Subject: WWII-L Digest - 31 May 1993 to 1 Jun 1993

From: Automatic digest processor <[email-masked]>
Date: Wed, 2 Jun 1993 00:00:31 -0400

There are 21 messages totalling 1123 lines in this issue.

Topics of the day:

  1. GEN: REALLY disuccusing the war
  2. USAAF 29 MAY 43
  3. USAAF 30 MAY 43
  4. USAAF 31 MAY 43
  5. USAAF 1 JUN 43
  6. ADMIN: New Flag, ARC:
  7. GEN: REPLIES TO MESSAGES (2)
  8. NEWS: BRIEFING FOR PRESIDENT KENNEDY ON BERLIN PLANNING
  9. THE LIST AND WWII
 10. Inflatable Dummies (2)
 11. balkans post (fwd)
 12. Long Lance Qyery
 13. REF: Order of Battle of Italian Army?? (2)
 14. FAQ
 15. 633 markings
 16. REF: Italian Army OoB, 1939-43
 17. subscription
 18. Returned mail: Unable to deliver mail (fwd)

----------------------------------------------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 1 Jun 1993 06:58:17 EDT
From:    Lowe Barrett MAJ <[email-masked]>
Subject: Re: GEN: REALLY disuccusing the war

Steve,

Thanks for giving me the correct quotation.

Barry

Barrett F. Lowe                    RANGERS LEAD THE WAY!
MAJ, IN
Dept of Physics, US Military Academy, West Point, NY 10996

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 1 Jun 1993 07:19:24 -0400
From:    [email-masked]
Subject: USAAF 29 MAY 43

COMBAT CHRONOLOGY OF THE US ARMY AIR FORCES
SATURDAY, 29 MAY 1943
FTP SITES
  1. ftp.rutgers.edu in directory pub/wwii/usaf
  2. byrd.mu.wvnet.edu (129.71.32.152) in pub/history/military/airforce/
     wwii_chronology

AIRCRAFT MENTIONED IN THIS REPORT:
  B-17, Boeing Flying Fortress
  B-18, Douglas Bolo
  B-24, Consolidated Liberator
  B-26, Martin Marauder
  B-40, Boeing Flying Fortress
  C-47, Douglas Skytrain
  P-38, Lockheed Lightning
  P-40, Curtiss
  Wellington, Vickers (RAF)

AMERICAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  ALASKA (Eleventh Air Force)
    In the Aleutians, no missions are flown. All of Attu Island is secure
after 19 days of fighting. US ground forces land on Shemya Island.

  CARIBBEAN (Sixth Air Force)
    The 417th Bombardment Squadron (Medium), 25th Bombardment Group
(Medium) transfers with B-18's from Vernam Field, Jamaica to Losey Field,
Puerto Rico.

CHINA-BURMA-INDIA THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  CHINA (Fourteenth Air Force)
    In China, 9 B-24's bomb Ichang. 4 P-40's hit targets of opportunity in
Tengchung and Lungling areas.

EUROPEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Eighth Air Force)
  VIII Bomber Command Mission Number 61: 169 B-17's are dispatched against
the submarine pens and locks at Saint-Nazaire, France; 147 aircraft hit
the target at 1706-1711 hours local; we claim 6-0-1 Luftwaffe aircraft; we
lose 8 B-17's, 1 is damaged beyond repair and 58 are damaged; casualties
are 10 WIA and 71 MIA. 7 YB-40's, heavily armored B-17's with increased
firepower for escorting bombers, fly their first mission. YB-40's show an
inability to keep up with B-17's and the need for modification of waist and
tail gun feeds and ammunition supplies. In two other raids, 72 B-17's are
dispatched against the Rennes, France naval depot; 57 hit the target at
1601-1605 hours; we claim 19-5-14 Luftwaffe aircraft; we lose 6 B-17's, 1
is damaged beyond repair and 30 others are damaged; casualties are 1 KIA,
10 WIA and 64 MIA. In the third raid, 38 B-24's are dispatched against
the U-boat yards at La Pallice, France; 34 hit the target without any
casualties on either side.

MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Northwest African Air Force)
    In Sicily during the night of 28/29 May, Northwest African Strategic
Air Force (NASAF) Wellingtons bomb the town areas, docks, and airfield at
Castelvetrano, Bo Rizzo, Trapani, and Marsala.
    In Sardinia, NASAF P-38's bomb Porto Ponte Romano.
    In the Mediterranean, P-40's, P-38's, and B-26's of NASAF and
Northwest African Tactical Air Force (NATAF) attack gun positions, a radar
station, and town area on Pantelleria Island.
    HQ 316th Troop Carrier Group transfers from Nouvion, Algeria to
Guercif, French Morocco.
    The 34th Troop Carrier Squadron, 315th Troop Carrier Group, based at
Aldermaston, England, begins operating with C-47's from Blida, Algeria.
    The 62d Troop Carrier Squadron, 314th Troop Carrier Group arrives at
Berguent, French Morocco from the US with C-47's.

SOUTHWEST PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Fifth Air Force)
  In New Guinea, B-17's bomb Madang and Alexishafen. Heavy and medium
bombers, operating individually or in flights of 2 bombers, attack the
town, airfields, shipping, docks, and other targets at various places,
including Babo, Nabire, Saidor, Finschhafen, and Manam Island; Cape
Gloucester in the Bismarck Archipelago; Damar Island, Soemba, and Soembawa
in the Sunda Islands; and Dili and Penfoei on Timor.

SOURCES:
AIR FORCE COMBAT UNITS OF WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force History,
  Headquarters USAF, 1961, ISBN 0-912799-02-1
COMBAT SQUADRONS OF THE AIR FORCE, WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force
  History, Headquarters USAF 1982
THE ARMY AIR FORCES IN WORLD WAR II: COMBAT CHRONOLOGY, 1941-1945 by the
 Office of Air Force History, Headquarters USAF, 1973
THE MIGHTY EIGHTH WAR DIARY by Roger A. Freeman, ISBN 1-85409-071-2

Jack McKillop
USAF (Airways and Air Communications Service)
1955-59

----------------------------------------------------------------------
|  Jack McKillop      |  Those who have long enjoyed such privileges |
|  Bellcore           |  as we enjoy forget in time that men have    |
|  Piscataway, NJ     |  died to win them.     FDR                   |
|  USA                |  [email-masked]                        |
----------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 1 Jun 1993 07:24:34 -0400
From:    [email-masked]
Subject: USAAF 30 MAY 43

COMBAT CHRONOLOGY OF THE US ARMY AIR FORCES
SUNDAY, 30 MAY 1943
FTP SITES
  1. ftp.rutgers.edu in directory pub/wwii/usaf
  2. byrd.mu.wvnet.edu (129.71.32.152) in pub/history/military/airforce/
     wwii_chronology

AIRCRAFT MENTIONED IN THIS REPORT:
  B-17, Boeing Flying Fortress
  B-24, Consolidated Liberator
  B-25, North American Mitchell
  C-47, Douglas Skytrain
  F-5, Lockheed Lightning
  P-38, Lockheed Lightning
  P-40, Curtiss
  Wellington, Vickers (RAF)

AMERICAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Eleventh Air Force)
  In the Aleutians, 8 P-4O's fly 4 reconnaissance missions to Kiska. 3
air-ground support missions to Attu by 7 B-24's and 12 B-25's drop no
bombs there and instead bomb Kiska installations. 2 B-24's and 12 P-38's
fly air cover missions over Attu and patrol the area. 3 F-5A's fly photo
reconnaissance and 8 P-40's attack and strafe tents and troops and blast
the runway at Kiska.

CENTRAL PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Seventh Air Force)
  The 19th Fighter Squadron, 318th Fighter Group transfers with P-40's
from NAS Barbers Point, Territory of Hawaii to Kipapa Field, Territory of
Hawaii.

CHINA-BURMA-INDIA THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  CHINA (Fourteenth Air Force)
    In China, 7 B-24's bomb artillery positions S of Ichang. 4 P-40's bomb
and strafe Tengchung and targets of opportunity along the Burma Road and
at Lamaing, Burma; 8 others on offensive sweep strafe several targets of
opportunity in the Ichang area; 11 others hit riverboats at Shasi and
trains NE of Yoyang.

MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Ninth Air Force)
    In Italy, B-24's hit Foggia Airfield, damaging buildings and hangars,
and destroying several aircraft.
    In the Mediterranean, B-25's attack concentrations on the NE slope of
Pantelleria Island.

  WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Northwest African Air Force)
    In the Mediterranean during the night of 29/30 May, Northwest African
Strategic Air Force (NASAF) Wellingtons bomb Pantelleria Island. The
following morning medium bombers and fighters also hit the island.
Northwest African Tactical Air Force (NATAF) fighters hit Pantelleria
Island.
    In Italy, P-38's bomb the Chilivani railway station and marshalling
yard, hit port and railroad at Aranci. B-17's bomb the Pomigliano aircraft
factory and landing ground and Capodichino Airfield and marshalling yard.
    In Sardinia, P-38's strafe targets of opportunity.
    The 43d Troop Carrier Squadron, 315th Troop Carrier Group, based at
Aldermaston, England, begins operating with C-47's from Blida, Algeria.

SOUTHWEST PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Fifth Air Force)
  In New Guinea,  B-17's bomb Wewak, Boram, and Madang.
  In the Celebes, B-24's hit the Kendari area.

SOURCES:
AIR FORCE COMBAT UNITS OF WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force History,
  Headquarters USAF, 1961, ISBN 0-912799-02-1
COMBAT SQUADRONS OF THE AIR FORCE, WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force
  History, Headquarters USAF 1982
THE ARMY AIR FORCES IN WORLD WAR II: COMBAT CHRONOLOGY, 1941-1945 by the
 Office of Air Force History, Headquarters USAF, 1973
THE MIGHTY EIGHTH WAR DIARY by Roger A. Freeman, ISBN 1-85409-071-2

Jack McKillop
USAF (Airways and Air Communications Service)
1955-59

----------------------------------------------------------------------
|  Jack McKillop      |  Those who have long enjoyed such privileges |
|  Bellcore           |  as we enjoy forget in time that men have    |
|  Piscataway, NJ     |  died to win them.     FDR                   |
|  USA                |  [email-masked]                        |
----------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 1 Jun 1993 07:27:12 -0400
From:    [email-masked]
Subject: USAAF 31 MAY 43

COMBAT CHRONOLOGY OF THE US ARMY AIR FORCES
MONDAY, 31 MAY 1943
FTP SITES
  1. ftp.rutgers.edu in directory pub/wwii/usaf
  2. byrd.mu.wvnet.edu (129.71.32.152) in pub/history/military/airforce/
     wwii_chronology

AIRCRAFT MENTIONED IN THIS REPORT:
  B-17, Boeing Flying Fortress
  B-24, Consolidated Liberator
  B-25, North American Mitchell
  F-5, Lockheed Lightning
  Liberator, Consolidated (RAF)
  P-38, Lockheed Lightning
  P-40, Curtiss

AMERICAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Eleventh Air Force)
  In the Aleutians, 5 F-5A's fly separate photo missions. 6 B-24's, 10
B-25's, 37 P-40's and 8 P-38's fly attack missions to Kiska. Their
targets include Gertrude Cove, AA installations, trenches, the North
Head runway, and a vessel.

CHINA-BURMA-INDIA THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  CHINA (Fourteenth Air Force)
    In China, 9 B-24's, escorted by US and Chinese P-40's, bomb Ichang
Airfield. The heavy bombers and fighters shoot down 5 fighters of an
intercepting group of about 20. 1 Chinese P-40 is lost. 6 P-4O's on
armed reconnaissance over the Siaokan area blast a train and strafe a
troop concentration.

MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Ninth Air Force)
    In Italy, Royal Air Force (RAF) heavy bombers, including Liberators
of No. 178 Squadron under operational control of the IX Bomber Command,
bomb oil stores, harbor, and seaplane base at Augusta.

  WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Northwest African Air Force)
    In Italy, Northwest African Strategic Air Force (NASAF) B-17's bomb
the airfield and marshalling yard at Foggia.
    In the Mediterranean, NASAF medium bombers and fighters hit defended
positions on Pantelleria Island. Northwest African Tactical Air Force
(NATAF) P-40's also hit positions on the island.
    In Sardinia, P-38's bomb Cagliari, a factory at Guspini, and a power
station at Santa Caterina.

SOUTH PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Thirteenth Air Force)
  In the Solomons, 3 B-24's on armed reconnaissance over S Bougainville
bomb the Numa Numa area and Tinputs. A small coastal vessel at Tinputs
is set afire.

SOUTHWEST PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Fifth Air Force)
  In New Guinea, B-24's pound Lae Airfield and the town area.

SOURCES:
AIR FORCE COMBAT UNITS OF WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force History,
  Headquarters USAF, 1961, ISBN 0-912799-02-1
COMBAT SQUADRONS OF THE AIR FORCE, WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force
  History, Headquarters USAF 1982
THE ARMY AIR FORCES IN WORLD WAR II: COMBAT CHRONOLOGY, 1941-1945 by the
 Office of Air Force History, Headquarters USAF, 1973
THE MIGHTY EIGHTH WAR DIARY by Roger A. Freeman, ISBN 1-85409-071-2

Jack McKillop
USAF (Airways and Air Communications Service)
1955-59

----------------------------------------------------------------------
|  Jack McKillop      |  Those who have long enjoyed such privileges |
|  Bellcore           |  as we enjoy forget in time that men have    |
|  Piscataway, NJ     |  died to win them.     FDR                   |
|  USA                |  [email-masked]                        |
----------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 1 Jun 1993 07:30:49 -0400
From:    [email-masked]
Subject: USAAF 1 JUN 43

COMBAT CHRONOLOGY OF THE US ARMY AIR FORCES
TUESDAY, 1 JUNE 1943
FTP SITES
  1. ftp.rutgers.edu in directory pub/wwii/usaf
  2. byrd.mu.wvnet.edu (129.71.32.152) in pub/history/military/airforce/
     wwii_chronology

AIRCRAFT MENTIONED IN THIS REPORT:
  A-20, Douglas Havoc
  B-17, Boeing Flying Fortress
  B-25, North American Mitchell
  B-26, Martin Marauder
  C-47, Douglas Skytrain
  F-5, Lockheed Lightning
  P-38, Lockheed Lightning
  P-39, Bell Airacobra
  P-40, Curtiss
  Wellington, Vickers (RAF)

AMERICAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Eleventh Air Force)
  In the Aleutian Islands, 2 P-40's, 1 B-24, and 1 F-5A fly weather
reconnaissance and photo runs and 8 B-25's, 18 P-38's, and 20 P-40's,
fly 7 attack missions to Kiska Island. Targets include parked aircraft
and installations, runway, gun positions, radar, and tents on South
Head, North Head, Gertrude Cove and Main Camp.
  The 36th Bombardment Squadron (Heavy), 28th Composite Group, based on
Amchitka Island begins operating from Adak Island with B-24's.
  During Jun 43, the 73d Bombardment Squadron (Medium), 28th Composite
Group transfers from Umnak Island to Amchitka Island with B-25's.

CHINA-BURMA-INDIA THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  CHINA (Fourteenth Air Force)
    20 P-40's dive-bomb warehouses and railroad yards at Changanyi,
China.

EUROPEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Eighth Air Force)
  During the month of June, HQ 40th Bombardment Wing (Heavy) arrives at
Brampton Grange, England from the US.

MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Northwest African Air Force)
    In the Mediterranean, an attack by Wellingtons against Pantelleria
Island during the night of 31 May/l Jun is followed by Northwest African
Strategic Air Force (NASAF) P-38's and B-17's while Northwest Tactical
Air Force (NATAF) P-40's attack gun positions on the island during the
day.
    In Italy, NASAF P-40's strafe seaplane base on Stagnone Island and
P-38's bomb the railroad near Balesrate.
    In Sardinia, P-38's, B-26's, and B-25's, bomb Porto Torres harbor,
Porto Ponte Romano and Olbia harbor.
    HQ 47th Bombardment Group (Light) and it's 84th, 85th, 86th and
97th Bombardment Squadrons (Light) transfer from Souk-el-Arba, Tunisia
to Soliman, Tunisia with A-20's.
    HQ 319th Bombardment Group (Medium) and it's 437th, 438th, 439th
and 440th Bombardment Squadrons (Medium) transfer from Rabat Sale,
French Morocco to Sedrata, Algeria with B-26's.
    HQ 321st Bombardment Group (Medium) and it's 445th, 446th, 447th
and 448th Bombardment Squadrons (Medium) transfers from Ain M'lila,
Algeria to Souk-el-Arba, Tunisia with B-25's.
    During Jun 43, the 14th and 53d Troop Carrier Squadrons, 61st Troop
Carrier Group, transfer from Lourmel, Algeria to Kairouan, Tunisia with
C-47's.

SOUTH PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Thirteenth Air Force)
  During Jun 43, the 67th Fighter Squadron, 347th Fighter Group which
has been operating from Guadalcanal with P-39's since Jan 43, returns to
it's base on New Caledonia Island.

SOUTHWEST PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Fifth Air Force)
  In New Guinea, B-25's hit Bogadjim and vicinity. B-24's bomb Lae
Airfield and nearby area.

SOURCES:
AIR FORCE COMBAT UNITS OF WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force History,
  Headquarters USAF, 1961, ISBN 0-912799-02-1
COMBAT SQUADRONS OF THE AIR FORCE, WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force
  History, Headquarters USAF 1982
THE ARMY AIR FORCES IN WORLD WAR II: COMBAT CHRONOLOGY, 1941-1945 by the
 Office of Air Force History, Headquarters USAF, 1973
THE MIGHTY EIGHTH WAR DIARY by Roger A. Freeman, ISBN 1-85409-071-2

Jack McKillop
USAF (Airways and Air Communications Service)
1955-59

----------------------------------------------------------------------
|  Jack McKillop      |  Those who have long enjoyed such privileges |
|  Bellcore           |  as we enjoy forget in time that men have    |
|  Piscataway, NJ     |  died to win them.     FDR                   |
|  USA                |  [email-masked]                        |
----------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 1 Jun 1993 09:20:18 EST
From:    Larry Jewell <[email-masked]>
Subject: ADMIN: New Flag, ARC:

In order to allow those not interested to opt out of the FAQ
discussion please mark all such will the ARC: flag.  I'll add
this to the Introduction and repost it at the end of the week.

I'm thinking that

WWII OnLine Archives (WWII-OLA)

would be a reasonable name for what we've been calling the FAQ.

Anyone have thoughts on this?  (I picked ARC vice OLA for the
flag since we will posting Archival information not restricted
to WWII-L at times, as For Your Information postings.)

Larry J

#L.W. Jewell WWII-L Listowner [email-masked]                       #
#"Sunday's horoscope is note worthy because of its strange, sudden and wholly #
#unpredictable and inexplicable occurrences, affecting all phases of life."   #
# "Your Horoscope" L.A. Evening Herald Express, Sat, 12/06/41                 #

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 1 Jun 1993 17:01:49 +0200
From:    JOHN AUSLAND <[email-masked]>
Subject: GEN: REPLIES TO MESSAGES

  Oslo, June 1.
  FOR BRIAN CLEMONS
  Stay tuned.  With Larry Jewell's encouragement, I will be sending
messages containing things I have written.  I have already sent
a couple articles from the International Herald Tribune, but I do
not know how you can go about seeing them now.  Perhaps Larry can
advise you.  (He tells me he will pass my articles on to BYRD,
the history FTP database, as he has time.)
  GERHARD REMPEL
  You asked about Berlin.  From 1961 to 1963, I was a member and
later Deputy Director of the Berlin Task Force.  This was an inter-
agency group responsible for day to day management of the Berlin
crisis.  Among my responsibility was contingency planning.  As a
result, I gave President Kennedy a briefing on our planning.  With
the cold war over, I was finally able not long ago to get the text
of this briefing, which I used as the basis for one of my articles
in the International Herald Tribune.
  Since the briefing is too long to upload as a message, I will
send separately the article.  (As I understand it, Berlin, being
a consequence of World War II, this article falls within the scope
of this list.)
  If there is interest, I could send an article which I wrote for
the IHT when the wall went down.
  Regards, John Ausland

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 1 Jun 1993 17:02:13 +0200
From:    JOHN AUSLAND <[email-masked]>
Subject: NEWS: BRIEFING FOR PRESIDENT KENNEDY ON BERLIN PLANNING

This is the original text of an article which appeared in the
International Herald Tribune on June 19, 1991 under the headline
A NUCLEAR WAR TO KEEP BERLIN OPEN?  (Some editorial changes
were made in Paris.)

            BRIEFING FOR KENNEDY ON BERLIN PLANNING
                        by John C. Ausland

     Oslo. The quarrel over whether Berlin should be the capital of a
united Germany is not the only sign the Cold War is over.  A
lesser noted event is that the State Department has recently
released to me a top secret briefing which I gave President
Kennedy in 1962.  Previous efforts to get this under the Freedom
of Information Act had failed on the grounds it still represented
planning regarding Berlin.
     I found this incongruous, since it was well known that
George Pacques, an agent working in NATO, had systematically
passed our contingency plans to the KGB.  Khruschev once remarked
to Averell Harriman that he had seen these and was not impressed.
     Encouraged by the disappearance of the wall, I tried again
recently to get the briefing and was rewarded with a copy, with
a few excisions concerning covert operations and nuclear weapons.
     Thirty years later, you may wonder why I wanted this
briefing.  It was not only because it represented an important
event in my life.  I was also curious to see what we were saying
at that time about the defense of allied rights in Berlin.
Unfortunately, the text does not reflect the most important thing
that happened during the briefing.  This was a statement made by
Kennedy about nuclear weapons.
     Given the apparent ease with which the wall came down, it
is not easy to recreate today the tension which existed in 1962.
For reasons which have never been clear to me, Khruschev had
suddenly reignited the struggle over Berlin.  After Kennedy's
ill-fated meeting with Khrushchev in Vienna in the spring of
1961, it was difficult for those of us working on Berlin to see
how we could extricate ourselves from the crisis without a war.
     The erection of the wall reinforced our anxiety and led to
an intensification of contingency planning regarding Berlin.
Planning documents multiplied until they filled two file drawers.
No imagined contingency was left unexamined.  Officials flew to
Camp David to play Berlin games, the best device yet found to
examine difficult policy problems.
     The planning, however, also assumed another dimension.
Under the guidance of Paul Nitze, who was then an advisor to both
Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara and President Kennedy,
planning became the crucible for selling flexible response to the
allies.
     In the middle of 1962, General Maxwell Taylor, military
advisor to President Kennedy, commented that it would be useful
to brief the president on Berlin planning.  Having recently given
such a briefing to the Berlin Task Force in the State Department,
I was nominated.
     While little attention had been paid to my briefing earlier,
it is remarkable how interesting something becomes when officials
find it is going to the president.  Having survived the resulting
onslaught of suggestions, sometime in August, 1962 I presented
the briefing to President Kennedy in the Cabinet Room.  As usual,
a number of senior officials were also present, including
Secretary of State Rusk and Secretary of Defense McNamara.
     The briefing used as its framework National Security Action
Memorandum 109, commonly known as the Poodle Blanket, which
President Kennedy had approved in October, 1961.  This used a
four phase scenario, which ran as follows:
     Phase 1.  Soviet or east German interference with access to
Berlin.  For this phase, the allies had prepared a number of
military plans regarding access.  On the ground, these provided
for token allied military probes, under the rubric Free Style.
Plans regarding air access called for putting military pilots
on commercial aircraft if the civilian pilots refused to fly.
Under some circumstances, fighter aircraft would provide
protection under the rubric Jack Pine.
     Phase 2.  Significant blockage of access to Berlin.  This
phase would be characterized by intense diplomatic activity, a
NATO military buildup, and an airlift as needed.  There could
also be naval countermeasures, economic countermeasures, and
covert action designed to encourage passive resistance.
     Phase 3.  If measures taken in Phase 2 did not end the
blockage, the allies would undertake offensive non-nuclear
operations.  The names assigned to these plans were Trade Wind
and June Ball.
     Phase 4.  If the conventional military action were
"unsuccessful in inducing the Soviets to restore Allied right in
Berlin," there could be a resort to nuclear weapons.
     Although this scenario may sound bold, the briefing conveyed
considerable caution.   At one point, I noted that this was a
conceptual framework and not an attempt to predict how history
will unroll.  Furthermore, I added that "we have no idea of
rushing from one phase to another."
     This reflected President Kennedy's outlook.  As Secretary
Rusk commented to several of us once, "You must remember, in
dealing with the Russians, he always has in the back of his mind
nuclear weapons."
     Later, when I became involved in nuclear planning, I
understood better what he had in mind.  Nevertheless, at the time
it was difficult to reconcile the president's concern with a
remark he made during the briefing.  When I was discussing Phase
4 and the possible use of nuclear weapons, he interrupted to say,
"I suppose if we get involved in a war in Europe we will have no
choice but to use nuclear weapons."
     Silence fell upon the room for a moment, and then I resumed
the briefing.  Robert McNamara has recently revealed that he
subsequently cautioned Kennedy against every authorizing the use
of nuclear weapons.
     The irony was that shortly after this briefing Khruschev
threw Kennedy a curve ball by deploying nuclear missiles to Cuba.
This was a terrible mistake on his part, for it moved the action
from Khruschev's front yard to Kennedy's.  As a result, it was -
happily - never necessary to determine if the US and their allies
were as bold as their planning.
     Although we continued to have difficulty regarding ground
access to Berlin after the Cuban missile crisis, we ceased to
worry about Soviet harassment leading to war.
        John C. Ausland CIS: 73240,2704
        Internet: [email-masked]

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 1 Jun 1993 08:59:36 -0700
From:    Thomas Cardoza <[email-masked]>
Subject: Re: THE LIST AND WWII

John,
I too would be very interested in your experience.  Since I have to teach
all this in the post WWII segment of Western Civ., your knowledge would
make a very useful primary source.

Tom Cardoza
UCSB

On Mon, 31 May 1993, GERHARD REMPEL wrote:

> John Ausland said:
> >My boss when I was working on the Berlin crisis in the early
> 1960s in State had had no military experience but had a remarkably
> good grasp of the military aspects of the problem...............<
>
> I for one would like to hear more about your experience with the Berlin
> crisis at the time the wall went up. Could you tell us what you were doing
> at the time and how you view those events now?
>
> Gerhard Rempel
> GRempel@WNEC/Western New England College, Springfield, Ma 01119. USA

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 1 Jun 1993 09:09:47 -0700
From:    Thomas Cardoza <[email-masked]>
Subject: Re: Inflatable Dummies

Bob is right about the ubiquitousness of the photo of the dummy Sherman.
I my memory serves me right the relevant volume of the Time-Life series
has a copy, as do many other books.  Since the Germans expected an attack
at Pas de Calais and expected Patton to lead it, old George had to command
a dummy army made up mostly of inflatable tanks, empty tents and barracks,
and a mass of signals personnel duplicating the radio traffic of a force
preparing for an invasion. Apparently, it worked, too!

TC

On Mon, 31 May 1993, Bob Smart wrote:

> > Filed under Weird Weapons ..
> >
> > I remember reading about the Allies producing large
> > quantities of inflatable dummy tanks and airplanes
> > and situating them strategically around England,
> > so as to mislead Axis agents both on the ground
> > and in the air about the resources available for
> > the invasion of France.
> >
> > Does anyone have the story ?
>
> You've got the basic story. Lots of photo spreads on the pre-invasion buildup
> have a photo showing an inflatable tank ( I've seen the same photo so many
> times I can visualize it right now, I just can't find it).  I beleive one of
> their main uses was to simulate the buildup of Pattons imagenary army that was
> supposedly going to launch the main invasion in Pas de Calais.
>
> Same types of decoys are still used, theyve just gotten more sophisticated
> so that they can fool thermal and other sensors.
>
> Bob Smart ([email-masked])

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 1 Jun 1993 11:15:34 EST
From:    Larry Jewell <[email-masked]>
Subject: Re: balkans post (fwd)

Anyone give us some pointers on this?  Reply to the list or to Mr. Greenslade
directly.

Thanks,
Larry J

Forwarded message:
> From [email-masked] Tue Jun  1 11:07:04 1993
> From: [email-masked]
> Date: Tue, 1 Jun 93 17:03:58 BST
> Message-Id: <[email-masked]>
> To: [email-masked]
> Subject: re:balkans post
>
> Hi,
>        I am at the moment trying to compile an order of battle of the Italian Army. In your post you mention the Germans and Bulgarians but not the Italians. If you have any info on the OB of the Italian Army in the Balkans I would be eternally grateful.
>               Thanks.
>                  Bill Greenslade
>
>

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 1 Jun 1993 12:53:26 -0400
From:    MAX HARE <[email-masked]>
Subject: Re: Long Lance Qyery

Mr.Gannon,

For information on evaluation of the Japanese Long Lance you might try
the following books:

Gerrard-Gough, J.D.
THE GRAND EXPERIMENT AT INYOKERN: NARRATIVE OF THE NAVAL ORDNANCE TEST
STATION DURING THE SECOND WORLD WAR AND THE IMMEDIATE POSTWAR YEARS.
Washington: Naval History Division
U.S. Govt. Printing Office ,1978.

You might be able to find this at a Govt. Docs. Depository. You might
also try the books:

Turner, John Frayn. cn.
SERVICE MOST SILENT; THE NAVYS FIGHT AGAINST ENEMY MINES
London, Harrap, 1955

Duncan , Robert Caruthers
AMERICAS USE OF SEA MINES.
White Oak,  Md. , US Naval Ordnance Laboratory, 1962

While the last two deal mostly with mines , its possible they might
contain something of intelligence of enemy torpedo development.  I have
not seen copies so I dont know.  Good luck.

Max C. Calderwood
University of Southern Maine
Gorham, ME
[email-masked]

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 1 Jun 1993 12:23:21 EDT
From:    "[email-masked]. --Scherrer,
         Tim A." <[email-masked]>
Subject: Re: Inflatable Dummies

A good reference on this is _The Art of Deception In Warfare, Colonel
Michael Dewar, A David & Charles Military Book, 1989 (forgot to get
ISBN--let me know if you need it).

The book has pictures of an inflatable lorry, and inflatable Sherman
tank.  The tank was made by Dunlop Tire Company, and inflated just like
a baloon.  It listed that deflated the dummy was stored in a bag the
size of a cricket bag.  (Don't ask me how big that is).

This is a good book, and I purchased my copy through the Military Book
Club about two years ago.  The first half of the book is historical, the
second half deals with current and Soviet threat.  I guess the Soviet
threat is sort of history as well.

Tim

************************************************************************
*  Tim A. Scherrer          "You'll be fighting WWII for the rest of   *
*  Facilities Supervisor     your life", Ron Scherrer, 1971            *
*  WP:816-785-5253                                                     *
*  HP:816-665-6704                                                     *
*  ID# [email-masked]                             *
************************************************************************

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 1 Jun 1993 14:50:12 EDT
From:    Robert E George <[email-masked]>
Subject: REF: Order of Battle of Italian Army??

I believe you will find a sketchy OofB for the Italian Army in
the 4th or 5th volume of Sir Winston S. Churchill's "The Second World
War"

Regards,
Rob George

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 1 Jun 1993 14:59:00 EDT
From:    Charles <[email-masked]>
Subject: Re: FAQ

Hi,

   Here's a massaged version of Larry Jewell's categorization of
questions.  I have included all the questions actually posed, in
the place I figured they'd appear in the categories.

   This is mostly to spur on discussion.  A net-resource for history
of this type would be of immestable use (so I won't try to estimate
it :-), and would probably serve as an example for other such documents
later in "the life of the net."  (Need a PhD?  Come on down! :-)

Combatants (Descriptions)
                * Who were the Allies?  Who were the Axis?
   "Allies"
        China
        France
        UK
        US
        USSR
        Others
   "Axis"
        Germany
        Italy
        Japan
        Others

Geo-Politics
   Pre-war maneuverings and alliances
        Europe
        Pacific

   During-war maneuverings and armtwisting
        Europe
        Pacific
                * Why is it that Russia and Japan, despite their
                  alliances, never declared war on each other?
                * Why did the Western Allies stop at the Elbe?
   Postwar (rebuilding of combatants, etc)
                * Why did Stalin get free reign in eastern Europe at
                  Yalta?

Internal Politics of Combatants
   Germany
        Ramp-up to war
        Plots against Hitler
        Holocaust
        <etc>
   Japan
   UK
   USA
                * How much did FDR, Hoover, etc. know in advance about
                  the coming Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor?
                * How much information did the Allies have about the
                  Death Camps before Normandy (or rather, before the
                  first concentration camp liberation)?
                * When did the Western Allies first learn of Stalin's
                  monstrosities, specifically the Ukrainian Terror
                  Famine?  If we knew about these before the end of
                  the war, why did we trust Stalin at Potsdam?
                * Why did Truman opt to use the Bomb on Japan instead
                  of either 1) continuing conventional warfare or 2)
                  using it in an open demonstration on an uninhabited
                  isle as a threat of what could happen were Japan not
                  to surrender?

   USSR
   Others

Strategic Military Issues
   ETO
     Scandinavia
     North Africa
     Italy
     France
   PTO
     China
     Southeast Asia
     Australia
     Central Pacific
   Eastern Front
     North
     Center
     South
     Balkans
     Middle East

Strategic Economic Issues
   Production
   Money-flow
   Supply-flow

Military Tactics
   Land Battle
     Blitzkreig
     Island Hopping
   Sea Battle
     Submarine warfare
     Carrier tactics
   Air Battle
     Day/Night Bombing
     Close air support

Technology
   Army
     Small Arms
     Heavy Weapons
   Air
                * What was the USAAF designation scheme? same for USN
                  and IJN, ones could be done on designation schemes
                  for all major combatants
     Fighters
     Bombers
                * What is an LB-30?
     Etc.
   Navy
                * What was the USN ship designation scheme? (were
                  Battlecruisers CC or CB :-))
                * One of my favorites is the wooden fins on the
                  torpedoes used by IJN at Pearl Harbor.  The fins
                  were to stabilize the torpedoes while they were in
                  the air, but countless times I've seen it said that
                  they were for use in the water.
     Carriers
     BB's
     Amphibious Assualt

   "Boffins"
     Radar
     Sonar
     Atomic
     "Funny Tanks"
   Technology Effects
                * If the Germans had all these whizzo weapons (Me 262's,
                  great tanks, missiles, jet bombers, etc. etc.), how
                  could they lose?

Individual Battles
   Pacific
        <many>
   Europe
        Overlord, 1944
                *  Preparations in England
                   a. Given the shortage of space in England, where
                      did American forces train?
                   b. How many casualties were suffered by American
                      forces during training?  (It may surprise some
                      to learn that there were over 800, but behind
                      this lies a story.)
                *  The Invasion
                   a. Why did Eisenhower delay the invasion for a day?
                   b. Why did the First Division run into unexpected
                      resistance on Omaha Beach?
                   c. Why was the Fourth Division landed at the wrong
                      place on Utah Beach?  What were the
                      consequences?
        Cobra, 1944
                * Why were there so many casualties from the Air Force
                  bombing?
                * What infantry units were involved in the initial
                  assault which followed the bombing?

        Berlin, 1945
                * How many casualties did the Russians take capturing
                  Berlin?
                * What *did* happen to Hitler, Himmler, and the rest of
                  the Bunker gang?
        <many more>

   Others
        Battle of the Atlantic
                *  What mistakes did the British and
                   Americans make at first?
                *  What enabled them to win the battle?
                *  What losses and casualties did the German
                   submarine fleet suffer?

Spy and Counterspy
   Spying
   Codebreaking
                * What is Enigma, and how much did it *really* affect
                  the conduct of the war?
   Covert Operations

Veterans, Surviors,  and Re-enactors
   Veterans
        Veterans Groups and Associations (the world over)
        Veterans Reunions and Tours
        <etc>
   Survivors
        Tracing Family
                * I was sheltered during the war by people
                  whose name I don't know.  How can I find
                  it?
                * What happened to my parents during the war
                  (e.g. where did they serve, what units,
                  etc.)
                * What is my name, birthdate or birthplace?
        <etc>
   Re-enactors
        Re-enactor groups and activities

Historiography
   Histories
   Historians
        The 8th Air Force Historical Society
        <others>
   Museums
   Research-information sources (archives, etc.)

Charles

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 1 Jun 1993 15:35:39 EDT
From:    S214000 <[email-masked]>
Subject: Re: 633 markings

Hello everyone,
I'm currently building a model of the mosquito(?) and would like to
know what the markings were the the 633 squadron. Can anyone help me?
Thanks

Mike Wilson
Northern Michigan University
Marquette, Michigan

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 1 Jun 1993 16:14:00 CDT
From:    Shawn Robert Woodford <[email-masked]>
Subject: REF: Italian Army OoB, 1939-43

I missed the request for information on the Italian Army OoB but the following
are the best sources I have yet discovered:

*Italian Army Order of Battle: 1940-44: Between Fascism and Monarchy* edited by
W. Victor Madej.  Allentown, PA: Game Publishing Co., 1990; and

*Italian Army Handbook, 1940-1943*  edited by W. Victor Madej.  Allentown, PA:
Game Publishing Co., 1984.

Both books are based on TME 30-240 "Handbook on the Italian Military Forces"
printed by the US Military Intelligence Service on 3 August 1943.  Both books
are excellent sources on OoB info and technical information.  Of course, they
both suffer from the minor innacuracies that plague wartime intelligence
material, but that is a minor quibble.

I hope this is a help,

Shawn Robert Woodford, Kansas State
[email-masked]

------------------------------

Date:    Wed, 2 Jun 1993 08:25:42 EDT
From:    [email-masked]
Subject: Re: REF: Order of Battle of Italian Army??

For an OofB for the Italian Army when they entered the war ( ie mid 1940 )
try "First Victory" by George Forty. The book deals with Operation Compass
and has chapters detailing the opposing forces.

For a TO&E of Italian Army divisions circa 1942-43, try "The Forgotten
Alemain" by Charles Messenger.

David M.
[email-masked]

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 1 Jun 1993 16:24:04 PDT
From:    Mary Hubert <[email-masked]>
Subject: Re: subscription

how do i subscribe?

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 1 Jun 1993 21:05:00 EST
From:    GERHARD REMPEL <[email-masked]>
Subject: Re: GEN: REPLIES TO MESSAGES

For John Ausland -

Thank you for your response to my query about your activities in 1961 re
Berlin crisis. Thank you also for the copy of your Kennedy briefing. -
I thought your name rang a bell when I first saw it. Now I know where I
saw it first - in Curtis Cate's "The Ides of August: The Berlin Crisis 1961"
(New York: M. Evans, 1978). You get at least three pages and a reference
on a fourth. He cites a mimeographed paper you wrote. I assume he interviewed
you for the book. Do you agree with some of Cate's conclusions, e.g. his
harsh judgement of Dean Rusk's disinterest if not incompetence, influenced,
apparently by Rusk's prewar experiences at Humboldt University? Cate leaves
the impression that Western leaders were largely asleep at the wheel when
the wall went up. That at least is my recollection - it has been some time
since I read the book.

Gerhard Rempel
GRempel@WNEC/Western New England College, Springfield, Ma 01119. USA

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 1 Jun 1993 21:25:40 EST
From:    Larry Jewell <[email-masked]>
Subject: Returned mail: Unable to deliver mail (fwd)

Can someone with UUCP forward this to the addressee?  I'm going to take
John's ten silver dollars and go get drunk.

Larry J

Forwarded message:
> From MAILER-DAEMON Tue Jun  1 21:23:32 1993
> Date: Tue, 1 Jun 93 21:23:30 -0500
> From: MAILER-DAEMON (Mail Delivery Subsystem)
> Subject: Returned mail: Unable to deliver mail
> Message-Id: <[email-masked]>
> To: jewell
>
>    ----- Transcript of session follows -----
> 554 [email-masked]... Non-Local UUCP Mail Unavailable
>
>    ----- Unsent message follows -----
> Received: by mace.cc.purdue.edu (5.61/Purdue_CC)
>       id AA23380; Tue, 1 Jun 93 21:23:30 -0500
> From: jewell (Larry Jewell)
> Message-Id: <[email-masked]>
> Subject: Re: My Removal from WWII-l
> To: [email-masked] (The Invigilator)
> Date: Tue, 1 Jun 93 21:23:29 EST
> In-Reply-To: <[email-masked]>; from "The Invigilator" at Jun 1, 93 3:54 pm
>
> >
> > Why was I removed from the WWII-L? I got a message saying this on May 20th.
> > Did I break some rule or was I unsubscribed? Look forward to your response.
>
>   emergency measure.  I got dozens of error messages from your site on
> each message posted to the list.  I couldn't get through to you, so I had
> to drop you until you contacted me.  Feel free to re-sub to the list, not
> personal, just that I get 100-500 messages a day over and above the errors
> and have to handle problems in the most expedient way available, and
> apologize later.
>
> > -- Via DLG Pro v0.995
> >
> > Paul Ayotte.
> > [email-masked]
> >
> Enjoy,
> Larry J
>

------------------------------

End of WWII-L Digest - 31 May 1993 to 1 Jun 1993
************************************************