. Marines, you have to know that those guys are just plain
stubborn.)

> On p. 187 he lists:
>
> Opposed:  Kotabaru   December 8

            No serious opposition. Yamashita had expected 1000 casualties,
            he got 27.

>           Wake  Island   December 12

            1st Invasion postponed when shore batteries abused IJN ships.

>           Hong Kong    December 17

            The assault on Hong Kong started on December 8th, Tokyo time
and the commander of the garrison thought he could hold out for a week to
ten days.

> Can anybody (will anybody -- I'm sure many can) post some details
> about these?
>
> Rob
>
Larry J

------------------------------

End of WWII-L Digest - 5 May 1993 to 6 May 1993
***********************************************

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There are 4 messages totalling 246 lines in this issue.

Topics of the day:

  1. USAAF 7 MAY 43
  2. Airshows (3)

----------------------------------------------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 7 May 1993 07:20:17 -0400
From:    jem3@CC.BELLCORE.COM
Subject: USAAF 7 MAY 43

COMBAT CHRONOLOGY OF THE US ARMY AIR FORCES
FRIDAY, 7 MAY 1943
FTP SITES
  1. ftp.rutgers.edu in directory pub/wwii/usaf
  2. byrd.mu.wvnet.edu (129.71.32.152) in pub/history/military/airforce/
     wwii_chronology

AIRCRAFT MENTIONED IN THIS REPORT:
  A-20, Douglas Havoc
  B-17, Boeing Flying Fortress
  B-24, Consolidated Liberator
  B-25, North American Mitchell
  P-40, Curtiss
  Wellington, Vickers (RAF)

AMERICAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Eleventh Air Force)
  In the Aleutians, an attempted mission to Kiska by 6 P-40's is aborted
due to weather.

EUROPEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Eighth Air Force)
  In England, Lieutenant General Jacob L. Devers is appointed Commanding
General European Theater of Operations, U.S. Army replacing General
Andrews who was killed in Iceland on Monday.

MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Ninth Air Force)
    In Tunisia, B-25's hit the town of Kelibia. P-40's bomb and strafe
shipping in the Gulf of Tunis, severely damaging 3 boats.

  WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Northwest African Air Force)
    In Sicily during the night of 6/7 May, Northwest African Strategic Air
Force (NASAF) Wellingtons bomb the docks and shipping at Trapani as a
diversion for a mine-laying mission off Malta.
    In Tunisia, NASAF P-40's attack motor vessels, the quay and dock area
at Tunis harbor. Northwest African Tactical Air Force (NATAF) fighters,
A-20's, and medium bombers hit El Aouina Airfield and traffic on the roads
around Tunis, especially the Tunis-Bizerte road, as the Allied forces of
Lieutenant General Harold R. Alexander's 18 Army Group overrun both Tunis
and Bizerte, splitting the enemy's forces.

SOUTHWEST PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Fifth Air Force)
  In New Guinea, B-17's and B-24's bomb the airfield, supply dumps, and
other targets at Madang while A-20's hit forces in the Green's Hill area.
  In Timor, B-25's pound Penfoei.

SOURCES:
AIR FORCE COMBAT UNITS OF WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force History,
  Headquarters USAF, 1961, ISBN 0-912799-02-1
COMBAT SQUADRONS OF THE AIR FORCE, WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force
  History, Headquarters USAF 1982
THE ARMY AIR FORCES IN WORLD WAR II: COMBAT CHRONOLOGY, 1941-1945 by the
  Office of Air Force History, Headquarters USAF, 1973
THE MIGHTY EIGHTH WAR DIARY by Roger A. Freeman, ISBN 1-85409-071-2

Jack McKillop
USAF (Airways and Air Communications Service)
1955-59


----------------------------------------------------------------------
|  Jack McKillop      |  Those who have long enjoyed such privileges |
|  Bellcore           |  as we enjoy forget in time that men have    |
|  Piscataway, NJ     |  died to win them.     FDR                   |
|  USA                |  jem3@cc.bellcore.com                        |
----------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 7 May 1993 14:48:04 -0400
From:    jem3@CC.BELLCORE.COM
Subject: Airshows

          AIRSHOWS IN THE NORTHEASTERN UNITED STATES, 1993
                     ISSUE 2, MAY 7, 1993

This is the latest list of airshows in the Northeastern U.S. that I have
been able to compose.  The list is sorted by state and any military aerobatic
or parachute team appearing is noted.  Also noted is any known telephone
numbers; please call the telephone number listed for further information.
I will gladly update this list with any additions, changes and/or
deletions.  Just e-mail me at jem3@cc.bellcore.com

REASON FOR REISSUE
------------------
Add McGuire AFB, New Jersey (I understand that their theme this
year is nostalgia and they are trying to get REAL airplanes, i.e.,
those with propellers!!


CONNECTICUT
-----------
Meriden: August 29 (203-238-1911)

DELAWARE
--------
Nothing listed

MAINE
-----
Bingham: September 24-26 (207-672-4135)
NAS Brunswick: Golden Knights, July 24-25 (207-921-2527)

MARYLAND
--------
Andrews AFB: Golden Knights, May 14-16; Thunderbirds, May 14-15
College Park: September 18-19 (301-864-5844)
NAS Patuxent River: Blue Angels, May 22; Golden Knights, May 22-23
  (301-863-1141)
US Naval Academy, Annapolis: Blue Angels, May 24 (they will be practicing
  at the USNA on May 23 between 2 and 4 PM)

MASSACHUSETTS
-------------
Andover: Golden Knights, May 31
Hanscom AFB: Golden Knights and Thunderbirds, June 26-27
NAS South Weymouth: Blue Angels, June 12-13 (617-785-2786)

NEW HAMPSHIRE
-------------
Concord: Golden Knights, June 26-27
Pease AFB(?): September 25-26 (617-274-0002)

NEW JERSEY
----------
McGuire AFB: September 26 (609-724-2358)
Readington: July 30-August 1 (908-534-4000)
Sussex: August 27-29 (201-875-0783 and 201-875-7337)

NEW YORK
--------
Coney Island: Thunderbirds, May 29
Elmira: Blue Angels, July 3-4
Geneseo: August 20-22 (716-385-2390)
Rochester: Thunderbirds, May 16 (716-243-2255)

PENNSYLVANIA
------------
Erie: July 17-18 (814-833-7343)
Franklin: June 26-27 (814-432-5333)
Latrobe: Golden Knights, May 8-9
Mifflintown: June 27 (717-436-6036)
Quakertown: June 4-6 (215-997-9519 or 215-538-3055)
Reading: August 28-29 (215-372-4666)
Wilkes-Barre/Scranton IAP: Blue Angels and Golden Knights, August 21-22

RHODE ISLAND
------------
North Kingstown: Golden Knights, May 29-30; Thunderbirds,  May 30
  (401-888-1420)

VERMONT
-------
Burlington: Golden Knights, September 18-19

VIRGINIA
--------
Langley AFB: August 7
Manassas: September 18-19 (703-631-2423)
NAS Oceana: Blue Angels, September 11-12 (804-433-2818)
Norfolk Harborfest: June 4-6 (804-627-5329)
Richmond: May 22-23

WEST VIRGINIA
-------------
Huntington: Golden Knights, May 15-16 (614-532-0435)

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 7 May 1993 16:23:50 -0400
From:    John Peterson <PETERSJL3522@SNYONEVA.BITNET>
Subject: Re: Airshows

     Hi all.  Seeing this list reminded me of something that may be of
interest to many of you.  This year, for the first time since the
tradition began, the Griffiss AFB Annual Open House at Rome, NY has
been cancelled.  It was always a great show with a huge turnout and
about every other year had either the Blue Angels or the Thunderbirds.
They also always had lots of vintage aircraft and aircraft demos.  The
reason??  Griffiss has been cut back in the DOD budget cuts and can't
afford to do it.  It's sad that things like this are happening and will
continue to happen over the next few years, but that's the way it goes.
Many of Griffiss' operations are being moved to Plattsburgh AFB--I doubt
as many people will show up to something of the sort there,but....

     My apologies if most or all of you already knew about this, but I
felt I would make my consternation known.  The Open House will be
sorely missed in central NY, the next closest air shows are in Geneseo
and Fulton.  Thanks for your time.

John Peterson
petersjl3522@snyoneva.cc.oneonta.edu

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 7 May 1993 19:57:11 CDT
From:    "Robert J. Granvin" <rjg@UMNSTAT.STAT.UMN.EDU>
Subject: Re: Airshows

>      Hi all.  Seeing this list reminded me of something that may be of
> interest to many of you.  This year, for the first time since the
> tradition began, the Griffiss AFB Annual Open House at Rome, NY has
> been cancelled.  It was always a great show with a huge turnout and
> about every other year had either the Blue Angels or the Thunderbirds.
> They also always had lots of vintage aircraft and aircraft demos.  The
> reason??  Griffiss has been cut back in the DOD budget cuts and can't
> afford to do it.  It's sad that things like this are happening and will
> continue to happen over the next few years, but that's the way it goes.
> Many of Griffiss' operations are being moved to Plattsburgh AFB--I doubt
> as many people will show up to something of the sort there,but....
>
>      My apologies if most or all of you already knew about this, but I
> felt I would make my consternation known.  The Open House will be
> sorely missed in central NY, the next closest air shows are in Geneseo
> and Fulton.  Thanks for your time.

It's worse than that, because you're going to be seeing less and less and
less.  The National Guard has always been very good about sending aircraft
to shows large and small on "training missions."  (The guard is also
popular because they are not restricted by the 8,000' with arresting
gear requirements of the regular military).

Yet, the guard and all other military branches are _already_ cutting back
on all training flights which means less appearance at airshows and
displays.

The budget cuts are going to hurt everybody... Not just the big shows that
have to close.  Smaller ones that rely heavily on just a single jet to
be parked to attract another 5-10,000 people... These numbers mean a lot
to the non-profit organizations that rely exclusively on these shows.

Like I said, they're going to hurt everybody -- and at a time when it's
getting too expensive to do these shows.  Really unfortunate.  I didn't
vote for the person who is initiating this, so don't blame me... :-)

--
Robert J. Granvin                                    Southern Minnesota Wing
rjg@stat.umn.edu                                       Confederate Air Force
  You know you've made a gear-up landing when it takes full power to taxi.

------------------------------

End of WWII-L Digest - 6 May 1993 to 7 May 1993
***********************************************

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Subject:  WWII-L Digest - 7 May 1993 to 8 May 1993
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Status: O

There are 3 messages totalling 302 lines in this issue.

Topics of the day:

  1. San Fransisco Naval Displays, Part 1
  2. San Fransisco Naval Displays, Part 2
  3. WWII HRS and WWII APS Calender

----------------------------------------------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 7 May 1993 15:50:57 EDT
From:    "AD16000@NEMOMUS.BITNET. --Scherrer,
         Tim A." <AD16%NEMOMUS.BITNET@MIZZOU1.MISSOURI.EDU>
Subject: San Fransisco Naval Displays, Part 1

I spent the weekend before last in the San Fransisco Bay area, and
visited two Naval vessels on display.  This is the first of two postings
about my trip to WWII ships.  The first in the USS Pampinito.

The USS Pampanito is a WWII fleet submarine built in 1943 at the
Portsmouth Naval Shipyard, in New Hampshire.  She is Balao class, and
made six patrols during WWII.  She sank six Japanese ships and damages
for others, for a total of over 27,000 tons of enemy shipping sank.  I
can post more detailed information at a later date, if anyone is
interested in the specifics.

After WWII, she was eventually used by the Naval Reserve as a training
vessel, before being transfered to the National Maritime Museum
Association in 1976.  She was opened for display in 1982.

The USS Pampinato is berthed at Pier 45, Fisherman's Warf, in San
Fransisco.  A nominal fee was charged for admission, and that included a
small earphone paddle.  This earphone was a receiver that picked up the
self-guided tour recording for each comparment.  That was the only guida
nce for the tour--there were no guides available on the ship.

The tour started in the aft.  A hole had been cut to allow stairs to be
mounted.  The tour started in the aft torpedo room. It then proceeded
through the manuevering room, forward engine room, crew's quarters,
crew's mess and galley, radio room, pump room, control room, officer's
quarters, and ended in the forward torpedo room.  Unfortunately the con
was not part of the tour.  The con could only be see through the ladder
in the the control room.

The tour was about as good as could be expected without having a living
guide.  She is well restored, and appears to be in good condition.  It
is difficult going for those not used to moving in a submarine--small
hatches, and passageways (My US Navy friend kept hitting her head on the
hatches---while my, an Army type with no time at sea had no
problems---she still hasn't heard the end of this one).  I was
disappointed that the con was closed off to the public, however I
understand why they did it.A living guide, or submarine expert on the
scene would have been much appreciated to answer specific questions.
The ticket taker was a 20 year old girl blowing bubbles with her gum,
who wasn't helpfull.  Another disappointment was the lack of a gift
shop, to purchase T-shirts, and the like.

The funniest thing that happened while on board the USS Pampinato, was
seeing the maintenance man working on the ship.  I quickly saw why he
got hired to maintain the sub when I realized he was about four feet
tall.  He didn't even have to duck to go through hatches!!!!  It seemed
like the perfect job for him.

 The USS Pampinato is maintained by the National Maritime Museum
Association, and they can be reached at:

National Maritime Museum Association Presidio of San Fransisco Building
275 Crissy Field San Francisco, CA 94129 (415) 441-5819

The next post will take us on board the National Liberty Ship Memorial,
the SS Jerimiah O'Brien.

------------------------------

Date:    Sat, 8 May 1993 12:37:14 EDT
From:    "AD16000@NEMOMUS.BITNET. --Scherrer,
         Tim A." <AD16%NEMOMUS.BITNET@MIZZOU1.MISSOURI.EDU>
Subject: San Fransisco Naval Displays, Part 2

The second WWII sea momument I saw during my recent trip to San
Fransisco was the S.S. Jeremiah O'Brien, America's last unaltered
Liberty Ship.  Between 1941 and 1944, more than 2,700 Liberty Ships were
built.  The S.S. Jeremiah O'Brien is the only one still in it's original
form with everything fully operational.  Every piece of machinery, from
the main engine to the ship's whistle, operates exactly as it did when
the ship was launched in 1943.

The O'Brien was built by the War Shipping Administration at the New
England Shipbuilding Corp, South Portland, Maine.  She was launched on
30 June, 1943, 56 days after her keel was laid.  She was operated by the
Grace Line, a commercial steamship line.  From July, 1943 to October
1944, she made four voyages between the U.S. and Great Britain.  On her
fourth voyage, she was diverted into a shuttle run between England and
the newly taken Omaha and Utah beachheads at Normandy.  She completed 11
trips before returning to the States.  The gunners claimed to have
engaged enemy aircraft, and that she was the possible target of two bomb
attacks and one torpedo.

Her fifth trip took her to Chile and Peru, and her sixth was a trip to
the Phillipines.  On her seventh, and last voyage, she sailed from San
Fransisco to visit Australia, Calcutta, Shanghai, Manila and then
returned to San Fransisco.  On the final return voyage, she carried 11
Australian war brides to join their new American husbands.  While there
were no passeneger accomidations, with the war now over, the brides were
housed in the vacant gunner's quarters in the after deck.

During her war service, the S.S. Jeremiah O'Brien earned six decorations
for wartime service: Merchant Marine Combat Bar, the Atlantic, Pacific,
the Mediterranean/Middle East War Zone Bars, the Phillipine Liberation
Medal, and the Victory Medal.

With the war over, and there far more ships available than needed for
the peacetime trade routes, the Jeremiah O'Brien found herself put in
mothballs at Suisun Bay near San Fransisco.  She sat for 33 years
untouched before a plan was launched to save a Liberty ship for
posterity.  Since the O'Brien was still unaltered, she was chosen.  In
1978, the National Liberty ship Memorial, Inc a non-profit corporation
was formed to restore, preserve, maintain, and present to the public an
original, unaltered Liberty Ship.

Since then, an enormous amount of work, mostly by volunteers, has gone
into restoring and preserving the ship.  The first annual cruise was on
May 21, 1980, and she has sailed every year ever since.  In order to
keep her in top condition, they fire up the boilers on the third weekend
month, and spin the screws while attached to the dock.  Once a year, a
cruise is planned on Saturday and Sunday that goes around San Fransisco
Bay.  That occurs the third weekend of May every year.

The most ambitious project they've undertaken is to take the O'Brien to
Normandy for the June 6 D-Day Celebration next year.  They are planning
stops in Southern England and France.  She is one of the few remaining
survivors of the D-Day flotilla, this shall be a historic, and memorable
voyage for all involved.

At present, the Jeremiah O'Brien is owned by MARAD as part of the Ready
Reserve Fleet, and is on a bareboat charter to the National Park
Service.  Administration is handled by the National Liberty ship
Memorial.

Unfortunately, I only had about 20 minutes to spend on her, due to
needing to catch a boat to Alcatraz.  I had to run to the ship, and run
back to catch my ship to be able to do everything.  There is a nominal
charge for admission.  Once aboard the gangplank, it is very obvious
what a prize this ship is.  She has been beautifully restored, and
probably looks better than she did coming out of South Portsmouth.  All
the decks are well painted, and the interior is well restored, to
include the finishes on the doors.  The ship is open for you to crawl
around on, and you can go just about anywhere the crew could go.  The
engine room is especially interesting.  I went down five ladders, and
there were still more to go before reaching the bottom.  There were
numerous people down there working on her engines--it felt like this
ship was alive, rather than just rusting away in San Fransisco.

I was able to tour the engine room, the bridge, galley, crew quarters,
and aft gunner's postition and quarters.  I didn't get to see it, but in
hold number 2 there is a roster board of Liberty ship sailors.  Names
can be added for a $20 donation.  Record are kept, and veterans are
contacted when a former shipmate adds their name to the roster.  They
also allow former Liberty Ship Sailors an opportunity to participate in
their Sailing History program.

What I enjoyed most was about the Jeremiah O'Brien was the enthusiantic
volunteers working on the ship, and acting as tour guides.  There were
at least 20 on board, most appeared to be retired.  The nice lady I
spoke with opened up the ship's store for me, and I was able to get a
t-shirt.  Unfortunately, I was short of cash, for they had a bunch of bo
oks about the Merchant Marine, more t-shirts, and some really nice
sweatshirts that listed her D-Day runs.  I could have easily dropped
$150 there.  Fortunately for my long term financial stability, they
don't take credit cards.  The people on board made the ship feel like an
active vessal.

Her steaming weekends for 1993 are:

May---cruises--22 and 23 (tickets are $75 per guest), June-19 and 20,
 July-17 and 18, August-21 and 22, September-18 and 19, October-16 and 1
 7, November-20 and 21.

She is open daily, except for major holidays, from 9 am to 3 pm.  On ste
aming weekends she is open from 9 am to 4 pm.

She is located at Pier #3, Fort Mason Center, next to a very nice park,
and on the edge of the San Fransisco Maritime National Historic Park, wh
ich makes her part of the largest collection (in tonnage) of historic
ships in the world.

You can join the National Liberty Ship Memorial as a regular member for
$25 annually, or for greater amounts.  Membership includes free admissio
n and a newsletter.  You can also donate to the Normandy in '94 campaign
.  It costs $12, and you receive a badge to show your support.

For further information, contact :
S.S. Jeremiah O'Brien,
Fort Mason Center, Bldg. A,
San Fransisco, CA 94123-1382
phone 415-441-3101
fax 415-441-3712



************************************************************************
*  Tim A. Scherrer          "You'll be fighting WWII for the rest of   *
*  Facilities Supervisor     your life", Ron Scherrer, 1971            *
*  WP:816-785-5253                                                     *
*  HP:816-665-6704                                                     *
*  ID# AD16%NEMOMUS@ACADEMIC.NEMOSTATE.EDU                             *
************************************************************************

------------------------------

Date:    Sat, 8 May 1993 14:32:57 EDT
From:    "AD16000@NEMOMUS.BITNET. --Scherrer,
         Tim A." <AD16%NEMOMUS.BITNET@MIZZOU1.MISSOURI.EDU>
Subject: WWII HRS and WWII APS Calender

Listed below are the dates of events of the World War II Historical
Reenactment Society, and the World War II Airman's Preservation Society.
I will list the dates, which organization (WWIIHRS or WWIIAPS) sponcer's
the event, what and where the event will be held.

For the WWIIHRS, a battle means a tactical event, with no predetermined
outcome.  A display and spectator battle is intended for the public to
come and see.  All most all WWIIAPS events are open to the public.

May 15-16 WWIIAPS, EAA flight center, Oskosh, WI, roll out of aircra
ft--to include B-17G "Aluminum Overcast"

May 15 WWIIHRS, Ft McCoy, WI, Open house, possible battle

May 25-30 WWIIHRS, Ft Bragg, NC, All-American Week, displays

May 28-31 WWIIHRS, and WWIIAPS, Columbia, MO, Memorial Day Celebrati on
          "Salute to Veterans"  includes displays, WWII and Current airc
          raft flights, USN Blue Angels, on Saturday and Sunday.  Parade
for veterans and military organizations only on Monday

May 29-31 WWIIHRS, Wilkerson Pass, CO, Spring Battle

June 5-6 WWIIAPS, Kalamazoo, MI, airshow, with B-17G "Aluminum Cast"

June 13 WWIIAPS, Scott AFB, IL, Military Days and open house, inclu des
USAF Thunderbirds

June 13 WWIIHRS, Aurora, IL, 8th Annual Aurora Airport Open House,
spectator battles and displays

June 26-27 WWIIHRS, New Lenox-Howell Airport, IL, Airshow and WWII di
splays, spectator battles, and militaria and gun show

July 17-18 WWIIHRS and WWIIAPS, Danville, IL, ILLIANA REMEMBERS livin g
history display and spectator battle.

July 19-Aug 4 WWIIAPS, Oskosh, WI, Annual Fly-In, with WWII displays
plus lots of othe goodies

July 31 WWIIHRS, Dana, IN Ernie Pyle Festival, Parade/display

August 21-22 WWIIHRS and WWIIAPS, Bloomington, IL, Public display and
             spectator battles

August 21-22 WWIIAPS Genesco, NY "Wings of Eagles" Airshow at Nationa l
Warplane Museum, apparently there will be a reenactmen t by a group
other than the WWIIHRS, however I have very little infor on it.

August 28-29 WWIIHRS, Carter, WY, Italy '44 battle

September 10-12 WWIIHRS, Sparland, IL Western Front Battle

September 17-19 WWIIHRS, Westmont, IL, display and battle

September 18 WWIIAPS and Southern Minnesota Wing CAF, Minneapolis, MN
"Bomber's Moon Ball" USO Style dance

September 24-26 WWIIAPS, Chesterfield, MO, Spirit of St. Louis Airport
display in conjunction with St. Louis based Armed Force s
Museum---anticipated that a WWII USAAF life size dior ama will be built

September 25 WWIIHRS, Riverside, IL, Open House with Illinois Nationa l
Guard, displays

September 28-October 4, Chicago, IL, 8th Air Force Reunion--WWIIAPS will
                         provide the memorabilia room

November 6, WWIIHRS and WWIIAPS, St. Louis, MO, Annual Veteran's Day P
arade, largest in nation

November 12-14, WWIIHRS, Rosemont, MN Western Front Battle

December 18, WWIIAPS, St. Louis, MO, Annual WWIIAPS Christmas party

If there are any groups that desire to have their events posted with
these, either reenactment, CAF, or other wise, please contact me and I
will be glad to add them on the list.

If anyone wants additional information regarding any of these events,
please contact me direct, and I will pass on the event coordinator's
name.

TOO MANY EVENTS---NOT ENOUGH TIME!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Tim

************************************************************************
*  Tim A. Scherrer          "You'll be fighting WWII for the rest of   *
*  Facilities Supervisor     your life", Ron Scherrer, 1971            *
*  WP:816-785-5253                                                     *
*  HP:816-665-6704                                                     *
*  ID# AD16%NEMOMUS@ACADEMIC.NEMOSTATE.EDU                             *
************************************************************************

------------------------------

End of WWII-L Digest - 7 May 1993 to 8 May 1993
***********************************************

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There are 4 messages totalling 450 lines in this issue.

Topics of the day:

  1. USAAF 8 MAY 43
  2. USAAF 9 MAY 43
  3. USAAF 10 MAY 43
  4. H-Net Guide to History Lists 5-11-93

----------------------------------------------------------------------

Date:    Mon, 10 May 1993 07:20:14 -0400
From:    jem3@CC.BELLCORE.COM
Subject: USAAF 8 MAY 43

COMBAT CHRONOLOGY OF THE US ARMY AIR FORCES
SATURDAY, 8 MAY 1943
FTP SITES
  1. ftp.rutgers.edu in directory pub/wwii/usaf
  2. byrd.mu.wvnet.edu (129.71.32.152) in pub/history/military/airforce/
     wwii_chronology

AIRCRAFT MENTIONED IN THIS REPORT:
  A-20, Douglas Havoc
  B-17, Boeing Flying Fortress
  B-24, Consolidated Liberator
  B-25, North American Mitchell
  B-26, Martin Marauder
  Bf 109, Messerschmitt
  P-38, Lockheed Lightning
  P-40, Curtiss

CHINA-BURMA-INDIA THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  CHINA (Fourteenth Air Force)
    In China, 16 B-24's and 11 B-25's bomb Tien Ho Airfield, the shop and
factory area, and White Cloud Airfield at Canton. The 24 escorting P-40's
strafe the target areas following the bombing strikes. Considerable damage
is done, including the destruction of about 20 enemy aircraft.

MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Ninth Air Force)
    In the Mediterranean, B-25's hit the landing ground on Pantelleria
Island.
    In Tunisia, P-40's strafe and bomb shipping in the Cap Bon area and
shipping and shore installations on the Gulf of Tunis. Fighters claim 5
Bf 109's destroyed.

  WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Northwest African Air Force)
    In the Mediterranean, Northwest African Strategic Air Force (NASAF)
P-38's and Northwest African Tactical Air Force (NATAF) fighters and A-20's
bomb the landing ground on Pantelleria Island.
    In Tunisia, NASAF B-26's and P-4O's attack small vessels off NE
Tunisia. Weather prevents the success of other shipping sweeps, but B-25's
hit a road junction and railroad at Korba and a highway N of Beni Khalled.
P-40's bomb docks near Thonara. NATAF fighters and A-20's bomb shipping
between Tunisia and Sicily, convoys and road network near Soliman and
Hammamet, tanks near Protville, troops, emplacements, trucks, landing
grounds, and vessels on and near Cap Bon and in the area S of Tunis. On
the ground, CORPS FRANC D'AFRIQUE makes an official entry into Bizerte as
the British 7 Armored Division pushes N from Tunis toward the US II Corps
zone. The British 6 Armored and Indian 4 Infantry Divisions, pushing SE
toward Hammamet, are stopped at Hammam Lif as the enemy strives to keep
their line of retreat to the Cap Bon peninsula open. The British 5 Corps'
l Division and 4 Indian Division push E with the French 19th Corps which
meets firm resistance near Zaghouan.
    HQ 52d Troop Carrier Wing arrives at Oujda, French Morocco from the
US. This begins the buildup of troop carrier units for the planned
airborne assault on Sicily.

SOUTH PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Thirteenth Air Force)
  In the Solomons, P-4O's join Navy aircraft in an attack on destroyers in
Blackett Strait. Other P-40's and P-38's hit AA positions at Vila.

SOUTHWEST PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Fifth Air Force)
  In New Guinea, B-25's claim the destruction of 2 cargo vessels at Madang.
  In the Bismarck Archipelago, B-17's bomb the airfield at Rabaul, and
single B-17's attack barges and small boats off the N coast of New Britain.


SOURCES:
AIR FORCE COMBAT UNITS OF WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force History,
  Headquarters USAF, 1961, ISBN 0-912799-02-1
COMBAT SQUADRONS OF THE AIR FORCE, WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force
  History, Headquarters USAF 1982
THE ARMY AIR FORCES IN WORLD WAR II: COMBAT CHRONOLOGY, 1941-1945 by the
  Office of Air Force History, Headquarters USAF, 1973
THE MIGHTY EIGHTH WAR DIARY by Roger A. Freeman, ISBN 1-85409-071-2

Jack McKillop
USAF (Airways and Air Communications Service)
1955-59


----------------------------------------------------------------------
|  Jack McKillop      |  Those who have long enjoyed such privileges |
|  Bellcore           |  as we enjoy forget in time that men have    |
|  Piscataway, NJ     |  died to win them.     FDR                   |
|  USA                |  jem3@cc.bellcore.com                        |
----------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

Date:    Mon, 10 May 1993 07:25:43 -0400
From:    jem3@CC.BELLCORE.COM
Subject: USAAF 9 MAY 43

COMBAT CHRONOLOGY OF THE US ARMY AIR FORCES
SUNDAY, 9 MAY 1943
FTP SITES
  1. ftp.rutgers.edu in directory pub/wwii/usaf
  2. byrd.mu.wvnet.edu (129.71.32.152) in pub/history/military/airforce/
     wwii_chronology

AIRCRAFT MENTIONED IN THIS REPORT:
  A-20, Douglas Havoc
  B-17, Boeing Flying Fortress
  B-24, Consolidated Liberator
  B-25, North American Mitchell
  B-26, Martin Marauder
  Blenheim, Bristol (RAF)
  C-47, Douglas Skytrain
  P-38, Lockheed Lightning
  P-40, Curtiss

MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Ninth Air Force)
    In Italy, B-24's attack harbor facilities at Messina, scoring hits on
the ferry terminal, roundhouse, 2 ferries, and a ship.
    In the Mediterranean, B-25's hit the landing ground on Pantelleria
Island.
    In Tunisia, over 300 P-40's fly escort and reconnaissance missions,
and strafing and bombing raids on landing grounds vessels, vehicles,
bridges, and gun positions in the areas of Zembra Island, Cap Bon, and
Pantelleria Island.
    HQ 316th Troop Carrier Group transfers from Fayidk Egypt to Nouvion,
Algeria and begins training for the invasion of Sicily.

  WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Northwest African Air Force)
    In Sardinia during the night of 9/10 May, Northwest African Strategic
Air Force (NASAF) Wellingtons bomb Villacidro, Elmas, and Decimomannu
Airfields.
    In Sicily, B-17's, with P-38 escort, bomb Palermo; B-26's follow
immediately with an attack on the same target.
    In Tunisia during the night of 9/10 May, Northwest African Tactical
Air Force (NATAF) Blenheims, bomb troops and vehicle concentrations in the
Homemade-Nabeul-Menzel Bou Zelfa-Soliman-Tazorhrane areas. Fighter sweeps
over the battle area, provide cover for destroyers, strafe barges, bomb
buildings in the battle area, strafe trucks between Hammamet and Soliman
and bomb a landing ground near Menzel Temime. A-20's and medium bombers
also bomb shipping, hit concentrations in the battle area and in the town
of Soliman, and bomb the airfield on Pantelleria Island. The US II Corps
receives the unconditional surrender of enemy troops in its zone.
    HQ 313th Troop Carrier Group and it's 47th and 49th Troop Carrier
Squadrons with C-47's arrive at Oujda, French Morocco from the US and begin
training for the invasion of Sicily.

SOUTHWEST PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Fifth Air Force)
  In New Guinea, B-24's and B-17's bomb Manokwari, Nabire, Kaimana, and
Madang Airfield, and the Wewak-But area.
  In the Bismarck Archipelago, B-25's hit the airfield at Gasmata.
  The 89th Bombardment Squadron (Dive), 3d Bombardment Group (Dive) with
A-20's transfers from Port Moresby, New Guinea to Dobodura, New Guinea.
Both the squadron and group will be redesignated Bombardment Group/Squadron
(Light) on 25 May 43 to reflect it's true equipment and mission.

SOURCES:
AIR FORCE COMBAT UNITS OF WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force History,
  Headquarters USAF, 1961, ISBN 0-912799-02-1
COMBAT SQUADRONS OF THE AIR FORCE, WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force
  History, Headquarters USAF 1982
THE ARMY AIR FORCES IN WORLD WAR II: COMBAT CHRONOLOGY, 1941-1945 by the
  Office of Air Force History, Headquarters USAF, 1973
THE MIGHTY EIGHTH WAR DIARY by Roger A. Freeman, ISBN 1-85409-071-2

Jack McKillop
USAF (Airways and Air Communications Service)
1955-59


----------------------------------------------------------------------
|  Jack McKillop      |  Those who have long enjoyed such privileges |
|  Bellcore           |  as we enjoy forget in time that men have    |
|  Piscataway, NJ     |  died to win them.     FDR                   |
|  USA                |  jem3@cc.bellcore.com                        |
----------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

Date:    Mon, 10 May 1993 07:29:45 -0400
From:    jem3@CC.BELLCORE.COM
Subject: USAAF 10 MAY 43

COMBAT CHRONOLOGY OF THE US ARMY AIR FORCES
MONDAY, 10 MAY 1943
FTP SITES
  1. ftp.rutgers.edu in directory pub/wwii/usaf
  2. byrd.mu.wvnet.edu (129.71.32.152) in pub/history/military/airforce/
     wwii_chronology

AIRCRAFT MENTIONED IN THIS REPORT:
  A-20, Douglas Havoc
  B-17, Boeing Flying Fortress
  B-24, Consolidated Liberator
  B-25, North American Mitchell
  Beaufighter, Bristol (RAF)
  C-47, Douglas Skytrain
  P-38, Lockheed Lightning
  P-39, Bell Airacobra
  P-40, Curtiss
  Wellington, Vickers (RAF)

CHINA-BURMA-INDIA THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  BURMA-INDIA (Tenth Air Force)
    In Burma, 6 P-40's bomb and strafe Kwitu, leaving several areas burning
fiercely.

  CHINA (Fourteenth Air Force)
    In French Indochina, 8 P-40's fly an offensive sweep against
communications in the Nam Dinh and Hanoi areas. Four locomotives and 3
riverboats are destroyed, a train carrying troops and supplies is heavily
damaged, and several trucks of troops are destroyed.

MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Ninth Air Force)
    In the Mediterranean B-25's and P-40's bomb Pantelleria landing
ground.
    In Tunisia, P-40's bomb the Medi and Cap Bon peninsula. Fighters claim
4 airplanes destroyed.
    The 36th and 44th Troop Carrier Squadrons, 316th Troop Carrier Group
with C-47's transfer from Egypt to Nouvion, Algeria and begin training for
the aerial assault on Sicily.

  WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Northwest African Air Force)
    In Sicily during the night of 9/10 May, Northwest African Strategic
Air Force (NASAF) Wellingtons bomb Palermo and the surrounding area.
B-17's follow up, shortly past noon, with raids on the airfields at Milo
and Bo Rizzo.
    In Tunisia, Northwest Tactical Air Force (NATAF) fighters, A-20's, and
medium bombers attack Pantelleria harbor in the Mediterranean, Korba
bridge, Menzel Temime landing ground, Kelibia areas, and town of Menzel
Bou Zelfa. Numerous motor transport and troop concentrations on Cap Bon
peninsula are bombed and strafed as British 6 Armored Division drives to
Hammamet, cutting off the peninsula.
    HQ 17th Bombardment Group (Medium) transfers from Telergma, Algeria to
Sedrata, Algeria.
    The ground echelon of the 414th Night Fighter Squadron, Twelfth Air
Force, arrives at La Senia, Algeria from the U.S. The air echelon is in
England training on Beaufighters.

SOUTH PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Thirteenth Air Force)
  In the Solomons, P-38's join Navy and Marine aircraft in a strike
against gun emplacements, runway, and revetments at Munda Airfield.

SOUTHWEST PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Fifth Air Force)
  In New Guinea, A-20's bomb and strafe the Labu area.
  In the Bismarck Archipelago, B-25's pound Cape Gloucester Airfield.
  B-17's and B-24's, operating individually attack coastline targets in NE
New Guinea; New Britain in the Bismarck Archipelago; and on Jamdena Island
in the Sunda Islands.
  The 35th Fighter Squadron, 8th Fighter Group with P-39's transfers from
Mareeba, Queensland, Australia to Port Moresby, New Guinea.

SOURCES:
AIR FORCE COMBAT UNITS OF WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force History,
  Headquarters USAF, 1961, ISBN 0-912799-02-1
COMBAT SQUADRONS OF THE AIR FORCE, WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force
  History, Headquarters USAF 1982
THE ARMY AIR FORCES IN WORLD WAR II: COMBAT CHRONOLOGY, 1941-1945 by the
  Office of Air Force History, Headquarters USAF, 1973
THE MIGHTY EIGHTH WAR DIARY by Roger A. Freeman, ISBN 1-85409-071-2

Jack McKillop
USAF (Airways and Air Communications Service)
1955-59


----------------------------------------------------------------------
|  Jack McKillop      |  Those who have long enjoyed such privileges |
|  Bellcore           |  as we enjoy forget in time that men have    |
|  Piscataway, NJ     |  died to win them.     FDR                   |
|  USA                |  jem3@cc.bellcore.com                        |
----------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

Date:    Mon, 10 May 1993 10:09:38 -0600
From:    RICHARD JENSEN <CAMPBELLD%APSU.BITNET@UBVM.CC.BUFFALO.EDU>
Subject: H-Net Guide to History Lists 5-11-93

    ==========================================================
         [copy freely & circulate & send along corrections to
         H-Net at u12923@uicvm.bitnet]
    "H-Net Guide to History Conferences (Lists) on Bitnet, from
         H-Net, u12923@uicvm.bitnet"
    May 11, 1993

    --BITNET address     theme of list
      listname@node (where node = name of computer host)
    1. AfAm-L@UMCVMB     African-American Research
    2. AFAS-L@KENTVM     African American Studies and Librarianship
    3. AHC-L@DGOGWDG1    Association for History & Computing
    4. Albion-L@UCSBVM   British and Irish History
    5. AmLit-L@MIZZOU1   American Literature [very active]
    6. AmerCath@UKCC     History of American Catholicism
    7. AMERSTDY@miamiu   American Studies [defunct; do not subscribe]
    8. AmWest-H@uscvm    American West [active]
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------------------------------

End of WWII-L Digest - 8 May 1993 to 10 May 1993
************************************************

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There are 3 messages totalling 643 lines in this issue.

Topics of the day:

  1. USAAF 11 MAY 43
  2. USAAF 11 MAY 43 ... A-36 "Apache"
  3. Recent acquisitions at byrd.mu.wvnet.edu

----------------------------------------------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 11 May 1993 07:16:58 -0400
From:    jem3@CC.BELLCORE.COM
Subject: USAAF 11 MAY 43

COMBAT CHRONOLOGY OF THE US ARMY AIR FORCES
TUESDAY, 11 MAY 1943
FTP SITES
  1. ftp.rutgers.edu in directory pub/wwii/usaf
  2. byrd.mu.wvnet.edu (129.71.32.152) in pub/history/military/airforce/
     wwii_chronology

AIRCRAFT MENTIONED IN THIS REPORT:
  A-20, Douglas Havoc
  A-36, North American Apache
  B-17, Boeing Flying Fortress
  B-24, Consolidated Liberator
  B-25, North American Mitchell
  B-26, Martin Marauder
  C-47, Douglas Skytrain
  P-40, Curtiss

AMERICAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Eleventh Air Force)
  In the Aleutian Islands, the following missions are flown to support US
forces landing on Attu: 1 air-ground liaison sortie by 1 B-24; a B-24
supply sortie dropping supplies to ground forces; and 5 attack missions,
flown by 11 B-24's and 12 B-25's. The first attack mission cannot find the
target and instrument-bombs targets which include the runway, radar,
submarine base, and camp area. Because of poor visibility the next 2
missions hit Kiska, where the runway and Main Camp are attacked. Two B-24's
then bomb the Chichagof Harbor area through fog while another drops
leaflets on Attu.

CENTRAL PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Seventh Air Force)
  The 26th Bombardment Squadron (Heavy), 11th Bombardment Group (Heavy),
with B-17's, transfers from Bellows Field to Wheeler Field, Territory of
Hawaii and begins transitioning to B-24D's.

CHINA-BURMA-INDIA THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  BURMA-INDIA (Tenth Air Force)
    In Burma, 6 B-24's pound Syriam, causing large fires in the town area.

EUROPEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Eighth Air Force)
  HQ 94th Bombardment Group (Heavy) and it's 331st, 332d, 333d and 410th
Bombardment Squadrons (Heavy) with B-17F's, arrive at Earls Colne, England
from the US. The group will fly it's first combat mission on Thursday.
  The 334th, 335th, 336th and 412th Bombardment Squadrons (Heavy), 95th
Bombardment Group (Heavy), with B-17F's, arrive at Framlingham, England
from the US. The squadrons will fly their first combat mission on
Thursday.

MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Ninth Air Force)
    In Sicily, B-24's strike Catania harbor, severely damaging the harbor
area and several ships.
    In Tunisia, B-25's strike the battle area in NE Tunisia.  P-40's fly
escort and armed reconnaissance, and carry out bombing and strafing
missions in the Cap Bon area against motor transport, concentrations,
roads, docks, and AA batteries.

  WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Northwest African Air Force)
    In Sicily, Northwest African Strategic Air Force (NASAF) B-17's,
B-26's, and B-25's bomb Marsala, hitting the warehouse, docks, railroad
yards, seaplane base, and city area.
    In Italy, NASAF P-40's bomb and strafe harbor at San Michele.
    In Tunisia, Northwest African Tactical Air Force (NATAF) fighters and
A-20's attack vehicles, gun positions and troop concentrations in the
Zaghouan-Sainte-Marie du Zit area and on Cap Bon as the British 4 Division
completes an uneventful sweep around the Cap Bon peninsula, revealing no
important forces there. Resistance in the Zaghouan sector weakens.
    The 29th and 48th Troop Carrier Squadrons, 313th Troop Carrier Group,
with C-47's arrive at Oujda, French Morocco from the US.
    The 310th, 311th and 312th Bombardment Squadrons (Dive), 86th
Bombardment Group (Dive), with A-36's, arrive at La Senia, Algeria from
the US.

SOUTH PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Thirteenth Air Force)
  In the Solomons, B-17's fly harassing strikes during the night of 10/11
May against Kahili Airfield and Shortland Island.
  The 390th Bombardment Squadron (Medium), 42d Bombardment Group (Medium)
with B-25's, transfers from the Fiji Islands to Guadalcanal.

SOUTHWEST PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Fifth Air Force)
  In the Bismarck Archipelago, B-17's and B-24's hit the airfield and
general area at Rabaul.
  In Timor, B-25's bomb Penfoei and Dili.
  The 403d Bombardment Squadron (Heavy), 43d Bombardment Group (Heavy),
with B-24's transfers from Mareeba, Queensland, Australia to Port
Moresby, New Guinea.

SOURCES:
AIR FORCE COMBAT UNITS OF WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force History,
  Headquarters USAF, 1961, ISBN 0-912799-02-1
COMBAT SQUADRONS OF THE AIR FORCE, WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force
  History, Headquarters USAF 1982
THE ARMY AIR FORCES IN WORLD WAR II: COMBAT CHRONOLOGY, 1941-1945 by the
  Office of Air Force History, Headquarters USAF, 1973
THE MIGHTY EIGHTH WAR DIARY by Roger A. Freeman, ISBN 1-85409-071-2

Jack McKillop
USAF (Airways and Air Communications Service)
1955-59

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 11 May 1993 08:55:10 -0400
From:    Steve Allen-Shinn <shinn@VIRGINIA.DAB.GE.COM>
Subject: Re: USAAF 11 MAY 43 ... A-36 "Apache"

Jack McKillop (jem3@cc.bellcore.com) wrote:

>AIRCRAFT MENTIONED IN THIS REPORT:
>  A-20, Douglas Havoc
>  A-36, North American Apache
>...

According to my sources (I don't have the title/author handy right
now but can get it... something along the lines of U.S. Fighters,
and also previous net news posts by Joe Baugher) the A-36 was called
the "Invader".  It was the dive bomber version of the P-51.  The
P-51 was originally called the "Apache" by the USAAF, but the more
common Brittish name, "Mustang", was so popular that the USAAF
switched to that now familiar name.

Steve

--
Steve Allen-Shinn       shinn@helios.dab.ge.com
Martin Marietta         Daytona Beach, Fla.

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 11 May 1993 13:45:00 -0400
From:    "Michael J. McCarthy" <YEA003@MARSHALL.MU.WVNET.EDU>
Subject: Recent acquisitions at byrd.mu.wvnet.edu

        I have been informed by Mark Becker at the University of Kansas that
access to byrd through the gopher server HNSource is now both available and
reliable.


Recent acquisistions at byrd.mu.wvnet.edu

(since 20 April 1993):

     As always, thanks are in order for Larry Jewell for his many
     contributions.  Also, credit must go to Loomis Mayfield and
     Samuel A. Fletcher for their offerings.

1.   WHATSNEW.TXT file

     The file WHATSNEW.TXT in the pub/history subdirectory will
     contain brief descriptions of the latest acquisitions to
     byrd.mu.wvnet.edu (this file).

2.   Graphics images (.GIF files)

     We have received and stored a large number of .GIF graphic
     files on a variety of topics, including aviation and maritime
     history as well as the Vietnam War.  Check the indices (.idx
     files) in the /pictures subdirectories of the appropriate
     directories (ex:  pub/history/military/vietnam/pictures), or
     look for files with the .gif suffix.

     Directories containing .GIF files include:

     pub/history/diplomatic
     pub/history/maritime/pictures
     pub/history/military/airforce/pictures
     pub/history/military/civil_war_usa
     pub/history/military/vietnam/pictures
     pub/history/military/wwi
     pub/history/military/wwii
     pub/history/political/united_states/presidency

     One caveat:  these .GIF files take up loads of disk space.  I
     cannot, therefore, guarantee that they will remain for long.
     If you are interested in retrieving them, I suggest that you
     do so soon.  They might disappear without notice.

3.   Government Printing Office

     Two files in the pub/history/general subdirectory,
     gpo_order.txt and gpo_stores.txt, give information on finding
     and ordering from US Goverment Printing Office bookstores.

4.   pub/history/military/airforce subdirectory

     A new subdirectory has been created to house the USAAF WWII
     chronology (now in the pub/history/military/airforce/
     wwii_chronology subdirectory), graphics images and other
     related information.  It also contains a list of upcoming
     airshows in North America (airshows.txt)

5.   pub/history/military/civil_war_usa subdirectory

     This new subdirectory has been created and so far stores only
     relevent graphics images.  Look for other files related to the
     American Civil War in the future.

6.   We The People:  Windows Hypertext

     A Windows Hypertext package, We The People, is now stored as
     wtp.txt and wtp.zip in the pub/history/political/united_states
     subdirectory.

7.   JFK's Berlin Address

     Kennedy's Berlin Address is contained in the file
     jfk_berlin.txt in the pub/history/political/united_states/
     presidency subdirectory

8.   Lincoln's First and Second Inaugural Addresses

     Lincoln's First and Second Inaugural Addresses are in the
     files lincoln1.inaug and lincoln2.inaug in the pub/history/
     political/united_states/presidency subdirectory.

9.   WWII documents in the pub/history/military/wwii directory

     axis_distrib.txt describes the distribution of Axis forces in
     Europe on 6 June 1944, eisenhower_dir.txt contains the
     directive given to Eisenhower for the D-Day Invasion and
     overlord.txt contains the Overlord Digest.

     Justice.pap is an undergraduate paper by Samuel A. Fletcher
     about courts in the 3rd Reich.

10.  Conversion of historical US dollars

     The file dollars.txt in the pub/history/general subdirectory
     contains methods for converting historical dollars to constant
     dollars.

11.  Internet resources

     The file holocaust.txt in the pub/history/internet
     subdirectory contains access instructions for the Victoria
     Freenet Holocaust and Fascism Archives.  In the
     pub/history/internet/library subdirectory, the files
     lib_congress.txt and ucal_bookstore.txt contain information on
     Telnet access to the Library of Congress and the University of
     California Bookstore, respectively.

        Attached is the complete INDEX file to byrd.mu.wvnet.edu.  I doubt that
I will include the entire INDEX file with future updates since it is becoming
quite large.  If you are already familiar with the holdings of
byrd.mu.wvnet.edu, you need read no further.

-------------
Mike McCarthy                   "An hungry historian spent a hour and an half
Marshall Univ. History Dept.    hasking an hundred friends habout indefinate
Huntington, WV 25755, USA       harticles.  An history of the event made 'er
YEA003@Marshall.WVNET.Edu       an happy camper."
YEA003@MARSHALL.BITNET                  -- Jamie Drier, An Philosopher

================================ATTACHMENT===================================
FILE INDEX FOR HISTORY FTP SITE:

BYRD.MU.WVNET.EDU
129.71.32.152
pub/history

Managers:
Mike McCarthy, Marshall Univ. (YEA003@Marshall.WVNET.Edu)
Donna Spindel, Marshall Univ. (HST001@Marshall.WVNET.Edu)

Honorary Manager and Major Contributor:
Larry Jewell (jewell@mace.cc.purdue.edu)


UPDATE: 11 May 1993

*DIRECTORY OF pub/history:
INDEX               Index of files and directories on
                    byrd.mu.wvnet.edu (this file)
WHATSNEW.TXT        Recent acquisitions
diplomatic          Subdir: diplomatic history
ethnic              Subdir: ethnicity history
general             Subdir: history as a discipline & profession
instruction         Subdir: teaching history (syllabi, exams,
                    etc)
internet            Subdir: use of internet in research
maritime            Subdir: maritime/naval history
marshall            Subdir: files specific to Marshall Univ.
                    History Dept.
military            Subdir: military history
political           Subdir: political / government
submissions         Subdir: submissions from anonymous ftp users
                    (write access to all anonymous ftp)
utilities           Subdir: utility programs (pkunzip, uudecode,
                    cshow, etc.)
women               Subdir: women's history

*DIRECTORY OF pub/history/diplomatic:
coldwar             Subdir: Coldwar diplomatic history
un.gif              BINARY: United Nations flag graphic
united_states       Subdir: US diplomatic history

*DIRECTORY OF pub/history/diplomatic/coldwar:
u-2.txt             Documents relating to the U-2 Incident, May
                    1960

*DIRECTORY OF pub/history/diplomatic/united_states:
1921-1939           Subdir: Period 1921-1939 (interwar years)
greenville.txt      Text of Treaty of Greenville (1795)
monroe-doctrine.txt Text of Monroe Doctrine
neutral_procl.txt   Text of Neutrality Proclamation (1793)

*DIRECTORY OF pub/history/diplomatic/united_states/1921-1939:
hemi_def.txt        Text of Dept. of State Bulletin on Hemisphere
                    Defense, 8/18/40
lend-lease.act      Text of Lend Lease Act (1941)
naval_limit.txt     Documents relating to the Naval Limitation
                    Treaty, 6 February 1922
neutrality.act_37   Text of Neutrality Act (1937)
neutrality.act_39   Text of Neutrality Act (1939)

*DIRECTORY OF pub/history/ethnic:
african-american    Subdir: African-American history
native-american     Subdir: Native-American history

*DIRECTORY OF pub/history/ethnic/african-american:
emanc_procl.txt     Text of Emancipation Proclamation (1862)

i-have-a-dream.txt  Test of King's "I Have a Dream" speech (1963)

*DIRECTORY OF pub/history/ethnic/native-american:
greenville.txt      Text of Treaty of Greenville (1795)
iroquois_const.txt  Text of Iroquois Constitution
iroquois_readme.txt Commentary to accompany Iroqouis Const.

*DIRECTORY OF pub/history/general:
chair_newsletter    Subdir: issues of Dept. Chair Newsletter, M.
                    Galgano, ed.
dept_ranks.txt      US News detailed ranking of History Ph.D.
                    depts
dollars.txt         Various ways to convert historical dollars to
                    constant dollars
gpo_order.txt       Info on ordering from US Gov't Printing Office
gpo_stores.txt      Listing of US Gov't Printing Office stores

*DIRECTORY OF pub/history/general/chair_newsletter:
issue31.txt         Text of issue 31

*DIRECTORY OF pub/history/instruction:
exams               Subdir: sample history exams
mu_hst500           Subdir: for use by Marshall's methods course
syllabi             Subdir: sample history course syllabi

*DIRECTORY OF pub/history/instruction/exams:
us_survey2a.exm     US Survey II (Since 1877) exam (McCarthy)
us_survey2b.exm     US Survey II (Since 1877) exam (McCarthy)
us_survey2c.exm     US Survey II (Since 1877) exam (McCarthy)

*DIRECTORY OF pub/history/instruction/syllabi:
am_revolution.syl   American Revolution syllabus (Spindel)
marshall            Subdir: Current Marshall Univ. courses
us_legal.syl        United States Legal History syllabus
                    (Spindel)
us_survey1a.syl     US Survey I (To 1877) syllabus (Spindel)
us_survey2a.syl     US Survey II (Since 1877) syllabus (McCarthy)
us_survey2b.syl     US Survey II (Since 1877) syllabus (McCarthy)

*DIRECTORY OF pub/history/internet:
ftp_help.txt        Instructions on using FTP
h-net.lists         BITNET lists of interest to historians
history.network     Charter of History Network
history_ftp         Subdir: FTP sites of interest to historians
holocaust.txt       Access instructions for Victoria Freenet's
                    Holocaust and Fascism Archives
inet.services       Catalog of special internet services (Archie,
                    Baseball scores, CARL, etc.)
internet.faq1       Frequently Asked Questions about internet
                    (#1)
internet.faq2       Frequently Asked Questions about internet
                    (#2)
libraries           Subdir: Addresses of TELNET accessible
                    libraries (US & UK)
listserv.database   Instructions for LISTSERVER database searches
whatis.internet     Description of internet and its uses

*DIRECTORY OF pub/history/internet/history_ftp:
byrd.catalog        BYRD archive at Marshall Univ.
                    (byrd.mu.wvnet.edu; "cd pub/history")
cpet.catalog        Catalog of Projects in Electronic Text
                    archive at Georgetown Univ.
                    (guvax.georgetown.edu; "cd
                    CPET_PROJECTS_IN_ELECTRONIC_TEXT")
gheta.catalog       Groningen Historical Electronic Text Archive
                    at the Univ. of Groningen (tyr.let.rug.nl;
                    "cd pub/gheta")
malin.catalog       MALIN archive at Univ. Kansas
                    (kuhub.cc.ukans.edu; "cd dua9:[MALIN]")
ra.catalog          RA archive at Mississippi State University
                    (ra.msstate.edu; "cd pub/docs/history")
sunsite.catalog     Sunsite at Univ. North Carolina
                    (sunsite.unc.edu; "cd pub/academic")

*DIRECOTORY OF pub/history/internet/libraries:
library.catalog     Catalog of US (and some international)
                    TELNET-accessible libraries
lib_congress.txt    Access instructions for US Library of Congress
ucal_bookstore.txt  Access instructions for Univ. of California
                    Bookstore
uk-libs.catalog     Catalog of TELNET-accessible libraries in the
                    United Kingdom

*DIRECTORY OF pub/history/maritime:
museums.txt         Listing of Naval & Maritime Museums
pictures            Subdir: Naval and maritime graphics

*DIRECTORY OF pub/history/maritime/pictures:
maritime_pics.idx   Index of graphic files in this directory
(other files)       BINARY: Naval and maritime graphics

*DIRECTORY OF pub/history/military:
airforce            Subdir: Military air power
am_revolution       Subdir: American revolution
civil_war_usa       Subdir: American Civil War
united_states       Subdir: US Military History
vietnam             Subdir: Vietnam War
wwi                 Subdir: World War I
wwii                Subdir: World War II

*DIRECTORY OF pub/history/military/airforce:
airshows.txt        Listing of upcoming airshows

pictures            Subdir: Aviation grpahics files
wwii_chronology     Subdir: Chronology of USAAF in WWII

*DIRECTORY OF pub/history/military/airforce/pictures:
airforce_pics.idx   Index of graphic files in this directory
(other files)       BINARY: Aviation graphics

*DIRECTORY OF pub/history/military/airforce/wwii_chronology:
apr_43.txt          USAAF chronology for April 1943
dec_42.txt          USAAF chronology for December 1942
feb_43.txt          USAAF chronology for February 1943
jan_43.txt          USAAF chronology for January 1943
mar_43.txt          USAAF chronology for March 1943

*DIRECTORY OF pub/history/military/am_revolution:
decl_arms.txt       Text of Declaration of Arms (1775)
paris_1783.txt      Text of Treaty of Paris (1783)

*DIRECTORY OF pub/history/military/civil_war_usa:
angle.gif           BINARY: 1800s warfare
forrest.gif         BINARY: Gen. Forrest
grant1.gif          BINARY: Gen. Grant
lee1.gif            BINARY: Gen. Lee
sherman1.gif        BINARY: Gen. Sherman

*DIRECTORY OF pub/history/military/united_states:
ucmj                Subdir: Uniform Code of Military Justice

*DIRECTORY OF pub/history/military/united_states/ucmj:
uc_README           Readme file describing directory contents
(other files)       Text files with subchapters of Uniform Code of
                    Military Justice

*DIRECTORY OF pub/history/military/vietnam:
diem_letters.txt    Letters to Ngo Dinh Diem from Eisenhower
                    (11/15/54) and Kennedy (1/1/62)
kia_mia             Subdir: Combat Area Casualties File Database
navy.biblio         Bibliography of US Navy in Southeast Asia
pictures            Subdir: Vietnam graphic files
pow_mia             Subdir: POW/MIA files
tonkin_gulf.txt     Text of LBJ's Speech to Congress and Tonkin
                    Gulf Resolution
vets_against.txt    Senate Testimony of John Kerry, Vietnam Vets
                    Against the War, 4/23/71
white_paper.txt     Text of Dept. of State White Paper on Vietnam
                    (2/27/65)

*DIRECTORY OF pub/history/military/vietnam/kia_mia:
00_README           Key to database fields
(other files)       The rest of the directory consists of the
                    files from the Combat Area Casualties File for
                    the Vietnam War.  The files are divided by
                    state or US territory to facilitate
                    downloading.  Standard post office
                    abbreviations are used for the filenames (ex:
                    wv.asc or oh.asc).

                    **NOTE:  The files in this subdirectory
                    contained errors and inaccuracies.  They have
                    been deleted until the corrected version of
                    the database can be obtained.

*DIRECTORY OF pub/history/military/vietnam/pictures:
vietnam_pics.idx    Index of graphic files in this directory
(other files)       BINARY: Vietnam graphic files

*DIRECTORY OF pub/history/military/vietnam/pow_mia:
00_README           File index for POW/MIA files
(other files)       The rest of the directory consists of the
                    Senate POW/MIA report, divided into ASCII
                    files of less than 64k each.  Assemble each
                    file in the order they appear in this
                    directory for the entire report.  See
                    00_README for individual descriptions of each
                    file.

*DIRECTORY OF pub/history/military/wwi:
aef_mia_pow.txt     Senate Report on WWI POW/MIAs
aefplan.biblio      Bibliography on US military planning for WWI
                    (from AEFplan.txt, McCarthy)
aefplan.txt         MA Thesis on US military planning for WWI
                    (includes bibliography, McCarthy)
chronology.txt      Chronology of WWI (emphasis on US military
                    planning)
eddier.gif          BINARY: Eddie Rickenbacker graphic
flag_r.gif          BINARY: Lafayette Escadrille flag graphic
gpo_wwi.txt         Publications on WWI available from the US
                    Govt. Printing Office
swith1.gif          BINARY: Sopwith Camel graphic
wilson_c-in-c.art   Paper from Mid-America History Conference,
                    9/92, on Woodrow Wilson as Commander-in-Chief
                    (McCarthy)

*DIRECTORY OF pub/history/military/wwii:
atlantic_char.txt   Text of the Atlantic Charter
axis_distrib.txt    Distribution of Axis forces on 6 June 1944
cairo_conf.txt      Text of Cairo Conference Agreement
casablanca_conf.txt Text of Casablanca Conference Agreement
chrono_1938-41.txt  Chronology of events from 1938 - 1941
eisenhower_dir.txt  Directive given to General Dwight Eisenhower
                    for 6 June 1944
fdr_4_freedoms.txt  Text of Roosevelt's "4 Freedoms" speech
                    (1/6/41)
fdr_8_dec.txt       Text of Roosevelt's speech on 12/8/41 ("date
                    which will live in infamy")
ger_surrender.txt   Text of German surrender
gpo_wwii.txt        Publications on WWII available from the US
                    Govt. Printing Office
hgoring.gif         BINARY: Hermann Goring graphic
jap_surrender.txt   Text of Japanese surrender
justice.pap         Undergraduate paper on courts in the 3rd Reich
moscow_conf.txt     Text of Moscow Conference Agreement
north_africa.txt    Text of Roosevelt's Statement on North Africa
                    Policy on 11/17/42
overlord.txt        Operation Overlord Digest
peace_our_time.txt  Text of Chamberlain's speech on 9/30/39
                    ("peace in our time")
pearl_harbor.txt    Documents relating to Japanese attack on Pearl
                    Harbor
sept_1939           Subdir: Documents relating to the reactions of
                    European Powers to German invasion of Poland
soviet_neut.txt     Documents relating to Soviet neutrality with
                    Japan
tripartite.txt      Documents relating to Tripartite Pact
us_dec_germany.txt  Text of US declaration of war on Germany
us_dec_japan.txt    Text of US declaration of war on Japan
yalta_conf.txt      Text of Yalta Conference Agreement

*DIRECTORY OF pub/history/military/wwii/sept_1939:
fr_reaction.txt     French reaction to German invasion of Poland
ger_reaction.txt    German reaction to British ultimatum
uk_reaction.txt     British reaction to German invasion of Poland

*DIRECTORY OF pub/history/political:
france              Subdir: France
macedonia           Subdir: Republic of Macedonia
united_kingdom      Subdir: United Kingdom
united_states       Subdir: United States of America

*DIRECTORY OF pub/history/political/france:
rights-of-man.txt   Text of Declaration of Rights of Man (1789)

*DIRECTORY OF pub/history/political/macedonia:
macedonia.const     Constitution of the Republic of Macedonia

*DIRECTORY OF pub/history/political/united-kingdom:
magna-carta.txt     Text of Magna Carta

*DIRECTORY OF pub/history/political/united_states:
17th_century        Subdir: 17th Century
18th_century        Subdir: 18th Century
19th_century        Subdir: 19th Century
20th_century        Subdir: 20th Century
presidency          Subdir: The US Presidency (inaugrals, etc)
wtp.txt             We the People software description
wtp.zip             BINARY: We the People software

*DIRECTORY OF pub/history/political/united_states/17th_century:
fund_ord_1639.txt   Text of Fundamental Orders (1639)
mayflower.txt       Text of Mayflower Compact (1620)
thanksgiving.txt    Text of First Thanksgiving Proclamation (1676)

*DIRECTORY OF pub/history/political/united_states/18th_century:
annapolis.txt       Text of Annapolis Convention (1786)
art_confed.txt      Text of Articles of Confederation (1777, 1781)
bill_rights.txt     Text of Bill of Rights
charlotte.txt       Text of Charlotte Town Resolves (1775)
const_amends.txt
const_trans.txt     Text of Transmittal of Constitution (1787)
constitution.txt
cont_cong_res.txt   Text of Continental Congress Resolves (1777)
decl_indep.txt      Text of Declaration of Independence (1776)
nw_ord.txt          Text of Northwest Ordinance (1787)
va_decl_right.txt   Text of Virginia Declaration of Rights (1776)

*DIRECTORY OF pub/history/political/united_states/19th_century:
emanc_procl.txt     Text of Emancipation Proclamation (1862)
gettysburg.txt      Text of Gettysburg Address

*DIRECTORY OF pub/history/political/united_states/20th_century:
warpowers.act       Text of Warpowers Act (1973)

*DIRECTORY OF pub/history/political/united_states/presidency:
angelou_poem.txt    Text of Maya Angelou's Poem at Clinton's
                    Inaugural, 1993
jefferson.inaug     Text of Jefferson's Inaugural Address
jfk_berlin.txt      Text of Kennedy's Berlin Address
kennedy.inaug       Text of Kennedy's Inaugural Address
lincoln1.inaug      Text of Lincoln's First Inaugural Address
lincoln2.inaug      Text of Lincoln's Second Inaugural Address
reagan.gif          BINARY: Ronald Reagan graphic
washington.farewell Text of Washington's Farewell Address
wilson.gif          BINARY: W. Wilson Address to Congress graphic

*DIRECTORY OF pub/history/utilities:
cshw833.zip         BINARY: CShow (.GIF graphics file viewer,
                    DOS)
cshw860a.zip        BINARY: CShow v 8.60a (.GIF and .JPG graphics
                    file viewer, DOS)
pkpak.exe           BINARY: File compressor (.ARC files, DOS)
pkunpak.exe         BINARY: File decompressor (.ARC files, DOS)
pkz204g.exe         BINARY: Self extracting copy of file
                    compressor and decompressor, PKZip v. 2.04g
                    (.ZIP files, DOS)
uudecode.exe        BINARY: File ASCII encoder (.UUE files, DOS)
uuencode.exe        BINARY: File ASCII decoder (.UUE files, DOS)

*DIRECTORY OF pub/history/women:
tx_womens_univ.txt  Information on Texas Women's University
                    Library Newsletter, DATA ENTRIES, available
                    electronically

------------------------------

End of WWII-L Digest - 10 May 1993 to 11 May 1993
*************************************************

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Status: O

There are 12 messages totalling 970 lines in this issue.

Topics of the day:

  1. Some information on the Balkans. (5)
  2. USAAF 12 MAY 43
  3. Balkans
  4. SF Bay Area Only
  5. WOII aerial photographs SE-Poland
  6. Sign off (2)
  7. World War II Airman's Preservation Society RE:re:

----------------------------------------------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 11 May 1993 23:30:09 EST
From:    Larry Jewell <jewell@MACE.CC.PURDUE.EDU>
Subject: Some information on the Balkans.

The following files maybe of interest to those concerned with
the history of military operations in the Balkan area.

This file contains information taken from:
GERMAN ANTIGUERILLA OPERATIONS IN THE BALKANS (1941-1944)
Center for Military History Pub 104-18, 1989

(1) Chronology of events in Balkans

(2) Tables of Organization for German and Axis forces in the
Balkan region for 1941-1944

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) Chronology of events in Balkans

(Events in the Balkan area with notes on the "larger picture" to
give a sense of continuity.)

1940
October 1940
28  Italian forces attack Greece from Albania.

1941
April 1941
 3 Rommel opens his offensive in Libya.
 6 German forces intervene in the Greek-Italian conflict.
 6 German troops invade Yugoslavia.
17 Yugoslav High Command forced to capitulate.
20 General Tsolakoglou surrenders the Army of Epirus to the
   Germans.
23 Greece surrenders to the Germane and Italians.
27 German troops enter Athens.

May 1941
29   Rommel stopped at the Egyptian frontier.

June 1941
 9 Field Marshal List, commander of Twelfth Army, appointed
   Armed Forces Commander, Southeast.
22 Operation BARBAROSSA begins.

Late. Bulk of German combat troops shifted
   from Balkans to Russian theater; number of sabotage incidents
   in Balkans increases.

July 1941
13 Inhabitants of Montenegro launch general attack on scattered
   Italian garrisons.

August 1941

Early  Italian army headquarters redesignated area commands.
       Tito moves his headquarters into the field.
       Daily attacks on Serbian police stations.

September 1941
 5 WB Southeast transfers 125th Infantry Regiment(Separate)
   from Salonika area to Belgrade.
16 Hitler issues directive ordering Marshal List to suppress
   revolt in Balkans.

October 1941
25 Marshal List relinquishes duties because of illness; General
   Kuntze appointed acting Armed Forces Commander, Southeast
27 Headquarters, Twelfth Army (Armed Forces Commander,
   Southeast) moves from Athens to Salonika.

December 1941
11 Germany and Italy declare war on the United States.

1942
January 1942
15-26 Major antiguerrilla operations in Croatia.
18 Second British drive into Libya stopped.

March 1942
 1 Headquarters, LXV Corps Command and headquarters, Military
    Command, Serbia, merged.

April-May 1942
20 April-3 May First major joint antiguerrilla operation
   launched by Italian, German, and Croatian troops.

May 1942
27 Rommel opens second drive into Egypt.

July 1942
  General Robotti launches drive on Partisans in Slovenia.
  Total Yugoslavia guerrilla losses to date estimated at 45,000
  dead.

August 1942
 8 General Kuntze relieved by General Loehr as Armed Forces
   Commander, Southeast.

October 1942
23   Start of the Battle of El Alamein.

November 1942
 8 Allies invade North Africa.
19 Russians launch Stalingrad counteroffensive.
25 Guerrillas blow up Gorgopotamos Bridge, some 100 miles north
   of Athens.

December 1942
28 Hitler issues directive raising status of Armed Forces
   Commander, Southeast, to that of Commander-in-Chief,
   Southeast.

1943
May 1943
 8-12 End of Axis resistance in North Africa.

June 1943
   EDES ceases active operations against Germans.

July 1943
10 Allies establish lodgment in Sicily.
25 Mussolini forced to resign.
26 Directive No. 48 introduces major organizational changes
   centralizes authority for defense of the Balkan Peninsula.
   Field Marshal von Weichs named new Commander-in-Chief,
   Southeast.

August 1943
18 Resistance in Sicily collapses.

September 1943
 2 Allies land in southern Italy.
 3 Italy signs armistice.
17 Allies capture Foggia air base.
19 Armed Forces High Command directive makes Rommel and Army
   Group B responsible for destroying guerrilla forces in
Istria.

end German forces in Balkans total 600,000 men.

October 1943

 1 Allies land at Salerno.

November 1943
17 British and Italian garrison of Leroa surrenders to the
   Germans

1944

January 1944
22 Allies land at Anzio.

March 1944
26 Russian troops reach the Romanian border.

May 1944
25 German airborne troops attack Tito's headquarters at Dvar.

June 1944
 4 Allied troops enter Rome.
 6 Invasion of Normandy.
 6-14  Operation GEMSBOCK.

July 1944
 3 EDES reopens hostilities.
 5-6 EDES forces attack German troops near Arta.
Beginning  Operation STEINADLER launched.

August 1944
 2 Partisans advance into Macedonia.
 5 Operation KREUZOTTER begins.
12 Operation RUEBEZAHL gets under way.
12 Florence captured by the Allies after heavy fighting.
20 Russians launch deep drive into Romania.
24 Romanian Government surrenders to the Soviet Union.

September 1944
 5 Soviet Union declares war on Bulgaria.
 8 Bulgaria asks Russians for armistice and declares war on
   Germany.
 8-9 General rising takes place in southern and central Greece.
12 United States First Army crosses the German frontier.
21 Marshal von Weichs considers Partisan units as equivalent to
   regular forces.
late Russians fighting north of Belgrade.

October 1944
12 26,500 Germans still stranded on Crete, Rhodes, and other
   islands.
14 Army Group E headquarters moves to Macedonia.
20 Belgrade falls to the Russians and the I Partisan Corps.

November 1944
 2 Last German units evacuate Greece.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
(2) Tables of Organization for German and Axis forces in the
Balkan region for 1941-1944

(Attempting to convert a military Organization Chart into ASCII
is something I'll save a future date.  In the file below you
will find my best rendition of same.)

LEGEND:
XXXXX = Group of Armies (Army Group or equivalent)
 XXXX = Army
  XXX = Corps or Air Force
   XX = Division or Command of an Air Force


German Ground Forces in Occupied Greece and Yugoslavia as of
July 1941.

     XXXX
     Armed Forces Comdr, Southeast and Twelfth Army
        XXX
        Mil. Comdr. Southern Greece
           XX
           713(-) and 5 Mtn (Normally attached to XVIII Mountain
                             Corps.  Participated in capture of
                             Crete and Retained Temporarily for
                             island's Defense.)

        XXX
        Mil. Comdr. Serbia

        XXX
        LXV
           XX
           704, 714, 717, 718

        XXX
        XVIII (Mtn)
           XX
           6 Mtn and 164

        XXX
        Mil. Comdr. Salonika-Aegean

German Ground Forces in Occupied Greece and Yugoslavia as of 1
Dec. 1942.
     XXXX
     Armed Forces Comdr, Southeast and Twelfth Army
         XXX
         LXV
            XX
            704, 714, 717, 718, 7 SS Mtn. (Prinz Eugen),
            187 Res.

         XXX
         Fortress Crete
            XX 22 Para.

German and Bulgarian Ground Forces in Occupied Greece,
Yugoslavia and Albania As of 26 December 1943.
XXXXX
C in C Southeast and Army Group F
     XXXX
     Second (in Serbia and Croatia)
         XXX
         XV Mtn.
            XX
            371, 373, 1 Cossack, 114(L), 264
         XXX
         V SS Mtn.
            XX
            181, 369, 118(L), 1 Mtn., 7 SS Mtn.
         XXX
         LXIX
            XX
            173, 187, 367 (Forming)
         XXX
         XXI Mtn. (In Albania)
            XX
            297, 100(L)
     XXXX
     Mil. Comdr. Southeast (In Serbia)
         XXX
         I (Bulg.)
            XX
            22 (Bulg.), 24 (Bulg.), 25 (Bulg.), 27 (Bulg.)
XXXXX
E (In Greece)
         XXX
         LXVIII
            XX
            117(L), 11 LWFd
         XXX
         Aegean (Bulg)
            XX
            26 (Bulg.), 28 (Bulg.)
         XXX
         XXII
            XX
            104 (L)
         XXX
         Fortress Crete
            XX
            22 (Para.), Crete
         XXX
         Admin. Area Salonika-Aegean
            XX
            4 SS Pol. (Pz.Gdr.?), 7 (Bulg.)
German Ground Forces in Occupied Yugoslavia and Albania as of
the fall of Belgrade, 20 October, 1944

C in C Southeast and Army Group F
     XXXX
     Second
         XXX
         LXIX
            XX
            1 Cossack
         XXX
         XV Mtn.
            XX
            264, 373, 392
         XXX
         V SS Mtn.
            XX
            369, 118(L)
         XXX
         IX SS Mtn. (Formed in the summer of 1944 to control
                     Albania and Croatian SS Divisions.)
            XX
            Boettcher, Kuehlwein (Kampfgruppen (Battle Groups)
                                 of Division Size or Larger.)
            13 SS Mtn. (13th SS Mountain Division (Handschar)
                        arrived in Slovenia in early 1944.)
 XXXXX
 E
         XXX
         LXVIII
            XX
            41 (Fortress Troops)
         XXX
         Comdr. E. Aegean Area
            XX
            Rhodes,
            938, 939, 967 (Fortress Troops)
         XXX
         XXII Mtn.
            XX
            104 (L) ,
            966, 1017 (Fortress Troops)
         XXX
         XCI
         XXX
         XXI Mtn.
            XX
            297, 181, 21 SS Mtn. (21st Mountain Division
                                 (Skanderberg) was formed in the
                                 summer of 1944 of Albanian
                                 Personnel.)
         XXX
         Mil. Comdr. Macedonia (Formed to coordinate efforts of
                                units assigned to holding open
                                escape route of  Army Group E
                                from Greece to area of Serbia
                                north of Macedonia.)
            XX
            11 AF Fd, 22 (Para.)

     XXXX
     Army in Serbia and Mil. Comdr. SE
         XXX
         Gen. Mueller (Kampfgruppen (battle group) of division
                       size or larger.)
             XX
             1 Mtn, 7 SS Mtn.
         XXX
         Gen. Schneckenburger
            XX
            117 (L)

Transcribed, edited and collected by
Larry W. Jewell
jewell@mace.cc.purdue.edu

------------------------------

Date:    Wed, 12 May 1993 03:36:24 -0300
From:    klaus kostenbauer 9209 <kkosten1@MACH1.WLU.CA>
Subject: Re: Some information on the Balkans.

Just a thank-you-note on the thorough information!
Regards, Klaus Kostenbauer

------------------------------

Date:    Wed, 12 May 1993 07:18:09 -0400
From:    jem3@CC.BELLCORE.COM
Subject: USAAF 12 MAY 43

COMBAT CHRONOLOGY OF THE US ARMY AIR FORCES
WEDNESDAY, 12 MAY 1943
FTP SITES
  1. ftp.rutgers.edu in directory pub/wwii/usaf
  2. byrd.mu.wvnet.edu (129.71.32.152) in pub/history/military/airforce/
     wwii_chronology

AIRCRAFT MENTIONED IN THIS REPORT:
  A-20, Douglas Havoc
  A-36, North American Apache
  B-17, Boeing Flying Fortress
  B-24, Consolidated Liberator
  B-25, North American Mitchell
  B-26, Martin Marauder
  Beaufighter, Bristol (RAF)
  F-5, Lockheed Lightning
  P-38, Lockheed Lightning
  P-39, Bell Airacobra
  P-40, Curtiss
  Wellington, Vickers (RAF)

AMERICAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Eleventh Air Force)
  In the Aleutians, a P-39 reconnaissance sortie over Kiska and Rat Island
encounters poor weather and turns back. At Attu, an air-ground liaison
B-24 watches US forces land on beach "Red" while another B-24 drops
supplies. Seven attack missions flown by 10 B-24's, 12 B-25's, and 24
P-38's bomb and strafe assigned Attu targets. Four barges are set afire in
the W arm of Holtz Bay.

EUROPEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Eighth Air Force)
  HQ 95th Bombardment Group (Heavy) arrives at Framlingham, England from
the US.
  HQ 323d Bombardment Group (Medium) and it's 453d and 455th Bombardment
Squadrons (Medium) with B-26C's arrive at Horham, England from the US.
The group will fly it's first combat mission on Friday.
  The 14th Photographic Squadron (Light), 3d Photographic Group, with F-
5A's, arrives at Mount Farm, England from the US.
  The 337th, 338th, 339th and 413th Bombardment Squadrons (Heavy), 96th
Bombardment Group (Heavy) with B-17F's, arrive at Great Saling, England
from the US. The squadrons will fly their first combat mission tomorrow.
  The 417th Night Fighter Squadron, VIII Fighter Command arrives at Ayr,
Scotland from the US. and begins training with Beaufighters.
  The 508, 509th 510th and 511th Bombardment Squadrons (Heavy), 351st
Bombardment Group (Heavy), with B-17F's, arrive at Polebrook, England from
the US. They will fly their first combat mission on Friday.

MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Ninth Air Force)
    In Tunisia, B-25's bomb targets in the battle area in NE Tunisia.

  WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Northwest African Air Force)
    In Sicily, Northwest African Strategic Air Force (NASAF) Wellingtons
bomb the docks at Marsala during the night of 11/12 May; some bombs fall
on Mazara del Vallo and Trapani.
    In Tunisia, Northwest African Tactical Air Force (NATAF) fighters, A-
20's, and medium bombers fly sweeps and tactical reconnaissance over the
battle area and hit positions S of Bou Ficha which form the last link
between the enemy forces and the sea. By night, enemy resistance in the S
is almost ended. Enemy troops, including Colonel-General Jurgen von Arnim,
Commander-in-Chief, Army Group Africa, are surrendering en masse.
    HQ 86th Bombardment Group (Dive) and it's 309th Bombardment Squadron
(Dive) with A-36's arrive at La Senia, Algeria from the US.
    The 92d Fighter Squadron, 81st Fighter Group, with P-39's, transfers
from Maison Blanche, Algeria to Warnier, Algeria.
    The ground echelon of the 415th Night Fighter Squadron, Twelfth Air
Force arrives at La Senia, Algeria from the US. The air echelon is in
England training with Beaufighters.

SOUTH PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Thirteenth Air Force)
  In the Solomons during the night of 11/12 May, B-17's fly snooper
strikes against Kahili Airfield. During the early morning hours, P-40's
and Navy aircraft hit AA positions, runway and revetments there.

SOUTHWEST PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Fifth Air Force)
  In New Guinea, B-25's bomb the airfield and surrounding area at
Finschhafen.
  In the Moluccas B-24's hit Saumlakki.
  Single heavy bombers hit Salamaua, New Guinea and Gasmata in the
Bismarck Archipelago.

SOURCES:
AIR FORCE COMBAT UNITS OF WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force History,
  Headquarters USAF, 1961, ISBN 0-912799-02-1
COMBAT SQUADRONS OF THE AIR FORCE, WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force
  History, Headquarters USAF 1982
THE ARMY AIR FORCES IN WORLD WAR II: COMBAT CHRONOLOGY, 1941-1945 by the
  Office of Air Force History, Headquarters USAF, 1973
THE MIGHTY EIGHTH WAR DIARY by Roger A. Freeman, ISBN 1-85409-071-2

Jack McKillop
USAF (Airways and Air Communications Service)
1955-59


----------------------------------------------------------------------
|  Jack McKillop      |  Those who have long enjoyed such privileges |
|  Bellcore           |  as we enjoy forget in time that men have    |
|  Piscataway, NJ     |  died to win them.     FDR                   |
|  USA                |  jem3@cc.bellcore.com                        |
----------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

Date:    Wed, 12 May 1993 07:31:55 EDT
From:    Lowe Barrett MAJ <hb9388@USMA6.USMA.EDU>
Subject: Re: Some information on the Balkans.

To Larry Jewel:

I put some info on this together a little while ago.  Maybe in a slightly
easier to read format.

The first section is on the German campaign to conquer Yugoslavia in 1941
and the second section is on their order of battle in early 1944 when they
were heavily engaged in counter-guerrilla operations.

Most of my info came from the same DA PAM that your cite.

Barry

Section 1

Balkan Campaign:  6-30 April 1941

(It took the German Army just 12 days to
conquer Yugoslavia, and to the end of the
month to clear Greece).

Order of Battle:

2nd Italian Army (10 divisions, of questionable
combat effectiveness).

German 2. Armee  (von Weichs)

LII Armeekorps:  183 Inf. Div and 132 Inf. Div
                 (these had 3 regiments)

LI Armeekorps:  125 Inf. Div and 79 Inf. Div
                (these had 3 regiments)

XXXXIX Armeekorps:  101 Jager Div (Light)
                    1 Gebirgsjager Div (Mountain)
                    (these had 2 regiments)

XXXXVI Panzerkorps:  8 Panzer Div
                     14 Panzer Div
                     16 Mot. Inf. Div (precursor to PanzerGrenadiers)

German 12. Armee  (List)

XI Armeekorps:  294 Inf. Div (3 regiments)
                4 Gebirgsjager Div (2 regiments)

XXX Armeekorps:  164 Inf. Div (3 regiments, later transferred to
                               the Afrikakorps)
                 72 Inf. Div and 50 Inf. Div
                 (these had 3 regiments)

XVIII Armeekorps:  5 Gebirgsjager Div (2 regiments)
                   6 Gebirgsjager Div (2 regiments)
                   2 Panzer Div

Panzergruppe 1 (von Kleist)

XXXX Panzerkorps:  9 Panzer Div
                   Liebstandarte Adolph Hitler (Waffen SS:
                        Mot. Inf. Div at this time, later Panzer Div)
                   73 Inf. Div (3 regiments)

XIV Panzerkorps:  5 Panzer Div
                  11 Panzer Div
                  60 Mot. Inf. Div

XXXXI Panzerkorps:  Das Reich Div (Waffen SS)
                    Grossdeutschland Mot. Inf. Regt
                    Hermann Goering Brigade

Armee Reserve:  16 Panzer Div
                198 Inf. Div, 76 Inf. Div, and 46 Inf. Div
                 (these had 3 regiments)

Later, for operations on Crete (in May 1941, the 7th Fleiger Division
of Fallschirmjager -- paratroopers -- was brought in).

Order of Battle taken from P. 42 of:
Kampf und Untergang der Deutschen Panzertruppe 1939-1945



Section 2

German Forces in the Balkans:  26 Dec 43 (taken from DA Pam 20-243)

I.  Serbia and Croatia:

XV Gebrigskorps:    371 Inf. Div. (3 Regts); good unit, to Russian Front
                        early 1944
               373 Inf. Div. (2 Regts); formed with Croatian volunteers
               1 Cossack Div. (6 Cav Regts); Cossack/Tatar/Kazakh
               114 Jager Div. (2 Regts); formed from 714 Inf. Div, made up
                    from older personnel and Landwehr
               264 Inf. Div. (3 Regts)

V SS Gebirgskorps:  181 Inf. Div. (3 Regts); good unit, to Russian Front
                        late 1944
               369 Inf. Div. (2 Regts); formed with Croatian volunteers
               118 Jager Div. (2 Regts); formed from 718 Inf. Div., made up
                    from older personnel and Landwehr
               1 Gebirgsjager Div. (2 Regts); a good unit
               7 SS Gebirgsjager Div. "Prinz Eugen" (2 Regts), a good unit

LXIX Armeekorps:    173 Res. Inf. Div. (3 Regts)
               42 Jager Div. (2 Regts); formed from 187 Res. Inf. Div.
               367 Inf. Div. (3 Regts); a good unit, to Russian Front
                        early 1944

1st Bulgarian Corps:     22 Bulgarian Inf. Div.
                         24 Bulgarian Inf. Div.
                         25 Bulgarian Inf. Div.
                         27 Bulgarian Inf. Div.

II:  In Albania:

XXI Gebrigskorps:   297 Inf. Div. (3 Regts); a good unit, to Russian Front
                          early 1944
               100 Jager Div. (2 Regts)

III:  In Greece:

LXVIII Armeekorps:  117 Jager Div. (2 Regts); formed from 717 Inf. Div., made
                          up from older personnel and Landwehr
               11 Luftwaffe Feld-Div. (2 Regts)

XXII Armeekorps:    104 Jager Div. (2 Regts); formed from 704 Inf. Div., made
                         up from older personnel and Landwehr

Armeekorps Crete:   22 Luftlande-Div. (3 Regts); a good unit
                    Festung Brigade "Crete"

HQ Salonika:        4 SS Pz.Gren. Div. "Polizei" (3 Regts), to Russia early
                            1944
                    7 Bulgarian Inf. Div.

Aegean Corps:       26 Bulgarian Inf. Div.
                    28 Bulgarian Inf. Div.

IV:  Other Units:

13 SS Gebirgsjager Div. "Handschar" (2 Regts); formed from Croatian volunteers
       and Bosnian Muslims, a poor unit, dissolved in mid-1944

21 SS Gebirgsjager Div. "Skanderbeg"; never more than regimental size
       (kampfgruppe), formed from Albanian volunteers, a poor unit

23 SS Gebirgsjager Div. "Kama"; never more than regimental size (kampfgruppe),
      formed from Croatian volunteers and Bosnian Muslims

392 Inf. Div. (3 Regts); a good unit, formed from Croatian volunteers, fought
on the Russian Front, never used in counter-guerrilla operations

V:  Notes:  Unit information comes from Hitler's Legions by Samuel Mitcham.

A division formed with 3 regiments (denoted by 3 Regts on the chart) had the
organization of a full strength unit:  support units included (typically) an
artillery regiment with 3 to 4 artillery battalions, an engineer battalion, a
reconnaissance battalion, an anti-tank battalion, and a flak (air defense)
battalion.  Full strength around 17,000 soldiers.  Some later war 3 regiment
divisions only had 14,000-15,000 soldiers.

A division formed with 2 regiments (denoted by 2 Regts on the chart) had a
lesser scale of support:  (typically) an artillery regiment with 2 to 3
artillery battlions, an engineer company, a reconnaissance company, an
anti-tank company or battalion, perhaps a fusilier battalion (bicycle mounted).

Full strength at 11,000-12,000 soldiers, later war as low as 8,000 soldiers
authorized.
The Gebirgsjager Divisions, while organized with only 2 regiments, normally
had a full complement of divisional support.  Full strength at around
11,000-12,000 soldiers.  As the war progressed, very few German units
could be found with a full table of organization and equipment (except the
Waffen SS Panzer Divisions and Army units like the Grossdeutschland
Panzer Grenadier Division or the Panzer Lehr Division).

Barrett F. Lowe                    RANGERS LEAD THE WAY!
MAJ, IN
Dept of Physics, US Military Academy, West Point, NY 10996

------------------------------

Date:    Wed, 12 May 1993 07:53:24 EST
From:    Larry Jewell <jewell@MACE.CC.PURDUE.EDU>
Subject: Re: Some information on the Balkans.

>
> To Larry Jewel:
>
> I put some info on this together a little while ago.  Maybe in a slightly
> easier to read format.

  Yes, much easier to read.  Being a Navy type, I haven't had much need
to decypher TO&E's, etc.  I do, however, tend to quote the original source
as exactly as possible, without additions or amplifications (unless a serious
need is apparent, such as a claim that later proved inaccurate.)

 With you permission, I'll append your file to the one I'm sending to BYRD,
with appropriate attribtuion, of course.

Larry J

------------------------------

Date:    Wed, 12 May 1993 08:40:20 CDT
From:    Pat Hughes <JPHUGHES@UKANVM.BITNET>
Subject: Balkans

In addition to the GERMAN ANTIGUERRILLA OPERATIONS IN THE BALKANS (1941-1944)
which has been mentioned a couple of times on the list, there is THE GERMAN
CAMPAIGNS IN THE BALKANS (SPRING 1941) DA Pamphlet 20-260 November 1953.

------------------------------

Date:    Wed, 12 May 1993 12:18:57 EDT
From:    Lowe Barrett MAJ <hb9388@USMA6.USMA.EDU>
Subject: Re: Some information on the Balkans.

Larry,

No problem at all.  I think this bulletin board is a great way to find out
things and pass information.

Barry

Barrett F. Lowe                    RANGERS LEAD THE WAY!
MAJ, IN
Dept of Physics, US Military Academy, West Point, NY 10996

------------------------------

Date:    Wed, 12 May 1993 10:00:00 PST
From:    Stephen Fox <FOXS@AXE.HUMBOLDT.EDU>
Subject: SF Bay Area Only

I am looking for someone to do a small piece of research for me.
It would involve going to the library of the ILWU (1188 Franklin,
SF) and copying some newspaper (The Dispatcher) articles for me
re one of the people I am writing about in my book on German American
internment during WWII.  As far as I know there are 14 articles and
they are probably short ones.

If you are interested contact me privately, and we can discuss the details,
including your compensation.

ex
********************************************
*       Steve Fox                          *
*       History Department                 *
*       Humboldt State University          *
*       Arcata, CA  95521                  *
*       (707) 826-4788                     *
*       foxs@axe.humboldt.edu              *
*       CompuServe: 71712,1016             *
********************************************

------------------------------

Date:    Wed, 12 May 1993 23:06:59 +0100
From:    David Niemeijer <DAVIDN@SARA.NL>
Subject: WOII aerial photographs SE-Poland

                                                         Amsterdam, 12 May 1993.

I am working on a project on the effects of the second world war on the spatial
organisation in a small village in south-eastern Poland. Jasliska (Krosno
district), a small border village (Polish-Slowakian border) lost 25% of its
inhabitants (Jews) during WOII. This had a profound effect on the spatial
structure of the village. From a small town it was transformed into a small
village. Even around the market square the number of houses thinned out and the
area under pasture and gardens increased.

I have collected several old cadastral maps (1896 and 1975) and Polish army
aerial photos (1954 and 1978). What I am looking for now are aerial photographs
taken during or before WOII. Polish sources indicate that such photographs
were taken by the Western allied forces as well as the Russians. The photos are
apparently not in Polish hands.

If anyone has any idea where I may find such photos (in which archives in
which countries), please let me know. (Any suggestions on other places to post
this message are also welcome.)

P.S. I prefer a private mail reply.

David Niemeijer
(DavidN@sara.nl)

------------------------------

Date:    Wed, 12 May 1993 18:58:00 EST
From:    Nobody Expects the Spanish Inquisition! <MARSHALLS@BABSON.BITNET>
Subject: Sign off

Please sign me off.  I am going home for the summer.


                                Thanks,

------------------------------

Date:    Wed, 12 May 1993 16:03:21 CDT
From:    pdills@STAFF.TC.UMN.EDU
Subject: Re: World War II Airman's Preservation Society RE:re:

>
> I recently joined the World War II Airman's Preservation Society, which
> is an organization of collectors and historians who re-enact, or attempt
> to re-enact insome small way, and display what both flight and ground
> personnel in the U.S. Army Air Forces around the world.

I find this MOST interesting, and VERY worth while. You mention "in some
small way".. What do you mean by this? .. Just curious..

>
> The WWII APS is set up as the 91st Bomb Group, 8th Air Force stationed
> at Bassenbourn, England, with all of it's subordinate units.  Members
> who wish to portray flight crew are assigned a position on a crew, as
> well as an aircraft tail number and name.  At events where WWII aircraft
> are present, living displays are set up, where members stand by the
> aircraft and inform spectators of the role of each individual in the
> crew (eg--I am the Navigator, My job is to......).  Ground crews do much
> the same.The WWII APS is invited to many different airshows where WWII
> aircraft are present, and are attending events such as the Memphis Belle
> 50th Anniversary of her last combat mission, and the 8th Air Force
> reunion.

When are these events? If I join the group, would I be able to take
part in these activities?

>
> The WWII APS sets very high standards for authenticity, and personal
> appearance.  USAAF hair standards of 1942 are enforced, and uniforms
> must be original, or perfect reproductions.  It requires an outlay of to

This is a MAJOR point of interest. Since originals are few and far between,
and usually end up with collectors, somtimes making prices unaffordable,
where could I look for 'replicas' that are good enough to be used with the
group you are talking about.. I.e. where do you guys get your replicas,
uniforms, visor caps, ensignia, -- all the way down to the socks. :-)

Any help or information would be greatly appreciated. I am looking for
a replica WWII Pilots Uniform, 1943 Dress, and Flight Suit, as well as
shoes, insignia/patches for the 8th Airforce 91st BB, Jacket (Eastman,
I guess), tie, visor-cap, belt, etc...

> set up a uniform, and then however large a display you wish to prepare.
> I've seen several members of the WWII APS in full kit before, and they
> look sharp.  Authenticity is a stckler---if you aren't interested in
> doing it well, don't consider joining.

Athenticity is the MOST important item to me, and has always been. There
just isn't any use in portraying the original time and ways, if you don't
have the 'perfect' example of the original, the planes, the uniforms,
the talk, the manner, the appearance...  If one does a good job of the
portrayal, it can be incredible!!

>
> If you are interested in joining, there are several wings across the
> United States, to include St. Louis, Chicago, Ohio and Pennsylvania.  It
> cost $5 a year to join, for which you receive their newsletter,
> "Contrails".  For further information, contact me by phone or E-mail, or
> contact Jim Otto, 10657 St Veronica Court, St. Ann, MO 63074.

I am VERY interested, but also wondering if there is a chapter closer to
Minneapolis?.. I guess if I have to go as far as Chicago, I probably will
since this has always been an interest to me. Whenever I work on WWII plane
restorations, such as the one I just helped to complete, everything HAS to
be most authentic. I mean all the way down to the pilot that gets into the
cockpit. In my opinion, it would be a dishonour to put on a set of NEW
headgear-phones, to make an appearance to a Warbird Show. The ONLY way of
flying in, would be to completely and 'acurately' portray the wear and gear
as well as the plane itsself. In doing the restoration of the Me109, I made
sure that everything was the way it was.. including going so far as to hide
all the modern-day avionics (required by current day laws), so that the
Oberst from the JG that gave me tips and much help on the 'way it was',
was MOST impressed.

For the first time since the recovery of the 109, my partner/friend and
I turned-over the rebuilt engine, with the former Commander watching..
The sound was like nothing I had ever heard, and he came running up
to me, asking if he could sit in the cockpit. He was amazed at the correct-
ness and detail of the interior, with tears in his eyes. He revved the
engine a few times, with the tail still up on blocks/jacks, and then
shut it down. We almost couldn't get him out of the thing, but I heard
stories from him that mesmorized me for hours. He was even so kind to point
out a half-dozen or so items that should be changed for the sake of pure
athenticity.

Things like that bring a feeling like none other, it makes 'everything'
worth while. I would do it again and again.... Precisely.

I fear the day when no one remembers what it was like during that time,
Americans, Germans, british, etc.. All the powers involved in WWII. It's
so important to keep it alive, the 'right' way. When all is said and done,
the next 10-20 years will steal the rest of the men and women that serverd
during that time.. No-one to ask questions of 'what was it REALLY like?',
no one to startle with, "GAWD!! What it that up there? I DON'T believe it!
It's a P-51D Mustang and a 109e in a dogfight over Minneapolis!! :-)

Then there is the awsome responsibility of reminding Americans, as well as
the citizens of other nations, the great loss, hardship and work these
men and women endured for their nations, in the greatest airborn con-
frontation the world has ever whitnessed.

>
> In the future, I will post an updated WWII HRS, and a WWII APS calender.

PLEASE!! :-)

>
> Please feel free to repost this on other any other list.
>
> Tim A. Scherrer CPT, USAAF, Intelligence Officer, 91st Bomb Group, WWII
> APS Obergefreiter, 11th Panzer Division, WWII HRS 1LT, MI, USAR (I think
> I need a couple more ranks and titles)

Aww comeone, pick one, and be the BEST at it! :-)

Peter

*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*
*  pdills@epx.cis.umn.edu (Internet, immer/always) Walter Computer Lab Mngr *
*  pdills@mermaid.micro.umn.edu (Internet, immer/always) Consultant EE/CSCI *
*                                      |                                    *
*  PP-ASEL-PMIL                        o=                                   *
*                           -----o--o-(O)-o--o-----                         *
*  Planes of Fame East              |     |                   FCM Minnesota *
*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*

------------------------------

Date:    Wed, 12 May 1993 21:23:32 EST
From:    Larry Jewell <jewell@MACE.CC.PURDUE.EDU>
Subject: Re: Sign off

>
> Please sign me off.  I am going home for the summer.
>
>                                 Thanks,
Have a nice summer!

If anyone wants to sign off the list, they can send mail to

listserv@ubvm.cc.buffalo.edu

with any subject and body conataining

"unsubscribe wwii-l"  (without the quotes)

you can also put the list on hold by mailing to the same address and saying

set wwii-l nomail

which will only work if you know your address will be the same next year.

To all signing off for the summer, thanks for making this group a success,
and the hard-core, year-round types will be waiting for you in the fall.


Bon Chance!

Larry J

------------------------------

End of WWII-L Digest - 11 May 1993 to 12 May 1993
*************************************************

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Status: O

There are 8 messages totalling 384 lines in this issue.

Topics of the day:

  1. USAAF 13 MAY 43
  2. Weapons: Chenillette APC's (2)
  3. CONTACTING LIBRARIES
  4. Campaigns in New Guinea (2)
  5. VSA & WW2 Glider Rally
  6. Norwegian Loes

----------------------------------------------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 13 May 1993 07:16:20 -0400
From:    jem3@CC.BELLCORE.COM
Subject: USAAF 13 MAY 43

COMBAT CHRONOLOGY OF THE US ARMY AIR FORCES
THURSDAY, 13 MAY 1943
FTP SITES
  1. ftp.rutgers.edu in directory pub/wwii/usaf
  2. byrd.mu.wvnet.edu (129.71.32.152) in pub/history/military/airforce/
     wwii_chronology

AIRCRAFT MENTIONED IN THIS REPORT:
  A-20, Douglas Havoc
  B-17, Boeing Flying Fortress
  B-24, Consolidated Liberator
  B-25, North American Mitchell
  B-26, Martin Marauder
  Beaufighters, Bristol (RAF)
  C-47, Douglas Skytrain
  Liberator, Consolidated (RAF)
  P-38, Lockheed Lightning
  P-39, Bell Airacobra
  P-40, Curtiss
  Wellington, Vickers (RAF)

AMERICAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  ALASKA (Eleventh Air Force)
    In the Aleutians, bad weather keeps the air-ground liaison B-24 from
observing or hearing friendly ground forces on Attu and it returns to
base. An air-ground support mission of 6 B-24's divert from Attu to Kiska;
2 of the bombers don't get the message, proceed to Attu, and bomb
Chichagof Harbor and Holtz Bay. The other 4 bomb the Main Camp area. Eight
P-40's dispatched to Kiska in 2 waves cannot see the target and instead
bomb Little Kiska installations.

  CARIBBEAN (Sixth Air Force)
    The 29th Bombardment Squadron (Heavy), 6th Bombardment Group (Heavy),
with B-24's, transfers from Anton, Panama to the Galapagos Islands.

CHINA-BURMA-INDIA THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  CHINA (Fourteenth Air Force)
    The 76th Fighter Squadron, 23d Fighter Group, with P-40's, transfers
from Kunming, China to Lingling, China.

EUROPEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Eighth Air Force)
  VIII Bomber Command Mission Number 55: 97 B-17s' are dispatched against
the Avions Potez aircraft factory at Meaulte, France; 88 aircraft hit the
target at 1628-1630 hours local. We claim 11-31-1 Luftwaffe aircraft; we
lose 3 and 11 others are damaged. Casualties are 1 WIA and 31 MIA. In a
second raid, 72 B-17's are dispatched against the Longuenesse and Ft.
Rouge Airfields at St. Omer, France; 31 bomb Longuenesse at 1637-1638 hours;
1 B-17 is lost and 1 is damaged beyond repair. Casualties are 1 KIA and 2
WIA.
  The 416th Night Fighter Squadron, VIII Fighter Command arrives at
Honiley, England from the US. Detachments are dispersed to Cranfield,
Usworth and Bath to train with Beaufighters under control of the RAF.
  The 456th Bombardment Squadron (Medium), 323d Bombardment Group
(Medium), with B-26C's, arrives at Horham, England from the US.

MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Ninth Air Force)
    In Italy, B-25's bomb Augusta while RAF Liberators, under operational
control of the IX Bomber Command, attack the Messina ferry terminal.

  WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Northwest African Air Force)
    In Italy, Northwest African Strategic Air Force (NASAF) Wellingtons
bomb the area of the railroad station, marshalling yard and docks in
Naples during the night of 12/13 May.
    In Sardinia, B-17's, B-25's and B-26's from 7 bomb groups, escorted by
fighters from 4 fighter groups, bomb Cagliari, hitting shipping, the dock
area, marshaling yard, oil dump, chemical plant, and city area.
    In Tunisia, the Tunisian campaign ends with the surrender of Marshall
Giovanni Messe, commander of Axis forces in Africa.
    HQ 51st Troop Carrier Wing transfers from La Senia, Algeria to
Mascara, Algeria.
    HQ 60th Troop Carrier Group and it's 11th and 28th Troop Carrier
Squadrons with C-47's, transfer from Relizane, Algeria to Thiersville,
Algeria.
    The 34th, 37th and 432d Bombardment Squadrons (Medium), 17th
Bombardment Group (Medium), with B-26's transfer from Telergma, Algeria to
Sedrata, Algeria.

SOUTH PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Thirteenth Air Force)
  In the Solomons during the night of 12/13 May, 2 B-24's on snooper
missions bomb Kahili and Ballale Airfields. They are followed shortly by 6
B-17's which pound the same targets. During the day, 34 P-38's, P-39's,
and P-40's, along with 62 Navy and Marine fighters and Royal New Zealand
Air Force (RNZAF) P-40's, intercept 20+ airplanes over the Russell
Island-Tulagi area. Allied pilots claim 16 aircraft shot down (1 by USAAF
fighters).  During the early evening, 5 B-17's again hit Kahili and Ballale
Airfields.

SOUTHWEST PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Fifth Air Force)
  B-17's bomb airfields at Rabaul on New Britain Island and Wewak and
Boram in New Guinea.
  In the Bismarck Archipelago, B-25's blast the airfield, town area, and
targets of opportunity at Gasmata while A-20's hit Cape Gloucester
Airfield and area.
  Single B-24's and B-17's attack various shoreline and offshore targets,
including landing strips, buildings, gun positions, barges, and vessels,
on the NE New Guinea coast, New Britain, and in the Admiralty Islands.

SOURCES:
AIR FORCE COMBAT UNITS OF WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force History,
  Headquarters USAF, 1961, ISBN 0-912799-02-1
COMBAT SQUADRONS OF THE AIR FORCE, WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force
  History, Headquarters USAF 1982
THE ARMY AIR FORCES IN WORLD WAR II: COMBAT CHRONOLOGY, 1941-1945 by the
  Office of Air Force History, Headquarters USAF, 1973
THE MIGHTY EIGHTH WAR DIARY by Roger A. Freeman, ISBN 1-85409-071-2

Jack McKillop
USAF (Airways and Air Communications Service)
1955-59


----------------------------------------------------------------------
|  Jack McKillop      |  Those who have long enjoyed such privileges |
|  Bellcore           |  as we enjoy forget in time that men have    |
|  Piscataway, NJ     |  died to win them.     FDR                   |
|  USA                |  jem3@cc.bellcore.com                        |
----------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 13 May 1993 07:43:23 EDT
From:    "AD16000@NEMOMUS.BITNET. --Scherrer,
         Tim A." <AD16%NEMOMUS.BITNET@MIZZOU1.MISSOURI.EDU>
Subject: Weapons: Chenillette APC's

While thunbing through my copy of WWII magazine, which came in the mail
last night, I ran across a picture on page 27 that stumped me---caption:
"Returning in style: Surviving members of the 82nd Airborne enter Gela
riding captured German Chenillette weapons carriers and an Italian
ambulance on July, 13, 1943." The article was about the invasion of
Sicily.  What is a Chenillette weapon's carrier----It looks like a
really big Goliath demolition remote controled tank---it is about the
same size as a Bren Carrier.  It something the German's captured and
pressed into service?  I've never heard of a Chenillette.  It was in the
July, 1993 copy of WWII.

While eating my cereal for breakfast this morning, I notice on the side
of a Tamiya Kubelwagen model kit box, it listed a tank model as the
"Sharman".  I guess that mean's it's baby soft, or something.  (For you
overseas---Charman is a type of toilet paper here in the U.S.).

Tim

************************************************************************
*  Tim A. Scherrer          "You'll be fighting WWII for the rest of   *
*  Facilities Supervisor     your life", Ron Scherrer, 1971            *
*  WP:816-785-5253                                                     *
*  HP:816-665-6704                                                     *
*  ID# AD16%NEMOMUS@ACADEMIC.NEMOSTATE.EDU                             *
************************************************************************

------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 13 May 1993 17:14:46 +0200
From:    JOHN AUSLAND <d_ausland_j@KARI.UIO.NO>
Subject: CONTACTING LIBRARIES

  Oslo, May 13.  I would appreciate some advice from the librarians
who are using this list.  In making arrangements for marketing my book
in the US, I have been looking into how to approach libraries but
have yet to find a good solution.  To get a mailing list and send
flyers would cost $2,000 to $3,000.
  There is also the option of sending a book for review to library
publications.  CHOICE and LIBRARY JOURNAL seem to be the prime
candidates.  It is, however, by no means certain they will review
a book sent to them, and then it is my understanding it can take
a long time before one appears.
  There is an outfit called QUALITY BOOKS which will take the task
on, but they want a minimum of fifty-five percent of the price of
the book.  With this, I would have to hope they would not sell many,
because I would lose money on each book they sold.
  It has occurred to me that I might be able to reach librarians
through a list.  After looking around a bit, I joined PACS-L, only
to be told that I should go elsewhere.  They gave me a long list
of library lists, but I cannot make head or tail out of it.
  Perhaps I am engaged in a wild goose chase and should forget the
libraries.  Before doing this, however, I would like to see if
anyone has something to suggest.
  Regards, John Ausland
        Internet: d_ausland_j@kari.uio.no
        John C. Ausland CIS: 73240,2704

------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 13 May 1993 10:11:46 GMT+800
From:    Joseph Boeke <BOEKE@BPDEV.UADV.UCI.EDU>
Subject: Campaigns in New Guinea

Hello,

I hope that some one on the list might be able to help me locate
sources on the Papuan Campigns (1942-1943).  Especially concerning
the 5th Air Force operations (prior to the Bismark Sea Battle).

Thanks in advance for your help...


Joseph Boeke
Research Coordinator
University of California, Irvine
 JRBOEKE@UCI.EDU

------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 13 May 1993 16:04:54 -0400
From:    MAX HARE <maxc@URSUS1.URSUS.MAINE.EDU>
Subject: VSA & WW2 Glider Rally

The NATIONAL SOARING MUSEUM and the WW2 GLIDER PILOTS ASSOCIATION will
be sponsoring a celebration to commemorate the 50th anniverary of the
Sicily Invasion on July 9, 10 & 11.

On Thursday, July 8, 1993 rides will be availabe at Harris Hill in WW2
vintage training gliders.

On, Friday July 9, the National Soaring Museum will sponsor a symposium
on the CG-4A troop glider with a panel of designers and experts involved
in its development starting at 10:30 a.m.

The entire weekend will be devoted to a "fly-in" by the VINTAGE
SAILPLANE SOCIETY and the visitor will get a chance to see some rare WW2
training ships like the Pratt-Read (used by Navy and Marines and later
the AAF for training), TG-2s, TG-4s and if this is like previous years
you will get a chance to see some German trainers like the Minimoa.  The
National Soaring Museum also has a complete CG-4A nose section and a
nice photo display of training, development etc of military gliders.

If you are used to powered warbird gatherings this will be a fascinating
change of pace and will open up a whole new world to you.  Get there
early and try and get a ride in one of these classics.  The VSA is
always great about trying to get people up for rides, and the NSM has
some real worthwhile displays.  Highly recommended, especially to those
who think they have seen it all concerning WW2 aviation!

Contact:

NATIONAL SOARING MUSEUM
RD.#3, HARRIS HILL
ELMIRA, NY  14903-9988

Phone (607) 734-3128
FAX (607)732-6745



Remember the National Soaring Museum is right next to the glider field
so you wont have to travel far to go from flying to museum displays!

------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 13 May 1993 17:04:26 EST
From:    Larry Jewell <jewell@MACE.CC.PURDUE.EDU>
Subject: Re: Campaigns in New Guinea

>
> Hello,
>
> I hope that some one on the list might be able to help me locate
> sources on the Papuan Campigns (1942-1943).  Especially concerning
> the 5th Air Force operations (prior to the Bismark Sea Battle).
>
> Thanks in advance for your help...
>
>
> Joseph Boeke
> Research Coordinator
> University of California, Irvine
>  JRBOEKE@UCI.EDU
>

From: UNITED STATES ARMY IN WORLD WAR II Reader's Guide

VICTORY IN PAPUA. By Samuel Milner. (1957, 1989; 409 pages, 23
maps, 69 illustrations, bibliographical note, glossaries, index,
CMH Pub 5-4.)

"Soon after the shattered American Navy won its great victory at
Midway, the United States launched its ground forces into their
first offensives in the Pacific, at Guadalcanal as recounted
above, and on the eastern tip of New Guinea.  The offensive
supplied by two U.S. Army divisions, the 32nd and a regiment of
the 41st.  VICTORY IN PAPUA is a detailed account of their
bitter experience in the operation to which they were committed,
the objective of which was to expel the Japanese from their
lodgments at Milne Bay, Buna and Gona.

"This is the first offensive under General MacArthur's command,
and the American forces used were untried, neither trained nor
seasoned for their difficult first assignment.  For most of the
Allied troops the Papua Campaign was a military nightmare.  The
work describes the agonies and frustrations of men living under
almost intolerable conditions, plagued by disease, short of
artillery, and pitted against a skilled and resolute foe.

"While the narrative focuses on the painful struggles of the
American ground forces to master their environment and overcome
their foes, its scope is as broad as the campaign and includes
the direction of joint, Allied operations; the operations of the
Australians; and the sometimes highly experimental employment of
air powers to transport and supply the ground forces as well as
support them in battle.

"Key topics:
"1. Problems of joint and Allied command (Ch. II).
"2. Problems in theater strategy (Chs. I, II).
"3. Japanese offensive plans and operations (Chs. I, III, IV, V,
    VI).
"4 Air transport and supply (Chs. V, VII).
"5. Improvisation of logistic support (Chs. V. VII, VIII, X,
    XI).
"6. Effects of disease and insufficient training upon tactical
    efficiency (Chs. VII-XVII).
"7. Small-unit attacks against fortified areas (Chs. VII-XVIII).
"8. Special problems of command (Chs. X, XI)."

Hope this helps,

Larry J

------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 13 May 1993 14:04:57 EDT
From:    "William B. Thacker" <wbt@CBEMF.ATT.COM>
Subject: Re: Weapons: Chenillette APC's

> What is a Chenillette weapon's carrier----It looks like a
> really big Goliath demolition remote controled tank---it is about the
> same size as a Bren Carrier.  It something the German's captured and
> pressed into service?  I've never heard of a Chenillette.


It's a deservedly obscure French weapons carrier.  (The spelling looks
funny to me... but then, all French spelling looks funny to me. 8-)

It was a two-man vehicle, and very small, smaller than a Bren carrier.
An easy-to-spot feature is that the crew (who sit side-by-side in the
front) are seated such that their heads are outside the armored deck, and
are provided with domed hatches that pull over their heads.

It was primarily intended as a recon vehicle and gun tractor, equivalent to
the early British carriers.

I'll try and post more info tonight from my library.

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Bill Thacker             AT&T Network Systems       attmail!att!cbemf!wbt
Quality Engineer            Columbus, Ohio              wbt@cbemf.att.com

------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 13 May 1993 19:45:29 -0600
From:    THURMAN@ISCSVAX.UNI.EDU
Subject: Norwegian Loes

John Ausland,

I was told to address a particular question about Norwegian history to
John Ausland. I am not a member of this group but would like an answer to a
burning question:

Are the following Norwegian genetically related ?

        1) Jonas L.I. Lie: Nov 6, 1833-July 5, 1905: prolific Norwegian
                novelist.
        2) Marius Sophus Lie: Dec 17, 1842-Feb 18, 1899: Norwegian
                mathematician extraordinaire.
        3) Trygve H. Lie: July 16, 1896-Dec 30, 1968: prominent politician and
                the 1st Secretary -General of United Nations.

If you have any information on their common (?) genealogy  please let me know.
In particular, are 2 and 3 related? Thank you

Carl Thurman/University of Northern Iowa

------------------------------

End of WWII-L Digest - 12 May 1993 to 13 May 1993
*************************************************

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Status: O

There are 5 messages totalling 390 lines in this issue.

Topics of the day:

  1. USAAF 14 MAY 43 (2)
  2. LIBRARIES
  3. USAAF 15 MAY 43
  4. INFO: Italian Navy: Early 1942

----------------------------------------------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 14 May 1993 07:15:05 -0400
From:    jem3@CC.BELLCORE.COM
Subject: USAAF 14 MAY 43

COMBAT CHRONOLOGY OF THE US ARMY AIR FORCES
FRIDAY, 14 MAY 1943
FTP SITES
  1. ftp.rutgers.edu in directory pub/wwii/usaf
  2. byrd.mu.wvnet.edu (129.71.32.152) in pub/history/military/airforce/
     wwii_chronology

AIRCRAFT MENTIONED IN THIS REPORT:
  B-17, Boeing Flying Fortress
  B-24, Consolidated Liberator
  B-25, North American Mitchell
  B-26, Martin Marauder
  P-38, Lockheed Lightning
  P-40, Curtiss
  P-47, Republic Thunderbolt
  Wellington, Vickers (RAF)

AMERICAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Eleventh Air Force)
  In the Aleutians, poor weather curtails bombings. The air-ground liaison
B-24 flies reconnaissance and photo reconnaissance over Attu throughout
the day. One B-24 carrying supplies for the ground forces hits a mountain
side 10 miles (16 km) W of the drop zone. Six B-24 s and 5 B-25's fly
ground support bombing missions over Attu. Two P-40's bomb Kiska through
the overcast.

EUROPEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Eighth Air Force)
  VIII Bomber Command Mission Number 56: A maximum force is put in the air
as part of a combined offensive against the Wehrmacht. 154 B-17's, 21 B-
24's and 12 B-26's are dispatched against 4 targets. The principal attack
is against submarine yards and naval installations at Kiel, Germany; 136
B-17's and 21 B-24's are dispatched with 126 B-17's and 17 B-24's hitting
the target at 1200-1203 hours local. We claim 62-24-27 Luftwaffe aircraft;
we lose 5 B-24's and 3 B-17's with 1 B-24 damaged beyond repair and 9
B-24's and 27 B-17's damaged. Casualties are 3 KIA, 17 WIA and 81 MIA. 42
B-17's are dispatched against the former Ford and General Motors plants at
Antwerp, Belgium; 38 hit the target at 1320 hours local; we claim 5-1-4
Luftwaffe aircraft; we lose 1 and 15 others and damaged; casualties are 3
WIA and 10 MIA; in the third raid, 39 B-17's are dispatched against
Courtrai Airfield, France; 34 hit the target; we claim 0-0-1 Luftwaffe
aircraft; we lose 2 B-17's and 10 others are damaged; casualties are 20
MIA. In the 4th raid, 12 B-26's are dispatched against the Velsen power
station at Ijmuiden, The Netherlands; 11 hit the target at 1100 hours; 1
B-26 is damaged beyond repair when it crashes upon returning to base and
9 others are damaged; casualties are 1 KIA and 7 MIA. This is first time
more than 200 US bombers are dispatched. The attack at Ijmuiden is made at
low level by the 322d Bombardment Group (Medium), the first US medium
bomber group to become operational in the UK.
  The Antwerp mission is escorted by 118 P-47's; they claim 4-6-11
Luftwaffe aircraft; we lose 3 P-47's and 1 is damaged; casualties are 3
MIA.
  A detachment of the 416th Night Fighter Squadron, VIII Fighter Command
is sent to Bristol, England for training with the RAF.
  The 417th Night Fighter Squadron, VIII Fighter Command transfers from
Ayr, Scotland to Cranfield, England. The squadron is training on
Beaufighters with the RAF and has detachments at Ayr, Uxbridge, Coltishall
and Bristol, England.

MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Ninth Air Force)
    P-40's fly sea patrol and escort for bombers.

  WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Northwest African Air Force)
    In Sardinia during the night of 13/14 May, Wellingtons hit Cagliari.
During the day, B-25's and P-38 escorts bomb the dock and town area of
Olbia claiming destruction of 3 vessels. B-26's hit Porto Ponte Romano.
    In Italy, B-17's bomb Civitavecchia.
    During the day, P-38's bomb tunnel, barracks, airfield, industry,
power station, and town areas at Sassari and Abbasanta, Italy; and Alghero
and Porto Torres, Sardinia.
    HQ 1st Air Defense Wing transfers from Casablanca, French Morocco to
Sousse, Tunisia. The unit will be redesignated the 62d Fighter Wing in Jul
43.
    The 10th Troop Carrier Squadron, 60th Troop Carrier Group, with
C-47's, transfers from Relizane, Algeria to Thiersville, Algeria.
    The 14th Troop Carrier Squadron, 61st Troop Carrier Group, with
C-47's, arrives at Lourmel, Algeria from the US.
    The 95th Bombardment Squadron (Medium), 17th Bombardment Group
(Medium), with B-26's, transfers from Telergma, Algeria to Sedrata,
Algeria.
    The 347th Fighter Squadron, 350th Fighter Group, with P-39's,
transfers from Le Sers, Tunisia to Djidjelli, Algeria.

SOUTH PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Thirteenth Air Force)
  In the Solomons, single B-24's fly early evening snooper strikes against
airfields at Kahili, Ballale, and Munda. During the night of 14/15 May,
B-17's on a snooper mission bomb Kahili

SOUTHWEST PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Fifth Air Force)
  In the Bismarck Archipelago, B-25's administer a thorough pounding to the
airfield and surrounding area at Gasmata while B-24's and B-17's pound
Rabaul Airfield.
  In Timor, B-25's bomb Penfoei Airfield and the Dili area.
  Single heavy bombers hit various targets in NE New Guinea, New Britain
and the Netherlands East Indies.
  The 475th Fighter Group and it's 431st, 432d and 433d Fighter Squadrons
are activated at Charters Towers, Queensland, Australia. The unit will be
equipped with P-38F and H aircraft and will enter combat in Aug 43.

SOURCES:
AIR FORCE COMBAT UNITS OF WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force History,
  Headquarters USAF, 1961, ISBN 0-912799-02-1
COMBAT SQUADRONS OF THE AIR FORCE, WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force
  History, Headquarters USAF 1982
THE ARMY AIR FORCES IN WORLD WAR II: COMBAT CHRONOLOGY, 1941-1945 by the
  Office of Air Force History, Headquarters USAF, 1973
THE MIGHTY EIGHTH WAR DIARY by Roger A. Freeman, ISBN 1-85409-071-2

Jack McKillop
USAF (Airways and Air Communications Service)
1955-59


----------------------------------------------------------------------
|  Jack McKillop      |  Those who have long enjoyed such privileges |
|  Bellcore           |  as we enjoy forget in time that men have    |
|  Piscataway, NJ     |  died to win them.     FDR                   |
|  USA                |  jem3@cc.bellcore.com                        |
----------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 14 May 1993 17:05:44 +0200
From:    JOHN AUSLAND <d_ausland_j@KARI.UIO.NO>
Subject: LIBRARIES

FOR BOB GRANVIN
Thanks for the suggestion that I hike the price of the book and use
QUALITY BOOKS.  I had thought of that and decided it would be improper
to have two prices.  Also, to break even I would have to charge $40
and to make a modest profit $50, after QUALITY had taken its %55
cut.

FOR CARL THURMAN
Off hand, I do not know whether these Lies are related, and my
Norwegian encylopedia does not tell me.  I will check and get back
to you.

Regards, John Ausland, Oslo

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 14 May 1993 15:57:02 -0400
From:    jem3@CC.BELLCORE.COM
Subject: USAAF 15 MAY 43

COMBAT CHRONOLOGY OF THE US ARMY AIR FORCES
SATURDAY, 15 MAY 1943
FTP SITES
  1. ftp.rutgers.edu in directory pub/wwii/usaf
  2. byrd.mu.wvnet.edu (129.71.32.152) in pub/history/military/airforce/
     wwii_chronology

AIRCRAFT MENTIONED IN THIS REPORT:
  A-20, Douglas Havoc
  A-36, North American Apache
  B-17, Boeing Flying Fortress
  B-24, Consolidated Liberator
  B-25, North American Mitchell
  C-47, Douglas Skytrain
  P-38, Lockheed Lightning
  P-40, Curtiss
  Spitfire, Vickers Supermarine
  Wellington, Vickers (RAF)

AMERICAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  ALASKA (Eleventh Air Force)
    In the Aleutians, weather again curtails operations. The air-ground
liaison B-24 observes and directs air operations at Attu throughout the
day as visibility permits and directs a supply drop for ground forces by
another B-24 in 2 air-ground support missions. Six B-24's bomb Holtz Bay
and Chichagof Harbor and 6 P-38's strafe AA installations in the Holtz Bay
area.

  CARIBBEAN (Antilles Air Command)
    HQ VI Fighter Command transfers from Henry Barracks, Puerto Rico to
Waller Field, Trinidad.

CENTRAL PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Seventh Air Force)
  7 B-24's from Midway Island bomb Wake Island; 4 others abort and 7
others fail to find the target. 22 fighters intercept the formation; the
B-24's claim 4 shot down; 1 B-24 is lost.

CHINA-BURMA-INDIA THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  CHINA (Fourteenth Air Force)
    In China,  25-35 Japanese bombers and 30-40 fighters attack Kunming.
Nearly all of the bombs fall in W and SW of the airfield, causing little
damage. 28 P-40's intercept, claiming 13 fighters and 2 bombers shot down.

EUROPEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Eighth Air Force)
  VIII Bomber Command Mission Number 57: 113 B-17's are dispatched against
various targets in Germany as well as airfield and naval installations on
Helgoland Island and the naval base and submarine construction works at
Wilhelmshaven; 76 bomb the targets at 1050-1055 hours local; we claim 29-
20-30 Luftwaffe aircraft destroyed; we lose 5 B-17's, 1 is damaged beyond
repair and 26 damaged; casualties are 1 KIA, 7 WIA and 51 MIA. 80 B-17's
are dispatched against the U-boat yard, marshalling yard and airfield at
Emden, Germany; 59 bomb at 1056-1103 hours local; they claim 14-3-1
Luftwaffe aircraft; we lose 1 B-17 and 9 others are damaged; casualties
are 10 MIA.
  116 P-47's are dispatched on a high altitude sweep of the
Amsterdam/Rotterdam area prior to the bombing raids; they claim 2
Luftwaffe aircraft damaged; 1 P-47 is lost and the pilot is listed as MIA.
  The 109th Observation Squadron, 67th Observation Group, with Spitfire
VB's, transfers from Atcham, England to Membury, England.

MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Ninth Air Force)
    In the Mediterranean, P-40's fly sea patrol.

  WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Northwest African Air Force)
    In Sicily, Northwest African Strategic Air Force (NASAF) Wellingtons
bomb Palermo during the night of 14/15 May.
    In the Mediterranean, the Northwest Coastal Air Force (NACAF) maintains
sea patrol and reconnaissance over large area from the W coast of Italy
over Sicily, Corsica, Sardinia, and as far N as Marseilles, France.
    HQ 31st Fighter Group transfers from Le Sers, Tunisia to Korba,
Tunisia.
    HQ 61st Troop Carrier Group and it's 15th, 53d and 59th Troop Carrier
Squadrons, with C-47's, arrive at Lourmel, French Morocco from the US.
    The 58th Fighter Squadron, 33d Fighter Group, with P-40's, transfers
from Ebba Ksour, Tunisia to Menzel Temime, Tunisia.
    The 307th Fighter Squadron, 31st Fighter Group, with Spitfires,
transfers from Le Sers, Tunisia to Korba, Tunisia.
    The 309th, 310th and 312th Bombardment Squadrons (Dive), 86th
Bombardment Group (Dive), with A-36's, transfer from La Senia, Algeria to
Mediouna, French Morocco.

SOUTHWEST PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Fifth Air Force)
  In New Guinea, B-25's pound the airfield at Lae; A-20's strafe the
aircraft and building at Lae; and B-24's hit Nabire.
  In the Bismarck Archipelago, B-25's pound the airfield at Gasmata; B-
24's bomb the airfield at Rabaul; and single heavy bombers hit Gasmata,
Cape Gloucester, and barges SW of Ubili.

SOURCES:
AIR FORCE COMBAT UNITS OF WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force History,
  Headquarters USAF, 1961, ISBN 0-912799-02-1
COMBAT SQUADRONS OF THE AIR FORCE, WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force
  History, Headquarters USAF 1982
THE ARMY AIR FORCES IN WORLD WAR II: COMBAT CHRONOLOGY, 1941-1945 by the
  Office of Air Force History, Headquarters USAF, 1973
THE MIGHTY EIGHTH WAR DIARY by Roger A. Freeman, ISBN 1-85409-071-2

Jack McKillop
USAF (Airways and Air Communications Service)
1955-59


----------------------------------------------------------------------
|  Jack McKillop      |  Those who have long enjoyed such privileges |
|  Bellcore           |  as we enjoy forget in time that men have    |
|  Piscataway, NJ     |  died to win them.     FDR                   |
|  USA                |  jem3@cc.bellcore.com                        |
----------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 14 May 1993 16:55:22 -0400
From:    "M. Joseph Barone" <m1b@RAYSSD.SSD.RAY.COM>
Subject: Re: USAAF 14 MAY 43

What are snooper missions?
--
Joe Barone
m1b@rayssd.ssd.ray.com
I'm a first generation Italian.  They would shoot me as a traitor.

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 14 May 1993 17:04:26 -0400
From:    "M. Joseph Barone" <m1b@RAYSSD.SSD.RAY.COM>
Subject: INFO: Italian Navy: Early 1942

        The beginning of 1942 saw the situation deteriorating in Malta.
The British decided to attempt to resupply the island by running a
convoy from Alexandria.  On March 20, four ships, escorted by an anti-
aircraft cruiser and six destroyers began the journey from Alexandria.
Supporting the convoy were three light cruisers and four destroyers,
as well as another force of destroyers.  A cruiser based at Malta also
sortied to provide assistance.

        An Italian submarine spotted the convoy and the Italians responded
swiftly, sending two heavy and one light cruiser with four destroyers from
Messina, and the 15-inch gun battleship "Littorio" and four destroyers from
Taranto, to intercept the British.  The Italian forces were spotted by a
British submarine and the convoy was ordered south to delay or avoid contact.
At sea, the weather was rough.  On March 23, 1942, at 2:24PM, the Italian
cruisers found the British, who turned away, under smoke.  The Italians
did likewise, hoping to draw the British onto "Littorio".  Not observing
a battleship, the British followed.  At 4:18PM, "Littorio" joined the
cruisers.

        By now, there was a 30 mph wind, high seas and mist, and the
British continued making smoke.  Admiral Iachino kept his forces between
the convoy and Malta, avoiding the smoke, but closing the range.  The
opposing destroyer forces exchanged attacks.  By 7:00PM, as darkness
closed in, the action concluded.  Iachino turned northwards, to home,
while the British forces turned east, back to Alexandria.  That night
the storm worsened and the Italians lost two destroyers which foundered
on the way home.  The convoy, escorted by two cruisers and six destroyers
headed back toward Malta.  Due to the Italian action, the convoy was still
at sea the next morning and suffered losses due to air attacks and only
limited tonnage reached the island.

        The Italians had performed well and suffered minimal losses and
those were to the weather, not the British.  Again British operations were
hindered by the lack of a carrier.  The engagement became known as the
Second Battle of Sirte.

        Meanwhile, in North Africa, after building up its supplies, the
Axis ground forces recommenced their offensive in May 1942 and by the
end of June, were within 100 kilometers of Alexandria and the Suez Canal.
These successes were directly related to the continued pressure on Malta.
In April and May, the British made great efforts to reinforce the island's
air defense, flying in Spitfires from carriers, including the U.S.S. "Wasp".
However, the Axis pressure continued.

        During June, 1942, the situation in the Mediterranean was favorable
for the Axis.  Rommel's forces stood at El Alamein, Malta was under attack
and neutralized as an offensive base, and the Italian Navy was seeing convoys
through successfully.  However, with the US in the war, the balance was
shifting and it was clear that little time remained for the Axis to resolve
the situation before American strength began to exert influence.

        When provisioned and supplied, Malta stood as a bastion from which
offensive strikes could be launched against Axis convoys.  The Italo-German
command recognized that the best solution for neutralizing the island was
to occupy it.  A joint air and amphibious operation involving German
paratroopers and Italian marines was planned, but at Rommel's urging,
it was temporarily postponed so he could continue his advance towards
Egypt with no diminution of supplies.

        Malta was in desperate need of supplies, by this time.  It was
planned to run convoys from both Alexandria and Gibraltar in June in the
hopes that the Axis would spread their resources too thinly to intercept
either effectively.  The convoy from Alexandria consisted of nine merchant
ships and a tanker, escorted by eight cruisers and twenty-two destroyers.
The convoy was spotted on June 13, shortly after sailing and was subjected
to several air attacks.  On the 14th, "Littorio", "Veneto", and six
destroyers in one group and four cruisers and four destroyers in a second
group sailed to intercept the convoy.  The Italians were spotted and the
convoy turned away and loitered while air attacks were made on the Italians
without success.  On the morning of June 15, the heavy cruiser "Trento"
was hit by a torpedo.  This convinced the British that the Italians had
been stopped and they turned again towards Malta.  High level bombing
attacks continued against the Italians and, at 8:16AM, "Littorio" took
a bomb hit from an American B-24 on her forward turret with no damage.
The British convoy was harassed by submarines and motor torpedo boats
and, when informed that the Italians were still coming on, turned back
to Alexandria.  Later that day, "Trento" sank after taking a second
torpedo hit and "Littorio" was hit by a torpedo around 11:30PM without
sustaining significant damage.

        The convoy from Gibraltar sailed on June 12 and included six
merchantmen with strong close escort and a covering force of a battleship,
two small carriers, and eight destroyers.  The Italians decided to counter
the convoy with light units from Sicily, supported by air attacks and a
cruiser division.   The cruisers attacked on June 15, near the island of
Pantelleria, with great tenacity and accuracy.  Only two freighters
survived the gauntlet of attacks to deliver their supplies to Malta.

        These convoy engagements, preventing large-scale resupply of
Malta, are known as the Battles of Mid-June.  They were clear Axis
victories, won in large part by the Italian Navy.

        During these engagements, on June 14, 1942, the latest Littorio
class battleship, "Roma", was handed over to the Navy and immediately
began crew training in the Adriatic.  The ship was identical to her
sisters except for a higher bow with greater sheer.  The fourth Littorio
class ship, "Impero", was still under construction and towed to Trieste
in order to avoid air attack while construction continued.  Construction,
however, was soon suspended and her only armament was a number of anti-
aircraft machine guns.
--
Joe Barone
m1b@rayssd.ssd.ray.com
Crap Game: Have you tried to make a deal?
  Big Joe: A deal?  What kind of deal?
Crap Game: A deal deal.  Maybe the guy's a Republican.

------------------------------

End of WWII-L Digest - 13 May 1993 to 14 May 1993
*************************************************

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Status: O

There are 3 messages totalling 110 lines in this issue.

Topics of the day:

  1. Weapons: Chenillette APC's
  2. The Lost Fleet of Guadalcanal - May 23rd on TBS
  3. Stolfi

----------------------------------------------------------------------

Date:    Sat, 15 May 1993 02:26:27 -0400
From:    Akira Takiguchi <akira@ATSON.ASAHI-NP.CO.JP>
Subject: Re: Weapons: Chenillette APC's

     Since Bill looks like lost in his library, I would like to take
over without permission 8-).

Tim wrote:
>What is a Chenillette weapon's carrier----It looks like a
>really big Goliath demolition remote controled tank---it is about the
>same size as a Bren Carrier.  It something the German's captured and
>pressed into service?  I've never heard of a Chenillette.

     Chenilette, which I believe is a direct translation for tankette
[one L, BTW], is better known as Renault "UE" infantry tractor.  After
the occupation of France, Wehrmacht gave the identification number
(Kenn-nummer) 630 (f) and used them in large number in various forms
(3.7cm SP gun, recce vehicle, SP rocket launcher, etc.).  Weight: 3.3t
(an old source says ca. 1.5t).  With a 2.1 liter 38 PS 4 cylinder engine,
it ran at 33.6 km/h maximum.

References:
_Beute-Kraftfahrzeuge und -Panzer der deutschen Wehrmacht_ Spielberger 1989
_German Army S.P.Weapons 1939-45 Part 2_ Chamberlain/Doyle 1971

>While eating my cereal for breakfast this morning, I notice on the side
>of a Tamiya Kubelwagen model kit box, it listed a tank model as the
>"Sharman".  I guess that mean's it's baby soft, or something.  (For you
>overseas---Charman is a type of toilet paper here in the U.S.).

     This reminded me of their kit of Hanomag Sd.Kfz.251 Ausf.C.  Somehow
kit box said "Ausf.G".  Good old days when people didn't care about these
small faults.  Modellers nowadays complains about 1 milimeter too long
gun barrel :-)
--
       Akira Takiguchi  at ATSON, Inc. (a subsidiary of the Asahi Shimbun)
                   WAKO GINZA bldg.  8-10-4 Ginza Chuo-ku Tokyo 104  Japan
   +81 3 3289 7051(voice) 7066(fax)  EMAIL TO <akira@atson.asahi-np.co.jp>

------------------------------

Date:    Sat, 15 May 1993 07:15:38 -0500
From:    Larry Jewell <jewell@MACE.CC.PURDUE.EDU>
Subject: The Lost Fleet of Guadalcanal - May 23rd on TBS

Repost from sci.military:


I attended the premiere screening of "The Lost Fleet of Guadalcanal"
last night at the Navy Museum (located at the Washington Navy Yard).

This 1 1/2 hour movie was produced by Dr. Robert Ballard with help
from the U.S. Navy, National Geographic and TBS.

The movie covers much more than just dives to the bottom of iron bottom sound
to look at ships.  Ballard invited along U.S., Allied and Japaneese sailors
and Marines to revist their ships and Guadalcanal.  This show is not
for the weak of stomach.  There is a great deal of actual footage, and
even more discussion by Guadalcanal participants about the "Island of Death"

Dr. Ballard located and identified 14 ships in the Sound (covering a
search area of 250 square miles - greater than the Titanic and Bismarks
searches combined) and using the U.S. Navy's Sea Cliff manned, and
the Scorpio unmanned, submersibles dove on 12 of the ships.


Turner Broadcasting will be showing this on their super stations starting
May 23rd at 9pm (EST).  This show is worth a fresh tape in the VCR.

Also,  the Navy Museum has been going through a several year long
upgrade.  If you haven't seen it in the last 9 months, you haven't been
to the Museum!

Larry
    ----------------------------------------------------------------------
        "the best individual defensive tactic is a hard and fast offensive,
regardless of the odds"                          Mjr. Will Dunham
Lawrence C. Schuette                      schuette@roadkill.nrl.navy.mil
Code 5585                                 (202)767-3040
Naval Research Laboratory                 (202)767-1122 (fax)
Washington D.C. 20375-5337




--
#L.W. Jewell Moderator at the Veterans Information Site (veteran@cc.purdue.edu)#
#& WWII-L Listowner: "Sunday's horoscope is note worthy because of its strange,#
#sudden and wholly unpredictable and inexplicable occurrences, affecting all   #
#phases of life." "Your Horoscope" L.A. Evening Herald Express, Sat, 12/06/41  #

------------------------------

Date:    Sat, 15 May 1993 19:10:29 EET
From:    "F.Baube[tm]" <flb@FLB.OPTIPLAN.FI>
Subject: Stolfi

Has there been a discussion on this list yet of
"Hitler's Panzers East: World War II Reinterpreted"
by RHS Stolfi ?

If not, anyone care to start one ?

--
* Fred Baube (tm)         * "Government had broken down. I found the
* baube@optiplan.fi       * experience invigorating." -- Maurice Grimaud,
* #include <disclaimer.h> * Paris prefect of police in May 1968

------------------------------

End of WWII-L Digest - 14 May 1993 to 15 May 1993
*************************************************

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Status: O

There are 12 messages totalling 405 lines in this issue.

Topics of the day:

  1. USAAF 16 MAY 43
  2. USAAF 17 MAY 43
  3. USAAF 14 MAY 43 (4)
  4. Airshows
  5. WEAP: Kradschuetzen (5)

----------------------------------------------------------------------

Date:    Mon, 17 May 1993 07:09:29 -0400
From:    jem3@CC.BELLCORE.COM
Subject: USAAF 16 MAY 43

COMBAT CHRONOLOGY OF THE US ARMY AIR FORCES
SUNDAY, 16 MAY 1943
FTP SITES
  1. ftp.rutgers.edu in directory pub/wwii/usaf
  2. byrd.mu.wvnet.edu (129.71.32.152) in pub/history/military/airforce/
     wwii_chronology

AIRCRAFT MENTIONED IN THIS REPORT:
  B-24, Consolidated Liberator
  B-25, North American Mitchell
  C-47, Douglas Skytrain
  P-38, Lockheed Lightning
  P-39, Bell Airacobra
  P-40, Curtiss
  Wellington, Vickers (RAF)

AMERICAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Eleventh Air Force)
  In the Aleutians, the air-ground liaison B-24 bombs Chichagof Harbor
with unobserved results. Another B-24 drops supplies to ground forces on
Attu. 8 B-24's, 12 B-25's, and 12 P-38's fly ground support missions to
Attu; because of weather, only the P-38's get through and strafe AA guns,
installations and barges, scoring several hits. The bombers are directed
to bomb Kiska. 2 P-40's fly reconnaissance mission over Kiska.

MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Ninth Air Force)
    P-40's escort shipping off the Mediterranean coast.

  WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Northwest African Air Force)
    In Sicily,  Northwest African Strategic Air Force (NASAF) Wellingtons
bomb Trapani during the night of 15/16 May.
    Northwest African Tactical Air Force (NATAF) and Northwest African
Coastal Air Force (NACAF) planes fly sea patrol, reconnaissance, and
convoy escort.
    The 51st Troop Carrier Squadron (C-47's), 62d Troop Carrier Group,
transfers from Nouvion, Algeria to Matemore, Algeria.
    HQ 350th Fighter Group transfers from Oran, Algeria to Maison Blanche,
Algeria. It's 345th Fighter Squadron (P-39's) transfers from La Senia,
Algeria to Maison Blanche, Algeria.

SOUTHWEST PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Fifth Air Force)
  In the Celebes, B-24's bomb the Kendari Airfield area.
  Single heavy bombers attack coastal or offshore targets in NE New Guinea,
New Britain, and New Ireland.
  HQ 8th Fighter Group transfers from Mareeba, Queensland, Australia to
Port Moresby, New Guinea.

SOURCES:
AIR FORCE COMBAT UNITS OF WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force History,
  Headquarters USAF, 1961, ISBN 0-912799-02-1
COMBAT SQUADRONS OF THE AIR FORCE, WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force
  History, Headquarters USAF 1982
THE ARMY AIR FORCES IN WORLD WAR II: COMBAT CHRONOLOGY, 1941-1945 by the
  Office of Air Force History, Headquarters USAF, 1973
THE MIGHTY EIGHTH WAR DIARY by Roger A. Freeman, ISBN 1-85409-071-2

Jack McKillop
USAF (Airways and Air Communications Service)
1955-59


----------------------------------------------------------------------
|  Jack McKillop      |  Those who have long enjoyed such privileges |
|  Bellcore           |  as we enjoy forget in time that men have    |
|  Piscataway, NJ     |  died to win them.     FDR                   |
|  USA                |  jem3@cc.bellcore.com                        |
----------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

Date:    Mon, 17 May 1993 07:56:02 -0400
From:    jem3@CC.BELLCORE.COM
Subject: USAAF 17 MAY 43

COMBAT CHRONOLOGY OF THE US ARMY AIR FORCES
MONDAY, 17 MAY 1943
FTP SITES
  1. ftp.rutgers.edu in directory pub/wwii/usaf
  2. byrd.mu.wvnet.edu (129.71.32.152) in pub/history/military/airforce/
     wwii_chronology

AIRCRAFT MENTIONED IN THIS REPORT:
  B-17, Boeing Flying Fortress
  B-24, Consolidated Liberator
  B-25, North American Mitchell
  B-26, Martin Marauder
  C-47, Douglas Skytrain
  P-38, Lockheed Lightning
  P-39, Bell Airacobra
  P-40, Curtiss
  Spitfire, Vickers Supermarine
  Wellington, Vickers (RAF)

AMERICAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Eleventh Air Force)
  In the Aleutians, 2 attempted ground support missions to Attu by a B-24,
5 B-25's, and 6 P-38's are recalled due to weather.
  The detachment of the 11th Fighter Squadron (P-40's), 343d Fighter Group
that has been operating from Amchitka returns to it's base at Adak.

EUROPEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Eighth Air Force)
  VIII Bomber Command Mission Number 58: 159 B-17's are dispatched to hit
the port area and U-boat base at Lorient, France; 118 bomb the target at
1213-1217 hours local; we claim 47-8-29 Luftwaffe aircraft; we lose 6 B-
17's, another is damaged beyond repair and 27 others are damaged;
casualties are 1 KIA, 8 WIA and 57 MIA. An additional 39 B-17's are
dispatched to hit the docks and sub pens at Bordeaux, France; 34 bomb at
1238-1244 hours local; we claim 0-1-0 Luftwaffe aircraft; we lose 1 B-17
and another is damaged; casualties are 2 WIA and 11 MIA. In a third
mission 11 B-26's of the 322d Bombardment Group (Medium) are dispatched on
a low-level mission to bomb power stations at Haarlem and Ijmuiden, The
Netherlands; 1 B-26 aborts, the other 10 are all shot down before they
reach the target; casualties are 58 MIA. This mission prompts the Eighth
Air Force to abandon low-level medium bomber attacks.

MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Northwest African Air Force)
    In Italy, Northwest African Strategic Air Force (NASAF) Wellingtons
bomb the Lido di Roma seaplane base and drop leaflets over Rome.
    The 8th Troop Carrier Squadron (C-47's), 62d Troop Carrier Group,
transfers from Nouvion, Algeria to Matemore, Algeria.
    The 309th Fighter Squadron Spitfires), 31st Fighter Group, transfers
with Spitfires from Le Sers, Tunisia to Korba, Tunisia.

SOUTH PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Thirteenth Air Force)
  In the Solomons, P-39's and Navy airplanes bomb and strafe a bivouac and
AA positions in the Rekata Bay area.

SOUTHWEST PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Fifth Air Force)
  In Timor,  B-25's bomb Dili, Penfoei, and Barique.
  In the Bismarck Archipelago, B-25's bomb Gasmata; single heavy bombers
hit Gasmata and Cape Gloucester.
  In New Guinea, single heavy bombers hit Lae and Finschhafen.

SOURCES:
AIR FORCE COMBAT UNITS OF WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force History,
  Headquarters USAF, 1961, ISBN 0-912799-02-1
COMBAT SQUADRONS OF THE AIR FORCE, WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force
  History, Headquarters USAF 1982
THE ARMY AIR FORCES IN WORLD WAR II: COMBAT CHRONOLOGY, 1941-1945 by the
  Office of Air Force History, Headquarters USAF, 1973
THE MIGHTY EIGHTH WAR DIARY by Roger A. Freeman, ISBN 1-85409-071-2

Jack McKillop
USAF (Airways and Air Communications Service)
1955-59


----------------------------------------------------------------------
|  Jack McKillop      |  Those who have long enjoyed such privileges |
|  Bellcore           |  as we enjoy forget in time that men have    |
|  Piscataway, NJ     |  died to win them.     FDR                   |
|  USA                |  jem3@cc.bellcore.com                        |
----------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

Date:    Mon, 17 May 1993 07:56:05 -0400
From:    jem3@CC.BELLCORE.COM
Subject: Re: USAAF 14 MAY 43


        What are snooper missions?
        --
        Joe Barone
        m1b@rayssd.ssd.ray.com
        I'm a first generation Italian.  They would shoot me as a traitor.


Snooper missions were one (or a few) aircraft overflying an island,
usually at night, to keep the troops awake.  They might even drop a
few bombs to shake them up.

Joe, you say you are first generation Italian.  Do you mean you are
first generation American of Italian descent or first generation
Italian of American descent?

------------------------------

Date:    Mon, 17 May 1993 07:57:31 -0400
From:    jem3@CC.BELLCORE.COM
Subject: Airshows

According to an article in the NY Times on Sunday, May 16, the US
Navy's aerobatic team, the Blue Angels, have cancelled their
demonstrations at NAS Corpus Christi, Texas; NAS Patuxent River,
Maryland; and the US Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland.

The commander of the Blue Angels, Commander Bob Stumpf, has been
reassigned due to the Tailhook scandal and his replacement, Captain
Greg Wooldridge, the previous commander of the Blue Angels, will need
some time to reacclimate himself.  Commander Stumpf commanded Strike
Fighter Squadron 83 at Cecil Field, Florida during the Las Vegas event.
According to the Times, the admiral who is overseeing the Tailhook
investigation order Commander Stumpf and five other officers reassigned
"to make the inquiry easier."  Navy officials "said the reassignment of
the six officers should not be construed in itself as adverse action."

------------------------------

Date:    Mon, 17 May 1993 10:16:52 -0400
From:    "Mr. Scott Hannon" <hannon@UMBC.EDU>
Subject: WEAP: Kradschuetzen

The book _Armored Fighting Vehicles of Germany WW2_ [editted by Duncan Crow]
made mention of a "Kradschuetzen" [ue is an umlauted u] battalion for the
10 SS Pz division. I'd appreciate it if someone could tell me what this is.

Scott.

------------------------------

Date:    Mon, 17 May 1993 11:40:23 EDT
From:    "AD16000@NEMOMUS.BITNET. --Scherrer,
         Tim A." <AD16%NEMOMUS.BITNET@MIZZOU1.MISSOURI.EDU>
Subject: WEAP: Kradschuetzen

I would think the Kradschutzen Battalion would be the one with 251
half-tracks, and the other battalion in the Panzergrenadier Regiment
would have trucks.  Krad means "chain", and is probably used to
differentiate between the truck and halftrack battalions of the division
Panzergrenadier Regiment.  I know in the 11th Panzer Regiment, we
reenact the 2nd Battalion (5th Company), because this would be the truck
mounted battalion, versus the first, which would have APC's--which (I'm
feeling optimistic) we don't have yet.

Now some SS Panzer Divisions were well enough equiped to have both PG
battalions with halftracks.  The 10th was probably one of the lower
esteemed divisions, and were equiped like a typical PD.  I don't know
this for sure.

Funny story---A friend of mine, which is a contract negotiator for
McDonnel-Douglas on the F-18 program, who knows nothing about WWII,
looked at a US halftrack and quiped, "Typical government contract--they
changed their mind during production and look what they got!" (referring
to it being a truck/tank hybrid.

Tim

************************************************************************
*  Tim A. Scherrer          "You'll be fighting WWII for the rest of   *
*  Facilities Supervisor     your life", Ron Scherrer, 1971            *
*  WP:816-785-5253                                                     *
*  HP:816-665-6704                                                     *
*  ID# AD16%NEMOMUS@ACADEMIC.NEMOSTATE.EDU                             *
************************************************************************

------------------------------

Date:    Mon, 17 May 1993 13:15:52 -0500
From:    Neal Smith <sasrns@UNX.SAS.COM>
Subject: Re: WEAP: Kradschuetzen

>
> I would think the Kradschutzen Battalion would be the one with 251
> half-tracks, and the other battalion in the Panzergrenadier Regiment
> would have trucks.  Krad means "chain", and is probably used to
> differentiate between the truck and halftrack battalions of the division
> Panzergrenadier Regiment.  I know in the 11th Panzer Regiment, we
> reenact the 2nd Battalion (5th Company), because this would be the truck
> mounted battalion, versus the first, which would have APC's--which (I'm
> feeling optimistic) we don't have yet.
>

  I believe the armored BNs were designated _gepanzert_.  You could
be correct though.  Have you tried looking up the entire word?  I'll
look tonight when I get home!

Later
Neal Smith

------------------------------

Date:    Mon, 17 May 1993 13:21:51 EDT
From:    "William B. Thacker" <wbt@CBEMF.ATT.COM>
Subject: Re: WEAP: Kradschuetzen

Tim Scherrer writes:

> I would think the Kradschutzen Battalion would be the one with 251
> half-tracks, and the other battalion in the Panzergrenadier Regiment
> would have trucks.

No, both would be Panzergrenadiere.  Those in halftracks are "gepanzert"
(armored), those in trucks are "motorisiert" (motorized).

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Bill Thacker             AT&T Network Systems       attmail!att!cbemf!wbt
Quality Engineer            Columbus, Ohio              wbt@cbemf.att.com

------------------------------

Date:    Mon, 17 May 1993 14:25:54 -0400
From:    "M. Joseph Barone" <m1b@RAYSSD.SSD.RAY.COM>
Subject: Re: USAAF 14 MAY 43

>> I'm a first generation Italian.  They would shoot me as a traitor.

> Joe, you say you are first generation Italian.  Do you mean you are
> first generation American of Italian descent or first generation
> Italian of American descent?

Actually, the line is from the movie, Kelly's Heroes.  It's one of my
favorite flicks and I try to include quotes from it whenever I can!
In the scene in question, an Italian-American is worried about being
captured by the Germans.  As it turns out, the first part is true as
applied to me:  I am a first generation American of Italian descent.
My father was in the Italian Army during the war (Signals Company of
an Engineers Battalion (unknown division) in the 10th Army in Naples).
My mother was in the Resistance in Northern Italy (Obligatory Women's
Auxillary Unit; i.e., against her will).

I recently received a phone call from an American Vet from WWII looking
for a Barone in his unit.  I told him that my father fought on the other
side and he lost interest in talking to me.  I was bummed since I wanted
to talk to him some more but he hung up before I could get any info from
him.  Oh, well.
--
Joe Barone
m1b@rayssd.ssd.ray.com
Hey, baby, this was a wasted trip.  Nobody
told us about locking horns with Tigers.

------------------------------

Date:    Mon, 17 May 1993 12:10:13 EDT
From:    "William B. Thacker" <wbt@CBEMF.ATT.COM>
Subject: Re: WEAP: Kradschuetzen

Scott Hannon writes:

> The book _Armored Fighting Vehicles of Germany WW2_ [editted by Duncan Crow]
> made mention of a "Kradschuetzen" [ue is an umlauted u] battalion for the
> 10 SS Pz division. I'd appreciate it if someone could tell me what this is.

Motorcycle infantry.  These were part of all the panzer and motorized
divisions (and, I believe, even the regular infantry divisions).  Their
role included reconnaissance, communications, and combat; they were so
mobile that they were usually in the vanguard of the advance and so were
often tasked with seizing bridges and other key features.

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Bill Thacker             AT&T Network Systems       attmail!att!cbemf!wbt
Quality Engineer            Columbus, Ohio              wbt@cbemf.att.com

------------------------------

Date:    Mon, 17 May 1993 15:51:01 -0400
From:    jem3@CC.BELLCORE.COM
Subject: Re: USAAF 14 MAY 43


        Actually, the line is from the movie, Kelly's Heroes.  It's one of my
        favorite flicks and I try to include quotes from it whenever I can!
        In the scene in question, an Italian-American is worried about being
        captured by the Germans.  As it turns out, the first part is true as
        applied to me:  I am a first generation American of Italian descent.
        My father was in the Italian Army during the war (Signals Company of
        an Engineers Battalion (unknown division) in the 10th Army in Naples).
        My mother was in the Resistance in Northern Italy (Obligatory Women's
        Auxillary Unit; i.e., against her will).

        --
        Joe Barone
        m1b@rayssd.ssd.ray.com

Just curious since I am first generation American myself.  Both of
my parents came from Ireland.  Not sure whether my father was
"officially" in the IRA but I learned from my aunts over there that
he used to "work" with them.  He never said a word.

------------------------------

Date:    Mon, 17 May 1993 15:47:20 -0400
From:    Steven VEST <vest@NOVAVAX.NOVA.EDU>
Subject: Re: USAAF 14 MAY 43

========================== vest@novavax.nova.edu =============================
= Steven Vest: Electronic Reference Librarian: Nova University, Ft. Ldl, FL  =


On Mon, 17 May 1993, M. Joseph Barone wrote:

A bit about Italians and Kelly's Heroes deleted.

> Joe Barone
> m1b@rayssd.ssd.ray.com
> Hey, baby, this was a wasted trip.  Nobody
> told us about locking horns with Tigers.

"Always with the negative waves Moriarity.  Always with the negative waves!"

I couldn't resist.

Woof woof baby.

Now back to some serious discussions.

------------------------------

End of WWII-L Digest - 15 May 1993 to 17 May 1993
*************************************************

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There are 22 messages totalling 583 lines in this issue.

Topics of the day:

  1. WEAP: Kradschuetzen (17)
  2. Economic/Resource Maps ?
  3. USAAF 18 MAY 43
  4. "The Thing" aka Kubelwagen
  5. REF: Resource Maps
  6. New Books

----------------------------------------------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 18 May 1993 08:32:19 MET-1
From:    "Hr. Johannes KREMSNER" <KREMSNER@KHSA.KHS-LINZ.AC.AT>
Subject: Re: WEAP: Kradschuetzen

> would have trucks.  Krad means "chain", and is probably used to

Krad stands for Kraftrad and means actualy motorcycle.

servus, Johannes


+----------------------------------------------------------------+
 University of Art         e-Mail:Kremsner@khsa.khs-linz.ac.at
 and industrial Design
 Mr. Johannes Kremsner
 Networkadministrator
 Hauptplatz 8
 A-4020 LINZ/AUSTRIA
 EUROPA
+----------------------------------------------------------------+

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 18 May 1993 17:45:57 +1000
From:    Mick Fauchon <ULMJF@CC.NEWCASTLE.EDU.AU>
Subject: Re: WEAP: Kradschuetzen


        "Kradschu"tzen" are motor-cycle infantry : "Krad" = Kraftrad =
motor-cycle ; "Schu"tzen" are riflemen.
                                        Hope this helps,

                                        Mick Fauchon,

                                        University of Newcastle.

                                        (Australia)

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 18 May 1993 12:55:43 EET
From:    "F.Baube[tm]" <flb@FLB.OPTIPLAN.FI>
Subject: Economic/Resource Maps ?

Has anyone ever seen a map of WW2-era Europe that
shows the resources available and their locations ?
I'm thinking of food, coal, ore, oil, and so on.

--
* Fred Baube (tm)    * "Government had broken down.
* baube@optiplan.fi  *  I found the experience invigorating."
* 60 28' N  22 18' E *  -- Maurice Grimaud, Paris prefect of
* #include <disclaimer.h>                 police in May 1968

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 18 May 1993 08:00:16 -0400
From:    jem3@CC.BELLCORE.COM
Subject: USAAF 18 MAY 43

COMBAT CHRONOLOGY OF THE US ARMY AIR FORCES
TUESDAY, 18 MAY 1943
FTP SITES
  1. ftp.rutgers.edu in directory pub/wwii/usaf
  2. byrd.mu.wvnet.edu (129.71.32.152) in pub/history/military/airforce/
     wwii_chronology

AIRCRAFT MENTIONED IN THIS REPORT:
  B-17, Boeing Flying Fortress
  B-24, Consolidated Liberator
  B-25, North American Mitchell
  B-26, Martin Marauder
  C-47, Douglas Skytrain
  P-38, Lockheed Lightning
  P-40, Curtiss
  Wellington, Vickers (RAF)

AMERICAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Eleventh Air Force)
  In the Aleutians, 6 B-24's, weathered out of Attu, bomb the Gertrude
Cove area on Kiska Island leaving large fires. 4 P-40's reconnoiter Kiska
and strafe barges. 1 B-25 flies photo reconnaissance over Kiska.

EUROPEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Eighth Air Force)
  The Combined Bomber Offensive (CBO) plan for the round-the-clock bombing
of the enemy from the UK by the RAF and Eighth Air Force is approve by the
Combined Chiefs of Staff (CCS). The Eighth Air Force now has authorization
to proceed with daylight strategic bombing within the type of combined
offensive it has long wished to initiate. The CBO plan lists the
destruction of German fighters as the immediate priority objective.
Primary objectives in order are German submarine yards and bases, the
German aircraft industry, ball bearings, and oil (the last being
contingent upon attacks from the Mediterranean against Ploesti, Rumania).
Secondary objectives in order of priority are synthetic rubber and tires,
and military motor transport vehicles.

MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Northwest African Air Force)
    In Sardinia during the night of l7/l8 May, Wellingtons bomb the
Alghero-Sassari area.
    In the Mediterranean during the day, the Northwest African Air Force
(NAAF) begins a strong air offensive against Pantelleria Island in
conjunction with a naval blockade. Over 80 B-25's and B-26's, escorted by
P-38's, blast the island, hitting Porto di Pantelleria and Marghana
Airfield.
    In Sicily, B-17's, with fighter escort, bomb Trapani.
    The 4th Troop Carrier Squadron, 62d Troop Carrier Group, transfers
with C-47's from Nouvion, Algeria to Matemore, Algeria.

SOUTHWEST PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Fifth Air Force)
  In the Bismarck Archipelago, heavy bombers, operating individually, hit
Gasmata and Rabaul Airfields twice and Cape Gloucester, and Arawe; in
addition to Lorengau in the Admiralty Islands once.

SOURCES:
AIR FORCE COMBAT UNITS OF WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force History,
  Headquarters USAF, 1961, ISBN 0-912799-02-1
COMBAT SQUADRONS OF THE AIR FORCE, WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force
  History, Headquarters USAF 1982
THE ARMY AIR FORCES IN WORLD WAR II: COMBAT CHRONOLOGY, 1941-1945 by the
  Office of Air Force History, Headquarters USAF, 1973
THE MIGHTY EIGHTH WAR DIARY by Roger A. Freeman, ISBN 1-85409-071-2

Jack McKillop
USAF (Airways and Air Communications Service)
1955-59


----------------------------------------------------------------------
|  Jack McKillop      |  Those who have long enjoyed such privileges |
|  Bellcore           |  as we enjoy forget in time that men have    |
|  Piscataway, NJ     |  died to win them.     FDR                   |
|  USA                |  jem3@cc.bellcore.com                        |
----------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 18 May 1993 06:08:58 EDT
From:    Lowe Barrett MAJ <hb9388@USMA6.USMA.EDU>
Subject: Re: WEAP: Kradschuetzen

>The book _Armored Fighting Vehicles of Germany WW2_ [editted by Duncan Crow]
>made mention of a "Kradschuetzen" [ue is an umlauted u] battalion for the
>10 SS Pz division. I'd appreciate it if someone could tell me what this is.
>
>Scott.
>

Scott,

In German motorized units in WWII (panzer, panzer-grenadier, etc.) the
Kradschutzen Battalion was a battalion of infantry predominantly mounted
on motorcycles (many with sidecars) and Kubelwagen light utility vehicles
(similar to our Jeep).

Barry

Barrett F. Lowe                    RANGERS LEAD THE WAY!
MAJ, IN
Dept of Physics, US Military Academy, West Point, NY 10996

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 18 May 1993 08:46:00 EDT
From:    "W.C. \"Rusty\" DIVENS" <ERCOUPE@VMS.CIS.PITT.EDU>
Subject: Re: WEAP: Kradschuetzen

Wasn't the 'Kubelwagen' the vehicle that VW marketed as "THE THING"
a few years back?

Bill
N93774@PITTVMS

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 18 May 1993 08:20:21 EST
From:    Larry Jewell <jewell@MACE.CC.PURDUE.EDU>
Subject: Re: WEAP: Kradschuetzen

>
> In German motorized units in WWII (panzer, panzer-grenadier, etc.) the
> Kradschutzen Battalion was a battalion of infantry predominantly mounted
> on motorcycles (many with sidecars) and Kubelwagen light utility vehicles
> (similar to our Jeep).

  Were there many "Kittenrad" (sp?, the "half-track motorcycles") in these
units?  I really love the concept of THAT hybrid :-)>.

  Anyone know if there are any still running?

> Barry
>
> Barrett F. Lowe                    RANGERS LEAD THE WAY!
> MAJ, IN
> Dept of Physics, US Military Academy, West Point, NY 10996
>

Larry J

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 18 May 1993 09:37:43 -0400
From:    Akira Takiguchi <akira@ATSON.ASAHI-NP.CO.JP>
Subject: Re: WEAP: Kradschuetzen

Scott wrote:
>The book _Armored Fighting Vehicles of Germany WW2_ [editted by Duncan Crow]
>made mention of a "Kradschuetzen" [ue is an umlauted u] battalion for the
>10 SS Pz division. I'd appreciate it if someone could tell me what this is.

     Bill and others have already described what a Kradschuetzen
Bataillon was like.  Here's a couple of tables from actual formation.

2. Panzer Division  18 July 1940
Kradschuetzen Bataillon
  1.-3. Kradschuetzen Kompanie (K.St.N. 1112 25-May-40)
  4. Kradschuetzen-M.G. Kompanie (K.St.N. 1118 1-Oct-38)
  5. schwere Kompanie (K.St.N. 1121,1122,1123,1124 1-Oct-37)
[from _Verbaende und Truppen ..._ Band 15  Tessin 1988]

     Tim, could you please tell me what kind of vehicles each company
was equipped with?  (you have Leo Niehorster's _German World War II
Organizational Series_, don't you)

Infanterie Division (mot) Grossdeutschland  1942
Kradschuetzen Bataillon
  1. Schwadron (heavy armored cars)
  2. Schwadron (light armored personnel carriers)
  3. Schwadron (Kuebelwagens)
  4. Schwadron (sMG on Kuebelwagens)
  5. Schwadron (towed guns)
[from _Panzer Grenadier Division Grossdeutchland_  Scheibert 1977]

     After the tide has changed to the Allies, Kradschuetzen Bataillon
disappeared as it is not appropriate for defensive tasks.
--
       Akira Takiguchi  at ATSON, Inc. (a subsidiary of the Asahi Shimbun)
                   WAKO GINZA bldg.  8-10-4 Ginza Chuo-ku Tokyo 104  Japan
   +81 3 3289 7051(voice) 7066(fax)  EMAIL TO <akira@atson.asahi-np.co.jp>

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 18 May 1993 11:00:34 EDT
From:    Lowe Barrett MAJ <hb9388@USMA6.USMA.EDU>
Subject: Re: WEAP: Kradschuetzen

>Wasn't the 'Kubelwagen' the vehicle that VW marketed as "THE THING"
>a few years back?
>
>Bill
>N93774@PITTVMS
>

Bill,

You are 100% correct!  And a lot of Bundeswehr units still use a more modern
version of this vehicle, even though some newer types are out.

Barry

Barrett F. Lowe                    RANGERS LEAD THE WAY!
MAJ, IN
Dept of Physics, US Military Academy, West Point, NY 10996

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 18 May 1993 11:02:26 EDT
From:    Lowe Barrett MAJ <hb9388@USMA6.USMA.EDU>
Subject: Re: WEAP: Kradschuetzen

Larry J:

The museum at West Point has a Kettenkrad (actually short for
Kettenkraftfahrrad) and I'm pretty sure the Ordnance Museum at Aberdeen Proving
Grounds (in Maryland) has one too.

Barry

Barrett F. Lowe                    RANGERS LEAD THE WAY!
MAJ, IN
Dept of Physics, US Military Academy, West Point, NY 10996

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 18 May 1993 10:33:22 EST
From:    Larry Jewell <jewell@MACE.CC.PURDUE.EDU>
Subject: Re: WEAP: Kradschuetzen

>
>Larry J:
>
>The museum at West Point has a Kettenkrad (actually short for
>Kettenkraftfahrrad) and I'm pretty sure the Ordnance Museum at Aberdeen Proving
>Grounds (in Maryland) has one too.

  Can you getting a listing of the holdings at the Academy museum, and/or
Aberdeen?  I'd like to put them at BYRD for general access.  I've been to
Aberdeen once, and am planning to go back in Nov. for a short visit.

> Barry
>
> Barrett F. Lowe                    RANGERS LEAD THE WAY!
> MAJ, IN
> Dept of Physics, US Military Academy, West Point, NY 10996
>
Larry J

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 18 May 1993 12:08:10 -0500
From:    Neal Smith <sasrns@UNX.SAS.COM>
Subject: "The Thing" aka Kubelwagen

>
> Wasn't the 'Kubelwagen' the vehicle that VW marketed as "THE THING"
> a few years back?
>
> Bill
> N93774@PITTVMS
>

  Basically, yes.  I think the Kubelwagen was a little larger, but
I could definitely be wrong on this!  8-)



Later
Neal

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 18 May 1993 19:17:09 EET
From:    "F.Baube[tm]" <flb@FLB.OPTIPLAN.FI>
Subject: Re: WEAP: Kradschuetzen

>   Were there many "Kittenrad" (sp?, the "half-track motorcycles") in these
> units?  I really love the concept of THAT hybrid :-)>.
>
>   Anyone know if there are any still running?
>
> Larry J

couldn't tell you, but a few years ago "Easyriders"
magazine (hog heaven) featured one, it was a pretty
excellent-looking piece of machinery.


--
* Fred Baube (tm)    * "Government had broken down.
* baube@optiplan.fi  *  I found the experience invigorating."
* 60 28' N  22 18' E *  -- Maurice Grimaud, Paris prefect of
* #include <disclaimer.h>                 police in May 1968

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 18 May 1993 12:26:17 EDT
From:    Robert E George <regeorge@MAGNUS.ACS.OHIO-STATE.EDU>
Subject: REF: Resource Maps

There is a large book with  a title something like "Times
Illustrated Atlas of the 2nd World War." Therein are resource maps
for Europe, East Asia, and the Soviet Union.


Email me if you want the exact title, and I will get back to you in
a few days.


Rob George

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 18 May 1993 12:48:52 EDT
From:    Lowe Barrett MAJ <hb9388@USMA6.USMA.EDU>
Subject: Re: WEAP: Kradschuetzen

>>
>>Larry J:
>>
>>The museum at West Point has a Kettenkrad (actually short for
>>Kettenkraftfahrrad) and I'm pretty sure the Ordnance Museum at Aberdeen Provi
ng
>>Grounds (in Maryland) has one too.
>
>  Can you getting a listing of the holdings at the Academy museum, and/or
>Aberdeen?  I'd like to put them at BYRD for general access.  I've been to
>Aberdeen once, and am planning to go back in Nov. for a short visit.
>
>> Barry
>>
>> Barrett F. Lowe                    RANGERS LEAD THE WAY!
>> MAJ, IN
>> Dept of Physics, US Military Academy, West Point, NY 10996
>>
>Larry J
>

Larry J-

I'll ask the curator if they have one.  Give me a few days.  We give our final
exam on Thursday and then will have to spend the next 3 days grading it so
grades will be complete by Monday.

Barry

Barrett F. Lowe                    RANGERS LEAD THE WAY!
MAJ, IN
Dept of Physics, US Military Academy, West Point, NY 10996

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 18 May 1993 10:29:57 EDT
From:    "AD16000@NEMOMUS.BITNET. --Scherrer,
         Tim A." <AD16%NEMOMUS.BITNET@MIZZOU1.MISSOURI.EDU>
Subject: Re: WEAP: Kradschuetzen

Sorry 'bout that--I shot from the hip---Ketten means chains---I was
thinking about the wrong half of "kettenkrad".

Humbled and corrected, Tim

************************************************************************
*  Tim A. Scherrer          "You'll be fighting WWII for the rest of   *
*  Facilities Supervisor     your life", Ron Scherrer, 1971            *
*  WP:816-785-5253                                                     *
*  HP:816-665-6704                                                     *
*  ID# AD16%NEMOMUS@ACADEMIC.NEMOSTATE.EDU                             *
************************************************************************

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 18 May 1993 10:33:20 EDT
From:    "AD16000@NEMOMUS.BITNET. --Scherrer,
         Tim A." <AD16%NEMOMUS.BITNET@MIZZOU1.MISSOURI.EDU>
Subject: Re: WEAP: Kradschuetzen

VW Things are much larger than Kubelwagens.  I've seen them parked side
by side, and Kubels are much smaller.  A Kubel is the size of a VW Kafer
or Beetle.  I used to own a Beetle, and used to drive it to
reenactments.  Once I pulled up outside a German campsite at night, and
everybody had gotten outside of their tents to see the Kubel, when it
was just my green Beetle.

Tim

************************************************************************
*  Tim A. Scherrer          "You'll be fighting WWII for the rest of   *
*  Facilities Supervisor     your life", Ron Scherrer, 1971            *
*  WP:816-785-5253                                                     *
*  HP:816-665-6704                                                     *
*  ID# AD16%NEMOMUS@ACADEMIC.NEMOSTATE.EDU                             *
************************************************************************

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 18 May 1993 10:38:22 EDT
From:    "AD16000@NEMOMUS.BITNET. --Scherrer,
         Tim A." <AD16%NEMOMUS.BITNET@MIZZOU1.MISSOURI.EDU>
Subject: Re: WEAP: Kradschuetzen

A friend of mine used to own a Kettenkrad---there are more of them out
there than you would think.  There was a post-war production of them
that are fairly close to the WWII models.  They are neat, and are good
small tractors--as for anything else, they're pretty useless.  The guy
who owned one had to replace all the bearings at $200 a road wheel, or
something similarly expensive.  He never could afford to buy the
bearings.  The next owner found some synthetic ball bearing, and had it
up and running in a very short time.  I think the going rate for a
Kettenkrad is around $10,000 in the states, although I haven't seen any
for sale recently.

Tim

************************************************************************
*  Tim A. Scherrer          "You'll be fighting WWII for the rest of   *
*  Facilities Supervisor     your life", Ron Scherrer, 1971            *
*  WP:816-785-5253                                                     *
*  HP:816-665-6704                                                     *
*  ID# AD16%NEMOMUS@ACADEMIC.NEMOSTATE.EDU                             *
************************************************************************

------------------------------

Date:    Mon, 17 May 1993 13:49:42 -0700
From:    anita cohen-williams <IACAGC@ASUVM.INRE.ASU.EDU>
Subject: New Books

    The following three books have just have appeared at our library.
       Carroll, John M., and Colin F. Baxter (editors). THE AMERICAN MILITARY
TRADITION: FROM COLONIAL TIMES TO THE PRESENT. Wilmington, DE: Scholarly
Resources Inc. (SRI Books),1993.
       Oye, Kenneth A., Lieber, Robert J., and Donald Rothchild (editors).
EAGLE IN A NEW WORLD: AMERICAN GRAND STRATEGY IN THE POST-COLD WAR ERA. New
York: HarperCollins, 1992. (paperback)
       Spyropoulos, Evangelos. THE GREEK MILITARY (1909-1941) AND THE GREEK
MUTINIES IN THE MIDDLE EAST (1941-1944). East European Monographs, no. CCLX,
Boulder. Distributed by Columbia University Press, New York, 1993.
     More to follow.....

Anita Cohen-Williams; Reference Services; Hayden Library
Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ  85287-1006
PHONE: (602) 965-4576              FAX: (602) 965-9169
BITNET: IACAGC@ASUACAD       INTERNET: IACAGC@ASUVM.INRE.EDU

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 18 May 1993 16:41:58 EDT
From:    "AD16000@NEMOMUS.BITNET. --Scherrer,
         Tim A." <AD16%NEMOMUS.BITNET@MIZZOU1.MISSOURI.EDU>
Subject: Re: WEAP: Kradschuetzen

I accidently deleted the post that listed the unit in question so I can
look them up in my German Organizational Series.  I need to know the
year as well.  The later war books haven't been offered for sale by any
of the vendors I get catalouges from.  Could somebody please mail the
post to me so I can look it up.

Thanks----Tim

************************************************************************
*  Tim A. Scherrer          "You'll be fighting WWII for the rest of   *
*  Facilities Supervisor     your life", Ron Scherrer, 1971            *
*  WP:816-785-5253                                                     *
*  HP:816-665-6704                                                     *
*  ID# AD16%NEMOMUS@ACADEMIC.NEMOSTATE.EDU                             *
************************************************************************

------------------------------

Date:    Wed, 19 May 1993 10:15:32 +1000
From:    Mick Fauchon <ULMJF@CC.NEWCASTLE.EDU.AU>
Subject: Re: WEAP: Kradschuetzen

        Bill,

                The "Thing" to which you refer was in fact marketed by
Volkswagen (even here in Australia) to cater to the then infant cross-
country vehicle (now 4X4) market --- it was called the "Gela"ndewagen",
and like all VWs, was only two-wheel drive. Both the Ku"bel- and the
Schwimmwagen were based on the same chassis, though the body panels
were shaped differently on the Thing, and I suspect it had a slightly
longer wheelbase. Compare photographs, and you will see the differences.
There are also minor differences in details and layout.
        The Bundeswehr has a similar vehicle now, which looks much more
similar to the Ku"belwagen.
        BTW, "Ku"bel" refers to the configuration of the seats --- they were
buckets in the front, as opposed to the more normal bench arrangement.
        You will still see the occasional "live" Ku"bel around, but it
and the Thing, while sharing the same concept, are emphatically not the
same vehicle.

                                                        Regards,

                                                        Mick.
                                                        ULMJF@Newcastle.ed.au

------------------------------

Date:    Wed, 19 May 1993 10:29:03 +1000
From:    Mick Fauchon <ULMJF@CC.NEWCASTLE.EDU.AU>
Subject: Re: WEAP: Kradschuetzen

        Barry,

                The short answer is a qualified "yes" : technically,
the Kettenkrad (Ketten = Tracks, Krad = Kraftrad = Motor-cyle) was
suppposed to eventually replace the motor-cycle/side-car combinations,
but in practice this never happened. There was a "Kleines Kettenkrad",
and a "Grosses Kettenkrad", which was, obviously, larger and more
powerful.
        To avoid any misconceptions at this stage : the terms "Krad"
and "Kettenkrad" are NOT synonymous.
        And yes, there are some still "live", though the only one that
springs readily to (my) mind is at the Wehrgeschichtliches Museum in
Rastatt.

                                                Regards,

                                                Mick.
                                                ULMJF@newcastle.edu.au

------------------------------

End of WWII-L Digest - 17 May 1993 to 18 May 1993
*************************************************

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Status: O

There is one message totalling 94 lines in this issue.

Topics of the day:

  1. USAAF 19 MAY 43

----------------------------------------------------------------------

Date:    Wed, 19 May 1993 07:42:26 -0400
From:    jem3@CC.BELLCORE.COM
Subject: USAAF 19 MAY 43

COMBAT CHRONOLOGY OF THE US ARMY AIR FORCES
WEDNESDAY, 19 MAY 1943
FTP SITES
  1. ftp.rutgers.edu in directory pub/wwii/usaf
  2. byrd.mu.wvnet.edu (129.71.32.152) in pub/history/military/airforce/
     wwii_chronology

AIRCRAFT MENTIONED IN THIS REPORT:
  A-20, Douglas Havoc
  B-17, Boeing Flying Fortress
  B-24, Consolidated Liberator
  B-25, North American Mitchell
  B-26, Martin Marauder
  C-47, Douglas Skytrain
  P-38, Lockheed Lightning
  P-40, Curtiss

AMERICAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Eleventh Air Force)
  In the Aleutians, 6 B-24's and 11 B-25's fly 3 air-ground support
missions to Attu Island, bombing the Sarana Valley. 4 P-40's fly 2
reconnaissance missions to Kiska Island.

CHINA-BURMA-INDIA THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  CHINA (Fourteenth Air Force)
    HQ 402d Bombardment Group (Medium) is activated at Kunming, China. No
squadrons are assigned and headquarters is never fully manned.

EUROPEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Eighth Air Force)
  VIII Bomber Command Mission Number 59: 123 B-17's are dispatched against
the U-boat yards at Kiel, Germany; 103 bomb the target at 1329-1333 hours
local; we claim 48-7-21 Luftwaffe aircraft; we lose 6 B-17's and 28 others
are damaged; casualties are 1 KIA, 7 WIA and 60 MIA. A smaller force, 64
B-17's, is dispatched against the naval yards at Flensburg, Germany; 55
attack the target at 1325-1328 hours local; we claim 12-4-14 Luftwaffe
aircraft; 9 B-17's are damaged; casualties are 2 KIA and 4 WIA. An
uneventful diversion is flown by 24 B-17's.

MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Ninth Air Force)
    In Tunisia after 2 days of sand storms, aircraft are again airborne.
P-40's fly escort for ships in area E of Kelibia off Cap Bon peninsula.

  WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Northwest African Air Force)
    In Sardinia, B-25's hit Milis and Villacidro Airfields while B-26's
bomb Monserrato and Elmas Airfields, the outskirts of Quarto Sant'Elena,
and Cagliari harbor.
    In Sicily, B-17's bomb Milo Airfield at Trapani.
    The 7th Troop Carrier Squadron, 62d Troop Carrier Group which has been
operating from bases in Egypt and Palestine with C-47's, returns to
Nouvion, Algeria.
    The 154th Observation Squadron, 68th Observation Group, transfers with
A-20's and P-38's from Le Sers, Tunisia to Korba, Tunisia.
    The 317th Fighter Squadron, 325th Fighter Group, transfers with P-40's
from Tafaraoui, Algeria to Montesquieu, Algeria and flies it's first
combat mission.

SOUTH PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Thirteenth Air Force)

SOUTHWEST PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Fifth Air Force)
  In the Bismarck Archipelago, B-24's hit the airfield at Gasmata. Single
heavy bombers hit Gasmata twice during the day.
  In New Guinea, B-25's attack the Salamaua area and targets of opportunity
off the NE coast of the Huon Peninsula.
  In Timor, B-24's hit Penfoei.

SOURCES:
AIR FORCE COMBAT UNITS OF WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force History,
  Headquarters USAF, 1961, ISBN 0-912799-02-1
COMBAT SQUADRONS OF THE AIR FORCE, WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force
  History, Headquarters USAF 1982
THE ARMY AIR FORCES IN WORLD WAR II: COMBAT CHRONOLOGY, 1941-1945 by the
  Office of Air Force History, Headquarters USAF, 1973
THE MIGHTY EIGHTH WAR DIARY by Roger A. Freeman, ISBN 1-85409-071-2

Jack McKillop
USAF (Airways and Air Communications Service)
1955-59


----------------------------------------------------------------------
|  Jack McKillop      |  Those who have long enjoyed such privileges |
|  Bellcore           |  as we enjoy forget in time that men have    |
|  Piscataway, NJ     |  died to win them.     FDR                   |
|  USA                |  jem3@cc.bellcore.com                        |
----------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

End of WWII-L Digest - 18 May 1993 to 19 May 1993
*************************************************

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Status: O

There are 10 messages totalling 510 lines in this issue.

Topics of the day:

  1. USAAF 20 MAY 43
  2. USN 22 MAY 43
  3. Kradshuetzen Bataillon part 1 (3)
  4. Detailed engine installation (fwd) (2)
  5. TECH: Dog soldiers
  6. INF: Miss Mitchell shows
  7. Kradshuetzen Bataillon part 2

----------------------------------------------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 20 May 1993 07:14:32 -0400
From:    jem3@CC.BELLCORE.COM
Subject: USAAF 20 MAY 43

COMBAT CHRONOLOGY OF THE US ARMY AIR FORCES
THURSDAY, 20 MAY 1943
FTP SITES
  1. ftp.rutgers.edu in directory pub/wwii/usaf
  2. byrd.mu.wvnet.edu (129.71.32.152) in pub/history/military/airforce/
     wwii_chronology

AIRCRAFT MENTIONED IN THIS REPORT:
  A-20, Douglas Havoc
  B-17, Boeing Flying Fortress
  B-24, Consolidated Liberator
  B-25, North American Mitchell
  C-47, Douglas Skytrain
  P-38, Lockheed Lightning
  P-40, Curtiss
  Spitfire, Vickers Supermarine
  Wellington, Vickers (RAF)

AMERICAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Eleventh Air Force)
  In the Aleutians, all air-ground support missions to Attu are cancelled
due to weather. 20 P-40's bomb the Main Camp and submarine area at Kiska,
and strafe barges in the harbor. The remaining Japanese on Attu are
concentrated in the Chichagof Harbor area.

CHINA-BURMA-INDIA THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  BURMA-INDIA (Tenth Air Force)
    The 490th Bombardment Squadron (Medium), 341st Bombardment Squadron
(Medium) based at Ondal, India begins operating from Chakulia, India with
B-25's.

EUROPEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Eighth Air Force)
  The 524th, 525th, 526th and 527th Bombardment Squadrons (Heavy), 379th
Bombardment Group (Heavy) arrive at Kimbolton, England from the US with
B-17F's. They will fly their first mission on 29 May 43.

MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Ninth Air Force)
    In the Mediterranean, P-40's escort ships and fly sea patrol off Cap
Bon and in the Kelibia area.

  WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Northwest African Air Force)
    In Sardinia during the night of l9/2O May, Northwest African Strategic
Air Force (NASAF) Wellingtons bomb Villacidro and Decimomannu Airfields.
During the day, P-38's bomb Milis Airfield and targets of opportunity at
Bonorva while B-25's bomb Villacidro, Alghero, and Decimomannu Airfields
    In Italy, P-38's bomb the docks on the Gulf of Aranci, a railroad
bridge NE of Perfugas, the Macomer rail junction, and targets of
opportunity at Sassari, Bonnanaro, and Chilivani while B-17's strike
Grosseto Airfield.
    In the Mediterranean, P-38's and P-40's strafe and bomb Pantelleria
Island.
    HQ 33d Fighter Group and it's 59th Fighter Squadron transfer with
P-40's from Ebba Ksour, Tunisia to Menzel Temime, Tunisia.
    The 2d, 4th and 5th Fighter Squadrons, 52d Fighter Group transfer with
Spitfires from Le Sers, Tunisia to La Sebala, Tunisia.
    The 12th Troop Carrier Squadron, 60th Troop Carrier Group transfers
with C-47's from Tafaraoui, Algeria to Relizane, Algeria.
    The 308th Fighter Squadron, 31st Fighter Group transfers with
Spitfires from Le Sers, Tunisia to Korba, Tunisia.

SOUTH PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Thirteenth Air Force)
  In the Solomons during the night of 20/21 May, heavy bombers on snooper
missions bomb he Kahili area and Ballale Island.

SOUTHWEST PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Fifth Air Force)
  In the Bismarck Archipelago, the airfield and surrounding areas on
Gasmata Island are hit by A-20's during the night of 20/21 May and by
B-17's during the day. B-17's and B-24's bomb Vunakanau Airfield.
  In New Guinea, B-25's sink several barges offshore between Madang and
Cape Cretin.
  HQ 3d Bombardment Group (Dive) transfers from Port Moresby, New Guinea
to Dobodura, New Guinea.  The group and it's 4 squadrons will be
redesignated Bombardment Group/Squadron (Light) on 25 May to reflect their
true aircraft.

SOURCES:
AIR FORCE COMBAT UNITS OF WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force History,
  Headquarters USAF, 1961, ISBN 0-912799-02-1
COMBAT SQUADRONS OF THE AIR FORCE, WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force
  History, Headquarters USAF 1982
THE ARMY AIR FORCES IN WORLD WAR II: COMBAT CHRONOLOGY, 1941-1945 by the
  Office of Air Force History, Headquarters USAF, 1973
THE MIGHTY EIGHTH WAR DIARY by Roger A. Freeman, ISBN 1-85409-071-2

Jack McKillop
USAF (Airways and Air Communications Service)
1955-59


----------------------------------------------------------------------
|  Jack McKillop      |  Those who have long enjoyed such privileges |
|  Bellcore           |  as we enjoy forget in time that men have    |
|  Piscataway, NJ     |  died to win them.     FDR                   |
|  USA                |  jem3@cc.bellcore.com                        |
----------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 20 May 1993 07:36:05 -0400
From:    jem3@CC.BELLCORE.COM
Subject: USN 22 MAY 43

NAVY NEWS SERVICE - 19 MAY 93 - NAVNEWS 038/93
NNS390.  This Week in the Navy:  May 22, 1943
                               -USN-
NNS390.  This Week in the Navy:
May 22, 1943 -- The Grumman Avengers of VC-9, based on USS Bogue,
attacked and sank the submarine U-569 in the middle north Atlantic,
scoring the first sinking of the war by escort carriers on hunter-
killer patrol.

------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 20 May 1993 08:00:42 EDT
From:    "AD16000@NEMOMUS.BITNET. --Scherrer,
         Tim A." <AD16%NEMOMUS.BITNET@MIZZOU1.MISSOURI.EDU>
Subject: Kradshuetzen Bataillon part 1

OK, this is what I could find in the German Organizational Series.  This
was the first time I ever really used these books--they are a wealth of
information, but rather confuding to use at first.

 2nd Kradshetzen Bataillon, 2nd Panzer Division KStN 1109 (10 05 40)

 HQ Motorcycle Infantry Battalion BN HQ, HQ Section-5 Mtrcyc, 3 mtrcyc
with s/c, 1 medium cross country (cc) personnel carrier (m Einheits
PKW), 1 medium cc personnel carrier (Horch 830-R)

 1 Light Radio Section- 1 medium cc radio carrier

 2 Light Telephone Sections- 1 medium cc signals carrier each

 2 Pack Radio Sections- 1 light cc radio carrier (BMW 309)

 2 Light Armored Radio Signals Sections, 1 Light Armored Radio Car
(Sdkfz 261)


 3 Motorcycle Infantry Companies KStN 1111 (1 10 37)

 Company Headquarters--HQ Section- 3 mtrcyc, 1 mtrcyc with s/c, 1 medium
cc personnel carrier (m Einheits PKW), 1 heavy cc personnel carrier (m
Einheits PKW)

 Machine Gun Detachment- 10 mtrcyc with s/c, 2 HMG's

3 Motorcycle Platoons--HQ section- 2 mtrcyc, 1 medium cc personnel
carrier (m Einheits PKW), 1 heavy cc personnel carrier (m Einheits PKW)

3 Infantry Squads- 3 mtrcyc with s/c, --1 infantry squad with 1 LMG --1
mortar 50mm

Akira's book says that KStN1112 is for a motorcycle infantry company--my
book shows KStN 1112 as a motorized Infantry Company in a Schuetzen
Abteilung.

The 2nd Motorcycle Infantry Battalion is listed as being different than
the other Motorcycle Infantry Battalions due to it having 3 Motorcycle
Infantry Companies versus one in other formations.  What isn't clear to
me is whether or not that means the three companies are in addition to
theMotorcycle Machine Gun Battalion, the Motorized Heavy Company and the
Engineer Platoon, or a replacment for them (HQ, 3 Companies and
Engineers versus HQ, 3 Companies, 2 specialized Companies and
Engineers).

I will post the TO&E     for the MG Company, Motorized Heavy Company and
Engineers later.

BTW, KStN means Table of Organization and Equipment.

Tim

************************************************************************
*  Tim A. Scherrer          "You'll be fighting WWII for the rest of   *
*  Facilities Supervisor     your life", Ron Scherrer, 1971            *
*  WP:816-785-5253                                                     *
*  HP:816-665-6704                                                     *
*  ID# AD16%NEMOMUS@ACADEMIC.NEMOSTATE.EDU                             *
************************************************************************

------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 20 May 1993 09:34:08 EDT
From:    Lowe Barrett MAJ <hb9388@USMA6.USMA.EDU>
Subject: Re: Kradshuetzen Bataillon part 1

Tim,

Good poop.

Barry

Barrett F. Lowe                    RANGERS LEAD THE WAY!
MAJ, IN
Dept of Physics, US Military Academy, West Point, NY 10996

------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 20 May 1993 10:36:53 EDT
From:    "AD16000@NEMOMUS.BITNET. --Scherrer,
         Tim A." <AD16%NEMOMUS.BITNET@MIZZOU1.MISSOURI.EDU>
Subject: Re: Kradshuetzen Bataillon part 1

Apparently my first post went out to you all (to use my Missouri slang),
but it didn't make it to me.  Could somebody forward me a copy.  I'll
post the rest of it tommorrow.  Lowe--thanks for the complement--it's
always great to hear a compliment from an Infantry guy to an MI guy on
the information we've provided---Thanks in advance--Tim

************************************************************************
*  Tim A. Scherrer          "You'll be fighting WWII for the rest of   *
*  Facilities Supervisor     your life", Ron Scherrer, 1971            *
*  WP:816-785-5253                                                     *
*  HP:816-665-6704                                                     *
*  ID# AD16%NEMOMUS@ACADEMIC.NEMOSTATE.EDU                             *
************************************************************************

------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 20 May 1993 11:00:29 EST
From:    Larry Jewell <jewell@MACE.CC.PURDUE.EDU>
Subject: Re: Detailed engine installation (fwd)

Anybody on the list know anything about airplanes?

Larry (yes, I'm ducking) J

Forwarded message:
> From @VM.CC.PURDUE.EDU:OWNER-MILHST-L@UKANVM.CC.UKANS.EDU Thu May 20 09:59:23 1993
> Message-Id: <9305201459.AA22820@mace.cc.purdue.edu>
> Date:         Thu, 20 May 1993 10:50:31 -0400
> Reply-To: Military History <@VM.CC.PURDUE.EDU:MILHST-L@UKANVM>
> Sender: Military History <@VM.CC.PURDUE.EDU:MILHST-L@UKANVM>
> From: Peter Maclean <MACLEANP@VAX.LIBRARY.UTORONTO.CA>
> Subject:      Re: Detailed engine installation
> To: Multiple recipients of list MILHST-L
>               <@VM.CC.PURDUE.EDU:MILHST-L@UKANVM>
>
> I'm looking for detailed engine installation photos, ideally Curtiss
> manufacturer's photos, of the B-29. Available books are short on this
> kind of information.
>
> Peter Maclean
> <University of Toronto
> 416-978-2279
> MACLEANP@VAX.LIBRARY.UTORONTO.CA
>

------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 20 May 1993 11:18:24 CDT
From:    "Robert J. Granvin" <rjg@UMNSTAT.STAT.UMN.EDU>
Subject: Re: Detailed engine installation (fwd)

> Anybody on the list know anything about airplanes?
>
> Larry (yes, I'm ducking) J
>
> Forwarded message:
> > From @VM.CC.PURDUE.EDU:OWNER-MILHST-L@UKANVM.CC.UKANS.EDU Thu May 20 09:59:23
> 1993
> > Message-Id: <9305201459.AA22820@mace.cc.purdue.edu>
> > Date:         Thu, 20 May 1993 10:50:31 -0400
> > Reply-To: Military History <@VM.CC.PURDUE.EDU:MILHST-L@UKANVM>
> > Sender: Military History <@VM.CC.PURDUE.EDU:MILHST-L@UKANVM>
> > From: Peter Maclean <MACLEANP@VAX.LIBRARY.UTORONTO.CA>
> > Subject:      Re: Detailed engine installation
> > To: Multiple recipients of list MILHST-L
> >               <@VM.CC.PURDUE.EDU:MILHST-L@UKANVM>
> >
> > I'm looking for detailed engine installation photos, ideally Curtiss
> > manufacturer's photos, of the B-29. Available books are short on this
> > kind of information.
> >
> > Peter Maclean
> > <University of Toronto
> > 416-978-2279
> > MACLEANP@VAX.LIBRARY.UTORONTO.CA

_CURRENT_ ones might be available.

The CAF's B-29 Fifi just underwent a four engine change and overhaul
(with a couple of extra removal/re-installations just to keep people
on their toes).

They would certainly have all technical information necessary.  Whether
that includes photographs or not, I dunno.

Contact: Doug Jeanes, Maintenance Officer, CAF Headquarters.  915/563-1000.

[Taking a low bead on Larry... :-)]

--
Robert J. Granvin                                    Southern Minnesota Wing
rjg@stat.umn.edu                                       Confederate Air Force
  You know you've made a gear-up landing when it takes full power to taxi.

------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 20 May 1993 12:40:20 -0400
From:    "M. Joseph Barone" <m1b@RAYSSD.SSD.RAY.COM>
Subject: TECH: Dog soldiers

        In the latest issue of World War II magazine was an article
about the Soviets training dogs with 26 pounds of explosives strapped
to them to crawl under German tanks to detonate.  I had never heard of
this so I thought perhaps this might be news to others on this list as
well.

        In the early part of the war, the Soviets were experimenting
with many different anti-tank methods.  One such was to strap two
saddlebags, each with 13 pounds of explosives, onto dogs with a
plunger-type detonator with a safety pin.  The dogs would only be
fed exclusively under running tanks with their saddlebags strapped
on them (shades of Pavlov's experiments).  While the safety pin was
in place, there was little danger of a training mishap.  Eventually
the dogs would become accustomed to the noise of a tank and knew to
crawl under a tank to search for food.  Then the animals would then
be starved for a couple of days and moved to the battlefront.  There,
the safety pin would be removed and the dogs would be released in the
direction of German armor formations.  The dogs would close with the
unsuspecting Germans and crawl under their tanks, detonating their
payloads with devastating results.

        At first the Germans were unaware of what what going on.  After
a while, though, they had discovered dogs killed in the vicinity of
an action before they could detonate and noted their deadly cargo.  To
the Germans, a dog loving people, this struck them as bizarre and inhumane
(talk about pots and kettles!).  Soon, German sharpshooters were picking
off any dogs that they came upon.

        As it turned out, by the time the Germans were countering this
strategy, the Soviets stopped using the dogs.  The reason for their
retirement was that, as more Russian armor became available, the dogs
had a tendency to crawl under the closer vehicles!  No amount of
training could make the dogs differentiate between German and Russian
armor!

        This sounded so much like the bat-bombs that the US was developing,
I just had to share it!
--
Joe Barone
m1b@rayssd.ssd.ray.com
Look, Colonel, you have to think of us as tourists.  We just
want to know which hotels to stay at when we get to Nancy.

------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 20 May 1993 16:31:14 CDT
From:    "Robert J. Granvin" <rjg@UMNSTAT.STAT.UMN.EDU>
Subject: INF: Miss Mitchell shows

Sorry for the shameless marketeering, but I don't care.  :-)

About a dozen or so people over the last few months have been asking
me to provide a list of where our B-25J Mitchell "Miss Mitchell" (Best
B-25, Oshkosh '92 (out of 9)) will be appearing.

Unfortunately, I have misplaced many of the names, so everyone's gonna
get the info. :-)

Currently Touring Aircraft:

        B-25J Mitchell: "Miss Mitchell," 12 year restoration.  12th Air
                        Force, 57th Bomb Wing, 310th Bomb Group, 380th
                        Bomb Squadron.  Natural aluminum, Varga art on
                        nose.  Yellow and blue stripes on tail.  Blue
                        spinners.

        Harvard Mk IV:  Canadian Car and Foundry built (licensed) North
                        American AT-6 Texan.  Silver with inboard wing
                        roots yellow.  In RCAF markings.

        Vultee BT-13A:  Basic trainer used before transitioning into the
                        AT-6.  Fixed gear.  Natural aluminum with Type-1
                        USAAF markings (roundel without bar and red and
                        white striped rudder.  Red cowling ring.

These are confirmed, but more shows will appear.  It'll be obvious that
we're staying close to home for the time being.  If you go to one of these
shows, do me two favors:

        1) Leave a card or something with your name on it address to me so
           I know you were there (it REALLY baffles the people who work the
           shows when people from all over the country know me :-)

        2) Buy stuff.  We need the money.  Buy lots of stuff.  :-)


May     28-31   Wichita, Kansas         B-25 Miss Mitchell
June    19-20   Mason City, Iowa        B-25 Miss Mitchell
June    19-20   Ottumwa, Iowa           BT-13A & Harvard Mk IV
June    21      Forest City, Iowa       B-25 Miss Mitchell
July    10-11   Quad City, Iowa         B-25 Miss Mitchell
July    16-18   Hibbing, Minnesota      B-25 Miss Mitchell, BT & Harvard (*)
July    22-25   Offutt AFB, Nebraska    B-25 Miss Mitchell (**)
Aug     6-8     St. Paul, Minnesota     BLOW OUT.  :-)  (***)
Aug     8       Rapid City, So. Dakota  B-25 Miss Mitchell (probable)
Aug     27-29   Owatonna, Minnesota     BT-13A & Harvard Mk IV
Sept    4-5     Newton, Iowa            B-25 Miss Mitchell, BT & Harvard
Oct     9-10    Midland, Texas          B-25 Miss Mitchell, et. al. (****)

(*)     Major show with appearances by the Blue Angels, Golden Knights, a half
        million military bands, concerts, etc.
(**)    Confirmed, though maybe on the "concerned" column.
(***)   Annual Southern Minnesota Wing static display with 30 aircraft
        featuring the B-17, F7F Tigercat with all other WWII Cats, guests
        like Alex Zuyev, U.S. Fighter Squadron, etc.  Cool.  :-)
(****)  CAF's Airsho! 93.

--
Robert J. Granvin                                    Southern Minnesota Wing
rjg@stat.umn.edu                                       Confederate Air Force
  You know you've made a gear-up landing when it takes full power to taxi.

------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 20 May 1993 20:41:38 EDT
From:    "AD16000@NEMOMUS.BITNET. --Scherrer,
         Tim A." <AD16%NEMOMUS.BITNET@UBVM.CC.BUFFALO.EDU>
Subject: Kradshuetzen Bataillon part 2

Thanks for sending me my own post---I'm not sure what happened with our
system here--but I'm glad it went out.

OK---this is part 2, which covers the other parts of the Motorcycle
Infantry Battalion.

Motorcycle Machine Gun Comapany KStN 1118 (1.10.38)

Company Headquarters--HQ Section-3 mtrcyc, 1 mtrcyc with s/c, 1 heavy vv
personnel carrier (m Einheits-PKW), 1 Truck-Mannshafts KW cc personnel
carrier (S Einheits-PKW)

--2 Light Telephone Sections-1 medium cc signals carrier (Mercedes Benz
340-WK)

2 Machine Gun Platoons--HQ Section-2 mtrcyc, 1 medium cc personnel
carrier (M Einheits-PKW)

--Light Telephone Section-1 medium cc signals carrier (Mercedes Benz
340-WK)

--Ammo Section-2 mtrcyc with s/c

--2 Machine Gun Sections-6 mtrcyc with s/c, 2 heavy machine guns

Mortar Platoon--HQ Section-1 mtrcyc with s/c, 1 medium cc personnel
carrier (M Einheits-PKW), 1 Truck-Mannshafts KW cc personnel carrier (S.
Einheits PKW)

3 Mortar Sections- 1 medium personnel carrier (M Einheits PKW)


Motorized Heavy Company KStN 1121 (1.10.37)

Company Headquarters-2 mtrcyc, 2 mtrcyc with s/c, 1 truck cc prime mover
(Krupp L2 H-43 or H143 Protze)

Anti-Tank Platoon KStN 1122 (1.10.37)

Headquarters Section-1 mtrcyc, 2 mtrcyc with s/c, 1 medium cc personnel
carrier with tow hook

Gun Section-4 Trucks prime movers for light guns (Krupp L2H-43 or H-143
Protze), 3-37mm Anti-Tank guns, 1 light machine gun

Light Infantry Gun Section KStN 1123 (1.10.37)

Headquarters Section-1 mtrcyc, 2 mtrcyc with s/c, 1 medium cc personnel
carrier with towhook

Light Telephone Section-1 medium cc telephone signals carrier

Ammo Section-1 mtrcyc with s/c, 1 truck prime mover for light guns (Krup
p L2H-43 or H-143 Protze), 1 ammo trailer

Gun Section-2 trucks prime mover for light guns (Krupp L2H-43 or H-143),
2 Infantry Guns 75mm towed

Engineer Platoon KStN 1124 (1.10.37)

Headquarters Section-1 mtrcyc, 1 mtrcyc with s/c, 1 medium cc carrier
with equipment boxes (Stoewer M-12-RW)

1 Section-1 mtrcyc, 1 mtrcyc with s/c, 1 1.5 ton trucks, 1 Engineer
section with 1 light machine gun.

2 Sections-1 medium cc personnel carrier (Horch 830-R, 830-BL, 1
Engineer section with Light Machine Gun

Source is Leo Niehorster's _German World War II Organizational Series_
as published by J.J. Fedorowicz Publishing.

************************************************************************
*  Tim A. Scherrer          "You'll be fighting WWII for the rest of   *
*  Facilities Supervisor     your life", Ron Scherrer, 1971            *
*  WP:816-785-5253                                                     *
*  HP:816-665-6704                                                     *
*  ID# AD16%NEMOMUS@ACADEMIC.NEMOSTATE.EDU                             *
************************************************************************

------------------------------

End of WWII-L Digest - 19 May 1993 to 20 May 1993
*************************************************

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Status: O

There are 5 messages totalling 287 lines in this issue.

Topics of the day:

  1. TECH: Dog soldiers
  2. USAAF 21 MAY 43
  3. Airshows in NE USA
  4. DOC: looking for plans (2)

----------------------------------------------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 20 May 1993 22:28:02 EDT
From:    rod holmes <rholmes@DHVX20.CSUDH.EDU>
Subject: Re: TECH: Dog soldiers

<        As it turned out, by the time the Germans were countering this
< strategy, the Soviets stopped using the dogs.  The reason for their
< retirement was that, as more Russian armor became available, the dogs
< had a tendency to crawl under the closer vehicles!  No amount of
< training could make the dogs differentiate between German and Russian
< armor!

If I remember right it wasn't that the dog's couldn't differentiate between
German and Soviet tanks, it was the dogs would go for the Soviet tanks
instead. See, the dogs were feed under Soviet tanks and Soviet tanks have a
different smell than German tanks because one uses gas and the other disel
(can't remember which though). It was the smell the dogs associated with
food so, the dogs went for the smell that gave away the food.

Rod Holmes
rholmes@dhvx20.csudh.edu

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 21 May 1993 07:22:00 -0400
From:    jem3@CC.BELLCORE.COM
Subject: USAAF 21 MAY 43

COMBAT CHRONOLOGY OF THE US ARMY AIR FORCES
FRIDAY, 21 MAY 1943 (Today is my 7th birthday)
FTP SITES
  1. ftp.rutgers.edu in directory pub/wwii/usaf
  2. byrd.mu.wvnet.edu (129.71.32.152) in pub/history/military/airforce/
     wwii_chronology

AIRCRAFT MENTIONED IN THIS REPORT:
  B-17, Boeing Flying Fortress
  B-24, Consolidated Liberator
  B-25, North American Mitchell
  B-26, Martin Marauder
  C-47, Douglas Skytrain
  Liberator, Consolidated (RAF)
  P-38, Lockheed Lightning
  P-40, Curtiss
  P-47, Republic Thunderbolt
  Wellington, Vickers (RAF)

AMERICAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Eleventh Air Force)
  In the Aleutians, 10 B-24's, 12 B-25's, and 24 P-38's are dispatched to
Attu but only 3 missions, totalling 6 P-38's and 1 B-24, are able to bomb
and strafe troops and installations. 4 other missions, after vainly waiting
for a break in the overcast over Attu, bomb the Kiska submarine base
through the overcast.

EUROPEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Eighth Air Force)
  VIII Bomber Command Mission Number 60: 98 B-17's are dispatched against
the U-boat yards at Wilhelmshaven, Germany; 77 hit the target at 1244-1245
hours local; we claim 47-5-17 Luftwaffe aircraft; we lose 7 B-17's with
another 24 damaged; casualties are 1 KIA, 9 WIA and 60 MIA. A second,
smaller strike of 63 B-17's is dispatched against the U-boat yards at
Emden, Germany; 46 bomb the target at 1244-1246 hours local; we claim
31-6-6 Luftwaffe aircraft; we lose 5 B-17's with 2 others damaged beyond
repair and 9 others damaged; casualties are 2 KIA, 5 WIA and 50 MIA. At
Wilhelmshaven German fighters are reported firing rockets.
  VIII Fighter Command Field Order Number 105: 105 P-47's are dispatched on
a fighter sweep in the Ostend/Ghent area; they claim 0-0-1 Luftwaffe
aircraft; we lose 3 and all pilots are listed as MIA.
  HQ 379th Bombardment Group (Heavy) arrives at Kimbolton, England from the
US.

MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Ninth Air Force)
    In Italy during the night of 2O/2l May, RAF Liberators, under
operational control of IX Bomber Command, bomb Messina and Reggio di
Calabria. During the day, B-24's hit Vila San Giovanni and Reggio di
Calabria; gunners claim 4 fighters destroyed.
    In the Mediterranean, P-40's fly sea patrol off the NE Tunisian coast.

  WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Northwest African Air Force)
    In Sardinia during the night of 20/21 May, Wellingtons hit Villacidro
and Decimomannu Airfields and targets of opportunity. During the day,
B-25's and B-26's bomb the same airfields.
    In the Mediterranean, P-40's attack gun positions and targets of
opportunity on Pantelleria Island.
    In Sicily, B-17's hit hangars, repair shops, dispersal points, and a
gun battery at Castelvetrano.
    HQ 52d Fighter Group transfers from Le Sers, Tunisia to La Sebala,
Tunisia.
    HQ 314th Troop Carrier Group and it's 32d, 50th and 61st Troop Carrier
Squadrons with C-47's arrive at Berguent, French Morocco from the
US.
    The 7th Troop Carrier Squadron, 62d Troop Carrier Group transfers with
C-47's from Nouvion, Algeria to Matemore, Algeria.

SOUTHWEST PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Fifth Air Force)
  In the Bismarck Archipelago, B-17's bomb airfields in the Rabaul area
while B-24's hit the airfield at Gasmata.
  In New Guinea, Nabire Airfield is hit by B-24's.
  In the Moluccas, B-25's blast AA positions, supply dumps, and town area,
at Saumlakki.
  The 90th Bombardment Squadron (Dive), 3d Bombardment Group (Dive)
transfers with B-25's from Port Moresby, New Guinea to Dobodura, New
Guinea. The squadron will be redesignated Bombardment Squadron (Light) on
the 25th.

SOURCES:
AIR FORCE COMBAT UNITS OF WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force History,
  Headquarters USAF, 1961, ISBN 0-912799-02-1
COMBAT SQUADRONS OF THE AIR FORCE, WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force
  History, Headquarters USAF 1982
THE ARMY AIR FORCES IN WORLD WAR II: COMBAT CHRONOLOGY, 1941-1945 by the
  Office of Air Force History, Headquarters USAF, 1973
THE MIGHTY EIGHTH WAR DIARY by Roger A. Freeman, ISBN 1-85409-071-2

Jack McKillop
USAF (Airways and Air Communications Service)
1955-59


----------------------------------------------------------------------
|  Jack McKillop      |  Those who have long enjoyed such privileges |
|  Bellcore           |  as we enjoy forget in time that men have    |
|  Piscataway, NJ     |  died to win them.     FDR                   |
|  USA                |  jem3@cc.bellcore.com                        |
----------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 21 May 1993 14:27:11 -0400
From:    jem3@CC.BELLCORE.COM
Subject: Airshows in NE USA

          AIRSHOWS IN THE NORTHEASTERN UNITED STATES, 1993
                     ISSUE 3, MAY 21, 1993

This is the latest list of airshows in the Northeastern U.S. that I have
been able to compose.  The list is sorted by state and any military aerobatic
or parachute team appearing is noted.  Also noted is any known telephone
numbers; please call the telephone number listed for further information.
I will gladly update this list with any additions, changes and/or
deletions.  Just e-mail me at jem3@cc.bellcore.com

REASON FOR REISSUE
------------------
Add the following shows:

 1. Altoona, Pennsylvania
 2. Baltimore, Maryland
 3. Charleston, West Virginia
 4. Falmouth, Massachusetts
 5. Fulton, New York
 6. Meadville, Pennsylvania
 7. Pittstown, New Jersey
 8. Reading, Pennsylvania in June
 9. Reynoldsville, Pennsylvania
10. White Lake, New York


CONNECTICUT
-----------
Meriden: August 29 (203-238-1911)

DELAWARE
--------
Nothing listed

MAINE
-----
Bingham: September 24-26 (207-672-4135)
NAS Brunswick: Golden Knights, July 24-25 (207-921-2527)

MARYLAND
--------
Baltimore: September 11-12
College Park: September 18-19 (301-864-5844)
NAS Patuxent River: Blue Angels, May 22; Golden Knights, May 22-23
  (301-863-1141)

MASSACHUSETTS
-------------
Andover: Golden Knights, May 31
Falmouth: June 12-13 (508-968-4645
Hanscom AFB: Golden Knights and Thunderbirds, June 26-27
NAS South Weymouth: Blue Angels, June 12-13 (617-785-2786)

NEW HAMPSHIRE
-------------
Concord: Golden Knights, June 26-27 (603-225-4861)
Pease AFB(?): September 25-26 (617-274-0002)

NEW JERSEY
----------
McGuire AFB: September 26 (609-724-2358)
Pittstown: August 6-8 (908-735-0870)
Readington: July 30-August 1 (908-534-4000)
Sussex: August 27-29 (201-875-0783 and 201-875-7337)

NEW YORK
--------
Coney Island: Thunderbirds, May 29
Elmira: Blue Angels, July 3-4
Fulton: July 10-11
Geneseo: August 20-22 (716-385-2390)
White Lake: August 7-8 (914-794-2212)

PENNSYLVANIA
------------
Altoona: June 19-20 (412-846-9922)
Erie: July 17-18 (814-833-7343)
Franklin: June 26-27 (814-432-5333)
Meadville: July 3-4 (814-724-6000)
Mifflintown: June 27 (717-436-6036)
Quakertown: June 4-6 (215-538-3055)
Reading: Mid-Atlantic Museum Commerative weekend, Jun 5-6 (215-372-7333)
Reading: Reading Aerofest, August 28-29 (215-372-4666)
Reynoldsville: September 11-12 (412-846-9922)
Wilkes-Barre/Scranton IAP: Blue Angels and Golden Knights, August 21-22
  (717-655-3077)

RHODE ISLAND
------------
North Kingstown: Golden Knights, May 29-30; Thunderbirds,  May 30
  (401-888-1420)

VERMONT
-------
Burlington: Golden Knights, September 18-19

VIRGINIA
--------
Langley AFB: August 7
Manassas: September 18-19 (703-631-2423)
NAS Oceana: Blue Angels, September 11-12 (804-433-2818)
Norfolk Harborfest: June 4-6 (804-627-5329)
Richmond: May 22-23

WEST VIRGINIA
-------------
Charleston: September 18-19


----------------------------------------------------------------------
|  Jack McKillop      |  Those who have long enjoyed such privileges |
|  Bellcore           |  as we enjoy forget in time that men have    |
|  Piscataway, NJ     |  died to win them.     FDR                   |
|  USA                |  jem3@cc.bellcore.com                        |
----------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 21 May 1993 16:24:24 EDT
From:    rod holmes <rholmes@DHVX20.CSUDH.EDU>
Subject: DOC: looking for plans

Hello,

        I was wondering if anyone out there knew where to get copies of the
battle plans for the 5th Armies invasion of Salerno or any orginal
documents of this kind.

Rod Holmes
rholmes@dhvx20.csudh.edu

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 21 May 1993 20:24:38 EST
From:    Larry Jewell <jewell@MACE.CC.PURDUE.EDU>
Subject: Re: DOC: looking for plans

> Hello,
>
>         I was wondering if anyone out there knew where to get copies of the
> battle plans for the 5th Armies invasion of Salerno or any orginal
> documents of this kind.

  Try asking the Army War College at Carlisle Barracks for pointers.  The
phone number for Archives is (717)245-3189.

  I've work with them some and they're usually very helpful.

> Rod Holmes
> rholmes@dhvx20.csudh.edu

Larry J

------------------------------

End of WWII-L Digest - 20 May 1993 to 21 May 1993
*************************************************

From @UBVM.CC.BUFFALO.EDU:owner-WWII-L@UBVM.CC.BUFFALO.EDU Sat May 22 23:02:00 1993
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Subject:  WWII-L Digest - 21 May 1993 to 22 May 1993
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Status: O

There are 3 messages totalling 225 lines in this issue.

Topics of the day:

  1. "Johnnie" Frost.
  2. NETTOOLS
  3. <No subject given>

----------------------------------------------------------------------

Date:    Sat, 22 May 1993 06:40:28 EST
From:    Larry Jewell <jewell@MACE.CC.PURDUE.EDU>
Subject: "Johnnie" Frost.

Rueter News reports that Major-General "Johnnie" Frost died on May 22.

He led the advance elements to the bridge at Arnhem during Operation
Market-Garden. After his unit was cut off from the main body of troops
he led the defense of the foothold at the bridge until the situation was
hopeless.  (In the movie "A Bridge Too Far" he was portrayed by Anthony
Hopkins.)

Larry J

------------------------------

Date:    Sat, 22 May 1993 11:53:22 -0400
From:    Lydia Fish <FISHLM@SNYBUFVA.BITNET>
Subject: NETTOOLS

This came across lstown this morning and I thought it might be useful to those
of you who are interested in exploring the networks a bit.

Lydia

******************************************************************
The following table of contents is from the document NETTOOLS MEMO
stored on the filelist DOC on LISTSERV@EARNCC (3700+ lines long).

It might be useful to your list members/users too.

(This document has been announced on NETTRAIN et al.)

/Pete

  - - The original note follows - -

                  Guide to Network Resource Tools


                         EARN Association

                          April 26, 1993

                              Contents


     Introduction


     Part 1:  EXPLORING THE NETWORK

        GOPHER
           What is Gopher
           Who can use Gopher
           How to get to Gopher
           Using Gopher
           VERONICA
              Simple Boolean search method
              Partial Boolean search method
           Learning more about Gopher
        WORLD-WIDE WEB
           What is World-Wide Web
           Who can use World-Wide Web
           How to get to World-Wide Web
           Using World-Wide Web
           Learning more about World-Wide Web


     Part 2:  SEARCHING DATABASES

        WAIS
           What is WAIS
           Who can use WAIS
           How to get to WAIS
           Learning more about WAIS
        ASTRA
           What is ASTRA
           Who can use ASTRA
           How to get to ASTRA
           Using ASTRA
              General Commands
              Batch Query Language Commands
           Examples
           Learning more about ASTRA


     Part 3:  FINDING NETWORK RESOURCES

        ARCHIE
           What is ARCHIE
           Who can use ARCHIE
           How to get to ARCHIE
           Using ARCHIE
              Using a local client
              Using Telnet
              Using Electronic mail
           Examples
           Learning more about ARCHIE
        WHOIS
           What is WHOIS
           Who can use WHOIS
           How to get to WHOIS
           Using WHOIS
           Examples
           Learning more about WHOIS
        NETSERV
           What is NETSERV
           Who can use NETSERV
           How to get to NETSERV
           Using NETSERV
              Commands For General Users
           Examples
           Learning more about NETSERV


     Part 4:  GETTING FILES

        TRICKLE
           What is TRICKLE
           Who can use TRICKLE
           How to get to TRICKLE
           Using TRICKLE
              Important Commands
           Examples
           Learning more about TRICKLE
        BITFTP
           What is BITFTP
           Who can use BITFTP
           How to get to BITFTP
           Using BITFTP
              Command description
           Learning more about BITFTP


     Part 5:  NETWORKED INTEREST GROUPS

        NETNEWS (USENET)
           What is NETNEWS
           Who can use NETNEWS
           How to get to NETNEWS
           Using NETNEWS
              Unix
              X-window
              VMS
              VM/CMS
              MVS
              Macintosh
              MSDOS
           Learning more about NETNEWS

        LISTSERV
           What is LISTSERV
           Who can use LISTSERV
           How to get to LISTSERV
           Using LISTSERV
              List subscription commands
              Informational commands
              File and filelist commands
`             Parameter description
              LISTSERV Database Facilities
           Examples
           Learning more about LISTSERV


 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 This document  has been compiled  and produced by the  EARN Association.
 Permission to copy  all or part of this document  without fee is granted
 provided the copies  are not used for commercial advantage  and that the
 EARN Association is cited as the source of the document.

 We would like to express our  gratitude to the authors and developers of
 these tools for making their work available to the networking community.
 We have consulted their documentation,  and the documentation of others,
 in preparing this guide, and for this we are also grateful. We have used
 their descriptions  and explanations  when suitable,  but any  errors or
 inaccuracies are the sole responsibility  of the EARN staff. Consult the
 sources  listed at  the end  of each  section for  specific queries  and
 original detailed information.
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------

 This document is available from:     LISTSERV@EARNCC.BITNET

 Send the command:     GET filename
 where the filename is either:
           NETTOOLS PS           (Postscript)
           NETTOOLS MEMO         (plain text)

------------------------------

Date:    Sat, 22 May 1993 13:56:49 -0400
From:    NNTP server account <usenet@CORANTO.UCS.MUN.CA>
Subject: <No subject given>

Newsgroups: mail.wwii-l
Path: kean.ucs.mun.ca!noller
From: noller@kean.ucs.mun.ca
Subject: Interview about the Battle of Britain
Message-ID: <1993May22.152421.1@kean.ucs.mun.ca>
Lines: 18
Sender: usenet@news.ucs.mun.ca (NNTP server account)
Organization: Memorial University. St.John's Nfld, Canada
Date: Sat, 22 May 1993 18:54:21 GMT

A friend of mine told me that he saw an interview of a Pole concerning his
participation in the Battle of Britain. it's a humourous story that I've
posted in rec.humour, but I want to know if it's true.

The reporter was asking this Polish fellow about some of the sorties he
had flown during the war; part of the story went something like this:

Veteran:  ...then the fuckers came at us out of the sun. These fuckers
          were everywhere.

reporter: For the viewing audience, a Fokker (sp?) was a type of German
          fighter aircraft.

Veteran:  Yes, that is true, but these fuckers were Messerschmitts.

Well?????

Mike, Memorial University

------------------------------

End of WWII-L Digest - 21 May 1993 to 22 May 1993
*************************************************

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Status: O

There are 3 messages totalling 78 lines in this issue.

Topics of the day:

  1. TECH: Dog soldiers
  2. National Geographic Special
  3. REF: famous photo of Hitler, maybe???

----------------------------------------------------------------------

Date:    Sun, 23 May 1993 01:16:34 -0400
From:    Akira Takiguchi <akira@ATSON.ASAHI-NP.CO.JP>
Subject: Re: TECH: Dog soldiers

     Doesn't the WWII magazine show references?  I read about the
mine dogs in Carell's classic _Unternehmen Barbarossa_.  His _Unternehmen
Barbarossa im Bild_ shows a photograph of a captured mine dog.  Both
books are also available in English version.

     Mine dogs from _Moscow tank hunter company_ were seen in the fall
of 1941 in Moscow front (reports from 3. Panzer Division and 18. Panzer
Division are told in the book).  They seemed to be seldom successful,
but later in the war partisan units also utilized (though rarely) mine
dogs.

Joe Barone wrote:
>The dogs would only be
>fed exclusively under running tanks with their saddlebags strapped
>on them (shades of Pavlov's experiments).

     They were trained under tractors (I think this is reasonable, since
tanks were greatly needed in the front).  But I also remember reading
the same story as told by Rod Holmes (don't remember the source, sorry).

     A recent TV show surprised me by showing present-day Russian (so I
remember - but I could be wrong) dogs being trained the same way!

References:
Carell _Unternehmen Barbarossa_ 1963 Verlag Ullstein [chapter 1.7]
Carell _Unternehmen Barbarossa im Bild_ 1967 Verlag Ullstein [page 69]
--
       Akira Takiguchi  at ATSON, Inc. (a subsidiary of the Asahi Shimbun)
                   WAKO GINZA bldg.  8-10-4 Ginza Chuo-ku Tokyo 104  Japan
   +81 3 3289 7051(voice) 7066(fax)  EMAIL TO <akira@atson.asahi-np.co.jp>

------------------------------

Date:    Sun, 23 May 1993 16:11:28 MDT
From:    Steve Alvin <STEPHEN_ALVIN@DSU1.DSU.NODAK.EDU>
Subject: National Geographic Special

Those member of this list living in the United States and Canada might
be interested in tuning in a National Geographic Explorer episode
tonight (Sunday) on WTBS at 9 pm Eastern.  One segment will deal with
exploring the sunken ships in the water around Guadacanal.

Also, I am trying a new option with my e-mail program that is
supposed to automatically add my signature to this message.  Will
someone on the list be kind enough to tell me the option worked?Steve Alvin
Dickinson State University
STEPHEN_ALVIN@DSU1.DSU.NODAK.EDU
**********************************************************************
*Those who fail to remember history are doomed to repeat it.--Proverb*
*Those who fail to remember history are doomed to repeat my class.-SA*
**********************************************************************

------------------------------

Date:    Sun, 23 May 1993 20:58:41 EDT
From:    Robert E George <regeorge@MAGNUS.ACS.OHIO-STATE.EDU>
Subject: REF: famous photo of Hitler, maybe???

In S. Lorant's picture-book "Sieg Heil" there is a picture of a
crowd in Munich cheering at the outbreak of war in 1914. There were
hundreds if not thousands of people in that crowd. One small section
of the photo is "blown up" (a U.S. term to mean that the image in a photo
or part of a photo has been greatly enlarged) and seems to show Adolf Hitler
there.

I am curious about this picture. I don't have the picture in front of
me, but the enlarged image of Hitler seemed to depict him *older* than
he looked when photographed in France circa 1916-1917. I wonder, could
the photo be a hoax? Does anybody have any info?

Rob George

------------------------------

End of WWII-L Digest - 22 May 1993 to 23 May 1993
*************************************************

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Subject:  WWII-L Digest - 23 May 1993 to 24 May 1993
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Status: O

There are 12 messages totalling 1085 lines in this issue.

Topics of the day:

  1. USAAF 22 MAY 43
  2. USAAF 23 MAY 43
  3. USAAF 24 MAY 43
  4. Discovery Channel
  5. USAAF Aircraft Desigantion System (3)
  6. 20/20 REPORT
  7. AOB--ETO (2)
  8. First use of Napalm (2)

----------------------------------------------------------------------

Date:    Mon, 24 May 1993 08:01:04 -0400
From:    jem3@CC.BELLCORE.COM
Subject: USAAF 22 MAY 43

COMBAT CHRONOLOGY OF THE US ARMY AIR FORCES
SATURDAY, 22 MAY 1943
FTP SITES
  1. ftp.rutgers.edu in directory pub/wwii/usaf
  2. byrd.mu.wvnet.edu (129.71.32.152) in pub/history/military/airforce/
     wwii_chronology

AIRCRAFT MENTIONED IN THIS REPORT:
  B-24, Consolidated Liberator
  B-26, Martin Marauder
  LB-30, Consolidated Liberator
  P-39, Bell Airacobra
  P-40, Curtiss
  Wellington, Vickers (RAF)

AMERICAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  ALASKA (Eleventh Air Force)
    In the Aleutians, bad weather forces cancellation of all missions. 15
enemy bombers make a torpedo attack on the gunboat USS Charleston (PG-51)
and destroyer USS Phelps (DD-360) patrolling Attu. The ships suffer only
negligible damage.

  CARIBBEAN (Sixth Air Force)
    The 25th and 45th Bombardment Squadrons (Heavy), 40th Bombardment
Group (Heavy) transfer with B-24's and LB-30's to Howard Field, Canal
Zone. The 25th was at Salinas, Ecuador and the 45th was on the Galapagos
Islands.

EUROPEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Eighth Air Force)
  The 451st Bombardment Squadron (Medium), 322d Bombardment Group (Medium)
transfers with B-26C's from Rattlesden, England to Rougham, England.

MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Ninth Air Force)
    In the Mediterranean, P-40's fly sea patrol off NE Tunisia.

  WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Northwest African Air Force)
    In Sicily, as a diversion for a convoy passing off Sicily during the
night of 21/22 May, Northwest African Strategic Air Force (NASAF)
Wellingtons fly intrusion missions dropping bombs on Castelvetrano,
Sciacca, Milo, and Bo Rizzo Airfields.
    In the Mediterranean, Northwest African Tactical Air Force (NATAF)
fighters fly convoy escort.
    The 60th Fighter Squadron, 33d Fighter Group transfers with P-40's
from Ebba Ksour, Tunisia to Menzel Termime, Tunisia.
    The 93d Fighter Squadron, 81st Fighter Group transfers with P-39's
from Bone, Algeria to Monastir, Tunisia.
    The 346th Fighter Squadron, 350th Fighter Group transfers with P-39's
from Orleansville, Algeria to Maison Blanche, Algeria.

SOUTHWEST PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Fifth Air Force)
  In New Guinea, B-24's bomb the town of Kaimana and strafe power launches
at Koer Island.
  The 36th Fighter Squadron, 8th Fighter Group transfers with P-39's from
Mareeba, Queensland, Australia to Port Moresby, New Guinea.

SOURCES:
AIR FORCE COMBAT UNITS OF WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force History,
  Headquarters USAF, 1961, ISBN 0-912799-02-1
COMBAT SQUADRONS OF THE AIR FORCE, WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force
  History, Headquarters USAF 1982
THE ARMY AIR FORCES IN WORLD WAR II: COMBAT CHRONOLOGY, 1941-1945 by the
  Office of Air Force History, Headquarters USAF, 1973
THE MIGHTY EIGHTH WAR DIARY by Roger A. Freeman, ISBN 1-85409-071-2

Jack McKillop
USAF (Airways and Air Communications Service)
1955-59


----------------------------------------------------------------------
|  Jack McKillop      |  Those who have long enjoyed such privileges |
|  Bellcore           |  as we enjoy forget in time that men have    |
|  Piscataway, NJ     |  died to win them.     FDR                   |
|  USA                |  jem3@cc.bellcore.com                        |
----------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

Date:    Mon, 24 May 1993 08:01:07 -0400
From:    jem3@CC.BELLCORE.COM
Subject: USAAF 23 MAY 43

COMBAT CHRONOLOGY OF THE US ARMY AIR FORCES
SUNDAY, 23 MAY 1943
FTP SITES
  1. ftp.rutgers.edu in directory pub/wwii/usaf
  2. byrd.mu.wvnet.edu (129.71.32.152) in pub/history/military/airforce/
     wwii_chronology

AIRCRAFT MENTIONED IN THIS REPORT:
  B-17, Boeing Flying Fortress
  B-24, Consolidated Liberator
  B-25, North American Mitchell
  B-26, Martin Marauder
  Beaufighter, Bristol (RAF)
  P-38, Lockheed Lightning
  P-40, Curtiss
  PBY, Consolidated Catalina (USN)

AMERICAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  ALASKA (Eleventh Air Force)
    In the Aleutians, 6 B-24's and 12 B-25's fly 3 air-ground support
missions to Attu. Due to bad weather they are routed to Kiska. Weather
there is also poor and only 1 B-25 bombs the Main Camp area. Next, 3
B-24's and 18 P-38's fly 3 air cover missions to Attu. The last of these
missions is notified by a PBY that 16 Japanese bombers are W of Attu. 5 of
the P-38's then intercept the bombers over Attu, which jettison their
bombs and close formation. The P-38's score 5 kills and 7 probables. 2 P-
38's are lost.
    The 344th Fighter Squadron, 343d Fighter Group begins a movement from
Fort Glenn, Umnak Island to Shemya Island, both in the Aleutians. The air
echelon is operating with P-40's from Amchitka Island.

  CARIBBEAN (Sixth Air Force)
    The 3d Bombardment Squadron (Heavy), 6th Bombardment Group (Heavy)
transfers with B-24's from Talara, Peru to Salinas, Ecuador.

CENTRAL PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Seventh Air Force)
  In the Territory of Hawaii, a flight of P-40's on patrol from Kauai bomb
a submarine from 1,500 feet (457 m), after which an oil slick and debris
are seen.

EUROPEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Eighth Air Force)
  The 417th Night Fighter Squadron, VIII Fighter Command based at
Cranfield, England sends a detachment to Scorton, England to train with
the RAF on Beaufighters.

MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Ninth Air Force)
    In the Mediterranean, P-40's fly convoy escort off Tunisia.

  WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Northwest African Air Force)
    In the Mediterranean, Northwest African Strategic Air Force (NASAF)
B-25's and B-26's bomb the docks and airfield on Pantelleria Island and
P-40's attack gun positions on the island.
    In Italy, P-38's attack the zinc works at Iglesias and Carloforte
harbor on San Pietro Island.
    The 91st Fighter Squadron, 81st Fighter Group transfers with P-39's
from Bone, Algeria to Sfax, Tunisia.

SOUTH PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Thirteenth Air Force)
  In the Solomons, 5 B-24's bomb the airfields at Kahili and Ballale
Island during the night of 23/24 May. 10 B-17's, attempting a follow-up
strike, abort because of bad weather. While other aircraft are
successfully laying mines in the N Solomons in the Buin area, 19 B-17's
and B-24's, in a diversionary raid, bomb the Buin-Kahili-Tonolai shoreline
area.

SOUTHWEST PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Fifth Air Force)
  In the Bismarck Archipelago, B-24's and B-17's hit the harbor and
airfield at Kavieng, the airfield at Gasmata, and the village of Ubili.
  The 13th Bombardment Squadron (Dive), 3d Bombardment Group (Dive)
transfers with B-25's from Port Moresby, New Guinea to Dobodura, New
Guinea.

SOURCES:
AIR FORCE COMBAT UNITS OF WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force History,
  Headquarters USAF, 1961, ISBN 0-912799-02-1
COMBAT SQUADRONS OF THE AIR FORCE, WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force
  History, Headquarters USAF 1982
THE ARMY AIR FORCES IN WORLD WAR II: COMBAT CHRONOLOGY, 1941-1945 by the
  Office of Air Force History, Headquarters USAF, 1973
THE MIGHTY EIGHTH WAR DIARY by Roger A. Freeman, ISBN 1-85409-071-2

Jack McKillop
USAF (Airways and Air Communications Service)
1955-59


----------------------------------------------------------------------
|  Jack McKillop      |  Those who have long enjoyed such privileges |
|  Bellcore           |  as we enjoy forget in time that men have    |
|  Piscataway, NJ     |  died to win them.     FDR                   |
|  USA                |  jem3@cc.bellcore.com                        |
----------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

Date:    Mon, 24 May 1993 08:02:23 -0400
From:    jem3@CC.BELLCORE.COM
Subject: USAAF 24 MAY 43

COMBAT CHRONOLOGY OF THE US ARMY AIR FORCES
MONDAY, 24 MAY 1943
FTP SITES
  1. ftp.rutgers.edu in directory pub/wwii/usaf
  2. byrd.mu.wvnet.edu (129.71.32.152) in pub/history/military/airforce/
     wwii_chronology

AIRCRAFT MENTIONED IN THIS REPORT:
  B-17, Boeing Flying Fortress
  B-24, Consolidated Liberator
  B-25, North American Mitchell
  B-26, Martin Marauder
  C-47, Douglas Skytrain
  F-5, Lockheed Lightning
  P-38, Lockheed Lightning
  Wellington, Vickers (RAF)

AMERICAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Eleventh Air Force)
  In the Aleutians, 2 of 3 air-ground support missions to Attu, together 6
B-24's, 11 B-25's, and 1 F-5A, bomb Attu. The third mission is cancelled,
except for 2 B-25's which do not hear the cancelling order. 3 B-24's and
14 P-38's fly 3 more air cover missions over Attu but make no contacts.

MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Ninth Air Force)
    In Italy, B-24's hit the Villa San Giovanni ferry slip and railroad
yards, and ferry terminal and a nearby tanker at Reggio di Calabria.
    The 45th Troop Carrier Squadron, 316th Troop Carrier Group transfers
with C-47's from Libya to Nouvion, Algeria.

  WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Northwest African Air Force)
    In the Mediterranean during the night of 23/24 May, Northwest African
Strategic Air Force (NASAF) Wellingtons bomb the harbor and airfield at
Pantelleria Island. During the day, NASAF and Northwest African Tactical
Air Force (NATAF) fighters follow with more attacks on the airfield.
    In Sardinia, P-40's, P-38's, B-25's, B-26's and B-17's, bomb targets
including Carloforte harbor, factories, hangars, and oil dump at Alghero
and the seaplane base at Porto Conte, the railroad bridge at Arbatax, the
area near Macomer, the town of Iglesias,the  harbor at La Maddalena
Island, harbor, warehouses, and dump at Terranova, and the airfield at
Olbia.

SOUTHWEST PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Fifth Air Force)
  In the Bismarck Archipelago, B-24's pound Lakunai Airfield at Rabaul
while B-25's hit the runway at Gasmata.
  In Timor, B-25's bomb Penfoei.

SOURCES:
AIR FORCE COMBAT UNITS OF WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force History,
  Headquarters USAF, 1961, ISBN 0-912799-02-1
COMBAT SQUADRONS OF THE AIR FORCE, WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force
  History, Headquarters USAF 1982
THE ARMY AIR FORCES IN WORLD WAR II: COMBAT CHRONOLOGY, 1941-1945 by the
  Office of Air Force History, Headquarters USAF, 1973
THE MIGHTY EIGHTH WAR DIARY by Roger A. Freeman, ISBN 1-85409-071-2

Jack McKillop
USAF (Airways and Air Communications Service)
1955-59


----------------------------------------------------------------------
|  Jack McKillop      |  Those who have long enjoyed such privileges |
|  Bellcore           |  as we enjoy forget in time that men have    |
|  Piscataway, NJ     |  died to win them.     FDR                   |
|  USA                |  jem3@cc.bellcore.com                        |
----------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

Date:    Mon, 24 May 1993 08:02:29 -0400
From:    jem3@CC.BELLCORE.COM
Subject: Discovery Channel

*******************************************************************
*******************************************************************
**                                                               **
**              JUNE, 1993 DISCOVERY CHANNEL SCHEDULE            **
**                                                               **
** Cable TV's Discovery Channel received in Canada and the U.S.  **
** that may of interest to the aviation, military, etc minded    **
** community.                                                    **
**                                                               **
**         All times are Eastern Daylight Time (EDT)             **
**                                                               **
*******************************************************************
*******************************************************************

THE ADVENTURERS
---------------
Episode 36 (hang gliding, air combat school, etc)
  Thu, Jun 24 2200-2230
  Fri, Jun 25 0100-0130

ARTHUR C. CLARKE'S MYSTERIOUS WORLD
-----------------------------------
UFOs
  Tue, Jun 15 2030-2100

ASSIGNMENT DISCOVERY
--------------------
Episode 222: America's involvement in Vietnam, 1959-1975
  Tue, Jun 1 0900-1000
Episode 231 (the Wright Brothers)
  Mon, Jun 14 0900-1000

BEYOND 2000
-----------
Episode 133 (USAF top guns)
  Thu, Jun 17 0100-0200

CARRIERS
--------
The Langley (USS Langley, CV-1)
  Sun, Jul 4 1730-1800

DISCOVERY JOURNAL
-----------------
Gitmo--Cold War in Cuba (Guantanamo Naval Base, Cuba)
  Sat, Jun 12 1700-1800
  Sun, Jun 13 0200-0300
  Sun, Jun 13 1300-1400

DISCOVERY PRESENTS: SURVIVAL
----------------------------
Air Disasters (49 airliner crashes 1979-1989)
  Tue, Jun 8 1900-2000
  Wed, Jun 9 0200-0300
On the Frontlines (Noramndy, Chosin Reservoir, Invasion of Panama)
  Fri, Jun 11 1900-2000
  Sat, Jun 12 0200-0300
Peril in the Pacific (Mar 45 in the Pacific)
  Thu, Jun 10 1900-2000
  Fri, Jun 11 0200-0300

DISCOVERY SHOWCASE
------------------
Attack on the Liberty (Israeli attack on USS Liberty in 1967)
  Mon, Jun 14 2100-2200
  Tue, Jun 15 0000-0100
  Sun, Jun 20 1400-1500
Pearl Harbor (7 Dec 41)
  Tue, Jun 1 0000-0100
  Sun, Jun 6 1400-1500

DISCOVERY SUNDAY
----------------
Wings of Eagles (National War Plane Museum, Geneseo, New York)
  Sun, Jul 4 2100-2200
  Mon, Jul 5 0000-0100

DISCOVERY UNDERWATER
--------------------
The Oldest Shipwrecks in the World (in Mediterranean)
  Thu, Jul 1 2200-2300
  Fri, Jul 2 0100-0200

FIREPOWER
---------
Electronic Eye (night vision equipment)
  Thu, Jun 24 2100-2130
  Fri, Jun 25 0000-0030
Royal Air Force
  Thu, Jul 2 2130-2200
  Fri, Jul 3 0030-0100
US Air Forces in Europe (USAFE)--Strike Force
  Thu, Jun 10 2100-2130
  Fri, Jun 11 0000-0030
The Wizard War (electronics on the battlefield)
  Thu, Jun 3 2100-2130
  Fri, Jun 4 0000-0030

FRONTIERS OF FLIGHT
-------------------
The Jet Airliner (Boeing 367-80)
  Sat, Jun 5 2100-2200
  Sun, Jun 6 0000-0100
The Last Great World Record (Rutan/Yeager flight around the world)
  Sat, Jun 26 2100-2200
  Sun, Jun 27 0000-0100
The Threshold of Space (X-15)
  Sat, Jun 12 2100-2200
  Sun, Jun 13 0000-0100
To Space and Back (the space shuttle)
  Sat, Jun 19 2100-2200
  Sun, Jun 20 0000-0100

GI DIARY
--------
Medal of Honor
  Thu, Jun 10 2130-2200
  Fri, Jun 11 0030-0100
Nightmare at San Pietro (Italy)
  Thu, Jun 24 2130-2200
  Fri, Jun 25, 0030-0100
Target Tokyo (B-29's and P-51's over Japan in 1945)
  Thu, Jun 3 2130-2200
  Fri, Jun 4 0030-0100

HITLER-THE WHOLE STORY
----------------------
Part 1 "Germany Awake!"
  Wed, Jun 23 2300-2400
Part 2
  Wed, Jun 30 2300-2400

HUNTERS IN THE SKY
------------------
Knights in the Sky (fighter pilots)
  Sun, Jul 4 1700-1730

INVENTION
---------
Episode 38 (Igor Sikorsky)
  Tue, Jun 29 2100-2130
  Wed, Jun 30 0000-0030

MONSTER-A PORTRAIT OF STALIN IN BLOOD
-------------------------------------
The Private Life of Joseph Stalin
  Tue, Jun 1 2200-2300
  Wed, Jun 2 0100-0200
  Sat, Jun 5 1600-1700

MOTHER NATURE
-------------
The Bird that beat the US Navy
  Wed, Jun 16 1800-1830

THE NATURE OF THINGS
--------------------
Air Crash (accident investigators)
  Sun, Jun 27 1900-2000
  Mon, Jun 28 0200-0300

SECRET WEAPONS
--------------
Fabulous Flops (those that did not make it)
  Fri, Jul 2 2100-2130
  Sat, Jul 3 0000-0030

SKYBOUND
--------
Airwork (fighting forest fires; rounding up cattle)
  Fri, Jun 18 2130-2200
  Sat, Jun 19 0030-0100
Free Flight (paragliding and hanggliding)
  Fri, Jun 25 2130-2200
  Sat, Jun 26 0030-0100
New Pioneers (test pilots)
  Fri, Jun 11 2130-2200
  Sat, Jun 12 0030-0100
Planes and Water (seaplanes)
  Fri, Jun 4 2130-2200
  Sat, Jun 5 0030-0100

WINGS
-----
A-26, Douglas Invader
  Sat, Jun 26 1300-1400
  Sun, Jun 27 1800-1900
B-1, Rockwell
  Sat, Jul 3 1300-1400
  Sun, Jul 4 1800-1900
B-57, Martin Canberra
  Wed, Jun 2 2100-2200
  Thu, Jun 3 0000-0100
F-5, Northrop Freedom Fighter
  Sat, Jun 12 1300-1400
  Sun, Jun 13 1800-1900
F-15, McDonnell Douglas Eagle
  Wed, Jun 9 2100-2200
  Thu, Jun 10 0000-0100
F-18, McDonnell Douglas Hornet
  Wed, Jun 16 2100-2200
  Thu, Jun 17 0000-0100
Lockheed Constellation
  Sat, Jun 5 1300-1400
  Sun, Jun 6 1800-1900
P-47, Republic Thunderbolt
  Wed, Jun 23 2100-2200
  Thu, Jun 24 0000-0100
PBY, Consolidated Catalina
  Sat, Jun 19 1300-1400
  Sun, Jun 20 1800-1900
Wings of Silver (F-117 and AWACS)
  Wed, Jun 30 2100-2200
  Thu, Jul 1 0000-0100

WINGS OF THE LUFTWAFFE
----------------------
Bf 109
  Sat, Jul 3 2100-2200
  Sun, Jul 4 0000-0100

WORLD OF VALOR
--------------
British Royal Marines
  Sun, Jul 4 1500-1530
German 1st Airborne
  Fri, Jun 11 2100-2130
  Sat, Jun 12 0000-0030
  Sun, Jun 13 1730-1800
Italian Alpini
  Fri, Jun 4 2100-2130
  Sat, Jun 5 0000-0030
  Sun, Jun 6 1730-1800
Soviet Airborne
  Fri, Jun 25 2100-2130
  Sat, Jun 26 0000-0030
  Sun, Jun 27 1730-1800
US Army Rangers
  Fri, Jun 18 2100-2130
  Sat, Jun 19 0000-0030

------------------------------

Date:    Mon, 24 May 1993 08:44:28 -0400
From:    jem3@CC.BELLCORE.COM
Subject: USAAF Aircraft Desigantion System

                 U.S. ARMY AIR FORCES AIRCRAFT DESIGNATIONS
                                 1939-1945

Each U.S. Army Air Force (USAAF) aircraft was assigned a unique designation
that identified it's intended purpose, model, series and special purpose.
This post identifies the coding system used during the period 1939 to 1945.
This coding system, which is still in use today by all branches of the U.S.
military, was introduced by the U.S. Army Air Service in May 1924; in 1941
additional characters were introduced to uniquely identify similar aircraft
and/or aircraft produced by different manufacturers.  The U.S. Air Force
was established on 26 Sep 47 and in 1948, a number of prefixes and type
symbols were changed notably "P" for pursuit was changed to "F" for
fighter; other changes to World War II codes are defined in the following
paragraphs.

The USAAF designation system only applied to aircraft ordered by the USAAF
and did not apply to foreign aircraft acquired by Reverse Lend-Lease,
e.g., the Spitfires, Beaufighters, Ansons, etc. acquired from the RAF
kept their RAF designation and usually their RAF serial number.

The USAAF/USAF aircraft designation consists of a minimum of two parts
and a maximum of six parts each of which is explained in the following
paragraphs.  As an example, consider Douglas TA-20K-15-DO Havoc, USAAF
serial number 44-731.  The six parts of the designation are indicated by
the number in parenthesis shown below; the number also identifies the
paragraph below which describes the entry.

                         T   A - 20  K -15 - DO
                        (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)

1. Status or special-purpose prefix (Optional)

The status or special-purpose prefix indicates the aircraft's
development, status and/or secondary purpose.  The first use of this code
was the letter "X" indicating an experimental aircraft, usually a
prototype.  The code was also used for production aircraft that were
modified for tests and the aircraft normally retained the X-prefix during
the tests.  For example, Boeing P-12E, s/n 31-553, was converted to an
XP-12E for development tests; when re-engined with an SR-1340E, it became
YP-12K; when equipped with a supercharger, it became XP-12L; and finally,
the aircraft was converted back to a "stock" P-12E.

The second code introduced was "Y" for service test.  If tests indicated
that the "X" model had promise, the USAAS/USAAC/USAAF would order between
two and 13 service test aircraft.  Many of these were assigned to active
duty squadrons who used them to determine their strengths and weaknesses.
For example, the USAAC ordered 13 Y1B-17's (the "1" in Y1B indicated
procurement from F-1 Funds; I don't understand it either!); many of these
aircraft were assigned to the 2d Bombardment Group at Langley Field,
Virginia for use and testing.  The last pre-World War II code was "Z"
indicating obsolete.

The codes used during the period 1939-45 are listed below along with an
example of an aircraft using the prefix.  This table indicates that the
TA-20K-15-DO was an A-20K-15-DO that had been modified as a trainer.

   C: Transport (1943 to date) (North American CB-25J Mitchell)
   F: Photographic (1945-47) (North American FP-51D Mustang)
   K: Ferret (1944-47) (?)
   R: Restricted (1942-47) (Lockheed RP-38E Lightning)
   T: Trainer (1943 to date) (Curtiss TP-40N)
   U: Utility (1941 to date) (Cessna UC-78 Bobcat)
   V: Staff transport (1945 to date) (Boeing VB-17G Flying Fortress)
   X: Experimental (1924 to date) (Boeing XB-29 Superfortress)
   Y: Service test (1928 to date) (Boeing YB-29 Superfortress)
   Z: Obsolete (1928-62) (?)

2. Type symbol (Required)

The type symbol identifies the basic purpose of the aircraft.  For example,
our TA-20K-15-DO was basically an attack aircraft ("A") that had been
modified into a trainer ("T").  The following letter(s) were assigned
during the period 1939-45; examples of an aircraft of each type is indicated.

  A: Attack (1926-47; to B in '48) (Douglas A-26 Invader; to B-26 in '48)
  A: Aerial target (1940-41) (Bell A-7 Airacobra)
  AG: Assault glider (1942-44) (Timm AG-2)
  AT: Advanced trainer (1925-47; to T in '48) (North American AT-6 Texan;
      to T-6 in '48)
  B: Bomber (1925 to date) (Martin B-26 Marauder)
  BC: Basic combat (1936-40) (North American BC-1)
  BG: Bomb glider (1942-44) (Fletcher BG-1)
  BQ: Bomb, guided (1942-45) (Boeing BQ-7 Flying Fortress)
  BT: Basic trainer (1930-47; to T in '48) (Vultee BT-13 Valiant; to T-13
      in '48)
  C: Transport (1925 to date) (Curtiss C-46 Commando)
  CG: Transport glider (1941-47; to G in '48) (Waco CG-4 Hadrian; to G-4
      in '48)
  CQ: Target Control (1942-47; became D-prefix in '48) (Beechcraft CQ-3
      Expeditor; to DC-45 in '48)
  F: Photographic (1930-47; to R-prefix in '48) (Boeing F-9 Flying Fortress;
     to FB-17 in '45 and RB-17 to '48)
  FG: Fuel-carrying glider (1944-47) (Cornelius FG-1)
  FM: Fighter, multiplace (1936-41) (Bell FM-1 Airacuda)
  G: Gyroplane (1935-39; to O and R in '39) (Kellett G-1; to R-2 in '41)
  GB: Glide bomb (1942-47)
  GT: Glide torpedo (1942-47)
  JB: Jet-propelled bomb (1943-47)
  L: Liaison (1942-62; to O in '62) (Piper L-4 Cub)
  O: Observation (1924-42; to L in '42) (Piper O-59 Cub; to L-4 in '42)
  OA: Observation, amphibian (1925-47; to A in '48) (Consolidated OA-10
      Catalina; to A-10 in '48)
  OQ: Target, flying model (1942-47; to Q in '48) (Frankfort OQ-3; to Q-3
      in '48)
  P: Pursuit (1925-47; to F in '48) (Republic P-47 Thunderbolt; to F-47
     in '48)
  PB: Pursuit, biplace (1935-41) (Consolidated PB-2)
  PG: Powered glider (1943-47; to G in '48) (Waco PG-3; to G-3 in '48)
  PQ: Aerial target, manned (1942-47; to Q in '48) (Culver PQ-14; to Q-14
      in '48)
  PT: Primary trainer (1925-47; to T in '48) (Fairchild PT-14 Cornell; to
      T-14 in '48)
  R: Rotary wing (1941-47; to H in '48) (Sikorsky R-5 Dragonfly; to H-5 in
     '48)
  TG: Trainer glider (1941-47) (Taylorcraft TG-6)

3. Model number (Required)

The model number indicates the number of different models that had been
ordered under each type designation, regardless of manufacturer.  For
example, the B-17 was the 17th bomber design; the P-40 the 40th fighter
design; our TA-20K-15-DO was the 20th attack aircraft; etc.

4. Series letter (Optional; required for the 2d and later aircraft in the
series)

The series letter was applied to the model number to indicate modifications
of the original model.  As a general rule, the letters "I" and "O" were not
used as series letters.  Normally, the first production aircraft did not
have a series letter and the second aircraft in the series was given an "A"
suffix, e.g., the first production Mustang was the P-51, the second was the
P-51A, etc.  Today, the first aircraft in the series is assigned the "A"
suffix, the second "B", etc.  I remember that one of the mandatory rules
for changing the series letter was the installation of a different engine
and/or propeller; I have been unable to verify this or any other rules.
The modification of the aircraft configuration was not necessarily enough
to cause a change in the letter, e.g., P-47D's were produced in both
razorback and bubble canopy versions.

In our example, the TA-20K-15-DO, the series was:

  A-20: first production aircraft
  A-20A: second production aircraft
  A-20B: third production aircraft
  A-20C: fourth production aircraft
  A-20D: projected version with different engines; never built
  A-20E: 17 converted A-20A's with different engines
  A-20F: 1 A-20A modified with new armament and turrets
  A-20G: fifth production aircraft with solid nose
  A-20H: sixth production aircraft
  A-20J: seventh production aircraft
  A-20K: eighth production aircraft

5. Block number (optional)

By 1941, the increasing complexity of aircraft made it desirable to
identify minor differences between aircraft without changing the series
letter.  Since these changes were normally made on a number of consecutive
aircraft in a particular production block, the term Block Number was used
to identify the differences.  The first block was identified by the numeric
"-1" as in P-40F-1-CU.  Initially, the second block of aircraft were to be
identified by "-2" but it was realized that this would preclude identifying
field modifications so the second block was identified as "-5" and then by
fives, i.e., "-10", "-15", etc.  The highest block numbers were assigned to
Consolidated B-24J-210-CO Liberators.

In our example, the TA-20K-15-DO was one of the 187 aircraft in the fourth
block of A-20K's built.

6. Manufacturer identification (required)

The large aircraft programs of World War II saw the same basic type of
aircraft being built by different companies and/or at different locations.
For example, Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress' were built by Boeing at Seattle,
Washington, by Douglas at Long Beach, California and by Lockheed (Vega) at
Burbank, California.  The North American P-51 Mustang was built at North
American's plants in Inglewood, California and Dallas, Texas.  In order
to identify who built the aircraft at which plant, a two-alpha manufacturer
identification code was created in 1941 and assigned to most aircraft.  The
only exception to this rule was when "one of a kind" aircraft were
procured, e.g., the students at the University of Notre Dame designed and
built one Model ND-1 single-seat sailplane that was "drafted" (conscripted)
in Fiscal Year 1942 and assigned the designation TG-21.  Since this was one
of a kind, a code indicating Notre Dame U was not created and the glider
was known simply as the TG-21.

The codes that were assigned during World War II are listed below.  In our
example, the TA-20K-15-DO was built by Douglas Aircraft Co. at their Santa
Monica, California plant.  The manufacturer's codes and the aircraft
produced or ordered at these locations are up through Fiscal Year 1945 are:

  AE: Aeronca Aircraft Corp., Middletown, Ohio (L-3, O-58, PT-19, PT-23,
      TG-5)
  AG: Air Glider, Inc., Akron, Ohio (TG-3)
  BA: Bell Aircraft Corp., Atlanta, Georgia (B-29)
  BB: Babcock Aircraft, Deland, Florida (CG-4)
  BE: Bell Aircraft Corp., Buffalo, New York (P-39, P-59, P-63, P-77, P-83)
  BH: Beech Aircraft Corp., Wichita, Kansas (A-38, AT-7, AT-10, AT-11,
      C-43, C-45, CQ-3, F-2)
  BL: Bellanca Aircraft, New Castle, Delaware (L-11)
  BN: Boeing Airplane Co., Renton, Washington (B-29, B-44, F-13)
  BO: Boeing Airplane Co., Seattle, Washington (A-20, B-17, B-29, B-38,
      B-39, B-40, BQ-7, C-73, C-75, C-97, C-98, C-105, C-108, F-9)
  BR: Briegleb Sailplane, Beverley Hills, California (TG-9, TG-1, TG-133)
  BS: Bowlus Sailplane, San Francisco, California (CG-7, CG-8, TG-12)
  BU: Budd Manufacturing, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (C-93)
  BW: Stearman Aircraft Division, Boeing Airplane Co., Wichita, Kansas
      (AT-15, B-29, BT-17, F-13, PT-13, PT-17, PT-18, PT-27)
  CA: Chase Aircraft Co., Inc., West Trenton, New Jersey (CG-14)
  CE: Cessna Aircraft Co., Wichita, Kansas (AT-8, AT-17, C-77, C-78,
      C-94, C-106, CG-4)
  CF: Consolidated-Vultee Aircraft Corp., Ft. Worth, Texas (AT-22, B-24,
      B-32, B-36, C-87, F-7)
  CH: Christoper Aircraft, St. Louis, Missouri (AG-1)
  CK: Curtiss-Wright Corp., Louisville, Kentucky (C-46, C-76)
  CL: Culver Aircraft, Wichita, Kansas (PQ-8, PQ-14)
  CM: Commonwealth Aircraft, Kansas City, Missouri (CG-3, CG-4)
  CO: Consolidated-Vultee Aircraft Corp., San Diego, California (B-24,
      B-32, B-41, B-46, BQ-8, C-99, F-7, OA-10, P-81)
  CR: Cornelius Aircraft, Dayton, Ohio (BG-3, FG-1)
  CS: Curtiss-Wright Corp., St. Louis, Missouri (A-25, A-40, AT-9, C-46,
      C-55, C-76, C-113)
  CU: Curtiss-Wright Corp., Buffalo, New York (C-46, P-36, P-40, P-46,
      P-47, P-53, P-55, P-60, P-62)
  DC: Douglas Aircraft Co., Chicago, Illinois (C-54)
  DE: Douglas Aircraft Co., El Segundo, California (A-20, A-24, A-26, A-33)
  DH: deHavilland Aircraft, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (F-8, PT-24)
  DK: Douglas Aircraft Co., Oklahoma City, Oklahoma (C-47, C-117)
  DL: Douglas Aircraft Co., Long Beach, California (A-20, A-26, B-17,
      C-47, C-74, C-110, CG-17, F-9)
  DO: Douglas Aircraft Co., Santa Monica, California (A-20, A-42, B-18,
      B-23, B-42, B-43, C-48, C-49, C-50, C-51, C-52, C-53, C-54, C-58,
      C-67, C-68, C-84, C-110, C-112, C-114, C-115, C-116, F-3, P-70)
  DT: Douglas Aircraft Co., Tulsa, Oklahoma (A-24, A-26, B-24, C-109)
  FA: The Fairchild Engine & Airplane Co., Hagerstown, Maryland (AT-13,
      AT-14, AT-21, BQ-3, C-61, C-82, C-86, C-88, C-96, PT-19, PT-23, PT-26)
  FB: The Fairchild Engine & Airplane Co., Burlington, North Carolina
      (AT-21)
  FE: Fleet Aviation Ltd., Fort Erie, Ontario, Canada (PT-23, PT-26)
  FL: Fleetwings, Inc., Bristol, Pennsylvania (A-39, BQ-1, BQ-2, BT-12,
      PQ-12)
  FO: Ford Motor Co., Willow Run, Michigan (B-24, C-109, CG-4, CG-13, PG-2)
  FR: Frankfort Sailplane, Joliet, Illinois (CG-1, CG-2, OQ-2, OQ-3,
      OQ-14, TG-1)
  FT: Fletcher Aircraft Corp., Pasadena, California (BG-1, BG-2, CQ-1)
  GA: G&A Aircraft Co, Willow Grove, Pennsylvania (CG-4, CG-16)
  GC: General Motors (Fisher), Cleveland, Ohio (P-74)
  GE: General Aircraft, Astoria, New York (CG-4)
  GM: General Motors (Fisher), Detroit, Michigan (P-74)
  GN: Gibson Refrigerator, Greenville, Michigan (CG-4)
  GR: Grumman Aircraft Corp., Bethpage, Long Island, New York (OA-9,
      OA-12, OA-13, OA-14)
  HI: Higgins Aircraft, Inc., New Orleans, Louisiana (C-46)
  HO: Howard Aircraft Corp., Chicago, Illinois (C-70, PT-23)
  HU: Hughes Aircraft Co., Culver City and San Diego, California (A-37, F-11)
  IN: Interstate Aircraft and Engineering, El Segundo, California (BQ-4,
      BQ-5, BQ-6, L-6, L-8, O-63)
  KE: Kellett Autogyro Corp., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (O-60, R-2, R-3,
      R-8, R-10)
  LK: Laister-Kauffman Aircraft Co., St. Louis, Missouri (CG-4, CG-10,
      TG-4, TG-20)
  LO: Lockheed Aircraft Corp., Burbank, California (A-28, A-29, AT-18,
      B-34, B-37, C-36, C-40, C-56, C-57, C-59, C-60, C-63, C-66, C-69,
      C-85, C-101, C-111, F-4, F-5, F-14, O-56, P-38, P-49, P-58, P-80)
  MA: The Glenn L. Martin Co., Baltimore, Maryland (A-30, AT-23, B-26,
      B-27, B-48)
  MC: McDonnell Aircraft Co., St. Louis, Missouri (P-67)
  MO: The Glenn L. Martin Co., Omaha, Nebraska (AT-23, B-26, B-29, B-33)
  NA: North American Aviation, Inc., Inglewood, California (A-27, A-36,
      AT-6, AT-24, B-25, B-28, B-45, BT-14, F-6, P-51, P-64, P-82)
  NC: North American Aviation, Inc., Kansas City, Kansas (B-25)
  ND: Noorduyn Aviation Co., Ltd., Montreal, Quebec (AT-16, C-64)
  NK: Nash-Kelvinator Corp., Detroit, Michigan (F-10, R-6)
  NO: Northrop Aircraft, Inc., Hawthorne, California (A-31, B-35, B-49,
      C-100, F-15, P-56, P-61, P-79)
  NT: North American Aviation, Inc., Dallas, Texas (AT-6, B-24, C-82,
      F-6, P-51)
  NW: Northwestern Aeronautical Corp., St. Paul, Minnesota (CG-4, CG-13,
      PG-1, PG-2)
  PI: Piper Aircraft Corp., Lockhaven, Pennsylvania (C-83, L-4, L-14,
      O-59, TG-8)
  PL: Platt-LePage Aircraft Co., Eddystone, Pennsylvania (R-1)
  PR: Pratt, Read & Co., Eddystone, Pennsylvania (CG-4, TG-32)
  RA: Republic Aviation, Evansville, Indiana (P-47)
  RD: Read-York, Inc., Kenosha, Wisconsin (CG-12)
  RE: Republic Aviation, Farmingdale, Long Island, New York (AT-12, F-12,
      P-43, P-47, P-72)
  RI: Ridgefield Manufacturing Co., Ridgeville, New Jersey (CG-4, PG-2)
  RO: Robertson Aircraft, St. Louis, Missouri (CG-4)
  RP: The Radioplane Co., Van Nuys, California (OQ-2, OQ-3, OQ-14)
  RY: Ryan Aeronautical Co., San Diego, California (L-10, PT-20, PT-21,
      PT-22, PT-25)
  SI: Sikorsky Aircraft Division of United Aircraft Corp., Stratford,
      Connecticut (OA-11, R-4, R-5, R-6, R-7)
  SL: St. Louis Aircraft, St. Louis, Missouri (CG-5, CG-6, PT-19, PT-23)
  SP: Spartan Aircraft, Tulsa, Oklahoma (C-71)
  SW: Schweizer Aircraft, Elmira, New York (TG-2, TG-3)
  TA: Taylorcraft Aviation, Alliance, Ohio (C-95, L-2, O-57, TG-6, TG-33)
  TI: Timm Aircraft, Van Nuys, California (AG-2, CG-4)
  UN: Universal Molded Products, Bristol, Virginia (L-7)
  VE: Lockheed (Vega) Aircraft Corp., Burbank, California (B-17, B-40, F-9)
  VI: Canadian Vickers, Ltd., Montreal, Quebec, Canada (OA-10)
  VN: Vultee Aircraft Corp., Nashville, Tennessee (A-31, A-35, BT-13, P-38)
  VU: Vultee Aircraft Corp., Downey, California (BT-15, P-54, P-66)
  VW: Stinson Aircraft Division of Consolidated Vultee Corp., Wayne,
      Michigan (AT-19, C-81, C-91, CQ-2, L-1, L-5, L-9, L-12, L-13, O-49,
      O-62)
  WA: Ward Furniture Co., Fort Smith Arkansas (CG-4)
  WO: Waco Aircraft Co., Troy, Ohio (C-62, C-72, CG-3, CG-4, CG-13, CG-15,
      PG-3)


----------------------------------------------------------------------
|  Jack McKillop      |  Those who have long enjoyed such privileges |
|  Bellcore           |  as we enjoy forget in time that men have    |
|  Piscataway, NJ     |  died to win them.     FDR                   |
|  USA                |  jem3@cc.bellcore.com                        |
----------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

Date:    Mon, 24 May 1993 09:56:39 MDT
From:    Steve Alvin <STEPHEN_ALVIN@DSU1.DSU.NODAK.EDU>
Subject: Re: USAAF Aircraft Desigantion System

Thanks Jack for this article, I've always wanted something like this
in short, easily accessable form!

But, (you probably guessed there would be a "but") what then was an
"LB-30" bomber you mentioned in one of today's combat chronologies?

Thanks,

Steve Alvin
Dickinson State University
STEPHEN_ALVIN@DSU1.DSU.NODAK.EDU
**********************************************************************
*Those who fail to remember history are doomed to repeat it.--Proverb*
*Those who fail to remember history are doomed to repeat my class.-SA*
**********************************************************************

------------------------------

Date:    Mon, 24 May 1993 12:56:45 -0400
From:    jem3@CC.BELLCORE.COM
Subject: Re: USAAF Aircraft Desigantion System


        Thanks Jack for this article, I've always wanted something like this
        in short, easily accessable form!

        But, (you probably guessed there would be a "but") what then was an
        "LB-30" bomber you mentioned in one of today's combat chronologies?

        Thanks,

        Steve Alvin
        Dickinson State University
        STEPHEN_ALVIN@DSU1.DSU.NODAK.EDU
        **********************************************************************
        *Those who fail to remember history are doomed to repeat it.--Proverb*
        *Those who fail to remember history are doomed to repeat my class.-SA*
        **********************************************************************

Steve,

You are not the first one to ask about the LB-30; the LB-30 was an
RAF designation as I describe in the following blurb I prepared last
year.

                   THE CONSOLIDATED LB-30 LIBERATOR

In late 1938, the US Army Air Corps (USAAC) approached Consolidated
Aircraft with a request to build the Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress under
contract to provide an additional production line; in January 1939,
Consolidated suggested to the USAAC that they build a long-range bomber
superior to the B-17.  On 1 Feb 39, the USAAC issued Type Specification
C-212 to Consolidated, Martin and Sikorsky for a new heavy bomber.  Since
they only had three weeks to respond, and Consolidated already had a
mock-up, it was no surprise that Consolidated signed a contract on 30 Mar
39 for a one prototype XB-24 to be completed by 30 Dec 39.  In Apr 39,
Consolidated received an order for seven YB-24s; in Aug 39, an order for 38
B-24As was placed by the USAAC.  The prototype XB-24 made it's first flight
(17 minutes) on 29 Dec 39 at San Diego.

In April 1940, the French ordered 175 export versions, the LB-30MF (Mission
Francais), the LB-30 representing the 30th project in Consolidated's Land
Bomber project series.  With the fall of France in Jun 40, the Brits took
over 135 of the orders with the designation LB-30.  The Brits requested
that their aircraft be equipped with self-sealing fuel tanks, armor plating
and tail and dorsal power-operated turrets.  Since all of the aircraft
would have to be modified to meet these requirements, the RAF swung a deal
with the USAAC to take 26 early B-24s in exchange for 26 LB-30s.  The first
six of the 26 were YB-24s (designated LB-30As) with the addition of
de-icers but no wing slots and without self sealing tanks.  The first of
these aircraft was flown across the Atlantic in Mar 41; all six were placed
in service with the Trans-Atlantic Return Ferry Service between Prestwick,
Scotland, Newfoundland and Montreal, Quebec.  The aircraft were initially
operated by British Overseas Airways Corp (BOAC), and later by RAF Ferry
Command, to fly ferry-pilots to Canada to pick up U.S. aircraft for
delivery to the RAF.  The first flight from the UK to Canada took place on
4 May 41.

Starting in Mar 41, 20 LB-30Bs (B-24A conversions) were delivered to the
RAF as Liberator Mk Is and equipped Coastal Command's No. 120 Squadron at
Nutts Corner, County Antrim, Northern Ireland.  These aircraft were
equipped with ASV radar, six 303 caliber machine guns and a tray of four or
six 20mm cannon under the fuselage.

In May 41, the USAAC accepted the remaining YB-24s equipped with
self-sealing tanks and armor plating and, beginning in mid-1941, nine
B-24As.  The latter aircraft were used by the fledgling Ferrying Command
over the North and South Atlantic routes beginning on 1 Jul 41 and 31 Aug
41 respectively.

The next RAF aircraft was the LB-30 Liberator Mk II which was 2ft 7in
longer lengthening the aircraft to 66ft 4in.  This aircraft also had
mid-upper and tail electrical turrets, 14x303 caliber machine guns and
commercial R-1830-S3C4-G engines.  The 139 Liberator IIs were intended for
the service with the RAF in the Middle East but after Pearl Harbor, the US
Army Air Forces (USAAF) "drafted" 75 of them.  Fifteen of these aircraft,
retaining their RAF serial numbers and the designation LB-30, were
dispatched to the Philippine Islands but they never made it.  Four
eventually reached the 7th Bombardment Group (Heavy) in Java and the first
mission flown by the USAAF LB-30s was on 17 Jan 42 when the 7th Bomb Group,
operating from Singosari Airfield, Java flew a combat mission against the
Japanese.  Another 17 LB-30s, fitted with British ASV radar and Martin top
turret, were assigned to the Sixth Air Force in the Canal Zone for shipping
patrols.  In 1944, six of these aircraft were converted to C-87 Liberator
transports.

In Alaska, the 36th Bombardment Squadron (Heavy) was equipped with six
Douglas B-18 Bolos on 7 Dec 41.  By the end of Dec, their complement of
aircraft had been supplemented by one LB-30 plus B-17s.  The squadron had
received more B-24s by Jun 42 and during 1942, was joined by the B-24
equipped 21st and 404th Bombardment Squadrons (Heavy).  LB-30s also served
in Hawaii and flew ASW patrols from Hickam Field until replaced by B-24s.
The fate of the one LB-30 in Alaska is unknown.

------------------------------

Date:    Mon, 24 May 1993 18:23:08 EDT
From:    "AD16000@NEMOMUS.BITNET. --Scherrer,
         Tim A." <AD16%NEMOMUS.BITNET@UBVM.CC.BUFFALO.EDU>
Subject: 20/20 REPORT

Over a few drinks Saturday night, me and a buddy of mine were
discussingthe Battle of the North Atlantic.  I then began talking about
_Operation Drumbeat_, and what a tremendous book it is.  A friend
sitting at the table said "Yeah, that is a tremendous book, but it's
information is obsolete." I said, "Pardon me".  He replied that he had
seen a report on the ABC news magazine 20/20 that had new information
that made previous reports on the U-Boat war outdated.  I asked for
specifics, and he said the information came from the former East
Germany, and had to do with new weapons.  He couldn't be specific.

Did anybody see this report???  Was there anything that earth-shaking in
it that would make accounts of the U-Boot war obsolete??  Inquiring
minds want to know!!!!

Tim

************************************************************************
*  Tim A. Scherrer          "You'll be fighting WWII for the rest of   *
*  Facilities Supervisor     your life", Ron Scherrer, 1971            *
*  WP:816-785-5253                                                     *
*  HP:816-665-6704                                                     *
*  ID# AD16%NEMOMUS@ACADEMIC.NEMOSTATE.EDU                             *
************************************************************************

------------------------------

Date:    Mon, 24 May 1993 18:40:17 EDT
From:    "AD16000@NEMOMUS.BITNET. --Scherrer,
         Tim A." <AD16%NEMOMUS.BITNET@UBVM.CC.BUFFALO.EDU>
Subject: AOB--ETO

My present project for the World War II Airman's Preservation Society is
to recreate a WWIIAAF S-2 Intelligence shop for the 91st Bomb Group
(Heavy), stationed at Bassinbourn, England.  I have ordered some
references and reprints of WWII manuals.  There are several aspects I am
working at once.  Here they are---

1.  WWII S-2 Intelligence manuals--anybody know where I can get some
good original or reprint manuals that would be in a S-2 shop.  I've
ordered some of the standard reprints--like the War Depart. Manual of
German Forces, Army-Navy Recognition Journal, ID of German Aircraft.
Anybody know of any good sources to purchase additional related titles.

2.  Aircraft identification posters--prefer reprints---'42-45 era, ETO

3.  Large and small WWII era maps of Europe--large ones for briefing,
small ones for shop usage.  Prefer reprints.

4.  World War II Era Imagery, or good prints that could be enlarged for
the purpose of building target folders and briefing.  Prefer photos from
the 7th Photo Group, which was the 8th AF recon source, but at this
point I'm not picky.

5.  AAA order of battle for Western Europe (area serviced by 8th AF).  I
would prefer US listing of order of battle over actual AAAOB (what 8th
AF thought was there versus what was really there--but I'm not
picky)--time frame--43, 44, 45.

6.  Air Order of Battle--again, what 8th AF thought was there, not
actually was there.

7.  Good, WWII mock-up aircraft (B-17, Focke-Wolf, ME-109, ME-110), for
the purpose of debriefing aircrews, and training sessions.

8.  A USAAF bicycle--what was used at airfields around England.

Not much, eh???  Having put these types of impressions together before,
you have to attack them at several angles at once to get results.

If anybody knows of any specifics, please contact me direct, or on the
conference.

Tim

************************************************************************
*  Tim A. Scherrer          "You'll be fighting WWII for the rest of   *
*  Facilities Supervisor     your life", Ron Scherrer, 1971            *
*  WP:816-785-5253                                                     *
*  HP:816-665-6704                                                     *
*  ID# AD16%NEMOMUS@ACADEMIC.NEMOSTATE.EDU                             *
************************************************************************

------------------------------

Date:    Mon, 24 May 1993 21:17:37 +0100
From:    Bob Smart <bsmart@VERDIX.COM>
Subject: First use of Napalm

 On another list there is a discussion going on about Napalm and it's first
use.  Can someone here tell me Where and when? I would actually like to know
first use in both ETO & PTO ( what about CBI?)

Thanks

Bob Smart (bsmart@verdix.com)

------------------------------

Date:    Mon, 24 May 1993 22:32:40 EDT
From:    John Sherwood <WG015C@GWUVM.GWU.EDU>
Subject: Re: AOB--ETO

Have you called the Center for Air Force History: (202)-767-0412. Ask for
Mark.

------------------------------

Date:    Mon, 24 May 1993 22:50:41 EDT
From:    John Sherwood <WG015C@GWUVM.GWU.EDU>
Subject: Re: First use of Napalm

I couldn't find when napalm was first used but I did find out who
invented the weapon.  According to Ronald Schaffer in *Wings of
Judgement*, "The National Defense Research Committee, esatblished in
1940 to coordinated the military work of American scientists, created
an incendiary weapons section. NDRC specialists worked with the Arthur D.
Little Company, the E. I. du Pont Corporation, Eastman Kodak, the Standard
Oil Development Company, and other chemical suppliers and users to
develop a fire weapon. The Standard Oil Group soon devised a small,
extremely efficient bomb, designated the M-69, which ejected napalm
from its tail. This was the jellied gasoline product created chiefly
by Harvard University chemist Louis Fieser, a leading figure in the NDRC
incendiary program."(p,108)

------------------------------

End of WWII-L Digest - 23 May 1993 to 24 May 1993
*************************************************

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Status: O

There are 29 messages totalling 836 lines in this issue.

Topics of the day:

  1. First use of Napalm (2)
  2. USAAF Aircraft Desigantion System (15)
  3. USAAF 25 MAY 43
  4. The German Carrier Zepplin (2)
  5. German carrier aircraft (3)
  6. F-19 (was: USAAF Aircraft Desigantion System) (2)
  7. F-19/F-117 (3)
  8. Enola Gay

----------------------------------------------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 25 May 1993 08:49:48 +0100
From:    Mike Hoffmann <Mike.Hoffmann@AP.MCHP.SNI.DE>
Subject: Re: First use of Napalm

>  On another list there is a discussion going on about Napalm and it's first
> use.  Can someone here tell me Where and when? I would actually like to know
> first use in both ETO & PTO ( what about CBI?)

I hate it when this happens: I know I just read about this 2 days ago, but the
book is at home, while I'm at work...

If I remember correctly the first use of Napalm in the ETO was during Overlord,
where the Allies tried to bring down the garrison on one of the besieged
Channel islands (something starting with a "C" or "S" and a French name,
close to the coast).

Darn... :-)
Mike

--
Mike Hoffmann - Internet Administrator, Siemens-Nixdorf AG, SNI AP 712
INTERNET: Mike.Hoffmann@ap.mchp.sni.de
Or what if, God forbid, a show decides to drop GERMAN cuisine, a single portion
of which, scientists calculate, would create a crater the size of Lake Erie?
(Laugh if you will, but experts believe that Saddam Hussein has obtained
virtually all of the components necessary to construct a knockwurst.) (D.Barry)

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 25 May 1993 03:03:45 -0400
From:    John Peterson <PETERSJL3522@SNYONEVA.BITNET>
Subject: Re: USAAF Aircraft Desigantion System

     I have a question about this post that I hope someone can answer.
In the listing for the first field of the designation, the special-service
designation, the letter 'K' was designated as 'Ferret' and listed in use
only until 1947.  I always thought that the 'K' was the tanker designation,
ie KC-10, KC-135, KA-6D, etc.  Am I wrong or was this just overlooked?
(oops--the KA-6D is Navy, but the idea is consistent. Sorry! =) )

John Peterson
PETERSJL3522@SNYONEVA.CC.ONEONTA.EDU

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 25 May 1993 07:57:20 -0400
From:    jem3@CC.BELLCORE.COM
Subject: Re: USAAF Aircraft Desigantion System

             I have a question about this post that I hope someone can answer.
        In the listing for the first field of the designation, the special-service
        designation, the letter 'K' was designated as 'Ferret' and listed in use
        only until 1947.  I always thought that the 'K' was the tanker designation,
        ie KC-10, KC-135, KA-6D, etc.  Am I wrong or was this just overlooked?
        (oops--the KA-6D is Navy, but the idea is consistent. Sorry! =) )

        John Peterson
        PETERSJL3522@SNYONEVA.CC.ONEONTA.EDU

The US Army/USAF have used at least five different designation
systems since the first aircraft was purchased in 1909.  The first
method was to call the aircraft by the manufacturers designation,
e.g., Wright Model B, etc.; this system was in effect until around
1919/1920.  The second system was similar to the current system but had
many subdivisions, e.g., PW for a pursuit aircraft with a water-cooled
engine.  The third system was the one I described in my post.  With
this system, the USAAF used the K-prefix for ferrets until the
fourth system was introduced in 1948 although I have yet to find any
aircraft that used the K-prefix.  In 1948, after the USAF had become
independent, they revised/deleted many codes, e.g., deleting A for
attack, changing P for pursuit to F for fighter, etc.  (Remember, until
1962 the USN/USMC/USCG had their own designation system so any changes
the USAF made were only applicable to USAF and US Army aircraft.)  When
tankers were introduced sometime after 1948, the K-prefix was added to
indicate that function.  The fifth and current system was introduced
in 1962 when all branches of the military adopted the USAF system
and the USN/USMC/USCG redesignated all of their aircraft, e.g.,
R4D's became C-47's.

Hope this helps.  If you need any additional information, please
contact me via e-mail.


----------------------------------------------------------------------
|  Jack McKillop      |  Those who have long enjoyed such privileges |
|  Bellcore           |  as we enjoy forget in time that men have    |
|  Piscataway, NJ     |  died to win them.     FDR                   |
|  USA                |  jem3@cc.bellcore.com                        |
----------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 25 May 1993 07:57:24 -0400
From:    jem3@CC.BELLCORE.COM
Subject: USAAF 25 MAY 43

COMBAT CHRONOLOGY OF THE US ARMY AIR FORCES
TUESDAY, 25 MAY 1943
FTP SITES
  1. ftp.rutgers.edu in directory pub/wwii/usaf
  2. byrd.mu.wvnet.edu (129.71.32.152) in pub/history/military/airforce/
     wwii_chronology

AIRCRAFT MENTIONED IN THIS REPORT:
  B-24, Consolidated Liberator
  B-25, North American Mitchell
  P-38, Lockheed Lightning
  P-40, Curtiss
  Wellington, Vickers (RAF)

AMERICAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Eleventh Air Force)
  In the Aleutians, 12 B-25's and 15 B-24's fly air-ground support and 4
B-24's and 20 P-38's fly air cover, all over Attu. 18 P-40's fly 1
reconnaissance and 2 attack missions to Kiska and Little Kiska.

CHINA-BURMA-INDIA THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  BURMA-INDIA (Tenth Air Force)
    HQ 341st Bombardment Group (Medium) and it's 490th Bombardment
Squadron (Medium) transfer to Kurmitola, India. Group HQ transfers from
Chakulia, India while the 490th, which has been operating from Chakulia,
India since 20 May, transfers with B-25's from Ondal, India.

MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Ninth Air Force)
    B-24's attack the Messina, Italy ferry docks and railroad yards.

  WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Northwest African Air Force)
    In Sardinia during the night of 24/25 May, Wellingtons bomb the docks
and marshalling yard at Olbia. Northwest African Strategic Air Force
(NASAF) fighters, medium and heavy bombers bomb Portoscuso, Porto
Empedocle, Boccadifalco Airfield, Licata harbor, and Milo Airfield.
    In the Mediterranean, Northwest African Tactical Air Force (NATAF) and
NASAF P-40's and B-25's hit the airfield, shipping, and military
concentrations on Pantelleria Island.
    In Italy, NASAF fighter, medium and heavy bombers bomb Terranova, a
tunnel near Macomer, and Messina.

SOUTHWEST PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Fifth Air Force)
  Single heavy bombers bomb coastal airfields and villages; in New Guinea
they hit Madang, Kakakog, and Simbang; in the Bismarck Archipelago, they
hit Cape Gloucester and attack barges off Gavuvu.

SOURCES:
AIR FORCE COMBAT UNITS OF WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force History,
  Headquarters USAF, 1961, ISBN 0-912799-02-1
COMBAT SQUADRONS OF THE AIR FORCE, WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force
  History, Headquarters USAF 1982
THE ARMY AIR FORCES IN WORLD WAR II: COMBAT CHRONOLOGY, 1941-1945 by the
 Office of Air Force History, Headquarters USAF, 1973
THE MIGHTY EIGHTH WAR DIARY by Roger A. Freeman, ISBN 1-85409-071-2

Jack McKillop
USAF (Airways and Air Communications Service)
1955-59


----------------------------------------------------------------------
|  Jack McKillop      |  Those who have long enjoyed such privileges |
|  Bellcore           |  as we enjoy forget in time that men have    |
|  Piscataway, NJ     |  died to win them.     FDR                   |
|  USA                |  jem3@cc.bellcore.com                        |
----------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 25 May 1993 07:53:39 +0100
From:    Bob Smart <bsmart@VERDIX.COM>
Subject: Re: USAAF Aircraft Desigantion System

>      I have a question about this post that I hope someone can answer.
> In the listing for the first field of the designation, the special-service
> designation, the letter 'K' was designated as 'Ferret' and listed in use
> only until 1947.  I always thought that the 'K' was the tanker designation,
> ie KC-10, KC-135, KA-6D, etc.  Am I wrong or was this just overlooked?
> (oops--the KA-6D is Navy, but the idea is consistent. Sorry! =) )
>
> John Peterson
> PETERSJL3522@SNYONEVA.CC.ONEONTA.EDU
You are possibly crossing several eras here There was a designater change in
the Army Air Force/ Air Force right after WW2 ( I think in 47) that dropped the
A- for attack/light bomber series changed P - for Pursuit to F for Fighter,
changed F for Photo Recon to R for Recon, and a bunch of other changes.
The K for ferret ( electronic snooping) probably became the E series (EB-29,
EC-135)

There was then the combining of all DoD numbering schemes in the early '60s
that didn't change to many Air Force designators but played havoc with the Army
& Navy systems. That is when the A3D became the A-3, the WF became the E-1, and
the A2F became the A-6. ( In the Air Force the F-110 became the F-4)

I beleive K originally stood for converted although every conversion it was
used with was to a tanker ( KB-29, KB-50) and most of it's use was on new built
aircraft as tankers ( KC-97, KC-135) I think eventually the system was
officially changed so K is the designator for tanker

I have a pretty complete list of both systems at home if you need it ( and no
one else posts it first :-))

Bob Smart (bsmart@verdix.com)

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 25 May 1993 07:50:02 EDT
From:    John Sherwood <WG015C@GWUVM.GWU.EDU>
Subject: Re: First use of Napalm

I am anxiously awaiting your findings on the napalm issue.
Interesting enough, I discovered a few more clues as to who
the initial proponents of napalm were.  Apparently, one of the biggest
advocates of napalm was Horation Bond, the chief engineer of the
National Fire Protection Association. Bond claimed "it was
necessary for those of us familiar with fire destruction to try
to keep constant pressure on the Air Force and their scientific
advisors to get on with the business of exploiting fire attack
to bring about the end of the war."  The 8th Air Force, though, continued
to rely primarily on high explosives until the British fire bombing of
Hamburg. That raid convinced the 8th to employ more fire bombs. Hence,
from 250 tons in July of 1943, before the Hamburg raid, the weight of
incendiaries delivered by the 8th rose to 5000 a month by the end of 44
and peaked at 7,726 in March of 45.

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 25 May 1993 10:32:51 -0400
From:    "M. Joseph Barone" <m1b@RAYSSD.SSD.RAY.COM>
Subject: Re: USAAF Aircraft Desigantion System

> In the Air Force the F-110 became the F-4.

Why were fighter numbers rolled back?  Did someone not like three
digits?  Why is there still an F-111 and F-117 (which isn't much
of an F!)?

Sorry for being off-topic.
--
Joe Barone
m1b@rayssd.ssd.ray.com
You're a good man, Mulligan.

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 25 May 1993 11:32:58 -0400
From:    John Peterson <PETERSJL3522@SNYONEVA.BITNET>
Subject: Re: USAAF Aircraft Desigantion System

Bob and Jack:
     Thanks for the further explanation.  I had forgotten about the
consolidation in 1962 of all military designators.  I knew the USN and
USAF used to use differing designations, and I was pretty sure they
were the same now, but not positive.  I'd have looked it up, but all
my research material isn't mine, it belongs to my father! :)
Bob, I would like to see the listings of the systems, please do post
them when you get a chance, I'd appreciate it.
     Thanks again for clearing things up!

John Peterson
PETERSJL3522@SNYONEVA.CC.ONEONTA.EDU

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 25 May 1993 12:51:07 EDT
From:    S214000 <S214@NMUMUS.BITNET>
Subject: Re: The German Carrier Zepplin

Hello Everyone,
I have a question that I hope someone can answer. I just recently dis-
covered a copy of Janes Fighting Ships from 1939 and noticed that the
Germans had built or were completing the construction of the carrier
Graf Zepplin. According to Janes it would carry 40 aircraft. My
questionwhat would the aircraft have been, whether in development or
modify current models  ie.. Me-109, Fw-190, etc.., and what happened to
the ship itself? Thanks, Mike Wilson, NMU

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 25 May 1993 13:47:48 +0100
From:    Bob Smart <bsmart@VERDIX.COM>
Subject: Re: USAAF Aircraft Desigantion System

> > In the Air Force the F-110 became the F-4.
>
> Why were fighter numbers rolled back?  Did someone not like three
> digits?  Why is there still an F-111 and F-117 (which isn't much
> of an F!)?
 The Navy already had Phantoms in use as F4H's, while the Air Force was just
beginning to introduce it as the F-110 ( I think the AF named it Spectre) as
part of the joint numbering scheme the Phantom series became the F-4 with the
Air Force model becoming the F-4C and the Navy model being F-4B.

There were some pretty bizarre numbering incidents as the services worked out
the joint numbering plan (Planes that were no longer in the inventory being
given numbers, new planes being given old series numbers)

>
> Sorry for being off-topic.
 Don't sweat it, things have been slow on the list :-)

Bob Smart (bsmart@verdix.com

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 25 May 1993 14:04:00 -0400
From:    jem3@CC.BELLCORE.COM
Subject: Re: USAAF Aircraft Desigantion System


        > In the Air Force the F-110 became the F-4.

        Why were fighter numbers rolled back?  Did someone not like three
        digits?  Why is there still an F-111 and F-117 (which isn't much
        of an F!)?

        Sorry for being off-topic.
        --
        Joe Barone
        m1b@rayssd.ssd.ray.com
        You're a good man, Mulligan.

The renumbering occurred in 1962 when the USN/USMC/USCG got smart
and adopted the USAF system of aircraft designations.  The Phantom
was a Navy aircraft and the USAF had borrowed some for testing and
designated them F-110.  In 1962, the Navy had to redesignate all
their aircraft to meet the USAF standard and the F4H Phantom
became the F-4; when the USAF finally bought some, they used the
universal designateion F-4 instead of F-110.  Since the F-111 was
strictly a USAF aircraft, it was never redesignated; same for the
F-117 however I think that security might also be involved, you know,
everything went back to a low number and there were no holes in the
numbering scheme so everyone will forget that we were in the hundreds
series before the rollback.

With this redesignation in '62, all counters were reset to "1" for
any aircraft not already ordered.  That's why we went from B-70 to
B-1, C-141 to C-5, T-45 to T-1, etc.

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 25 May 1993 15:29:22 -0400
From:    John Peterson <PETERSJL3522@SNYONEVA.BITNET>
Subject: Re: USAAF Aircraft Desigantion System

Bob:
     OK, you explained the F-110/F-4 question.  Do you (or anyone else)]
know what the happed to the 100 series?  Why is it still used in some
cases and not in others?  Are the F-117 and F-111 models left from the
time when they were used?  This has always confused me, since I thought
the 111 and 117 were fairly recent developments.  Or is it just that
the EF-111 is the newer elint version? Help!!!

John Peterson
PETERSJL3522@SNYONEVA.CC.ONEONTA.EDU

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 25 May 1993 15:45:08 -0400
From:    jem3@CC.BELLCORE.COM
Subject: Re: USAAF Aircraft Desigantion System

        Bob:
             OK, you explained the F-110/F-4 question.  Do you (or anyone else)]
        know what the happed to the 100 series?  Why is it still used in some
        cases and not in others?  Are the F-117 and F-111 models left from the
        time when they were used?  This has always confused me, since I thought
        the 111 and 117 were fairly recent developments.  Or is it just that
        the EF-111 is the newer elint version? Help!!!

        John Peterson
        PETERSJL3522@SNYONEVA.CC.ONEONTA.EDU

This is Jack.

The F-111 design originated when MacNamara was SecDef under Kennedy
or Johnson so the basic F-111 is almost 30 years old.  This design
was to be MacNamara's answer to both the USAF and USN
fighter-bomber needs but only the USAF bought it.  The EF-111A
Sparkvarks were F-111A's that were upgraded into electronic
aircraft in the last 10 years.

I don't have enough info on the F-117 to determine when the
designation was first assigned.

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 25 May 1993 15:05:04 -0400
From:    "Dennis E. Sparks" <SPARKS@CAER.UKY.EDU>
Subject: German carrier aircraft

Regarding the question posted about what aircraft would have
been used on the Graf Zeppelin, Germany's aircraft carrier...

A number of Messerschmitt Bf 109T (T = trager, or carrier)
aircraft were constructed in anticipation of completion of the
Graf Zeppelin.  These were essentially a Bf 109E (-4?) with
tailhooks and extended, foldable wings.  With work stopped
on the ship, the aircraft were used as land based fighters in
Norway.

Fiesler (?) built a biplane dive bomber with folding wings,
(Fi 167 ?, sorry, I don't have my books here at work), but
I believe a navalized Junkers Ju 87 Stuka was proposed to
replace the biplane.

If you want, I'll look up details tonight and post them on
Wednesday.

Dennis E. Sparks
SPARKS@CAER.UKY.EDU
Lexington, Kentucky

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 25 May 1993 16:26:08 EDT
From:    S214000 <S214@NMUMUS.BITNET>
Subject: German carrier aircraft

Hi Dennis,
Yes, could you send the particulars about the aircraft. Where would I
beable to find pictures or drawings of these aircraft and the carrier?
Thanks, Mike@NMU

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 25 May 1993 16:34:48 -0400
From:    Bob Smart <bsmart@VERDIX.COM>
Subject: Re: USAAF Aircraft Desigantion System

> Bob:
>      OK, you explained the F-110/F-4 question.  Do you (or anyone else)]
> know what the happed to the 100 series?  Why is it still used in some
> cases and not in others?  Are the F-117 and F-111 models left from the
> time when they were used?  This has always confused me, since I thought
> the 111 and 117 were fairly recent developments.  Or is it just that
> the EF-111 is the newer elint version? Help!!!

As someone else eloquaontly explained there is some belief that the F-117 was a
security misdirection ( Testors actually marketed an F-19 stealth fighter model
that is way off base :-))

The F-111 is one of those that seemed to show that the Air Force didn't
completly go along with the renumbering. It was an early 60s program but I
thought it was started late enough that it should have gotten a new series
number. After all the Lockheed a-11 fighter direvitive was numbered YF-12 and I
believe it preceeded the F-111( what was the F-13 anyway :-) The EF-111 is just
a reuse of old airframes in a new role. I'm feeling old I remember seeing the
C-5 and the F-111 at an airshow at Dulles when they were both brand new.
We've become jaded seeing 747s and DC-10s. Fat Albert looked HUGE as it did
it's flyby. Lockheed had a Jetstar Biz-Jet doing a fly-by at the same time.
The Jetstar appeared to be screaming down the  show line. Then here comes Fat
Albert, lumbering along, looking like it is barely staying in the air. It
lumbers right past the Jetstar. As soon as the C-5 left the Jetstar in it's
wake the Jetstar appeared to be going fast again.

Oh well back to work

Bob Smart (bsmart@verdix.com)

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 25 May 1993 17:02:07 -0400
From:    John Peterson <PETERSJL3522@SNYONEVA.BITNET>
Subject: Re: USAAF Aircraft Desigantion System

Bob:
    Uh oh!  You mentioned something ELSE I've been wondering about
(I do a lot of wondering :) ).  The F-19 -- what is it,is it real,'
does it exist only on paper????  Several years ago I remember Microprose
marketing a simulation for the "F-19 Stealth Fighter" --OK, I'll admit
I remember because I bought a copy!  Anyway, it looked quite different
than the F-117.  The only real place I recall seeing the F-19 mentioned
was in Tom Clancy's novel "Red Storm Rising", in which they were called
"frisbees".  But very little is said about them, and I know I've never
seen one, unlike the 117.  And in regards to the 117, why would a higher
number be for security purposes?  Or is it supposed to be psychological?
     Thanks to you and to Jack for answering my questions, and to
everyone else for putting up with them!!

Always curious,
John Peterson
PETERSJL3522@SNYONEVA.CC.ONEONTA.EDU

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 25 May 1993 17:25:28 +0100
From:    Bob Smart <bsmart@VERDIX.COM>
Subject: Re: German carrier aircraft

> Hi Dennis,
> Yes, could you send the particulars about the aircraft. Where would I
> beable to find pictures or drawings of these aircraft and the carrier?
> Thanks, Mike@NMU

There is some pretty good information on the German & Italian carriers in
Aircraft Carriers by Polmar. This book dates from ~1970 and I wish my local
library had it. I used to use it all the time. Very good with lots of photos
of various 'weird configurations' ( Like the 'flexible deck' experiments of
the late 40s and C-130s landing on Forrestal class carriers)

Bob Smart  (bsmart@verdix.com)

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 25 May 1993 23:08:56 +0200
From:    Emmanuel Gustin <gustin@EVS2.UIA.AC.BE>
Subject: Re: USAAF Aircraft Desigantion System

>     Uh oh!  You mentioned something ELSE I've been wondering about
> (I do a lot of wondering :) ).  The F-19 -- what is it,is it real,'
> does it exist only on paper????  Several years ago I remember Microprose
> marketing a simulation for the "F-19 Stealth Fighter" --OK, I'll admit
> I remember because I bought a copy!  Anyway, it looked quite different
> than the F-117.  The only real place I recall seeing the F-19 mentioned
> was in Tom Clancy's novel "Red Storm Rising", in which they were called
> "frisbees".  But very little is said about them, and I know I've never
> seen one, unlike the 117.  And in regards to the 117, why would a higher
> number be for security purposes?  Or is it supposed to be psychological?
>      Thanks to you and to Jack for answering my questions, and to
> everyone else for putting up with them!!

This F-117 problem has been on the net before -- maybe not (recently) on
this list. Many people are wondering.

The story that is mostly given is that the F-117 should have been the
F-19, but was renamed F-117 by coincidence. The origin of the number F-117
would be that (a) numbers 112 to 116 are Soviet aircraft that are used by
the USAF, or (b) Lockheed has the habit of assigning the number 117 to new
projects. (The latter seems a little buit unlikely to me). It is also
reported that radio-amateurs have heard a number 117 ask permission to
land, so 117 would have been a callsign.

Anyway, the number F-117 was probably assigned for security reasons.
Everybody used to think that the F-19 was the Stealth, so any document
labelled thus would have acquired unwanted attention... That the F-117 was
given a fighter rather than an attack designation might be a smokescreen
too, but an alternative explanation is that the USAF just doesn't like
attack aircraft --- the only A-designated aircraft originating with the
USAF since WWII is the A-10, and this is more liked by the US Army than
the USAF.

Most conjectural drawings, models and games claiming to show the Stealth
before it was unveiled were wrong. I believe they were based on the
imagination of a Japanese artist. Nothing to be ashamed of; even Jane's
reproduced a drawing. In general, they showed inboard-tilted rudders and
smooth lines. Seems the F-117 has its rudders canted outwards for better
control and angular lines because the software used for its development is
not capable of dealing with curves -- but that is only a rumour too.


Emmanuel

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 25 May 1993 18:08:10 -0400
From:    John Peterson <PETERSJL3522@SNYONEVA.BITNET>
Subject: Re: USAAF Aircraft Desigantion System

     Thanks Emmanuel, your explanation helped a lot.  One last question
and I'll shut up for the day :).  Is there an F-19 now, or was the
number just part of the stealth coverup?  And if it isn't real, why skip
it to build the new fighter being talked about (I forget if it was F-20
or -21)?
     Thanks again for the help!

John Peterson
PETERSJL3522@SNYONEVA.CC.ONEONTA.EDU

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 25 May 1993 16:18:03 MDT
From:    Steve Alvin <STEPHEN_ALVIN@DSU1.DSU.NODAK.EDU>
Subject: F-19 (was: USAAF Aircraft Desigantion System)

On Tuesday 25 May, John Peterson wrote:

>     Uh oh!  You mentioned something ELSE I've been wondering about
> (I do a lot of wondering :) ).  The F-19 -- what is it,is it real,'
> does it exist only on paper????  Several years ago I remember Microprose
> marketing a simulation for the "F-19 Stealth Fighter"

This is my understanding of how the legend of the "F-19" came about.
In the early `80's a couple of what we know now were F-117's crashed.
The military would surround the crash site and not let anyone near.
It soon became apparent to the press that this most be a new type of
plane.  Also, at the same time, the first rumors of radar defeating
technology was being heard.  Since the last known fighter designation
was the F-18 Hornet, the press began to call the mystery plane the
F-19.  The Air Force never confirmed or denied the exsistance of the
F-19 Stealth.  They confused the issue even more by calling the
Northrup Tigershark (I think that was it's name) the F-20, hinting
that yes, there was an F-19.

Meanwhile, many model companies began to produce fanciful kit that
they called the F-19, further confusing the issue.  In addition,
Testors produced a Soviet stealth fighter, which was a total figment
of their imagination, but it confused things even more!

We now know that the designation F-19 was not used for the Stealth.

I asked an F-117 pilot at an airshow once how the designation came
about.  He told me this, & I have no way to verify the truth:

F-111 = F-111
F-112 = F-14
F-113 = F-15
F-114 = F-16
F-115 = YF-17
F-116 = F-18
F-117 = F-117







Steve Alvin
Dickinson State University
STEPHEN_ALVIN@DSU1.DSU.NODAK.EDU
**********************************************************************
*Those who fail to remember history are doomed to repeat it.--Proverb*
*Those who fail to remember history are doomed to repeat my class.-SA*
**********************************************************************

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 25 May 1993 18:19:42 +0100
From:    Bob Smart <bsmart@VERDIX.COM>
Subject: Re: USAAF Aircraft Desigantion System

> Bob:
>     Uh oh!  You mentioned something ELSE I've been wondering about
> (I do a lot of wondering :) ).  The F-19 -- what is it,is it real,'
> does it exist only on paper????  Several years ago I remember Microprose
> marketing a simulation for the "F-19 Stealth Fighter" --OK, I'll admit
> I remember because I bought a copy!  Anyway, it looked quite different
> than the F-117.  The only real place I recall seeing the F-19 mentioned
> was in Tom Clancy's novel "Red Storm Rising", in which they were called
> "frisbees".  But very little is said about them, and I know I've never
> seen one, unlike the 117.  And in regards to the 117, why would a higher
> number be for security purposes?  Or is it supposed to be psychological?
>      Thanks to you and to Jack for answering my questions, and to
> everyone else for putting up with them!!
>
> Always curious,
> John Peterson
> PETERSJL3522@SNYONEVA.CC.ONEONTA.EDU

Up until the F-117 project was made public no one really believed the US
military could keep a secret.  There were all sorts of leaks about a new
fighter that was invisable to radar as far back as at least the late 70's.
Aviation Week (Avleak) regularly had stories and even speculative line drawings
of these aircraft. There was a lot of speculation that the number would be F-19
(F-18 in production, F-20 was Nortrup Tigershark, F-21 was leased IAI Kfirs)

Model companies, software companies, authors followed the crowd. Smooth flowing
curves, no sharp edges, that was the prescription for stealth.

Well along comes this angular ugly looking black wedge that we were told had
been built in squadron quantities and deployed for several years. It was called
the F-117. There is one school of thought that says for administrative purposes
soviet equipment that had been acquired was given designators in the 11x range.
I have never seen a definitive list of F-112 to F-116. But assuming that to be
true anyone that happened across a reference to a secret aircraft designated
the F-117 would infer that it was just another acquired eastern block aircraft
and that it was being kept under wraps to try and keep the Soviets from knowing
what we had or that we had even gotten it (And every one would smirk because
EVERYONE KNEW THAT AMERICANS COULDN'T KEEP A SECRET!)

Well it worked

Bob Smart (bsmart@verdix.com)

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 25 May 1993 18:38:02 -0400
From:    John Peterson <PETERSJL3522@SNYONEVA.BITNET>
Subject: F-19/F-117

     OK, now I understand it all!!
         *applause*
     I guess the F-19 is the real stealth, because it never appeared!!
It does surprise me even Clancy jumped on the F-19 bandwagon, but I
guess the government surprised everyone by keeping the secret.

John Peterson
PETERSJL3522@SNYONEVA.CC.ONEONTA.EDU

------------------------------

Date:    Wed, 26 May 1993 00:31:47 +0200
From:    Emmanuel Gustin <gustin@EVSDS.UIA.AC.BE>
Subject: Re: USAAF Aircraft Desigantion System

> and I'll shut up for the day :).  Is there an F-19 now, or was the
> number just part of the stealth coverup?  And if it isn't real, why skip
> it to build the new fighter being talked about (I forget if it was F-20
> or -21)?

One possibility is that F-19 was assigned to the Stealth, and then dropped.
Another is that there is an F-19, but what would they use it for? Not
unlikely is that Northrop liked the F-20 number for marketing, and asked
to get it assigned to their F-5G.

Plainly: I don't know...

Emmanuel.

------------------------------

Date:    Wed, 26 May 1993 08:26:48 -0500
From:    "Wilber Williams, Prentice Centre" <CCWILBER@UQVAX.CC.UQ.OZ.AU>
Subject: Enola Gay

I'm building a model of the B-29 "Enola Gay". I'm not sure if the tail fin
markings are correct. The decals with the kit have an "R" in a circle, but I
have several photos supposedly of "Enola Gay" with a forward pointing arrow in
a circle. One book about B-29's said that the arrow markings should have been
replaced by about May-June 1945. Can anyone tell me the correct tail fin
markings for "Enola Gay" during its mission to Hiroshima?

Wilber.

+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|Wilber WILLIAMS                            w.williams@cc.uq.edu.au      |
|Prentice Centre                            Telephone : +61 7 365 4232   |
|The University of Queensland               Facsimile : +61 7 365 4477   |
|Brisbane Qld 4072  AUSTRALIA                                            |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 25 May 1993 21:10:42 +0100
From:    Bob Smart <bsmart@VERDIX.COM>
Subject: Re: F-19 (was: USAAF Aircraft Desigantion System)

> I asked an F-117 pilot at an airshow once how the designation came
> about.  He told me this, & I have no way to verify the truth:
>
> F-111 = F-111
> F-112 = F-14
> F-113 = F-15
> F-114 = F-16
> F-115 = YF-17
> F-116 = F-18
> F-117 = F-117
>
>
I worked on F-15s from 1976-1982 I was with 1st TFW when they were being built
up with their initial F-15A & B and when these were replaced with C & D models
several years later. I worked on birds that were from block 7 ( The first
production batch) on up ( we actually had a few pre-production birds that were
used for training. I have NEVER seen anything (except the piece of e-mail this
is in response to) connect the F-15 to the F-113.  I haven't seen any
connection between the other ones mentioned either but I can state pretty
emphatically that the F-15 has no connection with the F-113. Sorry if I sound
loud and angry, I'm not angry at you., it's just that for once I feel
completely safe in taking an unequivical stance on a subject :-)

I have seen several sources that have tied the F-112 to F-116 with Eastern Bloc
Aircraft. none of my sources was official but I will say they were better than
AvLeak. Unfortunately I could never get direct matching of Soviet models to
F-11x numbers.

Bob Smart (bsmart@verdix.com)

>

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 25 May 1993 21:23:05 +0100
From:    Bob Smart <bsmart@VERDIX.COM>
Subject: Re: F-19/F-117

>      OK, now I understand it all!!
>          *applause*
>      I guess the F-19 is the real stealth, because it never appeared!!
> It does surprise me even Clancy jumped on the F-19 bandwagon, but I
> guess the government surprised everyone by keeping the secret.

Why does it surpise you that Clancy accepted it? He has always said that he
works from sources available to everyone and that all he does is what any good
intelligence person does. He takes lots of sources, evaluates their
reliability, tries to corraborate with other reliable sources and make some
informed guesses from there.  A lot of folks with sources as good or better
than his made the same assumptions. On the flightline we knew about some
special assignments to a location that was at Nellis AFB but not at Nellis.
We knew what carreer fields were used and when some new capabilities were added
because new carreer fields were added to the list. None of this was secret,
It was closely held within the group but even these folks were fooled on some
things. I for one was of the belief that the program was older than an F-19
designator would indicate ( That would have been early to mid 70's, after the
failed YF-17 became the F-18) I thought it was really the F-13 ( first started
in mid 60's before the F-14 program broke away from the F-111 program.
One thing about the F-117 designator, since it is out of sequence there is no
direct way to put it into the chronological F progression. ( And where is the
F-13 :-))

Bob Smart (bsmart@verdix.com)

------------------------------

Date:    Wed, 26 May 1993 12:26:53 +1000
From:    Mick Fauchon <ULMJF@CC.NEWCASTLE.EDU.AU>
Subject: Re: The German Carrier Zepplin

        Mike,

                The aircraft would have been Bf 109Ts (with folding wings,
no less, and a longer stroke tailwheel) and modified Ju 87s.
        The carrier itself was eventually scrapped, but I'll have to leave
it to someone else to fill you in on the details.

                                                Regards,

                                                Mick Fauchon.
                                                ULMJF@cc.newcastle.ed.au

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 25 May 1993 23:14:00 EST
From:    "W.C. \"Rusty\" DIVENS" <ERCOUPE@VMS.CIS.PITT.EDU>
Subject: Re: F-19/F-117

Well, there MUST be some connection.

I built one of those TESTORS F-19 models about 3 years ago...
and now I can't find the damn thing!  :^)

And let's not forget the re-spooling of the bombers to the B-1 and B-2.

Bill
N93774 (@vms.cis.pitt.edu)

------------------------------

End of WWII-L Digest - 24 May 1993 to 25 May 1993
*************************************************

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There are 19 messages totalling 533 lines in this issue.

Topics of the day:

  1. F-19/F-117
  2. USAAF Aircraft Desigantion System (6)
  3. Stealth ! (was Re: USAAF Aircraft Desigantion System
  4. USAAF 26 MAY 43
  5. Enola Gay
  6. First use of Napalm (3)
  7. Naval Institute Press: New Books
  8. German Carrier Graf Zeppelin"
  9. The German Carrier . . .
 10. The German Carrier Zepplin
 11. MEDAL OF FREEDOM
 12. BI evaluation form

----------------------------------------------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 25 May 1993 23:09:54 MDT
From:    Steve Alvin <STEPHEN_ALVIN@DSU1.DSU.NODAK.EDU>
Subject: Re: F-19/F-117

I did not express myself clearly on an earlier post.  I wasn't
suggesting that the F-117 pilot was saying the F-15 was ever called
the F-113, he was pointing out that if you took the F-14 through
the F-18 and applied them to the Century Series, the next number
would be 117.  Since several people have posted that in reality these
numbers were applied to Soviet aircraft, I guess the pilot didn't
know himself, or the disinformation campaign continued.

I just noticed that this is not the Aircraft list, but the WWII-L
list!  To the List Owner, I apologize for getting off the topic.

For those of you who are interested in aircraft of all eras you might
what to  subscribe to Aircraft@GREARN.BITNET.


Steve Alvin
Dickinson State University
STEPHEN_ALVIN@DSU1.DSU.NODAK.EDU
**********************************************************************
*Those who fail to remember history are doomed to repeat it.--Proverb*
*Those who fail to remember history are doomed to repeat my class.-SA*
**********************************************************************

------------------------------

Date:    Wed, 26 May 1993 09:39:21 EET
From:    "F.Baube[tm]" <flb@FLB.OPTIPLAN.FI>
Subject: Re: USAAF Aircraft Desigantion System

From: Bob Smart <bsmart@verdix.com>
>
> The F-111 [..] was an early 60s program ..
> The EF-111 is just
> a reuse of old airframes in a new role.

I've been told that they created the EF-111 because they had
all these terribly expensive airframes and still hadn't yet
found a genuinely useful role for them yet -- fighter and
bomber and fighter/bomber were all none too impressive.


--
* Fred Baube (tm)    * "Government had broken down.
* baube@optiplan.fi  *  I found the experience invigorating."
* 60 28' N  22 18' E *  -- Maurice Grimaud, Paris prefect of
* #include <disclaimer.h>                 police in May 1968

------------------------------

Date:    Wed, 26 May 1993 10:13:22 EET
From:    "F.Baube[tm]" <flb@FLB.OPTIPLAN.FI>
Subject: Stealth ! (was Re: USAAF Aircraft Desigantion System

Further off the topic ..

From: Emmanuel Gustin <gustin@EVS2.UIA.AC.BE>
> Subject:      Re: USAAF Aircraft Desigantion System
>
> Seems the F-117 has [..] angular lines because the software
> used for its development is not capable of dealing with
> curves -- but that is only a rumour too.

The angular lines aid in eluding radar detection.  With flat
surfaces and straight lines, the plane reflects radar only to
a very limited set of angles -- just like how a mirror reflects
a flashlight.  And when one of those sharp reflected signal peaks
does sweep past the receiver, the noise suppression circuitry might
suppress it -- it will resemble a stray reflection, or noise generated
by the circuitry itself.

Relevance to WW II .. um .. how advanced *did* radar countermeasures get ?
For instance, was chaff used ?

--
* Fred Baube (tm)    * "Government had broken down.
* baube@optiplan.fi  *  I found the experience invigorating."
* 60 28' N  22 18' E *  -- Maurice Grimaud, Paris prefect of
* #include <disclaimer.h>                 police in May 1968

------------------------------

Date:    Wed, 26 May 1993 07:20:42 -0400
From:    jem3@CC.BELLCORE.COM
Subject: USAAF 26 MAY 43

COMBAT CHRONOLOGY OF THE US ARMY AIR FORCES
WEDNESDAY, 26 MAY 1943
FTP SITES
  1. ftp.rutgers.edu in directory pub/wwii/usaf
  2. byrd.mu.wvnet.edu (129.71.32.152) in pub/history/military/airforce/
     wwii_chronology

AIRCRAFT MENTIONED IN THIS REPORT:
  B-24, Consolidated Liberator
  B-25, North American Mitchell
  F-5, Lockheed Lightning
  P-38, Lockheed Lightning
  P-40, Curtiss

AMERICAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Eleventh Air Force)
  In the Aleutians, 8 B-24's and 11 B-25's, flying air-ground support,
bomb enemy positions. 2 B-24's and l2 P-38's fly air cover sorties and
also patrol and strafe Attu. Kiska is covered by 3 F-5A's photo sorties
and 3 attack missions, flown by 9 B-25's and 16 P-40's. Targets include
gun emplacements on North Head and the E end of the runway.

CENTRAL PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Seventh Air Force)
  In the Gilbert Islands, 3 B-24's from Canton Island in the Phoenix
Islands fly a reconnaissance-bombing mission over Abemama. Bombs are
dropped on a barracks area.

MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Northwest African Air Force)
    In Sardinia, Northwest African Strategic Air Force (NASAF) medium and
heavy bombers hit the airfields at Ponte Olivo, Biscari, and Comiso.
P-38's hit Porto Ponte Romano shipping, and Villacidro Airfield.
    In the Mediterranean, NASAF P-40's attack gun emplacements, trucks,
and troops on the SE coast of Pantelleria Island. Northwest African
Tactical Air Force (NATAF) P-40's also bomb Pantelleria.
    In Italy, NASAF P-38's hit the Tirso power dam and the Golfo Aranci
harbor.
    HQ 81st Fighter Group transfers from Algeria to Monastir, Tunisia.

SOUTHWEST PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Fifth Air Force)
  In New Guinea, 9 B-24's and B-25's bomb Madang town area and airfield.

SOURCES:
AIR FORCE COMBAT UNITS OF WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force History,
  Headquarters USAF, 1961, ISBN 0-912799-02-1
COMBAT SQUADRONS OF THE AIR FORCE, WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force
  History, Headquarters USAF 1982
THE ARMY AIR FORCES IN WORLD WAR II: COMBAT CHRONOLOGY, 1941-1945 by the
 Office of Air Force History, Headquarters USAF, 1973
THE MIGHTY EIGHTH WAR DIARY by Roger A. Freeman, ISBN 1-85409-071-2

Jack McKillop
USAF (Airways and Air Communications Service)
1955-59


----------------------------------------------------------------------
|  Jack McKillop      |  Those who have long enjoyed such privileges |
|  Bellcore           |  as we enjoy forget in time that men have    |
|  Piscataway, NJ     |  died to win them.     FDR                   |
|  USA                |  jem3@cc.bellcore.com                        |
----------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

Date:    Wed, 26 May 1993 07:21:51 -0400
From:    jem3@CC.BELLCORE.COM
Subject: Re: USAAF Aircraft Desigantion System

        This is Jack.

        The F-111 design originated when MacNamara was SecDef under Kennedy
        or Johnson so the basic F-111 is almost 30 years old.  This design
        was to be MacNamara's answer to both the USAF and USN
        fighter-bomber needs but only the USAF bought it.  The EF-111A
        Sparkvarks were F-111A's that were upgraded into electronic
        aircraft in the last 10 years.

        I don't have enough info on the F-117 to determine when the
        designation was first assigned.

As a followup, the first F-111A was ordered in Fiscal Year 1963 (1
Jul 62 to 30 Jun 63) but I do not have the exact date.

------------------------------

Date:    Wed, 26 May 1993 07:25:12 -0400
From:    Bob Smart <bsmart@VERDIX.COM>
Subject: Re: USAAF Aircraft Desigantion System

> From: Bob Smart <bsmart@verdix.com>
> >
> > The F-111 [..] was an early 60s program ..
> > The EF-111 is just
> > a reuse of old airframes in a new role.
>
> I've been told that they created the EF-111 because they had
> all these terribly expensive airframes and still hadn't yet
> found a genuinely useful role for them yet -- fighter and
> bomber and fighter/bomber were all none too impressive.

I think they had a very good role for them, the one they were designed for.
The strike on Libya was a prime example of what the F-111 was designed to do.
They took off from England, flew around Spain, hit the target, and returned to
home station around Spain. That is a very long mission.

The EF version came about because they needed an airframe with moderate
internal volume, good loiter capability ( to provide barrier jamming), good
penetration capability ( to provide enroute support for tactical aircraft), and
low cost ( It was real tight budgets during the Carter Years). The F-111 was
the only airframe with enough volume and a dash capability. The Navy uses the
EA-6 which has a similar electronic suite but uses 4 crewmembers. Actually the
A-6 is the closest match to the F-111 I can think of in capability overall.

Bob Smart (bsmart@verdix.com)
>
>
> --
> * Fred Baube (tm)    * "Government had broken down.
> * baube@optiplan.fi  *  I found the experience invigorating."
> * 60 28' N  22 18' E *  -- Maurice Grimaud, Paris prefect of
> * #include <disclaimer.h>                 police in May 1968

------------------------------

Date:    Wed, 26 May 1993 07:31:58 -0400
From:    jem3@CC.BELLCORE.COM
Subject: Re: Enola Gay

        I'm building a model of the B-29 "Enola Gay". I'm not sure if the tail fin
        markings are correct. The decals with the kit have an "R" in a circle, but I
        have several photos supposedly of "Enola Gay" with a forward pointing arrow in
        a circle. One book about B-29's said that the arrow markings should have been
        replaced by about May-June 1945. Can anyone tell me the correct tail fin
        markings for "Enola Gay" during its mission to Hiroshima?

        Wilber.

Wilber,
I am at work but I remember reading that the 509th Bomb Group (VH)
carried the markings of another group while they were in the
Marianas so that they would not be distinctive, i.e., they would
blend in with the rest of the B-29s.  In that case, I believe the
circled R was probably correct and I believe the forward pointing
arrow was applied post WWII.

Let me check my sources when I get home tonight and see what I can
find.

----------------------------------------------------------------------
|  Jack McKillop      |  Those who have long enjoyed such privileges |
|  Bellcore           |  as we enjoy forget in time that men have    |
|  Piscataway, NJ     |  died to win them.     FDR                   |
|  USA                |  jem3@cc.bellcore.com                        |
----------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

Date:    Wed, 26 May 1993 07:49:31 EDT
From:    "Kurt L." <MNHAD007@SIVM.BITNET>
Subject: Re: First use of Napalm

From: Kurt L.
Wasn't NAPALM used in Korea?  I thought I read that somewhere. Any help?

------------------------------

Date:    Wed, 26 May 1993 09:49:38 -0230
From:    NAME <olaf@KEAN.UCS.MUN.CA>
Subject: Naval Institute Press: New Books

The latest ("Fall 1993") Naval Institute Press catalogue of
forthcoming publications has been released. Some (but by no means
all) of the books scheduled for publication are listed below; the
parenthetical reference is to the month in which the books is
expected to be released.

                           *   *   *   *   *

Victor Sheymov, _Tower of Secrets: The Intelligence Coup of
the Cold War_ (October; $24.95/ISBN 1-55750-764-3). An insider's
account of the KGB.

Jules Verne, _Twenty Thousand Leagues under the Sea: The
Completely Restored and Annotated Edition_ (September;
$24.95/ISBN 1-55750-877-1, hardcover. $14.95/0-87021-678-3,
paper). O.K., so this is fiction. But it's always been my
personal favourite Jules Verne, so I thought I'd throw it in. How
many submariners have been drawn to their profession by this
book?

Luc Coyvers, _Sea Power: A Global Journey_ (October;
$38.95/1-55750-145-9, hardcover; $22.95/1-55750-146-7, paper).
This is the companion volume to a forthcoming six- part Discovery
Channel series produced by US, British and Japanese public
television

John B. Lundstrom, _The First Team and the Guadalcanal Campaign:
Naval Fighter Combat from August to November 1942_
(November; $44.95/1-55750-526-8). A sequel to Lundstrom's _The
First Team_; looks at the reorganization of the US Navy's
fighting squadrons and carrier groups after Midway.

Viktor Leonov, _Blood on the Shores: Soviet Naval Commandos in
World War II_ (November; $24.95/1-55750-506-3). First English
edition of a 1957 Soviet study. A study of the "morskiye
razvedchiki," forerunners of the Russian naval "Spetsnaz."

Robert Mikesh, _Broken Wings of the Samurai: The Destruction of
the Japanese Air Force_ (October; $34.95/1-55750-083-5). NOT a
war history of the Japanese air force, but rather, a study of the
destruction of Japanese aircraft by occupation forces after their
arrival in Japan at the end of the war.

C. Raymond Calhoun, _Tin Can Sailor: Life Aboard the USS Sterett,
1939-1945_ (September; $23.95/1-55750-108-4). The Guadalcanal
campaign through the eyes of a destroyer crew.

James C. Bradford (ed.), _Crucible of Empire: The Spanish-
American War & Its Aftermath_ (August; $31.95/1-55750-079-7). A
collection of essays by top US military & naval historians.

Donald Canney, _The Old Steam Navy, Volume 2: The Ironclads,
1842-1885_ (September; $49.95/0-87021-586-8). First comprehensive
study of USN ironclads, with complete descriptions of over 90
ironclads.

US Naval Intelligence (intro. A.D. Baker III), _German Naval
Vessels of World War II_ (September; $32.95/ 1-55750-304-4).
First printed in 1943 as a guide-to-recognition for the American
fleet, this is a facsimile reference with over 1,200
illustrations of everything from tenders & mine vessels to U-
boats to battleships & battlecruisers; there is even coverage,
including a plan and profile, of the carrier "Graf Zeppelin" as
it would have appeared on completion.

Olaf Janzen
Department of History
Sir Wilfred Grenfell College
Corner Brook, Newfoundland
A2H 6P9

e-mail: olaf@kean.ucs.mun.ca

------------------------------

Date:    Wed, 26 May 1993 09:58:10 -0230
From:    NAME <olaf@KEAN.UCS.MUN.CA>
Subject: Re: German Carrier Graf Zeppelin"

Those interested in the "Graf Zeppelin" may be interested to learn
that the Naval Institute Press will release a new book this fall, a
facsimile reprint of the 1943 guide-to-recognition of German warships
prepared for the US Navy. Entitled _German Naval Vessels of World War
II_ and with an introduction by A.D. Baker III, the book will include
coverage, complete with plan and profile, of the "Graf Zeppelin" as
it would have appeared on completion. The book will be released in
September, and will cost $32.95; the ISBN is 1-55750-304-4.

Olaf Janzen
Department of History
Sir Wilfred Grenfell College
Corner Brook, Newfoundland

e-mail: olaf@kean.ucs.mun.ca

------------------------------

Date:    Wed, 26 May 1993 08:26:55 EDT
From:    John Sherwood <WG015C@GWUVM.GWU.EDU>
Subject: Re: First use of Napalm

Napalm was used extensively in Korea, begining with an F-82 CAS napalm
strike on 29 June 50 (4 days after the start of the war).  Napalm was
found to a very effective weapon against the T-34 tank.  Mustangs,
equiped with 500 pound bombs filled with napalm and thermite, are
widely credited for having stopped the North Korean armour thrust
against Pusan during the early stages of the war.  Although such
claims my be exagerated, it should be empasized that napalm was used
extensively during the entire war, and was regarded to be one of the
most effective anti-personal and anti-tank weapons in the US
inventory at the time.  For more on the use of napalm in Korea, see
*The USAF in Korea* by Robert F Futrell.

------------------------------

Date:    Wed, 26 May 1993 08:47:15 EDT
From:    John Sherwood <WG015C@GWUVM.GWU.EDU>
Subject: Re: USAAF Aircraft Desigantion System

I am certainly no expert on the F-111, but from the pilots I have spoken
with, my impression is that they were intended to be used as medium
range nuclear strike aircraft. The raid on Lybia was a long-range,
conventional, surgical strike.  What is more, it can hardly be labled
 as a succcess: the intended target is still alive and running the
country.

------------------------------

Date:    Wed, 26 May 1993 08:56:31 EDT
From:    Robert E George <regeorge@MAGNUS.ACS.OHIO-STATE.EDU>
Subject: Re: The German Carrier . . .

In William Green's book "Warplanes of the 3rd Reich" you can see
line drawings, specs, and photos of a fighter and a torpedo bomber
planned for use on the carrier. Look under Arado and Fieseler [sp?]


Robert George

------------------------------

Date:    Wed, 26 May 1993 15:08:24 +0200
From:    Chris Scogings <cscoging@UNPCS1.CS.UNP.AC.ZA>
Subject: Re: The German Carrier Zepplin

After the Battle of the Barents Sea, in which the German Navy didn't do too
well, Hitler threatened to scrap the entire surface fleet.  He was
eventually calmed down and persuaded to leave the surface fleet alone, but
he did insist on halting all further work on the carrier.

Have I got that right?

Chris
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Chris Scogings                      Voice: (27) 331 955645
Computer Science Dept                 Fax: (27) 331 955599
University of Natal
Pietermaritzburg                   E-Mail:cscoging@unpcs1.cs.unp.ac.za
----------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

Date:    Wed, 26 May 1993 15:05:16 +0200
From:    Chris Scogings <cscoging@UNPCS1.CS.UNP.AC.ZA>
Subject: Re: First use of Napalm

I've seen a photo somewhere of USA planes (navy?) using napalm against
Japanese positions in 1945.  Not much help, I know...
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Chris Scogings                      Voice: (27) 331 955645
Computer Science Dept                 Fax: (27) 331 955599
University of Natal
Pietermaritzburg                   E-Mail:cscoging@unpcs1.cs.unp.ac.za
----------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

Date:    Wed, 26 May 1993 09:32:00 EDT
From:    "Pete.Goldsmith" <VPS29@MSU.EDU>
Subject: MEDAL OF FREEDOM

Hello everyone,

I am interested in learning about the civilians who served with the U.S. Army
in the defense of Bataan and Corregidor. Some of these people were imprisoned
in Bilibid Prison and some were awarded the Medal of Freedom for their
service.
Any ideas where to look for the citations for the award of the medal?

Thanks,
Pete Goldsmith
VPS29@MSU.BITNET

------------------------------

Date:    Wed, 26 May 1993 09:51:37 -0500
From:    "Sidney W. Kitchel" <kitchel@OCTOPUS.DPSI.COM>
Subject: Re: USAAF Aircraft Desigantion System

F.Baube[tm] writes:
|->
|-> From: Bob Smart <bsmart@verdix.com>
|-> >
|-> > The F-111 [..] was an early 60s program ..
|-> > The EF-111 is just
|-> > a reuse of old airframes in a new role.
|->
|-> I've been told that they created the EF-111 because they had
|-> all these terribly expensive airframes and still hadn't yet
|-> found a genuinely useful role for them yet -- fighter and
|-> bomber and fighter/bomber were all none too impressive.

        There's a lot of blame to go around between McNamara's agenda,
the "great" cooperation of the Air Force and Navy, and screw ups by
General Dynamics. But no matter what the blame, you cannot escape the
laws of nature. According to my brother who worked on the F-111 at
GDFW, the original design had a shot at being interesting. However,
the DOD kept adding avionics and nifty computers to the design. Each
of these additions required counter balancing rear weights and before
you know what's going on, not only is the beast too heavy for a
carrier landing, but the overall flight performance is suffering.
        (Gee!! I didn't realize that WWII lasted into the '60s.)

                                                     --Sid
--
Sidney W. Kitchel           kitchel@cs.indiana.edu, kitchel@dpsi.com
Data Parallel Systems, Inc.  ============||  DPSI  ||===============
4617 E. Morningside Drive                             (812) 334-8100
Bloomington, Indiana,  47408  USA               FAX:  (812) 334-8121

------------------------------

Date:    Wed, 26 May 1993 12:34:00 -0400
From:    KAPLAN@DUQ3.DUQ.EDU
Subject: Re: USAAF Aircraft Desigantion System

RE: F-111
        I remember building a plastic kit of the F-111 way back in the
mid or late sixties.  What I remember about the kit above almost any
other I built then, is the detachable escape pod for the crew.  I don't
know if it is/was accurate, but I used to use it when playing, as the
minisub from "Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea".

                                        Richard Kaplan
                                        kaplan@duq3.duq.edu

------------------------------

Date:    Wed, 26 May 1993 12:44:16 -0400
From:    KAPLAN@DUQ3.DUQ.EDU
Subject: Re: BI evaluation form

Mary, Its bad enough when the students call me Mr. Kaplan; I'll be damned if
peers will.  Just call me Richard.
        I'll send you a copy of our form today even.  Its not detailed, and
we keep talking about revising it, but that will get done sometime just before
the year 2000.  Actually we'll have to do a major revision next year when our
OPAC is up, and we've introduced the student and faculty bodies to FirstSearch.
I hand the form out with whatever other handouts I give a class prior to
beginning the BI session.  I tell them what I've given them, including a
reference to the eval. and how they have the opportunity to critique me.  As
I end the session I remind them to fill it out and return it at the main desk,
or send it via campus mail.  Most everyone simply completes it and gives it
back to the librarian doing the session.  None of the comments are earth
shattering, and the categories that they grade 1-5 are weak.  I get burned
up when someone says I didn't give them enough handouts, how do they know?
        If you have any other questions, drop me a note.

                                Richard Kaplan
                                kaplan@duq3.dug.edu

------------------------------

End of WWII-L Digest - 25 May 1993 to 26 May 1993
*************************************************

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There are 43 messages totalling 1727 lines in this issue.

Topics of the day:

  1. CEMETERIES (5)
  2. USAAF 27 MAY 43
  3. Re. Cemetaries (5)
  4. Lessons
  5. Enola Gay markings
  6. U.S. Army Writing (2)
  7. Re. Bill Mauldin (3)
  8. SANTAYANA RECONSIDERED
  9. Wrong war, please. (6)
 10. CEMETARIES
 11. Listserv (2)
 12. GEN: Just some light reading...
 13. 50 Years ago today?
 14. SUMMER PROJECT (3)
 15. U-boat wreck
 16. Addr: Summer Project
 17. LIST AND WWII
 18. FAQ list
 19. Lack of interest
 20. WWII-l Charter
 21. FAQ, the prequel. (2)
 22. THE LIST
 23. What is your favorite FAQ?

----------------------------------------------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 27 May 1993 07:34:17 +0200
From:    JOHN AUSLAND <d_ausland_j@KARI.UIO.NO>
Subject: CEMETERIES

  Oslo, May 27.  During my Easter revisit to the area in which the
4th Division fought during the miserable winter of 1944-45, I visited
several cemeteries.  One of them was a German cemetery near the
village of Huertgen.  The others were the American and German cemeteries
near Luxembourg City.
  I was again struck by some contrasts.  In the first place, there were
more visitors to the American cemeteries.  Also, they give a brighter
appearance.  The Americans use an off white stone as grave markers and
buildings, the Germans a heavy, grey stone.
  After visiting the Huertgen Forest, I fell to wondering where all
the men who died there were buried.  A message on the European Forum
of Compuserve produced a pamphlet from the American Embassy in Paris,
produced by the American Battle Monuments Commission.  This covers
cemeteries around the world, in which there are buried 124,912 dead.
Most of these are from World War II.  This does not include the
94,241 who were missing in action or buried at sea.
  After the World War II, the Battle Monuments Commission consolidated
the many graves scattered around Europe.  Next of kin were allowed
to decide.  Some wanted the men left near where they had fallen.
Most were reburied in the present cemeteries.
  The men who died during the winter fighting are for the most part
buried in cemeteries in Holland, Belgium, and Luxembourg.
  The visits to the German cemeteries were disappointing, because
the offices were closed.  There was, however, a large sign in German
at the Huertgen cemetery, which described what had gone on in that
area at length.  Since I read German, I could read it.  It was, however,
too long to copy and used too small print to photograph.
  A letter after returning home produced a letter from the German
organization which cares for the cemeteries.  This included
the full text of what is on the sign at the Huertgen cemetery, as well
as an excellent pamphlet about all military cemeteries in Germany, of
which there are many.  Also included was information on cemeteries in
east Germany.
  According to the text of the sign, the Germans lost 12,000 and the
Americns 55,000 in the fighting in that area.  As far as I know, there
is no reliable data on German casualties, and the figure for the
American dead is too high.  I have, therefore, queried my correspondent
about sources.
  In the cemetery near Luxembourg City, there was the same sign as
I had seen at a German cemetery in Normandy last June.  This I could
photograph, and it says that the cemetery is one of 343 in 24 countries,
with 1.4 million graves from the two wars.
  One does not have to dwell on these figures for long to see that they
say a great deal about German and European history in this century.
  Also, the American cemeteries say a great deal about the price
Americans have paid when intervening in European civil wars, to
prevent Germany from getting control of this continent.
  My father having survived both the first and second round and I the
second, I have no regrets.  My generation has provided Europeans nearly
a half century of peace - although the east Europeans paid a
hugh price for this.
  Unfortunately, there are now signs that the war phase of the cycle
is returning, and one must wonder how long the present civil war can
be limited to Bosnia.
  Regards, John Ausland
  PS  I am sorry if this has provided somber reading, but it is an
inescapable part of the history of World War II.  I would welcome
comments.

------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 27 May 1993 02:48:17 -0400
From:    John Peterson <PETERSJL3522@SNYONEVA.BITNET>
Subject: Re: CEMETERIES

John:
     It's true that the number of casualties in WWII is very sombering.
However, it is something that must not be forgotten.  In this day and
age, it is very easy to forget what happened "so many" years ago.  The
fact that it happened on foreign territory has a lot to do with it.  We
forget what we can't see.  I can only imagine what it must be like to
see acres and acres of grave markers.  Sadly, I think we have forgotten
what happened only 50 years ago.  Europe is only just beginning to recover
from the aftereffects, and Russia and the rest of the former Soviet Union
will take a very long time to heal the wounds left from communism.  The
aftereffects will last for at least another 50 years, and really for
much longer than that.  Centuries from now, historians will look back on
World War II and see that it was THE turning point in history as we know it.
Now we have the former Yugoslavia, which it seems will just grow larger.
Eventually, IMHO, the samr thing will happen in China.
     Downsizing the military, base closings, major corporations making
sweeping layoffs, all this has to do with the aftereffects of the war
and the Cold War which followed as a direct result.  I hope my generation
(I'm in my 20's) has the sense to be able to deal with it, and to not
forget the lessons of WW II.  It would be sad to have to add to those
cemeteries overseas.  If everyone could just see them, it might make
people think twice.
     Hope I haven't rambled too much, but this is something I feel very
strongly about.

John Peterson
PETERSJL3522@SNYONEVA.CC.ONEONTA.EDU

------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 27 May 1993 07:24:05 -0400
From:    jem3@CC.BELLCORE.COM
Subject: USAAF 27 MAY 43

COMBAT CHRONOLOGY OF THE US ARMY AIR FORCES
THURSDAY, 27 MAY 1943
FTP SITES
  1. ftp.rutgers.edu in directory pub/wwii/usaf
  2. byrd.mu.wvnet.edu (129.71.32.152) in pub/history/military/airforce/
     wwii_chronology

AIRCRAFT MENTIONED IN THIS REPORT:
  A-20, Douglas Havoc
  B-24, Consolidated Liberator
  B-25, North American Mitchell
  B-26, Martin Marauder
  P-38, Lockheed Lightning
  P-40, Curtiss

AMERICAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Eleventh Air Force)
  In the Aleutians, Attu is covered by 1 B-25 flying ground support,
bombing and strafing troops and dropping photos taken on the previous day
to friendly forces, and by 1 B-24 and 6 P-38's flying air cover.  6 P-40's
fly an attack and reconnaissance mission to Kiska, concentrating on Little
Kiska and on the Main Camp area.

MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Northwest African Air Force)
    In the Mediterranean, Northwest African Strategic Air Force (NASAF)
P-40's bomb the harbor defenses on Pantelleria Island and Northwest
African Tactical Air Force (NATAF) P-40's attack targets on the S coast
of Pantelleria.
    In Sardinia, NASAF B-25's and B-26's hit Villacidro and Decimomannu
Airfields.
    The 111th Observation Squadron, 68th Observation Group transfers with
A-20's from Guercif, French Morocco to Nouvion, Algeria.

SOUTHWEST PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Fifth Air Force)
  In New Guinea, B-24's and B-25's pound the Lae town area and airfield.
Other B-25's hit enemy forces at Labu and Jacobsens Plantation.
Finschhafen, Saidor, Kakakog, and Langgoer are hit by single-plane
strikes.

SOURCES:
AIR FORCE COMBAT UNITS OF WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force History,
  Headquarters USAF, 1961, ISBN 0-912799-02-1
COMBAT SQUADRONS OF THE AIR FORCE, WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force
  History, Headquarters USAF 1982
THE ARMY AIR FORCES IN WORLD WAR II: COMBAT CHRONOLOGY, 1941-1945 by the
 Office of Air Force History, Headquarters USAF, 1973
THE MIGHTY EIGHTH WAR DIARY by Roger A. Freeman, ISBN 1-85409-071-2

Jack McKillop
USAF (Airways and Air Communications Service)
1955-59


----------------------------------------------------------------------
|  Jack McKillop      |  Those who have long enjoyed such privileges |
|  Bellcore           |  as we enjoy forget in time that men have    |
|  Piscataway, NJ     |  died to win them.     FDR                   |
|  USA                |  jem3@cc.bellcore.com                        |
----------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 27 May 1993 07:27:00 -0400
From:    Kevin Kamphaus <USR5066A@CBOS.UC.EDU>
Subject: Re. Cemetaries

I for one find it interesting to read about places in Europe that I would like
to go but can't.  Some day I plan to return to Europe and retrace my dad's
path he took during the war. I am still working on getting all the info.  Also,
lately I have taken the opportunity to talk to WWII vets when I chance to find
one. Sometimes I know them, frequently I do not. There are less and less of
them around every year, and I would like to get as many first hand accounts no
matter how mundane(not everyone can be an Audey Murphy!).  On another topic,
I just finished reading the book "Up Front" by Bill Maudlin. I picked it up at
my local 1/2 price book store. I have been told, they made a movie of this book.
Can anyone verify this? It has quite a few of his Willie and Joe cartoons and
is an account of his time at the front. BTW, when did he die? Or has he?
Thanks,
Kevin Kamphaus usr5066a@cbos.uc.edu

------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 27 May 1993 08:12:00 EST
From:    "W.C. \"Rusty\" DIVENS" <ERCOUPE@VMS.CIS.PITT.EDU>
Subject: Lessons

Indeed I hope we have not forgotten the lessons learned.  While I
read of all the concern for the situation in Bosnia, and the seeming
instability in the area, we should not forget to look at the far east
where the People's Republic of China is spending a disproportionate
amount of money arming itself to the teeth.  From reading between the
lines of the China News Service, it would seem that the PRC is now
viewing itself as earning the inheritance of leadership in the new
'Co-prosperity Sphere' in the far east.  There are some real potential
problems:  Taiwan, the Spratleys, and Hong Kong's return to the PRC.

There is a sleeping giant......

Bill
N93774@vms.cis.pitt.edu
wcd@shrsys.hslc.org

------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 27 May 1993 08:25:45 -0400
From:    jem3@CC.BELLCORE.COM
Subject: Enola Gay markings

This post amplifies the information provided by the National Air
and Space Museum in Washington, DC about the markings of the Enola
Gay.

The 509th Composite Group, consisting of the 320th Troop Carrier
Squadron with Douglas C-54s and the 393d Bombardment Squadron (Very
Heavy) with 15 B-29s arrived at North Field, Tinian, Marianas
Islands on 29 May 45.  It is interesting to note that the 393d was
equpped with B-29s built by the Glenn L. Martin Company at Omaha,
Nebraska instead of by Boeing.

The 509th was attached to the 313th Bombardment Wing (Very Heavy)
and all B-29s assigned to this wing carried a letter in a circle on
the vertical tail surfaces as an idenfication marking.  Initially,
the 509th applied a forward facing arrow in a circle to their B-29s
however, in order to keep the existence of this special group secret,
the markings were changed in Jul 45 to markings already assigned to
other groups of the Twentieth Air Force.  The markings applied were (1)
the R in a circle of the 6th Bombardment Group (Very Heavy), 313th
Bombarmdment Wing (VH); (2) P in a square of the 39th BG (VH), 314th
BW (VH); (3) N in a triangle of the 444th BG (VH), 58th BW (VH); and
(4) the letter A without a geometric figure of the 497th BG (VH), 73d
BW (VH).  It is believed that each of these markings were applied to
three B-29s of the 509th so that when pairs of 509th aircraft flew
recon missions over Japan, they could not be identified as a unique
unit.  An expert can tell that some of the markings applied to the
509th aircraft are not identical to those applied to the "real" unit.

Another tipoff that these marking were false was the aircraft number
assigned to each aircraft.  All of the other B-29 groups in the
Marianas used aircraft number below 70 or 75 but the B-29s of the 509th
carried numbers between 72 and 95.  Known numbers are 72, 73, 77, 82,
83, 85, 86, 88, 89, 91 and 95.  The number was pained in the normal
size and position as other groups, i.e., 36 inches high on the rear
fuselage and 15 inches high just aft of the bombardiers's position.

On 6 Aug 45, the Enola Gay, B-29-40-MO, USAAF s/n 44-86292 coded R in a
circle and number 82, dropped the first A-bomb on Hiroshima; on 9 Aug
45, Bock's Car, B-29-35-MO, 44-27297 coded N in a triangle and number
77, dropped the second A-bomb on Nagasaki.

Sometime in Aug or Sep 45, the 393d reverted to it's original markings,
i.e., the forward facing arrow in a circle.

------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 27 May 1993 07:36:43 CDT
From:    "D. Neff" <NEFF@UAFSYSB.UARK.EDU>
Subject: Re: Re. Cemetaries

I remember seeing Bill Maudlin on tv (it may have been 60 minutes) visiting
the soldiers during the gulf war.  So I think he's still around.  Does
any one know if he's still doing cartoons and if so, in what papers do
they appear?


+-------------------------+
|  David L. Neff          |
|  Univ. of Arkansas      |
|  Dept. of Agr. Econ     |
|  neff@uafsysb.uark.edu  |
+-------------------------+

------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 27 May 1993 07:45:58 EDT
From:    "AD16000@NEMOMUS.BITNET. --Scherrer,
         Tim A." <AD16%NEMOMUS.BITNET@UBVM.CC.BUFFALO.EDU>
Subject: U.S. Army Writing

I am trying to ascertain a detail regarding WWII memos and memorandums.
The question is subtle for those of you who've never written military
correspondence.  For officers in the USAAF, were they all considered to
be branched Air Corps, or did they retain their branches like
Quartermaster, A.G. except for flight crews.  My gut feeling is that
they are all branched Air Corps regardless of job.  Also, did those
assigned to an Army Air Force staff commanded by a General officer wear
General Staff brass, or Air Corps brass.

Secondly, is this correct for a signature block--

Snuffy L. Hangerblade
Captain, Air Corps

I do not have any references that confirm any of this.  Does anybody hav
e any references that would spell out WWII Army writing.

(The system I use sometimes compresses blank spaces, the Name on the
signitue block is one line above the Capt, A.C. line)

Thanks in advance,

Tim

************************************************************************
*  Tim A. Scherrer          "You'll be fighting WWII for the rest of   *
*  Facilities Supervisor     your life", Ron Scherrer, 1971            *
*  WP:816-785-5253                                                     *
*  HP:816-665-6704                                                     *
*  ID# AD16%NEMOMUS@ACADEMIC.NEMOSTATE.EDU                             *
************************************************************************

------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 27 May 1993 07:51:07 EDT
From:    "AD16000@NEMOMUS.BITNET. --Scherrer,
         Tim A." <AD16%NEMOMUS.BITNET@MIZZOU1.MISSOURI.EDU>
Subject: Re: Re. Bill Mauldin

I know Bill Mauldin did a display in 1982 at Jefferson Barracks.  I have
the poster, which will be framed and hanging in my dining room soon.  It
was done in conjunction with a second display with "Terry and the
Pirates".  Unfortunately, I wasn't reenacting yet and missed out on it.

Tim

************************************************************************
*  Tim A. Scherrer          "You'll be fighting WWII for the rest of   *
*  Facilities Supervisor     your life", Ron Scherrer, 1971            *
*  WP:816-785-5253                                                     *
*  HP:816-665-6704                                                     *
*  ID# AD16%NEMOMUS@ACADEMIC.NEMOSTATE.EDU                             *
************************************************************************

------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 27 May 1993 08:07:21 CDT
From:    Jean Miller <JMILLER@PRIME.MHSL.UAB.EDU>
Subject: Re: Re. Cemetaries

There was a movie where Tom Ewell played one of the characters.  I don't
remember if the film was called "Up Front", but I can look it up when I
get home and find out.

Jean Spradlin-Miller
jmiller@prime.mhsl.uab

------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 27 May 1993 09:15:39 -0400
From:    jem3@CC.BELLCORE.COM
Subject: Re: Re. Cemetaries

        There was a movie where Tom Ewell played one of the characters.  I don't
        remember if the film was called "Up Front", but I can look it up when I
        get home and find out.

        Jean Spradlin-Miller
        jmiller@prime.mhsl.uab

UP FRONT was a 92 minute black-and-white movie released in 1951
directed by Alexander Hall and starring David Wayne, Tom Ewell,
Marina Berti, Jeffrey Lynn and Richard Egan.  The sequel was BACK
AT THE FRONT, an 87 minute black-and-white film released in 1952.
The latter movie was directed by George Sherman and starred Tom
Ewell, Harvey Lembeck, Mari Blanchard and Richard Long and was
later retitled WILLIE AND JOE BACK AT THE FRONT after it was
released.

------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 27 May 1993 17:01:59 +0200
From:    JOHN AUSLAND <d_ausland_j@KARI.UIO.NO>
Subject: SANTAYANA RECONSIDERED

  Oslo, May 27.  Given events in Yugoslavia and elsewhere, I think
we must reconsider Santayanas dictum or at least enlarge it.  What
about: in some situations, those who remember the past are
condemned to repeat it?  Regards, John Ausland

------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 27 May 1993 10:30:34 EST
From:    Larry Jewell <jewell@MACE.CC.PURDUE.EDU>
Subject: Wrong war, please.

If we could return to discussion of World War II, please?  "Stealth" is
interesting and could have proved quite valuable in earlier days (almost
as valuable as Commanders who didn't understand radar ;-).

SUMMER PROJECT!

Anyone interested in compling a FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions) for World
War II?  The top 10-100 questions most commonly asked in one file, made
avialable via gopher. This could be divided into ETO and PTO or any other
way that makes sense.

Anyone interested?

Larry J

------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 27 May 1993 11:31:06 EDT
From:    Kurt Luginbyhl <MNHAD007@SIVM.BITNET>
Subject: Re: Re. Bill Mauldin

From: Kurt Luginbyhl
I saw the Terry and the Pirates and had to comment.  My father Lt. Col.
Thomas T. Luginbyhl flew in WWII in B 17 Es.  His plane was Terry and the
Pirates so I was told.  My fathers middle name was Terrance.  Can anyone
help me find out if this is true?  My father was buried in Arlington
in November of 77.  He was Lt. Col T.T. Luginbyhl Ret. Dec.
Thanks......  Yours warmly... HAKL.

------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 27 May 1993 17:37:22 +0200
From:    JOHN AUSLAND <d_ausland_j@KARI.UIO.NO>
Subject: CEMETARIES

  Oslo, May 27.  Thanks for the responses to my message about
cemeteries.
  FOR JOHN PETERSON.  There was no reason to apologize about your
message.  You were expressing your feelings, and these normally do
not organize themselves in a tidy fashion.
  As for forgetting, what worried me most about my Easter trip was
that the Germans are trying very hard to forget WWII.  My German
penpal and his wife joined us for two days.  He knew all about the
war, from reading.  She knew nothing, literally, because they do
not teach it at school.  I talked at the museum at Diekirch,
Luxembourg, to a young German who was doing research on the battle
of the bulge.  He commented that the Germans are busy forgetting
the war.
  Even more troublesome is the way in which the holocaust is being
rationalized.  One German has told me that it was no different than
what we did to the Indians.
  I am not saying that the Germans have not learned something from
the Hitler experience, but they want very much to put it behind
them.
  FOR KEVIN KAMPHAUS
  What outfit was your father with during the war?  Where in general
was he?
  UP FRONT by Bill Mauldin is good reading.  If, however, you want
to see what the war was like, read Ernie Pyle's BRAVE MEN.
  Regards, John Ausland

------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 27 May 1993 17:45:19 +0200
From:    Chris Scogings <cscoging@UNPCS1.CS.UNP.AC.ZA>
Subject: Re: CEMETERIES

John Peterson writes:
>...I can only imagine what it must be like to
>see acres and acres of grave markers.  Sadly, I think we have forgotten
>what happened only 50 years ago....
>...Centuries from now, historians will look back on
>World War II and see that it was THE turning point in history as we know it.
>...I hope my generation
>(I'm in my 20's) has the sense to be able to deal with it, and to not
>forget the lessons of WW II.

Interesting.  That's EXACTLY what people said about World War I - the great
war to end all wars, the turning point, etc, etc.  I have stood at Tyne Cot
Cemetery in Belgium, and the Menin Gate at Ypres and seen 100 000 names of
men who went missing in Flanders between 1914 and 1918.

The generation of the 1930's learned nothing and I very much fear that the
generations of the 1980/90's will learn nothing as well.  I was amazed at
the celebrations in the USA when the airforce massacred thousands of fleeing
Iraqi conscripts in 1991.

Chris
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Chris Scogings                      Voice: (27) 331 955645
Computer Science Dept                 Fax: (27) 331 955599
University of Natal
Pietermaritzburg                   E-Mail:cscoging@unpcs1.cs.unp.ac.za
----------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 27 May 1993 11:44:47 EDT
From:    "William B. Thacker" <wbt@CBEMF.ATT.COM>
Subject: Listserv

Larry;

I'm unable to get to the listserver.... for some reason,  att insists it
doesn't know that machine.

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Bill Thacker             AT&T Network Systems       attmail!att!cbemf!wbt
Quality Engineer            Columbus, Ohio              wbt@cbemf.att.com

------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 27 May 1993 10:49:14 CDT
From:    "Robert J. Granvin" <rjg@UMNSTAT.STAT.UMN.EDU>
Subject: GEN: Just some light reading...

                   A VIEW FROM THE OTHER SIDE
                      Col. Hans W. Cloeter
                       Frankfurt, Germany


Night had laid its dark blanket over the valley  and  scarcely  a
sound was heard except the rumble from the nearby industrial com-
plex.

The little boy lying in his bed listened to the woman sitting  at
his side telling fairy tales.  He was awake waiting for his moth-
er to come home.  The friendly neighbor babysitting him  had  all
the lights turned off and opened the window.

The boy could see a rectangle of darkness when  suddenly  a  star
seemed to burst and shower its sparks all over the sky.

Immediately, air raid sirens began to wail  and  rumbling  explo-
sions came ever closer.



What the boy, aged three had seen, were the pathfinder markers of
Allied  bombers  and  his  first experience with the realities of
war.

The year was 1944 and the place a part of Austria  called  Styria
(one  of  the  seven  federal states of the Republic of Austria).
The valley is lined with villages and towns each having its plant
of  heavy industry and was, of course, frequently targeted during
those days.

The boy had been me and I still have a vivid recollection of that
evening  although none of being afraid; that came some time later
when we had to move to a farm nearby.  Dad was  a  counsellor  in
the  legal  department  of  one  of  the steel concerns there and
grandpa had just retired as managing director  of  the  plant  in
town where I was born.

I used to watch bomber flights coming  in  from  a  southwesterly
direction, presumably from Italy.  They would continue on towards
the northeast to join the river Danube which would guide them  to
Vienna.   As the war progressed, bombers began appearing from the
northwest.  The number of bombers kept increasing as the war came
closer  and closer to its end.  Usually we counted 24 bombers per
flight.

They were targeting an area of heavy industry near  the  city  of
Graz,  starting  at  Knittelfeld  and  running through Leoben and
Bruck to Semmerling.  These targets covered the  valleys  of  the
rivers  Mur  and Muerz.  Here, practically every town and village
had some sort of industrial plant, the center being  Leoben  with
its huge ore processing and steel milling facilities.

Watching these bombers fly overhead never frightened me, however.
In fact, watching the war progress in the air fascinated me!

A quarter mile from the farm house and anti-aircraft battery  was
nestled  in  the  woods.   We would see it fire from time to time
when they had locked on to an American or British bomber, but  we
never  once  saw  the soldiers who manned it.  I would also stand
outside and watch the contrails of dogfighting Britih and  German
fighters.   Some  of  these  aircraft  would crash into the hills
around us.

Later, my mother told me I  kept  pestering  her  with  questions
about  those  planes  doing their deadly stints right in front of
our noses.  I found them  much  more  fascinating  that  watching
sparrows  or  other birds.  Ironically, it was this interest that
laid the groundwork for my interest in aviation and career in the
airline  industry.   All  I  experienced was fascination -- never
fear.

But it was on a spring Sunday in 1945 while sitting down to lunch
when  we  heard the air raid sirens go off.  The adults shooed us
children into the deep cellar of the house.  I was angry, because
we  kids  were promised some dessert after lunch and were looking
forward to that rare treat.

Anger soon gave way to stark terror when we felt the shock  waves
of  the  exploding bombs less than a mile away.  I could feel the
explosions even down deep.  I know  that  I  almost  screamed  my
lungs out from a fear never before experienced.  Neither was that
fear ever never felt again - even during the last days of the war
when we had to retreat from the advancing Red Army.

The target, by the way, was a nearby railroad  bridge.   It  sur-
vived the war unscathed and is still standing today.

We had already packed all our belongings and set out in the small
hours  of the morning with the farmer and his family to go deeper
into the mountains.  The fear of  that  one  day  was  still  not
matched  even when the Russians caught up with us and returned us
to the farm.

There, a detachment of Russian soldiers led by a Major camped for
some  months  and  lived  off our supplies which, even on a farm,
dwindled fast.  When one of those soldiers -  a  young  farm  boy
from  the  Ukraine  with  a  son of his own - picked me up in his
arms, my mother nearly had a heart attack from fear of  something
happening  to  me.  But that guy just longed to hold a child like
his own in his arms and probably felt very homesick.

Months later, the Red Army retreated from that part of the  coun-
try and the British Occupation Forces took over.

After the war, Austria was split up among the Allied Forces.  The
eastern  states  including  Vienna  going to the Soviets with the
other four states falling under British, French and U.S.  jurisd-
iction.   Going  from one of the Western occupied states into the
Russian Zone meant crossing the so-called demarcation  line  with
special  passes  needed  which  were  issued  by  the Soviet High
Commissar.  The more stamps one had, the better it was!

Fear at that time was a constant part of life and it lasted until
1955  when  Austria  recovered  its sovereignty through the State
Treaty.

All this, however, is now history.  Former  enemies  have  become
friends.    The  little  boy  from  that  history  who  had  been
frightened by bombs dropped from U.S. B-17s has learned the  les-
sons of history and is now a member of the Confederate Air Force.

----

Hans Cloeter lives in Frankfurt, Germany today where his business
in  the  airline industry often takes him into Russia, the former
Soviet Union states and the U.S.  His family  ties  to  the  U.S.
goes  back  more  than  100 years.  Responding to the call of the
Southern Minnesota Wing's  membership recruitment campaign,  Hans
joined the Confederate  Air Force in 1993.

--
Robert J. Granvin                                    Southern Minnesota Wing
rjg@stat.umn.edu                                       Confederate Air Force
  You know you've made a gear-up landing when it takes full power to taxi.

------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 27 May 1993 11:56:53 EDT
From:    Lowe Barrett MAJ <hb9388@USMA6.USMA.EDU>
Subject: Re: U.S. Army Writing

Tim,

Off the top of my head, you are correct.  The US Army Air Force was the whole
of the operation:  planes, crews, mechanics, support structure, etc.

The branch of the officers was Air Corps.

If I find anything in writing, I'll let you know.

Barry

Barrett F. Lowe                    RANGERS LEAD THE WAY!
MAJ, IN
Dept of Physics, US Military Academy, West Point, NY 10996

------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 27 May 1993 11:58:48 EDT
From:    Andree Webb <ISALW@EMUVM1.BITNET>
Subject: Re: CEMETERIES

> Chris said:
The generation of the 1930's learned nothing and I very much fear that the
generations of the 1980/90's will learn nothing as well.
>
 But what is the lesson from WWII ? Isn't it different from the lesson
 from WWI ? Doesn't WWII tell us that it is best to stop a Hitler bent on
 genocide early on ?

Andree Webb
Atlanta

------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 27 May 1993 11:32:00 CDT
From:    "Roger Safian, (708) 491-4058" <ROGER@NUACC.BITNET>
Subject: 50 Years ago today?

Greetings,

    Have we lost our feed to the 50 Years ago today articles?  In the past
it seemed like they would come bunched a couple weeks at a time.  Does
anyone know what happened to them?  I really enjoyed them.

                                                    Roger

------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 27 May 1993 11:57:00 CDT
From:    "Robert J. Granvin" <rjg@UMNSTAT.STAT.UMN.EDU>
Subject: Re: Wrong war, please.

> SUMMER PROJECT!
>
> Anyone interested in compling a FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions) for World
> War II?  The top 10-100 questions most commonly asked in one file, made
> avialable via gopher. This could be divided into ETO and PTO or any other
> way that makes sense.
>
> Anyone interested?

I'd be willing to work _with someone_ on such a project if there is
someone interested...

--
Robert J. Granvin                                    Southern Minnesota Wing
rjg@stat.umn.edu                                       Confederate Air Force
  You know you've made a gear-up landing when it takes full power to taxi.

------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 27 May 1993 12:12:47 EST
From:    Larry Jewell <jewell@MACE.CC.PURDUE.EDU>
Subject: Re: Listserv

>
> Larry;
>
> I'm unable to get to the listserver.... for some reason,  att insists it
> doesn't know that machine.

  That's why listowners make the big bucks.  I'll fix you up.

>
> - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
> Bill Thacker             AT&T Network Systems       attmail!att!cbemf!wbt
> Quality Engineer            Columbus, Ohio              wbt@cbemf.att.com
>
Larry J

------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 27 May 1993 13:11:35 -0500
From:    Neal Smith <sasrns@UNX.SAS.COM>
Subject: Re: Wrong war, please.

>
> If we could return to discussion of World War II, please?  "Stealth" is
> interesting and could have proved quite valuable in earlier days (almost
> as valuable as Commanders who didn't understand radar ;-).
>


  Not to deviate from the subject of WWII any further, but...

  I wasn't following the discussion that you jumped on, but why can't
you just delete the messages, like I did, of the topics that don't
interest you?  I know that you "own" this list, but let everybody have
a little fun.  I unsub'ed from the Adv Squad Leader game list because
of these kinds of issues and I'd like for you to unsub me from this
list too.


Later
Neal Smith
sasrns@unx.sas.com


P.S.  I would have sent this privately, but I couldn't find your
      e-mail address.  I didn't know if owner-wwii ...  would work.

------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 27 May 1993 12:41:13 CDT
From:    "Robert J. Granvin" <rjg@UMNSTAT.STAT.UMN.EDU>
Subject: Re: CEMETERIES

> John Peterson writes:
> >...I can only imagine what it must be like to
> >see acres and acres of grave markers.  Sadly, I think we have forgotten
> >what happened only 50 years ago....
> >...Centuries from now, historians will look back on
> >World War II and see that it was THE turning point in history as we know it.
> >...I hope my generation
> >(I'm in my 20's) has the sense to be able to deal with it, and to not
> >forget the lessons of WW II.
>
> Interesting.  That's EXACTLY what people said about World War I - the great
> war to end all wars, the turning point, etc, etc.  I have stood at Tyne Cot
> Cemetery in Belgium, and the Menin Gate at Ypres and seen 100 000 names of
> men who went missing in Flanders between 1914 and 1918.
>
> The generation of the 1930's learned nothing and I very much fear that the
> generations of the 1980/90's will learn nothing as well.  I was amazed at
> the celebrations in the USA when the airforce massacred thousands of fleeing
> Iraqi conscripts in 1991.

WWI was a major turning point, but not to diminish it's importance to
history, it is WWII which created the world we live in today (but WWI
was a major ingredient to WWII by many methods).

WWII resulted in the largest human undertaking in history (no pun
intended!).  The loss of human life (and potential) is staggering as
well as the incredible technological advances and industrial construction.

But the legacy left behind is borders, politics and major world affairs.
Everyone has been touched by WWII in some manner.  The power centers have
been radically shifted and the primary functions of entire countries have
been either boosted, destroyed or completely changed.  Two super powers
emerged from the fray only to see one collapsing into pieces and the
other sometimes wonderin what's supposed to happen next.

This legacy, no matter what happens, will continue for a very long time.
The "ripple effect" of everything that happened in those six years will
continue to invade all future world events.

So, in perhaps most ways, WWII was the most major world altering event in
recent (and not so recent) history.   We are all still dealing with its
ramifications and implications on a daily basis.

--
Robert J. Granvin                                    Southern Minnesota Wing
rjg@stat.umn.edu                                       Confederate Air Force
  You know you've made a gear-up landing when it takes full power to taxi.

------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 27 May 1993 19:48:00 +0200
From:    JOHN AUSLAND <d_ausland_j@KARI.UIO.NO>
Subject: SUMMER PROJECT

  Oslo, May 27.  This struck me as an interesting project, and I fell
to thinking about what questions have been asked me about the war
and wondering if I could be helpful.
  I have come to the conclusion, however, that the suggestion must have
been addressed to teachers who teach about the war and hence hopefully
get some questions.
  As I search my memory, I cannot honestly remember anyone ever asking
a question about the war.  In fact, the first thing I learned on
returning to the US was that people did not want to hear about it.
In going through my letters, I found one complaining to my parents
that even the people at my artillery headquarters did not want to
hear what it was like at the front.
  Over the years, the only way I have been able to talk about the
war is to tell some of the funny incidents that happened.  Perhaps
this is one reason I wrote my book, to get at least a few people
to hear my story.  (I can add that the comments I have had so far
from people who have read it and the reviews here in the press have
been very gratifying.)
  Come to think about it, I have for some weeks been uploading stuff
here about my book and articles that are spin offs from it.  I
have had some technical questions about my computer article and
a few people have ordered my book, but I do not recall any questions
about the war.
  Let me be candid.  My message which has created the most response was
my last one about cemeteries, and the discussion soon drifted off
into speculations about Bill Mauldin - an interesting and more
comfortable subject.
  Thus, I am led to wonder how much interest the users of the list
really have in discussing World War II.
  Regards, John Ausland

------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 27 May 1993 12:44:09 -0400
From:    KAPLAN@DUQ3.DUQ.EDU
Subject: Re: Re. Cemetaries

I always took the proximity of WWII vets nearby for granted.  My dad and
uncles served in both the Pacific and Europe, in all the branches.  Dad
will talk about most aspects of his service, except the liberation of
Dachau and Auhdruf Concentration camps.

One of the historical twists of his wartime experiences involved the three
other buddies he was playing gin with at Cornell on Dec. 7, 1941.  They were
all from Brooklyn, (but William Bendix wouldn't portray any of them) and my
dad and onbe of the others already had orders to report for pre-flight
training once they finished the Spring semester.  The father of one of them
was a contractor in Manila, and would be liberated from a Japanese POW camp
in 1944 by his son.  After PH dad didn't get into the AAF because he's color-
blind; so he ended up in the Signal Corps.  What made his induction inter-
esting, was the Army in its infinite wisdom was going to send an entire con-
tingent of Brooklyn boys, primarily Italian and Jewish to somewhere in the
deep, deep South.  However they did it, and dad hints that they had a sit-
down strike at the induction ctr., the Army decided to save on the railroad
costs, and sent them to Camp Drum and Ft. Dix instead.

All of them survived the war, dad was captured during the Bulge for a day,
and one of them, Al Jaffe had two destroyers sunk under him.  Up until a
few years ago when they some of them moved on to retirement in Florida, they
maintained a pretty regular card game every week.  Their maturity through
the years is demonstrated as they progressed from gin to poker to bridge.


                                Richard Kaplan
                                kaplan@duq3.duq.edu

------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 27 May 1993 13:00:49 -0400
From:    "M. Joseph Barone" <m1b@SSD.RAY.COM>
Subject: U-boat wreck

        In the Spring 1993 issue of Military History Quarterly (IMO,
a superb publication worth its subscription price) is an article on
a recently discovered U-boat wreck.  It's written by Barbara Benton.
I present in its entirety below.

        U.S. Navy and German historians are mystified as to the identity
of a World War II "Unterseeboot" found by divers last year some sixty-five
miles off Point Pleasant, New Jersey.  The silt-covered wreck, complete
with torpedoes, lies upright and essentially intact about 230 feet below
the surface.  Its conning tower lies to the side. [The accompanying sketch
shows the conning tower broken off, to the side of the U-boat, with a
gaping hole amidship as well.  The hull is still in one piece.  -Joe]
The mysterious wreck lures explorers of varying expertise, but diving
is hazardous because of depth and low visibility, and because the wreck
is filled with debris and hanging cables.  Thus far, three divers have
died.

        A ten-man commercial diving team based in Point Pleasant has
recovered numerous intriguing items -- including pieces of china imprinted
with the Nazi eagle and swastika, engraved flatware, gauge housings, other
hardware, and some human remains -- but so far nothing to positively
identify the submarine.

        Members of the Point Pleasant diving team combed some 10,000
antisubmarine-warfare reports from the National Archives and Navy
Historical Center and corresponded with a decorated former U-boat
commander in Germany who has conducted research from that side, but
because the voluminous records are incomplete and sometimes inaccurate,
conclusions are limited.  At best, they are able to speculate that the
mystery sub is U-boat 851, the only unaccounted-for vessel in the
formidable German fleet that terrorized Allied shipping throughout
World War II.  It left Kiel, Germany, in February 1944, carrying
seventy-five tons of mercury, twenty-nine tons of lead, spare motor
parts, and radio equipment for the German embassy in Tokyo.  By April
it had disappeared, probably torpedoed.  The question remains as to
what it would have been doing off-course along the coast of New Jersey.
--
Joe Barone
m1b@rayssd.ssd.ray.com
Big Joe: What are you doing?
Oddball: Drinking some wine, eating some chesse, catching some rays.
Big Joe: Why aren't you up there fixing the tank?
Oddball: Hey, man, I just ride them, I don't know what makes them work.

------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 27 May 1993 13:56:20 CDT
From:    "Robert J. Granvin" <rjg@UMNSTAT.STAT.UMN.EDU>
Subject: Re: Wrong war, please.

> > If we could return to discussion of World War II, please?  "Stealth" is
> > interesting and could have proved quite valuable in earlier days (almost
> > as valuable as Commanders who didn't understand radar ;-).
>
>   Not to deviate from the subject of WWII any further, but...
>
>   I wasn't following 