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There are 26 messages totalling 1063 lines in this issue.

Topics of the day:

  1. USAAF 2 JUN 43
  2. ARC: H-Net Online Guide: Library of Congress (2)
  3. Gummimaedchen: Inflatable Tanks
  4. ARC: FAQ Structure (3)
  5. POL: Women Ferry Pilots?? (8)
  6. Gopher Server (2)
  7. GEN: REPLIES TO MESSAGES (2)
  8. NEWS: A BERLIN WALL A QUARTER CENTURY LATER
  9. GEN: HELP!! (3)
 10. GEN: HELP!! [right-arm rates] (2)
 11. USAAF 2 JUN 42

----------------------------------------------------------------------

Date:    Wed, 2 Jun 1993 07:14:55 -0400
From:    jem3@CC.BELLCORE.COM
Subject: USAAF 2 JUN 43

COMBAT CHRONOLOGY OF THE US ARMY AIR FORCES
WEDNESDAY, 2 JUNE 1943
FTP SITES
  1. ftp.rutgers.edu in directory pub/wwii/usaf
  2. byrd.mu.wvnet.edu (129.71.32.152) in pub/history/military/airforce/
     wwii_chronology

AIRCRAFT MENTIONED IN THIS REPORT:
  B-17, Boeing Flying Fortress
  B-24, Consolidated Liberator
  B-25, North American Mitchell
  P-38, Lockheed Lightning
  P-40, Curtiss
  Wellington, Vickers (RAF)

CHINA-BURMA-INDIA THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  CHINA (Fourteenth Air Force)
    In China, 5 B-25's, escorted by 10 P-4O's, bomb Pailochi Airfield. 18
P-4O's strafe troop barges and launches at Itu and 6 long columns of
troops E of Changyang.

EUROPEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Eighth Air Force)
  HQ 13th Bombardment Wing (Medium) arrives at Marks Hall, England from
the US.
  HQ 100th Bombardment Group (Heavy) and it's 350th, 351st and 418th
Bombardment Squadrons (Heavy) with B-17's arrives at Thorpe Abbots,
England from the US. They will fly their first combat mission on 25 Jun
43.
  HQ 381st Bombardment Group (Heavy) and it's 532d, 533d, 534th and
535th Bombardment Squadrons (Heavy) with B-17's arrive at Ridgewell,
England from the US. They will fly their first combat mission on 22 Jun
43.

MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Ninth Air Force)
    HQ 324th Fighter Group and it's 315th and 316th Fighter Squadrons
with P-40's transfer from an unknown location in Tunisia to Kairouan,
Tunisia.

  WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Northwest African Air Force)
    During the night of 1/2 Jun, Wellingtons of Northwest African
Strategic Air Force (NASAF) hit Pantelleria Island in the Mediterranean
and drop pamphlets on Naples, Italy. Fighters and medium bombers hit
Pantelleria during the following morning and afternoon. P-38's attack the
airfield at Milo, Sicily while P-40's strafe targets of opportunity
in Sardinia.
    HQ 12th Bombardment Group (Medium) and it's 81st, 82d and 434th
Bombardment Squadrons (Medium) with B-25's and HQ 340th Bombardment
Group (Medium) transfer from Sfax, Tunisia to Hergla, Tunisia.

SOUTH PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Thirteenth Air Force)
  In the Solomon Islands, 2 B-24's on armed reconnaissance attack gun
positions, cargo boats, and shipping at Numa Numa and Tinputs.

SOUTHWEST PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Fifth Air Force)
  In New Guinea, B-17's and B-24's bomb airfields at Wewak, Boram, Dagua,
and But. Isolated shipping strikes result in little damage to vessels and
barges.

SOURCES:
AIR FORCE COMBAT UNITS OF WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force History,
  Headquarters USAF, 1961, ISBN 0-912799-02-1
COMBAT SQUADRONS OF THE AIR FORCE, WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force
  History, Headquarters USAF 1982
THE ARMY AIR FORCES IN WORLD WAR II: COMBAT CHRONOLOGY, 1941-1945 by the
 Office of Air Force History, Headquarters USAF, 1973
THE MIGHTY EIGHTH WAR DIARY by Roger A. Freeman, ISBN 1-85409-071-2

Jack McKillop
USAF (Airways and Air Communications Service)
1955-59


----------------------------------------------------------------------
|  Jack McKillop      |  Those who have long enjoyed such privileges |
|  Bellcore           |  as we enjoy forget in time that men have    |
|  Piscataway, NJ     |  died to win them.     FDR                   |
|  USA                |  jem3@cc.bellcore.com                        |
----------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

Date:    Wed, 2 Jun 1993 06:23:25 EST
From:    Larry Jewell <jewell@MACE.CC.PURDUE.EDU>
Subject: ARC: H-Net Online Guide: Library of Congress

Forwarded for you information.
Larry J

Date:         Tue, 1 Jun 1993 23:59:05 -0600
From: RICHARD JENSEN <CAMPBELLD%APSU.BITNET@UBVM.cc.buffalo.edu>
Subject:      H-Net Online Guide: Library of Congress
To: Multiple recipients of list HISTOWNR <HISTOWNR@UBVM.cc.buffalo.edu>
Status: OR

Comments: Originally-From: RICHARD JENSEN <CAMPBELLD@APSU.BITNET>

 A. H-Net On-Line Guide: "Library of Congress Online"
    June 1, 1993
    The Library of Congress catalog is now on line, free.
    to get there use your TELNET command [see below for help]
    TELNET LOCIS.LOC.GOV
    (no login or password needed)
    if successful, you will get this screen: follow the menu
    choices: <<what follows are screen dumps:>>
    ============================================================
             L O C I S :  LIBRARY OF CONGRESS INFORMATION SYSTEM
              To make a choice: type a number, then press ENTER
      1   Library of Congress Catalog  4   Braille and Audio
      2   Federal Legislation          5   Organizations
      3   Copyright Information        6   Foreign Law
      7   Searching Hours and Basics
      8   Documentation and Classes
      9   Library of Congress General Information
     12   Comments and Logoff
    1. option 1 brings up this menu:
                           LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOG
       CHOICE
        1   BOOKS: English language books 1968-, French 1973-,
            German, Portuguese, Spanish 1975-, other European
            languages 1976-77, non-European languages 1978-79.
            Some microforms 1984-.
        2   BOOKS earlier than the dates above.  Some serials,
            maps, music, audiovisual items.
        3   Combination of files 1 and 2 above  (LOCI and PREM).
        4   SERIALS cataloged at LC & some other libraries since
            1973.
        5   MAPS and other cartographic items cataloged at LC 1968-
            and some other research libraries 1985-.  Atlases
            (which are books) are in LOCI and PREM
        6   SUBJECT TERMS and cross references from LC Subject
            Headings.
       12   Return to LOCIS MENU screen.
    2. LOCIS is available for on-site researchers during all hours
       LC is open. For researchers using LOCIS over the Internet,
       the following hours apply: (all times US eastern; closed
       national holidays) Mon-Fri: 6:30am-9:30pm
       Sat: 8:00am-5:00pm      Sun: 1:00pm-5:00pm
       The Library of Congress Information System (LOCIS) consists
       of two systems.
       1  SCORPIO provides browsable indexes, set creation, boolean
       combinations, advanced limiting features, and individual
       word searching in some files.
       2  MUMS provides searching for individual words, searching
       on some numbers,     left-match "compression key" searching,
       boolean combinations, and several     advanced techniques.
       You can combine the searching features of both systems.
       HELP screens exist for most files and commands.
    3. The Term Index, updated on 05/02/93, contains 8,847,765
       terms.
         CONTENTS: Books, some microforms:
        TO START                                   EXAMPLES:
          SEARCH:  subject        -->     browse solar energy
                   author         -->     browse faulkner, william
                   title 1        -->     browse megatrends
                   call # (partial)----->     browse call QA76.9
                   individual words----->     find internet
                   LC card number ------>     loci 80-14332
       =====================================================
       <<end LC screen dumps; back to H-Net OnLine Guide>>
 B. USING TELNET:
    Most college and university computers have telnet service
    (but not all).  Telnet is a way to log onto remote computers
    (in this case, LOC.GOV = the Library of Congress). To log
    on, of course, you need an account name (in this case
    LOCIS). (Usually you need a password too, but not here.)
    1. Exactly which procedure you use depends on the type of
       mainframe you have: VAX ("VM"), IBM ("VMS" or "CMS") or
       UNIX.  (Sorry, I've never used UNIX.)
    2. VAX mail looks like this:
           # From                 Date         Subject
           1 VUNSF::"SLNELSON@ucs  1-JUN-1993  RE: message received
           2 IN%"DRAYNOR@UOTTAWA.  1-JUN-1993
       If you have a MAIL prompt when reading your mail, you have a
       VAX. It's easy. Type QUIT and get the $ prompt. Then enter
            TELNET LOCIS.LOC.GOV
       or else try
            TELNET 140.147.254.3
       or try
            TN3270 140.147.254.3
       a) If you get: the telnet> prompt, try:
          open 140.147.254.3
          1)      If you get:
             $ TELNET LOCIS.LOC.GOV
             %DCL-W-IVVERB, unrecognized command verb - check validity
             and spelling
             you're out of luck. Check with your computer center.
       b) To exit: option 12 from main LC screen, then EXIT to get out
          of telnet.
    3. If you get this, you're IBM:
        U08946   RDRLIST  A0  V 164  Trunc=164 Size=7 Line=1 Col=1 Alt=0
       Cmd   Filename Filetype Class User  at Node     Hold  Records  Date
             LISTOWNR MEMO     PUN A U20566   UICVM    NONE      357 05/24
             HOLOCAUS LIST     PUN N LISTSERV UICVM    NONE        8 05/29
             H-WOMEN  LIST     PUN N LISTSERV UICVM    NONE        8 05/29
    4. escape back out of mail (ESC 3 works for me; try also F3,
       and ctl Z and esc . ) to the blank screen. Then enter
       GETDISK TELNET
       [a message says something like:
       The TELNET minidisk is now attached RR as 500 M ]
       then enter:
       LOCIS.LOC.GOV
       or
       140.147.254.3
       a) To exit: option 12 from main LC screen, then EXIT to get out
          of telnet.
 C. Hint: If you are using ProComm terminal, when you see a
    screen you want to save, hit ALT G keys.  This "dumps" the
    screen into a file on your PC.  (The name of the file is set
    by the ProComm command ALT S 4 4 <filename you select>.
    This is much easier than PrintScrn because you can use the
    dump file in your word processor.  In ProComm, the ALT F1
    command opens a file that saves everything shown on the
    screen.  This works ok for VAX mainframe computers but adds
    a huge amount of garbage on IBM mainframes.
 D. Bibliography:
    David L. Wilson, "Vast Catalog at Library of Congress Is Now
    on Internet," Chronicles of Higher Education (June 2, 1993)
    p. A16.  I have heard that only 60 ports are open--they
    surely need 600 for all the users who need access. Good
    luck! (and if this how-to-guide is wrong or misleading,
    please let Richard Jensen know at CAMPBELLD@apsu.  Thanks RJ

------------------------------

Date:    Wed, 2 Jun 1993 07:28:44 EDT
From:    "AD16000@NEMOMUS.BITNET. --Scherrer,
         Tim A." <AD16%NEMOMUS.BITNET@MIZZOU1.MISSOURI.EDU>
Subject: Gummimaedchen: Inflatable Tanks

I received another book in the mail last night that has some good
pictures and info in it---_Hoodwinking Hitler: The Normandy Deception_,
By William B. Breuer, Praeger, Westport, Connecticut, 1993, ISBN
0-275-94438-7

It has pictures of an inflatable Sherman tank, and of an inflatable
Piper Cub.

Tim

************************************************************************
*  Tim A. Scherrer          "You'll be fighting WWII for the rest of   *
*  Facilities Supervisor     your life", Ron Scherrer, 1971            *
*  WP:816-785-5253                                                     *
*  HP:816-665-6704                                                     *
*  ID# AD16%NEMOMUS@ACADEMIC.NEMOSTATE.EDU                             *
************************************************************************

------------------------------

Date:    Wed, 2 Jun 1993 08:36:43 EST
From:    Larry Jewell <jewell@MACE.CC.PURDUE.EDU>
Subject: ARC: FAQ Structure

>
> Hi,
>
>    Here's a massaged version of Larry Jewell's categorization of
> questions.  I have included all the questions actually posed, in
> the place I figured they'd appear in the categories.

Thanks, Charles!

I think the first thing we should do is find out what is available on-line,
determine where it fits into the structure, and note it.  That way we can
discover what's where and what's needed.  This will avoid duplication of
effort and show what subjects have the best and worst coverage.

I'm thinking that an early step would be a pointer to the files such as

Technology
   Navy
      *Where the USN "Battlecruisers" CC's or CB's?
       byrd.mu.wvnet.edu
         /pub/history/maritime/cb.txt
            (Specs. and bio's. for ALASKA, GUAM, and HAWAII, from Dicitonary
             of American Naval Fighting Ships.)
       Also available via:
       Gopher (search Michigan State gopher)
       Compuserve (GO Military, in Military History Library)

This type of format would keep the OLA listing down to a reasonable size and
make it a directory of resources (a much less formidable task) rather than
a storage of documents itself.

Thoughts?

Larry J

------------------------------

Date:    Wed, 2 Jun 1993 10:32:54 EDT
From:    Robert E George <regeorge@MAGNUS.ACS.OHIO-STATE.EDU>
Subject: POL: Women Ferry Pilots??

On Memorial Day evening I watched a PBS special "Women of Courage"
about the women volunteer ferry pilots during the 2nd World War.
Their unit was apparently successful, but it was disbanded in December
1944, long before the war ended. No reason was given by the program.

Does anybody know what the reason for the change in POLicy (I had a
difficult time thinking of a proper heading :-) ) for this was? If
not, can somebody point me to another reference?


Rob George

------------------------------

Date:    Wed, 2 Jun 1993 09:56:42 EDT
From:    John Sherwood <WG015C@GWUVM.GWU.EDU>
Subject: Re: ARC: H-Net Online Guide: Library of Congress

Hi. Thanks for the info on the LC.  I will try it and see what happens.

------------------------------

Date:    Wed, 2 Jun 1993 07:52:16 PDT
From:    Tim Torres <TORRETI@SJSUVM1.SJSU.EDU>
Subject: Gopher Server

From: Timothy Torres, CIC

Greetings!  I have seen a few references lately about using GOPHER to access
the history archives at byrd.  Can someone send me the information necessary
to connect our campus gopher to the one at byrd?

-
Timothy A. Torres, Computing Consultant
Computing Information Center, San Jose State University
TORRETI@SJSUVM1.SJSU.EDU or TORRETI@SJSUVM1.BITNET

------------------------------

Date:    Wed, 2 Jun 1993 08:10:24 -0700
From:    Thomas Cardoza <cardoza%humanitas@HUB.UCSB.EDU>
Subject: Re: POL: Women Ferry Pilots??

On Wed, 2 Jun 1993, Robert E George wrote:

> On Memorial Day evening I watched a PBS special "Women of Courage"
> about the women volunteer ferry pilots during the 2nd World War.
> Their unit was apparently successful, but it was disbanded in December
> 1944, long before the war ended. No reason was given by the program.
>
> Does anybody know what the reason for the change in POLicy (I had a
> difficult time thinking of a proper heading :-) ) for this was? If
> not, can somebody point me to another reference?
>
>
> Rob George

Rob, can youu give me any more details on the unit(s), date of formation
and disbandment, or anything else?  This is right up my alley and I'm sure
I could find out the answers for you (and for me!).  A little more info
would make tracking down the necessary documents easier.  THanks.

Tom Cardoza

------------------------------

Date:    Wed, 2 Jun 1993 17:13:03 +0200
From:    JOHN AUSLAND <d_ausland_j@KARI.UIO.NO>
Subject: Re: GEN: REPLIES TO MESSAGES

  Oslo, June 2.
  FOR LARRY JEWELL.  I am uncertain what flag to use for messages
like this and for such things as my IHT articles.
  FOR GERHARD REMPEL (and THOMAS CARDOZA).  Yes, I am the guy mentioned
in Curtis Cate's book.  I happen to have been on duty for the Berlin
Task Force the weekend in August, 1961, when the Soviets divided Berlin.
(The wall did not go up until later.)  Hence, the State Department
Operations Center duty officer called me when reports started to come
in from Berlin that something was happening.
  In the mid-1960s, I wrote an account of the
1961-64 phase of the Berlin crisis with the title KENNEDY, KHRUSCHEV,
AND BERLIN.  I could not get a publisher.  (Everyone I sent it to
agreed it should be published, but the trade publishers thought a
university press should do it and the university presses thought a
trade publisher should do it.)
  While in the Pentagon, I printed two hundred copies myself
and gradually distributed them to interested people.  As a result,
Cate and anyone else who has written about the wall has used this book
as a source and interviewed me, one way or another.  As I recall,
Cate did it by correspondence.  I have also made various documents
which I saved and got declassified under the Freedom of Information
program available to those enough interested.  All these documents are now
available in the National Security Archive collection The Berlin
Crisis, 1958 to 1962.  (Actually, it includes some of my stuff up
to 1964.)
  In reply to your question about the Cate book, it has also been
a long time since I read it.  Rather than commenting on it, I am
uploading an article I wrote for the IHT shortly after the wall came
down, which had the headline WHEN THEY SPLIT BERLIN, WASHINGTON WAS
ASLEEP.
  With the Soviet archives now becoming available, I suppose we
will now have a new round of wall books.  I would hope this will
answer a question which has long bothered me.  Why did Khruschev
stir up the Berlin crisis in the first place in 1958?  When on
our SALT delegation in Geneva in the mid-1970s, I asked several
Russians about this but never got a decent answer.  Semenov, who
was a key guy on Germany, simply said, "I do not know.  I was ill
at the time."
  Regards, John Ausland

------------------------------

Date:    Wed, 2 Jun 1993 17:13:35 +0200
From:    JOHN AUSLAND <d_ausland_j@KARI.UIO.NO>
Subject: NEWS: A BERLIN WALL A QUARTER CENTURY LATER

     The following is the orginal text of an article written
by John C. Ausland, which appeared on the opinion page of the
International Herald Tribune on November 14, 1989, under the headline:
WHEN THEY SPLIT BERLIN, WASHINGTON WAS ASLEEP:
     Oslo. The opening of the Berlin wall has at least one point in
common with its creation.  It caught Washington and other
capitals by surprise.  I trust that George Bush will not react
so cautiously that he will end up in trouble as John Kennedy did.
      Sunday, August 13, 1961 found me duty officer for the
Berlin Task Force in the State Department.   Having been east
German desk officer in the early 1950s, I returned to the German
desk in early July, 1961.  John Kennedy had recently had his
confrontation with Khruschev in Vienna, and a crisis atmosphere
pervaded Washington.
     There were in fact two confrontations, one between Kennedy
and Khruschev and another between the State Department and the
White House.  The Kennedy crowd made no secret of its distrust
of the Foreign Service.  When I noted to one of them that in
Berlin the Kremlin was the enemy, he fixed me with a beady eye
and said, "I am not so sure."  He was not joking.
     Given John Kennedy's style, confusion reigned.  The
bureaucracy was kept in turmoil preparing replies to half-
formulated questions.
     Different people had different preoccupations.  In 1961 the
four power (American, British, French, and German) planning
apparatus was preparing for the 1948 Berlin blockade.  Shortly
before August 13, there had been a foreign ministers meeting in
Paris.  The main subject for discussion was what to do if east
German guards replaced Soviet guards on the autobahn between the
Federal Republic and Berlin.
     Others feared there could be a repetition of the 1953 east
German uprising.  They saw east Germany as a gigantic pressure
cooker, which could explode at any moment.
     The flow of east Germans into west Berlin encouraged this
analogy.  By early August this had become a flood, and it was
evident the east German regime would have to stop it.  On July
22, the State Department sent a telegram to posts in Germany
noting this.  It added, "They could do this either by tightening
controls over travel from Soviet Zone to East Berlin or by
severely restricting travel from East to West Berlin."
     There was no US planning for the division of Berlin.  When
Walter Ulbricht gave the signal to divide the city, Washington
was asleep.
     The duty officer in the State Department Operations Center
awoke me about midnight.  He said the press tickers indicated
something was going on in Berlin but it was not clear what.  I
told him to phone me when he had an official report and went back
to sleep.
     About four o'clock, the duty officer phoned again.  He said
a CIA message had arrived which had an indicator which called for
awakening the President, who was in Hyannis Port.  The White
House later claimed that the President did not know what was
going on until late morning.  If this was so, there was a failure
of communication somewhere between the White House and the
President.  I talked to the White House duty officer shortly
after arriving at the State Department, about five o'clock.
     As the morning wore on, it became apparent that American
leaders were taking a relaxed attitude toward events in Berlin.
Secretary Rusk came in at ten o'clock as planned.  After
conferring with Foy Kohler, the head of the Berlin Task Force,
he issued a calming press release and went to a baseball game.
     In Bonn, the American Embassy was also relaxed.  During a
later visit to Bonn, I learned Ambassador Walter Dowling and his
Berlin experts did not realize anything was going on until the
afternoon, when they also were attending a baseball game.
     Understandably feeling deserted, tempers in Berlin grew
sharp.  Willy Brandt sent an angry letter to Kennedy.  Edward R.
Murrow, who happened to be in Berlin, sent an alarming telegram
about the ugly mood of the Berliners.  There was a real danger
West Berlin crowds would take matters into their own hands.
     Kennedy finally called a meeting in the White House on
Thursday, August 17.  Unwilling to take any military action in
Berlin, he decided on two demonstrations.  One was to send Vice
President Lyndon Johnson by air to Berlin.  The other was to
despatch an army brigade to Berlin from the Federal Republic on
the autobahn.
     In the hours after this meeting, it became clear that no
consideration had been given there as to what the brigade
commander would do if the Russians tried to stop him.  The Joint
Chiefs of Staff hurriedly wrote some rules of engagement.  The
US Army commander in Europe, General Bruce Clark, decided to give
the brigade ammunition.
     The rules of engagement have never been published.  As
Secretary Rusk remarked to some of us, however, if the Soviets
had tried to stop the brigade, there could have been some
shooting.  Had Kennedy reacted more quickly, sending Vice
President Johnson could have been enough to reassure the West
Berliners.
     Fortunately, Khruschev had his hands full in Berlin, without
taking on a US Army unit on the autobahn.  As a result, Vice
President Johnson and the brigade both arrived in Berlin without
incident, and the Berliners began to calm down.
     Some maintain that, if Kennedy had ordered a limited use of
force in Berlin, Khruschev would have backed off.  We will never
know.  Paul Nitze observed recently, though, that the US
conventional force position in Berlin was extremely weak.
     A year later, when Khruschev tried to move the game to Cuba,
the US had both conventional and nuclear superiority.  This time
it was Khruschev who backed away from the use of force.
     An irony: The Cuba crisis was followed by a Soviet military
buildup that helped bankrupt Moscow.  That in turn led to the
opening of the Berlin Wall.
        John C. Ausland CIS: 73240,2704
        Internet: d_ausland_j@kari.uio.no

------------------------------

Date:    Wed, 2 Jun 1993 10:46:33 EST
From:    Larry Jewell <jewell@MACE.CC.PURDUE.EDU>
Subject: Re: Gopher Server

>
> From: Timothy Torres, CIC
>
> Greetings!  I have seen a few references lately about using GOPHER to access
> the history archives at byrd.  Can someone send me the information necessary
> to connect our campus gopher to the one at byrd?

  BYRD's contents are being echoed to U. Mich. until the Marshall Gopher
Service is established and debugged.

  All *I* know about is Gopher is it is very handy.  The technical end
is PFM to me :-).

> -
> Timothy A. Torres, Computing Consultant
> Computing Information Center, San Jose State University
> TORRETI@SJSUVM1.SJSU.EDU or TORRETI@SJSUVM1.BITNET
>
Larry J

------------------------------

Date:    Wed, 2 Jun 1993 12:18:36 EDT
From:    Charles <mcgrew@CS.RUTGERS.EDU>
Subject: Re: ARC: FAQ Structure

        Larry Jewell <jewell@mace.cc.purdue.edu> writes:
        I think the first thing we should do is find out what is
        available on-line, determine where it fits into the structure,
        and note it.  That way we can discover what's where and what's
        needed.  This will avoid duplication of effort and show what
        subjects have the best and worst coverage.

... I disagree (and also agree with parts) -- if'n we were setting out
to do a "whats-available", your method would be the right one, but
I think the idea is an FAQ -- the first thing an FAQ needs is
questions.  (A what's-available document has a lot of merit too, of
course, but its a different project, I think.)

           I'm thinking that an early step would be a pointer to the
           files such as

... I was thinking of a more 'reader-oriented' presentation format,
one that would abstract the answer (so an answer would be available to
the reader), with references appended, as you describe.

        This type of format would keep the OLA listing down to a
        reasonable size and make it a directory of resources (a much
        less formidable task) rather than a storage of documents
        itself.

... quite right.  I was just thinking of also having "the short
answer" also available.  For instance:

Q: What happened to Hitler and the rest of the "Bunker Gang", when
the Russians took Berlin?

A:    Hitler - killed himself; his body was partially creamated, but
               recovered by the Russians and kept. (See 'Discovery
               Channel' documentary on the subject.[I don't have the
               title and producer info  handy])
      Goebbels - killed himself; his body was partially cremated
               and recovered.  His wife and children were also killed.
      Bormann - killed attempting to escape Berlin.
      Others - some were killed attempting to escape through Berlin
               to the west, some were captured by the Russians,
               and some actually made it out.

      Ref: James O'Donnell's "The Bunker", 1978, Houghton Mifflin,
                   D757.9.B4035, ISBN 0395257190.
           Gerhart Boldt's "Hitler: the last ten days", 1973,
                   Coward, McCann and Geoghagen, D811.B632,
                   ISBN 0698105311

... like that.  What say?

Charles

------------------------------

Date:    Wed, 2 Jun 1993 12:12:00 EST
From:    "W.C. \"Rusty\" DIVENS" <ERCOUPE@VMS.CIS.PITT.EDU>
Subject: Re: POL: Women Ferry Pilots??

The answer to this and other stuff about the Womens Ferry Pilots can
be found in the book ON WINGS TO WAR, recently released.  It is by Jan
Churchill and is the life story of one of Pittsburgh's favorite
daughters, Theresa James, who was one of the founders of the WASP's.

N93774

------------------------------

Date:    Wed, 2 Jun 1993 11:25:08 EST
From:    Larry Jewell <jewell@MACE.CC.PURDUE.EDU>
Subject: Re: GEN: REPLIES TO MESSAGES

>
>   Oslo, June 2.
>   FOR LARRY JEWELL.  I am uncertain what flag to use for messages
> like this and for such things as my IHT articles.

  GEN: works for undefined areas or "what the heck" postings.  I would
think that INF: works for the IHT articles.

>   Regards, John Ausland
>
Larry J

------------------------------

Date:    Wed, 2 Jun 1993 12:41:31 -0400
From:    jem3@CC.BELLCORE.COM
Subject: GEN: HELP!!

I have three questions that some of the experts on the list could
help me with.

1. During WWII, the US Navy had right arm and left arm enlisted rates;
the term originated because some rate insignia were worn on the right
sleeve and others worn on the left sleeve.  What determined what
sleeve the rate insignia was worn on?

2. Before and during(?) WWII, US Navy enlisted personnel wore a
white band around their right shoulder at the junction of the
sleeve and the main part of their blouse.  What was the significance
of this band?

3. Recently, I watched a TV program about World War I which included
pictures of a cemetery with American dead of WWI located in France.
The cemetery had a US flag flying over it.  My questions relate to
WWII.  I am sure that the German military would not tolerate
desecration of the graves but were the cemeteries maintained during
WWII?  If so, by whom and who paid for it and did the US flag continue
to fly over the cemetery during the German occupation of France?

------------------------------

Date:    Wed, 2 Jun 1993 12:25:00 EST
From:    "W.C. \"Rusty\" DIVENS" <ERCOUPE@VMS.CIS.PITT.EDU>
Subject: Re: POL: Women Ferry Pilots??

The program was disbanded simply because the war was winding down and
there was not a need as there was before.

The methodology of the disbanding is what got under the craw...the
WASP's (Womens Air Service Pilots) were summarily disbanded and dismissed
without much else.  They fought long and hard to get recognition as
vets.

It is all explained in the aforementioned ON WINGS TO WAR.

The details of the book:

ISBN 0897451309
Churchill, Jan, _On Wings to War: Theresa James, Aviator_; Sunflower
University Press, Manhattan, Kansas, 1992.

Highly recommended as a personal memoir and a source of information on
this often overlooked WWII outfit.

Bill
N93774@vms.cis.pitt.edu

------------------------------

Date:    Wed, 2 Jun 1993 13:05:05 CDT
From:    Hal Mueller <hmueller@ORCA.TAMU.EDU>
Subject: GEN: HELP!! [right-arm rates]

This is my memory of what a senior Master Chief Petty Officer told me
once;  I've never seen it in print.  For background:  a rate in the
Navy is an enlisted specialty, sort of like an MOS, but the Navy seems
much more parochial about rates than other services are about MOS's.

Right arm rates were the senior rates, in the sense that they were the
Navy specialties that had been around the longest.  Some of them were
easy for me to guess when I heard this:  Boatswain's Mate, Gunner's
Mate, Quartermaster (master of the quarterdeck, steering and
navigating, not logistics).  These go back to sailing ships.  Then it
got harder.  I correctly guessed that one of them was Torpedoman,
since that was the rate of the person telling me all this.  I'm pretty
sure there were others, for a total of either 5 or 7, but don't
remember them.  Maybe one was Storekeeper?

This MCPO went in in the early 60's; I wonder if there were other
right-arm rates that had been abolished by then?  Carpenter's Mate?

Hal Mueller
hmueller@orca.tamu.edu

------------------------------

Date:    Wed, 2 Jun 1993 13:13:00 CDT
From:    "Robert J. Granvin" <rjg@UMNSTAT.STAT.UMN.EDU>
Subject: Re: POL: Women Ferry Pilots??

> The program was disbanded simply because the war was winding down and
> there was not a need as there was before.
>
> The methodology of the disbanding is what got under the craw...the
> WASP's (Womens Air Service Pilots) were summarily disbanded and dismissed
> without much else.  They fought long and hard to get recognition as
> vets.
>
> It is all explained in the aforementioned ON WINGS TO WAR.
>
> The details of the book:
>
> ISBN 0897451309
> Churchill, Jan, _On Wings to War: Theresa James, Aviator_; Sunflower
> University Press, Manhattan, Kansas, 1992.
>
> Highly recommended as a personal memoir and a source of information on
> this often overlooked WWII outfit.

Ya know, topics like this make me wonder...

GEnie, CompuServe, etc. will occasionally hold "online" symposiums with
special guests.  At least on GEnie, I know they have some sort of ability
to use the online chat program and block users messages from being
delivered to all but the real-time moderator.

There are a lot of resources available.  For example, I happen to have a
very good friend who also was an original 99 and one of the first WASPs
(and stayed in until told they didn't exist anymore).  She has a lot of
stories and seems to know the answer to just about every question one
can imagine... :-)  She's also one hell of a personality herself.  :-)
Mid-70's and still has her flaming red hair and fondly remembers doing
things like ferrying P-63's to a training center but deciding to stage
a mock sneak attack instead (surprise to everyone including the tower
and base commander :-)

It would be enjoyable for many, I believe, if we could put together the
occasional online real-time Q&A sessions with these personalities.

Questions:

1) Would people participate?
2) CAN people participate?  :-)
3) Are there good Unix/Internet tools to allow this?

--
Robert J. Granvin                                    Southern Minnesota Wing
rjg@stat.umn.edu                                       Confederate Air Force
  You know you've made a gear-up landing when it takes full power to taxi.

------------------------------

Date:    Wed, 2 Jun 1993 13:34:15 EST
From:    Larry Jewell <jewell@MACE.CC.PURDUE.EDU>
Subject: Re: ARC: FAQ Structure

>
>         Larry Jewell <jewell@mace.cc.purdue.edu> writes:
>         I think the first thing we should do is find out what is
>         available on-line, determine where it fits into the structure,
>         and note it.  That way we can discover what's where and what's
>         needed.  This will avoid duplication of effort and show what
>         subjects have the best and worst coverage.
>
> ... I disagree (and also agree with parts) -- if'n we were setting out
> to do a "whats-available", your method would be the right one, but
> I think the idea is an FAQ -- the first thing an FAQ needs is
> questions.  (A what's-available document has a lot of merit too, of
> course, but its a different project, I think.)

   I think maybe we have two parrallel and interlocking projects, an FAQ
and the OLA.  Both have merit and both have disadvantages. They will both
overlap somewhat but have different missions.  The FAQ would give the
"quick and nasty" answers (some limit on the size of each answer would have
to be determined to make it useful and not an extension of the OLA.)
The OLA would have the documents available listed and point to those that
answer a specific question.

   If we do an FAQ, shall we have multiple "answers" if there are differences
of opinion on a topic?

Larry J

------------------------------

Date:    Wed, 2 Jun 1993 14:39:26 -0400
From:    KAPLAN@DUQ3.DUQ.EDU
Subject: Re: POL: Women Ferry Pilots??

The WASPs (Women's Airforce Service Pilots) were formed in 1942 as a civilian
program, designed to use women in place of men as ferry pilots; freeing up the
men for combat and other roles that wome and civilians were prohibited from
doing.  They also worked as aerial target tow pilots and weather pilots.
Hap Arnold and Jackie Cochran wanted to have the WASPs converted to a military
formation a-la the WACs, but congress and some lobbyists objected, ostensibly
because that would duplicate already existing functions.  In 1944, air corps
and navy training were producing more pilots than could be successfully
assimilated by the services.  Congress didn't authorize continued funding, and
the WASPs were disbanded with 916 women on duty.
                Simon & Schuster Encyclopedia of World War II.
                N.Y., NY; Simon & Schuster. 1978
                p.690-1

I remember reading some accounts by Jacqueline Cochran on the difficulties
establishing and maintaining the WASPs.  The first was the overall resistance,
both in the military and civilian sectors to women training and working in this
sort of role.  The second path of resistance was from male pilots not in the
services, and able to make a good living as ferry pilots.  The third level was
from the moralists who were "concerned" about what type of female would be
attracted to this work, and how loose morals were involved at all levels.
I hope this helps.

                                        Richard Kaplan
                                        Kaplan@duq3.duq.edu

------------------------------

Date:    Wed, 2 Jun 1993 15:32:50 EDT
From:    Lowe Barrett MAJ <hb9388@USMA6.USMA.EDU>
Subject: Re: GEN: HELP!!

>I have three questions that some of the experts on the list could
>help me with.
>
>1. During WWII, the US Navy had right arm and left arm enlisted rates;
>the term originated because some rate insignia were worn on the right
>sleeve and others worn on the left sleeve.  What determined what
>sleeve the rate insignia was worn on?

Answer:  Photos in the National Geographic book cited below show both.
There is no explanation on which were worn on the left and/or right.
>
>2. Before and during(?) WWII, US Navy enlisted personnel wore a
>white band around their right shoulder at the junction of the
>sleeve and the main part of their blouse.  What was the significance
>of this band?

Answer:  The white band means seaman.  A red band on the left shoulder
means fireman.  (from Insignia and Decorations of the US Armed Forces,
published by National Geographic, 1 Dec 44).


>
>3. Recently, I watched a TV program about World War I which included
>pictures of a cemetery with American dead of WWI located in France.
>The cemetery had a US flag flying over it.  My questions relate to
>WWII.  I am sure that the German military would not tolerate
>desecration of the graves but were the cemeteries maintained during
>WWII?  If so, by whom and who paid for it and did the US flag continue
>to fly over the cemetery during the German occupation of France?
>

Can't help with this one.  Sorry.

Barry

Barrett F. Lowe                    RANGERS LEAD THE WAY!
MAJ, IN
Dept of Physics, US Military Academy, West Point, NY 10996

------------------------------

Date:    Wed, 2 Jun 1993 16:03:35 EDT
From:    Robert E George <regeorge@MAGNUS.ACS.OHIO-STATE.EDU>
Subject: Re: POL: Women Ferry Pilots??

Tom,


The "WASPs" were apparently formed in 1942 and disbanded in December 1944.
They do not appear to have held formal rank, nor do they appear to have
been organized into numbered units -- that is, there doesn't seem to have
been a "75th Squadron". They were already pilots when they joined.
They appear to have served all over the country, in particularly in Texas,
California, and the Plains States -- probably wherever there were
a/c factories. Two other posters have already mentioned
additional references.


Thanks to all who have responded!


Regards,
Rob George

------------------------------

Date:    Wed, 2 Jun 1993 16:31:40 -0400
From:    jem3@CC.BELLCORE.COM
Subject: Re: GEN: HELP!! [right-arm rates]

        This MCPO went in in the early 60's; I wonder if there were other
        right-arm rates that had been abolished by then?  Carpenter's Mate?

        Hal Mueller
        hmueller@orca.tamu.edu

Hal,
As far as I know, the Navy changed sometime in the late 40s or
early 50s to all left-arm rates.  In fact when I went into the Air
Force in 1955, my neighbor went into the Navy and got one left-arm
stripe immediately.  I remember a WWII sailor telling me it had
something to do with the rate; the deck force wore it on one sleeve
and technical types wore it on another or something like that.
This is why I asked the question because I could not remember what
was what.

----------------------------------------------------------------------
|  Jack McKillop      |  Those who have long enjoyed such privileges |
|  Bellcore           |  as we enjoy forget in time that men have    |
|  Piscataway, NJ     |  died to win them.     FDR                   |
|  USA                |  jem3@cc.bellcore.com                        |
----------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

Date:    Wed, 2 Jun 1993 16:33:16 EST
From:    NEWELL@SMTPLINK.IPFW.INDIANA.EDU
Subject: Re: GEN: HELP!!

          Re:  During WWII, the US Navy had right arm and left arm
          enlisted rates... What determined what sleeve the rate
          insignia was worn on?

          Before and during(?) WWII, US Navy enlisted personnel wore a
          white band around their right shoulder at the junction of
          the sleeve and the main...

          Answer:  The white band means seaman.  A red band on the
          left shoulder means fireman.

          Expansion:  I'm doing this from memory so I could be mixed
          up, but I think the white band was on the left shoulder and
          the red band was on the right rather than vice versa.
          Anyway, the petty officer rates related to those either in
          the "fireman" category or "seaman" category and that was the
          determining factor as to sleeve designation.  We are, of
          course, speaking of "blues" here.  On whites the red stripe
          around the shoulder area remained the same but black
          replaced the color for the white stripe.

          There was a further designation as to rank where the
          shoulder stripe was involved (the stripe was not a part of
          the uniform once the individual made petty officer).  The
          piping on the dress blue cuff indicated seaman 2nd or seaman
          1st -- two strips of piping for the former and three for the
          latter (seaman 3rd was reserved for boot camp).  The piping
          around the cuffs (both) were white regardless of whether the
          person was striking for a fireman-type rate or seaman-type
          rate.  The collar on dress blues had three stripe piping no
          matter what the person's rank.  Dress whites, as I recall,
          used the same configuration until 1943.  After that there
          were no cuffs, per se, on the whites and the collar piping
          (and stars) was deleted.

          After the war, about '47 I believe, the Navy went to all
          rates on the left sleeve including the new "seaman/fireman"
          designation of diagonal colored stripes -- white for seaman
          striker, red for fireman, and green (a new designation) for
          airman.  The shoulder stripe was done away with and the cuff
          striping was set at three no matter what the rate.

------------------------------

Date:    Wed, 2 Jun 1993 17:15:12 EST
From:    Larry Jewell <jewell@MACE.CC.PURDUE.EDU>
Subject: Re: POL: Women Ferry Pilots??

>
> Tom,
>
>
> The "WASPs" were apparently formed in 1942 and disbanded in December 1944.
> They do not appear to have held formal rank, nor do they appear to have
> been organized into numbered units -- that is, there doesn't seem to have
> been a "75th Squadron". They were already pilots when they joined.
> They appear to have served all over the country, in particularly in Texas,
> California, and the Plains States -- probably wherever there were
> a/c factories. Two other posters have already mentioned
> additional references.

  I remember an old black and white movie that concerned this pilots but
not the name :-(.  Historical accuracy was unknown but I do remember that
they had to land their planes on the US side of the border and roll them
over to the Canadian side.  One pilot got frustrated with this "wink and
a nod" at neutrality laws and flew hers over the line.  She would have been
thrown out of the organization expect that she did it on (you guessed it)
6 December, 1941.  (Sounds like the script-writer for "Flight of the
Intruder" has seen it as well :-).

> Thanks to all who have responded!
>
> Regards,
> Rob George

Larry J

------------------------------

Date:    Wed, 2 Jun 1993 11:36:58 -0400
From:    "Dennis E. Sparks" <SPARKS@CAER.UKY.EDU>
Subject: Re: USAAF 2 JUN 42

An addendum to Jack's entry for the 8th AF for 2 Jun 43, which
mentions the arrival of the 100th BG...

The 100th BG acquired the nickname "The Bloody Hundreth" due to
their spectacular heavy losses at intervals throughout their
period in combat.  The group eventually flew 306 missions, with
8630 individual aircraft sorties credited, and lost 177 aircraft
to enemy action.  (177 out of 8630 = 2 percent losses.)

They were not the group with the overall highest losses, however.
That distinction belongs to the 91st BG, "The Ragged Irregulars".
The 91st, based at Bassingbourn, flew 9591 sorties in 340 missions,
losing 197 B-17s (still a 2 percent loss rate).

The highest losses among the B-24 groups were suffered by the
44th BG, "The Flying Eightballs".  Flying 343 missions, including
18 from N. Africa, they lost 153 aircraft out of 8009 sorties,
a 1.9 percent loss rate.

BTW, I believe Jack inadvertently omitted listing one of the
100th BG's squadrons.  The 100th BG, like most bomb groups, had
four squadrons (fighter groups typically had only three).  Bomb
groups were originally intended to have three squadrons, with a
fourth added later.  This accounts for the dicontinuities in the
squadron numbers of the earlier groups.  The 100th BG, for instance,
was made up of the 349th, 350th, 351st, and 418th bomb squadrons.
Groups formed later usually had four squadrons with consecutive
numbers.

Dennis E. Sparks
SPARKS@CAER.UKY.EDU
Lexington, Kentucky

------------------------------

End of WWII-L Digest - 1 Jun 1993 to 2 Jun 1993
***********************************************

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There are 22 messages totalling 1286 lines in this issue.

Topics of the day:

  1. USAAF 3 JUN 43
  2. USAAF 4 JUN 43
  3. USAAF 5 JUN 43
  4. USAAF 6 JUN 43
  5. USAAF 7 JUN 43
  6. INF: US Army, June 1943 (3)
  7. Uniform question (4)
  8. INF: LETTERS HOME: D-DAY (2)
  9. Current Russian attitudes vs. WWII (2)
 10. GEN:  Amelia Earhart
 11. INF: Publications (2)
 12. POL: Women Ferry Pilots?? (2)
 13. For distribution.

----------------------------------------------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 3 Jun 1993 07:14:27 -0400
From:    jem3@CC.BELLCORE.COM
Subject: USAAF 3 JUN 43

COMBAT CHRONOLOGY OF THE US ARMY AIR FORCES
THURSDAY, 3 JUNE 1943
FTP SITES
  1. ftp.rutgers.edu in directory pub/wwii/usaf
  2. byrd.mu.wvnet.edu (129.71.32.152) in pub/history/military/airforce
     wwii_chronology

AIRCRAFT MENTIONED IN THIS REPORT:
  A-36, North American Apache
  B-17, Boeing Flying Fortress
  B-24, Consolidated Liberator
  B-25, North American Mitchell
  B-26, Martin Marauder
  F-5, Lockheed Lightning
  P-38, Lockheed Lightning
  P-40, Curtiss

AMERICAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  ALASKA (Eleventh Air Force)
    Weathered out from Kiska Island in the Aleutian Islands are 3
weather missions flown by 2 B-24's and 2 P-40's, as well as 2 attack
missions by 2 B-24's and 6 fighters.

  CARIBBEAN (Sixth Air Force)
    HQ 40th Bombardment Group (Heavy) transfers from Albrook Field to
Howard Field, Canal Zone.

EUROPEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Eighth Air Force)
  HQ 5th Air Defense Wing arrives at Duxford, England from the US. This
unit will be redesignated the 66th Fighter Wing in Jul 43.
  HQ 384th Bombardment Group (Heavy) and it's 545th Bombardment Squadron
(Heavy) arrive with B-17's at Grafton Underwood, England from the US.
  HQ 386th Bombardment Group (Medium) and it's 552d, 553d and 554th
Bombardment Squadrons (Medium) arrive with B-26's at Snetterton Heath,
England from the US.

MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Northwest African Air Force)
    Fighters, light and medium bombers of the Northwest African Strategic
Air Force (NASAF) and Northwest Tactical Air Force NATAF) attack defended
positions on Pantelleria Island in the Mediterranean following a raid on
the town area and docks by Wellingtons during the night of 2/3 Jun.
    HQ 14th Fighter Group and it's 48th and 49th Fighter Squadrons with
P-38's transfer from Telergma, Algeria to El Bathan, Tunisia.
    HQ 86th Bombardment Group (Dive) and it's 309th Bombardment Squadron
(Dive) transfer with A-36's from La Senia, Algeria to Marnia, French
Morocco.
    HQ 325th Fighter Group and it's 317th and 318th Fighter Squadrons
transfer with P-40's from Montesquieu, Algeria to Souk-el-Khemis,
Tunisia.
    The 83d Bombardment Squadron (Medium), 12th Bombardment Group
(Medium) transfers with B-25's from Sfax, Tunisia to Hergla, Tunisia.
    The 154th Reconnaissance Squadron (Fighter), 68th Reconnaissance
Group transfers with P-38/F-5s from Korba, Tunisia to Nouvion, Algeria.
     The 486th, 487th, 488th and 489th Bombardment Squadrons (Medium),
340th Bombardment Group (Medium) transfer with B-25's from Sfax, Tunisia
to Hergla, Tunisia.

SOUTH PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Thirteenth Air Force)
  In the Solomon Islands during the night of 3/4 Jun, B-17's bomb Kahili
Airfield and the Moliko River area. B-24's attack small vessels at
Tinputs and Teop sinking 1 and firing the other.

SOUTHWEST PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Fifth Air Force)
  B-24's bomb a supply dump area at Dobo, New Guinea. Other targets
attacked in the Netherland East Indies suffer little damage.

SOURCES:
AIR FORCE COMBAT UNITS OF WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force History,
  Headquarters USAF, 1961, ISBN 0-912799-02-1
COMBAT SQUADRONS OF THE AIR FORCE, WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force
  History, Headquarters USAF 1982
THE ARMY AIR FORCES IN WORLD WAR II: COMBAT CHRONOLOGY, 1941-1945 by the
 Office of Air Force History, Headquarters USAF, 1973
THE MIGHTY EIGHTH WAR DIARY by Roger A. Freeman, ISBN 1-85409-071-2

Jack McKillop
USAF (Airways and Air Communications Service)
1955-59


----------------------------------------------------------------------
|  Jack McKillop      |  Those who have long enjoyed such privileges |
|  Bellcore           |  as we enjoy forget in time that men have    |
|  Piscataway, NJ     |  died to win them.     FDR                   |
|  USA                |  jem3@cc.bellcore.com                        |
----------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 3 Jun 1993 07:17:31 -0400
From:    jem3@CC.BELLCORE.COM
Subject: USAAF 4 JUN 43

COMBAT CHRONOLOGY OF THE US ARMY AIR FORCES
FRIDAY, 4 JUNE 1943
FTP SITES
  1. ftp.rutgers.edu in directory pub/wwii/usaf
  2. byrd.mu.wvnet.edu (129.71.32.152) in pub/history/military/airforce/
     wwii_chronology

AIRCRAFT MENTIONED IN THIS REPORT:
  A-36, North American Apache
  B-17, Boeing Flying Fortress
  B-24, Consolidated Liberator
  B-25, North American Mitchell
  B-26, Martin Marauder
  P-38, Lockheed Lightning
  P-39, Bell Airacobra
  P-40, Curtiss
  PV, Lockheed Ventura (USN)
  Wellington, Vickers (RAF)

AMERICAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  ALASKA (Eleventh Air Force)
    In the Aleutian Islands, 6 B-24's following a Navy PV make a
radar-bombing run over North Head. 14 P-40's and P-38's bomb North Head,
Main Camp and Little Kiska Island. 4 P-38's and 1 B-24 flying air cover
over Attu Island make no enemy contact.
  The 404th Bombardment Squadron (Heavy), 28th Composite Group based on
Adak Island begins operating from Amchitka Island with B-24's.

  CARIBBEAN (Sixth Air Force)
    The detachment of the 32d Fighter Squadron, 36th Fighter Group which
has been operating from Losey Field, Puerto Rico with P-40's returns to
it's base at Hato Field, Curacao.
    The 44th Bombardment Squadron (Heavy), 40th Bombardment Group
(Heavy) transfers with B-17's from Guatemala City, Guatemala to Howard
Field, Canal Zone.

EUROPEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Eighth Air Force)
  HQ 4th Air Defense Wing arrives at Debden, England from the US. This
unit will be redesignated the 65th Fighter Wing in Jul 43.
  HQ 14th Bombardment Wing (Heavy) arrives at Camp Lynn, England from
the US.
  The 544th, 546th and 547th Bombardment Squadrons (Heavy), 384th
Bombardment Group (Heavy) arrive with B-17's at Grafton Underwood,
England from the US. The group will fly it's first mission on 22 Jun.
  The 555th Bombardment Squadron (Medium), 386th Bombardment Group
(Medium) arrives at Snetterton Heath, England from the US with B-26's.

MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Ninth Air Force)
    In Italy, B-24's attack Grottaglie Airfield, leaving hangars and other
building in flames. B-24 gunners claim 3 fighters shot down.

  WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Northwest African Air Force)
    During the night of 3/4 Jun, Northwest African Strategic Air Force
(NASAF) Wellingtons bomb Syracuse, Sicily; Catanzaro, Italy; and
Pantelleria Island in the Mediterranean, which is also hit on the
following day by fighters, light, medium, and heavy bombers, of NASAF
and the Northwest Tactical Air Force (NATAF).
    HQ 27th Bombardment Group (Light) and it's 17th and 91st Bombardment
Squadrons (Light) transfer with A-36's from Ras el Ma, French Morocco to
Korba, Tunisia.
    The 319th Fighter Squadron, 325th Fighter Group transfers with P-
40's from Montesquieu, Algeria to Souk-el-Khemis, Tunisia.
    The 346th Fighter Squadron, 350th Fighter Group based at Maison
Blanche, Algeria begins operating it's P-39's from Monastir, Tunisia.

SOUTHWEST PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Fifth Air Force)
  B-17's and B-24's bomb airfields at Boram, Wewak and Dagua, New Guinea.
B-25's hit Koepang and Lautem, Timor.

SOURCES:
AIR FORCE COMBAT UNITS OF WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force History,
  Headquarters USAF, 1961, ISBN 0-912799-02-1
COMBAT SQUADRONS OF THE AIR FORCE, WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force
  History, Headquarters USAF 1982
THE ARMY AIR FORCES IN WORLD WAR II: COMBAT CHRONOLOGY, 1941-1945 by the
 Office of Air Force History, Headquarters USAF, 1973
THE MIGHTY EIGHTH WAR DIARY by Roger A. Freeman, ISBN 1-85409-071-2

Jack McKillop
USAF (Airways and Air Communications Service)
1955-59


----------------------------------------------------------------------
|  Jack McKillop      |  Those who have long enjoyed such privileges |
|  Bellcore           |  as we enjoy forget in time that men have    |
|  Piscataway, NJ     |  died to win them.     FDR                   |
|  USA                |  jem3@cc.bellcore.com                        |
----------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 3 Jun 1993 07:20:31 -0400
From:    jem3@CC.BELLCORE.COM
Subject: USAAF 5 JUN 43

COMBAT CHRONOLOGY OF THE US ARMY AIR FORCES
SATURDAY, 5 JUNE 1943
FTP SITES
  1. ftp.rutgers.edu in directory pub/wwii/usaf
  2. byrd.mu.wvnet.edu (129.71.32.152) in pub/history/military/airforce/
     wwii_chronology

AIRCRAFT MENTIONED IN THIS REPORT:
  B-17, Boeing Flying Fortress
  B-24, Consolidated Liberator
  B-25, North American Mitchell
  B-26, Martin Marauder
  F-5, Lockheed Lightning
  Liberator, Consolidated (RAF)
  P-38, Lockheed Lightning
  P-40, Curtiss
  Wellington, Vickers (RAF)

AMERICAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Eleventh Air Force)
  In the Aleutian Islands, 7 B-24's, 6 B-25's, and 6 P-40's fly weather
reconnaissance and radar-bombing missions over Kiska Island, being
handicapped by poor weather and mechanical trouble.

CHINA-BURMA-INDIA THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  CHINA (Fourteenth Air Force)
    In China, P-40's strafe troop columns near Peiyang and hit a barge
and boat NW of Yoyang.

MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Ninth Air Force)
    During the early morning, Royal Air Force (RAF) heavy bombers, under
operational control of the IX Bomber Command, attack the harbor at
Catania, Sicily.

  WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Northwest African Air Force)
    During the night of 4/5 Jun, Wellingtons hit docks and town area of
Pantelleria Island in the Mediterranean. On 5 Jun, B-25's and P-38's
extend the attack on the island, hitting mainly gun positions. B-17's
hit the harbor and shipping at La Spezia, Italy.
    In Sardinia, B-26's bomb Porto Ponte Romano while P-38's hit
airfields at Monserrato and Capoterra.
    "A" Flight of the 15th Photographic Squadron (Heavy), 3d
Photographic Reconnaissance and Mapping Group transfers with B-17's and
F-5's from Algiers, Algeria to Le Kroub, Algeria.  "B" and "C" Flights
of the squadron are still in the US.

SOUTH PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Thirteenth Air Force)
  The 394th Bombardment Squadron (Heavy), 5th Bombardment Group (Heavy)
which has been operating from Guadalcanal Island with B-24's since 25
Apr 43 returns to it's base on Fiji Island.

SOUTHWEST PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Fifth Air Force)
  HQ 345th Bombardment Group (Medium) and it's 498th, 499th, 500th and
501st Bombardment Squadrons (Medium) arrive with B-25's at Port Moresby,
New Guinea from the US. The group will fly it's first mission on 21 Jun.

SOURCES:
AIR FORCE COMBAT UNITS OF WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force History,
  Headquarters USAF, 1961, ISBN 0-912799-02-1
COMBAT SQUADRONS OF THE AIR FORCE, WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force
  History, Headquarters USAF 1982
THE ARMY AIR FORCES IN WORLD WAR II: COMBAT CHRONOLOGY, 1941-1945 by the
 Office of Air Force History, Headquarters USAF, 1973
THE MIGHTY EIGHTH WAR DIARY by Roger A. Freeman, ISBN 1-85409-071-2

Jack McKillop
USAF (Airways and Air Communications Service)
1955-59


----------------------------------------------------------------------
|  Jack McKillop      |  Those who have long enjoyed such privileges |
|  Bellcore           |  as we enjoy forget in time that men have    |
|  Piscataway, NJ     |  died to win them.     FDR                   |
|  USA                |  jem3@cc.bellcore.com                        |
----------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 3 Jun 1993 07:23:48 -0400
From:    jem3@CC.BELLCORE.COM
Subject: USAAF 6 JUN 43

COMBAT CHRONOLOGY OF THE US ARMY AIR FORCES
SUNDAY, 6 JUNE 1943
FTP SITES
  1. ftp.rutgers.edu in directory pub/wwii/usaf
  2. byrd.mu.wvnet.edu (129.71.32.152) in pub/history/military/airforce/
     wwii_chronology

AIRCRAFT MENTIONED IN THIS REPORT:
  A-20, Douglas Havoc
  A-36, North American Apache
  B-24, Consolidated Liberator
  B-25, North American Mitchell
  B-26, Martin Marauder
  Beaufighters, Bristol (RAF)
  DB-7, Douglas Havoc
  P-38, Lockheed Lightning
  P-40, Curtiss
  Spitfire, Vickers Supermarine
  Wellington, Vickers (RAF)

CHINA-BURMA-INDIA THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  CHINA (Fourteenth Air Force)
    In China, 5 P-40's strafe trucks, barracks, and personnel at Tangyang;
at least 15 trucks are burned and considerable damage is done to the
barracks area. 11 P-40's hit the approaches to a bridge at Puchi; 2
locomotives in the area are destroyed. 10 other P-40's attack Shasi
Airfield and hit river shipping; in the general area. 7 B-25's bomb the
airfield at Pailochi.

EUROPEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Eighth Air Force)
  The detachment of the 416th Night Fighter Squadron, VIII Fighter
Command training with the RAF at Bristol, England with Beaufighters returns
to it's base at Honiley, England.

MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Ninth Air Force)
    In Italy, B-24's strike the harbor areas of Villa San Giovanni and
Reggio di Calabria, and ferry slips and railroad yards at Messina. B-24
gunners claim 8 fighters destroyed. B-25's of 2 groups hit Pantelleria
Island in the Mediterranean.

  WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Northwest African Air Force)
    In the Mediterranean, Northwest African Strategic Air Force (NASAF)
Wellingtons hit the town and docks of Pantelleria Island during the
night of 5/6 Jun. The following afternoon, Spitfires, P-40's, P-38's,
B-26's, A-20's, A-36's, and B-25's of the NASAF and Northwest Tactical
Air Force (NATAF) continue pounding the island. The Allied air bombardment
increases and is concentrated on coastal batteries and other gun
emplacements as the second phase of air offensive against Pantelleria
Island starts.
    HQ 310th Bombardment Group (Medium) and it's 379th, 380th, 381st and
428th Bombardment Squadrons (Medium) transfer with B-25's from Berteaux,
Algeria to Dar el Koudia, Tunisia.

SOUTH PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Thirteenth Air Force)
  In the Solomon Islands, P-38's, P-40's, and Navy and Marine fighters
and dive bombers attack shipping off Buin scoring damaging hits on a
destroyer and 2 smaller vessels; 15 Japanese airplanes are claimed shot
down. Other P-38's and P-40's strafe the Luti Bay area of Choiseul Island,
New Guinea.
  HQ 42d Bombardment Group (Medium) transfers from Fiji Island to
Guadalcanal Island.

SOUTHWEST PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Fifth Air Force)
  On Timor, B-24's hit the town of Koepang and the airfield at Penfoei.

SOURCES:
AIR FORCE COMBAT UNITS OF WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force History,
  Headquarters USAF, 1961, ISBN 0-912799-02-1
COMBAT SQUADRONS OF THE AIR FORCE, WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force
  History, Headquarters USAF 1982
THE ARMY AIR FORCES IN WORLD WAR II: COMBAT CHRONOLOGY, 1941-1945 by the
 Office of Air Force History, Headquarters USAF, 1973
THE MIGHTY EIGHTH WAR DIARY by Roger A. Freeman, ISBN 1-85409-071-2

Jack McKillop
USAF (Airways and Air Communications Service)
1955-59


----------------------------------------------------------------------
|  Jack McKillop      |  Those who have long enjoyed such privileges |
|  Bellcore           |  as we enjoy forget in time that men have    |
|  Piscataway, NJ     |  died to win them.     FDR                   |
|  USA                |  jem3@cc.bellcore.com                        |
----------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 3 Jun 1993 07:27:18 -0400
From:    jem3@CC.BELLCORE.COM
Subject: USAAF 7 JUN 43

COMBAT CHRONOLOGY OF THE US ARMY AIR FORCES
MONDAY, 7 JUNE 1943
FTP SITES
  1. ftp.rutgers.edu in directory pub/wwii/usaf
  2. byrd.mu.wvnet.edu (129.71.32.152) in pub/history/military/airforce/
     wwii_chronology

AIRCRAFT MENTIONED IN THIS REPORT:
A-20, Douglas Havoc
  B-17, Boeing Flying Fortress
  B-24, Consolidated Liberator
  B-25, North American Mitchell
  P-38, Lockheed Lightning
  P-40, Curtiss

EUROPEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Eighth Air Force)
  HQ 353d Fighter Group arrives at Goxhill, England from the US.

MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Ninth Air Force)
    B-25's bomb gun emplacements at the airfield on Pantelleria Island
in the Mediterranean.

  WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Northwest African Air Force)
    Following a night raid by Wellingtons on Pantelleria Island in the
Mediterranean, heavy, medium and light bombers, and fighters of the
Northwest African Strategic Air Force (NASAF) and Northwest Tactical Air
Force (NATAF) pound the island throughout the afternoon.
    The 99th Fighter Squadron, XII Air Support Command attached to the
33d Fighter Group transfers with P-40's from Oued N'ja, French Morocco
to Fardjouna, Tunisia.

SOUTH PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Thirteenth Air Force)
  In the Solomon Islands, P-38's and P-40's, along with Royal New Zealand
Air Force (RNZAF) P-40's and Navy and Marine fighters, intercept a large
force of fighter-escorted dive bombers on a mission against Allied
shipping off Guadalcanal Island. Fighters from the newly-opened Russell
Island bases initiate the interception. A running fight develops and
extends down to Guadalcanal Island. More than 20 Japanese aircraft are
downed; 9 Allied fighters are lost but all the pilots are recovered.

SOUTHWEST PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Fifth Air Force)
  In New Guinea, B-17's and B-24's attack Wewak, Lae, Madang, and Kesup
hitting town areas and airfields, and strafe sampans on the Sepik River.

SOURCES:
AIR FORCE COMBAT UNITS OF WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force History,
  Headquarters USAF, 1961, ISBN 0-912799-02-1
COMBAT SQUADRONS OF THE AIR FORCE, WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force
  History, Headquarters USAF 1982
THE ARMY AIR FORCES IN WORLD WAR II: COMBAT CHRONOLOGY, 1941-1945 by the
 Office of Air Force History, Headquarters USAF, 1973
THE MIGHTY EIGHTH WAR DIARY by Roger A. Freeman, ISBN 1-85409-071-2

Jack McKillop
USAF (Airways and Air Communications Service)
1955-59


----------------------------------------------------------------------
|  Jack McKillop      |  Those who have long enjoyed such privileges |
|  Bellcore           |  as we enjoy forget in time that men have    |
|  Piscataway, NJ     |  died to win them.     FDR                   |
|  USA                |  jem3@cc.bellcore.com                        |
----------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 3 Jun 1993 07:31:56 EST
From:    Larry Jewell <jewell@MACE.CC.PURDUE.EDU>
Subject: INF: US Army, June 1943

JUNE 1943

From: UNITED STATES ARMY IN WORLD WAR II, Special Studies:
CHRONOLOGY, 1941-1945, compiled by Mary H. Williams, Office of
the Chief of Military History, Department of the Army,
Washington, D.C., 1960

1 June

ALEUTIAN IS.-Plan is formulated for occupation of Kiska. U.S.
Eleventh Air Force is to continue to take advantage of every
break in the weather to hit Kiska while assault troops are being
assembled and trained intensively at Fort Ord, California, and
in the Aleutians. Surface vessels are to assist in the softening
up program and cover landings.

PANTELLERIA-All-out air offensive against the island continues
and is being supplemented with naval gunfire from small groups
of Br vessels.

3 June

SOLOMONS IS.-Adm. Halsey issues basic operations plan for
assault on New Georgia Is., in central Solomons, in order to
secure Munda airfield, from which to support subsequent
offensive against N Solomons. Adm. Turner is to head amphibious
forces. New Georgia Occupation Force (43d Div. reinf. and 1st
and 4th Marine Raider bns) is to be under command of Gen.
Hester, CG 43d Div.

CHINA-Japanese attain their, objective of capturing shipping on
Upper Yangtze in W Hupeh and begin withdrawing.

ALGERIA-French announce formation in Algiers of French Committee
of National Liberation, a provisional government for the French
Empire.

5 June

MEDITERRANEAN-Gen. Eisenhower orders head of Force 141 (planning
staff that is later to become Headquarters, 15th Army Group,
under Gen. Alexander) to draw up plans for invasion of Italy.
Gen. Alexander is given command of Br 10 and 5 Corps.

6 June

PANTELLERIA-Air action against the island is intensified as
second phase of air offensive opens. Main weight of attacks is
against coastal batteries and gun emplacements.

7 June

SOLOMONS IS.-Japanese begin another series of air attacks on
Guadalcanal in effort to cut communications lines. Allied
fighters intercept and destroy 23 planes for loss of 9.

8 June

ALEUTIAN IS.-Fighter strip at Alexai Pt, Attu, is completed.
Japanese order Kiska abandoned. U.S. DD blockade is established
about the island and aircraft continue to pound it whenever
possible.

PANTELLERIA-Air offensive against the island becomes
increasingly intense as invasion date approaches. Br naval
forces of 8 DD's, 5 CL's, and 3 torpedo boats bombard shore
batteries and harbor area. Surrender requests, dropped by
aircraft, are ignored.

10 June

U.S.-In preliminary report, Joint War Plans Committee recommends
Marshalls be invaded near end of October and Gen. MacArthur and
Adm. Halsey conduct holding actions until operations in the
Marshalls are concluded. This arouses unfavorable reaction in
some quarters and the suggestion is soon rejected.

ETO-CCS issue directive that officially inaugurates Combined
Bomber Offensive (later designated Operation POINTBLANK) against
Germany.

11 June

PANTELLERIA-After preparatory naval and air bombardment, Br 1st
Div. lands on Pantelleria virtually unopposed. Island surrenders
unconditionally at 1735. This is the first occasion on which
airpower has overwhelmed an objective of this type. NAAF, during
period 8 May to date, has flown 5,285 sorties against the island
and dropped 6,200 tons of bombs. Fall of Pantelleria permits
Allied aircraft in Mediterranean to concentrate efforts in
direct preparation for invasion of Sicily (HUSKY).

LAMPEDUSA-Allied planes begin air assault on island that
continues through night 11-12. Br naval TF from Pantelleria
accompanying an LCI with co of Coldstream Gds embarked joins
aircraft in, bombarding island, night 11-12.

GERMANY-Attack by Eighth Air Force on Wilhelmshaven demonstrates
the difficulty of daylight strikes on targets beyond range of
fighter escort. Although B-17 losses are light, intercepting
enemy planes prevent accurate bombing of the submarinebuilding
yards.

12 June

SOLOMONS IS.-Allied planes intercept large force of attacking
enemy planes in Guadalcanal area and destroy 31 for loss of 6.

LAMPEDUSA-Surrenders unconditionally after further bombardment.
Coldstream Gds go ashore and take charge.

13 June

CHINA-Japanese expedition in central China ends.

LINOSA-Landing party from Br DD accepts surrender of island.

GERMANY-60 B-17's of Eighth Air Force attack Kiel submarine
yards and harbor against heaviest German Air Force opposition
yet encountered. 22 B-17's are lost in air battle. Main Eighth
Air Force attack of the day, by 102 B-17's on Bremen, is lightly
opposed.

14 June

NEW GUINEA-On or near this date, U.S. 41st Div. forms Coane
Force, consisting of 2d and 3d Bns, 162d Inf, plus elements of
205th and 218th FA Bns, under Div. Arty Commander, Brig Gen.
Ralph W. Coane

CHINA-Forward echelon hq of U.S. Fourteenth Air Force is
established at Kweilin.

LAMPIONE.-Br naval party occupies island without opposition.
Allies now control all islands in Sicily Strait.

15 June

MEDITERRANEAN - Gen. Giraud is directed by Gen. Eisenhower to
name ground forces commander and staff to prepare plan for
invasion of Corsica (FIREBRAND). Gen. Giraud subsequently
suggests Gen. Juin as commander.

16 June

SOLOMONS IS.-FO No. 1, Hq, New Georgia Occupation Force, directs
seizure of preliminary objectives in central Solomons in
preparation for capture of Munda airfield on New Georgia I. D
Day is to be 30 June. Some 120 Japanese planes attack
Guadalcanal, damaging 3 ships, 2 of which must be beached.
Intercepting Allied planes, 104 strong, exact heavy price,
claiming almost 100 enemy aircraft destroyed. 6 Allied planes
are lost.

17 June

CHINA-Gen. Stilwell presents TRIDENT proposals to Chiang Kai-
shek.

18 June

SOLOMONS IS.-43d Div. issues orders for movement to New Georgia
Is. COMAIRSOPAC assigns duties for New Georgia operation to his
air units.

CHINA-Gen. Chennault reports to the President on operations of
Fourteenth Air Force. Gen. Stilwell, now commanding YOKE-Force
staff (all U.S. organizations working with Y-Force), outlines to
Col Dorn, his chief of staff, his mission in the program.

SICILY-Allied planes begin powerful attacks on Messina. Other
targets on and in vicinity of Sicily are being pounded in
preparation for HUSKY.

U.K.-Prime Minister Churchill announces that Gen. Auchinleck is
to replace Gen. Wavell as CinC India and that Wavell will be
Viceroy of India.

20 June NEW GUINEA-Gen. Krueger opens ALAMO (U.S. Sixth Army) hq
at Milne Bay. 17th Brig, Aus 3d Div., is holding positions in
Mubo-Lababia Ridge area against sharp enemy counterattacks that
continue for next few days.

CBI-Gen. Auchinleck succeeds Gen. Wavell as CinC India.

LAMPEDUSA-Airfield becomes serviceable.

GERMANY-RAF Lancasters, on first RAF shuttle-bombing raid
between U.K. and Africa, attack Friedrichshafen, concentrating
on industrial targets, and land safely in N Africa. On return
trip to Britain, the planes bomb naval base at Spezia, Italy,
night 23-24.

21 June

ALEUTIAN IS.-Airfield on Shemya I. becomes operational.

SOLOMONS IS.-To forestall enemy occupation of Segi Pt on S tip
of New Georgia I., 4th Mar Raider Bn (-) sails there from
Guadalcanal and lands unopposed>

22 June

SOLMONS IS.-Cos A and D of 103d Inf, 43d Div., and airfield
survey force join Mar Raiders on Segi Pt, New Georgia I.

TROBRIAND IS.-Woodlark TF (112th Cav RCT, reinf.) lands advance
party on Woodlark I. without opposition, night 22-23.

GERMANY-Eighth Air Force bombers attack synthetic rubber plant
at Huels in force with particularly good results. Plant is
temporarily put out of operation. This is the first large-scale
daylight attack to be made on the Ruhr.

23 June

TROBRIAND IS.-Kiriwina TF (RCT 158, a separate regt, reinf.)
lands advance elements on Kiriwina I., night 23-24 without
opposition.

NEW GUINEA-Enemy pressure on 17th Brig of Aus 3d Div., in Mubo-
Lababia Ridge area, eases as Japanese withdraw a little.

25 June

SICILY-Preinvasion bombardment by Allied planes continues. NAAF
delivers heaviest single attack of the month on Messina,
dropping more than 300 tons of bombs.

26 June

NEW GUINEA-MacKechnie Force, now assembled at Morobe where
supplies have been amassed, starts movement by water to staging
area at Mageri Pt, 15 miles NW of Morobe, in preparation for
amphibious assault on Nassau Bay.

PANTELLERIA-33d Fighter Gp (P-40) is established on island.

U.K.-COSSAC planners select Air Marshal Sir Trafford Leigh-
Mallory, air officer commanding in chief, RAF Fighter Command,
to prepare air

27 June

SOLOMONS IS.-From Segi, New Georgia I., marines of 4th Raider Bn
move by sea to vicinity of Lambeti Plantation in preparation for
overland march to Viru Harbor.

28 June

NEW GEORGIA I.-Marines of 4th Raider Bn begin overland journey
to Viru Harbor.

29 June

SOLMONS IS.-While U.S. assault forces are sailing to central
Solomons, surface force bombards Munda, Vila, and the
Shortlands, night 29-30.

MEDITERRANEAN - Gen. Eisenhower recommends to CCS that projected
landing on heel of Italy near Taranto (Operation MUSKET) be
deferred by Fifth Army. 3 other actions are under consideration:
( 1 ) invasion of toe (BUTTRESS) and instep (GOBLET); (2)
landing on toe from which overland drives would be made to heel,
Naples, and Rome with seaborne reinforcements moved in at
Naples; (3) invasion of Sardinia ( BRIMSTONE).

30 June

PACIFIC-Operation CARTWHEEL, converging drives on Rabaul by
forces of S Pacific and SWPA, opens with amphibious operations
against central Solomons, Trobriands, and New Guinea.

SOLMONS IS.-Ships and landing craft from S Pacific Amphib Force
(organized as TF 31 under command of Adm. Turner) land New
Georgia Occupation Force (commanded by Gen. Hester, 43d Div. CG)
on central Solomons. New Georgia Occupation Force is divided
into Western Force ( TG p31.1), which is to make main landing on
Rendova I. and later take Munda airfield on New Georgia I., and
Eastern Force (TG 31.2), which is to make subsidiary landings.
Preceding main landing, Onaiavisi Occupation Unit (Cos A and B,
169th Inf) secures Onaiavisi Entrance in uncontested landings on
Sasavele and Baraulu Is.; establishes outposts on Roviana I.
172d Inf, 43d Div., of Western Force lands on Rendova I. without
opposition and pushes inland 1,000 yards to search for scattered
Japanese forces. Failing to receive signal to land from marines
of 4th Raider Bn ashore, Viru Occupation Force (reinf. Co B,
103d Inf) of Eastern Force. lands instead at Segi Pt. The Mar
Raiders, moving overland, reach Viru Harbor in evening. To
secure Wickham Anchorage on Vangunu I., Eastern Force lands
reinf. 2d Bn, 103d Inf, and elements of 4th Mar Raider Bn on
Vangunu at Oleana. Although landing is unopposed, Japanese
resist movement of assault force toward Wickham Anchorage.
Japanese aircraft are active against shipping, damaging flag
ship MCCAWLEY, which friendly PT's later sink by mistake.

TROBRIAND IS.-Main bodies of Woodlark and Kiriwina TF's make
unopposed landings on their respective islands, where airfields
are to be constructed. These are the first operations to be
directed by U.S. Sixth Army, operating as ALAMO Force.

NEW GUINEA-MacKechnie Force (Col MacKechnie, commander of 162d
Inf, 41st Div.), consisting now of 1st Bn, 162d Inf, and
supporting U.S. and Aus forces, begins unopposed landing at
Nassau Bay shortly after midnight 29-30, aided by lights of Aus
forces ashore. Final wave, Co B, does not land until later.
MacKechnie Force pushes N toward Bitoi R and S toward Tabali R,
soon meeting enemy opposition. Papuan Inf Bn (PIB) scouts
blocking enemy movement in Cape Dinga area, S of Nassau Bay,
force enemy back toward American positions. Aus 3d Div.'s 15th
Brig opens attack on Bobdubi Ridge, and 17th Brig maintains
pressure against enemy positions in Mubo salient. All operations
are commanded by New Guinea Force (Gen. Herring, commander,
pending arrival of Gen. Blamey).

MEDITERRANEAN-As preinvasion bombardment continues, NAAF planes,
in period 18-30 June, fly 883 bomber sorties and IX BC, 107
sorties, against Sicily and Italy, concentrating on supply
points, ports, and marshaling yards.

Transcribed and edited by:
Larry W. Jewell
jewell@mace.cc.purdue.edu

------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 3 Jun 1993 07:34:11 EDT
From:    "AD16000@NEMOMUS.BITNET. --Scherrer,
         Tim A." <AD16%NEMOMUS.BITNET@MIZZOU1.MISSOURI.EDU>
Subject: Uniform question

I have a question that probably borders on trivia, and is similar to the
Navy sleeve ratings question of the past couple days.

Why do USAAF personnel not wear unit crests on their uniform like other
Army personnel?  By unit crest, I mean the enameled insignia, ususally
about 1-2 inches big, worn by enlisted personnel on their collar faces.
I figured there is some kind of a story behind it, I've just never heard
it.

Tim

************************************************************************
*  Tim A. Scherrer          "You'll be fighting WWII for the rest of   *
*  Facilities Supervisor     your life", Ron Scherrer, 1971            *
*  WP:816-785-5253                                                     *
*  HP:816-665-6704                                                     *
*  ID# AD16%NEMOMUS@ACADEMIC.NEMOSTATE.EDU                             *
************************************************************************

------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 3 Jun 1993 09:32:08 -0400
From:    jem3@CC.BELLCORE.COM
Subject: Re: Uniform question

When I was in the USAF in 55-59, the US insigia was dull gray and the
story we were told was that so you did not have to polish it which we
appreciated.

----------------------------------------------------------------------
|  Jack McKillop      |  Those who have long enjoyed such privileges |
|  Bellcore           |  as we enjoy forget in time that men have    |
|  Piscataway, NJ     |  died to win them.     FDR                   |
|  USA                |  jem3@cc.bellcore.com                        |
----------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 3 Jun 1993 10:10:40 EDT
From:    "AD16000@NEMOMUS.BITNET. --Scherrer,
         Tim A." <AD16%NEMOMUS.BITNET@MIZZOU1.MISSOURI.EDU>
Subject: Re: Uniform question

I am not referring to the collar disks that have US and branch.  I am
talking about regimental type crests--the type that are worn on the
shoulder straps on current USA uniforms.

Tim

************************************************************************
*  Tim A. Scherrer          "You'll be fighting WWII for the rest of   *
*  Facilities Supervisor     your life", Ron Scherrer, 1971            *
*  WP:816-785-5253                                                     *
*  HP:816-665-6704                                                     *
*  ID# AD16%NEMOMUS@ACADEMIC.NEMOSTATE.EDU                             *
************************************************************************

------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 3 Jun 1993 18:02:30 +0200
From:    JOHN AUSLAND <d_ausland_j@KARI.UIO.NO>
Subject: INF: LETTERS HOME: D-DAY

     The forty-ninth anniversary of D-Day in Normandy, a day still
crystal clear in my mind, is approaching.  In searching for a way
to mark it, I have decided up an excerpt from my book which was
published in THE IVY LEAVES, the publication of the 4th Infantry
Division Association.  The heading was JUNE 6, 1944, 4TH DIVISION
LANDS ON UTAH BEACH.

     Other than a storm which increased the normal amount of
seasickness, the channel crossing was uneventful. We boarded our
landing craft in the port of Darmouth, on a bright, sunny day. Lt.
Col. Joel F. Thomason (Tommy), commander of the 29th FA Battalion,
and I crossed the channel on the same landing craft as Col.  Van
Fleet. (The others from the 29th were Capt. Lorton Livingston and
T/Sgt. James Price.)
     During training, I was Assistant S-2 and survey officer. Tommy
decided, however, I could be more useful after the landing as
liaison officer to Col. Van Fleet, a position not provided for in
the table of organization.
     After the landing, it took awhile before I found time to write
a letter to my family describing that memorable day. While this
leaves out some of the recollections which I will cover in my book,
it gives some idea of how I conveyed events to my family. (This
letter was written the day Cherbourg fell.)

     Dear Folks, June 28, 1944, Somewhere in France
The last night our sleep was far from satisfactory. On a rough sea,
our LCT tossed about like a bottle. Four of us slept in a space
large enough to hold two. We awoke shortly after midnight to hear
the C-47s, which had carried the paratroopers, come over. It was
a beautiful sound - there must have been a thousand of them.
     After an inadequate breakfast, we loaded on an LCM that came
alongside the LCT. We then moved over to pick up some personnel
from another craft. With the exception of an occasional splash
caused by a coastal battery, there was little difference between
this and the dozen practice landings I've been on.
     H-hour passed us while we were still far from shore. We
couldn't even hear the terrific naval and air bombardment we knew
was going on. But we knew that right then a death struggle was
being waged on the beach, one which had to be won by the infantry,
since they were the only ones ashore.
     At last our craft touched the beach. The ramp went down.
Automatically we went off the side of the ramp and into the water
up to our knees. We walked ashore (one doesn't run in surf). Aside
from rifles and machine guns firing inland, all was quiet.
     There were surprisingly few dead on the beach. Just back of
the sand dunes several hundred German prisoners huddled. Already
hundreds of people were organizing the beach for the largest
amphibious undertaking in history.
     We went about our work of getting the battalion in and into
position, a task not without heartache, since the LCT carrying B
Battery hit a mine before reaching the beach.
     Soon after landing, I saw my first German dead. He must have
been killed while running. Even in death his body seemed to be
trying to surge forward. His helmet and uniform was all in place.
He had been dead several hours. I could tell by the color of his
skin. He was wearing glasses, still not broken.
     Moving up the road, I came across an American soldier lying
beside the road. He was wounded in one arm. With the other he was
trying to hold a match box and strike a match. I leaned over and
struck the match, lit the cigarette. He was hit pretty bad. Neither
of us spoke a word. What could one say. I moved on.
     The rest of the day was a whirl of movement and activity. At
last we got our unit off the bomb torn beach and away from constant
shelling.
     For the rest of the day there are only momentary
recollections. Tough paratroopers wandering about, killing German
snipers. The medics who dropped, unarmed, with the paratroopers,
shortly after midnight. The sniper (we later learned he was 75
yards from our command post) who shot at us all day without hitting
anyone. He was killed by a paratrooper who happened across him. The
French people in a small village ignoring the bodies about them and
waving to us as we went by. This same village was held for twelve
hours by four paratroopers. That first night when all the men were
nervous (trigger-happy) and shot at anything that moved. The
dumbfounded glider pilot who had 200 Germans surrender to him, who
asked me what in the h--- he should do with them. The thrill of
watching the multitude of gliders come in and the multicolored
supply parachute drops. And the dull thud of your heart when you
watched the wounded and dead carried out of those gliders that
crashed.
     These and a hundred other events made up D-day for me.
Love, John

Excerpts from Letters Home: a War Memoir, a book by
John C. Ausland, Sondreveien 4, 0378 Oslo, Norway
        Internet: d_ausland_j@kari.uio.no
        CIS: 73240,2704

------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 3 Jun 1993 11:29:20 -0400
From:    KAPLAN@DUQ3.DUQ.EDU
Subject: Re: INF: US Army, June 1943

Wasn't Lampedusa in allied hands when the Coldstream Guards landed? I vaguely
remember a story about an RAF or RCAF fighter pilot who crashed or bailed out
over the island, and the garrison surrendured to him after two days of sea and
air bombardment.  Or is this one of those "fiction is better than truth stories"

                                Richard Kaplan
                                kaplan@duq3.duq.edu

------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 3 Jun 1993 11:49:13 -0400
From:    John Brandt <libjmb@EMORYU1.CC.EMORY.EDU>
Subject: Current Russian attitudes vs. WWII

My apologies if this strays off of the subject a bit.  I'm curious about
current attitudes regarding World War II in the former Soviet Union.  Any
post-Soviet experts out there?


On Thu, 27 May 1993, JOHN AUSLAND wrote:

>   As for forgetting, what worried me most about my Easter trip was
> that the Germans are trying very hard to forget WWII.  My German
> penpal and his wife joined us for two days.  He knew all about the
> war, from reading.  She knew nothing, literally, because they do
> not teach it at school.  I talked at the museum at Diekirch,
> Luxembourg, to a young German who was doing research on the battle
> of the bulge.  He commented that the Germans are busy forgetting
> the war.

        The discussion about World War II cemetaries reminded me of the
mass graves I saw when I visited Leningrad in 1986.  Mr. Ausland's
comments about Germans forgetting WWII also reminded me of the seemingly
total pre-occupation the Soviets had with the Great Patriotic War.  When I
briefly toured the Soviet Union in 1986, the war experience was part of
the Intourist programme everywhere I went. Of course, one of the sites I
visited was Volgograd (Stalingrad in WWII), including the massive Mamayev
(Motherland?) statue commemorating the sacrifice of the Soviets.  Even in
Rostov and Lenningrad, however, the events of the war were emphasized,
including the vigilance of militarisitic children (Communist Youth
League?) maintaining the eternal flames at memorials.

     The whole trip seemed to emphasize a Soviet pre-occupation with a
vigilant defense as the memories of the "German Fascist" onslaught were
kept alive so vividly.  I'm curious as to how much of this was an
Intourist show and how much of this was believed by the common Soviet
people.  Now that the Soviet empire has cracked/crumbled, I wonder whether or
not the Russian government or people still have such a preoccupation with
World War II.  On the one hand, they sure seem to appreciate German aid
and investment.  On the other, the Western media has frequently mentioned the
nationalistic threat to Yeltsin.  Do these nationalists harbour prejudices
regarding Germandy and/or the west due to the war, or are they more
concerned with 90's issues (Russian minorities in former Soviet Republics,
Christians vs. Muslims in the Caucasus and Balkans).   Hasn't a large
portion of German immigration of late been ethnic Germans leaving former
Soviet republics?  Are they primarily "economic refugees", or is there a
hostile climate for them in the post-Soviet society.

     It seems to me the spectre of World War II shaped Soviet policy for
decades.  The war still seems to have a great deal of relavance in some
quarters (Serbs remembering the Croatian Ustase, the Baltic Republics
vis-a-vis the Russians), but it's direct influence on current events seems
to be slipping away with the Cold War.  Perhaps after 50 years, younger
generations have simply moved onto more current, pressing problems and
influences.  How many of us (20-and 30-somethings) realize the role WWII
played in shaping the current world?   How many care enough to find out?
In the U.S. it doesn't appear to be too many, is it any different in a
place like Russia where the reminders have been much more vivid?

John Brandt                           Phone: (404) 727-6880
Electronic Government Publications    BITNET: LIBJMB@EMUVM1
Emory University                      INTERNET:
Atlanta, GA, U.S.A.                    libjmb@emoryu1.cc.emory.edu

------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 3 Jun 1993 12:51:45 -0400
From:    MAX HARE <maxc@URSUS1.URSUS.MAINE.EDU>
Subject: Re: Uniform question

Tim,

These enameled crests are called "DI"s in the insignia collectors world.
I am almost positive that I have seen these on the uniform coat of Air
Corps personnel only in the pre WW2 years...the late 1930s before they
even adopted the "winged star" shoulder patch.  They are lacking in all
WW2 era photos I have seen but I could be mistaken.

You might get a copy of the excellent study:

Stanton, Shelby L.
U.S.ARMY UNIFORMS OF WORLD WAR II
(1st.ed.)Harrisburg, PA: Stackpole Books. 1991

This is about the best work I have seen on the subject.  If you have a
serious interest in insignia I suggest you contact the

   AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MILITARY INSIGNIA COLLECTORS
   George Duell, Jr. (membership)
   526 Lafayette Avenue
   Palmerton, PA  18071-1621

For a membership of about $20. you get a glossy magazine that
specializes in identifying insignia as well as indepth studies of all
types of military crests.  They issue a traders newsletter to members in
addition to the regular magazine and also have an excellent lending
library of all their special reports (this proved invaluable to me while
researching obscure State Guard insignia). I would recommend membership
to anyone who collects or has an interest in patch collecting , insignia
or military heraldry in any form.

Good luck,

Max C. Calderwood
University of Southern Maine
Gorham, ME
MAXC@URSUS1.URSUS.MAINE.EDU

------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 3 Jun 1993 11:53:02 EST
From:    Larry Jewell <jewell@MACE.CC.PURDUE.EDU>
Subject: Re: INF: US Army, June 1943

>
> Wasn't Lampedusa in allied hands when the Coldstream Guards landed? I vaguely
> remember a story about an RAF or RCAF fighter pilot who crashed or bailed out
> over the island, and the garrison surrendured to him after two days of sea and
> air bombardment.  Or is this one of those "fiction is better than truth stories"
>
>                                 Richard Kaplan
>                                 kaplan@duq3.duq.edu
>
I've heard the same stories, but not confirmed by a reference.  I'd love to
footnote that item in the Chronology :-).

Larry J

------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 3 Jun 1993 13:05:20 CDT
From:    Lee Short <lees@SNOOPY.ASF.COM>
Subject: Current Russian attitudes vs. WWII

I have a good friend who is ABD in a Russian studies PhD program (it
*was* Soviet studies when he started).  He has been to the Soviet
Union a couple of times, and he relates that being compared to a
German ("you talk/think/walk/etc like a German") is a common Russian
insult.

Lee

Lee Short   lees@asf.com         Man is a credulous animal, and must believe
Software Janitor                 *something*; in the absence of good grounds
Hughes Training, Inc.            for belief, he will be satisfied with bad
Minneapolis, MN                  ones.    --  Bertrand Russell

------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 3 Jun 1993 12:31:41 MDT
From:    Steve Alvin <STEPHEN_ALVIN@DSU1.DSU.NODAK.EDU>
Subject: GEN:  Amelia Earhart

Earlier, this list had a discussion on the fate of Amelia Earhart
after someone asked about a session devoted to this question was to
be held  at the Naval Institute's Third Annapolis Seminar.  The June
issue of Proceedings gives a summary of the session, and I'll give a
summary of the summary!

Richard Gillespie, Executive Director of The International Group for
Historic Aircraft REcovery, repeated his claims to have found
compelling evidence that Earhart crashed on Gardner (Nikumaroro)
Island.  We talked about this evidence earlier, so I won't repeat it
here.

Dr. Thomas Crouch, Chairman of Aeronautics at the
Smithsonian disputed Gillespie's evidence with his own evidence,
which Gillespie discounted (sounds like typical academics to me!).
Much of the debate seems to have centered on radio logs of nearby
ships & aircraft, but no detail was given.

Hiroshi Nakajima, Executive Director of the Pacific Society, from
Tokyo to represent the Japanese side, along with other panel members,
flatly rejected teh theory that Earhart was executed by the Japanese
after they had discovered military instilations on some of the
Micronesian Islands.

Rear Admiral Francis Foley spoke about his personal experience as a
pilot on the Lexington involved in the search.  We talked about this
earlier, so I won't repeat it here.

An unofficial poll taken after the program showed that 60% of the
audience concluded Earhart crashed at sea.






Steve Alvin
Dickinson State University
STEPHEN_ALVIN@DSU1.DSU.NODAK.EDU
**********************************************************************
*Those who fail to remember history are doomed to repeat it.--Proverb*
*Those who fail to remember history are doomed to repeat my class.-SA*
**********************************************************************

------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 3 Jun 1993 14:48:00 EST
From:    "W.C. \"Rusty\" DIVENS" <ERCOUPE@VMS.CIS.PITT.EDU>
Subject: INF: Publications

Does anyone have the current mailing address and/or phone number
of Squadron/Signal publications?  THey aren't showing up in
any of the standard sources, and I'm wondering if they underwent
a name change.

N93774

------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 3 Jun 1993 16:25:53 -0400
From:    KAPLAN@DUQ3.DUQ.EDU
Subject: Re: POL: Women Ferry Pilots??

Are you sure the old B&W movie with the pilot flying (a Texan or Harvard) to
Canada, and not stopping on the highway wasn't Tyrone Power in "A Yank in
the RAF"?

                                Richard Kaplan

------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 3 Jun 1993 16:29:48 EST
From:    Larry Jewell <jewell@MACE.CC.PURDUE.EDU>
Subject: Re: POL: Women Ferry Pilots??

>
> Are you sure the old B&W movie with the pilot flying (a Texan or Harvard) to
> Canada, and not stopping on the highway wasn't Tyrone Power in "A Yank in
> the RAF"?
>
>                                 Richard Kaplan

Hey, it's been 25 years, I've slept since then :-).  Anyway, Tyrone Who?

Larry J

------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 3 Jun 1993 14:35:47 CDT
From:    Lynn Nelson <LHNELSON%UKANVM.BITNET@UBVM.CC.BUFFALO.EDU>
Subject: For distribution.

ANNOUNCING HNSERVER

HNServer is an information server located at telnet
history.cc.ukans.edu login: history. Thse who prefer gopher
access may reach HNServer through gopher TISL.ukans.edu HNServer
is maintained by Academic Computer Services and the History
Department of the University of Kansas and, under the auspices of
the History Network, has been given the task of serving as the
central information server for the international community of
historians.

An information server is an electronic installation that provides
lists, called "menus", of other electronic sites, allows users to
select those in which they are interested, and switches users
automatically to the site selected. Such sites include library
catalogues; data bases; full texts of books, articles, reviews,
reference works, computer software, and other materials; graphic
image collections; professional news; national and local weather
reports; telephone and electronic address books; university news
services; electronic journals; and much more. Users may retrieve
electronically whatever material they wish from thse sites, free
of charge.

HNServer currently has connections to over two hundred library
catalogues worldwide; data bases in Kansas, Ohio, Minnesota,
Mississipi, Missouri, Illinois, Washington DC, Australia, Canada,
the Netherlands, and the United Nations, as well as connections
to other information servers that provide the user with still
more additional connections. Several Usenet usergroups of
interest to historians are presently on-line and more are being
added. Electronic journals include CLIONET (Australia), Colegios,
EconHist, REACH, and the Bryn Mawr Classical Review, and the
holding of GHETA, the Netherlands respository of historical
journals. Johns Hopkins Press pre-publication articles are now
available, as well as the US National Archives catalogue of
available files and the Library of Congress Information Files.

Cooperative plans are underway to establish connections between
HNServer and the Institute of Historical Research of the
University of London, Carlisle Barracks' Center for Military
History, and planned national storage sites for historical data
in Germany and Canada.

The operators of HNServer are continuing to search for other
useful sites, and historians in various parts of the world have
been stimulated by the existence of a central server to begin to
establish new sites in which to collect historical materials.

Lynn Nelson
LHNELSON@UKANVM
lhnelson@kuhub.cc.ukans.edu

------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 3 Jun 1993 15:35:45 -0400
From:    "M. Joseph Barone" <m1b@SSD.RAY.COM>
Subject: Re: INF: Publications

Squadron Publications is affiliated with Squadron Mail Order.  Their
address is:

        Squadron Mail Order
        1115 Crowley Drive
        Carrollton, TX 75011-5010

(The scary part is that I just typed that address in from memory and
then verified that it's correct!  Way too much time on my hands!)
Their phone number is (214) 242-8663.
--
Joe Barone
m1b@rayssd.ssd.ray.com
The reasonable man adapts himself to the world; the unreasonable
one persists in trying to adapt the world to himself.  Therefore,
all progress depends on the unreasonable man. - George Bernard Shaw

------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 3 Jun 1993 20:01:56 -0700
From:    Thomas Cardoza <cardoza%humanitas@HUB.UCSB.EDU>
Subject: Re: INF: LETTERS HOME: D-DAY

John,

Thanks for sharing your letter with us.  It was aneloquent and moving
testimony to a great historic event.  It also convinced me to buy your
book and read it this summer.  Best wishes,

Tom Cardoza

------------------------------

End of WWII-L Digest - 2 Jun 1993 to 3 Jun 1993
***********************************************

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Status: O

There are 15 messages totalling 466 lines in this issue.

Topics of the day:

  1. STRAT: Psychology as a weapon? (11)
  2. GEN: CURRENT RUSSIAN ATTITUDE TOWARD WWII
  3. STRAT: Psychology as a weapon?: Berlin
  4. STRAT:  Psychology as a weapon
  5. <No subject given>

----------------------------------------------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 4 Jun 1993 00:15:44 EST
From:    Larry Jewell <jewell@MACE.CC.PURDUE.EDU>
Subject: STRAT: Psychology as a weapon?

Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor was meant to stun the US into a peace
settlement.

Strategic bombing was supposed to demoralize the enemy.

Just two examples of "psychological impact" theories.  I'm just wondering if
we can come up with examples of "P.I." attacks that worked and others that
didn't work and examine why some were successful and others weren't?

We've seen time and again where the enemey was "supposed to" react according
to plan and didn't, and the occasional time where they did.  My question in
both cases is "Why?"

Larry J
PS, one of my favorites on this line is centered near Lapland.  Any guesses?

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 4 Jun 1993 00:03:47 MDT
From:    Steve Alvin <STEPHEN_ALVIN@DSU1.DSU.NODAK.EDU>
Subject: Re: STRAT: Psychology as a weapon?

On Friday, June 4th (still June 3rd here in western ND) Larry Jewell
wrote:

> Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor was meant to stun the US into a peace
> settlement.
>
> Strategic bombing was supposed to demoralize the enemy.
>
> Just two examples of "psychological impact" theories.  I'm just wondering if
> we can come up with examples of "P.I." attacks that worked and others that
> didn't work and examine why some were successful and others weren't?
>
> We've seen time and again where the enemey was "supposed to" react according
> to plan and didn't, and the occasional time where they did.  My question in
> both cases is "Why?"

I'm probably stretching you meaning here, but currently on the MILHST-
L there is a discussion of the English longbow.  One of my argument
was the effectiveness of an archery strike was often psychological
and forced the opponent to do something stupid.

Another P.I. theory that comes to mind is the proliferation of guard
infantry units in the 18th and early 19th century.  It was often the
policy to recruit tall soldiers and then make them look even bigger
by giving them large shakos or bearskins.  The most famous guard
unit, Napoleon's Old Guard of teh Imperial Guard(which were recruited
for ability, not height) had a fearsome psychological reputation, on
both the French and opponenets armies, that was fostered by Napoleon
himself.  It is not surprising that when the Guard was repulsed by
the British guard regiments at Waterloo the French army broke.

OK, enough about the distant past, for WWII, two events come to mind.
 First, the decision to use the atomic bomb.  Afterall, some argued
that a demonstration of the bomb's power would be enough to compel
Japan to surrender.

Also, was there a P. I. factor to the strategy of the Kriegsmarine?
Did Pocket Battleships, surface raiders, and  U-boats making it
difficult for any ship to sail to England hoped to have a
psychological effect on the merchant marine and the British
population?

Steve Alvin
Dickinson State University
STEPHEN_ALVIN@DSU1.DSU.NODAK.EDU
**********************************************************************
*Those who fail to remember history are doomed to repeat it.--Proverb*
*Those who fail to remember history are doomed to repeat my class.-SA*
**********************************************************************

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 4 Jun 1993 07:30:35 EST
From:    Mike Long <MLONG@UCONNVM.BITNET>
Subject: Re: STRAT: Psychology as a weapon?

Larry Jewell,

The first example of such an action that enters my mind is the Doolittle Raid
on Tokyo. The psychological success was the moral boost for the US. It also
pointed out a vulnerability the Japanese now had to devote more resources to.


Mike Long
MLONG@UCONNVM

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 4 Jun 1993 08:22:18 EDT
From:    Kurt Luginbyhl <MNHAD007@SIVM.BITNET>
Subject: STRAT: Psychology as a weapon?

Anti-personnel mines, gas especially the WWI stuff and animal warfare all
has psychological effect on the foot soldier.  Warfare itself is a
psychological test is it not.  The Psychology of Warfare.  Isn't that a
title?  Help.. Help send references.....

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 4 Jun 1993 07:37:52 EDT
From:    "AD16000@NEMOMUS.BITNET. --Scherrer,
         Tim A." <AD16%NEMOMUS.BITNET@MIZZOU1.MISSOURI.EDU>
Subject: STRAT: Psychology as a weapon?

I think the A-Bomb is the ultimate psychological weapon.  We led the
Japanese to believe that we had more of these when we did.

It reminds me of what we did to the Iraqis during the Gulf War.  We
would drop leaflets saying that we would bomb the XX Infantry Division
tommorrow with B-52's.  The next day we would bomb them.  The third day
we dropped leaflets saying "We bombed you with B-52's yesterday, and we
will again tommorrow".  On the fourth day, the B-52's delivered as
promised.

I'm not sure what is more demoralizing to a soldier to be pounded, with
fair warning, and their armed forces has no possible response.  The
purpose of the B-52 missions really weren't to attrit the Iraqis, but to
get them to leave their units, and destroy cohesion.

Sorry this is a bit off the topic, but I thought it was relevant.

Tim

************************************************************************
*  Tim A. Scherrer          "You'll be fighting WWII for the rest of   *
*  Facilities Supervisor     your life", Ron Scherrer, 1971            *
*  WP:816-785-5253                                                     *
*  HP:816-665-6704                                                     *
*  ID# AD16%NEMOMUS@ACADEMIC.NEMOSTATE.EDU                             *
************************************************************************

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 4 Jun 1993 08:56:05 EDT
From:    Robert E George <regeorge@MAGNUS.ACS.OHIO-STATE.EDU>
Subject: Re: STRAT: Psychology as a weapon?

Larry writes:
>
> Just two examples of "psychological impact" theories.  I'm just wondering if
> we can come up with examples of "P.I." attacks that worked and others that
> didn't work and examine why some were successful and others weren't?
>
> We've seen time and again where the enemey was "supposed to" react according
> to plan and didn't, and the occasional time where they did.  My question in
> both cases is "Why?"

     The Allied (principly British) blockade in the 2nd World War might
fall into this category: it was hoped that Germany could be "starved"
into surrender, and demoralized by blockade-inducted shortages. I would
count this as a failure: German civilian and military morale did *not*
crack during the 2nd World War. I attribute the high Allied expectations
for the blockade to a misreading of 1st World War history, partly
promoted by certain German officials themselves (e.g., Ludendorff) who
claimed that Germany had been defeated on the home front rather than
on the battlefield. The British hoped to repeat this "triumph" again in
the 2nd World War.

     One of the cases you mentioned as being a failure was the Japanese
attempt to stun the U.S. into a cease-fire by hitting Pearl Harbor. Note
that this a "cross-cultural" war: Japanese leaders may not have understood
Americans well enough to predict how they would react.




>
> Larry J
> PS, one of my favorites on this line is centered near Lapland.  Any guesses?
>

     [1] Russo-Finnish War -- Kuusinen [sp?] government??

     [2] Murmansk convoy -- ? ?

Rob George

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 4 Jun 1993 08:12:56 EST
From:    Larry Jewell <jewell@MACE.CC.PURDUE.EDU>
Subject: Re: STRAT: Psychology as a weapon?

>
>      The Allied (principly British) blockade in the 2nd World War might
> fall into this category: it was hoped that Germany could be "starved"
> into surrender, and demoralized by blockade-inducted shortages. I would
> count this as a failure: German civilian and military morale did *not*
> crack during the 2nd World War. I attribute the high Allied expectations
> for the blockade to a misreading of 1st World War history, partly
> promoted by certain German officials themselves (e.g., Ludendorff) who
> claimed that Germany had been defeated on the home front rather than
> on the battlefield. The British hoped to repeat this "triumph" again in
> the 2nd World War.

  There we have the psychological make-up of the leaders being very different,
a factor which the British either ignored, or hoped would not be a serious
enough factor.

  BTW, it's just plain smart to blockade your enemy when you get the chance,
so the psychological facet isn't the prime motivator here, IMHO.

>      One of the cases you mentioned as being a failure was the Japanese
> attempt to stun the U.S. into a cease-fire by hitting Pearl Harbor. Note
> that this a "cross-cultural" war: Japanese leaders may not have understood
> Americans well enough to predict how they would react.

  This would seem the biggest problem with P.I.  If you don't understand
a culture well enough, you can't calculate the proper course of actions.

> > Larry J
> > PS, one of my favorites on this line is centered near Lapland.  Any guesses?
> >
>
>      [1] Russo-Finnish War -- Kuusinen [sp?] government??
>
>      [2] Murmansk convoy -- ? ?

  I'll let everyone get a chance to take a shot at the correct answer :-).

>
> Rob George
>
Larry J

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 4 Jun 1993 08:22:48 EST
From:    Larry Jewell <jewell@MACE.CC.PURDUE.EDU>
Subject: Re: STRAT: Psychology as a weapon?

>
> I think the A-Bomb is the ultimate psychological weapon.  We led the
> Japanese to believe that we had more of these when we did.

  Ah, the "terror weapon".  Outside of the A-bomb, what other such weapons
were effective?  The Stuka's sirens were only for "effect" and on civilians
they seemed to have worked as planned.

> It reminds me of what we did to the Iraqis during the Gulf War.  We
> would drop leaflets saying that we would bomb the XX Infantry Division
> tommorrow with B-52's.  The next day we would bomb them.  The third day
> we dropped leaflets saying "We bombed you with B-52's yesterday, and we
> will again tommorrow".  On the fourth day, the B-52's delivered as
> promised.
>
> I'm not sure what is more demoralizing to a soldier to be pounded, with
> fair warning, and their armed forces has no possible response.  The
> purpose of the B-52 missions really weren't to attrit the Iraqis, but to
> get them to leave their units, and destroy cohesion.

  On Lydia Fish's VWAR-L (the Vietnam Oral History List) we once discussed
the difference between the mugging victim in a city and the soldier in the
"bush".  I held that the soldier had the greater stress since he KNEW people
would be trying to kill him again tommorrow, and the day after, and the day
after that, and...

> Sorry this is a bit off the topic, but I thought it was relevant.
>
> Tim
>
> ************************************************************************
> *  Tim A. Scherrer          "You'll be fighting WWII for the rest of   *
> *  Facilities Supervisor     your life", Ron Scherrer, 1971            *
> *  WP:816-785-5253                                                     *
> *  HP:816-665-6704                                                     *
> *  ID# AD16%NEMOMUS@ACADEMIC.NEMOSTATE.EDU                             *
> ************************************************************************
>
Larry J

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 4 Jun 1993 08:26:13 EST
From:    Larry Jewell <jewell@MACE.CC.PURDUE.EDU>
Subject: Re: STRAT: Psychology as a weapon?

>
> Larry Jewell,
>
> The first example of such an action that enters my mind is the Doolittle Raid
> on Tokyo. The psychological success was the moral boost for the US. It also
> pointed out a vulnerability the Japanese now had to devote more resources to.

  Pinning down troops with minimum forces of your own is a prime P.I. trick.
Patton's 1st Army aimed at Pas de Calais is a good example.  Mahan's
"fleet in being" fits this category, to some extent, yes?

> Mike Long
> MLONG@UCONNVM

Larry J

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 4 Jun 1993 10:01:48 -0500
From:    Glenn Millard <A_MILLARDGD@CCSVAX.SFASU.EDU>
Subject: Re: STRAT: Psychology as a weapon?

The time I can think that this was used most effectively actually had
 a very real impact on the war.
This was during the Battle of Britian. During the height of the battle
Hilter was boasting that Berlin would never be bombed. Because of this
Churchill had a raid launched that did exactly that. If I remember right
he tried to time it to coincide with a speech by Hilter.
I have always heard it implied that this prompted Hilter to change his
tactics from bombing the airfields, which was working, to bombing
London and other major population areas to prompt the demoralize the
British and try to make them surrender. In Hilter's case the
psychological warfare did not work.
 Correct or incorrect this should make for an interesting discussion.

 Glenn Millard
 Stephen F. Austin State University
 Internet: a_millardgd@ccsvax.sfasu.edu

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 4 Jun 1993 17:01:26 +0200
From:    JOHN AUSLAND <d_ausland_j@KARI.UIO.NO>
Subject: GEN: CURRENT RUSSIAN ATTITUDE TOWARD WWII

  Oslo, June 4.  John Brandt raises an interesting question.  WWII
was a horrendous experience for the Russians, and there is no question
that generation still feels this very deeply.  Furthermore, the
Soviet regime used this as a unifying device.  One way in which this
feeling has been transmitted to the younger generation is the custom
of newly married couples making a visit to the unknown soldier's
grave near the Kremlin wall to lay a wreath.  During a visit to
Moscow several years ago, I watched this ceremony, and it seemed
to be conducted seriously.
  Nevertheless, John's query makes me wonder.  I will send a message
to one of my young EMAIL contacts in Russia and will post here any
reply I get from him.
  Regards, John Ausland

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 4 Jun 1993 18:10:10 EET
From:    "F.Baube[tm]" <flb@FLB.OPTIPLAN.FI>
Subject: Re: STRAT: Psychology as a weapon?: Berlin

From: Glenn Millard <A_MILLARDGD@CCSVAX.SFASU.EDU>
>
> This was during the Battle of Britian. During the height of the battle
> Hilter was boasting that Berlin would never be bombed. Because of this
> Churchill had a raid launched that did exactly that. If I remember right
> he tried to time it to coincide with a speech by Hilter.

My understanding was that Churchill bombed Berlin in retaliation
after the Germans bombed London, BUT that when the Germans bombed
London it was purely unintentional: a navigational error, or a
routine jettisoning of bombs after an assigned mission failed.

Perhaps then he did try to time the bombing of Berlin to coincide
with a speech, I can't say.

> I have always heard it implied that this prompted Hilter to change his
> tactics from bombing the airfields, which was working, to bombing
> London and other major population areas to prompt the demoralize
> the British and try to make them surrender.

This part is how I have read it too.

But the implication of all is interesting: Hitler was doing
well in the BoB with attacks on airfields, factories, and
some radar stations.

But because of a purely chance occurrence (bombs on London),
the whole German strategy changed, and gave the British the
breathing space they needed to recover in the BoB.

If I have the facts correct, I'd like to follow this idea too,
of chance events taht changed the very nature of campaigns.

/fred

--
* Fred Baube (tm)   * "Maybe if I hadn't been so fastidious
* GU/MSFS/88        *  I might have changed history --
* baube@optiplan.fi *  but oh, that body odour of his."
* #include          *  -- Lena Basquette, former actress,
*    <disclaimer.h> *  on Hitler's attempt to seduce her

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 4 Jun 1993 11:11:54 CDT
From:    Pat Hughes <JPHUGHES@UKANVM.BITNET>
Subject: Re: STRAT: Psychology as a weapon?

Much of the motivation for the V weapons was psychological. Missiles seem to
have continued to have a major psychological impact later (Sputnik and the
Cuban Missile crisis...)

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 4 Jun 1993 12:21:26 MDT
From:    Steve Alvin <STEPHEN_ALVIN@DSU1.DSU.NODAK.EDU>
Subject: Re: STRAT:  Psychology as a weapon

I re-read my post this morning and realized that my paragraph on the
German Navy might be a bit unclear (that's what I get for typing when
I'm tired).  Let me try again.

Was much of the strategy employed by the surface capital units,
raiders, and U-Boats also intended in sending a psycological message.
Was the sortie of the Bismarck, for example, expected to accomplish a
lot of destruction?  Or was it more a tweaking of the British Navy's
nose?  "See, your vaunted navy can't stop one German battleship!"
The fact that the British DID stop the Bismarck would have caused
that argument to backfire!

Also, just as the British blockade of Germany was supposed to have a
psychological impact on German citizens, so was the U-boat campaign
expected to have a psychological impact on the British citizen.
While a blockade makes sound military sense, it plays a psychological
role as well.

I think that it is interesting that at the start of hostilities,
Hitler orderd that the pocket battleship Deutschland should be re-
named.  He feared the psychological and propaganda impact if "Germany"
was sunk!

I can think of two other common P. I.'s employed:  one on a tactical
level and one on a strategic level.  First, there were nuisance raids
carried on by all sides.  The single plane raid in the middle of the
night (Bed Check Charlie of Korean War fame--or 5:00 Charlie of MASH
fame) or a few rounds of artillery shells was used to keep the enemy
from getting any rest and keeping them on edge.

On a strategic level, can we draw a line between P. I. and propaganda?
It has been discussed earlier on the list about the rascist elements
of the Pacific War.  Japanese were seen as less than human, and the
Americans were portrayed by the Japanese as devils.

One of the greatest practitioners of  P. I. in the past was Ghengis
Khan.  Once, a city refused to surrender to his army (I forget which,
I'd have to look it up) so he stormed it, beheaded all the males, and
piled their skulls in a pyramid as a warning to other cities not to
resist (it worked too!)


Steve Alvin
Dickinson State University
STEPHEN_ALVIN@DSU1.DSU.NODAK.EDU
**********************************************************************
*Those who fail to remember history are doomed to repeat it.--Proverb*
*Those who fail to remember history are doomed to repeat my class.-SA*
**********************************************************************

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 4 Jun 1993 23:58:00 GMT
From:    "Joseph R. Miller" <0005007943@MCIMAIL.COM>
Subject: <No subject given>

PLEASE REMOVE FROM LIST, THANK YOU

------------------------------

End of WWII-L Digest - 3 Jun 1993 to 4 Jun 1993
***********************************************

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There are 3 messages totalling 107 lines in this issue.

Topics of the day:

  1. ARC: One for the FAQ file.
  2. STRAT: Psychology as a weapon? (2)

----------------------------------------------------------------------

Date:    Sat, 5 Jun 1993 08:01:05 EST
From:    Larry Jewell <jewell@MACE.CC.PURDUE.EDU>
Subject: ARC: One for the FAQ file.

I wrote this for the Military History List, but thought those of you who
haven't seen it might find it interesting.

Larry J



Date:    Fri, 4 Jun 1993 17:18:07 EST
From:    "TCWERNC@VCCSCENT.BITNET" <TCWERNC@VCCSCENT.BITNET>
Subject: Imperial Japanese Navy shallow running aerial torpedoes -

          R. & D.  1941

  Does any out there know of any sources covering the research and development
  of the shallow running aerial torpedoes,used by the Imperial Japanese Navy
  aircraft during the raid on Pearl Harbor? This R. & D. time span should
  cover from January to November 1941.

   Thanks,
   Carl Wernke
   Tidewater Community College
   State Route 135
   Portsmouth,Va  23703

Hi, check Naval Institute's NAVAL HISTORY magazine, Vol. 5, No. 4 (Winter
1991) for an article titled "Japanese Thunderfish" by John F. De Virgillo.

The whole "trick" to the torpedoes used was the attachement of specialized
fins.

"Torpedoes had to be specially prepared for use at Pearl harbor. Among other
things, wooden extension fins were attached to the metal horizontal and
vertical stabilizers located on both sides and several feet forward of the
torpedo's metal horizontal fin (see Illustration A).  These fins served
to stabilize the torpedo in its aerial flight and came off upon entering
the water [5]. The large steel horizontal variable-depth control rudders
located on the very tail end of the fin assembly were placed in an up
position.  This position helped the torpedo to hook upward after water entry."

[5] U.S. Naval Technical Mission to Japan, 1945-1946, No.O-O1.2, part 1.

The article is very well done with some interesting graphics on the pattern
of torpedo hits on Oklahoma and West Virginia.  The author was noted as
being in the process of writting a volume to be called "Torn Steel: The
Destruction of the American Battleship Force at Pearl Harbor."

Larry J

#L.W. Jewell WWII-L Listowner JEWELL@MACE.CC.PURDUE.EDU
#"Sunday's horoscope is note worthy because of its strange, sudden and wholly
#unpredictable and inexplicable occurrences, affecting all phases of life."
#"Your Horoscope" L.A. Evening Herald Express, Sat, 12/06/41  #

------------------------------

Date:    Sat, 5 Jun 1993 12:28:34 -0400
From:    KAPLAN@DUQ3.DUQ.EDU
Subject: Re: STRAT: Psychology as a weapon?

In reading some of the responses to Larry's proposition, I thought of the
use of the LRDP (Long Range Desert Patrol) by the British in North Africa.
Their purpose while wreaking havoc deep behind German lines, was to demon-
strate that the German lines were not secure, and force them to utilize
resources and personnel needed at the front.  The Psych. aspects were
achieved along with material damages, but I don't think the Afrika Korps.
radically altered their strategy; they came up with a deep penetration group
of their own
In the battle for Berlin, the Russians employed Psych. and/or racial fears
by letting the word out that the Asian units of the Red Army were going into
Berlin with Zhukov.

                                Richard Kaplan
                                kaplan@duq3.duq.edu

------------------------------

Date:    Sat, 5 Jun 1993 19:48:04 EDT
From:    Robert E George <regeorge@MAGNUS.ACS.OHIO-STATE.EDU>
Subject: Re: STRAT: Psychology as a weapon?

In the book "Engage the Enemy More Closely" Correlli Barnett describes
how Admiral Cunningham established psychological ascendancy over the
Italian Navy in the 2nd World War:

     " . . . A report came in that a very old and feeble Italian
torpedo boat was on passage from Taranto to Tobruk on Libya. Cunningham
ordered:'Send out a division of destroyers and sink her.'  When his staff
protested on the grounds that the destroyers should be cleaning boilers
and that anyway the torpedo boat presented no threat, Cunningham replied:
'We must never let the enemy think that it is safe to go to sea; we
must make him think that he is only safe when in harbour. Contrariwise,
our Fleet must feel that it is natural for them to be at sea. Go on,
send the destroyers and sink the poor inoffensive bugger!' (p. 223) "

     Some of MacArthur's apparently reckless exploits (e.g., disregard
of taking cover) may have been intended to imbue his troops with
"infectious courage" -- I have no references on hand, but I think
Manchester mentions this.

Rob

------------------------------

End of WWII-L Digest - 4 Jun 1993 to 5 Jun 1993
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There are 4 messages totalling 184 lines in this issue.

Topics of the day:

  1. GEN: RUSSIAN YOUTH AND WORLD WAR II
  2. STRAT: Psychology as a weapon? (3)

----------------------------------------------------------------------

Date:    Sun, 6 Jun 1993 13:21:00 +0200
From:    John Ausland <d_ausland_j@KARI.UIO.NO>
Subject: GEN: RUSSIAN YOUTH AND WORLD WAR II

  Oslo, June 6.  John Brandt raised the question as to how Russian
youth feel today about WWII.  I promised to try to get the views
of a Russian EMAIL contact, but I find he has changed his address,
so I must try again.  In the meantime, I have also asked a former
Foreign Service colleague, who was one of our Soviet experts and
served several times in Moscow and on the Soviet desk in the State
Department.  Here is what he said:

BEGIN TEXT
        Leaving the bridal bouquet at the eternal flame is not a
requirement, but it certainly is a long-standing tradition--and
not just in Moscow.  They were still doing it last summer.  I
think it also reflects some feelings: gratitude to those who saved
the country from whatever, including the German onslaught.

        I suppose that, now, it's an open question as to how much
it was "saved."  My guess is that everyone who is now a teenager
and older grew up with ultra-patriotic indoctrination against the
Germans, though in the absence of personal memories of the "Great
Patriotic War" it's unlikely that their feelings are nearly as
strong as those of their parents and grandparents.  Still, the
Soviets made a cult of keeping the memories alive--museums that
all the little schoolkids visited showing the horrors of the
invasion, etc., plus constant propaganda (against the "bad"
Germans, that is--not the "good" Germans in the GDR).

        I think those feelings are still cultivated, at least in
the "Hero Cities" like St. Petersburg and Volgograd (Stalingrad).
Two summers ago in Volgograd, the lines of visitors to the
museums at the site of the battles, and especially to the very
impressive victory monument and museum, snaked on for hours.  Not
just tourists, but hordes of school children brought in from all
over.

        Gorbachev's acquiesence in German reunification was just
about the last straw for the old-time Communists and military,
one of the many grievances they had against him when they
attempted the coup.  It was bad enough to give up on Eastern
Europe, but  to "lose" Germany, the prize of WWII, was more than
they could stomach.  He and Shevardnadze were both raked over the
coals for that at the 29th (and last) Party Congress, in July
1990.  They both gave essentially the same answers when called to
the podium to defend themselves:  "What would you have us do,
Comrades?  Send in the tanks again to tell the East Europeans how
to live?  And when the East Germans themselves decided they wanted
to be reunited with the West, were we supposed to repeat the
massacre of 1953?"

        How much of that carries over to the younger generation?
Probably not the same emotional intensity.  You'll recall that
history exams were cancelled in all high schools and universities
in the spring of '91 (was it '90?), because there simply were no
decent textbooks.  I think they still are trying to grapple with
rewriting history, and I'm told that teachers and profs just have
to wing it, with no standardized texts.  Now that young people
realize that they had been fed lies about so many things all
their lives, I suppose only time will tell whether they now
reject everything they've been taught, or whether there is some
selective belief.
END TEXT
        John C. Ausland CIS: 73240,2704
        Internet: d_ausland_j@kari.uio.no

------------------------------

Date:    Mon, 7 Jun 1993 00:24:49 +0200
From:    Emmanuel Gustin <gustin@NATS.UIA.AC.BE>
Subject: Re: STRAT: Psychology as a weapon?

On Sat, 5 Jun 1993 Richard Kaplan, <KAPLAN@DUQ3.DUQ.EDU> wrote:

> In the battle for Berlin, the Russians employed Psych. and/or racial fears
> by letting the word out that the Asian units of the Red Army were going into
> Berlin with Zhukov.

Second-line Soviet units were well known for their brutality and cruel
treatment of the German population --- not much to do with racial fear
(elite units had better discipline). Maybe the terror was deliberate, to
flood the road with fugitives. Germans attacks earlier in the war often had
the same effect. I think that the use of fear to drive people from their
homes can be considered psychological warfare.

This kind of psych. warfare seems to have little effect on troops or
resistance groups, on the other hand. The German army tried to restore
their control over the Balkan by issuing treats and random executions, but
it didn't help at all.

There are, of course, more positive ways to use psych. warfare. A British
general (was it Auchinleck?) once issued a pamphlet to his troops,
entitled 'I do not envy Rommel' or something like that, to point it out
to them that the German general was only human...

Emmanuel Gustin

------------------------------

Date:    Sun, 6 Jun 1993 19:08:51 EST
From:    Larry Jewell <jewell@MACE.CC.PURDUE.EDU>
Subject: Re: STRAT: Psychology as a weapon?

Okay, I'll tell.  My favorite bit of psyschological warfare was the stationing
of Kriegsmarine heavys units along the U.K.-Murmansk route.  Convoy PQ-17
was virtually destroyed because the Allies *thought* that Tirpitz was on
the loose.

The ship has a tactical value but it was outweighed by the mental anguish
it caused.

Another P.I. weapon is the "special operations" units.  Guenther Rothenberg
here at Purdue has told us about his time with the Special Interogation Units
whose job, in North Africa, was to kidnap German and Italian officers and
bring them back for "a nice chat."  I could sympathize with the mental state
of men waking up in a tent to find one of there number had vanished in the
night.  Something like this happened in Southeast Asia a few decades later
(but, of course, I have no personal knowledge of any such events.)  Guenther
said the units were disbanded when it was discovered to be easier to have
barmaids give the Axis officers free drinks and "chat them up."

Larry J

------------------------------

Date:    Sun, 6 Jun 1993 21:40:21 CDT
From:    "Robert J. Granvin" <rjg@UMNSTAT.STAT.UMN.EDU>
Subject: Re: STRAT: Psychology as a weapon?

> Okay, I'll tell.  My favorite bit of psyschological warfare was the stationing
> of Kriegsmarine heavys units along the U.K.-Murmansk route.  Convoy PQ-17
> was virtually destroyed because the Allies *thought* that Tirpitz was on
> the loose.

I _hate_ starting to recall a story when a name which I know well suddenly
eludes me.  I'm sure someone will fill in the name.  :-)

Anyways, Harold Weiss, a good friend who passed away last Christmas, served
during the war in the CBI theater.  There, he did everything from aircraft
maintenance to patrol missions.  He found himself playing perimiter and
camp gate guard duty a lot... standing out in the mud and rain carrying a
rifle and never enough ammunition.

Most of the camp was staffed by the local warriors... wearing their white
turbans and short curved daggers.  Whenever Harold would see one of those
knives, he'd reminisce for hours... Once the knife is drawn from the sheath,
tradition and religious belief held that it must draw blood.  Nasty, nasty
warriors these were.  Glad they were on our side.

But skilled, also.  One day while on guard, he was watching the people moving
here and there from every which way to everywhere, it seemed.  Suddenly, one
of them drew his knife and decapitated another right in front of him.  This
all happened before he could lower his rifle -- there was always fears that
if one went "nuts," he could do a lot of damage.

He resheathed his knife and the guards ran over and uncovered the body.
Japanese.  Loaded head to toe with grenades and high explosives and heading
straight for the ammo dump.

Harold asked him "How did you know?"  The only response was a tapping of the
nose and the word "Smell."  Amazing.

Yet these same folx wreaked psychological terror on the Japanese in a gruesome
way.  Their skills at stealth were so formidable that they could, in large
numbers, infiltrate and escape from a Japanese infantry camp without ever
being detected.

The Japanese would sleep in tents that housed three, side by side.  They would
each select a tent at random, slip inside and decapitate the soldier in the
middle, never waking a single person throughout the whole ordeal.

Imagine waking up the next morning to find one of you, always the one in the
middle, quite obviously dead and having never heard a sound or alarm.

Psychology works... Even when thinking about it.   [1/2 :-)]

--
Robert J. Granvin                                    Southern Minnesota Wing
rjg@stat.umn.edu                                       Confederate Air Force
  You know you've made a gear-up landing when it takes full power to taxi.

------------------------------

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To: Recipients of WWII-L digests <WWII-L@UBVM.cc.buffalo.edu>
Status: O

There are 8 messages totalling 355 lines in this issue.

Topics of the day:

  1. STRAT: Psychology as a weapon?
  2. Misc:  Help wanted!
  3. Help Needed (not WW II though)
  4. (Forwarded) INTERNET FREE ACCESS THREATENED (fw
  5. (Forwarded) INTERNET FREE ACCESS THREATENED
  6. Addr: V-1 (2)
  7. 50 Years ago today. What happened?

----------------------------------------------------------------------

Date:    Mon, 7 Jun 1993 07:15:08 EDT
From:    "AD16000@NEMOMUS.BITNET. --Scherrer,
         Tim A." <AD16%NEMOMUS.BITNET@MIZZOU1.MISSOURI.EDU>
Subject: Re: STRAT: Psychology as a weapon?

Psychology as a weapon goes both ways--not only to demoralize, but to
instill confidence.  Things like having soldiers scream when they
practice sticking bayonets into straw dummies have a similar impact.
What about things like BG McAuliffe (sp?) of the 101st Airborne at
Bastogne replying to a surrender demand with "Nuts".  That must have
been good for a couple days of raised morale within the perimeter, when
it was needed most.

An example of morale busting psyop was the German rumor that was
certainly not played down by the Americans that the 4th Armored Division
was a special penal division of convicts from the inner-cities of
America.  The rumor said they were nicknamed "Roosevelt's Butchers".
They were feared (for good reason) in battle.  This would be the
division that had Creighton Abrahms as a tank battalion commander.

Tim

************************************************************************
*  Tim A. Scherrer          "You'll be fighting WWII for the rest of   *
*  Facilities Supervisor     your life", Ron Scherrer, 1971            *
*  WP:816-785-5253                                                     *
*  HP:816-665-6704                                                     *
*  ID# AD16%NEMOMUS@ACADEMIC.NEMOSTATE.EDU                             *
************************************************************************

------------------------------

Date:    Sun, 6 Jun 1993 00:03:10 MDT
From:    Steve Alvin <STEPHEN_ALVIN@DSU1.DSU.NODAK.EDU>
Subject: Misc:  Help wanted!

I realize that this is beyond the scope of the list, but I am hoping
someone out there might be able to help me.

I am corresponding on the net with a student of international
relations in Turkey.  He is trying to write a paper on the UN and the
Somalia operation and he is stymied by the fact that it is an 11 day
religious holiday in Turkey and all of the libraries are closed!  If
anyone can answer these questions for me (so I can send it to him), or
point me in the right direction, I'd appreciated it!

1.  What units were deployed to Somalia as part of UNOSOM/UNITAF and
when did they arrive in country?

2.  What is the organizational structure of UNOSOM/UNITAF and what
was the chain of command?

3.  UN resolutions concerning Somalia passed after resolution # 794?

Please respond privately to the address below.

Thanks!

Steve Alvin
Dickinson State University
STEPHEN_ALVIN@DSU1.DSU.NODAK.EDU
**********************************************************************
*Those who fail to remember history are doomed to repeat it.--Proverb*
*Those who fail to remember history are doomed to repeat my class.-SA*
**********************************************************************

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 4 Jun 1993 16:37:33 +0300
From:    Ozgur Altinyay <ALTINYAY@TRBILUN.BITNET>
Subject: Help Needed (not WW II though)

Can any body send me the forces (as well as the units ) and force sizes sent
to Somali in the Operation Restore Hope ?
I need it desperately !

------------------------------

Date:    Mon, 7 Jun 1993 16:50:05 GMT,BST
From:    Dr John Gillies <JOHNG@PSY.GLA.AC.UK>
Subject: (Forwarded) INTERNET FREE ACCESS THREATENED (fw

Forwarded message:
Date:     Mon, 7 Jun 1993 11:16:49 EDT
Reply-To: Sign Language Linguistics List <SLLING-L@EARN.YALEVM>
From: Christopher Giordano <cgiordan@EDU.UMD.ARHU>
Subject:  INTERNET FREE ACCESS THREATENED (fwd)
X-To:     linguist%tamvm1@tamu.edu, slling-l@yalevm.ycc.yale.edu
To: Multiple recipients of list SLLING-L <SLLING-L@EARN.YALEVM>


This may be of some interest to those of us within universities, and
will probably be of greater interest to those who are not piggybacking
on the backs of larger institutions, but are doing things on their
own.


Forwarded message:
>
> pass this along to any other lists you're on.
> ric, knight of the nets
> ----------------------------Original message----------------------------
> PLEASE FORWARD TO OTHER NETWORKS
>
>
>
> Most of you are probably aware of a plan to limit free use of
> INTERNET to "scientists" transmitting huge files and to start
> charging for e-mail.  Apparently, this is the result of private
> telecommunications interests putting pressure on the National
> Science Foundation.
>
> If this plan is realized, it will mean that the majority of the
> approximately 15 million users of INTERNET will be cut off.
> Sadly, this is occurring just when the potential of this network
> was starting to be realized.
>
> Something must be DONE.  We can not let private interests deprive
> us of access to INTERNET.
>
> I suggest that all concerned users register their protest/concern
> directly with Clinton and Gore via e-mail.  Their e-mail address
> have recently been posted and they are:
>
> Clinton= PRESIDENT@WHITEHOUSE.GOV
> Gore = VICE.PRESIDENT@WHITEHOUSE.GOV
>
> In addition, I also suggest that we identify the office in the
> NSF which is responsible for INTERNET and register electronic
> protests with them.
>
> Any help or suggestions would be appreciated, especially in
> locating the e-mail address for the office in the NSF.
>
> **********************************************************************
> * Carl H.A. Dassbach            BITNET:  DASSBACH@MTUS5              *
> * Dept. of Social Sciences      INTERNET: DASSBACH@MTUS5.CTS.MTU.EDU *
> * Michigan Technological Univ.  PHONE: (906)487-2115                 *
> * Houghton,  MI  49931          FAX: (906)487-2468                   *
> * U.S.A.                                                             *
> **********************************************************************
>
>
>
> %%% overflow headers %%%
> To: WELSH Language Bulletin Board <WELSH-L@IRLEARN.bitnet>,
>         mats.henricson@eua.ericsson.se, b.o.listog@avh.unit.no, abj@ida.liu.se
>         humphrie@ssc.wisc.edu, denni@thep.lu.se, dick@smith.chi.il.us,
>         Edvard L|kketangen <edvardl@ifi.uio.no>, espen.aarseth@hf.uib.no,
>         g.t.h.eriksen@ima.uio.no, Janne Margarete T|rklep <jannet@ifi.uio.no>,
>         jan.film@sx.gar.no, jonnya@ifi.uio.no, axelsson@cslab.felk.cvut.cs,
>         jonar@hedda.uio.no (jon lanestedt), jon@apple.com, jot@ifi.uio.no,
>         mikatenh@sfbbs.edvina.se,
>         Molle_Kanmert@p24.f209.n203.z2.fidonet.cd.chalmers.se, pnh@panix.com,
>         p.c.jorgensen@easteur-orient.uio.no,
>         car@esca.com (Carrie Root & Andy Hooper),
>         Svein Olav Glesaaen Nyberg <solan@math.uio.no>,
>         torfu@ifi.uio.no (Tor Fuglerud), Trond.Buland@ifim.sintef.no,
>         VICTORIA%IUBVM.bitnet@livid.uib.no,
>         A discussion of Jacques Derrida and Deconstruction
>  <DERRIDA@CFRVM.bitnet>,
>         18th Century Interdisciplinary Discussion <C18-L@PSUVM.bitnet>
> %%% end overflow headers %%%
>
>


John Gillies
Department of Psychology
Adam Smith Building
University of Glasgow
Glasgow  G12 8RT                      Tel: (0)41 339 8855 ext.5351
Scotland
                         johng@psy.glasgow.ac.uk

------------------------------

Date:    Mon, 7 Jun 1993 13:01:31 +0100
From:    Bob Smart <bsmart@VERDIX.COM>
Subject: Re: (Forwarded) INTERNET FREE ACCESS THREATENED

> Forwarded message:
> Date:     Mon, 7 Jun 1993 11:16:49 EDT
> Reply-To: Sign Language Linguistics List <SLLING-L@EARN.YALEVM>
> From: Christopher Giordano <cgiordan@EDU.UMD.ARHU>
> Subject:  INTERNET FREE ACCESS THREATENED (fwd)
> X-To:     linguist%tamvm1@tamu.edu, slling-l@yalevm.ycc.yale.edu
> To: Multiple recipients of list SLLING-L <SLLING-L@EARN.YALEVM>
>
>
> This may be of some interest to those of us within universities, and
> will probably be of greater interest to those who are not piggybacking
> on the backs of larger institutions, but are doing things on their
> own.

I am going to beg the lists forgivenes in advance.  I saw this message over the
weekend on another list and drafted some comments about it.  Larry if I've
stretched the rules too far let me know, I try not to step out of line (at
least not often :-))

Bob Smart (bsmart@verdix.com)

-- text originally set to Vwar-L list --

Before anyone goes off I would really like to know 'which department at NSF'
they think is doing this.  This seems like a rumor that has gotten out of hand.
I don't think there are 'private telecommunications interests' that want to
limit the use of the internet. After all who do you think provides the long
distance links for the internet? Ma Bell, MCI, SPRINT, thats who. This message
like all the others we see is carried on commercially bid long haul lines.

In fact anyone who thinks the Internet is free probably also thinks the
Interstate highway system is free.  Someone always pays! For example, My
company pays $1,000 a month for access to the Internet.  We get it through
the Commercial Internet Exchange that several access providers UUNet, PSI
and others) set up and pay for.  I also pay about $750 a month for the actual
56Kbyte line from C&P (The local phone company) to connect My site with UUNet,
about 10 miles from me.  That ain't free folks. Don't get me wrong I'm not
looking for sympathy or for the government to give us free connections.  For us
it is a cost of doing business.

To academic sites it may appear free, To me personnaly it appears almost free
since the company pays for it.  But to folks like Monte and the Mayor it ain't
free. America On Line (AOL), Compuserve, MCIMail, Digex, etc. all charge
either flat fee or by the message or something in between. Yes those charges
generate a profit for someone but they also go to pay the real cost of local
and long distance phone lines, computers, etc.  And you academic types pay for
it to. Why do you think they had to cut funding to the library or the theatre
last year? (We won't even mention the salary freeze or the three positions that
got cut :-)) Yep, all those mail messages meant that Computer Center had to buy
more disks and upgrade the data lines from 56K to T-1. Do you know what the one
time installation costs on a T-1 are? And you have to replace the hardware with
units that are T-1 capable, etc, etc.

All these costs get paid for the Internet too. Its just that it isn't paid as
you use it but hidden in the infrastructure. Like the difference between a toll
road and a freeway. One gets paid for by the folks that actually use it, the
other gets funded out of general tax receipts ( or targeted taxes like the gas
tax you pay on every gallon you buy) On my recent trip down the west coast I
used several fine roads like I-5 and US 101 ( and some rather narrow ones to
and from the cooast :-) that The taxpayers of California, Oregon, and
Washington paid for. And I helped pay for them through the Federal highway
trust fund. And you helped pay for I-270 Here in Maryland that we use like a
commuter road. The idea is that the highway network is for the common good ad
that good roads everywhere are beneficial to all of us even if we never use it
ourselves. Well the 'Data Highway uses the same concept.The bookkeeping to make
each of us pay for every data packet we send would add a hell of a lot of
overhead that wouldn't move data any more effectivly. So they fund the core
system out of general funds. Some folks take advantage of the system, all of us
on VWAR-L do. and some abuse the system (don't get me started on Nethack, IRC,
or a few other '(ab)uses' of the net) And some folks let others use something
their tax dollars paid for. Yes there are inequities, I mentioned Monte as an
example earlier.  I would love to see equal access to the net everywhere in the
US. Sort of like Rural Free Delivery of Mail ( which is only a little over 100
years old, and how long have folks been sending mail to each other)

Oh well the parking meter on my soapbox is about to expire. sorry for
rambling.

Bob Smart (#15, and East Coast representative for VWAR-NW,GCD)
bsmart@verdix.com

------------------------------

Date:    Mon, 7 Jun 1993 20:25:15 EDT
From:    RICHARD KING <RKING@VUNET.VINU.EDU>
Subject: Addr: V-1

I have been told there is a V-1 rocket on display on the
court house lawn at Greencastle, Indiana. I will find out and
view it, if possible, since I go there occasionally. This seems
astounding to me, but I've been told there are several hundred
throughout England on display as well. Still, on a court house lawn
in Darkest Indiana...
     Does this interest anyone? Several months ago there was
spirited discussion of strange WWII hardware (German submarine
in the midwest, etc). parked in out-of-the way places, so I
thought I'd pass this along.
************************************************************
Richard King, Reference Librarian, Vincennes (IN) Univ.
RKING@VUNET.VINU.EDU

------------------------------

Date:    Mon, 7 Jun 1993 21:01:17 -0500
From:    Larry Jewell <jewell@MACE.CC.PURDUE.EDU>
Subject: Re: 50 Years ago today. What happened?

Seen on soc.history :-)
Larry J

In article <C8A528.8w4@mentor.cc.purdue.edu> you write:
>In article <1v0nle$6ct@katmandu.solbourne.com> stevem@solbourne.com (Stephen Matson) writes:
>>
>> Does anyone know whats happened to Bill? I really miss his 50 YAT postings.
>
>Uh, here I am!  Sorry about the long absence... ask me about ISO 9000
>sometime. >8-)
>
>Anyway, though I'm well behind, I do intend to get caught up this summer.
>I refuse to give up now, just when things are getting interesting!  Kursk
>beckons...
>
>Thanks to Steve and all the rest of you who've sent supportive email!
>I really appreciate your enthusiasm for the series! And thanks to Larry
>Jewell for letting me borrow his account here at Purdue.
>
>Bill Thacker, on vacation in lovely West Lafayette, Indiana.
>
--
#L.W. Jewell WWII-L Listowner JEWELL@MACE.CC.PURDUE.EDU
#"Sunday's horoscope is note worthy because of its strange, sudden and wholly
#unpredictable and inexplicable occurrences, affecting all phases of life."
#"Your Horoscope" L.A. Evening Herald Express, Sat, 12/06/41  #

------------------------------

Date:    Mon, 7 Jun 1993 21:42:51 EDT
From:    Zel Eaton <AD04%NEMOMUS.BITNET@UBVM.CC.BUFFALO.EDU>
Subject: Addr: V-1

Hay, sounds good.  Lets start a list of items such as this to check out
on vactions etc.  :)

Like the old war birds sitting on the grass strip south of Atlanta, Ga.
Who, why, etc.  :)

zel
> I have been told there is a V-1 rocket on display on the
> court house lawn at Greencastle, Indiana. I will find out and
> view it, if possible, since I go there occasionally. This seems
> astounding to me, but I've been told there are several hundred
> throughout England on display as well. Still, on a court house lawn
> in Darkest Indiana...
>      Does this interest anyone? Several months ago there was
> spirited discussion of strange WWII hardware (German submarine
> in the midwest, etc). parked in out-of-the way places, so I
> thought I'd pass this along.
> ************************************************************
> Richard King, Reference Librarian, Vincennes (IN) Univ.
> RKING@VUNET.VINU.EDU



!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
! Zel Eaton  (Bitnet) AD04@NEMOMUS (Portal) zel@cup.portal.com   !
!            (Internet) AD04%NEMOMUS@ACADEMIC.NEMOSTATE.EDU      !
!            (Voice) 816-665-1832 /\RCMA (MO-048) SHARKHUNTERS   !
!            INTERNATIONAL, Past Member Board of Dir. /\ CAF Col.!
!            #12855/\ "LOS NUMEROS" - ON LINE- Contributing Ed.  !
!            Me . . . I speak only for myself . . .              !
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

------------------------------

End of WWII-L Digest - 6 Jun 1993 to 7 Jun 1993
***********************************************

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Subject:  WWII-L Digest - 7 Jun 1993 to 8 Jun 1993
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Status: O

There are 17 messages totalling 572 lines in this issue.

Topics of the day:

  1. STRAT: Psychology as a weapon? (3)
  2. Addr: V-1 (4)
  3. USAAF 8 JUN 43
  4. NOST (2)
  5. <No subject given>
  6. INFO ON NATO DATA LIST
  7. Greencastle, IN  V-1 (2)
  8. Greencastle, IN V-1
  9. ARC: FAQ Structure
 10. INF: Time line generator

----------------------------------------------------------------------

Date:    Mon, 7 Jun 1993 22:38:38 MDT
From:    Steve Alvin <STEPHEN_ALVIN@DSU1.DSU.NODAK.EDU>
Subject: Re: STRAT: Psychology as a weapon?

On Monday, June 7th, Larry Jewell wrote:

> Okay, I'll tell.  My favorite bit of psyschological warfare was the stationing
> of Kriegsmarine heavys units along the U.K.-Murmansk route.  Convoy PQ-17
> was virtually destroyed because the Allies *thought* that Tirpitz was on
> the loose.
>
> The ship has a tactical value but it was outweighed by the mental anguish
> it caused.

But the Tirpitz, Admiral Scheer, and Admiral Hipper *did* set sail
against convoy PQ-17.  The sortie was prematurely broken off.  I
don't know if you can consider the transfer of most of the surviving
German heavy units to Northern Norway as a Psy Op because it fits so
well with Mahan's ideas of a fleet in being.  The Tirpitz et al had a
strategic value in that they were a real threat to the convoy routes.
And N.  Norway was the only place the fleet could operate with out a
real fear of allied tactical airpower.


Steve Alvin
Dickinson State University
STEPHEN_ALVIN@DSU1.DSU.NODAK.EDU
**********************************************************************
*Those who fail to remember history are doomed to repeat it.--Proverb*
*Those who fail to remember history are doomed to repeat my class.-SA*
**********************************************************************

------------------------------

Date:    Mon, 7 Jun 1993 22:49:00 MDT
From:    Steve Alvin <STEPHEN_ALVIN@DSU1.DSU.NODAK.EDU>
Subject: Re: STRAT: Psychology as a weapon?

On Sunday june 6th, Robert Granvin wrote:


> Yet these same folx wreaked psychological terror on the Japanese in a gruesome
> way.  Their skills at stealth were so formidable that they could, in large
> numbers, infiltrate and escape from a Japanese infantry camp without ever
> being detected.
>
> The Japanese would sleep in tents that housed three, side by side.  They would
> each select a tent at random, slip inside and decapitate the soldier in the
> middle, never waking a single person throughout the whole ordeal.
>
> Imagine waking up the next morning to find one of you, always the one in the
> middle, quite obviously dead and having never heard a sound or alarm.

I've heard this story about Arabs vs the Crusaders, Mongols vs
Chinese, Turks vs North Koreans and Chinese, South Koreans and U. S.
special forces vs North Vietnamese, and North Vietnamese vs American
and French.  I wonder if there is any primary evidence for this, or
is this a real effective psy op myth?

Sorry for the double post, I should have combined these two.

Steve Alvin
Dickinson State University
STEPHEN_ALVIN@DSU1.DSU.NODAK.EDU
**********************************************************************
*Those who fail to remember history are doomed to repeat it.--Proverb*
*Those who fail to remember history are doomed to repeat my class.-SA*
**********************************************************************

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 8 Jun 1993 04:01:18 -0700
From:    Thomas Cardoza <cardoza%humanitas@HUB.UCSB.EDU>
Subject: Re: Addr: V-1

It interests me, especially as I used to go to Purdue, and I never heard of
Greencastle's V-1.  DOes anybody know of equipment like thiws littering
California?
TC

On Mon, 7 Jun 1993, RICHARD KING wrote:

> I have been told there is a V-1 rocket on display on the
> court house lawn at Greencastle, Indiana. I will find out and
> view it, if possible, since I go there occasionally. This seems
> astounding to me, but I've been told there are several hundred
> throughout England on display as well. Still, on a court house lawn
> in Darkest Indiana...
>      Does this interest anyone? Several months ago there was
> spirited discussion of strange WWII hardware (German submarine
> in the midwest, etc). parked in out-of-the way places, so I
> thought I'd pass this along.
> ************************************************************
> Richard King, Reference Librarian, Vincennes (IN) Univ.
> RKING@VUNET.VINU.EDU

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 8 Jun 1993 07:17:14 -0400
From:    jem3@CC.BELLCORE.COM
Subject: USAAF 8 JUN 43

COMBAT CHRONOLOGY OF THE US ARMY AIR FORCES
TUESDAY, 8 JUNE 1943
FTP SITES
  1. ftp.rutgers.edu in directory pub/wwii/usaf
  2. byrd.mu.wvnet.edu (129.71.32.152) in pub/history/military/airforce/
     wwii_chronology

AIRCRAFT MENTIONED IN THIS REPORT:
  A-36, North American Apache
  B-24, Consolidated Liberator
  B-25, North American Mitchell
  C-47, Douglas Skytrain
  F-5, Lockheed Lightning
  P-38, Lockheed Lightning
  P-40, Curtiss
  P-47, Republic Thunderbolt
  Wellington, Vickers (RAF)

AMERICAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  ALASKA (Eleventh Air Force)
    In the Aleutian Islands, a C-47 is the first USAAF airplane to land
on Attu Island, landing fighters crews at Alexai Point. All other flying
is cancelled due to weather.

  ARMY AIR FORCES ANTISUBMARINE COMMAND
    The 4th Antisubmarine Squadron (Heavy), AAF Antisubmarine Command
arrives at Gander Lake, Newfoundland from the US with B-24's.

CHINA-BURMA-INDIA THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  CHINA (Fourteenth Air Force)
    In French Indochina, 7 B-24's and 6 B-25's, with P-40 escorts, are
dispatched to bomb shipping and dock installations at Haiphong. Bad
weather prevents striking the primary targets; alternates, including
Hongay shipping, rail yard, and power facilities, Gia Lam Airfield, and
warehouses E of Hanoi are bombed.
    P-40's bomb and strafe Japanese HQ at Tatung, China barracks E of
Lamaing, Burma on the Salween River, and a camp N of Lungling, China.

EUROPEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Eighth Air Force)
  The 22d Photographic Squadron (Light), 5th Photographic Reconnaissance
and Mapping Group, attached to the Eighth Air Force, arrives at Mount
Farm, England from the US with F-5's. The squadron will fly it's first
mission in Jul 43.
  The 350th, 351st and 352d Fighter Squadrons, 353d Fighter Group
arrives at Goxhill, England from the US with P-47D's.  The group will
fly it's first mission in Aug 43.

MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Ninth Air Force)
    Royal Air Force (RAF) heavy bombers bomb the Messina, Italy ferry
terminal. B-25's of 2 groups hit Pantelleria Island in the Mediterranean,
directing their major effort at gun emplacements.

  WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Northwest African Air Force)
    Northwest African Strategic Air Force (NASAF) Wellingtons pound the
town and docks on Pantelleria Island in the Mediterranean during the
night of 7/8 Jun. The air offensive against the island increases during
the following day as fighters, light, medium and heavy bombers of the NASAF
and Northwest Tactical Air Force (NATAF) continue to bomb throughout the
day. Naval forces bombard the harbor and shore batteries. Surrender
requests, dropped by airplane, bring no response.
    In Sardinia, P-38's attack barracks N of Segariu and the airfield at
Villacidro.
    HQ 47th Bombardment Wing (Medium) transfers from El Guerrah, Algeria
to Souk-el-Arba, Tunisia.
    The 16th Bombardment Squadron (Light), 27th Bombardment Group
(Light) transfers with A-36's from Ras el Ma, French Morocco to Korba,
Tunisia.

SOUTH PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Thirteenth Air Force)
  In the Solomon Islands, B-24'a on armed reconnaissance bomb Kahili
Airfield and Ballale Island.

SOUTHWEST PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Fifth Air Force)
  In Timor, B-25's bomb Koepang and hit the area SE of Dili. B-24's
unsuccessfully attack shipping at Waingapoe, in the Sunda Islands and
off Wewak, New Guinea.

SOURCES:
AIR FORCE COMBAT UNITS OF WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force History,
  Headquarters USAF, 1961, ISBN 0-912799-02-1
COMBAT SQUADRONS OF THE AIR FORCE, WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force
  History, Headquarters USAF 1982
THE ARMY AIR FORCES IN WORLD WAR II: COMBAT CHRONOLOGY, 1941-1945 by the
 Office of Air Force History, Headquarters USAF, 1973
THE MIGHTY EIGHTH WAR DIARY by Roger A. Freeman, ISBN 1-85409-071-2

Jack McKillop
USAF (Airways and Air Communications Service)
1955-59


----------------------------------------------------------------------
|  Jack McKillop      |  Those who have long enjoyed such privileges |
|  Bellcore           |  as we enjoy forget in time that men have    |
|  Piscataway, NJ     |  died to win them.     FDR                   |
|  USA                |  jem3@cc.bellcore.com                        |
----------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 8 Jun 1993 07:29:22 +0100
From:    Bob Smart <bsmart@VERDIX.COM>
Subject: Re: Addr: V-1

> I have been told there is a V-1 rocket on display on the
> court house lawn at Greencastle, Indiana. I will find out and
> view it, if possible, since I go there occasionally. This seems
> astounding to me, but I've been told there are several hundred
> throughout England on display as well. Still, on a court house lawn
> in Darkest Indiana...

If you can check and see if it is a genuine V-1 or the V-1 clone built for the
US Navy. I can't remember the designation but the US cloned the V-1 as an early
cruise missle. I beleive the standard launch method was from an underwing mount
on a PB4Y-2 ( very late B-24 derivative)

Bob Smart (bsmart@verdix.com)

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 8 Jun 1993 06:59:42 CDT
From:    "David L. Neff" <NEFF@UAFSYSB.UARK.EDU>
Subject: Re: NOST

Unfortunately, I have to go to Las Vegas next week for a conference.  If
there are museums and/or other sites in that area which any of you feel
are interesting, could you let me know via the list or directly?  Thanks
in advance.

+-------------------------+
|  David L. Neff          |
|  Univ. of Arkansas      |
|  Dept. of Agr. Econ.    |
|  neff@uafsysb.uark.edu  |
+-------------------------+

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 8 Jun 1993 08:25:57 EDT
From:    Raymond Villalobos <F030@FERRIS.BITNET>
Subject: <No subject given>

ok 082c45

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 8 Jun 1993 07:52:53 EDT
From:    "AD16000@NEMOMUS.BITNET. --Scherrer,
         Tim A." <AD16%NEMOMUS.BITNET@MIZZOU1.MISSOURI.EDU>
Subject: Re: NOST

Isn't there a Tailhook Museum in Las Vegas dedicated to all those who
lost their careers in 1991?

Feeling spunky this morning.

One item that is necessary for a successful PSYWAR campaign is that the
information has to be credible to the receiver.  For instance--Hitler
had the predisposition that Pasde Calais was going to be the location
for the invasion.  The deception plan was based upon this disposition.
To continue the campaign, very specific intelligence information has to
be fed into the PSYOP campaign to continually improve it, and adapt it
to the changing environment.

I worked with a lot of USAR PSYOP types--the best info for campaign
comes from prisoner of war interrogations.  The goal is to find a theme
that they can exploit.

Tim

************************************************************************
*  Tim A. Scherrer          "You'll be fighting WWII for the rest of   *
*  Facilities Supervisor     your life", Ron Scherrer, 1971            *
*  WP:816-785-5253                                                     *
*  HP:816-665-6704                                                     *
*  ID# AD16%NEMOMUS@ACADEMIC.NEMOSTATE.EDU                             *
************************************************************************

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 8 Jun 1993 09:28:00 EST
From:    "W.C. \"Rusty\" DIVENS" <ERCOUPE@VMS.CIS.PITT.EDU>
Subject: Re: Addr: V-1

There is a publication called VETERAN AND VINTAGE AIRCRAFT which listed
just about every warbird on display anywhere.  It even listed the T-33 at
our local VFW!  Sadly, it seems that the publication is out of print, and
therefore probably has outdated information.  You can still find copies
occasionally on the bargain tables at bookstores.

Hunt, Leslie _Veteran and Vintage Aircraft_, Scribner, New York, 1978.

N93774

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 8 Jun 1993 09:42:40 -0400
From:    Christopher Morton <cmort@NCOAST.ORG>
Subject: Re: Addr: V-1

>
> > I have been told there is a V-1 rocket on display on the
> > court house lawn at Greencastle, Indiana. I will find out and
> > view it, if possible, since I go there occasionally. This seems
> > astounding to me, but I've been told there are several hundred
> > throughout England on display as well. Still, on a court house lawn
> > in Darkest Indiana...
>
> If you can check and see if it is a genuine V-1 or the V-1 clone built for the
> US Navy. I can't remember the designation but the US cloned the V-1 as an early
> cruise missle. I beleive the standard launch method was from an underwing mount
> on a PB4Y-2 ( very late B-24 derivative)

I believe they were also launched from subs, at least as an experiment.

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 8 Jun 1993 15:37:23 +0200
From:    Chris Scheurweghs <scheurwe@STC.NATO.INT>
Subject: INFO ON NATO DATA LIST

For your information :

In January 1993 NATO HQ started a List called "NATODATA".
This list will distribute public data from NATO such as
press releases, speeches, NATO articles, communiques,
NATO REVIEW, fellowship Programmes, NATO Fact Sheets,...

To subscribe send a mail to LISTSERV@CC1.KULEUVEN.AC.BE
or LISTSERV@BLEKUL11.BITNET (for Bitnet Users)
with as only text 'subscribe NATODATA Firstname Lastname'

Feel free to announce this information within your
community.

Greetings

*** The North Atlantic Treaty Organization ***

--
NATO - OTAN
INFORMATION / PRESS
Chris SCHEURWEGHS
Leopold III laan
1110 BRUSSEL
Belgium

Telf. : 00-(32)-2-728.4692
FAX   : 00-(32)-2-729.4103

Internet : scheurwe@stc.nato.int

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 8 Jun 1993 08:12:03 CDT
From:    "Robert J. Granvin" <rjg@UMNSTAT.STAT.UMN.EDU>
Subject: Re: STRAT: Psychology as a weapon?

> On Sunday june 6th, Robert Granvin wrote:
>
>
> > Yet these same folx wreaked psychological terror on the Japanese in a gruesome
> > way.  Their skills at stealth were so formidable that they could, in large
> > numbers, infiltrate and escape from a Japanese infantry camp without ever
> > being detected.
> >
> > The Japanese would sleep in tents that housed three, side by side.  They would
> > each select a tent at random, slip inside and decapitate the soldier in the
> > middle, never waking a single person throughout the whole ordeal.
> >
> > Imagine waking up the next morning to find one of you, always the one in the
> > middle, quite obviously dead and having never heard a sound or alarm.
>
> I've heard this story about Arabs vs the Crusaders, Mongols vs
> Chinese, Turks vs North Koreans and Chinese, South Koreans and U. S.
> special forces vs North Vietnamese, and North Vietnamese vs American
> and French.  I wonder if there is any primary evidence for this, or
> is this a real effective psy op myth?
>
> Sorry for the double post, I should have combined these two.

The Gurkas.  (I remembered :-).

The reason I believe this story is because of the integrity of the source
I received it from.  These were not rumors or fables being passed along
person to person in the CBI theater, but neither was this specifically
witnessed, either.  However, when you live and work side by side with
them, you probably start to recognize what is or is not accurate.

While Harold served in the CBI theater, he witnessed enough to believe
these stories (and told by some who claimed to have taken part... What
he does know for certain is that they corresponded with Gurka raids on
Japanese camps which were immediately followed by rather disturbed
Japanese soldiers...)

As far as technique, it is definitely not new nor original, though the
implementation or situation may be.  This is a very effective tactic.

--
Robert J. Granvin                                    Southern Minnesota Wing
rjg@stat.umn.edu                                       Confederate Air Force
  You know you've made a gear-up landing when it takes full power to taxi.

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 8 Jun 1993 11:23:57 -0400
From:    "Dennis E. Sparks" <SPARKS@CAER.UKY.EDU>
Subject: Greencastle, IN  V-1

Regarding the V-1 in Indiana....

I just checked with my friend Steve in Indianapolis.  He had told
me of the V-1 earlier, and I made a quick call to confirm these
details.

The V-1 is indeed there, perched atop a pylon ten feet or so off
the ground.  Greencastle is an hour or so west of Indianapolis
by car.  Steve couldn't recall if it is a V-1 or a US Navy-built
copy.  My recollection is the Navy called it the Loon.  I'm going
strictly on memory here, but I believe the Navy launched several
captured V-1s post-war, and also built copies.

Steve also remarked that many of the courthouses/parks/etc. in
what he called "Imperial Indiana" have things that once made loud
noises on display.

Dennis E. Sparks
SPARKS@CAER.UKY.EDU
Lexington, Kentucky

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 8 Jun 1993 12:54:00 EST
From:    "W.C. \"Rusty\" DIVENS" <ERCOUPE@VMS.CIS.PITT.EDU>
Subject: Re: Greencastle, IN  V-1

The American copy of the V-1 was indeed tested as one of the first
submarine-launched cruise missiles.  The Nautilus (SSN571) early
in its career sported a round 'hangar' assembly and a ramp pointing
aft, used for the launch of the missile.

Keep in mind that 'submarine-launched' meant 'launched from
submarine' not 'launched from beneath the sea'.  The V-1 didn't run
too well underwater.

There is a V-1 and V-2 at the Kennedy Space Center.  The old pads at
Cape Canaveral (now the AF station) have been preserved as a historic site,
with static displays of early hardware (including the original launch
bunker for the Explorer 1).

If you go to the Space Center, skip the 'Red Tour' and take the Blue Tour
to all the old launch sites.  You will get to tour the Air Force Space
Museum at the old launch complex.

N93774

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 8 Jun 1993 13:47:31 +0100
From:    Bob Smart <bsmart@VERDIX.COM>
Subject: Re: Greencastle, IN V-1

>
> The V-1 is indeed there, perched atop a pylon ten feet or so off
> the ground.  Greencastle is an hour or so west of Indianapolis
> by car.  Steve couldn't recall if it is a V-1 or a US Navy-built
> copy.  My recollection is the Navy called it the Loon.  I'm going

That matches with my recollection, but I am also relying on memory.

Bob Smart (bsmart@verdix.com)

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 8 Jun 1993 16:17:57 EDT
From:    Charles <mcgrew@CS.RUTGERS.EDU>
Subject: Re: ARC: FAQ Structure

        Larry Jewell <jewell@mace.cc.purdue.edu> writes:
           If we do an FAQ, shall we have multiple "answers" if there
        are differences of opinion on a topic?

... but of course!  The FAQ would abstract several answers, as
necessary (the old "did FDR know about PH" question comes to mind).

Charles

PS - instead of OLA, how about FQA?  (Frequently Questioned Answers :-)

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 8 Jun 1993 18:34:09 EST
From:    Larry Jewell <jewell@MACE.CC.PURDUE.EDU>
Subject: INF: Time line generator

I seldom do this, but I've just be looking over a piece of software (MSDOS,
sorry MAC- and UNIX-folks) that seemed so very handy that I thought I'd pass it
along to the list.

I plan to do several time-line with this and I think I'll be seeing some
interesting ones developed as time goes by.  Wanna swap :-)?

BTW, this is the first shareware package of this kind I've seen except for
some rather kludgy "project manager" programs.  If anyone knows anything
better, let me know?

BTW(2), this program is currently in the submissions directory at
byrd.mu.wvnet.edu

Larry J

                                            _______
                                       ____|__     |                (R)
          CASCOLY SOFTWARE          --|       |    |-------------------
          4528 36th NE                |   ____|__  |  Association of
          Seattle WA 98105            |  |       |_|  Shareware
                                      |__|   o   |    Professionals
                                    -----|   |   |---------------------
                                         |___|___|    MEMBER

All Cascoly Shareware programs run on the IBM PC family of machines.


CHRONOS
How old was Paul Revere when he rode into history?  How many years separated
Michelangelo and Cortez?  With CHRONOS, you can sort and select by
individual people and events, or groups and factions, to develop new
insights and trace patterns across different eras and cultures.  CHRONOS is
used by history and art students, genealogists, teachers, writers and others
interested in exploring historical relations or cultural events.

CHRONOS comes with several datasets, which you can modify or add to.  Or you
can design your own.  Registered users will receive the current program
along with several additional datasets, such as CINEMA and 20th century.
   (mono or graphics)  V 2.02       $30

In additional you might be interested in the following games I've designed
for interactive, multiplayer use on CompuServe:

Shareware is a means of distributing software.  Under the shareware concept,
software may be freely copied and passed along to others, or distributed
through bulletin board systems or national networks.

As a recipient of a shareware program, you may use the software for a short
trial period to determine if it meets your needs.  If the software is not
suitable, then you can discard it. If you decide to use it, you should
register it. When you register you will receive the latest copy of the
program, plus one or more bonus programs. Registration also entitles you to
online support via CompuServe.  Send email to Cascoly Software, CompuServe
number 76703,3046.  (We will also answer mail from registered users.)

As an additional benefit, registration entitles you to a free introductory
account on CompuServe.  (Details of this offer, which includes free connect
time, will be sent when you register.)

Cascoly Software is a member of the Association of Shareware Professionals
(ASP).  ASP wants to make sure that the shareware principle works for you.
If you are unable to resolve a shareware-related problem with an ASP member
by contacting the member directly, ASP may be able to help. The ASP
Ombudsman can help you resolve a dispute or problem with an ASP member, but
does not provide technical support for members' products. Please write to
the ASP Ombudsman at P.O. Box 5786, Bellevue, WA 98006 or send a Compuserve
message via easyplex to ASP Ombudsman 70007,3536 .

------------------------------

End of WWII-L Digest - 7 Jun 1993 to 8 Jun 1993
***********************************************

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Subject:  WWII-L Digest - 8 Jun 1993 to 9 Jun 1993
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Status: O

There are 8 messages totalling 251 lines in this issue.

Topics of the day:

  1. USAAF 9 JUN 43
  2. Addr:V-1 (2)
  3. INF:Time Line Generator
  4. Things to do in London
  5. GEN: Visit to London
  6. NOST:  Re:  British Museums
  7. London Sights

----------------------------------------------------------------------

Date:    Wed, 9 Jun 1993 07:13:30 -0400
From:    jem3@CC.BELLCORE.COM
Subject: USAAF 9 JUN 43

COMBAT CHRONOLOGY OF THE US ARMY AIR FORCES
WEDNESDAY, 9 JUNE 1943
FTP SITES
  1. ftp.rutgers.edu in directory pub/wwii/usaf
  2. byrd.mu.wvnet.edu (129.71.32.152) in pub/history/military/airforce/
     wwii_chronology

AIRCRAFT MENTIONED IN THIS REPORT:
  B-17, Boeing Flying Fortress
  B-24, Consolidated Liberator
  B-25, North American Mitchell
  P-38, Lockheed Lightning
  P-40, Curtiss

CHINA-BURMA-INDIA THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  CHINA (Fourteenth Air Force)
    6 P-4O's damage a railroad bridge at Puchi, China and strafe nearby
railroad yards.

MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Ninth Air Force)
    In Sicily, B-24's bomb the landing ground at Gerbini and the airfield
at Catania. B-25's hit Pantelleria Island in the Mediterranean. Fighters
escort bombers and fly patrols and fighter sweeps.

  WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Northwest African Air Force)
    Fighters, and medium and heavy bombers of the Northwest African
Strategic Air Force (NASAF) continue pounding Pantelleria Island in the
Mediterranean in predawn hours and during the afternoon.

SOUTH PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Thirteenth Air Force)
  In the Solomon Islands, B-24's on reconnaissance attack a small vessel
WNW of Cape Henpan. B-17's, P-40's, and P-38's' pound the airfields at
Munda and Vila.

SOUTHWEST PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Fifth Air Force)
  In New Guinea, 2 B-24's bomb the town area of Manokwari and the airfield
at Nabire. A lone B-17 bombs Unea Island in the Bismarck Archipelago.

SOURCES:
AIR FORCE COMBAT UNITS OF WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force History,
  Headquarters USAF, 1961, ISBN 0-912799-02-1
COMBAT SQUADRONS OF THE AIR FORCE, WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force
  History, Headquarters USAF 1982
THE ARMY AIR FORCES IN WORLD WAR II: COMBAT CHRONOLOGY, 1941-1945 by the
 Office of Air Force History, Headquarters USAF, 1973
THE MIGHTY EIGHTH WAR DIARY by Roger A. Freeman, ISBN 1-85409-071-2

Jack McKillop
USAF (Airways and Air Communications Service)
1955-59


----------------------------------------------------------------------
|  Jack McKillop      |  Those who have long enjoyed such privileges |
|  Bellcore           |  as we enjoy forget in time that men have    |
|  Piscataway, NJ     |  died to win them.     FDR                   |
|  USA                |  jem3@cc.bellcore.com                        |
----------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

Date:    Wed, 9 Jun 1993 09:55:29 -0400
From:    "Steven C. Salina" <SSALINA@BENTLEY.BITNET>
Subject: Re: Addr:V-1

>I have been told there is a V-1 rocket on display on the
>court house lawn at Greencastle, Indiana. I will find out and
>view it, if possible, since I go there occasionally. This seems
>astounding to me, but I've been told there are several hundred
>throughout England on display as well. Still, on a court house lawn
>in Darkest Indiana...
>     Does this interest anyone? Several months ago there was
>spirited discussion of strange WWII hardware (German submarine
>in the midwest, etc). parked in out-of-the way places, so I
>thought I'd pass this along.
>************************************************************
>Richard King, Reference Librarian, Vincennes (IN) Univ.
>RKING@VUNET.VINU.EDU


I am going to be going to England at the end of this month and would like to
know if any of these rockets are on display in the London area.  I will mainly
be in the London/Coventry area and would like to know places that I can visit
(besides the Coventry Cathedral) that are of WWII signifigance.  I'll have
about 10 free days on my hands, and this would be a great opportunity for me
to see some things that I may not be able to see for a number of years to come.
Any advice would be most welcomed!!

Steven C. Salina
Bentley College
Waltham, MA
SSALINA@BENTLEY.BITNET

------------------------------

Date:    Wed, 9 Jun 1993 09:45:06 EST
From:    Larry Jewell <jewell@MACE.CC.PURDUE.EDU>
Subject: Re: INF:Time Line Generator

Chrnos.zip is now in

/pub/history/utilities

at

byrd.mu.wvnet.edu

I'll be putting all the US BB's and other major combatants through 1945
in a file and upload it to byrd.  I've seen enough of this program to
register it ($30US).

Enjoy,
Larry J

------------------------------

Date:    Wed, 9 Jun 1993 12:24:38 -0400
From:    KAPLAN@DUQ3.DUQ.EDU
Subject: Re: Addr:V-1

Stanley Salina: If you're going to be in London, visit the Imperial War
Museum, St. Pauls Cathedral, and the cruiser Belfast moored in the Thames.
If you have the time, you can take a train to Duxford, where the Imperial War
Museum maintains a collection of aircraft, restoration projects, and a
history of operations.

                                        Richard Kaplan
                                        Kaplan@duq3.duq.edu

------------------------------

Date:    Wed, 9 Jun 1993 13:09:37 EDT
From:    Peter Smith <psmith@DG-WEBO.WEBO.DG.COM>
Subject: Things to do in London

> ...
> I am going to be going to England at the end of this month and would like to
> know if any of these rockets are on display in the London area.  I will mainly
> be in the London/Coventry area and would like to know places that I can visit
> (besides the Coventry Cathedral) that are of WWII signifigance.  I'll have
> about 10 free days on my hands, and this would be a great opportunity for me
> to see some things that I may not be able to see for a number of years to come.

In London itself there's HMS Belfast, a WWII light cruiser moored in the
Thames and open for tours.  If your interest in naval affairs extends
beyond WWII, the museum at Greenwich is worth at least a full day, and
the boat trip down the Thames is quite pleasant, too.

The Military and RAF museums are outside central London but are easy day
trips by rail.  By the way, a BritRail Pass is a great deal if you plan
to get out and do day trips from London.  Places like Portsmouth, Bath,
Cambridge, and York are all within a couple of hours of London and have
frequent service.

Jokes about English food aside, London offers lots of good eating and
drinking.  Let me know where you're staying and we'll find you a good
"local" in the neighborhood.
---
Peter Smith -- Data General Corp., Westboro, MA
Peter_Smith@dgc.ceo.dg.com or psmith@dg-webo.webo.dg.com
#include <std_disclaimer.h>

------------------------------

Date:    Wed, 9 Jun 1993 16:12:50 -0500
From:    Glenn Millard <A_MILLARDGD@CCSVAX.SFASU.EDU>
Subject: GEN: Visit to London

Steven Salina,
 In your visit to London I saw the suggestions that you visit the
 Imperial War Museum and the HMS Belfast. There is another part of
 the Imperial War Museum that is a must, please take time to visit
 it. This is the Cabinet War Rooms.
 These are the underground rooms that Churchill and the War Cabinet
 used during the war that was secure from the Blitz. They only opened
 them up back in 1985 and I was lucky enough to tour them that year.
 I was on a quick tour of Europe and only had half a day on my own in
 London, this is what I chose to see, the line at the Tower of London
 was way too long.
  The Cabinet War Rooms are located at Clive Steps, King Charles St.,
  London SW1A2AQ. They are open, or were at that time, Tuesday through
  Sunday from 10am to 5:30pm. The nearest underground station is
  Westminster. In fact if you are looking at Big Ben from the Thames
  the War Rooms are ahead and to the right. They have been excellently
  restored to WWII condition. In fact it was from Room 65A that
  Churchill made a number of his famous radio broadcasts. Be sure to
  spend a little extra money for the tape recorder, the text is the
  same as the handout but much more interesting.

 Glenn Millard
 Academic Support
 Stephen F. Austin State University
 Internet: a_millardgd@ccsvax.sfasu.edu

------------------------------

Date:    Wed, 9 Jun 1993 16:34:11 MDT
From:    Steve Alvin <STEPHEN_ALVIN@DSU1.DSU.NODAK.EDU>
Subject: NOST:  Re:  British Museums

I second the earlier museums, like the IWM and the Belfast,
mentioned on earlier posts.  I also want ot strongly recommend that
you plan visit to Portsmouth.  Besides being a major R. N. fleet
anchorage, home of the Victory and the Mary Rose, and "defended" by a
castle that dates back to the reign of Henry VIII, the R. 's
submarine museum and the Overlord museum are located nearby.  The
Overlord museum hadn't opened the last time I was in the UK, but a
friend who visited it said it is first rate.  There are also a couple
of good pubs in town!

Also, if you have ten days and you are primarily interested in WWII
why not visit the continent?  You could take a train/ferry to France
and visit Normandy or the Netherlands to visit the bridge too far, or
to many other sites relating to WWII.  What ever you plan to do, have
fun!


Steve Alvin
Dickinson State University
STEPHEN_ALVIN@DSU1.DSU.NODAK.EDU
**********************************************************************
*Those who fail to remember history are doomed to repeat it.--Proverb*
*Those who fail to remember history are doomed to repeat my class.-SA*
**********************************************************************

------------------------------

Date:    Wed, 9 Jun 1993 16:12:41 -0700
From:    Thomas Cardoza <cardoza%humanitas@HUB.UCSB.EDU>
Subject: Re: London Sights

People have mentioned the Imperial War Museum.  IWM Duxford is also very
worthwhile if you're interested in aircraft.  There is an excellent
display of military aircraft in covered areas.  It's a short train ride
from London, but well worth it.

If in Paris, the Musee de l'air et de l'espace is excellent as well.
There IS a V-1 on display there, as well as superb examples of many WWII
aircraft.

TC

------------------------------

End of WWII-L Digest - 8 Jun 1993 to 9 Jun 1993
***********************************************

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Subject:  WWII-L Digest - 9 Jun 1993 to 10 Jun 1993
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Status: O

There are 9 messages totalling 447 lines in this issue.

Topics of the day:

  1. NOST: Re: British Museums
  2. USAAF 10 JUN 43
  3. GPO ACCESS LAW signed
  4. Worth Seeing
  5. GEN: LETTERS HOME AVAILABLE AT US BOOKSTORE
  6. Pilot picture
  7. subscribe
  8. ARC: FTP help file.
  9. WANT: Paris summer apartment sublet (fwd)

----------------------------------------------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 10 Jun 1993 11:44:36 EET
From:    "F.Baube[tm]" <flb@FLB.OPTIPLAN.FI>
Subject: NOST: Re: British Museums

I too can recommend the Cabinet War Rooms.
Quite interesting.  They have tried to arrange
them as they were; you will find many interesting
items on the walls and laying about.

There is a cassette-and-player to rent to accompany
the tour but I found it too slow and melodramatic.

Fred

--
* Fred Baube (tm)   * "One fashions several vocabularies for oneself,
* GU/MSFS/88        *  several syntaxes, several clearly distinct
* baube@optiplan.fi *  ways of being, thinking and even feeling,
* #include          *  from which one will choose an appropriate
*    <disclaimer.h> *  skin." -- Lucy Schwob aka Claude Cahun

------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 10 Jun 1993 07:29:16 -0400
From:    jem3@CC.BELLCORE.COM
Subject: USAAF 10 JUN 43

COMBAT CHRONOLOGY OF THE US ARMY AIR FORCES
THURSDAY, 10 JUNE 1943
FTP SITES
  1. ftp.rutgers.edu in directory pub/wwii/usaf
  2. byrd.mu.wvnet.edu (129.71.32.152) in pub/history/military/airforce/
     wwii_chronology

AIRCRAFT MENTIONED IN THIS REPORT:
  B-17, Boeing Flying Fortress
  B-24, Consolidated Liberator
  B-25, North American Mitchell
  B-26, Martin Marauder
  Beaufighters, Bristol (RAF)
  F-5, Lockheed Lightning
  P-38, Lockheed Lightning
  P-40, Curtiss

AMERICAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Eleventh Air Force)
  In the Aleutian Islands, 7 B-24's, 8 B-25's, 12 P-40's, and 2 F-5A's fly
weather reconnaissance, attack, and photo missions to Kiska Island and
Little Kiska Island. Targets include gun batteries, runway, North Head and
Main Camp.

CHINA-BURMA-INDIA THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  CHINA (Fourteenth Air Force)
    In China, 9 P-40's on armed reconnaissance strafe 10 barges and a
gunboat at Chienli; 1 barge is set aflame. 10 P-40's intercept about 25
airplanes over Hengyang; 1 enemy bomber is shot down.

EUROPEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Eighth Air Force)
  The Combined Chiefs of Staff (CCS) issues a directive through the Chief
of Air Staff (C/AS), Royal Air Force (RAF), marking the official beginning
of the Combined Bomber Offensive (CBO) of the USAAF and RAF against
sources of German war power. The RAF is to bomb strategic city areas at
night and the USAAF is to hit precise targets by daylight. The CCS
sanctions the Combined Operational Planning Committee as the agency for
coordinating the efforts of the CBO forces.
  HQ 386th Bombardment Group (Medium) and it's 552d, 553d, 554th and 555th
Bombardment Squadrons (Medium) with B-26's transfer from Snetterton Heath,
England to Boxted, England. The group will fly it's first combat mission on
30 Jul 43.
  The detachments of the 416th Night Fighter Squadron, VIII Fighter Command
at Cranfield, Usworth, and Bath, England return to their base at Honiley,
England. The squadron is attached to the RAF for training on Beaufighters.
  The 417th Night Fighter Squadron, VIII Fighter Command transfers from
Cranfield, England to Scorton, England. The detachments at Ayr, Scotland
and Uxbridge, Coltishall and Bristol, England transfer to Scorton. The
squadron is attached to the RAF for training on Beaufighters.

MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Ninth Air Force)
    B-25's, escorted by fighters, bomb Pantelleria Island in the
Mediterranean. The escorting fighters dive-bomb targets on the island.
Later, Royal Air Force (RAF) heavy bombers attack Reggio di Calabria
Airfield, Italy.

  WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Northwest African Air Force)
    Following attacks during the night of 9/10 Jun by fighter-bombers,
Northwest African Strategic Air Force (NASAF) and Northwest Tactical Air
Force (NATAF) aircraft (fighters, and light, medium and heavy bombers)
maintain all-day attacks on Pantelleria Island; over 1,000 sorties are
flown.
    The 60th Fighter Squadron, 33d Fighter Group transfers with P-40's from
Menzel Temime, Tunisia to Sousse, Tunisia.

SOUTH PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Thirteenth Air Force)
  In the Solomon Islands, P-38's and Navy fighters claim 4 aircraft downed
off the N tip of Malaita Island. B-17's and B-24's pound the airfield at
Kahili twice during the day.

SOUTHWEST PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Fifth Air Force)
  More than 20 B-17's and B-24's pound airfields in the Rabaul, New
Britain Island area. A single B-24 bombs the town of Sorong, New Guinea
and shipping at Kokas, New Guinea .

SOURCES:
AIR FORCE COMBAT UNITS OF WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force History,
  Headquarters USAF, 1961, ISBN 0-912799-02-1
COMBAT SQUADRONS OF THE AIR FORCE, WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force
  History, Headquarters USAF 1982
THE ARMY AIR FORCES IN WORLD WAR II: COMBAT CHRONOLOGY, 1941-1945 by the
 Office of Air Force History, Headquarters USAF, 1973
THE MIGHTY EIGHTH WAR DIARY by Roger A. Freeman, ISBN 1-85409-071-2

Jack McKillop
USAF (Airways and Air Communications Service)
1955-59


----------------------------------------------------------------------
|  Jack McKillop      |  Those who have long enjoyed such privileges |
|  Bellcore           |  as we enjoy forget in time that men have    |
|  Piscataway, NJ     |  died to win them.     FDR                   |
|  USA                |  jem3@cc.bellcore.com                        |
----------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

Date:    Wed, 9 Jun 1993 21:33:33 -0700
From:    bob pasker <bob@HALFDOME.SF.CA.US>
Subject: GPO ACCESS LAW signed

>==================================================================
>FINS - NEWS BREAK                                     9 JUNE 1993
>==================================================================
>
>Ten-Year Struggle For Electronic Public Information
>PRESIDENT SIGNS GPO ACCESS BILL
>
>    President Clinton approved and signed into law Tuesday, June 8, 1993,
>the GPO Access bill (known as the "Government Printing Office Electronic
>Information Access Enhancement Act of 1993"), Pub. L. No. 103-40, 107
>State. 112 (1993) [codified at 44 U.S.C. 4101-4104 (1993)].  The Act is to
>establish in the Government Printing Office (GPO) a means of enhancing
>electronic public access to a wide range of Federal electronic
>information. When approved and signed by the President, the bill would
>require the GPO to:  (1) Create and maintain a directory of federal
>publications in electronic format; (2) Provide on-line computer access to
>the directory as well as the Congressional Record, the Federal Register,
>and possibly other documents; and (3) Operate an electronic storage
>facility for the information provided through the on-line system.  The GPO
>is authorized to charge reasonable fees for use of the directory and the
>system of on-line computer access (not exceeding the incremental cost of
>dissemination of the information involved), but the use of the directory
>and the system "shall be made available to depository libraries without
>charge."
>
>   The President's signing marks the end of a long struggle by
>members of the Joint Committee on Printing, library groups, and
>public interest groups to secure access to electronic public
>information for citizens.  Almost ten years have passed since the
>Ad Hoc Committee on Depository Library Access to Federal Automated
>Data Bases (which broadly represented the producers, disseminators,
>and users of Government information), issued their 1984 report.
>The Committee "unanimously support[ed] the principle that the
>Federal Government should provide access to Federal information .
>. . in electronic form through the depository library system." [S.
>Prt. 98-260].  The Chairman of the JCP, which initiated that report
>was Frank Annunzio, Vice Chairman was Charles McC. Mathias, Jr.,
>and Chair of the Ad Hoc Committee was Bernadine Abbott Hoduski, who
>has continued to serve as a professional staff person on the JCP
>and will presumably carry forward the implementation of the GPO
>Access Act.
>
>    Congress did not approve or appropriated any funds to carry out the
>provisions of the GPO Access bill,reportedly because opponents threatened
>to block passage if funds were approved for FY94.  However, Capital Hill
>sources told FINS that this "foot in the door" for public access to
>electronic public information, is "just te start of the fight for citizen
>access to this important source of information about the Government of the
>United States."
>
>****************************************************************
>*                                                              *
>*             Vigdor Schreibman, Editor & Publisher            *
>*           Federal Information News Syndicate (FINS)          *
>*                   18 - 9th Street, NE #206                   *
>*                   Washington, DC 20002-6042                  *
>*                      Voice: 202-547-6106                     *
>*                Internet: fins@access.digex.net               *
>*                                                              *
>****************************************************************

------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 10 Jun 1993 09:52:23 -0400
From:    "Michael J. McCarthy" <MMCCARTH@MUVMS6.BITNET>
Subject: Worth Seeing

        Larry Jewell suggested that I post this information, since it may be of
interest to many on the list.

        If you get the opportunity, I would recommend that you make a trip to
see the First Division Museum in Wheaton, IL, just west of Chicago.  On the
estate of Robert R. McCormick, the late publisher and editor of the Chicago
_Tribune_ and a WWI veteran of the Big Red One, the museum is dedicated to
those who have served as members of the First Division.  The several galleries
include a recreation of a WWI trench on 28 May 1917 at the Battle of
Cantigny (complete with soundtrack of artillery fire), an amphibious landing
vehicle on D-Day whose door opens onto a mock-up of Normandy Beach in the
middle of June 1944, and a "jungle" from the Vietnam War.  Finally, the museum
contains a research library as well.

        Dr. John Votaw, the director of the museum, has done a tremendous job
with its administration.  It succeeds in paying tribute to the soldiers of the
wars without making any political statements.  I highly recommend it.  For more
information, call 708/668-5161.

-------------
Mike McCarthy                   "It is a principle that shines impartially on
Marshall Univ. History Dept.    the just and on the unjust that once you have
Huntington, WV 25755, USA       a point of view all history will back you up."
MMcCarth@MUVMS6.WVNET.EDU               -Van Wyck Brooks
MMcCarth@MUVMS6                          AMERICA'S COMING OF AGE (1915)

------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 10 Jun 1993 17:05:48 +0200
From:    John Ausland <d_ausland_j@KARI.UIO.NO>
Subject: GEN: LETTERS HOME AVAILABLE AT US BOOKSTORE

  Oslo, June 10.  I am happy to say that my book LETTERS HOME: A
WAR MEMOIR is now available at Sidney Kramer Books in Washington, DC.
An EMAIL message to me will get you more information, including an
800 number.
  I might also note the following comment on the book by James
Fallows, Washington Editor, The Atlantic Monthly: "Well written
and engrossing."
  Regards, John Ausland         Internet: d_ausland_j@kari.uio.no

------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 10 Jun 1993 10:30:57 CDT
From:    OC07000 <OC07@SDSUMUS.SDSTATE.EDU>
Subject: Pilot picture

Hi,
Based on some very sketchy details, I'm trying to locate a WW-II era
magazine containing a certain picture.

The magazine may have been LOOK or LIFE (one of that type, anyway).
The picture is of a pilot engaged in ferrying bombers from the US
to England (B-17's?).  The pilot is shown with his pet skunk.
I don't know if the pilot was actually at the controls, or was just
sitting in back during the return trip.

Any help will be appreciated, including other lists and/or resources.

Thanks in advance,
Warren Hovland
South Dakota State University.

------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 10 Jun 1993 11:55:47 CDT
From:    Jonathan Wilson <jon@STIMPY.B11.INGR.COM>
Subject: subscribe

SUBSCRIBE WWII-L Jonathan Wilson


--

Cheers
Jon
 ________________________________
|                                |
| Jonathan Wilson                |
| SSD Information Mgt Tools      |
| Intergraph Corporation         |
|                                |
| email:                         |
|   jlwilson@stimpy.b11.ingr.com |
| phone: (205) 730-6397          |
| SneakerNet: Bldg 11 Rm 41H     |
|________________________________|

------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 10 Jun 1993 16:56:37 EST
From:    Larry Jewell <jewell@MACE.CC.PURDUE.EDU>
Subject: ARC: FTP help file.

I've been doing it again, babbling about some file available via ftp and
assuming that everyone knows how to do it.  Here's the ftp help file that
got me going, I hope everyone gets as much use out of it as I did.  I'll
post this a more frequent intervals in the future.  Just dump it if you've
got a copy.

Larry J

From: cbip@cs.ulowell.edu (CBIP Moderator)
Subject: v19inf05: ftp.man, Beginner's Guide to FTP V1.7 (part 01/01)
Originator: oneill@cs.ulowell.edu
Date: Mon, 17 Aug 1992 14:17:38 GMT

[Date of Last Change: 10-Apr-92 Release 1.7]

                        A BEGINNER'S GUIDE TO FTP

Copyright (c) 1991 by Brian O'Neill. Permission to copy this file freely is
given, so long as the file remains unmodified.

    FTP stands for File Transfer Protocol.  It allows a person to transfer
files between two systems, generally connect over local area networks or
wide area networks, such as the Internet.

    If your hosts system has FTP and is connected to the Internet, you
can access very large amounts of archives available on a number of
systems, such as Simtel20 or ftp.uu.net.  This is a simplified use
manual, and will use two examples, one a TOPS-20 system
(wsmr-simtel20.army.mil, which has a large base if PD/Shareware MSDOS
software), and one Unix system (ftp.uu.net, where archives of the
comp.sources newsgroups are kept).

    The simplest way to initiate FTP would be to give the command 'ftp
<system-name>', where <system-name> is the remote system you are
connecting to, either a name (wsmr-simtel20.army.mil, if you have an
entry in /etc/hosts or are accessing a Domain Name Server, such as bind) or
the InterNet address (192.88.110.20, for Simtel20).  After a short wait, you
will be prompted for your username.  If you do not have an account on the
remote system, some systems allow you to use 'anonymous'.  This gives you a
restricted access path, allowing you to access certain files only.

    You would then be prompted for a password. If you are using your own
account, give your password. If you are using 'anonymous', the system may
ask you to send your real identity as the password.  What you type doesn't
matter, but it is suggested to give your mail address.  Other systems
need a password of 'guest', or something similar.

    After that, you should receive the FTP prompt (usually ftp>), and
now have access.  You can get a directory of files be giving a 'dir'
command, or if the remote system is Unix-based, 'ls -l' will give the
familiar output.  On Simtel20, there is a file available in the
default anonymous ftp directory that explains what Simtel20 is, and
where files are located.  The name is 'SIMTEL-ARCHIVES.INFO.nn, where
".nn" is a file generation number.  You don't need to specify the file
generation number when requesting the file.  In fact, it's better not
to because you will always get the latest generation that way.

    Unix systems will all have the familiar directory structure, and
moving around is done with the familiar 'cd' or 'cwd' command.
TOPS-20 systems have a different structure, but movement is still
accomplished with the 'cd' command.

    I will use Simtel20 as the first example. To start, give the
command 'ftp wsmr-simtel20.army.mil' from your shell prompt, or 'open
wsmr-simtel20.army,mil' from the 'ftp>' prompt.  If this host is not
in your /etc/hosts file or you do not have access to a Domain-name Server,
use '192.88.110.20' in it's place.  After a few seconds, you'll be prompted
for your username.  Type 'anonymous', and when prompted for password,
give your e-mail address (more as a courtesy than anything else), or if
you prefer, 'guest'.  You should then shortly get back the 'ftp>' prompt.
If you receive an error message stating that there are too many anonymous
logins, wait a few minutes and try again. Simtel20 has limited access,
especially during normal business hours.

    Now, say you want to see what is stored for MS-DOS programs.
Simtel20 is a DEC System-20 running the TOPS-20 operating system.  The
directory structure is 'DISK:<DIRECTORY.SUBDIRECTORY>'.  For MS-DOS
programs, the main directory is 'PD1:<MSDOS>'.  In here there is a
file called 'MSDOS.CRCLST', which is updated almost daily.  It
contains a list of all files within the MS-DOS subdirectories, along
with file size and CRC value.

    To get this list, first switch to that directory by saying 'cd
pd1:<msdos>' (TOPS-20 is not case sensitive).  If you are prompted for
another password just ignore the request.  When you get the 'ftp>'
prompt back, you can then say 'get msdos.crclst'.  This will initiate
the transfer, and after a few minutes it will be completed.  The
beauty of Unix is that while you are transfering something big, you
can put it in the background and do something else.

    Say you wanted to get ProComm Plus TD. According to the list, it is
in PD1:<MSDOS.PROCOMM>.  So, you can enter 'cd pd1:<msdos.procomm>'.
A 'dir' will show all the files in that directory.  (You may wish not
to use too many 'dir' commands, as they are sometimes fairly slow).

    Now, you want the file 'pcplustd.arc'.  First, you must tell your
host what kind of file it is.  On most Unix systems, 'binary' or 'set
type binary' or 'set type I' will work.  However, as Simtel20 runs a
different OS that has different word sizes (36 bits) you must specify
'tenex' or 'type L 8' to transfer properly.  You can then issue a 'get
pcplustd.arc' command, and after a short while, you have ProComm Plus TD.
To end your session, enter the 'bye' command.

    Unix is a little more familiar for most people with Internet access.
For example, you might wish to get sources to the ZOO version 2.01
from ftp.uu.net.  First, you give the 'ftp ftp.uu.net' command (or
ftp 137.39.1.9), giving 'anonymous' for the username, and your address
as the password.  You can then use the 'dir' or 'ls -l' commands to scan
the directories.  After some directory searching, you find it is located in
usenet/comp.sources.unix/volume17/zoo2, showing that it was posted in
comp.sources.unix, volume 17. Inside that directory, you find 10 parts,
labelled part01.Z to part10.Z. As told by the .Z suffix, these files are
compressed binary files. You must tell FTP to operate in binary mode, so
type 'binary' or 'type I' to set it. You can then do a 'get' for each file.
Now you have the original sources to ZOO 2.01.

    Different systems have different organizations for their files, and the
above example is just the way I have it set up.  By 'poking' around other
systems, you can learn how their files are set up, and zip around much
faster.  Note, however, that FTP will not allow you outside the FTP 'root'
directory, usually ~ftp on most systems.  So, poking about the entire system
is not permitted.

    You now have a basic understanding of how to use FTP to get the things
you want. I hope this has been of use. Questions and comments welcome.
Other features of FTP can be found in the manual - please check there. My
E-mail address is oneill@cs.ulowell.edu.

    Messages regarding problems, complaints or suggestions for
Simtel20 should be addressed to 'action@wsmr-simtel20.army.mil'.

------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 10 Jun 1993 19:08:30 -0700
From:    Thomas Cardoza <cardoza%humanitas@HUB.UCSB.EDU>
Subject: WANT: Paris summer apartment sublet (fwd)

I will be doing research at the Chateau de Vincennes from August 15 to
September 20.  I am looking for a small apartment in or near Paris to rent
from approximately August 10 to Sept. 20.  I am flexible on these dates.

Specifically, I would like a 1 bedroom or studio apartment, preferably
not carpeted.  Anywhere in Paris with RER or Metro connections to
Vincennes would be fine.  I am a clean, non-smoking profesional military
historian and can provide excellent references.

Thomas Cardoza
Department of History
University of California
Santa Barbara, CA 93106

cardoza@humanitas.ucsb.edu

------------------------------

End of WWII-L Digest - 9 Jun 1993 to 10 Jun 1993
************************************************

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Status: O

There are 7 messages totalling 199 lines in this issue.

Topics of the day:

  1. USAAF 11 JUN 43
  2. London visit
  3. Military Education
  4. GEN: pronounciation needed (3)
  5. Leyte

----------------------------------------------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 11 Jun 1993 07:05:31 -0400
From:    jem3@CC.BELLCORE.COM
Subject: USAAF 11 JUN 43

COMBAT CHRONOLOGY OF THE US ARMY AIR FORCES
FRIDAY, 11 JUNE 1943
FTP SITES
  1. ftp.rutgers.edu in directory pub/wwii/usaf
  2. byrd.mu.wvnet.edu (129.71.32.152) in pub/history/military/airforce/
     wwii_chronology

AIRCRAFT MENTIONED IN THIS REPORT:
  A-36, North American Apache
  B-17, Boeing Flying Fortress
  B-24, Consolidated Liberator
  B-25, North American Mitchell
  Beaufighter, Bristol (RAF)
  F-5, Lockheed Lightning
  P-38, Lockheed Lightning
  P-40, Curtiss
  Wellington, Vickers (RAF)

AMERICAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  ALASKA (Eleventh Air Force)
    In the Aleutian Islands, 7 B-24's, 8 B-25's, 10 P-40's, 4 P-38's, and
2 F-5A's fly weather, photo, reconnaissance, and attack missions to Kiska
Island. Main targets are Gertrude Cove and Main Camp, South Head, North
Head, runway, and offshore barges. Fighter bombing and strafing, and
subsequent bomber runs over emplacements, are effectively coordinated.

  CARIBBEAN (Sixth Air Force)
    The 3d Bombardment Squadron (Heavy), 6th Bombardment Group (Heavy)
transfers from Salinas, Ecuador to David, Panama with B-24's.

CHINA-BURMA-INDIA THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  CHINA (Fourteenth Air Force)
    Eight P-40's hit a camp on the Salween River, trucks at Mangshih, and
warehouses at Tungling, China.

EUROPEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Eighth Air Force)
  VIII Bomber Command Mission Number 62: 252 B-17's are dispatched against
the U-boat yard at Wilhelmshaven, Germany and the port area at Cuxhaven,
Germany; 218 hit the targets; we claim 85-20-24 Luftwaffe aircraft; we
lose 8 and 62 are damaged. Casualties are 3 KIA, 20 WIA and 80 MIA. The
raid on Wilhelmshaven demonstrates the difficulty of operating beyond
range of fighters escort as enemy fighters attacks prevent accurate
bombing of the target.
  HQ 388th Bombardment Group (Heavy) and it's 560th, 561st, 562d and 563d
Bombardment Squadrons (Heavy) arrive at Knettishall, England from the US
with B-17's. The group will fly it's first combat mission on 17 Jul 43.
  HQ 389th Bombardment Group (Heavy) and it's 564th Bombardment Squadron
(Heavy) arrive at Hethel, England from the US with B-24's. The group will
fly it's first mission on 9 Jul.
  The 416th Night Fighter Squadron, VIII Fighter Command transfers with
Beaufighters from Honiley, England to Acklington, England.

MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Ninth Air Force)
    B-25's attack islands of Pantelleria in the Mediterranean and
Lampedusa Island, Italy. Fighters  escort the medium bombers to
Pantelleria Island and fly cover during their bomb runs. After the British
1 Division is landed unopposed, Pantelleria surrenders unconditionally.

  WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Northwest African Air Force)
    An attack during the night of 10/11 Jun on Pantelleria Island in the
Mediterranean by Wellingtons is followed by morning and afternoon attacks
by fighters and bombers of the Northwest African Air Force (NAAF), in
conjunction with naval bombardment of the island.
    HQ 86th Bombardment Group (Light) and it's 309th, 310th and 311th
Bombardment Squadrons (Light) transfer with A-36's from French Morocco to
Tafaraoui, Algeria.
    The 414th Night Fighter Squadron, 2d Air Defense Wing transfers from La
Senia, Algeria to Rerhaia, Algeria. The air echelon is in England training
on Beaufighters.

SOUTHWEST PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Fifth Air Force)
  In the Bismarck Archipelago, B-24's again bomb the airfield at Rabaul
and hit targets of opportunity at Gasmata and along the shore of Keravia
Bay.
  In New Guinea, B-25's pound areas along Huon Gulf coast, hitting Kela
Point, Salamaua and the bridge at Nuk Nuk. P-40's strafe a submarine off
Cape Nelson.
  In Timor, Koepang is thoroughly blasted by B-24's while Penfoei and
Dili airfields are hit by light B-25 attacks.
  The 432d Fighter Squadron, 475th Fighter Group transfers with P-38's from
Charters Towers, Australia to Amberley Field, Townsville, Australia.

SOURCES:
AIR FORCE COMBAT UNITS OF WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force History,
  Headquarters USAF, 1961, ISBN 0-912799-02-1
COMBAT SQUADRONS OF THE AIR FORCE, WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force
  History, Headquarters USAF 1982
THE ARMY AIR FORCES IN WORLD WAR II: COMBAT CHRONOLOGY, 1941-1945 by the
 Office of Air Force History, Headquarters USAF, 1973
THE MIGHTY EIGHTH WAR DIARY by Roger A. Freeman, ISBN 1-85409-071-2

Jack McKillop
USAF (Airways and Air Communications Service)
1955-59


----------------------------------------------------------------------
|  Jack McKillop      |  Those who have long enjoyed such privileges |
|  Bellcore           |  as we enjoy forget in time that men have    |
|  Piscataway, NJ     |  died to win them.     FDR                   |
|  USA                |  jem3@cc.bellcore.com                        |
----------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 10 Jun 1993 14:25:37 -0400
From:    "Steven C. Salina" <SSALINA@BENTLEY.BITNET>
Subject: London visit

Thanx to all for giving me things to do while in England (London).  The free
days that I will have will not be all in a row, so I don't think I'll be able
to go anywhere other than England, but who knows (I will have three days in
a row at one point, so possibly...).

For Peter Smith, I'm actually staying in Coventry, but will be in London for
a few days, so any good "locals" in London, or Coventry for that matter (I
haven't been there for 8 years, so my memory of the locals is quite hazy)
would be most appreciated :-)!

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 11 Jun 1993 13:38:05 EDT
From:    John Sherwood <WG015C@GWUVM.BITNET>
Subject: Re: Military Education

Dear listmembers,

I am doing some research on military education in the US.  Can anyone
recommend any good tiles? I have already read the following:
Galloway and Johnson. *West Point.*
Van Creveld, Martin. *The Training of Officers.*
Ambrose, Steven. *Duty, Honor, Country.*

Thanks,

John Sherwood
wg015c@gwuvm.gwu.edu

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 11 Jun 1993 11:13:22 -0700
From:    Julian E Gomez <jeg@APPLE.COM>
Subject: GEN: pronounciation needed

There's a game for the Macintosh called "Hellcats Over The Pacific" and
it has a mission set called "Missions at Leyte Gulf".  How do you
pronounce "Leyte"? (It's not in the dictionary; neither is "Myitnge")

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 11 Jun 1993 14:51:00 EDT
From:    John Sherwood <WG015C@GWUVM.BITNET>
Subject: Re: GEN: pronounciation needed

According to the phonetic spelling in the Random House Dictionary, it
is pronounced laytay (sorry I don't have the symbols on my keyboard
to spell it phonetically, but you should get the idea from my
spelling).

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 11 Jun 1993 15:18:29 EST
From:    Oaks Mike <moaks@KSCMAIL.KENNESAW.EDU>
Subject: Leyte

Mr. Gomez asked about how to pronounce Leyte.   It's two syllables (sp).

lay  t      lay  t  Gulf
                                     _______
Michael Oaks                        |       |
Admin.Computer.Svcs.                |   o  _|_____     Trust,
moaks@kscmail.Kennesaw.Edu          |___|_|       |       but Verify.
(404)499-3049   FAX # (404)423-6541       |   o   |
                                          |___|___|

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 11 Jun 1993 22:14:29 -0400
From:    Ray Kale <al308@YFN.YSU.EDU>
Subject: Re: GEN: pronounciation needed

It's pronounced  " LAY TEA ". I was there just after the big battle,
aboard the USS Bon Homme Richard- CV31.

Ray Kale


--

------------------------------

End of WWII-L Digest - 10 Jun 1993 to 11 Jun 1993
*************************************************

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There is one message totalling 19 lines in this issue.

Topics of the day:

  1. Humor

----------------------------------------------------------------------

Date:    Sat, 12 Jun 1993 07:28:23 EDT
From:    John Sherwood <WG015C@GWUVM.BITNET>
Subject: Humor

THE PLACE: Long Binh Depot, Vietnam
THE TIME: Late 1969
THE SCENE: A rocket and mortar attack on Long Binh being carried out by
VC or North Vietnames hidden behind a nearby mountain. In the midst of the
attack, a west Point general clambers to the top of his air conditioned
headquarters building to survey the assault. Binoculars to his eyes, he
says, "They're coming from behind the hill. Get me my engineer.!" A
member of his retinue scurries off and returns with a USARV engineer.
    "Case," says the general to the engineer, "MOVE THAT HILL!"
    "What?," replies Case.
    "You heard me. In 72 hours I want that hill gone."
    And it was.

------------------------------

End of WWII-L Digest - 11 Jun 1993 to 12 Jun 1993
*************************************************

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There are 6 messages totalling 118 lines in this issue.

Topics of the day:

  1. Are you the listowner of wwii-l?
  2. Are you the listowner of wwii-l? (sorry)
  3. REF:  B-17 Photos (3)
  4. INF: Ultimate Biblio Service

----------------------------------------------------------------------

Date:    Sat, 12 Jun 1993 23:18:22 CDT
From:    janssen@STAFF.TC.UMN.EDU
Subject: Are you the listowner of wwii-l?

Hi,

I'm searching for the listowner of wwii-l,  I dredged up an old message with
your name on it and the words listowner so I thought you might be able to help
:-)

I have just lost my main account at school, since the name of the computer
changed (a few times) over the years, the listserv will not unsubscribe me.

If your still listowner, could you please unsubscribe me from the list.
The address was janssen@epx.cis.umn.edu, with the name Brian K. Janssen.

PS I am now on the list with my new account, its jans0003@student.tc.umn.edu
I'm planning to stay on the list with this account. (at least until they
take that one away from me too :-))

Thank you,
Brian K. Janssen

------------------------------

Date:    Sat, 12 Jun 1993 23:41:06 -0500
From:    "Brian K. Janssen" <janssen@STAFF.TC.UMN.EDU>
Subject: Re: Are you the listowner of wwii-l? (sorry)

My apologies, this message was ment for Larry Jewell, not the whole list
(gotta watch those reply-to's)

Sorry for the inconvenience,
Brian K. Janssen

------------------------------

Date:    Sun, 13 Jun 1993 11:54:54 MDT
From:    Steve Alvin <STEPHEN_ALVIN@DSU1.DSU.NODAK.EDU>
Subject: REF:  B-17 Photos

I am looking for photos of B-17's operating from the Phillipines and
Java as part of the FEAF or 5th AF in the early months of the Pacific
War.  I have photos of The Swoose, but I'm looking for others.  Any
help provided would be appreciated.

Thanks,

Steve Alvin
Dickinson State University
STEPHEN_ALVIN@DSU1.DSU.NODAK.EDU
**********************************************************************
*Those who fail to remember history are doomed to repeat it.--Proverb*
*Those who fail to remember history are doomed to repeat my class.-SA*
**********************************************************************

------------------------------

Date:    Sun, 13 Jun 1993 13:42:15 EST
From:    Larry Jewell <jewell@MACE.CC.PURDUE.EDU>
Subject: Re: REF:  B-17 Photos

>
> I am looking for photos of B-17's operating from the Phillipines and
> Java as part of the FEAF or 5th AF in the early months of the Pacific
> War.  I have photos of The Swoose, but I'm looking for others.  Any
> help provided would be appreciated.

Hi, you can try the Naval Institute if all else fails :-).  They advertise
35,000+ ship and aircraft photos in their collection.  Prices are $8.00US
for non-members, and $6.40US for members.  Call 800-233-USNI for more
details.

> Thanks,
>
> Steve Alvin
> Dickinson State University
> STEPHEN_ALVIN@DSU1.DSU.NODAK.EDU
> **********************************************************************
> *Those who fail to remember history are doomed to repeat it.--Proverb*
> *Those who fail to remember history are doomed to repeat my class.-SA*
> **********************************************************************
>
Larry J

------------------------------

Date:    Sun, 13 Jun 1993 16:13:32 EDT
From:    John Sherwood <WG015C@GWUVM.BITNET>
Subject: Re: REF:  B-17 Photos

The National Air and Space Museum has a huge collection of Air Force
photos on CD rom.  NSAM can reproduce studio quality photos from this
collection for authors.  Unfortunately, you may have to travel to DC
to look at them.  Talk to your university librarian, though, because
the CDs may be available for inter-library loan. Good luck.

Best regards,

John Sherwood
George Washington University
wg015c@gwuvm.gwu.edu

------------------------------

Date:    Sun, 13 Jun 1993 19:03:19 EST
From:    Larry Jewell <jewell@MACE.CC.PURDUE.EDU>
Subject: INF: Ultimate Biblio Service

I've just put a file on how to access the US Army War College card catalog
at Carlisle Barracks into the submissions directory at byrd.mu.wvnet.edu
(it's 173K).

Enjoy,
Larry J

------------------------------

End of WWII-L Digest - 12 Jun 1993 to 13 Jun 1993
*************************************************

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There are 9 messages totalling 602 lines in this issue.

Topics of the day:

  1. USAAF 12 JUN 43
  2. USAAF 13 JUN 43
  3. USAAF 14 JUN 43
  4. 50 y.a.t.
  5. GEN: pronounciation needed
  6. REF:  B-17 Photos (2)
  7. Archive site (2)

----------------------------------------------------------------------

Date:    Mon, 14 Jun 1993 07:03:54 -0400
From:    jem3@CC.BELLCORE.COM
Subject: USAAF 12 JUN 43

COMBAT CHRONOLOGY OF THE US ARMY AIR FORCES
SATURDAY, 12 JUNE 1943
FTP SITES
  1. ftp.rutgers.edu in directory pub/wwii/usaf
  2. byrd.mu.wvnet.edu (129.71.32.152) in pub/history/military/airforce/
     wwii_chronology

AIRCRAFT MENTIONED IN THIS REPORT:
  B-17, Boeing Flying Fortress
  B-24, Consolidated Liberator
  B-25, North American Mitchell
  B-26, Martin Marauder
  Oscar, Nakajima Ki-43, Army Type 1 Fighter Hayabusa

AMERICAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Eleventh Air Force)
  A detachment of the 344th Fighter Squadron, 343d Fighter Group based at
Ft Glenn, Alaska begins operating from Attu Island with P-40's.

EUROPEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Eighth Air Force)
  HQ 3d Bombardment Wing transfers from Elveden Hall, England to Marks
Hall, England.
  HQ 96th Bombardment Group (Heavy) and it's 337th, 339th and 413th
Bombardment Squadrons (Heavy) transfer with B-17's from Great Saling,
England to Snetterton Heath, England.
  The 449th, 450th, 451st and 452d Bombardment Squadrons (Medium), 322d
Bombardment Group (Medium) transfer with B-26's from Rougham, England to
Great Saling, England.

MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Ninth Air Force)
    B-25's, escorted by P-40's, attack Lampedusa Island in the
Mediterranean. The island surrenders unconditionally, and Coldstream
Guards go ashore and take charge

  WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Northwest African Air Force)
    Northwest African Strategic Air Force (NASAF) and Northwest Tactical
Air Force (Northwest Tactical Air Force (NATAF)) fighters, light, medium
and heavy bombers hit Lampedusa Island in the Mediterranean.
    In Sicily, B-17's and B-26's bomb Castelvetrano, Boccadifalco, and
Milo Airfields.

SOUTH PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Thirteenth Air Force)
  USAAF fighters, along with Royal New Zealand Air Force (RNZAF), US Navy,
and US Marine Corps fighters, claim over 30 aircraft shot down during the
interception of an enemy strike on Guadalcanal Island, Solomon Islands. 8
Allied fighters are lost.

SOUTHWEST PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Fifth Air Force)
  In New Guinea, B-24's hit runways at Nabire and Kaimana; a lone B-25
bombs and strafes barges S of Langemak Bay.
  Dick Bong gets his 11th kill when he downs an Oscar.

  SOURCES:
AIR FORCE COMBAT UNITS OF WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force History,
  Headquarters USAF, 1961, ISBN 0-912799-02-1
COMBAT SQUADRONS OF THE AIR FORCE, WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force
  History, Headquarters USAF 1982
THE ARMY AIR FORCES IN WORLD WAR II: COMBAT CHRONOLOGY, 1941-1945 by the
 Office of Air Force History, Headquarters USAF, 1973
THE MIGHTY EIGHTH WAR DIARY by Roger A. Freeman, ISBN 1-85409-071-2

Jack McKillop
USAF (Airways and Air Communications Service)
1955-59


----------------------------------------------------------------------
|  Jack McKillop      |  Those who have long enjoyed such privileges |
|  Bellcore           |  as we enjoy forget in time that men have    |
|  Piscataway, NJ     |  died to win them.     FDR                   |
|  USA                |  jem3@cc.bellcore.com                        |
----------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

Date:    Mon, 14 Jun 1993 07:07:56 -0400
From:    jem3@CC.BELLCORE.COM
Subject: USAAF 13 JUN 43

COMBAT CHRONOLOGY OF THE US ARMY AIR FORCES
SUNDAY, 13 JUNE 1943
FTP SITES
  1. ftp.rutgers.edu in directory pub/wwii/usaf
  2. byrd.mu.wvnet.edu (129.71.32.152) in pub/history/military/airforce/
     wwii_chronology

AIRCRAFT MENTIONED IN THIS REPORT:
  B-17, Boeing Flying Fortress
  B-24, Consolidated Liberator
  B-25, North American Mitchell
  F-5, Lockheed Lightning
  P-40, Curtiss

CHINA-BURMA-INDIA THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  BURMA-INDIA (Tenth Air Force)
    In Burma, 9 B-25's attack the Meza railway bridge on the Mandalay-
Myitkyina line, causing minor damage.

  CHINA (Fourteenth Air Force)
    In China, 11 B-25's supported by 14 P-40's, bomb hangars and the depot
area at Nanchang Airfield.

EUROPEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Eighth Air Force)
  VIII Bomber Command Mission Number 63: 151 B-17's are dispatched against
the Bremen, Germany U-boat yards; 122 hit the target claiming 2-2-1
Luftwaffe aircraft; we lose 4 and 31 are damaged; casualties are 8 WIA and
32 MIA. A smaller force of 76 B-17's is dispatched against the Kiel,
Germany U-boat yards; 60 hit the target and claim 39-5-14 Luftwaffe
aircraft; we lose 22, 1 is damaged beyond repair and 23 are damaged;
casualties are 3 KIA, 20 WIA and 213 MIA. Heaviest fighter attacks to date
against Eighth Air Force accounts for 26 B-17's, mostly of the force
attacking Kiel.
  HQ 13th Bombardment Wing (Medium) transfers from Marks Hall, England to
Camp Blainey, England.
  The 331st, 332d, 333d and 410th Bombardment Squadrons (Heavy), 94th
Bombardment  Group (Heavy) transfer with B-17's from Earls Colne, England
to Bury St Edmunds, England.
  The 338th Bombardment Squadron (Heavy), 96th Bombardment Group (Heavy)
transfers with B-17's from Great Saling, England to Snetterton Heath,
England.

MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Ninth Air Force)
    In Sicily, US and Royal Air Force (RAF) heavy bombers attack Catania
and Gerbini Airfields, causing severe damage to aircraft, runways,
hangars, and other installations. Our heavy bombers claim 5 fighters; 2
B-24's are down at sea.

  WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Northwest African Air Force)
    Northwest Tactical Air Force (NATAF) and Northwest African Coastal Air
Force (NACAF) carry out land and sea patrols and reconnaissance flights.
Northwest African Photographic Reconnaissance Wing covers areas of
Sardinia, Sicily, and the Italian mainland.
    HQ 3d Photographic Reconnaissance and Mapping Group and it's 12th
Photographic Squadron (Light) transfers with F-5's from Algiers, Algeria to
La Marsa, Tunisia.
    HQ 82d Fighter Group and it's 95th, 96th and 97th Fighter Squadrons
transfer with P-38's from Berteaux, Algeria to Souk-el-Arba, Algeria.
    The 5th Photographic Squadron (Light), Twelfth Air Force transfers with
F-5's from Algiers, Algeria to La Marsa, Tunisia.
    The 346th Fighter Squadron, 350th Fighter Group which has been
operating it's P-39's from Monastir, Tunisia since 4 Jun returns to it's
base at Maison Blanche, Algeria.

SOUTH PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Thirteenth Air Force)
  In the Solomon Islands,  B-24's and B-17's again bomb Kahili Airfield.
  The 371st and 372d Bombardment Squadrons (Heavy), 307th Bombardment Group
(Heavy) transfers from Kahuku and Hickam Field, Territory of Hawaii
respectively to Espiritu Santo, New Hebrides Islands with B-24's.

SOUTHWEST PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Fifth Air Force)
  In the Bismarck Archipelago, B-17's and B-24's bomb airfields in the
Rabaul area and at Gasmata.
  B-25's hit Dili and Koepang, on Timor and bomb and strafe barges off the
Huon Peninsula, at Jacob Island, off Cape Gerhards, and S of Cape Cretin,
New Guinea. Single B-24's bomb Malahang Airfield and attack a freighter in
Humboldt Bay, both in New Guinea.

SOURCES:
AIR FORCE COMBAT UNITS OF WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force History,
  Headquarters USAF, 1961, ISBN 0-912799-02-1
COMBAT SQUADRONS OF THE AIR FORCE, WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force
  History, Headquarters USAF 1982
THE ARMY AIR FORCES IN WORLD WAR II: COMBAT CHRONOLOGY, 1941-1945 by the
 Office of Air Force History, Headquarters USAF, 1973
THE MIGHTY EIGHTH WAR DIARY by Roger A. Freeman, ISBN 1-85409-071-2

Jack McKillop
USAF (Airways and Air Communications Service)
1955-59


----------------------------------------------------------------------
|  Jack McKillop      |  Those who have long enjoyed such privileges |
|  Bellcore           |  as we enjoy forget in time that men have    |
|  Piscataway, NJ     |  died to win them.     FDR                   |
|  USA                |  jem3@cc.bellcore.com                        |
----------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

Date:    Mon, 14 Jun 1993 07:10:08 -0400
From:    jem3@CC.BELLCORE.COM
Subject: USAAF 14 JUN 43

COMBAT CHRONOLOGY OF THE US ARMY AIR FORCES
MONDAY, 14 JUNE 1943
FTP SITES
  1. ftp.rutgers.edu in directory pub/wwii/usaf
  2. byrd.mu.wvnet.edu (129.71.32.152) in pub/history/military/airforce/
     wwii_chronology

AIRCRAFT MENTIONED IN THIS REPORT:
  B-17, Boeing Flying Fortress
  B-24, Consolidated Liberator
  B-25, North American Mitchell
  B-26, Martin Marauder
  F4U, Vought Corsair (USN)
  P-40, Curtiss
  Wellington, Vickers (RAF)

CENTRAL PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Seventh Air Force)
  One B-24 from Funafuti Atoll, Ellice Islands bombs the runways at Tarawa
Atoll, Gilbert Islands.

CHINA-BURMA-INDIA THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  CHINA (Fourteenth Air Force)
    Eight P-40's intercept about 8 bombers and 20 fighters 25 mi (40 km)
SW of Nanchang, China. The P-40's claim 7 fighters shot down.

EUROPEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Eighth Air Force)
  HQ 323d Bombardment Group (Medium) and it's 453d, 454th , 455th and 456th
Bombardment Squadrons (Medium) transfer with B-26's from Horham, England to
Earls Colne, England.
  The 349th Bombardment Squadron (Heavy), 100th Bombardment Group (Heavy)
arrives at Thorpe Abbots, England from the US with B-17's. The squadron
will fly it's first mission on 25 Jun.

MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Northwest African Air Force)
    During the night of 13/14 Jun, Northwest African Strategic Air Force
(NASAF) Wellingtons bomb Messina, Italy. Other NASAF and Northwest
Tactical Air  Force (NATAF) airplanes continue patrols and reconnaissance.
The Northwest African Photographic Reconnaissance Wing maintains flights
over Sardinia and Sicily.

SOUTH PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Thirteenth Air Force)
  In the Solomon Islands, 18 B-25's, escorted by F4U's, hit Vila Airfield.
11 B-17's and B-24's bomb Kahili Airfield and hit nearby Shortland Island.

SOUTHWEST PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Fifth Air Force)
  A single B-24 bombs Lakunai Airfield at Rabaul, Bismarck Archipelago.

SOURCES:
AIR FORCE COMBAT UNITS OF WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force History,
  Headquarters USAF, 1961, ISBN 0-912799-02-1
COMBAT SQUADRONS OF THE AIR FORCE, WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force
  History, Headquarters USAF 1982
THE ARMY AIR FORCES IN WORLD WAR II: COMBAT CHRONOLOGY, 1941-1945 by the
 Office of Air Force History, Headquarters USAF, 1973
THE MIGHTY EIGHTH WAR DIARY by Roger A. Freeman, ISBN 1-85409-071-2

Jack McKillop
USAF (Airways and Air Communications Service)
1955-59


----------------------------------------------------------------------
|  Jack McKillop      |  Those who have long enjoyed such privileges |
|  Bellcore           |  as we enjoy forget in time that men have    |
|  Piscataway, NJ     |  died to win them.     FDR                   |
|  USA                |  jem3@cc.bellcore.com                        |
----------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

Date:    Mon, 14 Jun 1993 13:25:43 +0100
From:    Mike Hoffmann <Mike.Hoffmann@AP.MCHP.SNI.DE>
Subject: 50 y.a.t.

I too have to ring the bell, asking where 50yat got to.

The last ones I received were early Feb 43 (shortly after Stalingrad),
which of course means that I missed out on a bunch of decisive events
(Tunesia campaign) and I'm getting frantic, now that Kursk is approaching.

Mike
--
Mike Hoffmann - Internet Administrator, Siemens-Nixdorf AG, SNI SU AP 1123
INTERNET: Mike.Hoffmann@ap.mchp.sni.de
"...And I looked, and I saw a fifth rider, riding a purple horse.  It's voice
sang a dirge of happiness, and it wanted to be my neighbor..."
-- Revelations, the verse they left out because it was _too_ _damn_ _scary_.
(tomault+@cs.cmu.edu (Thomas Galen Ault))

------------------------------

Date:    Mon, 14 Jun 1993 09:34:24 -0500
From:    "Sidney W. Kitchel" <kitchel@OCTOPUS.DPSI.COM>
Subject: Re: GEN: pronounciation needed

Julian E Gomez writes:
|->
|-> There's a game for the Macintosh called "Hellcats Over The Pacific" and
|-> it has a mission set called "Missions at Leyte Gulf".  How do you
|-> pronounce "Leyte"? (It's not in the dictionary; neither is "Myitnge")

        Most people I've heard say "lay-tee". I happen to own a Mac
Quadra 800 and both "Hellcats over the Pacific" and "Mission Leyte
Gulf". These are pretty good simulation games. Depending on the
mission, you either take off from a land base near water or from an
aircraft carrier. You fly an F6F Hellcat and are either fighting
Zeroes in the air or engaging Japanese warships or land bases.
        The graphics and flight simulation seem quite well done. I
don't know enough about the flight characteristics of the Mitsubishis
to comment on them, but it is very hard to out turn the Zeroes. I keep
wishing for a wingman and the chance to try a "Thatch weave". But my
main problem is that I'm not an expert fighter pilot yet.

                                                           --Sid
--
Sidney W. Kitchel           kitchel@cs.indiana.edu, kitchel@dpsi.com
Data Parallel Systems, Inc.  ============||  DPSI  ||===============
4617 E. Morningside Drive                             (812) 334-8100
Bloomington, Indiana,  47408  USA               FAX:  (812) 334-8121

------------------------------

Date:    Mon, 14 Jun 1993 09:49:05 -0500
From:    "Sidney W. Kitchel" <kitchel@OCTOPUS.DPSI.COM>
Subject: Re: REF:  B-17 Photos

John Sherwood writes:
|->
|-> The National Air and Space Museum has a huge collection of Air Force
|-> photos on CD rom.  NSAM can reproduce studio quality photos from this
|-> collection for authors.  Unfortunately, you may have to travel to DC
|-> to look at them.  Talk to your university librarian, though, because
|-> the CDs may be available for inter-library loan. Good luck.

        Are they for sale?? Could you provide more details, please?
Some of us have the technology for handling movies and stills on CD.

                                                        --Sid
--
Sidney W. Kitchel           kitchel@cs.indiana.edu, kitchel@dpsi.com
Data Parallel Systems, Inc.  ============||  DPSI  ||===============
4617 E. Morningside Drive                             (812) 334-8100
Bloomington, Indiana,  47408  USA               FAX:  (812) 334-8121

------------------------------

Date:    Mon, 14 Jun 1993 10:55:53 EDT
From:    John Sherwood <WG015C@GWUVM.BITNET>
Subject: Re: REF:  B-17 Photos

Dear  Sidney et al,

I will speak to my friend who is a curator at NASM and report my
findings to the list. Stay tuned.

Best regards,

John Sherwood
wg015c@gwuvm.gwu.edu

------------------------------

Date:    Mon, 14 Jun 1993 10:25:43 EDT
From:    "Earl W. Reynolds, Jr." <WREYNOLD@VUNET.VINU.EDU>
Subject: Archive site

Could someone please send me the archive site for this list,
on private e-mail?

Wes Reynolds: wreynold@vunet.vinu.edu

------------------------------

Date:    Mon, 14 Jun 1993 11:03:09 EST
From:    Larry Jewell <jewell@MACE.CC.PURDUE.EDU>
Subject: Re: Archive site

Since the archive information is included in the intro, I'll repost it
to the list as well as the requestor.  If anything is unclear, send
me a note.

Larry J
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Welcome to WWII-L, a list dedicated to the discussion of the
greatest cataclysm of the Twentieth century (and, hopefully,
the last.)

I'm Larry W. Jewell and I'll be listowner until further
notice.  I can be reached at the addresses listed at the end
of this notice.

WWII-L will be self-moderated.  This means that each of you
will always try to remember that there is a human being on the
other end of the net, and the "Golden Rule" is rule number
one!

Our subject is HUGE and not everyone will be interested in
everything that moves over the mails.  To ease YOUR burden of
sorting the items you wish to read I offer the following
"flags".  They will go FIRST on the Subject: line.
(This section will be enforced when traffic get heavy, otherwise
members may use their discretion on the matter.)

SCI (for discussion of science and technology, may overlap
     with WEAP)
WEAP ( for talk of weapons, useage of weapons, and "My favorite
       weapon.")
POL (Political discussions, such as the effects of the Yalta
     Conference)
TAC (Tactical and Strategic discussions, "Island hopping vs.
     Single axis")
REF (References, review, where-to-buy, etc.)
INF (Tables of Organization, raw data, chronologies, etc.)
DOC (Reproductions of documents, Declarations of War,
     Speeches, Treaties, etc.)
GEN ("Let's find a category for this.")
TRV (For you trivia buffs. Try to stump everyone.)
VET (For reunions, VA announcements, Legislation affecting veterans)
HOME (For discussions of events on the "Homefront".  To help distinguish
      WHICH homefront we're talking about, use the following format:
      HOME:US for the U.S.A.,
      HOME:GER for Germany, and so forth.)
NOST (For Nostalgia items, such as trips to battle sites, historical
      recreations, museum information, where to buy badges and hats, etc.)
ADMIN (For listowner use, to post introduction and related material.
       Responses to article are welcome, but only listowner should originate
       an "ADMIN" article.)
WANT (For trading, suggestion on stores worth visting, etc.  Please offer to
      send more information via e-mail rather than posting an entire inventory.)
MEDIA (To review and report tv and other media "events".)
NEWS (For reproductions of newspaper, magazine, and other articles from the
      period under discussion.  Present day news items should be post under
      "MEDIA".
ARC  (For discussion of on-line resources and materials, such as those avail-
      able via ftp or gopher.  Discussion of the WWII-OLA (On-Line Archives)
      should be posted under this flag.))

Some items will overlap, of course, but the main thrust of the item
should be clear.  Try not to ask so many questions in a single post
that the flags become inoperative.  Several short posts are preferable
to one long one, and are easier to answer and quote.  You should change
the flag in the subject line if the thread takes a new direction.  If
you reply to a posting which didn't have a flag, please insert the proper
flag.  (This can help categorize the subject for people who have to down-
load the mail via slow modem, one of the main reasons for having the flags
at all.)

You'll be hearing from me if you "forget" this system.  I also
solicit additions to this list.  Please keep this table handy
until you're comfortable with the flags.

Abbreviations are another subject that needs attention.  While many of us
will be comfortable with the most arcane and obscure acronyms and abbreviations
many of the readers of this list are here to learn more about the war and
will have trouble decyphering your articles if they are packed with "LAH",
"CinCUS", "StuG III", etc.  PLEASE expand these terms at least once in your
post.  Similarly, since this list is primarily in English, could we please
translate the "foreign" terms?  A long discussion on "Kido Butai" or "Wacht-
am-Rhine" without an explantion of the terms isn't polite if we exclude part
of the list because they have no clue as to the meaning of the terms.


Now we come to the REALLY hard part.

Some subjects have been beaten to death, and I KNOW that they'll
come up almost as soon as the group gets started.  To save us
all time, I'll ask that the following subjects be covered by
private mail (in other words, talk to someone who CARES.)  I'm
not judging the validity of anyone's arguments one way or the
other in these subject, just that I have yet to see one person
change their mind about them.


1. The Holocaust
2. Did Roosevelt Know About The Coming Attack on Pearl Harbor?
3. (Watch this space...)

One last item, STATE YOUR REFERENCES!  You're in tough company
here.  Some of the folks in this list are VERY sharp, and
you'll end up with egg on your face if you haven't done your
homework.


Normally the listserv will want you to subscribe from you own account rather
than having me add you to the list.  This allows the software to confirm
mailing routes as I don't always get your full address in the mail.

Contact me if listserv gives you any problems and we'll seek a solution.

SUBSCRIPTION INFOMATION:

ALL Messages are to go to:

listserv@ubvm.cc.buffalo.edu (internet)
listserv@ubvm                (bitnet)

Send the following commands  in the body of the message.

To SUBSCRIBE:

subscribe wwii-l (your name)

To UNSUBSCRIBE:

unsubscribe wwii-l

To turn mail off for a period without unsubscribing:

set wwii-l nomail

To turn mail back on when ready:

set wwii-l mail

To Digest (have all postings sent in one mailing per day):

set wwii-l digest

To restore normal mail (undigest the list.)

set wwii-l mail

To confirm that your posting has been sent to the list:

set wwii-l ack

To get a copy of your posting sent to you:

set wwii-l repro

(Ack will send you a note saying "your file has been succesfully distributed,
and repro will send a copy back to you of your posting..


To retrieve logfiles for WWII-L send mail to listserv@ubvm.cc.buffalo.edu or
                                             listserv@ubvm (for bitnet)

with this message in the body:

get wwii-l log9207c

This file will contain all the postings sent to the list in the third week
of July.

The files are held for two months and broken down by seven day periods (which
usually don't coincide with the calendar "week".  Thus you might see this
kind of entry


WWII-L LOG9207A  (for 01-07 July, 1992)
WWII-L LOG9207B  (for 08-14 July, 1992)
WWII-L LOG9207C  (for 15-21 July, 1992)

You can also get the files by ftp if you have access.  FTP into
ubvm.cc.buffalo.edu
and CD to WWII-L.  The files are in ascii format and the machine is case
sensitive.

If I haven't suffciently confused you, send me e-mail and I'll finish the job:-)


Larry J
Date:         Wed, 16 Sep 1992 18:06:11 CDT
From: DONALD NEWCOMB <NEWCOMB%USMCP6.BITNET@UBVM.cc.buffalo.edu>
Subject:      Getting back articles and the database

From:Larry Jewell <jewell@MACE.CC.PURDUE.EDU>
Larry,
  One of the "niftiest" features of the listserver is the database
search. This allows the user to search for any subject and print
either an index of the "hits" or the articles themselves. For
instance if you mail the command sequence below to "listserv@ubvm.bitnet"
or "listserv@ubvm.cc.buffalo.edu" it will send you an index of all
articles in the archive that deal with weapons (the WEAP: tag).
_
//Job
Database Search DD=Rules
//Rules DD *
sel * in wwii-l where subject contains ("weap:")
index
/*
_
If you change the word "index" to "print" it will return you a copy
of the articles themselves. I think you can start with the listserv
"help" command and find a complete set of instructions  for using the
database. The complete instructions are very complex and should only
be tackled by someone with experience with data searching experience.

Donald R. Newcomb - Univ. of Southern Mississippi - Gulf Park
   <NEWCOMB@USMCP6.BITNET>


Enough talking.  I can be reached at the following addresses;

Larry W. Jewell                      jewell@mace.cc.purdue.edu
2501 Soldier's Home Rd. #58B         JEWELLL@PURCCVM
W. Lafayette, IN, 47906-3571
(317)496-3234


#Larry W. Jewell (ex-USN)  WWII-L Listowner   jewell@mace.cc.purdue.edu     #
#"Sunday's horoscope is noteworthy because of its strange, sudden and wholly#
#unpredictable and inexplicable occurrences, affecting all phases of life." #
#--"Your Horoscope," L.A. Evening Herald Express, Saturday, Dec. 6, 1941.   #

------------------------------

End of WWII-L Digest - 13 Jun 1993 to 14 Jun 1993
*************************************************

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Status: O

There are 16 messages totalling 1159 lines in this issue.

Topics of the day:

  1. USAAF 15 JUN 43
  2. INF: How to access Carlisle.
  3. INF: US National Archives
  4. INF: US National Archives on WWII
  5. 50th Anniv of Normandy Invasion
  6. GEN: Aircraft photos on CDs from Nat. Air and Space Museum (3)
  7. Battle of Britain & The Blitz (2)
  8. Thanks (3)
  9. USAMHI
 10. REF: New books, 6/14/93
 11. INF: BB Timeline...

----------------------------------------------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 15 Jun 1993 07:08:07 -0400
From:    jem3@CC.BELLCORE.COM
Subject: USAAF 15 JUN 43

COMBAT CHRONOLOGY OF THE US ARMY AIR FORCES
TUESDAY, 15 JUNE 1943
FTP SITES
  1. ftp.rutgers.edu in directory pub/wwii/usaf
  2. byrd.mu.wvnet.edu (129.71.32.152) in pub/history/military/airforce/
     wwii_chronology

AIRCRAFT MENTIONED IN THIS REPORT:
  B-17, Boeing Flying Fortress
  B-24, Consolidated Liberator
  B-25, North American Mitchell
  B-26, Martin Marauder
  B-40, Boeing Flying Fortress
  F-5, Lockheed Lightning
  P-38, Lockheed Lightning

AMERICAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Sixth Air Force)
  The 40th Bombardment Group (Heavy) and it's 44th and 45th Bombardment
Squadrons (Heavy) begin a movement from Howard Field, Canal Zone back to
the US. The group will transition to B-29's and move to India in Apr 44.

CHINA-BURMA-INDIA THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  BURMA-INDIA (Tenth Air Force)
    B-25's score 2 direct hits on the bridge at Myitnge, Burma.

  CHINA (Fourteenth Air Force)
    Ten B-25's, escorted by 12 P-40's, support Chinese ground forces by
bombing positions at Owchihkow, China.

EUROPEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Eighth Air Force)
  Additional modifications of YB-40 escort bombers are completed in the
United Kingdom. It is now hoped that these B-17's converted to heavily
armored aircraft with great firepower will solve the problem of long-range
escort for bombers
  HQ 94th Bombardment Group (Heavy) transfers from Earls Colne, England to
Bury St Edmunds, England.
  HQ 95th Bombardment Group (Heavy) and it's 334th, 335th, 336th and 412th
Bombardment Squadrons (Heavy) transfer with B-17's from Framlingham,
England to Horham, England.
  The 329th Bombardment Squadron (Heavy), 93d Bombardment Group (Heavy)
transfers with B-24's from Bungay, England to Hardwick, England.
  The 565th Bombardment Squadron (Heavy), 389th Bombardment Group (Heavy)
arrives at Hethel, England from the US with B-24's.

MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Northwest African Air Force)
    During the night of 14/15 Jun, Northwest African Strategic Air Force
(NASAF) Wellingtons bomb the airfields at Milo, Sciacca, Castelvetrano,
and Boccadifalco, Sicily. B-17's, B-25's, B-26's, and P-38's follow
during the morning hours with raids on the same targets and hit the
airfield at Bo Rizzo and radio stations near Marsala, Sicily. Widespread
photo reconnaissance of mainland Italy, Sicily, and Sardinia continues.
    A detachment of the 12th Reconnaissance Squadron (Fighter), 67th
Reconnaissance Group begins operating from Malta with F-5's.

SOUTH PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Thirteenth Air Force)
  B-24's bomb the airfield on Ballale Island, Solomon Islands.

SOUTHWEST PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Fifth Air Force)
  B-24's bomb airfields at Rabaul on New Britain Island in predawn strikes
and hit Kendari Airfield, Celebes in the evening.
  In New Guinea, a single B-25 attacks a power boat in Hanisch Harbor
and strafes a beach near Finschhafen.

SOURCES:
AIR FORCE COMBAT UNITS OF WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force History,
  Headquarters USAF, 1961, ISBN 0-912799-02-1
COMBAT SQUADRONS OF THE AIR FORCE, WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force
  History, Headquarters USAF 1982
THE ARMY AIR FORCES IN WORLD WAR II: COMBAT CHRONOLOGY, 1941-1945 by the

 Office of Air Force History, Headquarters USAF, 1973
THE MIGHTY EIGHTH WAR DIARY by Roger A. Freeman, ISBN 1-85409-071-2

Jack McKillop
USAF (Airways and Air Communications Service)
1955-59


----------------------------------------------------------------------
|  Jack McKillop      |  Those who have long enjoyed such privileges |
|  Bellcore           |  as we enjoy forget in time that men have    |
|  Piscataway, NJ     |  died to win them.     FDR                   |
|  USA                |  jem3@cc.bellcore.com                        |
----------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 15 Jun 1993 06:46:55 EST
From:    Larry Jewell <jewell@MACE.CC.PURDUE.EDU>
Subject: INF: How to access Carlisle.

Guide to the information contained in the databases of:

            U.S. ARMY MILITARY HISTORY INSTITUTE

            U.S. ARMY WAR COLLEGE


An index of the available information can be obtained by mailing to
info-request@carlisle-emh2.army.mil with a Subject: line containing
only the word "index"
i.e.
        Subject: index

To request the information contained under a subject heading, send
mail to info-request@carlisle-emh2.army.mil.  In the subject line,
input the refbib abbreviation (contained in the parenthesis after
the subject heading) followed by the extension '.asc' (this tells
the database to return the information in ascii format).  Leave the
body of the message empty.

EXAMPLE:    mail info-request@carlisle-emh2.army.mil
            Subject:  adjen.asc

            letter body empty.

          Send request.  Response times vary from 3-4 min. to 12 hours.

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 15 Jun 1993 06:54:38 EST
From:    Larry Jewell <jewell@MACE.CC.PURDUE.EDU>
Subject: INF: US National Archives

INFORMATION ABOUT ELECTRONIC RECORDS IN THE NATIONAL ARCHIVES FOR
                   RESEARCHERS


Access to government information is essential in a democratic
nation. It depends, to a large degree, on good recordkeeping by
government agencies, on the preservation of important records,and
on public access to those records. The information in records has
considerable value in documenting the vast scope and great
diversity of federal government activities and functions. Federal
records often are the best available sources of information for
various kinds of research, including research in history,
sociology, economics, and the natural sciences.

What is the National Archives?


The National Archives is the statutorily authorized repository for
"those official records which have been determined by the Archivist
of the United States to have sufficient historical or other value
to #arrant their continued preservation by the federal government,
and which have been accepted by the Archivist for deposit in his
custody" (44 U.S.C 2901). Since its creation in 1934,  the National
Archives has preserved noncurrent federal records for the
protection of public and private rights and for research use. The
holdings of the National Archives span 200 years of American
history and document the wide range of activities of federal
agencies. The records also reveal much about the lives and opinions
of Americans, individually and collectively, throughout our
national history. They contain vast quantities of information about
our national economy and resources and about natural phenomena.
Records available in National Archives facilities across the United
States, include those created by the courts, Congress, the
President, Presidential commissions, and components of numerous
federal agencies and bureaus. The National Archives promotes the
fullest  possible public use of the records in its custody while
protecting personal, restricted, or classified information against
unauthorized disclosure.


What is the Center for Electronic Records?

The Center for Electronic Records is the organization within the
National Archives that appraises, collects, preserves, and provides
access to federal records in a format designed for computer
processing.

Where do records in the Center come from?


Originally, these records are created or received by
agencies of the federal government. They may concern
virtually any area or subject in which the government is
involved. They may be from any type of computer

application such as data processing, word processing,
computer modeling, or geographic information systems.


How does the Center determine what records to keep?


Identifying permanently valuable records for retention
by the National Archives involves cooperation between
NARA and the various agencies of the federal government. Through
the process of appraisal, the Center identifies and selects the
electronic records it judges to have permanent value.

     When appraising electronic records, archivists evaluate the
contents of the records for their administrative, legal, and
informational value and for their long-term
research potential. Some of the factors in the decision
include: whether the information is in its original form,
whether the records can be linked with other information, how the
records relate to past and present research trends, which federal
agency created them and how the information was used, and what
impact the records had on federal programs and policy. Generally,
only a small percent of all electronic records are evaluated as
having enduring value.
     The Center preserves electronic records in electronic
form when their future use is enhanced by, or dependent
upon, electronic processing. In some cases records may
be preserved only on paper or microform by other units
of the National Archives.


What kinds of electronic records does the Center have?


The Center maintains electronic records with continuing
value created by the Congress, the courts, the Executive
Office of the  President, numerous Presidential commissions, and
nearly 100 bureaus, departments,  and other
components of executive branch agencies and their
contractors.

     In general, the electronic records transferred to the
National Archives are themselves evidence of evolution
in the application of computer technology in support of
program administration, planning, recordkeeping, and
research  within agencies of the federal government. A
few of the data sets were originally created as early as
World War II and reflect punchcard technology in use
since the 1880s; an even smaller number contain
information from the 19th century that has been
converted to an electronic format. However, most of the
electronic records in the Center's holdings have been
created since the 1960s. With over 10,000 data sets, the
scope of the holdings, as would be expected, is quite
diverse--as diverse as the activities and interests of the
federal government itself.

     Among  the  types of holdings or subject  areas
represented in the Center's holdings are the following:



Attitudinal Data

Included in this category are a wide range of data from surveys
undertaken by a variety of federal agencies. For example, the Merit
Systems Protection Board sponsored surveys that questioned federal
employees about equal employment opportunity and affirmative action
programs and other workplace issues such as sexual harassment and
whistle-blowing. Other opinion surveys reflect the work of the
Bureau of Justice Statistics, most notably their National Crime
Surveys. Still others represent data from specially commissioned
surveys for the Presidential Commission on the Review of National
Policy Toward Gambling and for the National Commissions on Social
Security and on the Causes and Prevention of Violence. Two large
collections of attitudinal data are described below under the
discussion of international and military records.

Demographic Data

A significant portion of the Center's collection relates to the
population and housing data programs of the Bureau of the Census.
The records include sample public use data from most of the
decennial censuses of the 20th century, a substantial collection
of social and economic indicators at city and county levels dating
from the 1940s, aggregate statistics at many geographic levels from
the 1970 Census of Population and Housing, and data sets from the
monthly national Current Population Surveys and the Annual Housing
Surveys. Demographic data from other agencies include records from
the President's Commission on Population Growth and the American
Future.

Economic and Financial Statistics

Income, labor, securities, tax, trade, and transportation
statistics, as well as work experience data come from a variety of
federal agencies including the Bureaus of the Census, Economic
Analysis, and Labor Statistics; the former Civil Aeronautics Board;
the Department of Transportation; the Internal Revenue Service: the
Securities and Exchange Commission; and the Social Security
Administration. The information reflects most aspects of the
nation's economy, encompassing public use samples of corporate and
individual tax returns since the 1960s; statistics on federal
expenditures; data on county, state, and national business patterns
since the mid-1970s; estimates of the national income and product
accounts and related regional estimates; regulatory data from the
aviation and securities industries; historical statistics on work
stoppages; and data from some of the Bureau of the Census economic
surveys and censuses.

Education Data

The Center's holdings from the Department of Education and a dozen
other agencies illustrate the variety of education-related programs
of the federal government.  The records include data resulting from
James S. Coleman's study of the impact of segregation, known as the
Equality of Educational Opportunity Study; the Federal Trade
Commission's investigations of standardized test-coaching schools;
and the Civil Rights Commission's 1976 School Superintendents
Survey regarding desegregation. Also available at the Center are
the records of the President's Commissions on Campus Unrest (1970)
and on School Finance and the National Commission on the Financing
of Post-Secondary Education.

Health and Social Services Data

Health-related data are deposited in the Center incorporate both
biomedical and sociological information collected in studies such
as the 15-year National Collaborative Perinatal Project and the
underwater experiments conducted by the National Aeronautics and
Space Administration (NASA) in the late 1960s, as well as data
collected in the Health Insurance experiment in the 1970s and early
1980s and in national Surveys of Health Services Utilization and
Expenditures.  Other records come from surveys conducted on behalf
of the Presidential Commission on the Accident at Three Mile Island
and the National Commission on Marijuana and Drug Abuse. Electronic
records in the Center also derive from efforts to measure the
effectiveness of a variety of social programs, including retirement
history studies and income maintenance experiments, as well as
studies on the impact of such federal programs as Aid to Families
with Dependent Children and the Food Stamp program.

International Data

The international data in the Center are highlighted by attitudinal
surveys conducted since the 1950s in countries throughout the world
on behalf of the U.S. Information Agency. The data from the over
800 USIA-sponsored surveys that have been transferred to the
National Archives generally date from the 1970s. Other major
collections of international data in the Center are the import and
export statistics of the United States, by commodity, dating from
the 1960s.

Military Data

Electronic records relating to military concerns include over
100 attitudinal surveys conducted during World War II (the
"American Soldier"); records of repatriated prisoners of war
from the European and Pacific theaters of World War II, the
Korean war, and the Vietnam conflict; casualty records from
the Korean war and the Vietnam conflict; and a large collection
of datasets resulting from the use of computers for military
operations, management, and research dating from the
1960s, especially during combat in Southeast Asia. For
example, there are electronic records on the government and
people of South Vietnam and on the ground, air (including
herbicide sprayings), and naval operations of the Vietnam
conflict. The best known of the Vietnam-related electronic
records, the Combat Area Casualties File, was one of the
primary sources used to determine the names of the casualties
for the Vietnam Veterans Memorial in Washington, D.C. Records
from the Presidential Clemency Board, 1974-75, also are included
in the Center's holdings.  Documenting more recent military events
is the computerized index to the microfiche of the captured
Grenada documents.

Scientific and Technological Data

Records in this category include the National Register of
Scientific and Technical Personnel dating from the 1950s,
the National Engineers Register, and a 1971 Survey of
Scientists and Engineers. Another series consists of an
electronic index and text files transferred from the
President's Commission on the Space Shuttle Challenger
Accident.

The Center's holdings include additional types of data, and they
are constantly growing. Use the _Request for Further Information_
on the inside back cover [see end of this file] to request
additional information about any area of interest.

Are there any restrictions on access to electronic records
maintained by the Center?

Access to the electronic records transferred to the Center is
subject to the terms of the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA).
While most of the Center's holdings are open to
researchers, the information in some datasets may be
withheld in accordance with the exemptions authorized
under the FOIA designed to protect national security,
individual privacy, law enforcement investigations, or
proprietary interest. Statutory restrictions on electronic
records transferred to the National Archives remain in
force until the records are 30 years old, unless extended
by the Archivist of the United States. The National
Archives protects against an unwarranted invasion of
individual privacy, in general, for 75 years.

     In some cases, where specific records or data elements
within electronic records are restricted, the Center may
make extracts of the records available in a disclosure-free
version, also known as a public use file. This is
accomplished by creating an extract of the data without
the specific fields of information or records that make the
data restricted. If these procedures do not suffice, National
Archives regulations permit the release of
restricted records under certain conditions defined in
the appropriate portion of the _Code of Federal Regulations_
(36 CFR 1256.4).


What access and reference services does the Center provide for
its electronic records?

The reference service staff is available to assist researchers
between 8:45 a.m. and 5:15 p.m. Monday
through Friday. The Center's research room is in Room
18E of the National Archives Building, Pennsylvania
Avenue,  between Seventh and Ninth Streets N.W., Washington,
DC 20408.

The reference service staff of the Center provides
information about the Center's holdings and assists
researchers in finding those records that are most useful
for their projects. A number of finding aids describe the
holdings, including a _Partial and Preliminary Title List
of Holdings_. Persons seeking information about
electronic records should write to the address above or
telephone the reference staff at 202-501-5579.

     The Center's reference staff maintains active contact
with the data service offices of several federal agencies
and with public and private data centers across the
nation. Through these contacts and secondary sources,
the Center is aware of electronic records that are
available from the other sources and can help researchers locate
them.

The documentation for electronic records in the
Center's custody is available for use in the Center's
research room. Photocopies of documentation for electronic records
can be obtained either with the data or separately. In some
instances, the documentation is also available in electronic format
or microform.


     Copies of records in the Center's custody are available for
purchase by researchers on open reel magnetic tape. Electronic
records preserved by the Center are maintained in a format
compatible with contemporary technology. Most of the records
can be processed without reliance on any specific computer hardware
or software, except that access to a 9-track tape drive is needed.
The physical format of the 9-track tape--in terms of encoding
(EBCDIC or ASCII), internal labels (EBCDIC only), block size, and
recording density (1600 or 6250 bpi)--is created in accordance
with the user-specified technical requirements of the computer
installation at which the data set(s) will be processed.
     Fees for reproduction services are set solely to recover
costs involved in preparing and processing records for
distribution. A general fee schedule is available from the
Center and specific price quotations for potential orders that
take user needs into consideration are available upon request.
Prepayment is required for order from individuals; purchase orders
may be accepted from United States institutions and organizations.

Are there any limitations on the services provided by the Center?

Printouts (or dumps) of datasets, copies of datasets onto
electronic media other than computer tape (e.g., floppy disks,
CD-ROM), and extracts of datasets onto any media generally are
not available.  While the Center does not routinely produce
extracts, tabulations, or formatted printouts, it has created
them for a limited number of data sets related to records of
casualties of the Korean war and the Vietnam conflict. Information
on these can be requested using the form on the inside back cover
of this leaflet [see end of this file for the form].

for further information about the reference services offered by
NARA's Center for Electronic  Records contact the Center.

Reference Staff
Center for Electronic Records (NNX)
National Archives and Records Administration
Washington, DC 20408
202-501-5579
FTS-241-5579

     The electronic mail address is TIF@NIHCU.BITNET

REQUEST FOR FURTHER INFORMATION

I would like to receive the following information about NARA's
Center for Electronic Records:

_______Preliminary and Partial Title List of Holdings

_______Information about casualty lists related to the:
   ____Korean war
   ____Vietnam conflict

_______Information about a specific area of research:

____________________________________________

_______Description of Services and Fees

_______Other Assistance

Name:
Address:

Telephone: (   )

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 15 Jun 1993 06:55:27 EST
From:    Larry Jewell <jewell@MACE.CC.PURDUE.EDU>
Subject: INF: US National Archives on WWII

>From TIF@CU.NIH.GOV Tue Mar 17 08:42:34 1992

The following describes records in the
custody of the Center for Electronic Records relating to World War II.

Note that the following are descriptions of records in the custody of
the Center for Electronic Records.  Therefore, all records described
are computerized data files.  For information about military textual
records contact the Military Reference Branch (NNRM), National
Archives, Washington, DC 20408.  The telephone number is (202) 501-
5385.  For information about civilian agency textual records contact
the Civil Reference Branch (NNRC), National Archives, Washington, DC
20408.  The telephone number is (202) 501-5395.  For information about
textual records from the legislative branch of government, contact the
Legislative Reference Branch (NNLR), National Archives, Washington, DC
20408.  The telephone number is (202) 501-5350.  For information about
photographic records contact the Still Pictures Branch (NNSP), National
Archives, Washington, DC 20408.  The telephone number is (202) 501-
5455.  For information about motion pictures, newsreels, and sound
recordings contact the Motion Picture, Sound, & Video Branch (NNSM),
National Archives, Washington, DC 20408.  The telephone number is (202)
501-5449.  For information about cartographic records, military
installations, and ship plans contact the Cartographic & Architectural
Branch (NNSC), National Archives, Washington, DC 20408.  The telephone
number is (703) 756-6700.

In addition, the last few issues of PROLOGUE: QUARTERLY OF THE NATIONAL
ARCHIVES, have featured articles about WWII.  In many articles,
specific records in the custody of the National Archives are
highlighted.  To review copies of this publication, contact your local
reference library.  To obtain a copy of the current volume (Spring
1992, Volume 24, #1), send a check or money order for $3.00 payable to
the National Archives Trust Fund and send to Cashier, National
Archives, Washington, DC 20408.  Back issues are available from the
National Archives and from Kraus Reprint Co., Millwood, NY 10546.

RECORD GROUP 29: RECORDS OF THE BUREAU OF THE CENSUS

While not directly records relating to the war, the Census of
Population and Housing, 1940, Public Use Sample microdata files (20
subsample data files on two reels of magnetic tape) contain a
stratified 1% sample of households, with separate records for each
household, for each "sample line" respondent, and for each person in
the household.  These "public use" records are an extract of individual
and household responses to the 1940 Census of Population and Housing in
which all names and specific personal identifiers have been removed.
The 1940 collection consists of a total of 2,133,800 records: 391,034
household records, 391,034 "sample line" records, and 1,351,732 person
records.  Household records include information about the location and
composition of the household.  "Sample line" records contain
demographic characteristics identifying nativity, marital status,
number of children, veterans status, wage deductions for social
security, and occupation.  Person records contain such demographic
characteristics as nativity, marital status, family membership,
education, employment status, income, and occupation.

This data collection was assembled through a collaborative effort
between the U.S. Bureau of the Census and the Center for Demography and
Ecology of the University of Wisconsin.  The project was supported by
National Science Foundation Grant SES-7704135.  These data are also
available through the Interuniversity Consortium for Political and
Social Research (ICPSR) at the University of Michigan.


RECORD GROUP 210: RECORDS OF THE WAR RELOCATION AUTHORITY

Data from War Relocation Authority Form 26: Evacuee Summary Data
("Locator Index").  The Evacuee Summary Data data file contains
information about Japanese-Americans interned in 10 camps during World
War II by the War Relocation Authority (WRA).  The original information
was collected on WRA Form 26, coded by employees of the WRA, and
keypunched by the agency.  Apparently, two sets of punch cards were
created: one set is in the custody of the National Archives, and the
second was deposited at the Bancroft Library of the University of
California at Berkeley following the termination of the WRA.  (See _WRA
Preliminary Inventory #77_, Entry #23 (National Archives: Washington, DC,
1955) and _Japanese American Evacuation and Resettlement: Catalog of
Material in the General Library_ (1958, University of California)).  The
punch cards in the possession of the National Archives are apparently the
original set produced by the WRA, based on the opinion of Dr. John Modell
of Carnegie Mellon University, Department of History.  In addition, the
punch cards in the National Archives were manually annotated by the WRA
during the period of the camps, with information about internees aliases,
date of departure and place of destination, and other uncoded
information.  According to Dr. Modell, the punch cards deposited at
Berkeley did not contain such additional information and were a copy of
the "original" punch cards that remain in the custody of the U.S.
Government at the National Archives.  For information about the National
Archives set of punch cards, contact the Civil Reference Branch (NNRC),
National Archives, Washington, DC 20408.  The telephone number is (202)
501-5395.

The punch cards at Berkeley, i.e. the second set, were "read" to tape
during the 1960's under the direction of Dr. Modell.  Following
Congressional enactment in the 1980's of a program to distribute
reparations to former WRA internees, the Civil Rights Division,
Department of Justice acquired a copy of the dataset from U.C. Berkeley.
The Justice Department subsequently transferred its copy to the National
Archives.  This is the data file currently in the custody of the Center
for Electronic Records of the National Archives.  The National Archives
set of punch cards were apparently never "read" to tape.  Therefore,
persons wishing to compare the National Archives punch cards to the
electronic data file should be aware of potential inconsistencies and/or
gaps in the information.  There are 109,400 records in the electronic
file.

RECORD GROUP 330:  RECORDS OF THE OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE

Textual records and electronic records from "The American Soldier"
Surveys are described in National Archives Reference Information Paper
78.  A copy of the paper is available from the Center for Electronic
Records (NNX), ATTN: Reference Staff, National Archives, Washington, DC
20408.  The staff can be reached at (202) 501-5579 or via bitnet at
TIF@NIHCU.BITNET.

"The American Soldier in World War II" is a large set of surveys of
opinion conducted among U.S. Army personnel during the war by the Army
Research Branch (ARB) of the Army Service Forces.  The range of subjects
studied via these surveys is impressive.  They include race relations;
the enemy; training; the U.S. Army's own publications, broadcasts, and
films; our allies; combat experience; the role of women in the military;
and the quality of the "demobilization experience."  As a large-scale
sociological survey of opinion, "The American Soldier in World War II"
occupies a special place in the history of such activities and also
represents a rather remarkable and timely change in the manner in which
the U.S. military establishment approached some of its personnel
management issues.

The raw data from the surveys initially were stored on the dominant
medium for automation in the 1940's, computer punch cards.  Samuel
Stouffer, a civilian employee of the ARB, upon leaving in 1946 for
Harvard University, obtained a duplicate set of punch cards for 84
unclassified surveys.  The data he copied formed the basis of his
publication "Studies on Social Psychology in World War II."  The data he
did not copy dealt with experimental research, in-house operations and
special problems, psychoneurotic and medical problems, and attitudes
toward allies and subgroups within the military forces and American
society.

A duplicate set of the data Stouffer had used was deposited with the
Roper Center, following his death in 1960.  In 1978, the Army Research
Institute (ARI) contracted with the Roper Center to copy the punch cards
to tape and to produce machine readable documentation.  At ARI's request,
the Roper Center provided a copy of the data and documentation to the
National Archives.

The computer tape on which the raw data from the surveys is stored also
contains documentation data files, arranged sequentially by survey
number.  All of these documentation data files are together at the
beginning of the tape and are followed by the raw data, also arranged by
survey number.  Addition documentation, in the form of codebooks,
explanations of sampling techniques, and methods of measurement, field
notes, marginalia, original questionnaires, statements of purpose, and
related reports, is among the textual holdings of the National Archives.
Contact the Military Reference Branch (NNRM), National Archives,
Washington, DC 20408 for information about these holdings.  The telephone
number is (202) 501-5385.  Selected pages from these textual records have
also been incorporated as supplementary documentation for the electronic
record version.

The studies available from the National Archives in electronic form are
listed in Appendix A of Reference Information Paper 78.  There are 84
such studies, composed of 275 data files (137 of Machine-readable
documentation and 138 of survey data).


RECORD GROUP 389:  RECORDS OF THE OFFICE OF THE PROVOST MARSHAL GENERAL

As part of a study of former prisoners of war during the late 1970's,
(see "POW: Study of Former Prisoners of War", GPO# 1980 0-626-869/2243,
184 pp.), the Veterans Administration created two electronic data files
from punchcard records in the custody of the Textual Division of National
Archives.  The punchcards borrowed by the Veterans Administration for
their study were from a large collection of records on U.S. and other
prisoners of war held by the Germans and Japanese during World War II.
The punchcard records had been created by the War Department during the
course of World War II and were transferred to the National Archives from
the Office of the Provost Marshal as part of a series of records relating
to prisoners of war, 1941-46.  The two data files are known as:
  a.) U.S. Military Personnel Returned Alive, World War II, European
      Theater (N = 85,541);

  b.) U.S. Military Personnel Returned Alive, World War II, Pacific
      Theater (N = 19,202).

Punchcards of records for prisoners of war (military and civilian) who
died in camp, for those who escaped, who were civilians or non-U.S.
citizens, for some who were returned after having been missing, and
possibly other categories of persons for whom the War Department had
created a punchcard record (AGO Form No. 326, 15 April 1944), were not
borrowed for the Veterans Administration study.  Thus those punchcards
were not copied to an electronic medium, and the information they contain
is available only from the punchcards.  In addition, a review of the
records of the European Theater electronic dataset indicates that some
records for former POWs whose last name began with the letters V, W, X,
Y, and Z (and perhaps others) were not successfully read to tape and are
also excluded from the dataset.

The War Department punchcards, and hence the records of the electronic
data files listed above, include the following data elements: service
number, name, grade (and grade code), arm of service (and its code), date
reported, racial group, U.S. state of residence, type of organization,
parent unit, casualty area, date of latest report, source of report,
status, detaining power, place of detention, and whether the POW was on
a Japanese ship that sank, or if he died during transport to the
Phillippine Islands.

For more information on these records or general information about our
holdings, please contact us directly at TIF@NIHCU.BITNET or the Center
for Electronic Records (NNX), Reference Services Staff, National
Archives, Washington, DC  20408.  The telephone number is (202) 501-5579.

Ted Hull
Center for Electronic Records
National Archives
(202) 501-5579

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 15 Jun 1993 08:14:03 -0500
From:    Larry Jewell <jewell@MACE.CC.PURDUE.EDU>
Subject: Re: 50th Anniv of Normandy Invasion

Seen on soc.veterans:

>The 50th Anniversary of the Normandy Invasion will take next June.
>Any word on reunions, celebrations, memorials, events, and/or tours?
>

I am Director of the Chatback Trust and we run educational
exchanges between schools all over the world. I am planning
a project called MEMORIES OF WAR which will encourage school
children to invite veterans into their classrooms to talk
about their experiences and attitudes while in the UK during
the build-up to the Normandy landings.  These will be shared
with schools in France, Germany, Belgium, England, Canada
South AFrica, Australia, America.

The emphasis will be on contacts with civilian people and
places remembered, rather than military matters. I am also
hoping to get a good response from German citizens (so I'm
sure you will understand that it won't be an opportunity
to elaborate on past hurts...).

If you would like to know more, or if you have any comments
on the above, I would be very pleased to hear from you.

+--------------------------+
! Tom Holloway             !
! t.holloway@warwick.ac.uk !
! Royal Leamington Spa, UK !
+--------------------------+

Larry J
--
#L.W. Jewell WWII-L Listowner JEWELL@MACE.CC.PURDUE.EDU
#"Sunday's horoscope is note worthy because of its strange, sudden and wholly
#unpredictable and inexplicable occurrences, affecting all phases of life."
#"Your Horoscope" L.A. Evening Herald Express, Sat, 12/06/41  #

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 15 Jun 1993 09:38:54 -0500
From:    "Sidney W. Kitchel" <kitchel@OCTOPUS.DPSI.COM>
Subject: GEN: Aircraft photos on CDs from Nat. Air and Space Museum

        Here's a message I got from the NASM in D.C. concerning photos
on CDs. John Sherwood requested that I send it out on the list so
others will see the phone number to call.


Joanne Gernstein writes:
|-> From <@SIVM.SI.EDU:NASAER03@SIVM.SI.EDU> Mon Jun 14 13:49:52 1993
|-> Comments:     Converted from PROFS to RFC822 format by PUMP V2.2
|-> Date:         Mon, 14 Jun 93  14:44:30 EDT
|-> From: Joanne Gernstein <NASAER03@sivm.si.edu>
|-> Subject:      Photographs
|-> To: <kitchel@cs.indiana.edu>
|->
|-> To: Sidney Kitchel
|-> From: Joanne Gernstein
|->       Assistant Curator
|->       Aeronautics Department
|->       National Air and Space Museum
|->
|-> John Sherwood forwarded your inquiry about photographs on CD-Rom to me.
|-> Please call the NASM library at 202-357-3133.  Someone there will be able to
|-> answer your questions about ordering photographs and purchasing CD Roms.
|->
|-> Good luck, Joanne Gernstein

                                                        --Sid
--
Sidney W. Kitchel           kitchel@cs.indiana.edu, kitchel@dpsi.com
Data Parallel Systems, Inc.  ============||  DPSI  ||===============
4617 E. Morningside Drive                             (812) 334-8100
Bloomington, Indiana,  47408  USA               FAX:  (812) 334-8121

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 15 Jun 1993 10:43:05 EDT
From:    Andree Webb <ISALW@EMUVM1.BITNET>
Subject: Battle of Britain & The Blitz

Can someone help me with a reference ? I know I read somewhere that one
reason the Germans turned their attention away from Britain and to the
Soviet front was that they had been unable to get the RAF off the ground
to destroy it. From what I was able to find on the subject yesterday from
various sources it seems that while the RAF did get off the ground to
fight to protect their air-fields they did in fact hold back and let
London take a pounding, rather put their planes at risk, once the Germans
had made the shift to mainly bombing cities in place of strategic targets
as they had started out doing.
It's the part about the RAF not fully engaging the enemy that I wanted to
verify as when I mentioned this to a WWII veteran (British) he didn't
find it credible.

Thanks,
Andree Webb.

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 15 Jun 1993 10:56:20 EDT
From:    "Earl W. Reynolds, Jr." <WREYNOLD@VUNET.VINU.EDU>
Subject: Thanks

Thanks for posting the archive site & related info.

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 15 Jun 1993 11:13:45 CDT
From:    "Robert J. Granvin" <rjg@UMNSTAT.STAT.UMN.EDU>
Subject: Re: Battle of Britain & The Blitz

> Can someone help me with a reference ? I know I read somewhere that one
> reason the Germans turned their attention away from Britain and to the
> Soviet front was that they had been unable to get the RAF off the ground
> to destroy it. From what I was able to find on the subject yesterday from
> various sources it seems that while the RAF did get off the ground to
> fight to protect their air-fields they did in fact hold back and let
> London take a pounding, rather put their planes at risk, once the Germans
> had made the shift to mainly bombing cities in place of strategic targets
> as they had started out doing.
> It's the part about the RAF not fully engaging the enemy that I wanted to
> verify as when I mentioned this to a WWII veteran (British) he didn't
> find it credible.

At the end of the Battle of Britain the main problem was not airplanes,
but pilots (though there was an aircraft problem as well... :-).  Although
outnumbered, the British kept putting up fighter after fighter after
fighter.  The latter stage pilots were going up with only the most
rudimentary of training.  In fact, the pilot capability was getting so
depleted that the aircraft factories, as pounded as they were, were
producing more airplanes than the country was producing pilots.

Certainly there were cases of planes sitting on the ground, but there
was certainly nothing "held back."  In fact, some of the totally
inexperienced and barely trained crews that went up and fought with
vigor is a testimonial to not holding anything back...

As far as London, it was off limits (as was Berlin) until a bomb squadron,
off course, accidentally bombed the city.  From that point on, the
"gentleman's agreement" to leave both cities alone was over.  Berlin, with
all of its defenses, also took a beating.  The German's certainly didn't
hold anything back in the defense of the city...

--
Robert J. Granvin                                    Southern Minnesota Wing
rjg@stat.umn.edu                                       Confederate Air Force
  You know you've made a gear-up landing when it takes full power to taxi.

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 15 Jun 1993 12:24:37 EST
From:    Larry Jewell <jewell@MACE.CC.PURDUE.EDU>
Subject: Re: Thanks

>
> Thanks for posting the archive site & related info.
>
And thanks to Mike McCarthy, moderator at byrd.mu.wvnet.edu, who has agreed
to store the WWII-L digests.  The digest option went on-line in April and
I've been saving the daily mails into monthly files.  These will be stored
in a directory at "byrd" on a space-available basis.

Larry J

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 15 Jun 1993 13:41:09 -0500
From:    "Sidney W. Kitchel" <kitchel@OCTOPUS.DPSI.COM>
Subject: Re: GEN: Aircraft photos on CDs from Nat. Air and Space Museum

Sidney W. Kitchel writes:
|->
|->         Here's a message I got from the NASM in D.C. concerning photos
|-> on CDs. John Sherwood requested that I send it out on the list so
|-> others will see the phone number to call.
|->
|->
|-> Joanne Gernstein writes:
|-> |-> From <@SIVM.SI.EDU:NASAER03@SIVM.SI.EDU> Mon Jun 14 13:49:52 1993
|-> |-> Comments:     Converted from PROFS to RFC822 format by PUMP V2.2
|-> |-> Date:         Mon, 14 Jun 93  14:44:30 EDT
|-> |-> From: Joanne Gernstein <NASAER03@sivm.si.edu>
|-> |-> Subject:      Photographs
|-> |-> To: <kitchel@cs.indiana.edu>
|-> |->
|-> |-> To: Sidney Kitchel
|-> |-> From: Joanne Gernstein
|-> |->       Assistant Curator
|-> |->       Aeronautics Department
|-> |->       National Air and Space Museum
|-> |->
|-> |-> John Sherwood forwarded your inquiry about photographs on CD-Rom to me.
|-> |-> Please call the NASM library at 202-357-3133.  Someone there will be able to
|-> |-> answer your questions about ordering photographs and purchasing CD Roms.

        Well, I called the number and got some disappointing (for me)
information. The NASM library has one (1) CD-ROM, _Jane's All the
World's Aircraft_. It is for use on site only. The NASM Archives in
the same location has a series of video disks (not CD-ROM) that depict
aircraft through history.
        Anyone interested in photos on video disk can call Dana Bell
of the NASM Archives at the 202-357-3133 number. I'm pretty convinced
that video disks won't fit in my CD-ROM drive.

                                                        --Sid
--
Sidney W. Kitchel           kitchel@cs.indiana.edu, kitchel@dpsi.com
Data Parallel Systems, Inc.  ============||  DPSI  ||===============
4617 E. Morningside Drive                             (812) 334-8100
Bloomington, Indiana,  47408  USA               FAX:  (812) 334-8121

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 15 Jun 1993 15:23:00 EDT
From:    John Sherwood <WG015C@GWUVM.BITNET>
Subject: Re: USAMHI

FYI on Carlisle from John Sherwood

----------------------------Original message----------------------------
Thank you for your information request

An index of the available information can be obtained by mailing to
info-request@carlisle-emh2.army.mil with a Subject: line containing
only the word "index"
i.e.
        Subject: index

-----USAMHI-----


                        U.S. ARMY MILITARY HISTORY INSTITUTE

                                       REFBIBS

          Welcome to the U.S. Army Military History Institute's automated
          version of reference bibliographies, notes, brief reports, and
          various lists collectively known as "refbibs."  Refbibs identify
          and organize by subject, sources on file at the Institute, many
          of which are unique or scarce.  By design, refbibs are working
          lists that should be considered indicative, not exhaustive, of
          the source materials held at the MHI.  They are continuously
          expanded, updated, and refined as more materials are received,
          organized and cataloged.

          To transfer any refbib or information file to your computer, send
          an electronic mail message to "info@carlisle-emh2.army.mil".  In
          the subject field of the message, enter the electronic filename
          of the refbib you wish to transfer followed by the four-digit
          extension ".asc".  Leave the text portion of your mail message
          blank and send the message as you normally would.  When the
          message is received at Carlisle Barracks, the automatic response
          system will locate the requested file and send a copy back to
          you.  Upon receipt in your electronic mailbox, you may transfer
          the file into your local word processor and edit as desired.
          (All refbib and information files are ASCII text files).  You
          must send a separate electronic mail message for each refbib you
          wish to transfer.

          Before attempting to transfer a refbib to your computer, you may
          wish to transfer one or more of the following information files
          to assist you in identifying and using the refbib(s) you require.
          If you are a frequent user of refbibs, you are encouraged to
          download the pertinent Table of Contents files on a quarterly or
          semi-annual basis.


          Table of Contents     These files, one for each letter of the
          Files                 alphabet, will assist you in determining
            (A.asc thru         the contents and electronic filename of
                Z.asc)          refbibs.  Each is identified as a single
                                letter of the alphabet followed by the
                                extension ".asc".  For example, if you are
                                interested in the subject, "Afghanistan,"
                                transfer the "A.asc" file to your computer.
                                In that file, you will find listed:

                                AFGHANISTAN (afghan)
                                  First Afghan War, 1839-42.............p.2
                                  Second Afghan War, 1878-1880..........p.3
                                  Afghan-Soviet Conflict, 1979-1989.....p.4


                                NOTE: The name in parenthesis in lower
                                case, in this example (afghan), is the
                                electronic filename to use when
                                transferring the actual file to your
                                computer.


          ABBREV.asc            This file contains a listing of special
                                abbreviations and acronyms used
                                in preparing refbibs excluding common
                                abbreviations like "vol" for volume
                                or "U.S." for United States.


          Keyword Files         These files, one for each letter of the
                                alphabet, will assist you in determining
           (keyA.asc thru       which refbibs contain information on a
              keyZ.asc)         particular subject.  These files begin with
                                the lower-case word "key" followed by the
                                uppercase letter of the alphabet, plus the
                                usual suffix ".asc".  (as in keyA.asc,
                                keyB.asc, keyC.asc, etc.).  For example,
                                if you wish to learn which refbib lists
                                sources on "tank destroyers", transfer the
                                "keyT.asc" file to your computer.  In that
                                file, you will find that sources on "tank
                                destroyers" are contained in the "armor4"
                                file, which can then be transferred to
                                your computer.  For more details on the
                                keyword files, transfer the "keyintro.asc"
                                file to your computer.


          Further information on the contents of refbibs can be obtained
          from the Reference Branch, USAMHI, Carlisle Barracks, PA  17013-
          5008.


                Telephone: (717) 245-3611 or DSN 242-3611
                DDN Address: vetockd@carlisle-emh2.army.mil


          For technical assistance with transferring refbibs, contact the
          Systems Division:

                Telephone: (717) 245-4565 or DSN 242-4565
                DDN Address: davisk@carlisle-emh2.army.mil

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 15 Jun 1993 15:52:55 EDT
From:    John Sherwood <WG015C@GWUVM.BITNET>
Subject: Re: GEN: Aircraft photos on CDs from Nat. Air and Space Museum

I believe the WWII USAF photo collection is on one of those
video disks that Sidney was speaking of.  Too bad about the CD rom
issue, my mistake. Appologies

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 15 Jun 1993 16:10:51 EDT
From:    Michael Cotter <LBCOTTER@ECUVM1.BITNET>
Subject: REF: New books, 6/14/93

These reference books came through this week, so I thought that I'd post the
list.  Yes, I know that the full bibliographic information is not here, but ...
The OCLC control number is listed for library cataloging information.

Reference guide to European historical biography, 1450-present. Ed., James A.
Moncure.  Wash., DC: Beacham Pub., 1992-  4v. to date  (To be in 8 v.?)
OCLC: 25508745

Ogorkiewicz, Richard M.  Technology of tanks.  Coulsdon, Surrey ; Alexandria,
Va. : Jane's Information Group, 1991.  2 v.  OCLC: 23964639

Beaver, Paul.  World naval aviation.  Coulsdon, Surrey ; Alexandria, Va. :
Jane's Information Group, 1989.  178 p.  OCLC: 22529429

Antiquarian, specialty,  and used booksellers : a subject guide and directory :
1993.  Eds., James M. Ethridge and Karen Ethridge.  Detroit, Mich. : Omnigra-
phics, 1993.  523 p.  OCLC: 27339254  (Informative and extensive listing,
with information about each bookseller, as available, on scope of collection,
special services, catalogs, etc.  Subject index has 2 pages under "Military"
heading.  Another index is arranged geographically.)

Happy reading!

Michael Cotter
Documents Librarian
Joyner Library
East Carolina University
Greenville NC 27858
919/757-6533

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 15 Jun 1993 16:49:16 EST
From:    Larry Jewell <jewell@MACE.CC.PURDUE.EDU>
Subject: INF: BB Timeline...

Hi, I've uploaded a timeline to use the Chronos Timeline program to the
/pub/history/submissions subdirectory of byrd.mu.wvnet.edu.

This timeline is for US battleships from 1983 to present.  It shows date
keel was lain, date ship was removed from service, and class ship belonged
in.  Nothing miraculous but of some possible use to naval hysterians like
me :-).

The file name is bblife.ch1 and is a text file.  It's readable by any
wordprocessor as well as the Chronos program, so those without it can read
the file and should have little problem figuring out the format.  If you
don't find it in the above directory, look in
/pub/history/maritime/american_battleship_dir.

One note: there are 20 categories for classes of shipes and we had 22 that
needed to be named so I had be somewhat creative with that facet, so if
it's not self-evident how I handled it, let me know and I'll work on the
problem.

(Chronos can be found in the utilities subdirectory as chrnos.zip. Check it
out :-)!

Larry J

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 15 Jun 1993 15:11:57 GMT
From:    Duncan Aldrich <duncan@UNR.EDU>
Subject: Re: Thanks

Michael:

Thanks for the info on WWII docs etc.

duncan

------------------------------

End of WWII-L Digest - 14 Jun 1993 to 15 Jun 1993
*************************************************

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Status: O

There are 10 messages totalling 925 lines in this issue.

Topics of the day:

  1. Contact Andree Webb
  2. USAAF 16 JUN 43
  3. Getting into Carlisle (2)
  4. ARC: Digest Storage Site
  5. SMH
  6. <No subject given>
  7. B.asc
  8. E.asc
  9. U.asc

----------------------------------------------------------------------

Date:    Wed, 16 Jun 1993 09:19:40 +0200
From:    Chris Scogings <cscoging@UNPCS1.CS.UNP.AC.ZA>
Subject: Contact Andree Webb

Apologies to the list.

Andree, please contact me - my mail to you keeps bouncing.

Chris
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Chris Scogings                      Voice: (27) 331 955645
Computer Science Dept                 Fax: (27) 331 955599
University of Natal
Pietermaritzburg                   E-Mail:cscoging@unpcs1.cs.unp.ac.za
----------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

Date:    Wed, 16 Jun 1993 07:12:29 -0400
From:    jem3@CC.BELLCORE.COM
Subject: USAAF 16 JUN 43

COMBAT CHRONOLOGY OF THE US ARMY AIR FORCES
WEDNESDAY, 16 JUNE 1943
FTP SITES
  1. ftp.rutgers.edu in directory pub/wwii/usaf
  2. byrd.mu.wvnet.edu (129.71.32.152) in pub/history/military/airforce/
     wwii_chronology

AIRCRAFT MENTIONED IN THIS REPORT:
  A-20, Douglas Havoc
  B-24, Consolidated Liberator
  B-25, North American Mitchell
  C-47, Douglas Skytrain

AMERICAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Sixth Air Force)
  The 25th and 395th Bombardment Squadrons (Heavy), 40th Bombardment Group
(Heavy) begin a movement from Howard Field, Canal Zone to the US. The
squadrons will transition to B-29's and transfer to India in Apr 44.

EUROPEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Eighth Air Force)
  The 566th Bombardment Squadron (Heavy), 389th Bombardment Group (Heavy)
arrives at Hethel, England from the US with B-24's.

MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Northwest African Air Force)
    Northwest African Photographic Reconnaissance Wing continues coverage
of areas of mainland Italy, Sicily, and Sardinia.
    HQ 313th Troop Carrier Group and it's 29th, 47th and 49th Troop Carrier
Squadrons transfer with C-47's from Oujda, French Morocco to Kairouan,
Tunisia.

SOUTH PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Thirteenth Air Force)
  Search aircraft report nearly 250 Japanese airplanes at Rabaul on New
Britain Island in the Bismarck Archipelago and other airfields jammed with
aircraft. In air action in the Solomon Islands, about 120 Japanese aircraft
converging on Allied vessels off Tulagi and Guadalcanal Islands in the
Solomon Islands are met by more than 100 Allied fighters (USAAF, Royal New
Zealand Air Force, US Navy and US Marine Corps). The skies over Savo and
Tulagi Islands, and Cape Esperance and Koli Point on Guadalcanal Island are
filled with dogfights and flak from ship and ground guns. The battle results
in the largest single-day Allied aerial victory of the Solomon Islands
campaign; 79 airplanes are claimed shot down by  Allied fighters, and AA
claims 17 more; 6 Allied fighters are lost. The Japanese succeed in damaging
3 ships (2 of which have to be beached) and cause considerable destruction
on Guadalcanal Island.

SOUTHWEST PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Fifth Air Force)
  B-25's bomb Koepang and Oeikoesi on Timor and, along with A-20's, hit
barges and shore targets at several points along the coasts of NE New Guinea
and New Britain Island in the Bismarck Archipelago.

SOURCES:
AIR FORCE COMBAT UNITS OF WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force History,
  Headquarters USAF, 1961, ISBN 0-912799-02-1
COMBAT SQUADRONS OF THE AIR FORCE, WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force
  History, Headquarters USAF 1982
THE ARMY AIR FORCES IN WORLD WAR II: COMBAT CHRONOLOGY, 1941-1945 by the
 Office of Air Force History, Headquarters USAF, 1973
THE MIGHTY EIGHTH WAR DIARY by Roger A. Freeman, ISBN 1-85409-071-2

Jack McKillop
USAF (Airways and Air Communications Service)
1955-59


----------------------------------------------------------------------
|  Jack McKillop      |  Those who have long enjoyed such privileges |
|  Bellcore           |  as we enjoy forget in time that men have    |
|  Piscataway, NJ     |  died to win them.     FDR                   |
|  USA                |  jem3@cc.bellcore.com                        |
----------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

Date:    Wed, 16 Jun 1993 09:25:00 EDT
From:    John Sherwood <WG015C@GWUVM.BITNET>
Subject: Getting into Carlisle

I am having difficulty getting the index to the electronic collections
at Carlisle.  I sent a message with the subject "INDEX," but did not
get an index.  I then sent a message to the info-request@carlisle-emh2.
army.mil with the subject "ABBREV," and received an error message as a
reply. Can anyone out there give me some pointers on how to get
the bibliographies available at Carlisle?

Best regards,

John Sherwood
wg015c@gwuvm.gwu.edu

------------------------------

Date:    Wed, 16 Jun 1993 11:14:14 EST
From:    Larry Jewell <jewell@MACE.CC.PURDUE.EDU>
Subject: Re: Getting into Carlisle

>
> I am having difficulty getting the index to the electronic collections
> at Carlisle.  I sent a message with the subject "INDEX," but did not
> get an index.  I then sent a message to the info-request@carlisle-emh2.
> army.mil with the subject "ABBREV," and received an error message as a
> reply. Can anyone out there give me some pointers on how to get
> the bibliographies available at Carlisle?

  Try using lower case when it shows in the instructions.  Carlisle's
computer is very fussy about case and I had endless frustration when I
first tried the system.  I've also found that the 12 hrs-3 day 'turn-
around time' is occasionally optimistic.

> Best regards,
>
> John Sherwood
> wg015c@gwuvm.gwu.edu
>

Larry J

------------------------------

Date:    Wed, 16 Jun 1993 11:30:30 EST
From:    Larry Jewell <jewell@MACE.CC.PURDUE.EDU>
Subject: ARC: Digest Storage Site

Hi, the WWII-L digest are now being stored at

byrd.mu.wvnet.edu

/pub/history/military/wwii/wwii-l_digests

and are stored by month.  The files are in plain text format and can
be retrieved by ftp.  If anyone is unfamiliar with the FTP protoccol,
send me a note and I'll send the help file to you.  I will also be
posting it with the Intro file which will have a reminder about the
archival site.

Thanks to Mike McCarthy and Marshall Univ. for the facilities!

Larry J

#L.W. Jewell WWII-L Listowner JEWELL@MACE.CC.PURDUE.EDU
#"Sunday's horoscope is note worthy because of its strange, sudden and wholly
#unpredictable and inexplicable occurrences, affecting all phases of life."
#"Your Horoscope" L.A. Evening Herald Express, Sat, 12/06/41  #

------------------------------

Date:    Wed, 16 Jun 1993 13:36:42 EDT
From:    John Sherwood <WG015C@GWUVM.BITNET>
Subject: SMH

Although I did not attend myself, I have received reports from two
separate people that the Society for Military Historians conference
at Kingston was rather dull.  Some of the papers given were not
even written with primary sources.  Did anyone on this list attend?
    If so, are there any spectacular papers that I should consider
reading?

Best regards,

John Sherwood
wg015c@gwuvm.gwu.edu

PS On a brighter note, I did hear that the Royal Canadian Military Academy
had nice souvenir coffee mugs!

------------------------------

Date:    Wed, 16 Jun 1993 20:40:17 EST
From:    ASATTERW@UCS.INDIANA.EDU
Subject: <No subject given>

SUBSCRIBE ann minde

------------------------------

Date:    Wed, 16 Jun 1993 22:17:46 EDT
From:    John Sherwood <WG015C@GWUVM.BITNET>
Subject: Re: B.asc

FYI: Files listed under B at Carlisle.  To access these files, send a
message to info-request@carlisle-emh2.army.mil with the filename in the
subject area.---------------Original message----------------------------
Thank you for your information request

An index of the available information can be obtained by mailing to
info-request@carlisle-emh2.army.mil with a Subject: line containing
only the word "index"
i.e.
        Subject: index

-----B.asc-----








                                  - B -

                            Updated 26 Mar 93


        BALKANS #1  (balkans)
               Balkans (to 1914)..........................p.2
               Balkans, WWI...............................p.6
                                                      ....p.12

        BALKANS #2   (balkans2)
               Balkans, 1919-39...........................p.2
               Balkans, WWII..............................p.3
               Balkans, Since 1945........................p.6
                                        ..................p.7

        BALLOONS #1   (balloon)
               U.S. Army Balloons.....................p.2
               Japanese Balloon Attacks on US, WWII...p.9
                                              ........p.12

        BALLOONS #2   (balloon2)
               Military Balloons (Chiefly Foreign)...p.2
               Military Airships/Dirigibles..........p.5
               Airship Roma Disaster, 1922...........p.8
                                            .........p.9

        BATTLES   (battles)
               Battles..............................p.2
               Various Battles Analyzed, Compared...p.4
                                            ........p.6

        BIOLOGICAL WARFARE   (biowar)
               Bibliograpies.............p.1
               Gen/Misc..................p.1
               Pre-WWII..................p.2
               WWII
                  Gen/Misc...............p.3
                  Japanese Experiments...p.3
               Since 1945................p.4
                                   ......p.6






        B                                                       p.2


        BOER WAR, PT 1   (boerwar)
               Bibliographies....................p.1
               General Histories.................p.2
               Political Analysis................p.2
               Various Contemporaneous Views.....p.3
               Battles/Campaigns
                  General........................p.6
                  Siege of Ladysmith.............p.6
                  Siege of Mafeking..............p.6
                  Other..........................p.7
                                   ..............p.9

        BOER WAR, PT II   (boerwar2)
               British Forces
                  Gen/Misc................p.1
                  Strategy/Tactics........p.2
                  Units...................p.3
                  Logistics
                     Gen/Misc.............p.3
                     Transportation.......p.4
                  Medical.................p.4
                  Other Support/Services..p.6
                  Personal Narratives.....p.6
               South African Forces
                  Gen/Misc................p.8
                  Personal Narratives.....p.8
               Misc.......................p.9
                                   .......p.10

        BRAZIL   (brazil)
               Brazil and Foreign Wars...........p.2
               Brazilian Overseas Forces, WWII...p.3
                                   ..............p.6

        BRITAIN #1   (brit)
               Invasions of England..................p.2
               No of Field Guns, Eng, Late 19th......p.3
                                  ...................p.4






        B                                                       p.3


        BRITAIN #2   (brit2)
               General/Miscellaneous............................p.1
               Regiments & System...............................p.1
               New Model Army, 17th Century.....................p.3
               18th Century.....................................p.3
               19th Century.....................................p.4
                 - Early........................................p.5
                 - Purchase of Commission.......................p.5
                 - Late.........................................p.5
               20th Century.....................................p.7
                 - General/Miscellaneous........................p.7
                 - Early (to 1914)..............................p.7
                 - WWI..........................................p.8
                 - Between WWs..................................p.9
                 - WWII.........................................p.10
                 - Since 1945...................................p.10
                                                      ..........p.11

        BRITAIN #3   (brit3)
               Bantams, WWI...............p.2
               British Home Front, WWI....p.3
               Britain & WWII.............p.5
                               ...........p.9

        BROADCASTING (RADIO/TV)   (brdcast)
               Armed Forces Network (Radio & TV)...p.2
               Radio Broadcasting, US Army.........p.3
               Tokyo Rose..........................p.4
                           ........................p.5

        BUILDINGS/QUARTERS   (bldg)
               Military Architecture:  Gen/Misc...p.2
               Mil-Related Bldgs & Structures.....p.4
               Quonset Huts.......................p.5
               Canvas Buildings, 1850s............p.6
                                ..................p.7

        BUILDINGS/QUARTERS   (bldg2)
               Barracks & Furnishing..........p.2
               Family Housing & Furnishings...p.4
               Ranking Out of Qtrs Custom.....p.6
               Army Guest Houses..............p.7
                                ..............p.9

        BURIALS #1   (burial)
               Military & State Funerals............p.2
               Unknown US Servicemen................p.4
               Burial/Commemoration Amer War Dead...p.6
                                 ...................p.10






        B                                                       p.4


        BURIALS #2   (burial2)
               Disposition of CW Dead...........p.2
               CW Burials in Nat Cemeteries.....p.5
               Burials, 1898-1916...............p.7
               Disposition of Dead, WWI-1930s...p.8
               Return of US WWI Dead............p.12
                                 ...............p.13

        BURIALS #3   WWII   (burial3)
               US Army Disposition of the Dead, WWII...p.2
               US "Dishonored" Dead....................p.9
                                   ....................p.10

        BURIALS #4   (burial4)
               Burials Since 1950........p.2
               Vietnam War Memorial(s)...p.5
                                   ......p.6


------------------------------

Date:    Wed, 16 Jun 1993 22:25:57 EDT
From:    John Sherwood <WG015C@GWUVM.BITNET>
Subject: Re: E.asc

More on Carlisle holdings

----------------------------Original message----------------------------
Thank you for your information request

An index of the available information can be obtained by mailing to
info-request@carlisle-emh2.army.mil with a Subject: line containing
only the word "index"
i.e.
        Subject: index

-----E.asc-----








                                  - E -

                            Updated 09 Jun 93


        ECOLOGY   (ecology)
               Environmental Impact of War...p.2
                                      .......p.5

        ECONOMICS #1   (econ)
               Economic Warfare.................p.2
               Economics of War.................p.3
               US Defense Economy Since 1945....p.5
               Military-Industrial Complex......p.7
                                       .........p.10

        ECONOMICS #2   (econ2)
               Economic Causes of War................p.2
               Economic Costs of Wars................p.3
               Economic Impact of War/Mil Spending...p.4
               International Arms Sales..............p.6
                                       ..............p.9

        EL SALVADOR   (elsalv)
               El Salvador...p.2
                          ...p.6

        ELECTRONIC   (electron)
               Gen/Misc.........p.1
               WWII.............p.2
               Since 45.........p.2
                       .........p.5

        ELITE FORCES   (elite)
               Gen/Misc.................p.1
               Specializations..........p.2
               Specific Units/Nations...p.3

        ENGINEERS   (engr)
               US Army Corps of Engineers.....p.2
               18th Cent Monkey Bridge........p.7
               Light Ponton Companies, WWII...p.8
               Engr Dredging Crews, WWII......p.9
                                    ..........p.10

        ENGINEERS #2   (engr2)
               Topographical Engrs & West Exploration......p.2
               Sedgwick Expedition to Colorado, 1857.......p.5
                                                     ......p.6






        E                                                       p.2


        ENGINEERS #3a   (engr3a)
        List of Engr Doc Coll Unit-Related Materials (Pt 1 of 3):
               1st-60th....p.1
                        ...p.9

        ENGINEER #3b   (engr3b)
        List of Engr Doc Coll Unit-Related Materials (Pt 2 of 3):
               61st-406th....p.1
                         ....p.9

        ENGINEER #3c   (engr3c)
        List of Engr Doc Coll Unit-Related Materials (Pt 3 of 3):
               406th-8224th...p.1
                          ....p.9

        EQUIPMENT   (equip)
               Tentage............................p.2
               Lighting Devices, 19th Century.....p.4
               Odometers, 19th Century............p.5
               Shelter (Pup) Tents, 1865-90.......p.6
               Army Stoves, Late 19th Century.....p.8
               Equip Modifications in Field.......p.9
                                        ..........p.11

        ETHICS #1   (ethics)
               Military Ethics......................p.2
               History of Officer Ethics/Morality...p.7
                                        ............p.9

        ETHICS #2   (ethics2)
               Codes & Creeds...p.2
                          ......p.5

        ETHICS #3   (ethics3)
               Morality in War...........p.2
               The "Just War" Concept....p.4
                                  .......p.6






        E                                                       p.3


        ETHIOPIA   (ethiopia)
               Ethiopia........p.2
                       ........p.9

        ETHNICITY #1   (ethnic)
               Ethnicity & the Military..................p.2
               US Army & Immigrant Soldiers, 19th Cent...p.4
                                               ..........p.6

        ETHNICITY #2   Ethnic Groups & US Army   (ethnic2)
               Gen/Misc........................................p.1
               Armenian........................................p.2
               Black/African Amer (See separate bib)
               Chinese.........................................p.3
               English.........................................p.3
               French..........................................p.3
               German..........................................p.3
               Hispanic (See separate bib)
               Hungarian.......................................p.4
               Indian (See separate files)
               Irish (See separate bib)
               Italian.........................................p.5
               Jewish..........................................p.6
               Polish..........................................p.7
               Russian.........................................p.7
               Scandinavian....................................p.8
               Scotch..........................................p.8
               Other...........................................p.8
                                             ..................p.9

        ETHNICITY #2a   (ethnic2a)
               Irish in US Mil Hist......p.2
               Hispanics & US Army.......p.6
                                    .....p.8

        ETHNICITY #3   (ethnic3)
               Internment of Japanese-Americans, WWII.....p.2
               Security Personnel, Jap-Amer Camps, WWII...p.8
                                               ...........p.10

        ETHNICITY #3a   (ethnic3a)
               Jap-Amer, WWII...............p.2
               Jap Espionage, CA, 1939-43...p.5
                                ............p.7






        E                                                       p.4


        ETHNICITY #4   (ethnic4)
               Blacks & US Army Since 1775:  Gen/Misc...p.2
               Black War Casualties.....................p.4
                                            ............p.6

        ETHNICITY #5   (ethnic5)
               Blacks & Rev War, 1775-83.....p.2
               Blacks & Military, 1800-60....p.4
                                    .........p.7

        ETHNICITY #6   (ethnic6)
               Blacks & Civil War:  Military Perspective...p.2
               Excluding Blacks from CW Mil Service........p.7
               Conscripting Freedmen, 1863.................p.9
                                             ..............p.11

        ETHNICITY #6a   Black Soldiers, CW   (ethnic6a)
               Gen/Overview Black Soldier...p.1
               Recruiting...................p.3
               Organization & Training......p.4
               Officers/Command.............p.5
               Racial Relations & Justice...p.5
               Campaigning..................p.6
               Ft Pillow Massacre...........p.9
                              ..............p.10

        ETHNICITY #6b   Black Units, CW   (ethnic6b)
               Intro to Black Units, CW...p.1
               General Sources............p.2
               Unit Histories
                  USCT....................p.3
                  State Units.............p.5
                              ............p.7

        ETHNICITY #7   (ethnic7)
               Blacks & US Army, 1865-98.............p.2
               38th & 39th US Colored Inf, 1966-69...p.9
                               ......................p.10

        ETHNICITY #7a   (ethnic7a)
               Black Troops & SpAm War........p.2
               Blacks & US Army, 1898-1917....p.8
                                ..............p.12






        E                                                       p.5


        ETHNICITY #8   World War I   (ethnic8)
               Blacks & US Army, WWI........p.2
               Houston Riot, 23 Aug 1917....p.8
               French Directive, WWI........p.9
               Non-US Blacks & WWI..........p.10
               Black Home Front, US, WWI....p.11
                                    ........p.12

        ETHNICITY #8a   (ethnic8a)
               French Black Occupation Troops, 1920-21...p.2
               Blacks & US Army Between World Wars.......p.3
                                          ...............p.8

        ETHNICITY #9   Blacks & WWII   (ethnic9)
               Gen/Misc........................................p.1
               Mobilization/Training...........................p.2
               Intra-Service Racial Relations..................p.3
               Units:  Gen/Misc................................p.4
               Overseas Service
                  Italy........................................p.5
                  European Theater.............................p.6
                  Pacific Theater..............................p.8
               Army Air Forces
                  Gen/Misc.....................................p.8
                  99th Fighter Squadron........................p.8
                                                     ..........p10

        ETHNICITY #9a   (ethnic9a)
               Blacks in US Navy/Marines, WWII...p.2
               Black Units, Iwo Jima, WWII.......p.3
               Black Home Front, WWII............p.4
                                       ..........p.5

        ETHNICITY #10   (ethnic10)
               Blacks & US Army Since 1945....p.2
               Blacks & USN/USAF Since 1945...p.9
                                     .........p.10

        EXCHANGE SERVICE   (exchange)
               Sutlers/Post Traders.......p.2
               US Army Exchange Service...p.4
                                 .........p.7


------------------------------

Date:    Wed, 16 Jun 1993 22:37:24 EDT
From:    John Sherwood <WG015C@GWUVM.BITNET>
Subject: Re: U.asc

FYI Carlisle

----------------------------Original message----------------------------
Thank you for your information request

An index of the available information can be obtained by mailing to
info-request@carlisle-emh2.army.mil with a Subject: line containing
only the word "index"
i.e.
        Subject: index

-----U.asc-----






                                  - U -

                           Updated  02 Feb 93


        UNIFORMS #2   Foreign   (unform2)
               Foreign Uniforms, Chiefly 20th Cent......p.2
                                                 .......p.5

        UNIFORMS #3   US Uniforms   (unform3)
               General....................p.1
               Revolutionary War..........p.2
               1780s-1860.................p.4
               Civil War
                 Gen/Misc.................p.4
                 USA......................p.5
                 CSA......................p.5
               Late 19th Century..........p.6
               20th Century
                 Gen/Misc.................p.7
                 Early....................p.7
                 WWI......................p.8
                 WWII.....................p.8
                 Since WWII...............p.9
                  --KW Era................p.9
                  --Changeover to Green...p.9
                  --Vietnam...............p.9
                                  ........p.10

        UNIFORMS #3a   US Uniforms   (unform3a)
               From Blue to Khaki & OD, 1898-1912...p.2
               Dress Blues, 1936....................p.4
               US 1943 Combat/Field Uniform.........p.5
               QM Laundry Mark, WWII................p.6
               End of "Brown-Shoe" Army.............p.7
                                           .........p.8

        UNIFORMS #4   Specific Items, Various   (unform4)
               Eisenhower Jacket, WWII.............p.2
               US Army Footwear....................p.3
               Leather Belts.......................p.5
               Flag Arm Bands, WWII................p.6
               Leather Suspenders, Late 19th Cent..p.7
               Kilt-Wearing US Combat Units........p.8
                                            .......p.9






        U                                                       p.2


        UNIFORMS #5   Headgear   (unform5)
               Military Berets........p.2
               Drill Sergeant's Hat...p.7
               Steel Helmet...........p.8
                                  ....p.10

        UNIFORMS #7   Accoutrements   (unform7)
               The Soldier's Load.....................p.2
               Small Allies & US Standard Equipment...p.3
               Body Armor.............................p.5
               Protective Eye Gear....................p.7
               Webbed Gear............................p.8
                                              ........p.9

        UNIFORMS #9   Insignia:  Gen/Misc   (unform9)
               American Military Insignia......p.2
               Origins of Combat Cmdr's Tab....p.5
                                       ........p.6

        UNIFORMS #10   Insignia:  Grade/Rank   (unform10)
               US Grade Insignia Origins/Evolution...p.2
               Great Chevron Reversal, 1902..........p.3
                                             ........p.5

        UNIFORMS #11   Insignia:  Unit/Org   (unform11)
               US Army Shoulder Sleeve Insignia......p.2
               Origins of US Army Shoulder Patches...p.4
               SHAEF Shoulder Patch..................p.5
                                             ........p.6

        UNITED NATIONS   (un)
               United Nations........p.2
               Peacekeeping..........p.3
               MFO, Sinai............p.6
                    .................p.8

        UNITS #2   (units2)
               Unit Cohesion.............................p.2
               Examples of Extraordinary Unit Cohesion...p.5
                                                .........p.8

        UNITS #3   Force Structure   (units3)
               US Army Force Structure............p.2
                                           .......p.4






        U                                                       p.3


        UNITS #4   Large Units   (units4)
               Theater of Operations......................p.2
               The Army Group.............................p.3
               Armies, Field/Theater......................p.4
               The Corps:  Org, Doc & Cmd.................p.7
                                       ...................p.9

        UNITS #5   Divsions   (units5)
               Divs thru 1919..............................p.2
               Divs 1919-1945..............................p.3
               Divs Since WWII.............................p.5
               Pentomic Div................................p.7
               Vietnam-Era Divs............................p.8
                                   ........................p.9

        UNITS #5a   Divisions   (units5a)
               Division Slice & Tooth-Tail Ratio...........p.2
               Light Divisions, 1943-44....................p.4
               Light Infantry Division, Since 1945.........p.6
                                                   ........p.7

        UNITS #6   Regiments   (units6)
               British Rgts & System................p.2
               Rgtl Combat Team.....................p.4
                                       .............p.5

        UNITS #7   Below Regiment   (units7)
               The Squad.........p.2
               Squad Frontage....p.3
                             ....p.5

        US AIR FORCE   Since 1947   (usaf)
               USAF....................p.2
                               ........p.4

        US ARMY #1   Very Gen/Misc   (usarmy)
               US Army Institutional History:  Gen/Misc...p.2
                                                  ........p.4

        US ARMY #2   18th Century   (usarmy2)
               Levy Troops, 1791...........p.2
               Legion of the US, 1792-96...p.3
               US Army, Late 18th Century..p.5
               Quasi-War, 1798.............p.6
                                     ......p.7

        US ARMY #3   (usarmy3)
               US Army, 1800-60...p.2
                              ....p.5






        U                                                       p.4


        US ARMY #4   (usarmy4)
               US Army, 1865-98...p.2
                             .....p.5

        US ARMY #5   (usarmy5)
               US Army, 1898-1918...p.2
                              ......p.4

        US ARMY #6   (usarmy6)
               US Army Between World Wars...p.2
                                      ......p.6

        US ARMY #7   (usarmy7)
               US Army, 1939-45...p.2
                              ....p.4

        US ARMY #8   (usarmy8)
               US Army Since 1945...p.2
                                ....p.4

        US DEPT OF DEFENSE #1   (dod)
               General................p.1
               1941-1953..............p.2
               Since 1953.............p.3
               Miscellaneous..........p.5
                               .......p.6

        US DOD #2    (dod2)
               Unification of Armed Forces....p.2
               Roles/Missions of Arm Srvcs....p.4
                                   ...........p.9

        US NAVY   (usnavy)
               US Navy History - A Start..........p.2
               US Navy Historical Bits............p.3
               US Navy Uniforms...................p.4
               Seabees - Naval Construction Bns...p.5
               US Naval Aviation..................p.6
               List of Pertinent Bibs.............p.8
                                      ............p.9

        US WAR DEPT/DEPT OF ARMY   (wardept)
               US War Dept & Dept of Army.......p.2
               US War Dept/DA Seal/Placque......p.5
                                          ......p.6






        U                                                       p.5


        UTAH   (utah)
               Nauvoo Legion (Mormon)..............p.2
               Mormon Expedition, 1957-58..........p.3
               Mountain Massacre, 11 Sep 1857......p.5
                                  .................p.6

------------------------------

End of WWII-L Digest - 15 Jun 1993 to 16 Jun 1993
*************************************************

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Status: O

There are 6 messages totalling 198 lines in this issue.

Topics of the day:

  1. TRV.  i just called to say hello
  2. USAAF 17 JUN 43
  3. LIT: Company Commander (2)
  4. Help on Using Carlisle
  5. 50th's D-Day

----------------------------------------------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 17 Jun 1993 09:46:47 LCL
From:    Thanasis Zahariadis <CBDZ06HF@GRTHEUN1.BITNET>
Subject: TRV.  i just called to say hello

hi there ...
oh...i'm not thanasis,just a friend of his, kostas papakotas, a WWII-l old-
timer (last year)...i usually send my hello to the list, Larry and all the old-
timers (which of almost noone is left...)  any time i have access to an account

anyway,  the list is a bit down (exam time) but still informative...(got some
pretty new info on archives)

well,i hope the TRV flag is in place cos i{m not good anymore with the mailer
(and the keybord)

hey RJG how is miss mitchell? i have been trying to locate photos in the
various mags with no luck so far....

anyway have a good time all , best luck with the exams , and you WWII-l
historians be gentle with the kids *we always forget history, we are human,
not ftp-sites*, and of course have a nice cool , * hot*   summmer...

oh|   (have not found the other symbol on the fouled up keybord yet|)
please do not reply to this mail 'cos thanasis will get puzzled...

bye bye all,kostas (used to be EACZ02XE@GRTHEUN1) papakotas

------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 17 Jun 1993 07:04:20 -0400
From:    jem3@CC.BELLCORE.COM
Subject: USAAF 17 JUN 43

COMBAT CHRONOLOGY OF THE US ARMY AIR FORCES
THURSDAY, 17 JUNE 1943
FTP SITES
  1. ftp.rutgers.edu in directory pub/wwii/usaf
  2. byrd.mu.wvnet.edu (129.71.32.152) in pub/history/military/airforce/
     wwii_chronology

AIRCRAFT MENTIONED IN THIS REPORT:
  B-24, Consolidated Liberator
  B-25, North American Mitchell
  P-38, Lockheed Lightning
  P-40, Curtiss
  Wellington, Vickers (RAF)

CENTRAL PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Seventh Air Force)
  During the night of 17/18 Jun, 4 B-24's take off from Funafuti Atoll,
Ellice Islands at 2-hour intervals to bomb Tarawa Atoll in the Gilbert
Islands.  One aborts and another fails to find the target. The 2 heavy
bombers bombing the target hit runways, silence an AA battery, and blow up
an ammunition dump. The raid is a diversion in support of the first night
photo-reconnaissance mission by the VII Bomber Command, during which 3
B-24's photograph Mille Atoll in the Caroline Islands and nearby waters in
the Marshall Islands.

CHINA-BURMA-INDIA THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  CHINA (Fourteenth Air Force)
    P-40's strafe a warehouse and train S of Chiuchiang and a train N of
Nanchang, both in China. Road traffic E of Hanoi, French Indochina is also
attacked.

EUROPEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Eighth Air Force)
  HQ 4th Air Defense Wing transfers from Debden, England to Saffron Walden,
England. This unit will be redesignated 65th Fighter Wing on 7 Aug 43.
  The 567th Bombardment Squadron (Heavy), 389th Bombardment Group (Heavy)
arrives at Hethel, England from the US with B-24's.

MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Ninth Air Force)
    B-24's attack airfields at Biscariy and Comiso, Sicily.

  WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Northwest African Air Force)
    During the night of 16/17 Jun, Wellingtons bomb docks and a
marshalling yard at Naples, Italy.
    HQ 2d Bombardment Group (Heavy) and it's 20th, 49th and 96th Bombardment
Squadrons (Heavy) transfer with B-17's from Chateaudun-du-Rhumel, Algeria
to Ain M'lila, Algeria.

SOUTHWEST PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Fifth Air Force)
  B-25's administer a thorough pounding to the Madang and Salamaua, New
Guinea areas.  B-24's bomb Sorong, New Guinea and Boela, Moluccas Islands.
A single B-24 bombs the airfield at Cape Gloucester on New Britain Island
and, during the night of 17/18 Jun, a B-25 attacks power launches nearby,
sinking 1 and badly damaging 2 more.
  The 433d Fighter Squadron, 475th Fighter Group transfers with P-38's from
Charters Towers, Australia to Amberley Field, Townsville, Australia.

SOURCES:
AIR FORCE COMBAT UNITS OF WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force History,
  Headquarters USAF, 1961, ISBN 0-912799-02-1
COMBAT SQUADRONS OF THE AIR FORCE, WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force
  History, Headquarters USAF 1982
THE ARMY AIR FORCES IN WORLD WAR II: COMBAT CHRONOLOGY, 1941-1945 by the
 Office of Air Force History, Headquarters USAF, 1973
THE MIGHTY EIGHTH WAR DIARY by Roger A. Freeman, ISBN 1-85409-071-2

Jack McKillop
USAF (Airways and Air Communications Service)
1955-59


----------------------------------------------------------------------
|  Jack McKillop      |  Those who have long enjoyed such privileges |
|  Bellcore           |  as we enjoy forget in time that men have    |
|  Piscataway, NJ     |  died to win them.     FDR                   |
|  USA                |  jem3@cc.bellcore.com                        |
----------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 17 Jun 1993 07:33:00 -0400
From:    Kevin Kamphaus <USR5066A@CBOS.UC.EDU>
Subject: LIT: Company Commander

I just finished reading a good book called Company Commander by Charles
McDonald. Has anyone else read it? I thought it was a very good first person
account of the life of the infantry grunt. His story starts at the Siegfried
Line and ends in Czechoslovakia. The company he took over actually landed at
Normandy and fought their way through St.Lo and Brest before he took over. One
interesting part of the book was the "after the fact" explainations of what
was really happening as opposed to what they thought was happening.  It was
originally written in 1947. Did they make a movie of this one?:)

Kevin Kamphaus
usr5066a@cbos.uc.edu


------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 17 Jun 1993 07:46:45 EDT
From:    John Sherwood <WG015C@GWUVM.BITNET>
Subject: Help on Using Carlisle

As Larry Jewell mentioned, getting into the Carlisle treasure trove of
information is frustrating to say the least.  Here are a few pointers:
1. To get an index of topics which begin with a certain letter (let's
say B for the example), send a message to info-request@carlisle-emh2.army.mil
with the following subject: B.asc
2. Do not write anything in your message area.  In this respect Carlisle
is different from a listserv.
3. When you decide on a file you are interested in, send a message to
the same address with abbreviation for that subject.  For example, to
get a bibliography on blacks in the military after 1947, you would
enter the following in your subject heading: ethnic10.asc
4. Carlisle is very case sensitive!!! Be carefull.
Best Regards,
John Sherwood

------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 17 Jun 1993 07:41:43 EDT
From:    "AD16000@NEMOMUS.BITNET. --Scherrer,
         Tim A." <AD16%NEMOMUS.BITNET@MIZZOU1.MISSOURI.EDU>
Subject: LIT: Company Commander

_Company Commander_ is one of the books recommended for reading to all
Cadets, and Second Lieutenants in the US Army.  I found the book to be
very well done, and as much a good historical account as a leadership
lesson.  I don't think anyone has made a movie from it.  The Vietnam
book _Platoon Leader_ was made into a movie, however it did not come
close to the book.  Charles MacDonald, who wrote _Company Commander_
used to give tours of the Battle of the Bulge, and of the Western
European campaign.  I saw a documentary on it several years ago, and
swore I would go on the next one he did that I could afford.
Unfortunately, I think he diedabout three years ago, but I am not sure
about that.

Tim

************************************************************************
*  Tim A. Scherrer          "You'll be fighting WWII for the rest of   *
*  Facilities Supervisor     your life", Ron Scherrer, 1971            *
*  WP:816-785-5253                                                     *
*  HP:816-665-6704                                                     *
*  ID# AD16%NEMOMUS@ACADEMIC.NEMOSTATE.EDU                             *
************************************************************************

------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 17 Jun 1993 13:08:59 BRA
From:    "Silvio E. G. Melo" <COV90105@UFRJ.BITNET>
Subject: 50th's D-Day

      Please, send me informations about commemorations of 50th's D-Day.


      Thank's and advance.



                  Silvio E. G. Melo

------------------------------

End of WWII-L Digest - 16 Jun 1993 to 17 Jun 1993
*************************************************

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Subject:  WWII-L Digest - 17 Jun 1993 to 18 Jun 1993
To: Recipients of WWII-L digests <WWII-L@UBVM.cc.buffalo.edu>
Status: O

There are 4 messages totalling 185 lines in this issue.

Topics of the day:

  1. Greencastle IN V-1 (2)
  2. USAAF 18 JUN 43
  3. [carlisle-emh2 Mail System:  Failed mail (msg.aa08532)]

----------------------------------------------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 18 Jun 1993 12:55:39 EET
From:    "F.Baube[tm]" <flb@FLB.OPTIPLAN.FI>
Subject: Greencastle IN V-1

Hello,

My brother is going to Greencastle IN to see the V1, and he asks,

> Are any obvious features to distingush a
> 1) real V-1, from 2) a copy or 3) a Navy Dolphin ?


--
* Fred Baube (tm)   * "It is with narrow-souled people
* GU/MSFS/88        *  as with narrow-necked bottles:
* baube@optiplan.fi *  the less they have in them,
* #include          *  the more noise they make in
*    <disclaimer.h> *  pouring out." -- Alexander Pope

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 18 Jun 1993 07:09:34 -0400
From:    jem3@CC.BELLCORE.COM
Subject: USAAF 18 JUN 43

COMBAT CHRONOLOGY OF THE US ARMY AIR FORCES
FRIDAY, 18 JUNE 1943
FTP SITES
  1. ftp.rutgers.edu in directory pub/wwii/usaf
  2. byrd.mu.wvnet.edu (129.71.32.152) in pub/history/military/airforce/
     wwii_chronology

AIRCRAFT MENTIONED IN THIS REPORT:
  A-20, Douglas Havoc
  A-24, Douglas Dauntless
  B-17, Boeing Flying Fortress
  B-24, Consolidated Liberator
  B-25, North American Mitchell
  B-26, Martin Marauder
  P-38, Lockheed Lightning
  P-40, Curtiss

CENTRAL PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Seventh Air Force)
  The 58th Bombardment Squadron (Dive), Seventh Air Force begins a movement
from Wheeler Field, Territory of Hawaii to Canton Island in the Phoenix
Islands with A-24's.

MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Ninth Air Force)
    HQ 324th Fighter Group and it's 314th, 315th and 316th Fighter
Squadrons transfer with P-40's from Kairouan, Tunisia to El Haouaria,
Tunisia.

  WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Northwest African Air Force)
    B-17's strike the Messina, Italy ferry slip and railroad yards while
P-38's bomb the airfield at Milo, Sicily. B-26's and B-25's, with P-38
escort, hit docks and shipping at Olbia, Sardinia and shipping at Golfo
Aranci, Italy. Northwest African Tactical Air Force (NATAF) and  Northwest
African Coastal Air Force (NACAF) airplanes maintain patrol and
reconnaissance flights. Northwest African Air Force (NAAF) aircraft claim
over 40 aircraft destroyed.
    The 59th Fighter Squadron, 33d Fighter Group transfers with P-40's from
Sousse, Tunisia to Pantelleria Island in the Mediterranean.
    The 429th Bombardment Squadron (Heavy), 2d Bombardment Group (Heavy)
transfers with B-17's from Chateaudun-du-Rhumel, Algeria to Ain M'lila,
Algeria.

SOUTH PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Thirteenth Air Force)
  In the Solomon Islands,  B-24's bomb Kahili Airfield on Bougainville
Island while B-25's hit Ballale Island and strafe barges in Wilson Strait.

SOUTHWEST PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Fifth Air Force)
  B-25's bomb and strafe power launches off Cape Gloucester, New Britain
Island and Finschhafen, New Guinea, sinking 1 and damaging 2 near the
Cape. A single B-17 bombs Unea Island, Bismarck Archipelago while an A-20
on armed reconnaissance during the night of 18/19 Jun bombs and strafes
Salamaua, New Guinea and nearby coastal areas.

SOURCES:
AIR FORCE COMBAT UNITS OF WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force History,
  Headquarters USAF, 1961, ISBN 0-912799-02-1
COMBAT SQUADRONS OF THE AIR FORCE, WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force
  History, Headquarters USAF 1982
THE ARMY AIR FORCES IN WORLD WAR II: COMBAT CHRONOLOGY, 1941-1945 by the
 Office of Air Force History, Headquarters USAF, 1973
THE MIGHTY EIGHTH WAR DIARY by Roger A. Freeman, ISBN 1-85409-071-2

Jack McKillop
USAF (Airways and Air Communications Service)
1955-59


----------------------------------------------------------------------
|  Jack McKillop      |  Those who have long enjoyed such privileges |
|  Bellcore           |  as we enjoy forget in time that men have    |
|  Piscataway, NJ     |  died to win them.     FDR                   |
|  USA                |  jem3@cc.bellcore.com                        |
----------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 18 Jun 1993 07:33:07 CDT
From:    "Robert J. Granvin" <rjg@UMNSTAT.STAT.UMN.EDU>
Subject: Re: Greencastle IN V-1

> Hello,
>
> My brother is going to Greencastle IN to see the V1, and he asks,
>
> > Are any obvious features to distingush a
> > 1) real V-1, from 2) a copy or 3) a Navy Dolphin ?

Right away, the first thing one would say is "placarding."

A "real" V-1 will have placards on the body and engine (somewhere) that are
in German.  German placards do not, however, establish it as authentic as
a very good copy/replica will do that as well.  It does establish it as not
a Dolphin, though, as the Navy would not have put German placards on it.  :-)

After that, it's probably just a matter of knowing construction details and
having the opportunity to inspect them.

--
Robert J. Granvin                                    Southern Minnesota Wing
rjg@stat.umn.edu                                       Confederate Air Force
  You know you've made a gear-up landing when it takes full power to taxi.

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 18 Jun 1993 08:59:24 EDT
From:    John Sherwood <WG015C@GWUVM.BITNET>
Subject: [carlisle-emh2 Mail System:  Failed mail (msg.aa08532)]

I was cleaning out my files and found this useful explaination on how
to use the Carlisle system.  Enjoy!
----------------------------Original message----------------------------
To:       72162.777@compuserv.com
Subject:  refbibs
ORGANIZATION:  Library
OFC-SYM:  AWCSL
Autovon:  242-4704
Commercial:  (717) 245-4704

Although I no longer work at the U.S. Army Military History Institute, I
may be able to help you.  (I have moved just across the street to the U.S.
Army War College.)

Yes,it is possible to get the Institute's reference bibliographies
(refbibs) electronically.  They are ASCII files that can be accessed
through the electronic mail system.  Basically, you send a message to:
info@carlisle-emh2.army.mil and in the subject field enter the name of the
refbib you want.  Leave the text portion of the message blank and send it.
The mail system should return the refbib you requested to you.

The trick is to have the exact name of the refbib you want. It is case
sensitive also.  To start, I would recommend requesting a file called
USAMHI (all caps).  It explains how the refbibs are set up and how you can
find out electronically what files you would be interested in.  Send a
message to : info@carlisle-emh2.army.mil and in the subject field type:
USAMHI.

If you want to test for a real file, I believe there is one called
armor2.asc -- you could put that in the subject line and see if it returns
an armor bibliography to you.

All of the refbibs themselves will have a .asc extension, by the way, which
will be included in the subject line.  Examples: armor2.asc or armor3.asc
The only file that does not have the .asc extension is the USAMHI file.

I can give you the name of two folks who work on this for the Institute.
Dennis Vetock is in charge of the project.  His e-mail address is
vetockd@carlisle-emh2.army. mil and his phone is 717-245-3611.  Pat Wickard
is in charge of the e-mail part of refbibs.  Her e-mail is
wickarp@carlisle-emh2.army.mil and her phone is 717-245-4235.

I hope this is helpful to you.  If I can offer any more assistance, please
ask.

kd

----- End of forwarded messages

------------------------------

End of WWII-L Digest - 17 Jun 1993 to 18 Jun 1993
*************************************************

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There are 3 messages totalling 137 lines in this issue.

Topics of the day:

  1. NEW: BOOK-TALK - Discussions about upcoming books, cd's, and videos.
  2. NEW: BOOKNEWS - Reviews of upcoming books, cd's, and videos.
  3. WEA:  IJN SHALLOW RUNNING AERIAL TORPEDOS

----------------------------------------------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 17 Jun 1993 09:34:54 CDT
From:    Paul Raulerson <paulr@COLUMBIA.ILC.COM>
Subject: NEW: BOOK-TALK - Discussions about upcoming books, cd's, and videos.

BOOK-TALK on listserv@columbia.ilc.com - New Books Discussion

   BOOK-TALK is an open, umoderated discussion list featuring
   soon to be published book, cd, and video titles. Areas of
   interest can include, but are not limited to, series titles
   from particular publishers, author discussions, pricing,
   availability, out of print titles, and subjects such as
   electronic publishing.

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      INDEX BOOK-TALK

   in the BODY of an e-mail message to
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   This list is a free public service provided at no cost by
   Infinity Link Corporation.

------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 17 Jun 1993 09:51:47 CDT
From:    Paul Raulerson <paulr@COLUMBIA.ILC.COM>
Subject: NEW: BOOKNEWS - Reviews of upcoming books, cd's, and videos.

BOOKNEWS on listserv@columbia.ilc.com -  Reviews of New Titles

   BOOKNEWS is a moderated information list, in which are
   published reviews of upcoming books, cd's, and videos.
   ILC encourages members of this mailing list to submit
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   titles, but reserves the right to edit submissions to
   meet our format and content requirements. All submissions
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   Link Corporation.

------------------------------

Date:    Sat, 19 Jun 1993 11:26:09 MDT
From:    Steve Alvin <STEPHEN_ALVIN@DSU1.DSU.NODAK.EDU>
Subject: WEA:  IJN SHALLOW RUNNING AERIAL TORPEDOS

I am forwarding this message from  the MILHST-L.  Any help would be
apprciated.  Post answers to the list or directly to Mr. .Wernke
I have already pointed out that the standard torpedo bomber at Pearl
Harbor was the Nakajima B5N2 Kate.

 ------- Forwarded Message Follows -------

Date:          Sat, 12 Jun 1993 20:50:37 EST
Reply-to:      Military History <MILHST-L@ukanvm.bitnet>
From:          "TCWERNC@VCCSCENT.BITNET" <TCWERNC@vccscent.bitnet>
Subject:       IJN SHALLOW RUNNING AERIAL TORPEDOES
To:            Multiple recipients of list MILHST-L <MILHST-L@ukanvm.bitnet>

  Joseph Boeke note, 12 June 1993 , indicated that exact bibliographic info
  would follow, if additional data could be found. Was any data found ?

  Larry Jewell's note , 5 June 1993 ,  (Jewell@MACE.CC.PURDUE.EDU)
  recommendations have beennoted, and are greatly appreciated. Fortunately,
  I have both of the recommended primary sources.

  U.S.Naval Technical Mission to Japan, 1945-1946, No.0-01.2, part 1, page 7,
  stated : " Japanese aircraft torpedoes were not designed to meet
  requirements of specific airplanes,but instead, the aircraft were modified to
  suit the torpedo." Does existing information indicate the type and
  designation of this modified aircraft ?

  NOTE: MILHST-L@UKANVM.BITNET  Please send to: Multiple recipients of list
  MILHST-L@UKANVM.BITNET

  Sincerely,

  Carl Wernke
  Tidewater Community College
  State Route  135
  Portsmouth, Va  23703


Steve Alvin
Dickinson State University
STEPHEN_ALVIN@DSU1.DSU.NODAK.EDU
**********************************************************************
*Those who fail to remember history are doomed to repeat it.--Proverb*
*Those who fail to remember history are doomed to repeat my class.-SA*
**********************************************************************

------------------------------

End of WWII-L Digest - 18 Jun 1993 to 19 Jun 1993
*************************************************

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Subject:  WWII-L Digest - 19 Jun 1993 to 20 Jun 1993
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There are 2 messages totalling 63 lines in this issue.

Topics of the day:

  1. INF (needed): Lockheed Lodestar
  2. Revival of MENRSU

----------------------------------------------------------------------

Date:    Sun, 20 Jun 1993 13:14:14 CDT
From:    "Robert J. Granvin" <rjg@UMNSTAT.STAT.UMN.EDU>
Subject: INF (needed): Lockheed Lodestar

In less than 18 hours, it appears that we will find ourselves in
possession of a flying Lockheed Lodestar (well, it flew in the last
time it flew a few years ago and needs some TLC...)

Does anyone have a brief history on the aircraft type?  This one is
clearly configured as an airliner and does not have a cargo door.
Our initial thoughts are to first research its original history to
see if it had military service and as much research as possible if
it was in civilian service.

Secondly, we are interested in how the aircraft may have been used
in commercial aviation.  Did any commercial passenger airliners use
the aircraft in the early-mid 1940's?  (If so, any indications of
which ones?)  Finally, how it may have been used as Military Air
Transport (MATS).

Economics today are too important (arrrgh :-) to restorations, but the
thought is that a civilian airliner might be a better restoration in
this case than YAMR (Yet Another Military Restoration).  Part of the
whole scope of restoration is to bring back "what it was like back
when..."  There are too few civilian restorations flying.

[On that note, anyone have a Lodestar full of passenger seats?  This
one has been stripped... :-)]

Any information greatly appreciated...

--
Robert J. Granvin                                    Southern Minnesota Wing
rjg@stat.umn.edu                                       Confederate Air Force
  You know you've made a gear-up landing when it takes full power to taxi.

------------------------------

Date:    Sun, 20 Jun 1993 16:02:00 CDT
From:    Shawn Woodford <HAL9000@KSUVM.BITNET>
Subject: Revival of MENRSU

Dear interested E-MAIL members,


A publishing event of great import in military history is occurring --
after a hiatus of several years, the Military and Naval Encyclopedia of
Russia and the Soviet Union, published by Academic International Press,
is resuming publication.

As editor, I am currently looking for specialists who might want to
contribute. as i will be out of town until 26 July, please send all
enquiries to HAL9000@KSUVM.BITMAIL; after 26 July, BOKCU@KSUVM.

I hope that you will wish to join me in this important endeavour.

I look to hear from you soon.

Sincerely, John C. K. Daly, Assoc.   Professor, Russian History,
                                    Kansas State University

------------------------------

End of WWII-L Digest - 19 Jun 1993 to 20 Jun 1993
*************************************************

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From: Automatic digest processor <LISTSERV@UBVM.cc.buffalo.edu>
Subject:  WWII-L Digest - 20 Jun 1993 to 21 Jun 1993
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There are 6 messages totalling 608 lines in this issue.

Topics of the day:

  1. USAAF 19 JUN 43
  2. USAAF 20 JUN 43
  3. USAAF 21 JUN 43
  4. INF (needed): Lockheed Lodestar
  5. NATODATA INDEX 21/06/93
  6. INF: Lodestar Bummer

----------------------------------------------------------------------

Date:    Mon, 21 Jun 1993 07:06:33 -0400
From:    jem3@CC.BELLCORE.COM
Subject: USAAF 19 JUN 43

COMBAT CHRONOLOGY OF THE US ARMY AIR FORCES
SATURDAY, 19 JUNE 1943
FTP SITES
  1. ftp.rutgers.edu in directory pub/wwii/usaf
  2. byrd.mu.wvnet.edu (129.71.32.152) in pub/history/military/airforce/
     wwii_chronology

AIRCRAFT MENTIONED IN THIS REPORT:
  B-17, Boeing Flying Fortress
  B-24, Consolidated Liberator
  Beaufighters, Bristol (RAF)
  Wellington, Vickers (RAF)

CENTRAL PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Seventh Air Force)
  During the night of 18/19 Jun, 2 B-24's fly photo reconnaissance of
Jaluit Atoll in the Marshall Islands from Funafuti Atoll in the Ellice
Islands.

EUROPEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Eighth Air Force)
  During the month of June, the 40th Bombardment Wing arrives at
Brampton Grange, England from the US.

MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Ninth Air Force)
    In Italy, B-24's attack ferry and railroad yards at Villa San
Giovanni, ferries in the Straits of Messina, and the harbor of Reggio di
Calabria.

  WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Northwest African Air Force)
    During the night of 18/19 Jun, Northwest African Strategic Air Force
(NASAF) Wellingtons bomb Syracuse, Sicily. Northwest Tactical Air Force
(NATAF), Northwest African Coastal Air Force (NACAF), and Northwest
African Photographic Reconnaissance Wing airplanes maintain patrols and
reconnaissance over areas of N Africa, the Mediterranean, Sicily,
Sardinia, and mainland Italy.
    HQ 33d Fighter Group transfers from Sousse, Tunisia to Pantelleria
Island in the Mediterranean.
    HQ 325th Fighter Group and it's 318th and 319th Fighter Squadrons
transfer with P-40's from Souk-el-Khemis, Tunisia to Mateur, Tunisia.
    The air echelon of the 415th Night Fighter Squadron, Twelfth Air Force
with Beaufighters joins the ground echelon at La Senia, Algeria after
training in England.

SOUTH PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Thirteenth Air Force)
  During the night of 18/19 Jun, B-24's bomb Nauru Island in the Gilbert
Islands.

SOUTHWEST PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Fifth Air Force)
  B-17's and B-24's thoroughly pound Vunakanau Airfield on New Britain
Island. A-20's hit barges in Hanisch Harbor and a trail near the village
of Tamigudu, both in New Guinea. Single B-24's bomb the Finschhafen, New
Guinea area and the airstrip at Rapopo on New Britain Island.

SOURCES:
AIR FORCE COMBAT UNITS OF WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force History,
  Headquarters USAF, 1961, ISBN 0-912799-02-1
COMBAT SQUADRONS OF THE AIR FORCE, WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force
  History, Headquarters USAF 1982
THE ARMY AIR FORCES IN WORLD WAR II: COMBAT CHRONOLOGY, 1941-1945 by the
 Office of Air Force History, Headquarters USAF, 1973
THE MIGHTY EIGHTH WAR DIARY by Roger A. Freeman, ISBN 1-85409-071-2

Jack McKillop
USAF (Airways and Air Communications Service)
1955-59


----------------------------------------------------------------------
|  Jack McKillop      |  Those who have long enjoyed such privileges |
|  Bellcore           |  as we enjoy forget in time that men have    |
|  Piscataway, NJ     |  died to win them.     FDR                   |
|  USA                |  jem3@cc.bellcore.com                        |
----------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

Date:    Mon, 21 Jun 1993 07:11:22 -0400
From:    jem3@CC.BELLCORE.COM
Subject: USAAF 20 JUN 43

COMBAT CHRONOLOGY OF THE US ARMY AIR FORCES
SUNDAY, 20 JUNE 1943
FTP SITES
  1. ftp.rutgers.edu in directory pub/wwii/usaf
  2. byrd.mu.wvnet.edu (129.71.32.152) in pub/history/military/airforce/
     wwii_chronology

AIRCRAFT MENTIONED IN THIS REPORT:
  A-20, Douglas Havoc
  A-36, North American Apache
  B-24, Consolidated Liberator
  B-25, North American Mitchell
  C-47, Douglas Skytrain
  F-5, Lockheed Lightning
  P-38, Lockheed Lightning
  P-40, Curtiss
  P-51, North American Mustang
  Wellington, Vickers (RAF)

CENTRAL PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Seventh Air Force)
  During the night of 19/20 Jun, 3 B-24's from Funafuti Atoll in the
Ellice Islands fly photo reconnaissance of Jaluit Atoll in the Marshall
Islands.

MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Northwest African Air Force)
    Northwest African Strategic Air Force (NASAF) Wellingtons bomb
Messina, Sicily during the night of 19/20 Jun. The following morning B-26's
bomb the airfields at Milo, Castelvetrano, and Bo Rizzo, Sicily. The
Northwest Tactical Air Force (NATAF) and Northwest African Coastal Air
Force (NACAF) maintain patrols, reconnaissance, and convoy escort while
the Northwest African Photographic Reconnaissance Wing continues coverage
of areas in Sicily and mainland Italy.
    The 12th Photographic Squadron (Light), 3d Photographic Reconnaissance
and Mapping Group transfers with F-5's from La Marsa, Tunisia to Ariana,
Tunisia. The squadron has a detachment operating on Malta.
    The 48th Troop Carrier Squadron, 313th Troop Carrier Group transfers
with C-47's from Oujda, French Morocco to Kairouan, Tunisia.
    The 94th Fighter Squadron, 1st Fighter Group transfers with P-38's from
Chateaudun-du-Rhumel, Algeria to Mateur, Tunisia.
    The air echelon of the 111th Reconnaissance Squadron (Fighter), 68th
Reconnaissance Group based at Nouvion, Algeria begins operating at Bou
Ficha, Tunisia with P-51's.
    The 311th Bombardment Squadron (Dive), Twelfth Air Force transfers with
A-36's from La Senia, Algeria to Sale, French Morocco. This squadron is
attached to the Northwest African Training Command and trains A-36 pilots.

SOUTH PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Thirteenth Air Force)
  In the Solomon Islands, P-40's join Marine and Navy airplanes in a
strike against Vila Airfield on Kolokombara Island. Hits are scored on the
runway and dump area.  B-24's blast the airfield and other targets at Kahili,
and also bomb Kieta, both on Bougainville Island.

SOUTHWEST PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Fifth Air Force)
  B-24's bomb airstrip at Rapopo, and airfields at Keravat, and Rabaul, all
on New Britain Island and also hit Rabaul town area. A-20's pound the
airfield at Lae, New Guinea. 2 B-25's and an A-20 hit Finschhafen, New
Guinea and barges and shoreline targets along the coast of New Britain.

SOURCES:
AIR FORCE COMBAT UNITS OF WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force History,
  Headquarters USAF, 1961, ISBN 0-912799-02-1
COMBAT SQUADRONS OF THE AIR FORCE, WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force
  History, Headquarters USAF 1982
THE ARMY AIR FORCES IN WORLD WAR II: COMBAT CHRONOLOGY, 1941-1945 by the
 Office of Air Force History, Headquarters USAF, 1973
THE MIGHTY EIGHTH WAR DIARY by Roger A. Freeman, ISBN 1-85409-071-2

Jack McKillop
USAF (Airways and Air Communications Service)
1955-59


----------------------------------------------------------------------
|  Jack McKillop      |  Those who have long enjoyed such privileges |
|  Bellcore           |  as we enjoy forget in time that men have    |
|  Piscataway, NJ     |  died to win them.     FDR                   |
|  USA                |  jem3@cc.bellcore.com                        |
----------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

Date:    Mon, 21 Jun 1993 07:16:41 -0400
From:    jem3@CC.BELLCORE.COM
Subject: USAAF 21 JUN 43

COMBAT CHRONOLOGY OF THE US ARMY AIR FORCES
MONDAY, 21 JUNE 1943
FTP SITES
  1. ftp.rutgers.edu in directory pub/wwii/usaf
  2. byrd.mu.wvnet.edu (129.71.32.152) in pub/history/military/airforce/
     wwii_chronology

AIRCRAFT MENTIONED IN THIS REPORT:
  B-17, Boeing Flying Fortress
  B-24, Consolidated Liberator
  B-25, North American Mitchell
  C-47, Douglas Skytrain
  P-40, Curtiss
  Wellington, Vickers (RAF)

AMERICAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Eleventh Air Force)
  In the Aleutian Islands a fighters strip is completed at Shemya Island.
All missions are  cancelled due to weather for the tenth straight
day.

CENTRAL PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Seventh Air Force)
  One B-24 carries out armed photo reconnaissance over Nonouti Island,
Beru Island, and Nukunau Island in the Gilbert Islands.

CHINA-BURMA-INDIA THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  CHINA (Fourteenth Air Force)
    In China, 7 B-25's, with escort of 8 P-40's, bomb the village of
Shihshow.  8 other B-25's, supported by 9 P-40's, are dispatched to attack
the Japanese-held village of Hwajung but mistakenly bomb the friendly
village of Nanhsien, killing over 50 Chinese.
    The 11th Bombardment Squadron (Medium), 341st Bombardment Group (Medium)
transfers with B-25's from Kunming, China to Kweilin, China.  The squadron
has detachments operating from Hengyang, Suichwan, Nanning and Lingling
between Jun 43 and Jun 44.

MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Ninth Air Force)
    In Italy, B-24's attack the ferry terminal and surrounding areas at
Villa San Giovanni, and the harbor area and railroad yards at Reggio di
Calabria. Royal Air Force (RAF) heavy bombers follow up with raids on the
same targets.
    HQ 316th Troop Carrier Group and it's 45th Troop Carrier Squadron
transfer with C-47's from Guercif, French Morocco to Enfidaville, Tunisia.

  WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Northwest African Air Force)
    In Italy, Wellingtons bomb Naples during the night of 20/21 Jun. The
following day, B-17's hit the Naples railroad yards, Salerno marshalling
yard and trestle, Battipaglia marshalling yard, and Cancello Arnone air
depot. Fighters fly patrol, reconnaissance, and convoy escort.
    HQ 61st Troop Carrier Group and it's 59th Troop Carrier Squadron
transfer with C-47's from Lourmel, French Morocco to Kairouan, Tunisia.
    HQ 480th Antisubmarine Group, AAF Antisubmarine Command is activated
at Port Lyautey, French Morocco to control Antisubmarine Squadrons
patrolling the Atlantic Ocean off Morocco.
    The 60th Fighter Squadron, 33d Fighter Group transfers with P-40's from
Sousse, Tunisia to Pantelleria Island in the Mediterranean.
    The 317th Fighter Squadron, 325th Fighter Group transfers with P-40's
from Souk-el-Khemis, Tunisia to Mateur, Tunisia.

SOUTHWEST PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Fifth Air Force)
  In a predawn strike B-25's bomb Koepang on Timor Island. In New Guinea,
A-20's bomb and strafe airfields at Lae and Malahang while B-25's blast the
airfield and general area at Salamaua. A single B-24 bombs MacDonald's
Junction, New Guinea and strafes targets of opportunity along the coast S
of Buka Island in the Solomon Islands.

SOURCES:
AIR FORCE COMBAT UNITS OF WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force History,
  Headquarters USAF, 1961, ISBN 0-912799-02-1
COMBAT SQUADRONS OF THE AIR FORCE, WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force
  History, Headquarters USAF 1982
THE ARMY AIR FORCES IN WORLD WAR II: COMBAT CHRONOLOGY, 1941-1945 by the
 Office of Air Force History, Headquarters USAF, 1973
THE MIGHTY EIGHTH WAR DIARY by Roger A. Freeman, ISBN 1-85409-071-2

Jack McKillop
USAF (Airways and Air Communications Service)
1955-59


----------------------------------------------------------------------
|  Jack McKillop      |  Those who have long enjoyed such privileges |
|  Bellcore           |  as we enjoy forget in time that men have    |
|  Piscataway, NJ     |  died to win them.     FDR                   |
|  USA                |  jem3@cc.bellcore.com                        |
----------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

Date:    Mon, 21 Jun 1993 07:33:59 +0100
From:    Bob Smart <bsmart@VERDIX.COM>
Subject: Re: INF (needed): Lockheed Lodestar

> In less than 18 hours, it appears that we will find ourselves in
> possession of a flying Lockheed Lodestar (well, it flew in the last
> time it flew a few years ago and needs some TLC...)
Congratulations ( I think :-)) It sounds like there is a story behind this one,
I hope you plan on letting us in on it.

>
> Does anyone have a brief history on the aircraft type?  This one is
> clearly configured as an airliner and does not have a cargo door.
> Our initial thoughts are to first research its original history to
> see if it had military service and as much research as possible if
> it was in civilian service.

Lodestars came into the military via several channels. An order for 4 was
placed in May 1941 I beleive these were designated C-56. After war broke out
the USAAF began requisitioning civilian planes. These were designated C-56,
C-57, C-59 based on engine type installed. In 1942 an order was placed for 325
designated C-60.  'They performed several other services in addition to
passenger transport and some were turned over to the RAF'

This was gleaned fromThe Rand McNally Color Illistrated Guides Series
World War II Airplanes volume 2 by Enzo Angelucci & Paolo Matricardi.

Not to question you but are you sure it is a Pure Lodestar? There was a
military derivative the PV-1 Ventura that was produced in much larger numbers
(1600+) the PV-1 has a 'step' in the aft ventral hull in front of the tail

The wing span and fuselage length are almost identical but the PV-1 used R-2800
engines instead of R-1820s.  The Lodestar has been a popularjump plane for sky
divers. I have seen it on several shows featuring sky diving groups over the
last few years.
>
> Secondly, we are interested in how the aircraft may have been used
> in commercial aviation.  Did any commercial passenger airliners use
> the aircraft in the early-mid 1940's?  (If so, any indications of
> which ones?)  Finally, how it may have been used as Military Air
> Transport (MATS).

I believe there is a book out on Lookheed aircraft in the Putnam series that
may answer these questions ( Hell why not approach Lockheed for info and
donations/subsidies to get it restored. They might see it as good PR)
>
> Economics today are too important (arrrgh :-) to restorations, but the
> thought is that a civilian airliner might be a better restoration in
> this case than YAMR (Yet Another Military Restoration).  Part of the
> whole scope of restoration is to bring back "what it was like back
> when..."  There are too few civilian restorations flying.
>
> [On that note, anyone have a Lodestar full of passenger seats?  This
> one has been stripped... :-)]

Sounds like a jump aircraft. Are there hand and footholds around the door on
the outside?

>
> Any information greatly appreciated...
>
> --
> Robert J. Granvin                                    Southern Minnesota Wing
> rjg@stat.umn.edu                                       Confederate Air Force
>   You know you've made a gear-up landing when it takes full power to taxi.

Hope this was of help. keep us up to date on it

Bob Smart (bsmart@verdix.com)

------------------------------

Date:    Mon, 21 Jun 1993 11:17:09 EDT
From:    John Sherwood <WG015C@GWUVM.BITNET>
Subject: NATODATA INDEX 21/06/93

FYI.  Here is the index of the NATODATA List for all you historians working
on a NATO related project.  Best regards, John Sherwood, wg015c@gwuvm.gwu.edu
----------------------------Original message----------------------------


INDEX 'NATODATA' : 15.01.93 - 21.06.93
---------------------------------------------------------------

NATODATA archives are kept on the LISTSERV monthly.
You can obtain a complete index by sending an 'INDEX NATODATA'
command to 'LISTSERV@CC1.KULEUVEN.AC.BE'. These files can
be retrieved by means of a 'GET NATODATA filetype'to the same
address.

                       OR

If you wish to be mailed a specific file, send your mail
to 'SCHEURWE@STC.NATO.INT', mentioning the FILENAME.

---------------------------------------------------------------
       FILE NAME     SUBJECT
---------------------------------------------------------------
    - AFSOUTHPRESS (Afsouth News Releases)

      . af2004.1      NATO OPERATION MARITIME GUARD
      . af2104.1      OPERATION DENY FLIGHT
      . af2204.1      OPERATION DENY FLIGHT
      . af2304.1      OPERATION DENY FLIGHT
      . af2504.1      OPERATION DENY FLIGHT
      . af2804.1      OPERATION DENY FLIGHT
      . af2904.1      OPERATION DENY FLIGHT
      . af0105.1      OPERATION DENY FLIGHT
      . af0305.1      OPERATION DENY FLIGHT
      . af0605.1      OPERATION DENY FLIGHT


    - COMMUNIQUE

      . dpc102.92     FINAL COMMUNIQUE, M-DPC-2(92)102, 11 DECEMBER 92

      . nac106.92     MINISTERIAL MTG NAC, NATO HQ, 17 DECEMBER 1992

      . nacc108.92    STATEMENT ON FORMER YUGOSLAVIA, NACC MINISTERIAL
                      NATO HQ, BRUSSELS, 17 DECEMBER 1992

      . nacc109.92    STATEMENT ISSUED AT THE MTG OF THE NACC,
                      NATO HQ, BRUSSELS, 18 DECEMBER 1993

      . nacc110.92R   WORK PLAN FOR DIALOGUE, PARTNERSHIP AND
                      COOPERATION 1993, 18 DECEMBER 1992

      . dmcp93.28     STATEMENT ISSUED AT THE MTG OF DEFENCE MINISTERS
                      AT NATO HQ, BRUSSELS, 29 MARCH 1993

      . dpcnpg1.93    FINAL COMMUNIQUE, M-DPC/NPG-1(93)36, 26 MAY 1993

      . nac38.93      FINAL COMMUNIQUE, M-NAC-1(93)38, 10 JUNE 1993

      . nacc8.93      STATEMENT ISSUED AT MTG NACC, ATHENS,
                      11 JUNE 1993

      . nacc9.93      REPORTS TO MINISTERS BY NACC AD HOC GROUP ON
                      COOPERATION IN PEACEKEEPING, ATHENS, 11 JUNE 1993


    - FACTSHEETS

      . factsh.1      NATO FACT SHEET NO.1 :
                      THE NORTH ATLANTIC COOPERATION COUNCIL (NACC)

      . factsh.2      NATO FACTSHEET NO.2 :
                      NATO WORKS WITH COOPERATION PARTNERS ON
                      ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS

    - HANDBOOK

      . natpre                              . natdat.11
      . natdat.1                            . natdat.12
      . natdat.2                            . natdat.13
      . natdat.3                            . natdat.14
      . natdat.4                            . natdat.15
      . natdat.5                            . natdat.16
      . natdat.6                            . natdat.17
      . natdat.7                            . natdat.18
      . natdat.8                            . natdat.19
      . natdat.9
      . natdat.10

    - IMSPRESS (IMS PRESS RELEASES)

      . cmcalban93    CHAIRMAN NATO MILITARY COMMITTEE TO VISIT
                      ALBANIA

    - MISC

      . euro2405.93   STATEMENT BY EUROGROUP MINISTERS ON
                      EUROPEAN INSTITUTIONAL CHANGE

    - NATOPRESS (NATO PRESS RELEASES)

      . pr26.93       FIRST JOINT MULTINATIONAL INSPECTION UNDER THE
                      CFE TREATY, 16 MARCH 1993

      . pr27.93       VISIT TO NATO BY THE DEFENCE MINISTERS OF THE
                      CZECH REPUBLIC MR. ANTONIN BAUDYS, 19 MARCH 1993

      . pr29.93       NATO STARTS OPERATION OF NO-FLY ZONE
                      ENFORCEMENT, 12 APRIL 1993

      . pr31.93       LETTER OF CONDOLENCES FROM THE SECRETARY GENERAL
                      OF NATO TO MRS. TURGUT OZAL, 19 APRIL 1993

      . pr33.93       STATEMENT BY SECGEN ON UN PEACE PLAN BY
                      MR.KARADZIC, 2 MAY 1993

      . pr37.93       NATO RESEARCH FELLOWSHIP PROGRAMME 1993-1994,
                      24 MAY 1993

      . pr43.93       VISIT BY THE CHAIRMAN OF PARLIAMENT AND HEAD OF STATE
                      OF GEORGIA, MR.EDUARD SHEVERNADZE TO NATO ON
                      23 JUNE 1993
    - NATOREVIEW

      NATO REVIEW
      No.6 December 1992
      Published every 2 months

     9206-1        Manfred Worner
                   A vigorous Alliance - a motor for
                   peaceful change in Europe

     9206-2        John Weston
                   The challenges to NATO : a British view

     9206-3        Ferenc Gazdag
                   Does the West understand Central and East
                   Europe?

     9206-4        Theodore Christodoulides
                   The European security order : a Greek view

     9206-5        Otmar Lahodynsky
                   The changing face of Austrian neutrality


     NATO REVIEW
     No.1 February 1993
     Published every 2 months


     9301-1         Andrei Kozyrev
                    The new Russia and the Atlantic Alliance


     9301-2         Audrius Butkevicius
                    The Baltic region in post-Cold War Europe


     9301-3         Jaakko Blomberg
                    Finland's evolving security policy


     9301-4         Gregory L.Schulte
                    NATO's nuclear forces in a changing world


     9301-5         Keith L.Gardner
                    Technology development in NATO


     NATO REVIEW
     No.2 April 1993
     Published every 2 months


     9302-1       President Bill Clinton
                  Letter to NATO Review readers


     9302-2       Salvo Ando
                  Preparing the ground for an Alliance
                  peacekeeping role


     9302-3       Boyke Noev
                  More optimism for the Balkans


     9302-4       Gregor Schollgen
                  Putting Germany's post-unification foreign
                  policy to the test


     9302-5       Robin Beard
                  NATO armaments cooperation in the 1990s


     9302-6       Ying-jeou Ma
                   Taipei-Beijing relations and East Asian
                   stability: Implications for Europe


    - SHAPEPRESS (SHAPE PRESS RELEASES)

   . ace2104.1    ACE NEWS 21 APRIL 1993 ON ARENA EXCHANGE 93
                  - EXERCISE

    - SPEECHES (SECRETARY GENERAL SPEECHES)

   . sp931903     ALBANIAN PARLIAMENT SPEECH BY SEC GEN,
                  19 MARCH 1993

   . sp931903.1   SEC GEN : "THE ALLIANCE IS ONE OF THE FOUNDATION
                  STONES OF THE DEMOCRATIC COMM. OF FREE NATIONS",
                  ALBANIAN PARLIAMENT, 19 MARCH 1993

   . opst.393     MTG DEFENCE MINISTERS, 29 MARCH 1992,
                  SEC GEN OPENING STATEMENT

   . forum.asc    SEC GEN SPEECH TO 'FORUM DU FUTUR', PARIS
                  AVRIL 1993 (FRENCH TEXT)

   . rome.asc     SPEECH BY SEC GEN AT THE CENTRO ALTI STUDI DIFESA,
                  ROME, 10 MAY 1993

   . venice.asc   SEC GEN SPEECH : "NATO MAY HAVE LOST AN ENEMY BUT
                  IT HAS NOT LOST ITS RAISON D'ETRE"

   . secath10.93  OPENING STATEMENT BY SEC GEN TO THE NAC
                  MINISTERIALS IN ATHENS, 10 JUNE 1993



--
NATO - OTAN
INFORMATION / PRESS
Chris SCHEURWEGHS
Leopold III laan
1110 BRUSSEL
Belgium

Telf. : 00-(32)-2-728.4692
FAX   : 00-(32)-2-729.4103

Internet : scheurwe@stc.nato.int

------------------------------

Date:    Mon, 21 Jun 1993 14:37:15 CDT
From:    "Robert J. Granvin" <rjg@UMNSTAT.STAT.UMN.EDU>
Subject: INF: Lodestar Bummer

It went down to the wire, scrambling against a sheriff's sale and
completion of an aircraft donation and satisfaction of an existing
lien and ... The sheriff's sale happened first.

One Lockheed Lodestar 18-56, in flying condition (mostly :-) just sold
for $10,000 ... Hell of a price.  Beyond our budget.  :-(

Thanks for all the info returned since last night.  If nothing else, now
I'm even more intrigued by this airplane...

--
Robert J. Granvin                                    Southern Minnesota Wing
rjg@stat.umn.edu                                       Confederate Air Force
  You know you've made a gear-up landing when it takes full power to taxi.

------------------------------

End of WWII-L Digest - 20 Jun 1993 to 21 Jun 1993
*************************************************

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There are 5 messages totalling 341 lines in this issue.

Topics of the day:

  1. USAAF 22 JUN 43 (3)
  2. Lodestar
  3. CONF: WWII in the Pacific

----------------------------------------------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 22 Jun 1993 07:11:52 -0400
From:    jem3@CC.BELLCORE.COM
Subject: USAAF 22 JUN 43

COMBAT CHRONOLOGY OF THE US ARMY AIR FORCES
TUESDAY, 22 JUNE 1943
FTP SITES
  1. ftp.rutgers.edu in directory pub/wwii/usaf
  2. byrd.mu.wvnet.edu (129.71.32.152) in pub/history/military/airforce/
     wwii_chronology

AIRCRAFT MENTIONED IN THIS REPORT:
  B-17, Boeing Flying Fortress
  B-24, Consolidated Liberator
  B-25, North American Mitchell
  B-40, Boeing Flying Fortress
  Beaufighter, Bristol (RAF)
  C-47, Douglas Skytrain
  P-40, Curtiss
  Wellington, Vickers (RAF)

AMERICAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Eleventh Air Force)
  In the Aleutian Islands, a P-40 sights a submarine 5 mi (8 km) E of Zeto
Point. A B-24 then searches the area but makes no contact.

CENTRAL PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Seventh Air Force)
  3 B-24's from Canton Island in the Phoenix Islands fly photo
reconnaissance of Beru Island, Nukunau Island, Tabiteuea Island, Onotoa
Island, Tarawa Atoll, and Arorae Island in the Gilbert Islands. 1 of the
heavy bombers strafes Arorae.

CHINA-BURMA-INDIA THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  BURMA-INDIA (Tenth Air Force)
    Heavy bombers join B-25's in pounding the Ywataung, Burma marshalling
yard. Monywa, Burma is also thoroughly bombed.

EUROPEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Eighth Air Force)
  VIII Bomber Command Mission Number 65: In the first large-scale daylight
raid on the Ruhr, 235 B-17's are dispatched to hit the chemical works and
synthetic rubber plant at Huls in the main attack; 183 bomb the target; we
claim 46-21-35 Luftwaffe aircraft; we lose 16 and 75 others are damaged;
casualties are 2 KIA, 16 WIA and 151 MIA; this plant, representing a large
percentage of the country's producing capacity, is severely damaged. 11
YB-40's accompany the Huls raid; 1 is lost. In a second raid, 42 B-17's
are dispatched to bomb the former Ford and General Motors plants at
Antwerp; 39 hit the target; they claim 1-2-9 Luftwaffe aircraft; we lose
4, 1 is damaged beyond repair and 17 others are damaged; casualties are 1
KIA, 3 WIA and 40 MIA. An additional 21 B-17's fly an uneventful diversion.

MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Ninth Air Force)
    P-40's patrol over Pantelleria Island in the Mediterranean; there are
no encounters with the enemy.

  WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Northwest African Air Force)
    Northwest African Strategic Air Force (NASAF) Wellingtons bomb
Salerno, Italy during the night of 21/22 Jun. Northwest African Coastal
Air Force (NACAF) Beaufighters sink a small vessel off E Sardinia.
    The 7th Troop Carrier Squadron, 62d Troop Carrier Group transfers with
C-47's from Matemore, Algeria to El Djem, Tunisia.
    The 415th Night Fighter Squadron, 1st Air Defense Wing transfers with
Beaufighters from La Senia, Algeria to La Sebala, Tunisia.

SOUTHWEST PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Fifth Air Force)
  B-24's bomb the Taberfane, New Guinea area.

SOURCES:
AIR FORCE COMBAT UNITS OF WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force History,
  Headquarters USAF, 1961, ISBN 0-912799-02-1
COMBAT SQUADRONS OF THE AIR FORCE, WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force
  History, Headquarters USAF 1982
THE ARMY AIR FORCES IN WORLD WAR II: COMBAT CHRONOLOGY, 1941-1945 by the
 Office of Air Force History, Headquarters USAF, 1973
THE MIGHTY EIGHTH WAR DIARY by Roger A. Freeman, ISBN 1-85409-071-2

Jack McKillop
USAF (Airways and Air Communications Service)
1955-59


----------------------------------------------------------------------
|  Jack McKillop      |  Those who have long enjoyed such privileges |
|  Bellcore           |  as we enjoy forget in time that men have    |
|  Piscataway, NJ     |  died to win them.     FDR                   |
|  USA                |  jem3@cc.bellcore.com                        |
----------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 22 Jun 1993 08:20:53 -0400
From:    jem3@CC.BELLCORE.COM
Subject: Lodestar

Robert Granvin,

Sorry to hear you lost the Model 18; it would have looked great in
airline livery.

Anyway, as I told you yesterday I did some checking last night and
according to the information I have, your Model 18 was ordered for
Uncle Sugar's Army Air Forces under contract AC 26618 dated 16 May 42
and built as a Lockheed C-60A-1-LO Lodestar, msn 18-2326, Army Air
Corps s/n 42-55853.

As far as a history of the type, the predecessor of the Model 18
Lodestar was the Model 14 Super Electra.  As the Hudson, this aircraft
gained fame; in commercial service in the U.S., it was a disaster.
Northwest Airlines ordered 9 Model 14-Hs with Pratt & Whitney Hornet
S1E-G engines before the first flight of the aircraft and had received
five before an ATC had been awarded.  Northwest introduced them on
their Minneapolis-St. Paul to Chicago route in Oct 37 and subsequently
ordered four more.  Initial reaction from the traveling public was
favorable, with passengers and flight crews praising the high cruising
speed (215 mph), but the aircraft soon ran into bad luck, with three of
the eleven Northwest aircraft crashing during the first 15 months of
operation.  Tail flutter had been diagnosed as the cause of the first
crash (msn 1407 on 10 Jan 38) and was soon cured by retrofitting
balanced surfaces.  None-the-less, after the third but unrelated fatal
crash, the US public lost confidence in the Super Electra and Northwest
was forced to dispose of its fleet during the summer of 1939 and switch
to the slower DC-3.  The only other US carriers to operate the Model 14
before WWII were Santa Maria Airlines, which bought one Model 14-H2 in
Dec 38, and Continental Airlines, which bought two ex-Northwest
aircraft.

Another problem with the Model 14 was the high seat-mile cost of the
aircraft.  To resolve this problem and overcome the bad publicity of
the Model 14, Lockheed redesigned the aircraft by stretching it by
5.5 feet to increase directional stability and allow two more rows of
seats.  The fourth Model 14 was modified, and retaining the same wing,
tail surfaces and engines, first flew on 21 Sep 39.  The first
production Model 18 flew on 2 Feb 40.  Tests revealed that the Lodestar
was prone to "elevator nibble" which caused its control to oscillate
back and forth while the aircraft was in flight.  Several attempts were
made to solve the problem but the final solution was to raise the tail
surfaces one foot.  With the modifications, the Mode 18 received its
ATC on 30 Mar 40; it entered service with Mid-Continent Airlines on the
following day.

The Model 18 could be equipped with several types of engines; these
were identified by a suffix to the Model number.  The following
versions were offered to the commercial airlines:

Model 18-07: 875 hp P&W Hornet S1E2-Gs
Model 18-08 and 18-10: 1200 hp P&W Twin Wasp S1C3-Gs
Model 18-14: 1200 hp P&W Twin Wasp S4C4-Gs
Model 18-40: 1200 hp Wright Cyclone GR-1820-G104As
Model 18-50: 1200 hp Wright Cyclone GR-1820-G202As
Model 18-56, 118-56 and 218-56: 1200 hp Wright Cyclone
  GR-1820-G205As, R-1820-40s or R-1820-87s

In airline service, the Model 18 normally carried 15 or 18 passengers
depending on whether the crew included a stewardess and/or the aircraft
was equipped with a galley.  Commercial orders included:

 12 18-10s to Pan American and and its subsidiary Panair do Brasil
  4 18-10s to United Airlines
  3 18-07s and 1 18-10 to Mid-Continent Airlines
  3 18-50s to National Airlines (some of these aircraft were operated
    with bench type seats accommodating 26 passengers on their route to
    Puerto Rico)
  2 18-07s to Catalina Air Transport, a front outfit buying aircraft
    for the UK.
  2 18-08s and 3 18-10s for Continental Airlines
  2 18-10s to Dixie
  1 18-08 to Inland Air Lines

Foreign orders included:

 29 18-08s to South African Airways
 20 18-40s and 9 18-50s for the Netherlands East Indies Government
 12 18-10s to Trans Canada
  9 18-07s to BOAC
  5 18-07s to Air Afrique
  3 18-40s to the Norwegian Government in exile
  3 18-07s to Air France
  2 18-40s to Navegacao Aerea Brasileira
  2 18-10s to Yukon Southern Airways
  1 18-07 to South Africa Government
  1 18-10 to LAV

The first US military order was placed by the US Coast Guard.  The
USN versions were:

XR5O-1: 1 staff transport equivalent to 18-40 for USCG with R-1820s
R5O-1: 2 staff transports equivalent to 18-40 for USN with R-1820-97s
R5O-2: 1 staff transport equivalent to 18-07 with R-1690-25s
R5O-3: 2 VIP transports (4 passengers) equivalent to 18-10 for USN
  with R-1830-34As
R5O-4: 12 Model 18-56s drafted with R-1820-40s
R5O-5: 41 USN version of C-60 for 14 passengers
R5O-6: 35 USN versions of C-60A-5-LO for paratroop training

The USAAF had the following Model 18s:

C-56 Series: Commercial aircraft with Wright and P&W engines that were
   purchased or "drafted"
-----------------
C-56-LO: 1 18-50 acquired for evaluation with R-1820-89s
C-56A-LO: One commercial 18H-07 drafted with R-1690-54s
C-56B-LO: 13 commercial 18-40s drafted with R-1820-97s.  2 to
  Little Norway in Canada.
C-56C-LO: 12 commercial 18-07s drafted
C-56D-LO: 7 commercial 18-08s drafted with R-1690-25s
C-56E-LO: 2 commercial 22-seat 18-40s drafted in 1943

C-57 Series: Commercial aircraft drafted with R-1830 Twin Wasp engines
-----------------
C-57-LO: 13 commercial 18-14s drafted with R-1830-53s
C-57A-LO: Not used
C-57B-LO: 7 commercial 18-08s drafted
C-57C-LO: 3 C-60A-LOs re-engined with R-1830-34s
C-57D-LO: 1 C-57C re-engined with R-1830-92s

C-59-LO: 10 commercial 18-07s drafted and supplied to RAF as Lodestar
  Mk. IA, RAF s/n EW973-EW982.  First three were redrafted by USAAF.

C-60 Series: Model 18-56 final military model with R-1820-87s
-----------------
C-60-LO: 36 aircraft with 14 seats.  16 to RAF as Lodestar Mk II.  14
  additional aircraft were to go to RAF but  were drafted by the USAAF.
  One went to TWA as a flight-research lab and VIP transport.
C-60A-LO: 52 aircraft equipped for 18 paratroops
C-60A-1-LO: 45 aircraft equipped for 18 paratroops
C-60A-5-LO: 227 aircraft equipped for 18 paratroops
XC-60B-LO: 1 C-60A fitted with experimental hot-air leading edge
  deicers

C-66-LO: 1 18-10 with 11 passenger interior and two R-1830-53s
procured for Brazilian AF.


By the end of World War II, the Lodestar was obsolete and the major
airlines of the world shunned it.  The smaller airlines did not
purchase it because of it's high operating cost and lack of
cargo-carrying capacity.  A few non-skeds bought some and used them
for a short period of time.  The real market for the aircraft was
the executive and corporate community because of its relatively high
speed and 14-seat capacity.  Several companies, including Howard
Aero and Lear, got into the modification business catering to these
markets.  Lear re-engined the aircraft and their model had a top
speed of over 300 mph.

That's all I found last night.  If you need anything else, give me
a shout.

----------------------------------------------------------------------
|  Jack McKillop      |  Those who have long enjoyed such privileges |
|  Bellcore           |  as we enjoy forget in time that men have    |
|  Piscataway, NJ     |  died to win them.     FDR                   |
|  USA                |  jem3@cc.bellcore.com                        |
----------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 22 Jun 1993 16:42:52 +0200
From:    Chris Scogings <cscoging@UNPCS1.CS.UNP.AC.ZA>
Subject: Re: USAAF 22 JUN 43

>AIRCRAFT MENTIONED IN THIS REPORT:
>  B-17, Boeing Flying Fortress
>  B-40, Boeing Flying Fortress

Could anyone explain this, please?

Chris
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Chris Scogings                      Voice: (27) 331 955645
Computer Science Dept                 Fax: (27) 331 955599
University of Natal
Pietermaritzburg                   E-Mail:cscoging@unpcs1.cs.unp.ac.za
----------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 22 Jun 1993 15:04:49 -0230
From:    NAME <olaf@KEAN.UCS.MUN.CA>
Subject: CONF: WWII in the Pacific

             CALL FOR PAPERS: WORLD WAR II IN THE PACIFIC

A conference on "World War II in the Pacific" will be held at the
Hyatt Regency Crystal City in Arlington, Virginia, 10-12 August
1994. It will be sponsored by several organizations, including
the American Society of US Naval Engineers, Marine Corps
Historical Center, Naval Historical Foundation, Naval Order of
the United States, and US Naval Institute.

The conference will examine the momentous Allied offensive
campaign against the Empire of Japan from August 1942 to August
1945. The analysis of well-known military and naval historians,
the remembrances of veterans of the war, contemporary film,
artifact displays, and book exhibits will focus on this dramatic
clash of arms that so influenced the late 20th century.

The World War II in the Pacific Conference Program Committee
welcomes single papers or entire sessions on such aspects of the
war as grand strategy and policy, Allied coalition politics, the
South, Southwest, and Central Pacific campaigns, the battles of
Leyte Gulf, Okinawa, and Iwo Jima, combat leadership, military
medicine, intelligence and code-breaking, the evolution of naval
air and amphibious warfare doctrine, combat art and photography,
technological development of ships, aircraft, and weapons, Marine
Raider and Navy UDT operations, and logistics. Please send one-
paragraph abstracts of paper or session proposals, curriculum
vitae, and related correspondence to: Dr. Edward J. Marolda,
Chair, Program Committee, World War II in the Pacific Conference,
Naval Historical Center, Bldg 57 WNY, Washington, DC 20374-0571.
Deadline for submission of proposals is 30 November, 1993.

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 22 Jun 1993 19:40:54 +0100
From:    Bob Smart <bsmart@VERDIX.COM>
Subject: Re: USAAF 22 JUN 43

> >AIRCRAFT MENTIONED IN THIS REPORT:
> >  B-17, Boeing Flying Fortress
> >  B-40, Boeing Flying Fortress
>
> Could anyone explain this, please?
>

The YB-40 was a test aircraft. It was a modified B-17 that was supposed to be a
'heavy escort fighter' It was the first fortress varient with the chin turret
that was later standard on the B-17G. It also had twin .50s at the waist
position (I believe these had power assist. One source I have says some YB-40s
'had as many as 30 machine guns and cannon' I've never heard of that many and
the only place I could see a cannon would be a 20MM in the tail but I'm open
for confirmation/denial. The YB-40 also carried lots more ammo than a B-17.
The experiment was dubbed a failure, the YB-40 was slower than a standard fort
after the bomber had dropped it's bomb load. There was also a 'fighter' variant
of the B-24 but it's desgnator escapes me at the moment.  The final answer to
the escort problem was theP-47 & P-51 with big drop tanks.

Bob Smart (bsmart@verdix.com)

------------------------------

End of WWII-L Digest - 21 Jun 1993 to 22 Jun 1993
*************************************************

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Status: O

There are 2 messages totalling 137 lines in this issue.

Topics of the day:

  1. USAAF 23 JUN 43
  2. INF: US National Archives FTP Site

----------------------------------------------------------------------

Date:    Wed, 23 Jun 1993 07:11:22 -0400
From:    jem3@CC.BELLCORE.COM
Subject: USAAF 23 JUN 43

COMBAT CHRONOLOGY OF THE US ARMY AIR FORCES
WEDNESDAY, 23 JUNE 1943
FTP SITES
  1. ftp.rutgers.edu in directory pub/wwii/usaf
  2. byrd.mu.wvnet.edu (129.71.32.152) in pub/history/military/airforce/
     wwii_chronology

AIRCRAFT MENTIONED IN THIS REPORT:
  B-24, Consolidated Liberator
  B-25, North American Mitchell
  Liberator, Consolidated (RAF)
  P-47, Republic Thunderbolt
  Wellington, Vickers (RAF)

AMERICAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS (AAF Antisubmarine Command)
  The 4th Antisubmarine Squadron (Heavy), AAF Antisubmarine Command begins
a movement from Gander Lake, Newfoundland to England with B-24's.

MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Ninth Air Force)
    Royal Air Force (RAF) Liberators, under the operational control of the
IX Bomber Command, hit the airfield at Comiso, Sicily. Fighters patrol
over Pantelleria Island in the Mediterranean without incident.

  WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Northwest African Air Force)
    Northwest African Strategic Air Force (NASAF) Wellingtons bomb the
town of Olbia, Sardinia and lay mines in the harbor during the night of
22/23 Jun. Photographic reconnaissance airplanes continue missions, flying
over areas of mainland Italy, Sicily, Sardinia, Corsica, and the S coast
of France.
    HQ 17th Bombardment Group (Medium) transfers from Sedrata, Algeria to
Djedeida, Tunisia.
    The detachment of the 12th Photographic Squadron (Light), 3d
Photographic Reconnaissance and Mapping Group at Malta returns to it's base
at Ariana, Tunisia.

SOUTH PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Thirteenth Air Force)
  In the Solomon Islands, B-25's and Navy fighters and dive bombers hit
Buki village on Buki Island.

SOUTHWEST PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Fifth Air Force)
  17 B-24's bomb shipping, dock area, factory and residential areas of
Makassar, Celebes Island. 2 light cruisers are damaged and many buildings
along Juliana Quay and in the town area are damaged or demolished. A
single B-24 on armed reconnaissance bombs the airfield at Lae, New Guinea.
  HQ 348th Fighter Group and it's 340th, 341st and 342d Fighter Squadrons
arrive at Port Moresby, New Guinea from the US with P-47's.

SOURCES:
AIR FORCE COMBAT UNITS OF WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force History,
  Headquarters USAF, 1961, ISBN 0-912799-02-1
COMBAT SQUADRONS OF THE AIR FORCE, WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force
  History, Headquarters USAF 1982
THE ARMY AIR FORCES IN WORLD WAR II: COMBAT CHRONOLOGY, 1941-1945 by the
 Office of Air Force History, Headquarters USAF, 1973
THE MIGHTY EIGHTH WAR DIARY by Roger A. Freeman, ISBN 1-85409-071-2

Jack McKillop
USAF (Airways and Air Communications Service)
1955-59


----------------------------------------------------------------------
|  Jack McKillop      |  Those who have long enjoyed such privileges |
|  Bellcore           |  as we enjoy forget in time that men have    |
|  Piscataway, NJ     |  died to win them.     FDR                   |
|  USA                |  jem3@cc.bellcore.com                        |
----------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

Date:    Wed, 23 Jun 1993 12:15:08 EST
From:    Larry Jewell <jewell@MACE.CC.PURDUE.EDU>
Subject: INF: US National Archives FTP Site

Date:    Tue, 22 Jun 1993 10:41:11 EDT
From:    ted hull <TIF@NIHCU.BITNET>
Subject: Center for Electronic Records FTP Site

June 22, 1993


This message is being posted to the following Listserv's: GOVDOC-L,
PACS-L, AHC-L, VWAR-L, SOS-DATA, OR-L, IASSIST, NAGARA-L, and
ARCHIVES.  Please forgive any duplication.  This message revises
information last posted on May 25, 1993.

The Center for Electronic Records has added two new files to our
FTP site; GIL36 and GIL37 - electronic versions of two National
Archives leaflets related to electronic records.  We have also
renamed our FTP site to NARA_ELECTRONIC.

=================================================================
The Center for Electronic Records of the U.S. National Archives
and Records Administration has established an FTPable directory.
The FTP directory can be accessed by FTPing to FTP.CU.NIH.GOV
(128.231.64.7).  Log on as an anonymous user; press enter (or
enter your user name or 'guest') at password prompt.  The
directory in which this information is stored is NARA_ELECTRONIC
(CD NARA_ELECTRONIC).  Use the FTP GET command to retrieve copies
of materials.

In this directory are six files: a READ.ME file describing the
contents of the files in the directory; Title List, a Preliminary
and Partial listing of data files in the National Archives
(TITLE.LIST.MAY0793), a guide to some of the records in the
custody of the Center; a file containing a brief description of
the Center (CENTER), electronic versions of two National Archives
general information leaflets related to electronic records (GIL36
and GIL37), and a description of the fee based reference services
provided by the Center (SERVICES).

To gauge the usefulness of this service, Center staff would be
interested in reactions from those who experiment with using any
of these files.  We are interested in suggestions for
improvement, any criticisms, and general comments.

I hope this information is useful.  If you have any questions,
please contact me at the Center for Electronic Records (NSX),
ATTN: Reference Staff, National Archives, Washington, DC 20408.
The telephone number is (202) 501-5579.  I can also be reached
via Internet at tif@cu.nih.gov or BITNET at TIF@NIHCU.

THEODORE J. HULL
Archives Specialist, Archival Services Branch
Center for Electronic Records
(202) 501-5579

 -----------------------------

------------------------------

End of WWII-L Digest - 22 Jun 1993 to 23 Jun 1993
*************************************************

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Status: O

There are 9 messages totalling 403 lines in this issue.

Topics of the day:

  1. B-17 and B-40
  2. USAAF 24 JUN 43
  3. NE USA Airshows
  4. T/X/YB-40 (4)
  5. MIT
  6. INF: Conversion Table...

----------------------------------------------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 24 Jun 1993 09:59:33 +0200
From:    Chris Scogings <cscoging@UNPCS1.CS.UNP.AC.ZA>
Subject: Re: B-17 and B-40

Thanks for all the replies.

The original message included:
>
> >AIRCRAFT MENTIONED IN THIS REPORT:
> >  B-17, Boeing Flying Fortress
> >  B-40, Boeing Flying Fortress
>
Should that be B-40 or YB-40 ?

Also, does anyone know of the EXACT modifications made to the B-17 to
produce a (Y)B-40 ?  Twin waist guns and 20mm tail cannon have been
mentioned.

Thanks
Chris
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Chris Scogings                      Voice: (27) 331 955645
Computer Science Dept                 Fax: (27) 331 955599
University of Natal
Pietermaritzburg                   E-Mail:cscoging@unpcs1.cs.unp.ac.za
----------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 24 Jun 1993 07:04:13 -0400
From:    jem3@CC.BELLCORE.COM
Subject: USAAF 24 JUN 43

COMBAT CHRONOLOGY OF THE US ARMY AIR FORCES
THURSDAY, 24 JUNE 1943
FTP SITES
  1. ftp.rutgers.edu in directory pub/wwii/usaf
  2. byrd.mu.wvnet.edu (129.71.32.152) in pub/history/military/airforce/
     wwii_chronology

AIRCRAFT MENTIONED IN THIS REPORT:
  A-24, Douglas Dauntless
  B-24, Consolidated Liberator
  B-25, North American Mitchell
  C-47, Douglas Skytrain
  P-40, Curtiss
  Wellington, Vickers (RAF)

AMERICAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  ALASKA (Eleventh Air Force)
    In the Aleutian Islands, 16 bombers fly 2 weather, an armed
reconnaissance, and 2 attack missions hitting barges near Vega Point, Main
Camp area, and North Head on Kiska Island.
  HQ XI Bomber Command transfers from Adak Island to Amchitka Island.

CENTRAL PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Seventh Air Force)
  3 B-24's from Funafuti Atoll in the Ellice Islands fly visual
reconnaissance of Nonouti, Tabiteuea, Onotoa, Tamana, Arorae, and Abemama
Islands in the Gilbert Islands. 2 other B-24's fly a sea-search mission
from Canton Island in the Phoenix Islands.
  The 58th Bombardment Squadron (Dive), Seventh Air Force arrives on Canton
Island in the Phoenix Islands from the Territory of Hawaii with A-24's.

CHINA-BURMA-INDIA THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  BURMA-INDIA (Tenth Air Force)
    B-25's attack a road bridge at Shweli, Burma. Damage to target is
slight.

MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Ninth Air Force)
    B-24's strike Sedhes Airfield near Salonika, Greece.
    The 36th and 44th Troop Carrier Squadrons, 316th Troop Carrier Group
transfer with C-47's from Guercif, French Morocco to Enfidaville, Tunisia.

  WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Northwest African Air Force)
    During the night of 23/24 Jun, Wellingtons strike the Catania, Italy
marshalling yard and industrial area. The following day, B-26's and B-25's
bomb the Chilivani, Italy rail junction; the airfields at Alghero-
Fertilia and Venafiorita, Sardinia; and Golfo Aranci, Italy shipping and
shore installations and other targets in Sardinia. P-40's sweep S
Sardinia, strafing and destroying trucks near La Maddalena, 2 small
vessels in the Gulf of Cagliari and off Capo Spartivento Sicily, and
aircraft at the Capoterra, Sardinia landing ground.
    HQ 51st Troop Carrier Wing transfers from Mascara, Algeria to Goubrine,
Tunisia.
    The 15th Troop Carrier Squadron, 61st Troop Carrier Group transfers
with C-47's from Lourmel, Algeria to Kairouan, Tunisia.
    The 62d Troop Carrier Squadron, 314th Troop Carrier Group transfers
with C-47's from Berguent, French Morocco to Kairouan, Tunisia.

SOUTHWEST PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Fifth Air Force)
  B-25's strafe and considerably damage the airfield at Salamaua, New
Guinea and bomb villages in the area, demolishing 2 villages.

SOURCES:
AIR FORCE COMBAT UNITS OF WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force History,
  Headquarters USAF, 1961, ISBN 0-912799-02-1
COMBAT SQUADRONS OF THE AIR FORCE, WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force
  History, Headquarters USAF 1982
THE ARMY AIR FORCES IN WORLD WAR II: COMBAT CHRONOLOGY, 1941-1945 by the
 Office of Air Force History, Headquarters USAF, 1973
THE MIGHTY EIGHTH WAR DIARY by Roger A. Freeman, ISBN 1-85409-071-2

Jack McKillop
USAF (Airways and Air Communications Service)
1955-59


----------------------------------------------------------------------
|  Jack McKillop      |  Those who have long enjoyed such privileges |
|  Bellcore           |  as we enjoy forget in time that men have    |
|  Piscataway, NJ     |  died to win them.     FDR                   |
|  USA                |  jem3@cc.bellcore.com                        |
----------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 24 Jun 1993 07:13:04 -0400
From:    jem3@CC.BELLCORE.COM
Subject: NE USA Airshows

          AIRSHOWS IN THE NORTHEASTERN UNITED STATES, 1993
                     ISSUE 4, JUNE 24, 1993

This is the latest list of airshows in the Northeastern U.S. that I have
been able to compose.  The list is sorted by state and any military aerobatic
or parachute team appearing is noted.  Also noted is any known telephone
numbers; please call the telephone number listed for further information.
I will gladly update this list with any additions, changes and/or
deletions.  Just e-mail me at jem3@cc.bellcore.com

REASON FOR REISSUE
------------------
Delete the show at McGuire AFB, NJ.  It has been cancelled.


CONNECTICUT
-----------
Meriden: August 29 (203-238-1911)

MAINE
-----
Bingham: September 24-26 (207-672-4135)
NAS Brunswick: Golden Knights, July 24-25 (207-921-2527)

MARYLAND
--------
Baltimore: September 11-12
College Park: September 18-19 (301-864-5844)

MASSACHUSETTS
-------------
Hanscom AFB: Golden Knights and Thunderbirds, June 26-27

NEW HAMPSHIRE
-------------
Concord: Golden Knights, June 26-27 (603-225-4861)
Pease AFB(?): September 25-26 (617-274-0002)

NEW JERSEY
----------
Pittstown: August 6-8 (908-735-0870)
Readington: July 30-August 1 (908-534-4000)
Sussex: August 27-29 (201-875-0783 and 201-875-7337)

NEW YORK
--------
Elmira: Blue Angels, July 3-4
Fulton: July 10-11
Geneseo: August 20-22 (716-385-2390)
White Lake: August 7-8 (914-794-2212)

PENNSYLVANIA
------------
Erie: July 17-18 (814-833-7343)
Franklin: June 26-27 (814-432-5333)
Meadville: July 3-4 (814-724-6000)
Mifflintown: June 27 (717-436-6036)
Reading: Reading Aerofest, August 28-29 (215-372-4666)
Reynoldsville: September 11-12 (412-846-9922)
Wilkes-Barre/Scranton IAP: Blue Angels and Golden Knights, August 21-22
  (717-655-3077)

VERMONT
-------
Burlington: Golden Knights, September 18-19

VIRGINIA
--------
Langley AFB: August 7
Manassas: September 18-19 (703-631-2423)
NAS Oceana: Blue Angels, September 11-12 (804-433-2818)

WEST VIRGINIA
-------------
Charleston: September 18-19


----------------------------------------------------------------------
|  Jack McKillop      |  Those who have long enjoyed such privileges |
|  Bellcore           |  as we enjoy forget in time that men have    |
|  Piscataway, NJ     |  died to win them.     FDR                   |
|  USA                |  jem3@cc.bellcore.com                        |
----------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 24 Jun 1993 08:18:36 -0400
From:    jem3@CC.BELLCORE.COM
Subject: T/X/YB-40

                        BOEING B-40 FLYING FORTRESS

The lack of a long range escort fighter in early 1943 led the U.S. Army Air
Forces to experiment with modified Boeing B-17F Flying Fortress' as escort
gunships.  The Vega Division of Lockheed Aircraft had prepared a report
dated 21 Jul 42 calling for the creation of a heavily-armed and armored
version of the Flying Fortress to give B-17 formations additional
protection.  The proposed Vega aircraft, Vega Design V-139, became known as
the B-40.

The first aircraft, the XB-40-BO, was Boeing B-17F-1-BO, s/n 41-24341
modified by Lockheed Vega which increased the armament to fourteen 50
caliber (12.7mm) machine guns in place of the normal nine machine guns of
a standard B-17F.  This was done by:

  1. Adding a chin turret with two machine guns which later became standard
     on B-17G's.
  2. Adding a second dorsal power operated turret with two machine guns
     where the radioman's hand-held machine gun had been located.
  3. Replacing the single waist guns with twin machine guns.

These eight machine guns supplemented the existing six 50 caliber machine
guns in the dorsal, ventral and tail turrets.  The normal ammunition load
for the B-40 was 11,135 rounds but this could be increased to 17,265 rounds
with a reduced fuel load.

The XB-40-BO first flew on 10 Nov 42 and Vega then developed plans for the
proposed V-170 production aircraft.  However, Vega first modified 20
B-17F-VE aircraft (13 B-17F-10-VE's, 6 B-17F-35-VE's and 1 B-17F-30-VE)
as YB-40-VE service-test machines plus four B-17F-VE's (2 B-17F-25-VE's, 1
each B-17F-30-VE and B-17F-35-VE) as TB-40-VE crew trainers.  All aircraft
were modified at the Douglas Aircraft plant in Tulsa, Oklahoma.

After modification, 12 of the YB-40-VE's were assigned to the 327th
Bombardment Squadron (Heavy), 92d Bombardment Group (Heavy) at Alconbury,
England for testing.  The 327th flew its first mission with the YB-40 to
St. Nazaire, France on 29 May 43.  It was found that the YB-40s were
tail-heavy and the added weight of the armor and ammunition made them
significantly slower than the B-17F's once the Fortress' had dropped their
bombs.  These two problems could not be overcome and the 327th retired
their YB-40's in Jul 43 and the Eighth Air Force had to wait until the P-51
was available to acquire a long range escort.

All B-40s were eventually assigned to gunnery training duties in the U.S.
for the remainder of the war.

One story I have heard about the YB-40 involved a Luftwaffe-operated B-17.
As the story goes, the Luftwaffe had made a number of B-17's airworthy and
used them to teach fighter pilots how to attack the Fortress.  However, one
Luftwaffe B-17 was used to lure Fortress' out of formation by pretending to
be stricken and requesting escort.  Once away from the formation, the
Luftwaffe Fortress would either call in fighters or suddenly attack the
American Fortress shooting it down.  When the Americans got wise, they set a
trap for the Luftwaffe B-17.  When the Luftwaffe Fortress appeared, the
"B-17" that was lured out of the formation was actually a YB-40 and when
the crew was assured that the Luftwaffe B-17 was bogus, they shot it down.

------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 24 Jun 1993 08:19:26 -0400
From:    jem3@CC.BELLCORE.COM
Subject: T/X/YB-40

Forgot to put my signature file on the B-40 article.

----------------------------------------------------------------------
|  Jack McKillop      |  Those who have long enjoyed such privileges |
|  Bellcore           |  as we enjoy forget in time that men have    |
|  Piscataway, NJ     |  died to win them.     FDR                   |
|  USA                |  jem3@cc.bellcore.com                        |
----------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 24 Jun 1993 15:43:31 +0200
From:    Chris Scogings <cscoging@UNPCS1.CS.UNP.AC.ZA>
Subject: Re: T/X/YB-40

Thanks for the detailed information on the B-40.

One last (I hope) question:

Did the B-40 have a nose gun + cheek guns as well as the chin turret or only
the chin turret ?

Chris
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Chris Scogings                      Voice: (27) 331 955645
Computer Science Dept                 Fax: (27) 331 955599
University of Natal
Pietermaritzburg                   E-Mail:cscoging@unpcs1.cs.unp.ac.za
----------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 24 Jun 1993 10:04:06 -0400
From:    jem3@CC.BELLCORE.COM
Subject: T/X/YB-40

In response to Chris Scogings question about nose vs. cheek guns on the
B-40s, the early B-17Fs did not have cheek guns; I don't believe they
were introduced until the G-model or perhaps, late F-models.  The
original B-17F-1-BO had very small pieces of plexiglass in the
bombadier/navigator area; I believe there were field modifications to
replace one small piece on each side of the aircraft to allow a 50
caliber mg to be mounted on the port and starboard sides.

I have looked at several photos of the XB-40 and YB-40s and I don't
see any cheek guns; they probably just had the chin turret.


----------------------------------------------------------------------
|  Jack McKillop      |  Those who have long enjoyed such privileges |
|  Bellcore           |  as we enjoy forget in time that men have    |
|  Piscataway, NJ     |  died to win them.     FDR                   |
|  USA                |  jem3@cc.bellcore.com                        |
----------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 24 Jun 1993 13:07:52 EDT
From:    John Sherwood <WG015C@GWUVM.BITNET>
Subject: MIT

Does anyone know the telnet address for MIT?  I have used telnet to
search their library card catalog in the past, but I lost their address.

Best regards,

John Sherwood
History Dept.
George Washington U.
wg015c@gwuvm.gwu.edu

------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 24 Jun 1993 21:04:43 EST
From:    Larry Jewell <jewell@MACE.CC.PURDUE.EDU>
Subject: INF: Conversion Table...

Until the world decides to drive on the same side of the road, and two pints
make a liter, this table might as handy for you as it is for me :-).

Larry J



  Inches  = Millimeters      Inches = Millimeters

  25 1/2" - 650 mm.          6 3/4" - 170 mm.
  24 1/2" - 622 mm.          6 1/2" - 162 mm.
  23.6"   - 600 mm.          6 1/4" - 159 mm.
  21"     - 533 mm.          6.1"   - 155 mm.
  19.7"   - 500 mm.          6"     - 152 mm.
  18.1"   - 460 mm.          5.9"   - 150 mm.
  18"     - 457 mm.          5 3/4" - 147 mm.
  17.7"   - 450 mm.          5 1/2" - 138-140 mm.
  17 1/2" - 445 mm.          5.3"   - 135 mm.
  17"     - 432 mm.          5 1/4" - 133 mm.
  16 1/4" - 410 mm.          5.1"   - 130 mm.
  16"     - 406 mm.          5"     - 127 mm.
  15 3/4" - 400 mm.          4 3/4" - 120 mm.
  15"     - 380-381 mm.      4.7"   - 120 mm.
  14"     - 356 mm.          4 1/2" - 114 mm.
  13 3/4" - 350 mm.          4 1/4" - 108 mm.
  13 1/2" - 343 mm.          4.1"   - 105 mm.
  13.4"   - 340 mm.          4"     - 102 mm.
  13"     - 330 mm.          3.9"   - 100 mm.
  12 3/4" - 324-325 mm.      3 3/4" -  98 mm.
  12.6"   - 320 mm.          3.6"   -  90 mm.
  12 1/2" - 318-320 mm.      3 1/2" -  89 mm.
  12 1/4" - 310 mm.          3.4"   -  88 mm.
  12"     - 305 mm.          3 1/4" -  80 mm.
  11 3/4" - 300 mm.          3"     -  75-76 mm.
  11"     - 279-280 mm.      2 3/4" -  69-70 mm.
  10 3/4" - 270 mm.          2 1/2" -  63-64 mm.
  10"     - 254 mm.          2 1/4" -  57 mm.
   9 3/4" - 250 mm.          2"     -  51 mm.
   9 1/2" - 241 mm.          1 3/4" -  45 mm.
   9"     - 229-230 mm.      1 1/2" -  38 mm.
   8 3/4" - 225 mm.          1 1/4" -  32 mm.
   8"     - 203 mm.          1.1"   -  28 mm.
   7"     - 178 mm.          1"     -  25 mm.

Enjoy,
Larry J

------------------------------

End of WWII-L Digest - 23 Jun 1993 to 24 Jun 1993
*************************************************

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Status: O

There are 9 messages totalling 529 lines in this issue.

Topics of the day:

  1. H-Net Announces 13 Scholarly History E-Lists (4)
  2. B-17 Cheek Guns
  3. USAAF 25 JUN 43
  4. INF: Conversion Table... (2)
  5. WANT: Info on German soldier (possible?)

----------------------------------------------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 25 Jun 1993 00:26:59 -0600
From:    RICHARD JENSEN <CAMPBELLD@APSU.BITNET>
Subject: H-Net Announces 13 Scholarly History E-Lists

    H-Net Announces 13 scholarly lists in history
    June 25, 1993
                   H-Net: History On-Line
    Dramatic changes are underway in the electronic
    communications infrastructure worldwide.  Academics are
    beginning to take advantage of the new opportunities.
    H-Net is an initiative of the History department at the
    University of Illinois, Chicago, to assist historians to go
    on-line, using their personal computers and the Internet and
    Bitnet electronic communications networks.
         H-Net is sponsoring a series of electronic discussion
    groups or "lists."  Subscribers automatically receive
    messages in their computer mailboxes. These messages can be
    saved, discarded, copied, printed out, or relayed to someone
    else.  The lists are like newsletters that are published
    daily, and which carry announcements from the editor, and
    letters and mini-essays from the subscribers. Currently our
    largest list is HOLOCAUS with 290 subscribers in 15
    countries; they receive an average of 5 messages a day.
    Membership is open to any historian or graduate student, and
    is free.  Each list is moderated by a historian and has a
    board of editors.  The moderators control the flow of
    messages and reject those unsuitable for a scholarly
    discussion group.
         The primary purpose of each list is to enable
    historians to easily communicate current research and
    teaching interests; to discuss new approaches, methods and
    tools of analysis; to share information on access to library
    catalogs and other electronic databases; and to test new
    ideas and share comments on current historiography.  Each
    list is especially interested in methods of teaching history
    to graduate and undergraduate students in diverse settings.
    The lists feature dialogues in the discipline. They publish
    syllabi, course outlines, class handouts, bibliographies,
    listings of new sources, guides to online library catalogs
    and archives, and reports on new software, datasets and
    cd-roms. Subscribers write in with questions, comments, and
    reports, and sometimes with mini-essays of a page or two.
    Most of the lists have no chronological or geographical
    limits.
              The H-Net lists currently in operation are:
    H-Urban      Urban history
    H-Rural      Rural and agricultural history
    H-Women      Women's history
    H-Diplo      Diplomatic history, foreign affairs,
                 international relations
    HOLOCAUS     Holocaust studies; anti-semitism; related
                 themes of modern history
    H-South      US South
    H-CivWar     US Civil War
    H-LatAm      Latin American History
    H-Law        Legal and Constitutional history
    H-Ethnic     American ethnic & immigration history
         by July 4:
    H-AmStdy     American Studies
    H-Ideas      Intellectual history
       beginning fall 1993:
    IEAHC-Net    American colonial history; sponsored by
                 Institute of Early American History & Culture
                 at Williamsburg
    Other lists are being discussed; to volunteer as editor or
    member of an editorial board, please send a note to
    H-NET@uicvm.
    To subscribe: send this message to LISTSERV@UICVM
      sub  xxxxxx Firstname Surname, Yourschool
     where xxxxxx = list name; for example,
      sub H-Urban Leslie Jones, Northern Vermont U
    [ the Internet address = LISTSERV@uicvm.uic.edu]
         Each list will publish (at no cost) announcements of
    jobs, fellowships, conferences, conventions, new books, new
    journals, new e-lists, and the like. To post an announcement
    to all the H-Net lists, send an email copy:
    by Bitnet to             H-NET@uicvm
    or by Internet to        H-NET@uicvm.uic.edu
    or by CompuServe to      >INTERNET:H-NET@UICVM.UIC.EDU
    or send a fax copy to (312) 996-6377, care of H-Net.
         Each list will publish book reviews.  To volunteer as a
    reviewer send a note to the editor at @uicvm (For example,
    H-URBAN@uicvm or H-LatAm@uicvm). To submit books for review,
    or for other paper correspondence, write to
         H-Net  room 723 SEO
         Dept of History m/c 198
         851 S Morgan St
         Chicago IL 60607-7049
         [our phone is: 312-996-3141   our fax: 312-996-6377]

         H-Net will be offering one-day training workshops at
    history conventions and at history departments across the
    country.  It has been endorsed by the American Historical
    Association, the Organization of American Historians and the
    Southern Historical Association, and has received funding
    from the American Council of Learned Societies. H-Net is
    directed by Richard Jensen, professor of history at UIC
         u08946@uicvm voice: 615-552-9923
    =========================================================

------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 24 Jun 1993 14:22:57 -0600
From:    RICHARD JENSEN <CAMPBELLD%APSU.BITNET@UBVM.CC.BUFFALO.EDU>
Subject: H-Net Announces 13 Scholarly History E-Lists

    June 24, 1993
                   H-Net: History On-Line
    Dramatic changes are underway in the electronic
    communications infrastructure worldwide.  Academics are
    beginning to take advantage of the new opportunities.
    H-Net is an initiative of the History department at the
    University of Illinois, Chicago, to assist historians to go
    on-line, using their personal computers and the Internet and
    Bitnet electronic communications networks.
         H-Net is sponsoring a series of electronic discussion
    groups or "lists."  Subscribers automatically receive
    messages in their computer mailboxes. These messages can be
    saved, discarded, copied, printed out, or relayed to someone
    else.  The lists are like newsletters that are published
    daily, and which carry announcements from the editor, and
    letters and mini-essays from the subscribers. Currently our
    largest list is HOLOCAUS with 290 subscribers in 15
    countries; they receive an average of 5 messages a day.
    Membership is open to any historian or graduate student, and
    is free.  Each list is moderated by a historian and has a
    board of editors.  The moderators control the flow of
    messages and reject those unsuitable for a scholarly
    discussion group.
         The primary purpose of each list is to enable
    historians to easily communicate current research and
    teaching interests; to discuss new approaches, methods and
    tools of analysis; to share information on access to library
    catalogs and other electronic databases; and to test new
    ideas and share comments on current historiography.  Each
    list is especially interested in methods of teaching history
    to graduate and undergraduate students in diverse settings.
    The lists feature dialogues in the discipline. They publish
    syllabi, course outlines, class handouts, bibliographies,
    listings of new sources, guides to online library catalogs
    and archives, and reports on new software, datasets and
    cd-roms. Subscribers write in with questions, comments, and
    reports, and sometimes with mini-essays of a page or two.
    Most of the lists have no chronological or geographical
    limits.
              The H-Net lists currently in operation are:
    H-Urban      Urban history
    H-Rural      Rural and agricultural history
    H-Women      Women's history
    H-Diplo      Diplomatic history, foreign affairs,
                 international relations
    HOLOCAUS     Holocaust studies; anti-semitism; related
                 themes of modern history
    H-South      US South
    H-CivWar     US Civil War
    H-LatAm      Latin American History
    H-Law        Legal and Constitutional history
    H-Ethnic     American ethnic & immigration history
         by July 4:
    H-AmStdy     American Studies
    H-Ideas      Intellectual history
       beginning fall 1993:
    IEAHC-Net    American colonial history; sponsored by
                 Institute of Early American History & Culture
                 at Williamsburg
    Other lists are being discussed; to volunteer as editor or
    member of an editorial board, please send a note to
    H-NET@uicvm.

         Each list will publish (at no cost) announcements of
    jobs, fellowships, conferences, conventions, new books, new
    journals, new e-lists, and the like. To post an announcement
    to all the H-Net lists, send an email copy:
    by Bitnet to             H-NET@uicvm
    or by Internet to        H-NET@uicvm.uic.edu
    or by CompuServe to      >INTERNET:H-NET@UICVM.UIC.EDU
    or send a fax copy to (312) 996-6377, care of H-Net.
         Each list will publish book reviews.  To volunteer as a
    reviewer send a note to the editor at @uicvm (For example,
    H-URBAN@uicvm or H-LatAm@uicvm). To submit books for review,
    or for other paper correspondence, write to
         H-Net  room 723 SEO
         Dept of History m/c 198
         851 S Morgan St
         Chicago IL 60607-7049
         [our phone is: 312-996-3141   our fax: 312-996-6377]

         H-Net will be offering one-day training workshops at
    history conventions and at history departments across the
    country.  It has been endorsed by the American Historical
    Association, the Organization of American Historians and the
    Southern Historical Association, and has received funding
    from the American Council of Learned Societies. H-Net is
    directed by Richard Jensen, professor of history at UIC
         u08946@uicvm voice: 615-552-9923
    =========================================================

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 25 Jun 1993 07:17:07 -0400
From:    jem3@CC.BELLCORE.COM
Subject: B-17 Cheek Guns

I did some more investigating last night about the cheek guns on B-17
Flying Fortress'.  One B-17-115-BO was used as the "prototype" of the
B-17; it was fitted with the YB-40 chin turret but based on the photo I
have of it, I do not see any cheek guns.  The verbiage in the book also
indicates that the B-17G was the first in the series to have cheek guns
in the nose.

Hope this helps.

----------------------------------------------------------------------
|  Jack McKillop      |  Those who have long enjoyed such privileges |
|  Bellcore           |  as we enjoy forget in time that men have    |
|  Piscataway, NJ     |  died to win them.     FDR                   |
|  USA                |  jem3@cc.bellcore.com                        |
----------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 25 Jun 1993 07:14:40 -0400
From:    jem3@CC.BELLCORE.COM
Subject: USAAF 25 JUN 43

COMBAT CHRONOLOGY OF THE US ARMY AIR FORCES
FRIDAY, 25 JUNE 1943
FTP SITES
  1. ftp.rutgers.edu in directory pub/wwii/usaf
  2. byrd.mu.wvnet.edu (129.71.32.152) in pub/history/military/airforce/
     wwii_chronology

AIRCRAFT MENTIONED IN THIS REPORT:
  B-17, Boeing Flying Fortress
  B-24, Consolidated Liberator
  B-25, North American Mitchell
  B-26, Martin Marauder
  B-40, Boeing Flying Fortress
  Beaufighter, Bristol (RAF)
  C-47, Douglas Skytrain
  P-38, Lockheed Lightning
  P-40, Curtiss
  Wellington, Vickers (RAF)

AMERICAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  ALASKA (Eleventh Air Force)
    In the Aleutian Islands, 2 photo and weather reconnaissance missions
by 2 B-24's and 6 attack missions by 25 B-25's, 12 B-24's, and 2 P-38's
hit Kiska Island. Targets include gun revetments at Gertrude Cove and AA
batteries.
    The 344th Fighter Squadron, 343d Fighter Group transfers with P-40's
from Ft Glenn, Alaska to Shemya Island. The squadron also has detachments
operating from Amchitka and Attu Islands.

  ANTISUBMARINE (AAF Antisubmarine Command)
    The 19th Antisubmarine Squadron (Heavy), AAF Antisubmarine Command
begins a movement from Gander Lake, Newfoundland to England with B-24's.

EUROPEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Eighth Air Force)
  VIII Bomber Command Mission Number 67: 275 B-17's make scattered attacks
on targets of opportunity in NW Germany when primary targets at Bremen and
Hamburg are obscured by clouds; 167 bomb targets and claim 62-11-40
Luftwaffe aircraft; we lose 18 B-17's, 1 is damaged beyond repair and
another 61 are damaged; casualties are 3 KIA, 14 WIA and 172 MIA. Of 7
YB-40 escort bombers dispatched only 4 are able to accompany formations to
the target area.
  HQ 387th Bombardment Group (Heavy) arrives at Chipping Ongar, England
from the US.

MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Northwest African Air Force)
    Northwest African Strategic Air Force (NASAF) Wellingtons bomb docks
and marshalling yard at Olbia, Sardinia during the night of 24/25 Jun. On
the following day B-17's drop over 300 tons of bombs on Messina, Sicily
bombing the marshalling yard, the W and N part of town, warehouse area and
part of commercial quay.
    The 4th Troop Carrier Squadron, 62d Troop Carrier Group transfers with
C-47's from Matemore, Algeria to Goubrine, Tunisia.
    The 34th, 37th, 95th and 432d Bombardment Squadrons (Medium), 17th
Bombardment Group (Medium) transfer with B-26's from Sedrata, Algeria to
Djedeida, Tunisia.
    The 415th Night Fighter Squadron, 1st Air Defense Wing transfers with
Beaufighters from La Sebala, Tunisia to Monastir, Tunisia.

SOUTH PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Thirteenth Air Force)
  In the Solomon Islands during the night of 24/25 Jun, B-24's attack the
Kahili area on Bougainville Island and hit the airfield on Buka Island.
During the following day B-25's, escorted by P-40's, hit the runway at
Vila Airfield on Kolombangara Island.

SOUTHWEST PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Fifth Air Force)
  B-25's bomb and strafe several occupied villages in the Sepu, New Guinea
area.

SOURCES:
AIR FORCE COMBAT UNITS OF WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force History,
  Headquarters USAF, 1961, ISBN 0-912799-02-1
COMBAT SQUADRONS OF THE AIR FORCE, WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force
  History, Headquarters USAF 1982
THE ARMY AIR FORCES IN WORLD WAR II: COMBAT CHRONOLOGY, 1941-1945 by the
 Office of Air Force History, Headquarters USAF, 1973
THE MIGHTY EIGHTH WAR DIARY by Roger A. Freeman, ISBN 1-85409-071-2

Jack McKillop
USAF (Airways and Air Communications Service)
1955-59


----------------------------------------------------------------------
|  Jack McKillop      |  Those who have long enjoyed such privileges |
|  Bellcore           |  as we enjoy forget in time that men have    |
|  Piscataway, NJ     |  died to win them.     FDR                   |
|  USA                |  jem3@cc.bellcore.com                        |
----------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 25 Jun 1993 09:04:26 -0500
From:    "Sidney W. Kitchel" <kitchel@OCTOPUS.DPSI.COM>
Subject: Re: H-Net Announces 13 Scholarly History E-Lists

RICHARD JENSEN writes:
|->
|->               The H-Net lists currently in operation are:
|->     H-Urban      Urban history
|->     H-Rural      Rural and agricultural history
|->     H-Women      Women's history
|->     H-Diplo      Diplomatic history, foreign affairs,
|->                  international relations
|->     HOLOCAUS     Holocaust studies; anti-semitism; related
|->                  themes of modern history
|->     H-South      US South
|->     H-CivWar     US Civil War
|->     H-LatAm      Latin American History
|->     H-Law        Legal and Constitutional history
|->     H-Ethnic     American ethnic & immigration history
|->          by July 4:
|->     H-AmStdy     American Studies
|->     H-Ideas      Intellectual history
|->        beginning fall 1993:
|->     IEAHC-Net    American colonial history; sponsored by
|->                  Institute of Early American History & Culture
|->                  at Williamsburg

        Historians always amaze me when you notice how little they
know about history. It's sort of like the shock learning that many
mathematicians are poor at arithmetic.
        Have any of you historians noticed that in the last 300 years
or so science and technology have played a part in our lives, culture,
and commerce??? Well, then where is?:

                H-Sci
and
                H-Tech

Philosophers are smarter than you people. At least they see the value
of philosophy of science. Every decent history department should have
several historians of science and historians of technology!!

                                                        --Sid
--
Sidney W. Kitchel           kitchel@cs.indiana.edu, kitchel@dpsi.com
Data Parallel Systems, Inc.  ============||  DPSI  ||===============
4617 E. Morningside Drive                             (812) 334-8100
Bloomington, Indiana,  47408  USA               FAX:  (812) 334-8121

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 25 Jun 1993 09:52:08 -0400
From:    "M. Joseph Barone" <m1b@RAYSSD.SSD.RAY.COM>
Subject: Re: INF: Conversion Table...

Larry,
        While the table you have sent out is very useful, I should point
out one shortcoming:  it doesn't convert pounds to millimeters (as in a
6 pounder AT gun)!  :-)
--
Joe Barone
m1b@rayssd.ssd.ray.com
Hey, baby, this was a wasted trip.  Nobody
told us about locking horns with Tigers.

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 25 Jun 1993 10:58:33 EST
From:    Larry Jewell <jewell@MACE.CC.PURDUE.EDU>
Subject: Re: INF: Conversion Table...

>
> Larry,
>         While the table you have sent out is very useful, I should point
> out one shortcoming:  it doesn't convert pounds to millimeters (as in a
> 6 pounder AT gun)!  :-)

  I was hoping someone would volunteer to do that.  We'll be waiting your
post :-).  Actually I don't have that table handy.  Anyone got it?

> --
> Joe Barone
> m1b@rayssd.ssd.ray.com
> Hey, baby, this was a wasted trip.  Nobody
> told us about locking horns with Tigers.

  Guenther Rothenberg regaled us with stories of facing Tigers in North
Africe in Stuarts.  That is now my baseline definition of crazy.

Larry J

BTW, the preferred method was to sneak up on them.  He spoke of ramming one
in a sand storm and firing when all he could see in his view port was a large
black cross.  Talk about point-blank!

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 25 Jun 1993 09:18:08 -0700
From:    Thomas Cardoza <cardoza@HUMANITAS.UCSB.EDU>
Subject: Re: H-Net Announces 13 Scholarly History E-Lists

Mr. Kitchel,
        Your point about the importance of technology in history is well
taken.  U-Chicago should have an "H-sci" list. Many "decent history
departments" DO have excellent historians of science and technology, my
department included.  I must take serious exception however to the
generalized slurs on historians in your message.  Saying that you "are
amazed at how little historians know about history" is perhaps only
slightly more offensive to me than to be classed with all my fellow
historians as "you people," a term hardly loaded with positive connotations.
The choice of listservers is the product of decisions made by a small group
at the University of Chicago.  It does not therefore reflect on any
ignorance or arcadianism in the historical profession as a whole.  While I
am a military historian and not a historian of science or technology per
se, I take a keen interest in the work of my colleagues in those fields,
as do all responsible historians.  I seem to recall an admonition from
Larry Jewel that we all remember that there are human beings on the other
end of the keyboard and to respect their feelings.  You certainly have a
point on the listserver choices, but it could be put with
considerably more tact.

Thomas Cardoza

On Fri, 25 Jun 1993, Sidney W. Kitchel wrote:

> RICHARD JENSEN writes:
> |->
> |->               The H-Net lists currently in operation are:
> |->     H-Urban      Urban history
> |->     H-Rural      Rural and agricultural history
> |->     H-Women      Women's history
> |->     H-Diplo      Diplomatic history, foreign affairs,
> |->                  international relations
> |->     HOLOCAUS     Holocaust studies; anti-semitism; related
> |->                  themes of modern history
> |->     H-South      US South
> |->     H-CivWar     US Civil War
> |->     H-LatAm      Latin American History
> |->     H-Law        Legal and Constitutional history
> |->     H-Ethnic     American ethnic & immigration history
> |->          by July 4:
> |->     H-AmStdy     American Studies
> |->     H-Ideas      Intellectual history
> |->        beginning fall 1993:
> |->     IEAHC-Net    American colonial history; sponsored by
> |->                  Institute of Early American History & Culture
> |->                  at Williamsburg
>
>         Historians always amaze me when you notice how little they
> know about history. It's sort of like the shock learning that many
> mathematicians are poor at arithmetic.
>         Have any of you historians noticed that in the last 300 years
> or so science and technology have played a part in our lives, culture,
> and commerce??? Well, then where is?:
>
>                 H-Sci
> and
>                 H-Tech
>
> Philosophers are smarter than you people. At least they see the value
> of philosophy of science. Every decent history department should have
> several historians of science and historians of technology!!
>
>                                                         --Sid
> --
> Sidney W. Kitchel           kitchel@cs.indiana.edu, kitchel@dpsi.com
> Data Parallel Systems, Inc.  ============||  DPSI  ||===============
> 4617 E. Morningside Drive                             (812) 334-8100
> Bloomington, Indiana,  47408  USA               FAX:  (812) 334-8121

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 25 Jun 1993 19:03:16 CDT
From:    "Robert J. Granvin" <rjg@UMNSTAT.STAT.UMN.EDU>
Subject: WANT: Info on German soldier (possible?)

I have in my possession, for safe storage, a German paratrooper's sidearm
that was (as the story told) taken from him either when captured or killed.
I know not which.  Besides the value to a collector (all matching serial
numbers, original holster and still even has the "one special round for
yourself" with it), the story the sidearm could tell is ultimately the
most valuable.

Hand inscribed inside the holster are initials and a number.  The theory is
that the initials are of the soldier and the number is his serial number.
The sidearm has a manufacture date of 1943, though the holster is stamped
1938.

Stuck in the U.S., research into the German military of WWII is difficult.

First)  If given the number, would someone be able to identify it as
        actually an individual ID number?

Second) How would one use this number to track down information on the
        individual (military records, photographs, etc.) and obtain
        copies?

Third)  Is there someone who has researched individual German records
        before who could assist?  (Preferrably someone in or near Germany
        for the sake of ease...)

Assistance most welcome...

--
Robert J. Granvin                                    Southern Minnesota Wing
rjg@stat.umn.edu                                       Confederate Air Force
  You know you've made a gear-up landing when it takes full power to taxi.

------------------------------

End of WWII-L Digest - 24 Jun 1993 to 25 Jun 1993
*************************************************

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Status: O

There are 6 messages totalling 530 lines in this issue.

Topics of the day:

  1. USAAF 26 JUN 43
  2. USAAF 27 JUN 43 (3)
  3. USAAF 28 JUN 43
  4. Hotspur glider

----------------------------------------------------------------------

Date:    Mon, 28 Jun 1993 07:23:06 -0400
From:    jem3@CC.BELLCORE.COM
Subject: USAAF 26 JUN 43

COMBAT CHRONOLOGY OF THE US ARMY AIR FORCES
SATURDAY, 26 JUNE 1943
FTP SITES
  1. ftp.rutgers.edu in directory pub/wwii/usaf
  2. byrd.mu.wvnet.edu (129.71.32.152) in pub/history/military/airforce/
     wwii_chronology

AIRCRAFT MENTIONED IN THIS REPORT:
  B-17, Boeing Flying Fortress
  B-24, Consolidated Liberator
  B-25, North American Mitchell
  B-40, Boeing Flying Fortress
  C-47, Douglas Skytrain
  P-38, Lockheed Lightning
  Wellington, Vickers (RAF)

AMERICAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  ALASKA (Eleventh Air Force)
    In the Aleutian Islands, 16 bombers and 28 fighters fly 7 attack,
weather reconnaissance and photo missions to Kiska and Little Kiska
Islands, starting fires. Intense machinegun fire damages 4 P-38's.

EUROPEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Eighth Air Force)
  Air Marshall Trafford L Leigh-Mallory is given responsibility for
drafting air plans for the invasion of the Continent. His deputy is
Brigadier General Haywood S Hansell, Jr.
  Eighth Air Force Mission Number 68: 165 B-17's are dispatched against
the Vilacoublay, France air depot; 12 hit the target while 6 hit the
secondary target, Poissy Airfield, and 39 bomb Tricqueville Airfield; they
claim 17-5-10 Luftwaffe aircraft; we lose 5 B-17's and 14 others are
damaged; casualties are 1 KIA, 3 WIA and 51 MIA. 5 YB-40 escort bombers
take off to accompany heavy bombers but none are able to complete the
attack.

MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Ninth Air Force)
    During the night of 25/26 Jun, Royal Air Force (RAF) heavy bombers,
under IX Bomber Command control, bomb Messina, Sicily.

  WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Northwest African Air Force)
    Wellingtons bomb the Bari, Italy oil refinery during the night of
25/26 Jun.
    HQ 314th Troop Carrier Group and it's 32d, 50th and 61st Troop Carrier
Squadrons transfer with C-47's from Berguent, French Morocco to Kairouan,
Tunisia.
    HQ 319th Bombardment Group (Medium) and it's 437th, 438th, 439th and
440th Bombardment Squadrons (Medium) transfer with B-26's from Sedrata,
Algeria to Djedeida, Tunisia.
    The 10th Troop Carrier Squadron, 60th Troop Carrier Group transfers
with C-47's from Thiersville, Algeria to El Djem, Tunisia.
    A detachment of the 68th Bombardment Squadron (Heavy), 44th Bombardment
Group (Heavy) based at Shipdham, England begins operating from Benina,
Libya with B-24's.

SOUTH PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Thirteenth Air Force)
  In the Solomon Islands during the night of 25/26 Jun, B-24's pound the
airfield on Ballale Island and bomb the Poporang-Buin-Faisi area. P-38's
strafe the Rekata Bay area.

SOUTHWEST PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Fifth Air Force)
  During the predawn and early morning hours, B-24's and B-17's bomb the
airfield and harbor at Rabaul, New Britain and the town of Lae, New Guinea.
During the midday, B-25's hit the airfield at Lae and the town of Salamaua,
New Guinea. In the early evening B-25's bomb Penfoei, Timor Island.

SOURCES:
AIR FORCE COMBAT UNITS OF WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force History,
  Headquarters USAF, 1961, ISBN 0-912799-02-1
COMBAT SQUADRONS OF THE AIR FORCE, WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force
  History, Headquarters USAF 1982
THE ARMY AIR FORCES IN WORLD WAR II: COMBAT CHRONOLOGY, 1941-1945 by the
 Office of Air Force History, Headquarters USAF, 1973
THE MIGHTY EIGHTH WAR DIARY by Roger A. Freeman, ISBN 1-85409-071-2

Jack McKillop
USAF (Airways and Air Communications Service)
1955-59


----------------------------------------------------------------------
|  Jack McKillop      |  Those who have long enjoyed such privileges |
|  Bellcore           |  as we enjoy forget in time that men have    |
|  Piscataway, NJ     |  died to win them.     FDR                   |
|  USA                |  jem3@cc.bellcore.com                        |
----------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

Date:    Mon, 28 Jun 1993 07:26:43 -0400
From:    jem3@CC.BELLCORE.COM
Subject: USAAF 27 JUN 43

COMBAT CHRONOLOGY OF THE US ARMY AIR FORCES
SUNDAY, 27 JUNE 1943
FTP SITES
  1. ftp.rutgers.edu in directory pub/wwii/usaf
  2. byrd.mu.wvnet.edu (129.71.32.152) in pub/history/military/airforce/
     wwii_chronology

AIRCRAFT MENTIONED IN THIS REPORT:
  A-20, Douglas Havoc
  B-24, Consolidated Liberator
  B-25, North American Mitchell
  F-5, Lockheed Lightning
  P-40, Curtiss
  Wellington, Vickers (RAF)

AMERICAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  ALASKA (Eleventh Air Force)
    On Kiska Island in the Aleutian Islands, 8 B-24's make a radar run but
return with their bombs due to weather. Later, 5 B-24's and 7 B-25's bomb
the Main Camp area and vicinity N of Salmon Lagoon. 14 B-25's bomb
Gertrude Cove, camp areas, and North Head, while 7 others abort due to
weather. 2 P-40's fly reconnaissance over Segula Island but overcast
prevents observations.

CHINA-BURMA-INDIA THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  BURMA-INDIA (Tenth Air Force)
    The 21st Photographic Squadron (Light), Fourteenth Air Force arrives at
Bishnupur, India from the US with F-5's.

MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Ninth Air Force)
    Beginning this date, the 20lst Bombardment Wing (Provisional)- the
93d, 44th, and 389th Bombardment Groups (Heavy)- of the Eighth Air Force
is attached to the Ninth Air Force for operations.
    B-24's hit airfields at Kalamaki and Eleusis, Greece, damaging
buildings, runways, and parked airplanes; they claim 7 fighters shot down.
    HQ 57th Fighter Group and it's 64th, 65th and 66th Fighter Squadrons
transfer with P-40's from Tunisia to Malta.

  WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Northwest African Air Force)
    During the night of 26/27 Jun, Wellingtons bomb the marshalling yard
and port area of Naples, Italy.
    The 328th, 329th, 330th and 409th Bombardment Squadrons (Heavy), 93d
Bombardment Group (Heavy) based at Hardwick, England begin operating from
Bengasi, Libya with B-24's.
    The 506th Bombardment Squadron (Heavy), 44th Bombardment Group (Heavy)
based at Shipdham, England begins operating from Benina, Libya with B-24's.

SOUTH PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Thirteenth Air Force)
  In the Solomon Islands, B-24's bomb Kahili Airfield on Bougainville
Island and hit Ballale Island. A single heavy bomber on armed reconnaissance
bombs Munda Airfield on New Georgia Island.

SOUTHWEST PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Fifth Air Force)
  In New Guinea, B-25's bomb and strafe occupied areas at Dumpu, Kaigulin,
and Kaiapit while A-20's strafe barges and shore installations at Labu
Lagoon.
  B-24's hit Taka, Saumlakki and Malo Island in the Moluccas Islands and
Boeroe Island in the Sunda Islands.

SOURCES:
AIR FORCE COMBAT UNITS OF WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force History,
  Headquarters USAF, 1961, ISBN 0-912799-02-1
COMBAT SQUADRONS OF THE AIR FORCE, WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force
  History, Headquarters USAF 1982
THE ARMY AIR FORCES IN WORLD WAR II: COMBAT CHRONOLOGY, 1941-1945 by the
 Office of Air Force History, Headquarters USAF, 1973
THE MIGHTY EIGHTH WAR DIARY by Roger A. Freeman, ISBN 1-85409-071-2

Jack McKillop
USAF (Airways and Air Communications Service)
1955-59


----------------------------------------------------------------------
|  Jack McKillop      |  Those who have long enjoyed such privileges |
|  Bellcore           |  as we enjoy forget in time that men have    |
|  Piscataway, NJ     |  died to win them.     FDR                   |
|  USA                |  jem3@cc.bellcore.com                        |
----------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

Date:    Mon, 28 Jun 1993 07:32:31 -0400
From:    jem3@CC.BELLCORE.COM
Subject: USAAF 28 JUN 43

COMBAT CHRONOLOGY OF THE US ARMY AIR FORCES
MONDAY, 28 JUNE 1943
FTP SITES
  1. ftp.rutgers.edu in directory pub/wwii/usaf
  2. byrd.mu.wvnet.edu (129.71.32.152) in pub/history/military/airforce/
     wwii_chronology

AIRCRAFT MENTIONED IN THIS REPORT:
  B-17, Boeing Flying Fortress
  B-24, Consolidated Liberator
  B-25, North American Mitchell
  B-26, Martin Marauder
  C-47, Douglas Skytrain
  F-5, Lockheed Lightning
  P-38, Lockheed Lightning
  P-39, Bell Airacobra
  P-40, Curtiss

AMERICAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  ALASKA (Eleventh Air Force)
    In the Aleutian Islands, 6 B-25's bomb Gertrude Cove, Little Kiska
Island and the southern Main Camp area through holes in the overcast. The
mission is partly ineffective because of faulty bomb-release mechanisms.

CENTRAL PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Seventh Air Force)
  A bombing mission against Nauru Island, Gilbert Islands from Funafuti
Atoll, Ellice Islands is hampered by engine trouble and bad weather. 1
B-24 had crashed at Palmyra Island, Oceania the previous day while en
route from the Hawaiian Islands to the staging base at Funafuti Atoll. Of
the 18 arriving at the forward base, 2 are released from duty because of
engine trouble, 2 crash on takeoff, and 8 are grounded after a second
crash. 6 heavy bombers are airborne for the mission, 2 abort, 2 fail to
find Nauru Island because of heavy front, and 2 drop bombs on the island,
with unobserved results.

CHINA-BURMA-INDIA THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  BURMA-INDIA (Tenth Air Force)
    HQ 80th Fighter Group and it's 88th and 90th Fighter Squadrons arrive
at Karachi, India from the US with P-40's.

EUROPEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Eighth Air Force)
  VIII Bomber Command Mission Number 69: 191 B-17's are dispatched against
the locks and submarine pens at Saint-Nazaire, France; 158 hit the target
between 1655 and 1713 hours local; we claim 28-6-8 Luftwaffe aircraft; we
lose 8 B-17's and 57 others are damaged; casualties are 3 KIA, 14 WIA and
50 MIA. 50 other B-17's are dispatched against Beaumont-le-Roger Airfield;
43 bomb the target between 1736 and 1740 hours local; 6 B-17's are damaged.

MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Northwest African Air Force)
    During the night of 27/28 Jun Northwest African Strategic Air Force
(NASAF) Wellingtons bomb the Messina, Sicily marshalling yards and Villa
San Giovanni, Italy. The following day, B-17's hit Leghorn, Italy, B-25's
hit airfields near Olbia, Sardinia and Alghero, Sicily, B-26's attack the
landing ground at Milis, Sardinia, and fighters hit the airfield at
Decimomannu, Sardinia.
    HQ 60th Troop Carrier Group and it's 11th Troop Carrier Squadron
transfer with C-47's from Thiersville, Algeria to El Djem, Tunisia.
    HQ 64th Troop Carrier Group and it's 16th, 17th and 35th Troop Carrier
Squadrons transfer with C-47's from Blida, Algeria to Kairouan, Tunisia.
    "A" Flight of the 15th Photographic Squadron (Heavy), 3d Photographic
Reconnaissance and Mapping Group transfers with F-5's from Le Kroub,
Algeria to La Marsa, Tunisia. "B" and "C" Flights are still in the US.
    The 27th and 71st Fighter Squadrons, 1st Fighter Group transfer with
P-38's from Chateaudun-du-Rhumel, Algeria to Mateur, Tunisia.
    The 58th Fighter Squadron, 33d Fighter Group transfers with P-40's from
Menzel Temime, Tunisia to Pantelleria Island in the Mediterranean.
    The 66th and 67th Bombardment Squadrons (Heavy), 44th Bombardment Group
(Heavy) based at Shipdham, England begin operating from Benina, Libya with
B-24's.
    The 345th Fighter Squadron, 350th Fighter Group transfers with P-39's
from Maison Blanche, Algeria to Bone, Algeria.

SOUTH PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Thirteenth Air Force)
  The 394th Bombardment Squadron (Heavy), 5th Bombardment Group (Heavy)
transfers with B-24's from the Fiji Islands to Guadalcanal Island in the
Solomon Islands.

SOURCES:
AIR FORCE COMBAT UNITS OF WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force History,
  Headquarters USAF, 1961, ISBN 0-912799-02-1
COMBAT SQUADRONS OF THE AIR FORCE, WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force
  History, Headquarters USAF 1982
THE ARMY AIR FORCES IN WORLD WAR II: COMBAT CHRONOLOGY, 1941-1945 by the
 Office of Air Force History, Headquarters USAF, 1973
THE MIGHTY EIGHTH WAR DIARY by Roger A. Freeman, ISBN 1-85409-071-2

Jack McKillop
USAF (Airways and Air Communications Service)
1955-59


----------------------------------------------------------------------
|  Jack McKillop      |  Those who have long enjoyed such privileges |
|  Bellcore           |  as we enjoy forget in time that men have    |
|  Piscataway, NJ     |  died to win them.     FDR                   |
|  USA                |  jem3@cc.bellcore.com                        |
----------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

Date:    Mon, 28 Jun 1993 09:36:07 EST
From:    Michael Conger <Michael_Conger_at_HUB__WFF@CCMAIL.GSFC.NASA.GOV>
Subject: Re: USAAF 27 JUN 43

Jack, I just got on this list. Do you have the COMBAT Chronology of the US Army
Air Forces for June 7, 1943?  Pls advise.

Thanks, Michael D. Conger


COMBAT CHRONOLOGY OF THE US ARMY AIR FORCES
SUNDAY, 27 JUNE 1943
FTP SITES
  1. ftp.rutgers.edu in directory pub/wwii/usaf
  2. byrd.mu.wvnet.edu (129.71.32.152) in pub/history/military/airforce/
     wwii_chronology

AIRCRAFT MENTIONED IN THIS REPORT:
  A-20, Douglas Havoc
  B-24, Consolidated Liberator
  B-25, North American Mitchell
  F-5, Lockheed Lightning
  P-40, Curtiss
  Wellington, Vickers (RAF)

AMERICAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  ALASKA (Eleventh Air Force)
    On Kiska Island in the Aleutian Islands, 8 B-24's make a radar run but
return with their bombs due to weather. Later, 5 B-24's and 7 B-25's bomb
the Main Camp area and vicinity N of Salmon Lagoon. 14 B-25's bomb
Gertrude Cove, camp areas, and North Head, while 7 others abort due to
weather. 2 P-40's fly reconnaissance over Segula Island but overcast
prevents observations.

CHINA-BURMA-INDIA THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  BURMA-INDIA (Tenth Air Force)
    The 21st Photographic Squadron (Light), Fourteenth Air Force arrives at
Bishnupur, India from the US with F-5's.

MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Ninth Air Force)
    Beginning this date, the 20lst Bombardment Wing (Provisional)- the
93d, 44th, and 389th Bombardment Groups (Heavy)- of the Eighth Air Force
is attached to the Ninth Air Force for operations.
    B-24's hit airfields at Kalamaki and Eleusis, Greece, damaging
buildings, runways, and parked airplanes; they claim 7 fighters shot down.
    HQ 57th Fighter Group and it's 64th, 65th and 66th Fighter Squadrons
transfer with P-40's from Tunisia to Malta.

  WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Northwest African Air Force)
    During the night of 26/27 Jun, Wellingtons bomb the marshalling yard
and port area of Naples, Italy.
    The 328th, 329th, 330th and 409th Bombardment Squadrons (Heavy), 93d
Bombardment Group (Heavy) based at Hardwick, England begin operating from
Bengasi, Libya with B-24's.
    The 506th Bombardment Squadron (Heavy), 44th Bombardment Group (Heavy)
based at Shipdham, England begins operating from Benina, Libya with B-24's.

SOUTH PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Thirteenth Air Force)
  In the Solomon Islands, B-24's bomb Kahili Airfield on Bougainville
Island and hit Ballale Island. A single heavy bomber on armed reconnaissance
bombs Munda Airfield on New Georgia Island.

SOUTHWEST PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Fifth Air Force)
  In New Guinea, B-25's bomb and strafe occupied areas at Dumpu, Kaigulin,
and Kaiapit while A-20's strafe barges and shore installations at Labu
Lagoon.
  B-24's hit Taka, Saumlakki and Malo Island in the Moluccas Islands and
Boeroe Island in the Sunda Islands.

SOURCES:
AIR FORCE COMBAT UNITS OF WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force History,
  Headquarters USAF, 1961, ISBN 0-912799-02-1
COMBAT SQUADRONS OF THE AIR FORCE, WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force
  History, Headquarters USAF 1982
THE ARMY AIR FORCES IN WORLD WAR II: COMBAT CHRONOLOGY, 1941-1945 by the
 Office of Air Force History, Headquarters USAF, 1973
THE MIGHTY EIGHTH WAR DIARY by Roger A. Freeman, ISBN 1-85409-071-2

Jack McKillop
USAF (Airways and Air Communications Service)
1955-59


----------------------------------------------------------------------
|  Jack McKillop      |  Those who have long enjoyed such privileges |
|  Bellcore           |  as we enjoy forget in time that men have    |
|  Piscataway, NJ     |  died to win them.     FDR                   |
|  USA                |  jem3@cc.bellcore.com                        |
----------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

Date:    Mon, 28 Jun 1993 10:49:18 -0400
From:    jem3@CC.BELLCORE.COM
Subject: Re: USAAF 27 JUN 43

        Jack, I just got on this list. Do you have the COMBAT Chronology of the US Army
        Air Forces for June 7, 1943?  Pls advise.

        Thanks, Michael D. Conger

Michael,

Here is the information you requested.


COMBAT CHRONOLOGY OF THE US ARMY AIR FORCES
MONDAY, 7 JUNE 1943
FTP SITES
  1. ftp.rutgers.edu in directory pub/wwii/usaf
  2. byrd.mu.wvnet.edu (129.71.32.152) in pub/history/military/airforce/
     wwii_chronology

AIRCRAFT MENTIONED IN THIS REPORT:
  B-17, Boeing Flying Fortress
  B-24, Consolidated Liberator
  B-25, North American Mitchell
  P-38, Lockheed Lightning
  P-40, Curtiss

EUROPEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Eighth Air Force)
  HQ 353d Fighter Group arrives at Goxhill, England from the US.

MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Ninth Air Force)
    B-25's bomb gun emplacements at the airfield on Pantelleria Island
in the Mediterranean.

  WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Northwest African Air Force)
    Following a night raid by Wellingtons on Pantelleria Island in the
Mediterranean, heavy, medium and light bombers, and fighters of the
Northwest African Strategic Air Force (NASAF) and Northwest Tactical Air
Force (NATAF) pound the island throughout the afternoon.
    The 99th Fighter Squadron, XII Air Support Command attached to the
33d Fighter Group transfers with P-40's from Oued N'ja, French Morocco
to Fardjouna, Tunisia.

SOUTH PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Thirteenth Air Force)
  In the Solomon Islands, P-38's and P-40's, along with Royal New Zealand
Air Force (RNZAF) P-40's and Navy and Marine fighters, intercept a large
force of fighter-escorted dive bombers on a mission against Allied
shipping off Guadalcanal Island. Fighters from the newly-opened Russell
Island bases initiate the interception. A running fight develops and
extends down to Guadalcanal Island. More than 20 Japanese aircraft are
downed; 9 Allied fighters are lost but all the pilots are recovered.

SOUTHWEST PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Fifth Air Force)
  In New Guinea, B-17's and B-24's attack Wewak, Lae, Madang, and Kesup
hitting town areas and airfields, and strafe sampans on the Sepik River.

SOURCES:
AIR FORCE COMBAT UNITS OF WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force History,
  Headquarters USAF, 1961, ISBN 0-912799-02-1
COMBAT SQUADRONS OF THE AIR FORCE, WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force
  History, Headquarters USAF 1982
THE ARMY AIR FORCES IN WORLD WAR II: COMBAT CHRONOLOGY, 1941-1945 by the
 Office of Air Force History, Headquarters USAF, 1973
THE MIGHTY EIGHTH WAR DIARY by Roger A. Freeman, ISBN 1-85409-071-2

Jack McKillop
USAF (Airways and Air Communications Service)
1955-59


----------------------------------------------------------------------
|  Jack McKillop      |  Those who have long enjoyed such privileges |
|  Bellcore           |  as we enjoy forget in time that men have    |
|  Piscataway, NJ     |  died to win them.     FDR                   |
|  USA                |  jem3@cc.bellcore.com                        |
----------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

Date:    Mon, 28 Jun 1993 09:39:11 -0400
From:    "Dennis E. Sparks" <SPARKS@CAER.UKY.EDU>
Subject: Hotspur glider

Here are a few notes excerpted from an article on the British
Hotspur combat glider appearing in the June '93 "Aeroplane Monthly".

In the months of May and June 1940, the German army rolled up the
Allied forces in Europe and forced Britain to withdraw from the
continent in the historic evacuation of Dunkirk.  They had also
demonstrated the effectiveness of glider-borne troops by
capturing the Belgian Fort Eban Emael using ten small gliders.

Work started immediately at General Aircraft on a British glider.
The original concept was that each glider would carry eight troops,
with one being also the pilot.  Since it was expected that the
germans would occupy the French coast, the plan was to release the
gliders at a considerable height at mid-Channel.  They would then
glide silently over the German coastal defences and land behind
them.  The design aim was to be able to glide 100 miles from an
altitude of 20,000 ft.  To meet these aims, the Hotspur emerged
as an elegantly streamlined design, with a jettisonable
undercarriage, that strongly resembled sporting sailplanes.

It was of course a secret affair, with even the general arrangement
drawings showing an imaginary engine on each wing to mislead the
inquisitive.  The author was quite surprised when his next door
neighbor showed him the paper that his order of fish and chips
had been wrapped in, as it was quite a large section of a Hotspur
drawing.

The design was altered when the mission profile changed.  Instead
of gliding in silently, plans now called for the gliders to be
towed in low and fast by bombers, with the bomber's guns providing
supressive fire.  The main design change was to reduce the
wingspan by some 16 feet, with only ten aircraft being completed
with the original wingspan.

When work started on the design in 1940, no one anticipated that it
would be four years before an invasion of the continent would occur.
The much larger Airspeed Horsa glider, along with the American
mainstay, the Waco CG-4, were used for the invasion, with the nearly
1000 Hotspurs built used as trainers.

On one training flight, the pilot of a Hawker biplane tug was waved
away with a Hotspur in tow.  Soon after takeoff, the tug's pilot
realized that the glider's behavior was erratic, so he brought the
aircraft into position to allow release.  When the glider pilot
failed to release as anticipated, he returned to the release point
several times, before finally "pulling the plug" himself, and the
glider sailed on to a tolerable landing.  Landing the tug alongside,
he soon dicovered the reason for the erratic behavior - no one was
onboard the Hotspur.

Dennis E. Sparks
SPARKS@CAER.UKY.EDU
Lexington, Kentucky

------------------------------

End of WWII-L Digest - 25 Jun 1993 to 28 Jun 1993
*************************************************

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There are 4 messages totalling 170 lines in this issue.

Topics of the day:

  1. USAAF 30 JUN 43
  2. NOST - Any B-29's still flying? (2)
  3. Request for info on Paul Tibbets

----------------------------------------------------------------------

Date:    Wed, 30 Jun 1993 08:06:03 -0400
From:    jem3@CC.BELLCORE.COM
Subject: USAAF 30 JUN 43

COMBAT CHRONOLOGY OF THE US ARMY AIR FORCES
WEDNESDAY, 30 JUNE 1943
FTP SITES
  1. ftp.rutgers.edu in directory pub/wwii/usaf
  2. byrd.mu.wvnet.edu (129.71.32.152) in pub/history/military/airforce/
     wwii_chronology

AIRCRAFT MENTIONED IN THIS REPORT:
  A-36, North American Apache
  B-17, Boeing Flying Fortress
  B-24, Consolidated Liberator
  B-25, North American Mitchell
  B-26, Martin Marauder
  C-47, Douglas Skytrain
  F4F, Grumman Wildcat (USN)
  F4U, Vought Corsair (USN)
  P-40, Curtiss
  Spitfire, Vickers Supermarine
  Wellington, Vickers (RAF)
  Zeke, Mitsubishi A6M, Navy Type 0 Carrier Fighter

EUROPEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Eighth Air Force)
  The VIII Fighter Command becomes independent of Royal Air Force (RAF)
operational control. All fighter groups are placed under control of the
4th Air Defense Wing.
  The 4th and 19th Antisubmarine Squadrons (Heavy), AAF Antisubmarine
Command arrive at St Eval, England from Newfoundland with B-24's.

MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Ninth Air Force)
    P-40's fly escort for a sea rescue airplane 35 mi (56 km) N of Cap
Bon, Tunisia.

  WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Northwest African Air Force)
    During the night of 29/30 Jun over 60 Wellingtons hit the area NW of
Cape San Marco, Italy and the marshalling yard and surrounding area at
Messina, Sicily.
    In Sicily the following day, B-17's bomb the airfields at Palermo and
Boccadifalco, B-25's hit the airfield at Sciacca, and B-26's strike the
airfield at Bo Rizzo.
    Northwest African Coastal Air Force (NACAF) airplanes sink 2 schooners
off S and E Sardinia and damage a vessel off the W coast of Italy.
    HQ 31st Fighter Group and it's 307th and 308th Fighter Squadrons
transfer with Spitfires from Korba, Tunisia to Gozo Island, Malta.
    HQ 86th Bombardment Group (Dive) and it's 310th Bombardment Squadron
(Dive) transfer with A-36's from Tafaraoui, Algeria to Korba, Tunisia.

SOUTH PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Thirteenth Air Force)
  In the Solomon Islands, the invasion of New Georgia Island begins with
amphibious landings by US Army and US Marine Corps forces on nearby
Rendova Island. Subsidiary landings take place at other points in the New
Georgia area. USAAF and other allied fighters cover the landings. At 1100
hours, 30+ Zekes attack the beachhead; Allied fighters intercept, claiming
16 shot down. At 1500 hours, a large force of fighters, dive bombers, and
torpedo-carrying bombers attack the vessels of the Task Force which is
handling the landings. F4U's, F4F's and AA down all the torpedo-carrying
bombers as they attack vessels however, a torpedo strikes the flagship, the
attack transport USS McCawley (APA-4), amidship severely damaging the vessel
(later mistakenly sunk by US PT boats). Early in the evening about 30 more
Japanese aircraft return to the assault area. Allied fighters claim 18 of
these shot down. B-25's and US Navy dive bombers bomb Munda Airfield on New
Georgia. A B-24 strike on Kahili, Bougainville Island aborts because of bad
weather.

SOUTHWEST PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Fifth Air Force)
  In New Guinea, Allied amphibious forces begin landings, unopposed, at
Nassau Bay during the night of 29/30 Jun. Forces push N and S toward the
Bitoi River and Tabali Creek, respectively. Troops make contact with enemy
forces in the Cape Dinga area S of Nassau Bay. Australians open the
assault on Bobdubi Ridge and maintain pressure on the enemy in the Mubo
area. B-25's pound Bobdubi Ridge in support of the assault and hit forces
at Logui and Salamaua. B-25's also bomb the airfield at Cape Chater on
Timor Island. B-24's and B-17's bomb an airfield at Rabaul, New Britain
Island in the Bismarck Archipelago.  1 heavy bomber scores a hit on a cargo
vessel off Cape Gloucester, New Britain Island.
  The 57th Troop Carrier Squadron, 375th Troop Carrier Group arrives at
Port Moresby, New Guinea from the US with C-47's

SOURCES:
AIR FORCE COMBAT UNITS OF WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force History,
  Headquarters USAF, 1961, ISBN 0-912799-02-1
COMBAT SQUADRONS OF THE AIR FORCE, WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force
  History, Headquarters USAF 1982
THE ARMY AIR FORCES IN WORLD WAR II: COMBAT CHRONOLOGY, 1941-1945 by the
 Office of Air Force History, Headquarters USAF, 1973
THE MIGHTY EIGHTH WAR DIARY by Roger A. Freeman, ISBN 1-85409-071-2

Jack McKillop
USAF (Airways and Air Communications Service)
1955-59

30 June


----------------------------------------------------------------------
|  Jack McKillop      |  Those who have long enjoyed such privileges |
|  Bellcore           |  as we enjoy forget in time that men have    |
|  Piscataway, NJ     |  died to win them.     FDR                   |
|  USA                |  jem3@cc.bellcore.com                        |
----------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

Date:    Wed, 30 Jun 1993 11:04:16 -0800
From:    John Riegsecker <riegsecker@UPS.EDU>
Subject: NOST - Any B-29's still flying?

The "All American" B-24 and the "Nine-O-Nine" B-17 recently visited the
Tacoma Narrows Airport in Tacoma Wa.  I am curious to know if there are
still any B-29's flying.

Thanks in advance.

John Riegsecker
riegsecker@ups.edu

------------------------------

Date:    Wed, 30 Jun 1993 14:42:56 CDT
From:    "Robert J. Granvin" <rjg@UMNSTAT.STAT.UMN.EDU>
Subject: Re: NOST - Any B-29's still flying?

> The "All American" B-24 and the "Nine-O-Nine" B-17 recently visited the
> Tacoma Narrows Airport in Tacoma Wa.  I am curious to know if there are
> still any B-29's flying.

One.

"Fifi," the Confederate Air Force's B-29 flies to shows all summer
long.

--
Robert J. Granvin                                    Southern Minnesota Wing
rjg@stat.umn.edu                                       Confederate Air Force
  You know you've made a gear-up landing when it takes full power to taxi.

------------------------------

Date:    Wed, 30 Jun 1993 19:37:06 -0400
From:    "Dennis E. Sparks" <SPARKS@CAER.UKY.EDU>
Subject: Request for info on Paul Tibbets

Can anyone on the list fill in a couple of areas for me on
Paul Tibbets' military career?  I know that he was once with
the 97th BG, when they were the first operational B-17 group
in the 8th AF (first mission Aug 42).  The 97th was reassigned
to the 12th AF in Nov 42, and after that to the 15th AF,
serving in N. Africa and Italy.  My next recollection of him
is in the spring of 1945, testing B-29s (in Florida?), before
being assigned to the 509th Composite group, where he flew the
Enola Gay to Hiroshima.  My questions are along the lines of:
When did he leave the 97th BG, and what did he do before the
advent of the B-29?  Also, what did he do after the war?

I made a few quick checks in what books I had on hand, and
even perused the local library.  I figure that I could find
the answers if I *worked* at it a little, but thought maybe
someone on the list would have this information handy.  :-)

Dennis E. Sparks
SPARKS@CAER.UKY.EDU
Lexington, Kentucky

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End of WWII-L Digest - 29 Jun 1993 to 30 Jun 1993
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There are 2 messages totalling 149 lines in this issue.

Topics of the day:

  1. USAAF 1 JUL 43
  2. <No subject given>

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Date:    Thu, 1 Jul 1993 07:21:33 -0400
From:    jem3@CC.BELLCORE.COM
Subject: USAAF 1 JUL 43

COMBAT CHRONOLOGY OF THE US ARMY AIR FORCES
THURSDAY, 1 JULY 1943
FTP SITES
  1. ftp.rutgers.edu in directory pub/wwii/usaf
  2. byrd.mu.wvnet.edu (129.71.32.152) in pub/history/military/airforce/
     wwii_chronology

AIRCRAFT MENTIONED IN THIS REPORT:
  A-20, Douglas Havoc
  A-36, North American Apache
  B-17, Boeing Flying Fortress
  B-24, Consolidated Liberator
  B-25, North American Mitchell
  B-26, Martin Marauder
  C-47, Douglas Skytrain
  F-4, Lockheed Lightning
  F-5, Lockheed Lightning
  P-38, Lockheed Lightning
  P-40, Curtiss
  Wellington, Vickers (RAF)

AMERICAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  ALASKA (Eleventh Air Force)
    During the month of July:
      The 21st Bombardment Squadron (Heavy), 30th Bombardment Group (Heavy)
based on Umnak Island ceases operating from Amchitka Island, and
      The detachment of the 344th Fighter Squadron, 343d Fighter Group that
has been operating from Amchitka Island with P-40's since May 43 returns to
it's base on Shemya Island, and
      The 632d and 633d Bombardment Squadrons (Dive), 407th Bombardment
Group (Dive) based at Drew Field, Tampa, Florida begin operating from
Amchitka Island with A-36's.

  ANTISUBMARINE WARFARE (AAF ANTISUBMARINE COMMAND)
    During July, the 8th Antisubmarine Squadron (Heavy), 26th
Antisubmarine Wing based at Miami AAFld, Florida begins operating with
B-24's from Trinidad and other bases in the Caribbean.

CHINA-BURMA-INDIA THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  BURMA-INDIA (Tenth Air Force)
    The 2d Troop Carrier Squadron, Assam Air Base Command, transfers with
C-47's from Yangkai, China to Dinjan, India.
    During the month of July, the detachment of the 9th Photographic
Squadron (Light), Tenth Air Force operating from Dinjan, India with F-
4's and F-5's returns to its base at Pandaveswar, India.

EUROPEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Eighth Air Force)
  A memo by Major General Barney Mc Giles for General Henry H "Hap"
Arnold, Commanding General, USAAF, stresses great need for more fighter
escort for strategic bombing missions. The present ratio of less than 1
fighter group to 4 heavy bomber groups is held to be completely
insufficient and a minimum ratio of 1 to 2 is suggested.
  Brigadier General Frederick L Anderson Jr replaces Brigadier General
Newton Longfellow as Commanding General VIII Bomber Command.
  HQ 14th Bombardment Wing (Heavy) transfers from Hethel, England to Camp
Thomas, England.
  HQ 20th Bombardment Wing (Heavy) transfers from Camp Lynn, England to
Cheddington, England.
  The 556th, 557th, 558th and 559th Bombardment Squadrons (Medium), 387th
Bombardment Group (Medium) arrive at Chipping Ongar, England from the US
with B-26's.
  During the month of July, HQ 99th Bombardment Wing (Heavy) arrives at
Aldermaston, England from the US.

MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Ninth Air Force)
    P-40's, along with Twelfth Air Force fighters, fly armored
reconnaissance of S Sicily and convoy patrol in the Cap Bon, Tunisia area
and off Kebili, Tunisia. Royal Air Force (RAF) Halifaxes hit Catania,
Sicily railway yards.

  WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Northwest African Air Force)
    During the night of 30 Jun/l Jul, Wellingtons bomb barracks and
railway station at Cagliari, Sicily. Northwest African Coastal Air Force
(NACAF) flies patrol, reconnaissance, and convoy protection.
    The 8th Troop Carrier Squadron, 62d Troop Carrier Group transfers
with C-47's from Matemore, Algeria to El Djem, Tunisia.
    The 18th Troop Carrier Squadron, 64th Troop Carrier Group transfers
with C-47's from Blida, Algeria to Kairouan, Tunisia.
    The 28th Troop Carrier Squadron, 60th Troop Carrier Group transfers
with C-47's from Thiersville, Algeria to El Djem, Tunisia.
    The 312th Bombardment Squadron (Dive), 86th Bombardment Group (Dive)
transfers with A-36's from Tafaraoui, Algeria to Korba, Tunisia.
    During the month of July:
      HQ 52d Troop Carrier Wing transfers from Oujda, French Morocco to
Kairouan, Tunisia, and
      HQ 62d Troop Carrier Group transfers from Matemore, Algeria to
Goubrine, Tunisia, and
      The 1st and 2d Antisubmarine Squadrons (Heavy), 480th
Antisubmarine Group (Heavy), AAF Antisubmarine Command, based at Port
Lyautey, French Morocco operate from Agadir, French Morocco with B-24s.

SOUTH PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Thirteenth Air Force)
  During the month of July, the 69th Bombardment Squadron (Medium), 42d
Bombardment Group (Medium) transfers with B-25's from Guadalcanal
Island, Solomon Islands to New Caledonia; the squadron continues to
operate from Guadalcanal until Oct 43.

SOUTHWEST PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Fifth Air Force)
  In New Guinea, A-20's bomb and strafe forces in the Duali area as
nearby Allied troops consolidate positions along the S arm of the Bitoi
River; other A-20's strafe the Lae area; and B-25's hit Kela Point and
Logui. B-17's and B-24's bomb airfields at Rabaul on New Britain Island
in the Bismarck Archipelago.
  The 431st Fighter Squadron, 475th Fighter Group transfers with P-38's
from Charters Towers, Queensland, Australia to Amberley Field, Townsville,
Queensland, Australia. The squadron has yet to enter combat.

SOURCES:
AIR FORCE COMBAT UNITS OF WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force History,
  Headquarters USAF, 1961, ISBN 0-912799-02-1
COMBAT SQUADRONS OF THE AIR FORCE, WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force
  History, Headquarters USAF 1982
THE ARMY AIR FORCES IN WORLD WAR II: COMBAT CHRONOLOGY, 1941-1945 by the
 Office of Air Force History, Headquarters USAF, 1973
THE MIGHTY EIGHTH WAR DIARY by Roger A. Freeman, ISBN 1-85409-071-2

Jack McKillop
USAF (Airways and Air Communications Service)
1955-59


----------------------------------------------------------------------
|  Jack McKillop      |  Those who have long enjoyed such privileges |
|  Bellcore           |  as we enjoy forget in time that men have    |
|  Piscataway, NJ     |  died to win them.     FDR                   |
|  USA                |  jem3@cc.bellcore.com                        |
----------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 1 Jul 1993 15:53:56 EST
From:    David Fuller <RESLIF4@UCONNVM.BITNET>
Subject: <No subject given>

Can anyone give me any info. re: Base Air Depot #1 (BAD1) at Burtonwood
England during WWII ?

Thanks. D

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End of WWII-L Digest - 30 Jun 1993 to 1 Jul 1993
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