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There are 10 messages totalling 366 lines in this issue.

Topics of the day:

  1. ADDR: ERNIE PYLE
  2. Japanese Units (NEI,1942)
  3. USAAF 2 DEC 43
  4. Navy News Service
  5. Blue Angels
  6. Addr: Ernie Pyle
  7. Radio
  8. Books on Italian Campaign
  9. Books - Italian campaign
 10. World War Two Studies Association

----------------------------------------------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 2 Dec 1993 07:25:27 +0100
From:    John Ausland <d_ausland_j@KARI.UIO.NO>
Subject: ADDR: ERNIE PYLE

  Oslo, December 2.  Ernie Pyle went with the infantry unit I was with
(as artillery liaison), the First Battalion of the 8th Infantry of the
4th Infantry Division, during Operation Cobra and the breakout from the
bridgehead in Normandy.  In doing research for my book LETTERS HOME:
A WAR MEMOIR, I reread his articles on the time he was with the 4th.
  Enest Hemingway was also with the 4th, but with the 22nd Regiment.
I also read his articles and his novel ACROSS THE RIVER etc.
  As a result, I got intereted in their different styles and put a
chapter in my book with the title THE IMPORTANCE OF BEING ERNEST.
  In brief, they could not have been more different.  While I had no
direct contact with Hemingway, I talked to Pyle for quiet some time.
It would be impossible not to like him.  He slept on concrete farm
house floors with the rest of us.  He went where the fighting was.
He managed to produce the best description of combat that I have seen.
  At the same time, he made no secret of his hatred of war.  One night
he told me he would be leaving Europe soon, would take a rest, and
then probably go on to the Pacific.
  Like everyone else who knew him or his writing, I was very sad when
I learned that he was dead.  Frustrated by the unwillingness of those
who had not experienced it to listen to us when we tried to explain what
combat was like, he was the person who managed to get people to read
our story, just as Bill Mauldin managed to convey the GI story with
his cartoons.
  Regards, John Ausland
*******************************************************************
* John C. Ausland               Tel: +47 22 14 17 68              *
* Land Productions              Fax: +47 22 16 30 92              *
* Sondreveien 4, Entry 2        CIS: 73240,2704                   *
* 0378 Oslo, Norway             Internet: d_ausland_j@kari.uio.no *
*******************************************************************

------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 2 Dec 1993 16:34:46 +1000
From:    Steve Mullins <s.mullins@UCQ.EDU.AU>
Subject: Japanese Units (NEI,1942)

I am presently investigating the Japanese occupation of the Aru Islands,
Maluku, Netherlands East Indies (now Indonesia).  Thanks to my colleague
Jack Ford from the University of Queensland I have a pretty good idea of
the logic behind the campaign, and how it progressed, but I'm still chasing
detail about what happened 'on the ground'.  I would like to try to contact
Japanese veterans who fought on Aru,though I know this will be very
difficult if only because of the high casualty rates amongst the Japanese
who served in this theatre.

The first step is to find out which units were there.  The brigade was
headquartered at the port of Toeal in the Kei Islands and was part of the
5th division of the 19th Army.  Does anyone on the list know how I might go
about  tracing the Japanese marine unit that was landed by the light
cruiser *Kinu* at Dobo, the capital of the Arus, on 30 July 1942? I realise
for most this is a real backwater of WWII, which makes me even more
appreciative of any help I can get.

Thanks

Steve




Dr Steve Mullins
History
Department of Humanities
University of Central Queensland
Rockhampton, 4702
Australia
Voice (079) 309662
fax   (079) 309510

------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 2 Dec 1993 07:01:59 -0500
From:    jem3@CC.BELLCORE.COM
Subject: USAAF 2 DEC 43

COMBAT CHRONOLOGY OF THE US ARMY AIR FORCES
THURSDAY, 2 DECEMBER 1943
FTP SITES
  1. ftp.rutgers.edu in directory pub/wwii/usaf
  2. byrd.mu.wvnet.edu (129.71.32.152) in pub/history/military/airforce/
     wwii_chronology

AIRCRAFT MENTIONED IN THIS REPORT:
  A-20, Douglas Havoc
  B-17, Boeing Flying Fortress
  B-24, Consolidated Liberator
  B-25, North American Mitchell
  B-26, Martin Marauder
  P-40, Curtiss

CHINA-BURMA-INDIA THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  CHINA (Fourteenth Air Force): In China, 18 Japanese bombers and 30 Zekes
attack Suichwan airfield; 9 P-40's intercept, shooting down 1 Japanese
airplane; 2 P-40's are lost; 6 P-40's on armed reconnaissance bomb villages
between Sha Nyao and Chiao Tou Chieh; 16 others bomb Japanese positions NE
of Changte.

EUROPEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  ALLIED EXPEDITIONARY AIR FORCE (AEAF): The Combined Chiefs of Staff (CCS)
authorizes AEAF to attack "sky sites" in the Pas de Calais area and on the
Cherbourg Peninsula in France, which Royal Air Force (RAF) photography and
British intelligence have virtually identified as missile-launching sites.

  STRATEGIC OPERATIONS (Eighth Air Force): VIII Bomber Command Mission 146: 1
B-17 flies an Oboe test over Huls, Germany at 2139 hours dropping two 2,000
pound (907 kg) GP bombs and 1 photoflash bomb. 4 B-17's drop 2.09 million
leaflets on Bremen, Oldenburg and Hamburg, Germany. No casualties on either
mission.

MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  STRATEGIC OPERATIONS (Fifteenth Air Force): In Italy, B-24's, with fighter
escort, bomb the town area, railroad bridge and marshalling yard at Bolzano;
B-26's achieve excellent results in a raid on a bridge S of Orvieto and
the marshalling yard at Arezzo. B-17's blast submarine pens at Marseilles,
France.
  HQ 2d Bombardment Group (Heavy) transfers from Massicault to Bizerte,
Tunisia.

  TACTICAL OPERATIONS (Twelfth Air Force): B-25's, A-20's, and RAF light
bombers support ground forces in the Monte Trocchio area, and other B-25's,
A-20's, and RAF and South African Air Force (SAAF) airplanes support ground
forces near Sant' Ambrogio; more B-25's hit bridge and approaches near Chieti;
fighters strafe trucks and trains while fighter-bombers blast gun positions
along the US Fifth and British Eighth Army fronts, and hit harbors and
shipping along the Yugoslav coast at or near Omis, Drvenicki, Trogir, Vrbnik,
and Ston.

SOUTH PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Thirteenth Air Force): On Bougainville
Island in the Solmon Islands, 20+ B-25's hit Malai and attack positions on
the Porror River and Rigu Mission at Kieta; 20+ B-24's bomb Korovo; fighter
patrols strafe the Chabai area.

SOUTHWEST PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Fifth Air Force): In New Guinea, 50+
B-25's pound the Borgen Bay area; 20 B-25's and B-26's hit enemy forces in
the Finschhafen area; and the Sio area is bombed by 2 B-24's.

SOURCES:
AIR FORCE COMBAT UNITS OF WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force History,
  Headquarters USAF, 1961, ISBN 0-912799-02-1
COMBAT SQUADRONS OF THE AIR FORCE, WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force
  History, Headquarters USAF 1982
THE ARMY AIR FORCES IN WORLD WAR II: COMBAT CHRONOLOGY, 1941-1945 by the
  Office of Air Force History, Headquarters USAF, 1973
THE MIGHTY EIGHTH WAR DIARY by Roger A. Freeman, ISBN 1-85409-071-2

Jack McKillop
USAF (Airways and Air Communications Service)
1955-59

-------------------------------------------------------------------
|  Jack McKillop         |  Those who have long enjoyed such      |
|  Bellcore              |  privileges as we enjoy forget in      |
|  Piscataway, NJ USA    |  time that men have died to win them.  |
|  jem3@cc.bellcore.com  |                       FDR              |
-------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 2 Dec 1993 07:21:13 -0500
From:    jem3@CC.BELLCORE.COM
Subject: Navy News Service

Don't know if anyone is interested, but here is the information.


-----------------------------------------------------------------
Navy News Service - NAVNEWS BY EMAIL - navnews@opnav-emh.navy.mil
-----------------------------------------------------------------
NAVY NEWS SERVICE - 01 DEC 93 - NAVNEWS 079/93
NNS939.  Library of Congress Offers NAVNEWS with Search Capability
                               -USN-
NNS939.  Library of Congress Offers NAVNEWS with Search Capability
WASHINGTON (NNS) -- The Library of Congress now provides on-line
access to back issues of the Navy News Service, including a
full-text search capability, through its experimental LC MARVEL
service.
     LC MARVEL, an acronym for Library of Congress Machine-Assisted
Realization of the Virtual Electronic Library, uses Internet's
"Gopher" protocol.
     This service enables Internet users worldwide to read or
retrieve the Navy News Service and to search rapidly for words or
phrases in the texts.
     Point of contact at CHINFO is CAPT Tim Taylor, email
tim.taylor(at)ncts.navy.mil or phone 703-695-2078 or DSN 225-2078.
                               -USN-
-------------------------------------------------------------------
|  Jack McKillop         |  Those who have long enjoyed such      |
|  Bellcore              |  privileges as we enjoy forget in      |
|  Piscataway, NJ USA    |  time that men have died to win them.  |
|  jem3@cc.bellcore.com  |                       FDR              |
-------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 2 Dec 1993 07:26:38 -0500
From:    jem3@CC.BELLCORE.COM
Subject: Blue Angels

I posted the USAF Thunderbirds aerobatic team schedule yesterday and
Terry Moore asked about the Blue Angels.  To be honest with you, I am
surprised I got the T-birds sked so early; I normally do not see it
until around Feb.  I am checking with the US Navy to see if I can get
the Blue Angels schedule.

Stay tuned, same time, same station (remembered from listening to the
radio in my childhood.).

-------------------------------------------------------------------
|  Jack McKillop         |  Those who have long enjoyed such      |
|  Bellcore              |  privileges as we enjoy forget in      |
|  Piscataway, NJ USA    |  time that men have died to win them.  |
|  jem3@cc.bellcore.com  |                       FDR              |
-------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 2 Dec 1993 08:50:17 EST
From:    Crane Conrad LTC <kc5318@USMA7.USMA.EDU>
Subject: Re: Addr: Ernie Pyle

Richard,
     John Ausland has a great grasp on why Pyle was so popular - he told the
story of the war from the grunt viewpoint.  He also was a fine writer, as
anyone who has read "The Death of Captain Waskow" can tell you.  As for his
death, I , too, have seen it mentioned that he was killed with the Marines, but
at the time of his death he was looking for the command post of the 305th
Regiment of the Army's 77th Division.  They invaded Ie Shima on 16 April, Pyle
died on the 18th.  He had been with the 1st Marine Division before that, but
had moved to get a different perspective.  He spent the night of the 17th in
Japanese dugout, and went out in a jeep with four soldiers the next morning.
The jeep was fired upon by a sniper, and everyone jumped in a ditch.  He raised
his head to check on the others, and was shot through the left temple.  He was
buried there, and his last column was found in his pocket and published
posthumously.  See ERNIE'S WAR by David Nichols. He seems to have the best
account.
                                             LTC Con Crane
                                             USMA

------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 2 Dec 1993 16:13:35 +0200
From:    Chris Scogings <cscoging@UNPCS1.CS.UNP.AC.ZA>
Subject: Radio

In Message Thu, 2 Dec 1993 07:26:38 -0500, jem3@CC.BELLCORE.COM writes:

>Stay tuned, same time, same station (remembered from listening to the
>radio in my childhood.).

A (modern) kid was overheard saying to his friend:
  "A radio is a special TV without a picture"

Chris
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Chris Scogings                      Voice: (27) 331 955645
Computer Science Dept                 Fax: (27) 331 955599
University of Natal
Pietermaritzburg                   E-Mail:cscoging@unpcs1.cs.unp.ac.za
----------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 2 Dec 1993 06:55:23 GMT-6
From:    Terry Moore <RTMOORE@PCAD-ML.ACTX.EDU>
Subject: Re: Books on Italian Campaign

Rod,

Here are some more books for your consideration.

The six-volume personal memoirs of Sir Winston Churchill
Rome Fell Today by Robert H. Adleman and Col. George Walton
Return to Cassino by Harold L. Bond
Anzio:The Gamble that Failed by Martin Blumenson
The Battle of Anzio by T.R. Fehrenbach
Mussolini by Sir Ivone Kirkpatrick
Anzio by Wynford Vaughn-Thomas
The Spearheaders by James Altieri (a history of Darby's Rangers by a
participant)

This concludes the books I have read on this subject. Tomorrow, I
will start sending you titles of those I have not read but possess.

Terry

Terry Moore, Professor of German and French, Amarillo College
P.O. Box 447, Amarillo, Texas 79178, voice 806-371-5077
fax 806-371-5370

------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 2 Dec 1993 13:06:40 -0230
From:    OLAF <olaf@KEAN.UCS.MUN.CA>
Subject: Re: Books - Italian campaign

A couple of titles that I haven't seen mentioned yet:


        Dominick Graham & Shelford Bidwell, _Tug of War: The Battle for
           Italy, 1943-45 (Hodder & Stoughton 1986)


        John Strawson, _Italian Campaign_ (Carroll & Graf, 1988)

        G.J. Trengrove, "Allied Strategy and the Open City Question: Rome
            1942-1944," _War & Society_ 8, no. 2, October 1990, pp. 17-37

Olaf Janzen
Dept. of History
Sir Wilfred Grenfell College
Corner Brook, Newfoundland
A2H 6P9

------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 2 Dec 1993 12:58:40 -0600
From:    mslrc@UXA.ECN.BGU.EDU
Subject: World War Two Studies Association

...formerly the American
  Committee on the History of the Second World War

There are such committees in most WWII-involved countries.

In other countries, membership is carefully controlled.  In the U.S.,
  typically, ANYbody -- even Lou Coatney -- can be a member:
  historians (professional and amateur), wargamers, anybody.

Bob Wolf at National Archives will be the new secretary.

Don Detwiler at Southern Illinois U. is the Chairman.

ALL the big names in WWII history and authorship have or are members.

Dues are negligible.  Meetings are typically scheduled during
  American Historical Association conferences.

They used to publish an annual directory of members (and their/our
  specialties) which was worth the dues alone.

Recent editors of the (quarterly) newsletter have been publishing a
  bibliography of recent WWII-related articles and books instead.

Incidentally, just-listed was a cracking-good "review essay" in
  JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY, April 1992, "New thinking about the
  Eastern Front in World War II," by John Erickson, wherein John
  evaluates and lauds the books by David Glantz (of Ft. Leavenworth),
  etc.

World War II Studies Association
Department of History and Politics
Virginia Military Institute (for a little while longer, anyway)
Lexington, VA  24450

Lou Coatney, Western Illinois University, Macomb, IL

------------------------------

End of WWII-L Digest - 1 Dec 1993 to 2 Dec 1993
***********************************************

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Status: O

There are 7 messages totalling 586 lines in this issue.

Topics of the day:

  1. USAAF 3-5 DEC 43
  2. NIJMEGEN, 22 FEB 44
  3. QUERY: Nijmegen Bombing 2/44 (3)
  4. Vincent Price Collection Documents
  5. Navy World War II Commemorative Calendar

----------------------------------------------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 3 Dec 1993 07:16:17 -0500
From:    jem3@CC.BELLCORE.COM
Subject: USAAF 3-5 DEC 43

COMBAT CHRONOLOGY OF THE US ARMY AIR FORCES
3 - 5 DECEMBER 1943

FTP SITES
  1. ftp.rutgers.edu in directory pub/wwii/usaf
  2. byrd.mu.wvnet.edu (129.71.32.152) in pub/history/military/airforce/
     wwii_chronology

AIRCRAFT MENTIONED IN THIS REPORT:
  A-20, Douglas Havoc
  B-17, Boeing Flying Fortress
  B-24, Consolidated Liberator
  B-25, North American Mitchell
  B-26, Martin Marauder
  P-38, Lockheed Lightning
  P-39, Bell Airacobra
  P-40, Curtiss
  P-47, Republic Thunderbolt
  P-51, North American Mustang
  Spitfire, Vickers Supermarine

FRIDAY, 3 DECEMBER 1943

CHINA-BURMA-INDIA THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  CHINA (Fourteenth Air Force): 8 P-40's attack barracks and other buildings
at Wanling, China.

EUROPEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  STRATEGIC OPERATIONS (Eighth Air Force): A note from Air Chief Marshall
Sir Charles F Portal, Royal Air Force (RAF), to the Combined Chiefs of Staff
(CCS) states that OPERATION POINTBLANK, the Combined Bomber Offensive (CBO) of
the USAAF and RAF against the Luftwaffe and the German aircraft industry, is
3 months behind in relationship to the tentative date for OPERATION OVERLORD,
the overall plan for the invasion of W Europe, which had been set for 1 May
44. This brings more pressure on the Eighth Air Force to destroy industrial
plants of importance to aircraft production.
  The 365th and 366th Fighter Squadrons, 358th Fighter Group, transfer from
Goxhill, England to Leiston, England with P-47D's. They will fly their
first mission on 20 Dec.

MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  STRATEGIC OPERATIONS (Fifteenth Air Force): B-24's, with fighter escort,
hit the Rome/Casale airfield in Italy; B-26's and escorting P-38's are
recalled due to weather. Other P-38's escort a supply mission to Yugoslavia.

  TACTICAL OPERATIONS (Twelfth Air Force): The Twelfth Air Force transfers its
entire II Air Service Area Command with all of its subordinate units to the
Fifteenth Air Force, where it shortly becomes the XV Air Force Service Command.
This is a major step toward making the Fifteenth a separate, self-sufficient
air force.
  B-25's bomb harbor and marshalling yard at Sibenik, Yugoslavia. In Italy,
fighter-bombers, along with RAF Desert Air Force (DAF) airplanes, hit tanks
and trucks in the Guardiagrele-Lanciano areas. Other fighter-bombers attack
a vessel at Sibenik, Yugoslavia and vehicles and trains N of Rome. Anzio and
Nettuno, Italy are also bombed.
  The 2d Fighter Squadron, 52d Fighter Group, transfers from Boccadifalco,
Sicily to Corsica with Spitfires.

SOUTH PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Thirteenth Air Force): On Bougainville
Island in the Solomon Islands, 23 B-25's bomb Kieta Harbor and nearby supply
and bivouac areas; 6 others hit Aitara Mission; 21 B-24's pound Bonis; fighter
aircraft, USAAF and US Navy (USN) on patrol, hit targets of opportunity in
areas from Numa Numa to Koromira, at Mosiga and Chabai, and W of Rlutupina
Point; B-24's on armed reconnaissance hit a variety of targets, including
Kieta, Green Island, Greenwich Island, and Korovo.
  The 372d Bombardment Squadron (Heavy), 307th Bombardment Group (Heavy),
based on Espiritu Santo Island, New Hebrides Islands with B-24's, ceases
operating from Guadalcanal Island in the Solomon Island.

SOUTHWEST PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Fifth Air Force): In the Bismarck
Archipelago, 60+ B-24's and B-25's bomb Cape Gloucester airfield on New
Britain Island; 1 B-24 sinks several barges in Johann Albrecht Harbor while
another bombs a large transport near New Hanover Island. 20+ B-24's bomb
Waingapoe on Sumba Island in the Sunda Islands. In New Guinea, A-20's attack
villages around Finschhafen; P-47's shoot down several airplanes over Wewak.

SATURDAY, 4 DECEMBER 1943

AMERICAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  ALASKA (Eleventh Air Force): 3 bombers return early from an armed seasearch,
due to weather.

CENTRAL PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Seventh Air Force): 34 B-24's from the
Ellice Islands and Canton Island bomb Mille Atoll in the Caroline Islands;
20+ others abort due to bad weather. 8 B-24's from Funafuti Atoll in the
Ellice Islands attack Nauru Atoll in the Pacific.

CHINA-BURMA-INDIA THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  BURMA-INDIA (Tenth Air Force): In Burma, 5 B-24's mine the Rangoon River
while 12 others mine the Salween River at Moulmein during the night of 4/5
Dec.

  CHINA (Fourteenth Air Force): In China, 11 B-25's and 12 P-40's bomb
Changte, which was taken by the Japanese earlier in the day; 11 more B-25's
and 24 P-40's follow with 2 more attacks on Changte; other P-40's drop
ammunition to Chinese troops on Tehshan Mountain.

EUROPEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  STRATEGIC OPERATIONS (Eighth Air Force): VIII Bomber Command Mission 147: 4
B-17's drop 800,000 leaflets on Rouen, Lille and Paris, France at 0222-0333
hours.
  VIII Bomber Command Mission 148: 4 B-17's drop 800,000 leaflets on Le
Mans, Orleans, Tours and Laval, France at 2037-2125 hours.
  The 367th Fighter Squadron, 358th Fighter Group, transfers from Goxhill
to Leiston, England with P-47D's.

  TACTICAL OPERATIONS (Ninth Air Force): A Ninth Air Force directive
establishes Operation CROSSBOW (operations against German missile launching
sites) for the IX Bomber Command and provides a list of targets to be attacked
immediately.
  203 B-26's dispatched to attack the airfields at Chievres, Belgium and
Lille/Vendeville, France must abort mission due to bad weather.
  HQ IX Air Support Command is activated at Aldermaston Court, England.

MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS: The Second Cairo conference, Operation
SEXTANT, opens and lasts until 6 Dec. President Franklin D Roosevelt, Prime
Minister Winston S Churchill, and President Ismet Inonu of Turkey attend.
Churchill discusses the possibility of Turkey entering the war; the plan for
the amphibious assault in the Bay of Bengal is cancelled; A tentative timetable
is set up for Pacific offensive; and a unified Command is established in the
Mediterranean effective 10 Dec.

  STRATEGIC OPERATIONS (Fifteenth Air Force): All missions are cancelled by
bad weather.

  TACTICAL OPERATIONS (Twelfth Air Force): Weather grounds Twelfth Air Force
elements of Northwest African Tactical Air Force (NATAF).
  The 4th Fighter Squadron, 52d Fighter Group, transfers from Boccadifalco,
Sicily to Corsica with Spitfires.

SOUTH PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Thirteenth Air Force): On Bougainville
Island in the Solomon Islands, 21 B-24's attack Chabai; 17 B-25's follow
with a strike on the same target.

SOUTHWEST PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Fifth Air Force): On New Britain
Island in the Bismarck Archipelago, nearly 50 bombers hit Cape Gloucester
airfield and attack shore targets from Rottock Bay to Rein Bay. In New
Guinea, 12 A-20's hit villages and supply dumps in the Finshaffen area. 30+
P-40's sink an oil laden lugger and 2 barges off Bogia and bomb bridge near
Bogadjim.

SUNDAY, 5 DECEMBER 1943

CHINA-BURMA-INDIA THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  BURMA-INDIA (Tenth Air Force): In Burma during the night of 5/6 Dec, B-24's
mine waters in the Moulmein area while 5 others lay mines in the Rangoon River.

  CHINA (Fourteenth Air Force): 16 P-40's over the Changte area damage several
large supply sampans near Ansiang and strafe various targets of opportunity in
the Tehshan and Hsutu Lake areas; 20+ P-40's on patrols over the Changte area
attack numerous boats and other targets throughout the nearby lake region.

EUROPEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  STRATEGIC OPERATIONS (Eighth Air Force): VIII Bomber Command Mission 149.
Airfields in France are targetted; 8 B-17's and 1 B-24 are lost.
  1. 216 B-17's are dispatched to La Rochelle/Laleu, St Jean D'Angely,
Paris/Ivry, Paris/Bois and D'Colombes airfields; none hit the target due to
weather; 1 B-17 is damaged beyond repair and 1 damaged.
  2. 96 B-24's are dispatched to Cognac/Chateaubernard Airfield; 2 hit St
Nazaire; 1 B-24 is lost and 7 damaged; casualties are 2 WIA and 10 MIA.
  3. 236 B-17's are dispatched to the Bordeaux/Merignac air depot; 1 hits
the target; they claim 12-5-5 Luftwaffe aircraft; 8 B-17's are lost and 19
damaged; casualties are 1 KIA, 4 WIA and 50 MIA.
  These missions are escorted by 34 P-38's and 266 P-47's plus 36 Ninth Air
Force P-51's; 1 P-47 is lost; the pilot is MIA.

  TACTICAL OPERATIONS (Ninth Air Force): 52 B-26's bomb Ligescourt, Campagne-
les-Hesdin, and Saint-Josse, France. 200 others are forced to abandon the
mission because of heavy cloud cover over the targets, including V-weapon sites
which the Ninth had scheduled to attack for the first time. Ninth Air Force
P-51's from the 354th Fighter Group fly their first escort mission,
accompanying Eighth Air Force heavy bombers in a raid against targets in
the area near Amiens, France.

MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS: At the Cairo Conference, President
Roosevelt decides on General Dwight D Eisenhower as the Supreme Allied
Commander for Operation OVERLORD, the invasion of W Europe.
  The CCS issue a directive for the organization of the Mediterranean Allied
Air Forces (MAAF) consolidating British and US forces of the Mediterranean
Air Command (MAC) and Northwest African Air Force (NAAF).

  STRATEGIC OPERATIONS (Fifteenth Air Force): The 37th and 95th Bombardment
Squadrons (Medium), 17th Bombardment Group (Medium), transfer from Djedeida,
Tunisia to Villacidro, Sardinia with B-26's.

  TACTICAL OPERATIONS (Twelfth Air Force): Weather hampers medium bomber
operations, but B-25's manage to bomb a bridge at Pescara, Italy and
marshalling yard and shipyards at Split, Yugoslavia. In Italy, US fighter-
bombers and fighters (and a number of other Allied airplanes) hit gun positions
S of Chieti, Italy, a vessel in Poljud, Yugoslavia harbor (near Split), trains
and trucks W of Aquino, bridges near Mignano and Ladispoli, the town of Arezzo,
airfields at Piombino and Aviano, and building S of Garda Lake.
  HQ Twelfth Air Force transfers from Tunisia to Italy.

SOUTH PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Thirteenth Air Force): On Bougainville
Island in the Solomon Islands, 23 B-25's and 20+ USN dive bombers hit the
Monoitu, Aitara Mission, and Mosigetta area; fighter patrols hit several
areas on Bougainville and on Shortland Island, including Chabai, Numa Numa,
Mosigetta, Monoitu, and Faisi Island.

SOUTHWEST PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Fifth Air Force): 40 B-24'a bomb Cape
Gloucester on New Britain Island in the Bismarck Archipelago; A-20's destroy
small craft off New Britain. In New Guinea, A-20's hit enemy forces in
the Finschhafen area; B-25's, B-26's, and P-40's attack targets along the
Bogadjim Road.
  The 110th Reconnaissance Squadron (Fighter), 71st Reconnaissance Group,
arrives at Brisbane, Queensland, Australia from the US with P-39Q's.
  The 531st Bombardment Squadron (Heavy), 380th Bombardment Group (Heavy),
transfers from Manbulloo to Long Strip, Northern Territory, Australia with
B-24's. The group is attached to the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF).

SOURCES:
AIR FORCE COMBAT UNITS OF WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force History,
  Headquarters USAF, 1961, ISBN 0-912799-02-1
COMBAT SQUADRONS OF THE AIR FORCE, WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force
  History, Headquarters USAF 1982
THE ARMY AIR FORCES IN WORLD WAR II: COMBAT CHRONOLOGY, 1941-1945 by the
  Office of Air Force History, Headquarters USAF, 1973
THE MIGHTY EIGHTH WAR DIARY by Roger A. Freeman, ISBN 1-85409-071-2

Jack McKillop
USAF (Airways and Air Communications Service)
1955-59

-------------------------------------------------------------------
|  Jack McKillop         |  Those who have long enjoyed such      |
|  Bellcore              |  privileges as we enjoy forget in      |
|  Piscataway, NJ USA    |  time that men have died to win them.  |
|  jem3@cc.bellcore.com  |                       FDR              |
-------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 3 Dec 1993 07:23:02 -0500
From:    jem3@CC.BELLCORE.COM
Subject: NIJMEGEN, 22 FEB 44

Yesterday, Doug McCabe asked about the Eighth and Ninth Air Force
missions on 22 Feb 44.  I checked my personal sources last night
and this is what I found.

EIGHTH AIR FORCE: On 22 Feb, the 2d Bombardment Division's target was
the Me 110 assembly factory at Gotha, Germany.  The mission consisted
of 177 B-24's from the 93d, 389th, 392d, 445th, 446th, 448th and 453d
Bombardment Groups (Heavy). Bad weather had caused the formation to be
badly strung out as they crossed the English Channel and they found it
impossible to organize on the way inland.  A decision was made to
recall when they were 100 miles (160 km) inland near the Dutch-German
border.  74 B-24's dropped 208 tons (201 tons of high explosive, 7 tons
of incendiary bombs) on targets of opportunity in what they thought was
Germany.  Unfortunately, either because of faulty target identification
and/or strong winds, four cities in The Netherlands, Enschede, Arnhem,
Nijmegen and Deventer, were hit.

NINTH AIR FORCE: The Ninth Air Force's role in BIG WEEK was to attack
Luftwaffe airfields in The Netherlands.  On 22 Feb, 66 B-26's attacked
Gilze-Rijen Airfield, approximately 45 miles (72 km) SW of Nijmegen;
bad weather caused 100+ other aircraft to abort the mission.  As far as
low level attacks by Ninth Air Force B-26's, I doubt it.  They had
tried that in May 43 and lost their shirt; the "normal" B-26 formation
was 18 aircraft bombing from 12,000 feet (3,658 m) and if this was the
formation flown on 22 Feb, you would not be able to see aircrew.  As far
as light bombers are concerned, the first mission by Ninth Air Force
A-20's was flown on 3 Mar 44.

Perhaps you should contact a member of the 8th Air Force Historical
Society for help.  I know someone on this list has names and/or
addresses of people to contact.

Jack McKillop
USAF (Airways and Air Communications Service)
1955-59

-------------------------------------------------------------------
|  Jack McKillop         |  Those who have long enjoyed such      |
|  Bellcore              |  privileges as we enjoy forget in      |
|  Piscataway, NJ USA    |  time that men have died to win them.  |
|  jem3@cc.bellcore.com  |                       FDR              |
-------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 3 Dec 1993 09:28:58 -0600
From:    WILLIAM HUBER - SCDR <whuber@SADIS01.KELLY.AF.MIL>
Subject: Re: QUERY: Nijmegen Bombing 2/44

In Doug McCabe's message of  1 Dec 1993 at 2302 CST, he writes:

Hi Doug,

>     So, here are the questions:  Does anyone know if the 446th Bomb Group
>     or any other group of the Eighth Air Force bombed Nijmegen on 22
>     February 1944?  What are the details?  Does anyone have information on
>     the Ninth Air Force operations on that day?  Does anyone know what
>     archives and what materials might be in Montgomery, AL, and who I might
>     get in touch with?
>
>     Any help or suggestions will be most appreciated and, to avoid boring
>     the rest of the List, should be sent to me back channel.

Since there are a number of folks on the list interested in USAAF
history I will send this to the list.  If it bores anybody there's
always the "d" key :-)

Write to:
                Albert F. Simpson Historical Research Center
                              Air University
                           Maxwell AFB, Alabama
                                             36112-6678

I don't have a name for you because I could not find the letter they
sent me about a request I sent.  It was an Air Force officer that
answered me so you may not get the same person if you write.  They
transfer military folks fairly frequently.  I just addressed my
request the way you see it above and they got it and answered it.

Good luck,  Bill Huber
            whuber@sadis01.kelly.af.mil

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 3 Dec 1993 11:20:39 CST
From:    "AD16000@NEMOMUS.BITNET. --Scherrer,
         Tim A." <AD16%NEMOMUS.BITNET@MIZZOU1.MISSOURI.EDU>
Subject: Re: Vincent Price Collection Documents

I got to spend last night sorting through a stack of documents received
into Pickler Memorial Library at Northeast Missouri State University
from the estate of Vincent Price, the actor.  Price made regular visits
and appearances to the campus, and donated papers to the university.  I
had the opportunity to make a cursory examination of them and this is
what I found------------this is a little goldmine!

The documents belonged to a LT (jg.) George Laughlin, USNR.  He
commanded USS LCI (L) 441.  Laughlin is from one of the predominant
families in Kirksville, and I believe he knew Price.  He is deceased and
his widow lives in Kirksville today.  There are three catagories the
documents fall into: LCI 441 administrative, Overlord Plans, and Pacific
Theater information.

The LCI 441 administrative documents mainly deal with the transfer of
the ship to the Royal Navy in November of 1944.  It includes transfer
proceedures, inventories and instructions for the crew to return to
stateside.  It also includes several basic administrative documents, to
include rations vouchers, propoerty receipts and individual transfer ord
ers.

The D-Day documents are VERY interesting.  LCI 441 was scheduled to land
at H+340 minutes on Omaha beach carrying 1st Battalion, 115th Infantry,
29th Infantry Division.  The ship was apparently part of Assault force
O, to land on the western sector of Omaha.  The documents were all
stored in a 1944 Esquire calender wrapper.  The documents include:

Commander TF 122, Landing Craft Profiles, April 1944---used to check
landing craft profiles against beach gradient charts, for use on Omaha
beach East and West sectors, classified Top Secret Bigot

Task Force 124, Changes to Commander Assault Force "O" Operations Order
BB-44, includes updates to OPORD for intelligence, minesweeping plan,
movement plan, attack landing plan, gunfire support plan, commo plan,
medical plan, and reports required, dated 30 May, 1944, and classied TS

Task Force 124, Gunfire Support Annex to OPORD BB-44, lists basic fire
support task organization and schedule of fires, dated 20 May, 1944,
classified TS Neptune

Western Naval Task Force, Assault Force "O" Miscellaneos Provisions,
includes barrage balloon plan, air warning, and fighter directions,
dated 20 May, 1944, classified TS Neptune

Map, Omaha Area for Charlie, Dog, Easy and Fox beaches, 1:12,500 scale
dated 6 April, 1944, classified TS

Map, Omaha Beach, Colleville-Sur-Mer, 1:12,500 scale, dated May 1944,
classified TS until issued to troops, then Secret

Map, Omaha Beach, Vierville-sur-mer, 1:5,000 scale, dated 21 May, 1944,
classified TS Bigot

Chart, Omaha Assault Area Reference BA2073, designates fire support
areas and assault lanes, no date, classified TS

Chart OPORD Annex E, Landing Diagram Omaha Beach, chart shows all of
Omaha beach and timetable for landing by H minute schedule from H-10 to
H+330 minutes.  Lists ship numbers and assigned troops to company
level.This document is the best of the litter, and has unbelievable
detail.

Omaha Beach, Visual ID chart, has imagery and drawings---all correlated
to a map of Omhah Beach.

Pacific Theater Documents:

CINCPAC Bulletin 173-45, Japanese Military Caves on Peleliu, "Know your
Enemy" series document, details Japanese caves construction, dated 23
July, 1945, secret

U.S. Fleet HQ Commander In Chief, Amphibious Operations, Capture of Iwo
Jima, 16 February to 16 March, after action report of operation, secret

Imagery, uncontrolled mosaic Izumi Airfield, Kyushu, Japan, Imagery of
Sortie from CV17-429-FV-18 March, 1945, post strike imagery--shows
burning hangers and a F-4U over target area, secret

Map, JICPOA, Enemy Defense Installations as observed from Ground Study,
19 February-19 March, 1945, Iwo Jima, confidential

Needless to say--I had a fun evening----I will begin doing some more
digging on these documents and see what I can come up
with---unfortunately I will be out of town all next week and unable to
look at them for a week.  They will be stored in Pickler Memorial
Library, probably in Special Collections, and will probably be available
for public use at the library.

The d-day documents were impressive--these were probably LCI 441's.  I'm
not sure of the rarity of these items, although I know they are very
valuable for research.  So---what do you think about these????????????
Rare or run of the mill???????????

************************************************************************
*  Tim A. Scherrer          "You'll be fighting WWII for the rest of   *
*  Facilities Supervisor     your life", Ron Scherrer, 1971            *
*  WP:816-785-5253                                                     *
*  HP:816-665-6704                                                     *
*  ID# AD16%NEMOMUS@ACADEMIC.NEMOSTATE.EDU                             *
************************************************************************

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 3 Dec 1993 13:30:35 EST
From:    Crane Conrad LTC <kc5318@USMA7.USMA.EDU>
Subject: Re: QUERY: Nijmegen Bombing 2/44

>In Doug McCabe's message of  1 Dec 1993 at 2302 CST, he writes:
>
>Hi Doug,
>
>>     So, here are the questions:  Does anyone know if the 446th Bomb Group
>>     or any other group of the Eighth Air Force bombed Nijmegen on 22
>>     February 1944?  What are the details?  Does anyone have information on
>>     the Ninth Air Force operations on that day?  Does anyone know what
>>     archives and what materials might be in Montgomery, AL, and who I might
>>     get in touch with?
>>
>>     Any help or suggestions will be most appreciated and, to avoid boring
>>     the rest of the List, should be sent to me back channel.
>
>Since there are a number of folks on the list interested in USAAF
>history I will send this to the list.  If it bores anybody there's
>always the "d" key :-)
>
>Write to:
>                Albert F. Simpson Historical Research Center
>                              Air University
>                           Maxwell AFB, Alabama
>                                             36112-6678
>
>I don't have a name for you because I could not find the letter they
>sent me about a request I sent.  It was an Air Force officer that
>answered me so you may not get the same person if you write.  They
>transfer military folks fairly frequently.  I just addressed my
>request the way you see it above and they got it and answered it.
>
>Good luck,  Bill Huber
>            whuber@sadis01.kelly.af.mil


Bill,
     They have recently changed the name to The Air Force Historical Research
Agency.
                              Con Crane

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 3 Dec 1993 15:49:20 -0600
From:    WILLIAM HUBER - SCDR <whuber@SADIS01.KELLY.AF.MIL>
Subject: Re: QUERY: Nijmegen Bombing 2/44

In LTC Crane's message of  3 Dec 1993 at 1430 CST, he writes:
> >
> >Write to:
> >                Albert F. Simpson Historical Research Center
> >                              Air University
> >                           Maxwell AFB, Alabama
> >                                             36112-6678
> >
> >Good luck,  Bill Huber
> >            whuber@sadis01.kelly.af.mil
>
>
> Bill,
>      They have recently changed the name to The Air Force Historical Research
> Agency.
>                               Con Crane

Hi LTC Crane,

Is the rest of the address still correct?  Thanks for the update.

Ciao, Bill

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 3 Dec 1993 17:39:57 -0600
From:    CAPT Tim Taylor USN <ttaylor@PENS-EMH3.NCTS.NAVY.MIL>
Subject: Navy World War II Commemorative Calendar

The Navy & Marine Corps World War II Commemorative Committee has
recently begun compiling a calendar and invites event planners to
submit information about World War II commemorative events relating
to the Navy, Marines or Coast Guard.  Your inputs should include a
telephone number for more information and may be emailed to
tim.taylor@ncts.navy.mil or faxed to (703) 697-2767 or sent by U.S.
mail to the Navy & Marine Corps World War II Commemorative
Committee, Navy Office of Information, The Pentagon, Room 2E352,
Washington, DC 20350-1200.  The calendar will be updated
periodically and will be offered to the WWII-L mailing list, the
soc.veterans newsgroup, and the byrd archive.  Your suggestions for
improving this product or its distribution are invited.

-----------------------------------------------------------------
    NAVY & MARINE CORPS WORLD WAR II COMMEMORATIVE COMMITTEE
          A service of Navy Chief of Information Office
                    (703)695-3161/DSN 225-3161
-----------------------------------------------------------------

WORLD WAR II COMMEMORATIVE EVENTS - Updated 1 Dec 93

     This file lists the date of the event, the group hosting the
event, what the event is, where the event will take place, and the
name of a person to contact for more information.

Open indefinitely: National Archives exhibit, "Ten American
Presidents: Their Roles in World War II"; contributions of Franklin
D. Roosevelt through George Bush are sketched in this commemorative
display; National Archives' Pennsylvania Avenue lobby; (202)
501-5000.

Through Jan. 31:  National Archives exhibit, "Buddies, Soldiers and
Animals in World War II," 36 photographs of animals that assisted
U.S. forces; West Lounge of the Rotunda; (202) 501-5000.

Dec. 3: National Archives film, "Pearl Harbor--Surprise and
Remembrance," a 1991 documentary that explores prewar attitudes of
Americans toward Japan that led to unpreparedness in the Pacific.
Includes a visit to the present-day Arizona Memorial and firsthand
accounts of Pearl Harbor survivors; noon, National Archives'
Theater.  (202) 501-5000.

Dec. 6-9:  National Archives' musical,  "I Can't Come Home for
Christmas: A Musical Salute to the USO and ENSA of World War II."
Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday at 7:30 p.m. and Tuesday and Thursday
at noon in the National Archives Theater;  (202) 501- 5000.

Dec. 6-9:  National Archives' musical,  "I Can't Come Home for
Christmas: A Musical Salute to the USO and ENSA (the British
equivalent organization) of World War II." Monday, Tuesday and
Wednesday at 7:30 p.m. and Tuesday and Thursday at noon in the
National Archives Theater;  (202) 501-5000.

Dec. 7:  Lecture, "Daddy's Gone to War:  the Second World War in
the Lives of America's Children," presented by author William M.
Tuttle Jr.; 7 p.m. at the Navy Museum, Washington, D.C., Navy Yard.
Free; for reservations call (202) 433-4882.

-----------------------------------------------------------------
    Navy & Marine Corps World War II Commemorative Committee
               Navy Office of Information (CHINFO)
                     The Pentagon, Room 2E352
                    Washington, DC  20350-1200
-----------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

End of WWII-L Digest - 2 Dec 1993 to 3 Dec 1993
***********************************************

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To: Recipients of WWII-L digests <WWII-L@UBVM.cc.buffalo.edu>
Status: O

There are 4 messages totalling 73 lines in this issue.

Topics of the day:

  1. Books on Italian Campaign
  2. QUERY: Nijmegen Bombing 2/44
  3. ADMIN: INDEX option?
  4. <No subject given>

----------------------------------------------------------------------

Date:    Sat, 4 Dec 1993 08:06:36 -0500
From:    Bob Smart <bsmart@SMART.COM>
Subject: Re: Books on Italian Campaign

> Hi All,
>
> I'm trying to start to build a library on book son the Italian Campaign.
> I was wondering what people out there would suggest?
>
> Rod Holmes
> rholmes@dhvx20.csudh.edu

In the 'Green Book' series

'Cassino to the Alps' stock number 008-029-00095-4 $30.00
'Sicily and the Surrender of Italy' s/n 008-029-00078-4 $20.00
 from the Government Printing Office

This is from the latest subject list so they should be in stock.
I know Larry has put out info on the GPO before but if you need it
I can give you contact info.

Bob Smart (bsmart@smart.com)

------------------------------

Date:    Sat, 4 Dec 1993 09:33:10 -0500
From:    Kevin Kamphaus <usr5066a@TSO.UC.EDU>
Subject: Re: QUERY: Nijmegen Bombing 2/44

Bill,

How long did it take for you to get a response? I wrote to them several
months ago in regard to my fathers signal battalion. I had called the
phone number in Virginia before that and they told me that they had
some information and to send a written request to Maxwell AFB. I did
but so far no response. Any suggestions?

Thanks,
Kevin Kamphaus
usr5066a@tsol.uc.edu

------------------------------

Date:    Sat, 4 Dec 1993 09:58:50 EST
From:    Larry & Kim Jewell <jewell@MACE.CC.PURDUE.EDU>
Subject: ADMIN: INDEX option?

Is anyone using the INDEX option for wwii-l, or any other list run from UBVM?
If so have you had any problems with it?

For those not familiar with INDEX, I'll be posting a note on it as soon as I
find out if it's a workable option. Short answer is it lets you pick and
choose the postings you want from a list of the subject lines (as I under-
stand it).

Larry J

JEWELL@MACE.CC.PURDUE.EDU; Listowner: WWII-L; Moderator: BYRD.MU.WVNET.EDU
"Sunday's horoscope is note worthy because of its strange, sudden and wholly
unpredictable and inexplicable occurrences, affecting all phases of life."
Your Horoscope" L.A. Evening Herald Express, Sat, 12/06/41

------------------------------

Date:    Sat, 4 Dec 1993 23:33:18 -0500
From:    "Christopher J. Dawson" <bp866@CLEVELAND.FREENET.EDU>
Subject: <No subject given>

---SUBSCRIBE WWII-L Christopher J. Dawson Cleveland State University

------------------------------

End of WWII-L Digest - 3 Dec 1993 to 4 Dec 1993
***********************************************

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Subject:  WWII-L Digest - 4 Dec 1993 to 5 Dec 1993
To: Recipients of WWII-L digests <WWII-L@UBVM.cc.buffalo.edu>
Status: O

There are 8 messages totalling 170 lines in this issue.

Topics of the day:

  1. Hmmm... (3)
  2. KATYN
  3. Post it by all means...
  4. NO SUBJECT
  5. REF: Tiger I heavy tank 1942-1945  Osprey NV5
  6. Duty to Nation

----------------------------------------------------------------------

Date:    Sat, 4 Dec 1993 22:34:19 EST
From:    rod holmes <rholmes@DHVX20.CSUDH.EDU>
Subject: Hmmm...

Hi Everyone,


I'm looking to get some feedbAck on this paper I'm writing on the decision
by the Americans not to have a naval bombardment before the landings at
Salerno. Would anyone here have a problem with me posting it here?

Rod Holmes
rholmes@dhvx20.csudh.edu

------------------------------

Date:    Sun, 5 Dec 1993 18:23:09 +1100
From:    George PISZCZUK <PHGPI@CC.NEWCASTLE.EDU.AU>
Subject: KATYN

April 13, 1943 German radio reported the discovery of mass graves at Katym.

This was the start of a campain by Goebbels to split the Western - Soviet
alliance.

I understand that members of the Polish People's Army, under Berling, were
subjected to the Soviet version of events at Katyn.  Polish POWS and Polish
Labour Camps were provided with the German version.

Were the Poles under Anders subjected to similar propoganda?

Did Goebbles have any recorded success in swaying Polish opinion or gaining any
support in favour of the Germans, based on events at Katyn?

George Piszczuk

PHGI@cc.newcastle.edu.au

------------------------------

Date:    Sun, 5 Dec 1993 01:46:45 CST
From:    Steve Alvin <salvin@HEARTLAND.BRADLEY.EDU>
Subject: Re: Hmmm...

How long is it?  If it is more than 10,000 characters, I'd have
a problem because of a limited mailbox.  I'd hate to have it
cause mail to be returned because my box is filled!  Why not
talk to Larry about having it sent to Byrd.  Then, anyone who
wanted to look at it could go get it and those of us with limited
space won't be hurt.

--
Steve Alvin
salvin@heartland.bradley.edu

------------------------------

Date:    Sun, 5 Dec 1993 04:28:16 EST5EDT
From:    Jon Kay <JONKAY@MINMET.LAN.MCGILL.CA>
Subject: Post it by all means...

That sounds like a neat essay. I'd like to see it posted.
JONKAY@MINMET.LAN.MCGILL.CA

------------------------------

Date:    Sun, 5 Dec 1993 08:21:28 EST
From:    Larry & Kim Jewell <jewell@MACE.CC.PURDUE.EDU>
Subject: Re: Hmmm...

>
> Hi Everyone,
>
> I'm looking to get some feedbAck on this paper I'm writing on the decision
> by the Americans not to have a naval bombardment before the landings at
> Salerno. Would anyone here have a problem with me posting it here?

  This is one of the things this list was created for. Feel free to post it,
but remember that some people have limited size on their mailboxes, so if it
long you might want to post it in sections. (Anything over 32K gets trunced
in some systems.)

> Rod Holmes
> rholmes@dhvx20.csudh.edu

Larry J

JEWELL@MACE.CC.PURDUE.EDU; Listowner: WWII-L; Moderator: BYRD.MU.WVNET.EDU
"Sunday's horoscope is note worthy because of its strange, sudden and wholly
unpredictable and inexplicable occurrences, affecting all phases of life."
Your Horoscope" L.A. Evening Herald Express, Sat, 12/06/41

------------------------------

Date:    Sun, 5 Dec 1993 07:57:46 PST
From:    CLYJEM@TEVM2.NSC.COM
Subject: NO SUBJECT

FROM: lee yu jin
SUBJECT:
SUBSCRIBE wwii -l Lee Yujin

------------------------------

Date:    Sun, 5 Dec 1993 21:30:56 -0500
From:    Akira Takiguchi <akira@ATSON.ASAHI-NP.CO.JP>
Subject: REF: Tiger I heavy tank 1942-1945  Osprey NV5

     One of the most "favorite" of German AFV buffs, the Tiger tank, has
produced a lot of books so far.  This book by Tomas Jentz and Hilary Doyle,
though consisted of only 48 pages, is definitely a new "reference" work.

     As seen in their contribution to Spielberger's recent Militaerfahrzeuge
series, there is a plenty of new information derived from many years of
research of original German documents.  Production modification history is
traced month by month, and concise history of each heavy tank detachment
(including seldom documented miscellaneous smaller formations) is there.
Beautiful color plates are also helpful for modellers.  Most photographs
are familiar to me, except one which shows vehicle "C01" (11th company,
Grossdeutschland division), but this book's virtue is in the text.  Highly
recommended.  In the past few years, Japanese AFV manias have contributed
a lot to the production modification history research from photographic
evidence ("Achtung Panzer" series).  It will be an interesting process to
match their research with Tom's bibliographical work!

     Following are a couple of interesting points.

o  Experimental vehicle numbers are shown with a dot in it (like VK 45.01).
o  On page 37, the author says that Das Reich's "S33" had been transferred
   from Leibstandarte's Tiger company.  This tank, commanded at this time
   by Walter Reibold, has been believed to have been the same tank as the
   "happy" Tiger (during the Kursk offensive, crew - commander Johann
   Reinhardt, later Hans Soretz - painted a Chinese "happy" charm on it).
   If Tom's account is true, it indicates that original "S33" was destroyed
   before winter (charms didn't help!).  By the way, the author still use
   "Gnone" to describe Tiger company's emblem.  It really was called a
   "Springerteuffel" (jumping devil), a classic Russian charm used to
   "bless" one's enemy.
--
      Akira Takiguchi  VP, ATSON, Inc.  (a subsidiary of the Asahi Shimbun)
             CANAL TOWER  9-3 Nihonbashi-Koamicho Chuo-ku Tokyo 103  Japan
   +81 3 3666 2881(voice) 2882(fax)  EMAIL TO <akira@atson.asahi-np.co.jp>

------------------------------

Date:    Sun, 5 Dec 1993 20:32:24 -0600
From:    Lakeville Senior High <0194lsh@TIES.K12.MN.US>
Subject: Duty to Nation

Besides being a WW2 and computer fan, I also coach a high school debate
team.  We've just picked up our new topic and I'm thinking maybe I can get
a little help on our topic.

Our resolution is, Resolved: That individuals are morally obligated to
risk their lives for their country.  Reactions?

I'm looking for both practical (historical) and theoretical
(philosophical) texts or articles that discuss this issue in the context
of military service.  Because we debate both sides of the resolution,
information on either side is helpful.

Thanking you in advance,

Andy Charrier
Lakeville High School
Lakeville, Minnesota
612/469-7352 x 315

------------------------------

End of WWII-L Digest - 4 Dec 1993 to 5 Dec 1993
***********************************************

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Status: O

There are 18 messages totalling 824 lines in this issue.

Topics of the day:

  1. German aircraft carrier (4)
  2. USAAF 6 DEC 43
  3. Hmmm...
  4. QUERY: Nijmegen Bombing 2/44
  5. Duty to Nation
  6. KATYN
  7. Manpower Requirements (2)
  8. Manpower Requirements for tanks
  9. Unsubscribe
 10. Sikorsky (was Re: KATYN)
 11. NO MAIL (2)
 12. Pearl Harbor Day
 13. Salerno paper (long)

----------------------------------------------------------------------

Date:    Mon, 6 Dec 1993 09:53:30 MET
From:    Ireneusz Jakobik <SCUD@PLSZUS11.BITNET>
Subject: German aircraft carrier

Hello all,
I'd like to know something more about German aircraft carrier Graf Zeppelin.
Germans had started to build her during the war, but later the order for her
was cancelled. They even built over 100 Ju-87 with landing hook and other
features common for aircraft carrier based aircraft. I have following questions
about Graf Zeppelin: Who ordered to build her? Would her be the only one German
aircraft carrier? What would be the use of her (invasion of Britain from the
north-west, or what)?, and finally why Germans cancelled order for Graf
Zeppelin?
-Irek.

------------------------------

Date:    Mon, 6 Dec 1993 07:11:16 -0500
From:    jem3@CC.BELLCORE.COM
Subject: USAAF 6 DEC 43

COMBAT CHRONOLOGY OF THE US ARMY AIR FORCES
MONDAY, 6 DECEMBER 1943
FTP SITES
  1. ftp.rutgers.edu in directory pub/wwii/usaf
  2. byrd.mu.wvnet.edu (129.71.32.152) in pub/history/military/airforce/
     wwii_chronology

AIRCRAFT MENTIONED IN THIS REPORT:
  A-20, Douglas Havoc
  A-36, North American Apache
  B-17, Boeing Flying Fortress
  B-24, Consolidated Liberator
  B-25, North American Mitchell
  B-26, Martin Marauder
  Beaufighter, Bristol
  P-39, Bell Airacobra
  P-40, Curtiss

CHINA-BURMA-INDIA THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  CHINA (Fourteenth Air Force): In China, Changte is pounded throughout the
day by 30+ B-25's and numerous fighters; other fighters strafe targets of
opportunity in the railway yard at Hsipaw and damage a train at Hopong.

EUROPEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  TACTICAL OPERATIONS (Ninth Air Force): HQ 70th Fighter Wing transfers
from Greenham Common to Boxted, England while HQ 100th Fighter Wing transfers
from Boxted to Greenham Common.

MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  STRATEGIC OPERATIONS (Fifteenth Air Force): In Greece, 45 B-24's bomb
Eleusis Airfield while 56 B-17's hit Kalamaki Airfield; other B-17's return
to base with bombs because of a heavy overcast; the heavy bombers and
escorting P-38's claim several enemy fighters shot down; 1 B-24 is lost to
flak.
  The 34th Bombardment Squadron (Medium), 17th Bombardment Group (Medium),
transfers from Djedeida, Tunisia to Villacidro, Sardinia.

  TACTICAL OPERATIONS (Twelfth Air Force): In Italy, P-40 and A-36 fighter-
bombers bomb bridges at Ceprano and W of Mignano; weather cancels other
operations.
  The 91st Fighter Squadron, 81st Fighter Group, transfers from
Castelvetrano, Sicily to Montecorvino Airfield, Italy with P-39's.
  The 347th Fighter Squadron, 350th Fighter Group, transfers from Rerhaia,
Algeria to Corsica with P-39's.
  A detachment of the 415th Night Fighter Squadron, 64th Fighter Wing, based
at Cantania, Sicily, begins operating from Gaudo Airfield, Italy with
Beaufighters.

SOUTH PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Thirteenth Air Force): On Bougainville
Island in the Solomon Islands, 6 B-25's bomb the Monoitu Mission area, and 24
others, with fighter support, pound Tarlena village; P-40's carry out a
strafing strike in the Arawa Bay area near Kieta; P-38's strafe W the coast
of Buka Island; general fighter patrols strafe the Chabai, Koromira, and
Monoitu areas; the Kieta supply area is bombed by a B-24 on armed
reconnaissance.

SOUTHWEST PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Fifth Air Force): On New Britain
Island in the Bismarck Archipelago, nearly 100 B-24's and B-25's hit the Cape
Gloucester and Borgen Bay areas; P-40's strafe Cape Hoskins. In New Guinea,
A-20's and B-25's attack villages and supply dumps around Finschhafen.

SOURCES:
AIR FORCE COMBAT UNITS OF WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force History,
  Headquarters USAF, 1961, ISBN 0-912799-02-1
COMBAT SQUADRONS OF THE AIR FORCE, WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force
  History, Headquarters USAF 1982
THE ARMY AIR FORCES IN WORLD WAR II: COMBAT CHRONOLOGY, 1941-1945 by the
  Office of Air Force History, Headquarters USAF, 1973
THE MIGHTY EIGHTH WAR DIARY by Roger A. Freeman, ISBN 1-85409-071-2

Jack McKillop
USAF (Airways and Air Communications Service)
1955-59

-------------------------------------------------------------------
|  Jack McKillop         |  Those who have long enjoyed such      |
|  Bellcore              |  privileges as we enjoy forget in      |
|  Piscataway, NJ USA    |  time that men have died to win them.  |
|  jem3@cc.bellcore.com  |                       FDR              |
-------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

Date:    Mon, 6 Dec 1993 09:00:46 EST
From:    Charles Reace <creace@ISD.CSC.COM>
Subject: Re: Hmmm...

> I'm looking to get some feedbAck on this paper I'm writing on the decision
> by the Americans not to have a naval bombardment before the landings at
> Salerno. Would anyone here have a problem with me posting it here?
>
> Rod Holmes
> rholmes@dhvx20.csudh.edu

Rod, unless it's a *very* short paper, I would recommend finding an FTP
site which would allow you to upload it, then post a message telling us
where to find it.  If the WWII-L listowner is amenable, perhaps you can
upload it here?

Alternatively, you could just ask for direct responses to you from any
who are interested, and e-mail them direct.  I for one would not mind
a chance to read your paper, having recently read _Salerno_:_a_Military_
Fiasco_.

  __|  __|  __|  |  Charles Reace <creace@isd.csc.com>
_|   _|   _|     |
 |       | |     |  Computer Sciences Corp., Integrated Systems Div.
 ___|____/ ___|  |  304 W. Rte. 38, Moorestown, NJ 08057

------------------------------

Date:    Mon, 6 Dec 1993 09:09:33 EST
From:    Crane Conrad LTC <kc5318@USMA7.USMA.EDU>
Subject: Re: QUERY: Nijmegen Bombing 2/44

>In LTC Crane's message of  3 Dec 1993 at 1430 CST, he writes:
>> >
>> >Write to:
>> >                Albert F. Simpson Historical Research Center
>> >                              Air University
>> >                           Maxwell AFB, Alabama
>> >                                             36112-6678
>> >
>> >Good luck,  Bill Huber
>> >            whuber@sadis01.kelly.af.mil
>>
>>
>> Bill,
>>      They have recently changed the name to The Air Force Historical Researc
h
>> Agency.
>>                               Con Crane
>
>Hi LTC Crane,
>
>Is the rest of the address still correct?  Thanks for the update.
>
>Ciao, Bill
>

Yes, the rest is the same.
                                Con

------------------------------

Date:    Mon, 6 Dec 1993 09:24:25 EST
From:    Robert E George <regeorge@MAGNUS.ACS.OHIO-STATE.EDU>
Subject: Re: German aircraft carrier

>
> Hello all,
> I'd like to know something more about German aircraft carrier Graf Zeppelin.
> Germans had started to build her during the war, but later the order for her
> was cancelled. They even built over 100 Ju-87 with landing hook and other
> features common for aircraft carrier based aircraft. I have following questio
ns
> about Graf Zeppelin: Who ordered to build her? Would her be the only one Germ
an
> aircraft carrier? What would be the use of her (invasion of Britain from the
> north-west, or what)?, and finally why Germans cancelled order for Graf
> Zeppelin?
> -Irek.
>
There is a book by Siegfried Breyer entitled "Graf Zeppelin" which will
answer these questions and which also contains a great deal of data, photos,
plans, etc.
William Green's book on warplanes of the 3rd Reich has articles on some
of the aircraft intended for carrier deployment -- see Arado and Fieseler.

Germany was also building a sister ship to the Graf Zeppelin. The intended
role of the carriers was apparently to support surface raiding groups, rather
than to invade Britain.


Regards,
Rob George

------------------------------

Date:    Mon, 6 Dec 1993 09:36:29 EST
From:    Robert E George <regeorge@MAGNUS.ACS.OHIO-STATE.EDU>
Subject: Re: Duty to Nation

>
> Besides being a WW2 and computer fan, I also coach a high school debate
> team.  We've just picked up our new topic and I'm thinking maybe I can get
> a little help on our topic.
>
> Our resolution is, Resolved: That individuals are morally obligated to
> risk their lives for their country.  Reactions?

     Let's take the above statement apart:

     "for their country" -- does that mean "for their country's survival"
or "for their country's interests" or "for their country's honor" ?

     I can imagine many people answering differently depending on which
interpretation one attaches.

     "risk their lives" -- I note this is not synonymous with military service
(police officers, intelligence operatives, et cetera may risk their lives)

     I also note that a dedicated conscientious objector might  answer
affirmatively, since a c.o. could risk his/her life ( as a medic) for the
country without endangering other human lives.
>
> I'm looking for both practical (historical) and theoretical
> (philosophical) texts or articles that discuss this issue in the context
> of military service.  Because we debate both sides of the resolution,
> information on either side is helpful.
>

     MacArthur, being very vocal and deeply committed to the military
ethos, spoke often of patriotism as being honorable , "the highest encomium"
one could receive. See his memoirs for an expansion of this theme.


     On the other side, you might explore a catchphrase of 1939, "Why die
for Danzig", mean why should a Frenchman endanger his life fighting Germany
simply because of the French guarantee to Poland. I don't know the details,
so please report back anything you find out !


> Thanking you in advance,
>
> Andy Charrier
> Lakeville High School
> Lakeville, Minnesota
> 612/469-7352 x 315
>
Regards,
Rob George

------------------------------

Date:    Mon, 6 Dec 1993 09:35:27 -0600
From:    mslrc@UXA.ECN.BGU.EDU
Subject: Re: KATYN

George,

     Your questions pertain to my masters thesis!

     Generals Anders and Sikorski were deeply concerned about
the (potentially violent, disruptive) reaction of Free Polish
forces to the news/confirmation of Katyn.  (Many Free Poles
suspected the Soviets had murdered the officers and cadets in
Spring 1940, since their mail had stopped.  Also, the Soviet
claim that the Polish POWs had been recaptured and murdered
by the Germans was dubious, since it was only made after the
exposure of Katyn in 1943.)

     Goebbels was exultant, claiming that this was the most effec-
tive disruption of Allied relations to be made by Nazi propaganda.
It also distracted from the Nazi extermination of the Warsaw
Ghetto.

     There is no indication whatsoever that the Poles were in-
clined to feel friendlier to the Germans who were only
exterminating Jews (including Polish Jews) with greater frequency.
The Polish Red Cross did send a delegation to Katyn to observe
the disinterrment.

     However, within a couple weeks -- under British and U.S.
pressure.  General Sikorski -- the Free Polish leader in London
-- did withdrawal the Government-in-Exile request for an impar-
tial International Red Cross investigation (which Stalin used
as a pretext for declaring the Poles to be collaborating with
the Nazis and for breaking off diplomatic relations.)

     Sikorski died soon after, in July 1943, in a mysterious
plane crash at Gibraltar.  Kim Philby, involved in counter-
intelligence operations in the area, has been suggested as a
coordinator of sabotage, but that has not (yet) been proven.

     Despite Katyn, and the obvious betrayal of the truth for
reasons of Allied expediency, Polish forces continued to
fight valiantly in the Mediterranean and other theaters.

     Thank you for your question.

Lou Coatney, Western Illinois University, Macomb, IL

     I'm interested in our net governor's offer to put my
thesis on "byrd" and make it accessible/available.

------------------------------

Date:    Mon, 6 Dec 1993 09:59:06 CST
From:    phyllis soybel <U09113@UICVM.BITNET>
Subject: Re: German aircraft carrier

On Mon, 6 Dec 1993 09:53:30 MET Ireneusz Jakobik said:
>I'd like to know something more about German aircraft carrier Graf Zeppelin.
>Germans had started to build her during the war, but later the order for her
>was cancelled. They even built over 100 Ju-87 with landing hook and other
>features common for aircraft carrier based aircraft. I have following questions
>about Graf Zeppelin: Who ordered to build her? Would her be the only one German
>aircraft carrier? What would be the use of her (invasion of Britain from the
>north-west, or what)?, and finally why Germans cancelled order for Graf
>Zeppelin?
>-Irek.

Irek,
She was ordered built primarily because great navies had aircraft carriers.
However, German commitments were not to the Navy, but to the Army and
Luftwaffe. In general the Germans had little interest, given the also
general belief that victory would come on land and in the air. She was not
intended to be the sole aircraft carrier, but when orders came to shut down
construction, she became the only one and even then uncompleted. The Germans
ordered the work stopped probably for several reasons: 1) the surface fleet
was considered a failure by many and there were those, including Hitler
himself, who no longer felt the project worthwhile; 2) the material
necessary went to Goering and the Luftwaffe, the Army, etc--it was low
priority; 3) the part of the Navy which was successful--the U-Boat arm--
received higher priority on material and labor, although this did not
mean that Doenitz was any happier with his share of the war production. He
was forever trying to drum up more.

These are general observations. Hope it helps somewhat.

Phyllis Soybel, University of Illinois at Chicago

------------------------------

Date:    Mon, 6 Dec 1993 12:17:18 -0600
From:    Joe Pohlmann <pohlmann@PPCLUS.MONSANTO.COM>
Subject: Manpower Requirements

        A friend of mine and I got into an argument about the manpower
requirements to build different armor during the war.  Is it true, as I
say, that the Tiger tank was hand made and very time consuming, while the
Sherman was simplistic in nature and made quite quickly on an assembly
line.  My friend believes that manpower was not a driving factor in
production, that it was lack of resources that kept tank building down.  I
expect that is the case to a lesser degree, but the fact that the Tiger
took much longer to build and was not as "maintainable" as the Sherman also
had an impact.

        My question is:  Does anyone have manpower requirements to build
the various tanks?  I was most interested in late German tanks and
Shermans, but requirements for other tanks (T-34's, Cromwells, Pershings)
would also be interesting.


Thanks in advance for the help.


Joe Pohlmann
Process Systems Engineer
Monsanto Port Plastics
pohlmann@ppclus.monsanto.com
(513) 467-2106

------------------------------

Date:    Mon, 6 Dec 1993 15:52:55 EST5EDT
From:    Jon Kay <JONKAY@MINMET.LAN.MCGILL.CA>
Subject: Re: Manpower Requirements for tanks

> My question is:  Does anyone have manpower requirements to
> build
> the various tanks?  I was most interested in late German tanks and
> Shermans, but requirements for other tanks (T-34's, Cromwells, Pershings)
> would also be interesting.
>
>

I don't have any specific data but I'm pretty sure that the T-34 was
the quickest, dirtiest, easisest-built tank of the war. The Russians
were really able to pump them out by the end of the war.JONKAY@MINMET.LAN.MCGILL.CA

------------------------------

Date:    Mon, 6 Dec 1993 16:06:28 EST
From:    Charles Reace <creace@ISD.CSC.COM>
Subject: Re: Manpower Requirements

>From Joe Pohlmann:
>         My question is:  Does anyone have manpower requirements to build
> the various tanks?  I was most interested in late German tanks and
> Shermans, but requirements for other tanks (T-34's, Cromwells, Pershings)
> would also be interesting.

I can't give you any numbers right now, but I believe you're correct that
the Tiger, and the Panther as well, required significantly more man-hours
and overall time to produce than the Sherman on a per unit basis.  This is
due in part to the Sherman being an overall simpler design, but is also
due to the the Sherman being purposely designed to utilize automotive and
heavy equipment parts and manufacturing facilities.  This helped
minimize the retooling of factories in order to produce the tank.

Unfortunately, the designers failed to interpret the trend in tank armor
and firepower, so our soldiers were almost always at a disadvantage in
tank-to-tank combat.  But we produced so many that for each location
where we were losing tanks to German tanks, we had as many attacking in
locations where there were few/no German tanks.

Also, the Tiger was much slower than the Sherman; so once any were
encountered the US tankers could often outflank them and either
eventually get flank/rear shots, or more likely leave them to the air
force.  In fact, I would say it was the US's air superiority more than
any other factor that allowed the Shermans to "beat" the German tanks
(along with our plentiful and well-managed artillery).

Oh well, just a few thoughts.  Knowing the people on this list, you'll
probably get some hard numbers soon!

  __|  __|  __|  |  Charles Reace <creace@isd.csc.com>
_|   _|   _|     |
 |       | |     |  Computer Sciences Corp., Integrated Systems Div.
 ___|____/ ___|  |  304 W. Rte. 38, Moorestown, NJ 08057

------------------------------

Date:    Mon, 6 Dec 1993 17:35:39 -0330
From:    CHILL <tpardy@MORGAN.UCS.MUN.CA>
Subject: Unsubscribe

unsubscribe tpardy@morgan.ucs.mun.ca

Sorry, I have to unsubcribe, my mail box is getting too cluttered.
I have enjoyed reading all of the posts and thanks to all those who who
have assisted with my research.

Todd Pardy


   Laying face down on the ground. My fingers in my ears to block the sound
          My eyes shut tight to avoid the sight. Anticipating the end,
                          losing the will to fight
                        MIKE PATTON of FAITH NO MORE

------------------------------

Date:    Mon, 6 Dec 1993 23:42:26 +0100
From:    Emmanuel Gustin <gustin@NAT2.UIA.AC.BE>
Subject: Sikorsky (was Re: KATYN)

On Mon, 6 Dec 1993 mslrc@UXA.ECN.BGU.EDU wrote:

>      Sikorski died soon after, in July 1943, in a mysterious
> plane crash at Gibraltar.  Kim Philby, involved in counter-
> intelligence operations in the area, has been suggested as a
> coordinator of sabotage, but that has not (yet) been proven.

I've read an investigation in this accident shortly ago -- In 'Aeroplane
Monthly' or 'Flypast', one of both. According to this source, a bag was
blown out through an open hatch (the aircraft of this time were rather
draughty) and hit the tail, blocking the controls of Sikorsky's B-24.
Yes, the hatch should have been closed, but there is no other evidence
for sabotage.

BTW Lou, I was not in anti-US marches waving the VC flag. One reason: I
was born in '68. Another reason: I disagree with such opnions as much as
I disagree with yours... If that is consolating...

Emmanuel Gustin

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 7 Dec 1993 00:09:51 +0100
From:    Emmanuel Gustin <gustin@NAT2.UIA.AC.BE>
Subject: Re: German aircraft carrier

On Mon, 6 Dec 1993, Ireneusz Jakobik wrote:

> Hello all,
> I'd like to know something more about German aircraft carrier Graf Zeppelin.
> Germans had started to build her during the war, but later the order for her
> was cancelled. They even built over 100 Ju-87 with landing hook and other
> features common for aircraft carrier based aircraft. I have following questions
> about Graf Zeppelin: Who ordered to build her? Would her be the only one German
> aircraft carrier? What would be the use of her (invasion of Britain from the
> north-west, or what)?, and finally why Germans cancelled order for Graf
> Zeppelin?
> -Irek.

The Germans designed a number of carrier aircraft: The Ar 195 torpedo
bomber, Ar 197 fighter, Fi 167 attack aircraft, Ju 87C dive bomber, and Me
109T fighter. If I remember correctly the original Me 155 / Bv 155 design
was also intended as shipboard fighter. A significant number of Ju 87C and
Me 109T were built... Most of these aircraft became obsolete while the
carriers were under contruction. This obviously indicates that something
was very, very wrong with planning...

One reason may have been Goerings unwillingness to release the control of
aircraft to the Kriegsmarine. The use of the Fw 200 as reconaissance
aircraft for submarine operations was not without complications; a mixed
sea/air unit like a carrier probably would have been a real problem.

Design problems due to inexperience may have played a role too. 'Graf
Zeppelin' was rather old-fashioned in design; she had heavy ship-to-ship
artillery under her flying deck, rather like Lexington (before
modification) or Akagi.

Emmanuel Gustin

------------------------------

Date:    Mon, 6 Dec 1993 19:06:13 -0400
From:    Cagan Gurer <CCGURER@OWUCOMCN.BITNET>
Subject: NO MAIL

Is there any way to stop getting mail from the list for a while without
signingoff?
Thanx
Cagan

------------------------------

Date:    Mon, 6 Dec 1993 20:22:02 EST
From:    Chuck McCormick <chuckm@AREC.UMD.EDU>
Subject: Pearl Harbor Day

Once again Pearl Harbor Day is upon us.  It's already been 2 years since the 50
year anniversary festivities and I doubt the American media will give this
year's commemoration much coverage.  While it would be easy and perhaps accurate
to blame the lack of press coverage on the lack of knowledge on the part of the
press of the importance of World War II (or other more cynical reasons) there is
another possible reason for lack of news stories this year: lack of interest on
the part of the public.  How does this list feel about this?

Chuck McCormick
chuckm@arec.umd.edu
"Was it not real?"--S. Watkins

------------------------------

Date:    Mon, 6 Dec 1993 21:04:30 EST
From:    Larry & Kim Jewell <jewell@MACE.CC.PURDUE.EDU>
Subject: Re: NO MAIL

>
> Is there any way to stop getting mail from the list for a while without
> signingoff?
> Thanx
> Cagan
>

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------------------------------

Date:    Mon, 6 Dec 1993 19:53:21 EST
From:    rod holmes <rholmes@DHVX20.CSUDH.EDU>
Subject: Salerno paper (long)

Hi everyone,

        I heard enough people (including Larry) saying "Go ahead post it",
I decided to. It's still a draft, so bear with me a little. If you want to
send corrections of my grammar and spellling that's fine buy me but that's
not what I really want. What I would like to know is "Did I miss
anything? Is everything clear? And are my facts correct?". I would welcome
any comments that you might have.

Rod Holmes                      | The boredom eats me like cancer
rholmes@dhvx20.csudh.edu        | down here on the farm.

It's a fairly short paper about 7.5 pages including footnotes. Any random
numbers are the footnotes and are at the end of the paper.

------------------------ Start of Paper -------------------------
The invasion of Salerno on September 9, 1943 marked the return of  Allied
troops to continental Europe since the fall of France in 1940.  The  troops
that participated in the landings were members of the American  5th Army.
The 5th Army was composed of two corps, and English one and an  American
one. The British Xth corp was to land two infantry divisions on the first
day, the 46th and 56th. While the American VIth corp landed only a single
division, the 36th. This two forces were very different. The British
divisions had seen action in North Africa and Sicily while the Salerno
landing was going to be the first time that most of the Americans had heard
a shot fired in anger. The British were going to receive a preparatory
bombardment while the Americans didn't have one for various reasons. This
paper is trying to give some reasons while a bombardment didn't occur on
the American beaches.

A naval bombardment is when a the warships protecting an invasion shells
targets inland. This shelling is designed keep the enemy from effectively
attacking the incoming landing craft and moving their reserves up to the
beaches that are under attack. The Salerno plain was an excellent place for
a bombardment to occur. The plain was flat and near sea level until it
reached the mountains surrounding the beaches. This flat territory would
have allowed the gunners on the ships to direct their fire accurately
against any targets on the plain.  Not having the bombardment allowed
German troops to attack the landing craft carrying the American soldiers
free of the distraction of exploding shells.

The Invasion of Italy was to serve a number of purposes. These were:
        (1) Force Italy to Surrender.
        (2) Keep German forces from France and Russia
        (3) Provide airfields that could be used to bomb the heart of
            Germany,France and the Balkans.
        (4) Give Allies complete control of the Mediterranean.1
Only the surrender of Italy had an direct effect on the
decisions made concerning the Invasion. Shortly after the capture of
Sicily, the Italians ousted Mussolini from power and opened secret
Armistice talks with the Allies. The announcement of Italian surrender was
made the evening before Allied troops were supposed to land at Salerno.
This announcement was greeted with a great deal of celebration by the
invasion forces but it had an adverse effect on the fighting spirit of the
Allied troops.2 Allied troo ps figured that since the Italians had
surrendered there would be little fighting when they landed. Allied troops
hadn't been expecting much of a fight from the Italians anyway.3 It wasn't
the Italians the 5th Army was going to have to fight. It was the Germans.

Hitler reacted quickly to the announcement of the Italian surrender. He
ordered his two commanders it Italy (Field-Marshal Erwin Rommel in the
North and Field-Marshal Albert Kesselring in the South) to take all the
Italian soldiers prisoner. Rommel carried out this order quickly but
Kesselring was in a much different situation in the Southern Italy. Most of
the Italian Army was in his area of operation and he had no easy way of
disarming these soldiers and making them prisoners. Kesselring proposed an
alt ernate plan to taking the Italian Army prisoner, if the Italian troops
would lay down their arms they could return to their homes. The Italian
commanders jumped at this offer which also greatly reduced the problems
facing Kesselring.4

Before the Italians laid down their arms, Kesselring had to worry that
Italian troops cutting the supply line for his troops in the south. This
problem was removed by the demobilization of the Italian Army. The Italian
demobilization also allowed Kesselring to use the troops that would have be
occupied by first making the Italians troops prisoner and then guarding
them against the Allies. The Italian demobilization also caused problems
for the Allies.

There were two problems that faced the Allies upon the Italian
demobilization, the German took over the beach defenses5 from the Italians
and the Allied plans assumed some sort of involvement from Italians.6
Allied plans has assumed that the Italians were going to be defending the
beaches. This meant that the Allies were going to have an easy going for
the most difficult part of the invasion, the initial landings. The German
unit that replaced the Italian units guarding the beaches was the 16th
Panzer Divi sion.7 The 16th Panzer was fresh from refitting in France after
being mauled at the Battle of Stalingrad. Most of the soldiers in the
division were inexperienced but this was overcome by the division having
almost a full complement of experienced NCO's and officers.8  Allied
planners knew about the 16th being in the Salerno area but discounted the
effect that it would have on the landings.9 The 16th Panzer gave the Allies
a rude shock upon their landing and almost threw the Allies back into the
sea.

The surrender of Italy to the Allies had a great affect on the planning of
the landings at Salerno, mostly in the decision by General Clark not to
have preparatory bombardment of the American invasion beaches. The
commander of the invasion fleet, Admiral Kent Hewwitt, argued with both
General Clark and the General Fred Walker, the commander of the American
36th Infantry Division, about the decision not to have a bombardment but to
no avail.10 General Clark was of the opinion that the invasion could gain
ta ctical surprise.11  This was clearly not the case though.

The Luftwaffe (German Air Force) had been staging bombing raids against the
harbors where the invasion fleets had gathered.12 German units had been
placed at a higher state of readiness and positioned as to quickly
reinforce Salerno. The Germans decided that the Allies were going to land
at Salerno for very much the same reason that the Allies decide to land
there, air cover. The Allied planners had mad the decision that they would
not make an opposed landing at place where they didn't have air superiorit
y. Looking at a map of Italy the only place near the port of Naples, the
main Allied goal, and in range of fighters from Sicily was Salerno. The
Germans also had the invasion convoy under the aerial surveillance for most
of it's journey to the bay of Salerno.13 These facts show that the Germans
knew that the Allies were coming. There were other factors that made
surprise impossible.

Tactical surprise was by the nature of an amphibious landing impossible.
First you have this large fleet of transports and landing craft sailing
toward and an enemy shore. And then you place your troops in boats with
little or no armor and have a top speed of about 5 miles per hour and then
have them travel in a straight line towards the enemy held beaches, this
makes the landing craft very easy targets. The landing craft's only hope
for survival was not being seen or not being shot at. This isn't the best
way to gain surprise.

The landings were scheduled to occur at after the moon had set, about 3:30
am.14 This was supposed to give the landing craft the advantage of darkness
but to bad it didn't work out that way. The problem of coming in at night
is that the sky is lighter than the ocean and anything floating in the
water is outlined against the sky. This made the landing craft relatively
easy to see. There was no easy way for Clark to hide were he was going to
land his troops.

Walker's objection to the bombardment was that he saw no useful purpose in
"killing a lot of peaceful Italians and destroying their homes". He also
felt that the 16th panzer would have to the strength to pose a threat
especially in the area of the beaches.15 Both of these arguments proved
wrong. Since the Allies had been bombing the area around Salerno since the
fall of Sicily most of the Italians had left the town of Salerno and taken
refuge in the mountains surrounding the town.16 This reduced the chan ces
of any peaceful Italians being killed by a naval bombardment. It's already
been stated that 16th Panzer was nearly a full strength unit and had taken
up positions around the beaches and would give the Allies problems.

After the Italian's surrender to the Allies the 16th Panzer too over the
coastal defenses that the Italians had built earlier. Most of the weapons
that the Italians had placed in the fortifications were captured by the
Germans.17 This included machine guns, and coastal artillery. The Germans
added to this even more machines guns and artillery plus they laid mines
and set up anti-aircraft guns. A large number of these positions were made
of reinforced concrete and surrounded by barbed wire.18 The men of the 16th
Panzer also laid numerous minefields.

In conclusion, the decision not to have bombardment on the American beaches
was a mistake. The things that not having the bombardment hoped to
accomplish; surprise and minimizing civilian casualties, proved impossible.
The hopes of the American planners and generals were full of high ideas and
classical military thought but the failed to take into account the facts
that were available to them. These mistakes came from the leaders of the
American forces of the 5th Army, Generals Clark and Walker. Other offi cers
had argued with them but to no avail. It was the common soldiers that had
to pay for their mistakes.

1 Hugh Pond , Salerno, (London: William Kimber and Co. Limited, 1961) 36.
2 Pond, 27-28.
3 After the miserable showing that the Italians made in both North Africa
and Sicily, the fighting ability of Italian soldiers where held in low
regard by Allied soldiers.
4 B.H. Liddell Hart, History of the Second World War, (New York: G.P.
Putnam's Sons, 1970) 454.
5 Pond 21-22.
6 Pond 32-37. There had been plans for a parachute drop by the American
82nd Airborne Division on Rome to support the Italian troops in holding
the city. This plan was canceled shortly before it was supposed to take
place. The odd thing is that both the Germans and the Americans feel
themselves lucky that the drop didn't take place.
7 A panzer division is analogous to an American armored. It's composed of
two regiments of motorized or mechanized infantry, a regiment of tanks,
plus various supporting units.
8 Carlo D'Este, World War II in the Mediterranean: 1942-1945, (Chapel Hill:
Algonquin Books of Chapel Hill, 1990) 91. The division was still not up to
full strength, it was missing a battalion of heavy tanks and an artillery
battalion.
9 D'Este 95.
10 Pond 41.
11 Pond 41. His other goal in not having a bombardment was to avoid the
Germans rushing reinforcements to the Salerno area.
12 Pond 41. One of the raids resulted in the wounding of the commanding
general of the British corp participation in the Salerno landings. General
Sir Brian Horrocks was struck by an anti-aircraft shell during a Luftwaffe
air raid.
13 Pond 44-45. The commander of the 16th Panzer said that they had three
days warning.
14 D'Este 93.
15 D'Este 95.
16 Pond Chapter 1.
17 D'Este 90-91.
18 Pond 24.

------------------------------

End of WWII-L Digest - 5 Dec 1993 to 6 Dec 1993
***********************************************

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Subject:  WWII-L Digest - 6 Dec 1993 to 7 Dec 1993
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Status: O

There are 44 messages totalling 5582 lines in this issue.

Topics of the day:

  1. KATYN (2)
  2. German aircraft carrier
  3. Pearl Harbor Day (10)
  4. PEARL HARBOR
  5. AVIATION UNITS AT PEARL HARBOR
  6. THE B-17 FLIGHT
  7. THE SPY FLIGHT
  8. US ARMY UNITS
  9. RADAR IN HAWAII
 10. SHIPS IN PEARL HARBOR
 11. USAAF COMBAT UNITS
 12. AIRCRAFT CARRIERS (2)
 13. USAAF 7 DEC 43
 14. Gibraltar crash (3)
 15. WANT: Info/Bio on Ofstie/6th Fleet
 16. Salerno paper (long) (3)
 17. Pearl Harbor Day and "Rising Sun" film (2)
 18. (Now) COL. Van Vliet
 19. Re[2]: Pearl Harbor Day (2)
 20. German Aircraft Carrier (2)
 21. Memorable Dates
 22. Books on Italian Campaign
 23. Hitler and Pearl Harbor (2)
 24. Hitler's declaration of war (2)

----------------------------------------------------------------------

Date:    Mon, 6 Dec 1993 22:45:19 CST
From:    Steve Alvin <salvin@HEARTLAND.BRADLEY.EDU>
Subject: Re: KATYN

For what it is worth, several years ago in the Gov Pubs section
of the U of Minnesota Library, I came across the statement of an
American Lt Col. (I think), who was taken to Katyn to view the
remains by the Germans and to report back that the Soviets were
responsible.  This officer viewed the site, but refused to
co-operate with the Germans, considering it to be collaboration
with the enemy.

--
Steve Alvin
salvin@heartland.bradley.edu

------------------------------

Date:    Mon, 6 Dec 1993 22:42:16 CST
From:    Steve Alvin <salvin@HEARTLAND.BRADLEY.EDU>
Subject: Re: German aircraft carrier

Here is a little info on the Graf Zeppelin from J. C. Taylor's
little *German Warships of World War II*

Displacement:  23,200 tons
Dimensions:  820x88.5x18.5
Machinery:  4-shafted geared turbines, SHP 200,000=33.5 knots
Radius:  8,000 miles at 19 knots
Protection:  Sides 4 in., deck 2 in.
Armament:  16-5.9 in. (8x2), 12-4.1 in. AA (6x2), 22-37mm AA
           (11x2)  28-20mm AA guns
Complement:  1760

Name              Builder         Launched       Fate
Graf Zeppelin    Deutsche Werke    Dec 8, 1938  Broken up
                    Kiel                        1948/49

B                Germania Werft                 Broken up
                    Kiel                          1940

Notes:  Graf Zeppelin originally planned to carry 12 Ju-87C
and 30 Me109T later ammended to 28 Ju-87C and 12 Me109T.
Work suspended 4/40, re-commenced 7/40 but slowly due to
production difficulty with catapults, arrester gear and
moditications to aircraft.  Work stopped 1943.  Scuttled,
Stettin 4/25/45, raised 1946/7 and to Swinemunde.  Capsized
in Gulf of Finland, 1947 whilst on tow to Russia.  Broken up
in Lenningrad 1948/9

Hull of sister ship completed up to the armored deck but
never launched and broken up on stocks.

These two ships were part of the Z-plan, from 1938, in which
Hitler told the Navy to plan for an expansion of the surface
fleet by 1944/1945.

The arming of the carrier with 5.9" guns made some sense,
passed on raiding operations in the North Atlantic.  It was
muck more likely than in the Pacific that the carrier might
find itself in a gun action.  Also, once again considering
it's role, the Ju-87's and Me-109's would have been acceptable
carrier aircraft.  I, personally always thought, though that
the FW-190, with it's wide landing gear, would have been a
better candidate than the 109.

In 1942, plans were drawn up to convert the uncompleted
cruisier Seydlitz, and the liners Europa, Geneisenau,
and Potsdam into carriers.  But, this never went past the
planning stage.

--
Steve Alvin
salvin@heartland.bradley.edu

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 7 Dec 1993 00:56:47 CST
From:    "Robert J. Granvin" <rjg@UMNSTAT.STAT.UMN.EDU>
Subject: Re: Pearl Harbor Day

> Once again Pearl Harbor Day is upon us.  It's already been 2 years since the 50
> year anniversary festivities and I doubt the American media will give this
> year's commemoration much coverage.  While it would be easy and perhaps accurate
> to blame the lack of press coverage on the lack of knowledge on the part of the
> press of the importance of World War II (or other more cynical reasons) there is
> another possible reason for lack of news stories this year: lack of interest on
> the part of the public.  How does this list feel about this?

We live in the world of instant information, instant gratification and
a love for sensationalism and fluff (proven by the constantly rising
A Current Affair, Entertainment Tonight, Geraldo (all the talk shows,
really), etc.

History and remembrance isn't a part of the psyche it seems.  If the media
can almost completely ignore the passing of Jimmy Doolittle, as just one
more example, all we can truly expect today is maybe once again seeing
that infamous clip of American divebombers dropping ordnance on Pearl
Harbor and the Arizona.

I do know one man who will be marking today with a little more satisfaction.

Russ Lott found himself onboard the U.S.S. Arizona on the morning of
December 7th.  Most of the crew was ashore.  He watched airplanes
fly towards them.  Odd, he thought, until the bombs started falling.

He ran to his post -- a weapons director position mid-way up the mast.
(You will recognize the mast -- In the famous pictures of the Arizona, you
can see the mast crumpled and laying across the ship).  Russ was on that
mast when it was hit and went over.

The magazine was hit and the ship exploded.  For reasons unknown to him,
he was still alive, but wounded.  A few more people around him were also
alive.  The ship was listing badly -- clearly it was going to sink.

A ship pulled along side.  Also badly damaged, they somehow managed to get
a line to the Arizona and a small number of people, Russ included, were
able to escape certain death.

But now they find themselves onboard a listing, sinking ship with enemy
planes looking it over as a target.  He quickly found a position needing
assistance onboard and help guide the ship to a sandbar where they
successfully beached it so that it could be salvaged and fight another
day.

Russ never looked back on that day, but kept right on moving and promptly
found another ship to serve on.

But he realized he never got awarded the Purple Heart.  A war was on, and
that was a minor point.  But then the war ended and years passed.  Still,
he never got his award.  He started making more and more inquiries.  He
found that people on _shoreleave_ from the Arizona and miles away from
the action had been awarded Purple Heart's for everything from a traffic
accident to a minor self-inflicted injury during the confusion.

He started trying to get his award, but never got very far.  Eventually,
he started making appeals to the President, since all other avenues had
been exhausted.  He got no satisfaction.  Then we got another President.
Again, no satisfaction.  A third President and still no results.

But during that time, something clicked and must have happened.  He became
somewhat of an issue -- here's a guy who clearly deserved more than the
Purple Heart, but couldn't even get an (unfortunately) common award that
was clearly his.

Almost 52 years later, earlier this summer, in fact, Russ Lott finally
received his Purple Heart at a ceremony at his home in Iowa.

Even though he fought years for something that was rightfully his, his
memory and thoughts always go to the men he served with and those that
are still serving onboard the Arizona.  Long ago, he made plans to
rejoin them when his time comes -- his ashes will be lowered into the
hull of the USS Arizona.

Just proves that it's not just the media and the public who can turn aside
an interest -- we're all guilty of it from time to time.  It's important
to keep the memory alive and even more important for our leaders to respond
to Veterans and active military.  I am neither, but I find it amazing that
a person had to work through no less than three U.S. Presidents to get
something he rightfully earned.

The best thing Pearl Harbor can teach us is to remember the dangers and
costs (in terms of human life and hardware) of being ill-prepared.

There is two more years ahead of us to capture the interest of the
American people and spark an interest for history in general.  How
do we do that?  (Without resorting to a dramatic mini-series sponsored
by Reebok... :-)

--
Robert J. Granvin                                    Southern Minnesota Wing
rjg@stat.umn.edu                                       Confederate Air Force

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 7 Dec 1993 19:48:36 +1100
From:    George PISZCZUK <PHGPI@CC.NEWCASTLE.EDU.AU>
Subject: Re: KATYN

Lou,

I would be very interested in reading your thesis on Katyn.

Please let us know when you do put it on "byrd".

George Piszczuk
PHGPI@cc.newcastle.edu.au

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 7 Dec 1993 07:00:52 -0500
From:    jem3@CC.BELLCORE.COM
Subject: PEARL HARBOR

Today, 7 December 1993 is the 52d anniversary of the Japanese attack on
the Territory of Hawaii (TH).  The attack began at approximately 0755 local,
i.e., 1325 Eastern Standard Time (EST) or 1825 GMT, Zulu or UTC, whichever
you prefer.

This is the third annual posting of eight articles I prepared in 1991.  I
thought we may have some new people on the WWII Discussion List this year so
I decided to post them again.  The eight articles cover the following
subjects:

1. Aviation units in TH including their aircraft and status.
2. The B-17 flight that arrived over TH during the Japanese attack.
3. The B-24 spy mission that has remained relatively unknown.
4. Combat units of the U.S. Army worldwide.
5. Combat units of the U.S. Army Air Forces (USAAF) worldwide.
6. The Opana Radar Station--what they saw and what happened to the data.
7. U.S. Navy and U.S. Coast Guard ships in Pearl Harbor.
8. Where were the U.S. aircraft carriers?

I hope you enjoy them and I solicit any additions, corrections, etc.

-------------------------------------------------------------------
|  Jack McKillop         |  Those who have long enjoyed such      |
|  Bellcore              |  privileges as we enjoy forget in      |
|  Piscataway, NJ USA    |  time that men have died to win them.  |
|  jem3@cc.bellcore.com  |                       FDR              |
-------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 7 Dec 1993 07:04:18 -0500
From:    jem3@CC.BELLCORE.COM
Subject: AVIATION UNITS AT PEARL HARBOR

In December 1941, President Franklin D.  Roosevelt appointed Supreme Court
Associate Justice Owen J. Roberts to head a commission to investigate the
Pearl Harbor disaster.  The information in this post was obtained from the
"Proceedings Of Roberts Commission" which I found in the Library of
Congress several years ago.

On 7 Dec 41, the U.S. military had a total of 386 aircraft in the Hawaiian
Islands of which about half could be considered combat effective.  Of the
386 total, only seven (Navy Consolidated PBY Catalinas) were airborne when
the Japanese attacked and all seven were patrolling to the SOUTHWEST of
Hawaii; the Japanese approached from the NORTH and caught our aircraft on
the ground.

This post identifies the aviation units of the three service branches, their
stations, the aircraft they operated and the status of the aircraft.  This
file is divided into three parts representing the U.S. Army Air Forces
(USAAF), the U.S.  Marine Corps (USMC) and the U.S. Navy (USN).

U.S. ARMY AIR FORCES (USAAF)
----------------------------

All U.S. Army units in Hawaii were under the command of the Army's Hawaiian
Department, Lieutenant General Walter C. Short commanding.  The USAAF
subordinate unit was the Hawaiian Air Force, Major General Frederick L.
Martin, commanding.  The three main bases of the Hawaiian Air Force were
located on the island of Oahu, i.e.:

  1.  Bellows Field located on the east coast of Oahu near the town of
Waimanalo.  This was the smallest of the three bases.
  2.  Hickam Field located between Pearl Harbor and Honolulu.  This was the
main bomber base of the Hawaiian Air Force.
  3.  Wheeler Field located next to Schofield Barracks was the main pursuit
(fighter) base of the Hawaiian Air Force.

The Hawaiian Air Force also had an auxiliary strip at Haliewa on the
northwest coast of Oahu.  The strip was 1200 feet (366 m) long and was
"home" for a few pursuit aircraft.

The organization and aircraft of the Hawaiian Air Force on 7 Dec 41 are
listed below sorted by type of aircraft.

THE BOMBERS

The Hawaiian Air Force bombers were assigned to the 18th Bombardment Wing
at Hickam Field.  The total strength was 45 aircraft, 33 Douglas B-18 Bolos
and 12 Boeing B-17D Flying Fortress'.  The organization of the 18th
Bombardment Wing was:

18th Bombardment Wing, Hickam Field
   5th Bombardment Group (Heavy), Hickam Field
    23d  Bombardment Squadron (Heavy), Hickam Field
    31st Bombardment Squadron (Heavy), Hickam Field
    72d  Bombardment Squadron (Heavy), Hickam Field
  11th Bombardment Group (Heavy), Hickam Field
    26th Bombardment Squadron (Heavy), Hickam Field
    42d  Bombardment Squadron (Heavy), Hickam Field
   4th Reconnaissance Squadron (Heavy), Hickam Field
  50th Reconnaissance Squadron (Heavy), Hickam Field

THE FIGHTERS

Fighter aircraft and units were known as pursuit aircraft and wings/groups/
squadrons in those days; pursuit units would become fighter units on 15 May
42; pursuit aircraft became fighter aircraft n 1947.

Detailed records exist in the Roberts Commission Report identifying the
pursuit (fighter) aircraft at Wheeler Field by serial number, unit and
status, i.e., in or out of commission or surveyed (junked).  The reason for
an aircraft being out of commission is also indicated.  The reason falls
into one of four categories, i.e.:

  1.  First echelon (squadron) maintenance,
  2.  Second echelon (base engineering) maintenance,
  3.  Third echelon (air depot) maintenance, or
  4.  Lack of spare parts.

The organization and aircraft of the pursuit (fighter) units of the
Hawaiian Air Force were:

14th Pursuit Wing, Wheeler Field
  15th Pursuit Group, Wheeler
       2 Curtiss P-36A Hawks [1 out of comm-1st ech mtce, 1 surveyed]
       1 Grumman OA-9 Goose
    45th Pursuit Squadron (Fighter), Wheeler Field
      15 Curtiss P-36A Hawks [9 out of comm-1st echelon mtce]
       2 Martin B-12's
       2 Curtiss P-40B's
       1 Douglas BT-2BI [surveyed]
    46th Pursuit Squadron (Fighter), Wheeler Field
      21 Curtiss P-36A Hawks [8 out of comm-1st echelon mtce]
       5 Curtiss P-40B's [2 out of comm-1st echelon mtce]
       1 Curtiss A-12A
       1 Douglas BT-2BI [surveyed]
       1 Boeing P-26A Peashooter
    47th Pursuit Squadron (Fighter), Wheeler Field
      11 Curtiss P-40B's [7 out of comm-1st echelon mtce]
       2 Boeing P-26B Peashooters [1 out of comm-1st echelon mtce]
       2 Curtiss P-36A Hawks [1 out of comm-1st echelon mtce]
       2 Curtiss P-40C's [1 out of comm-1st echelon mtce]
       1 Martin B-12
    72d  Pursuit Squadron (Interceptor), Wheeler Field
      No aircraft assigned
  18th Pursuit Group (Interceptor), Wheeler Field
       2 North American AT-6s (1 out of comm-1st echelon mtce]
       2 Grumman OA-9 Gooses
     6th Pursuit Squadron (Interceptor), Wheeler Field
      16 Curtiss P-40B's [6 out of comm; 4 for 1st echelon mtce, 2 for parts]
       1 Boeing P-26A Peashooter
       1 Boeing P-26B Peashooter [out of comm-1st echelon mtce]
    19th Pursuit Squadron (Interceptor), Wheeler Field
      15 Curtiss P-40B's [4 out of comm-1st echelon mtce]
       3 Curtiss P-40C's [1 out of comm-1st echelon mtce]
    44th Pursuit Squadron (Interceptor), Wheeler Field
       9 Curtiss P-40B's [2 out of comm; 1 for 1st echelon mtce, 1 for parts]
       7 Curtiss P-40C's [1 out of comm-parts]
       2 Boeing P-26A Peashooters
       2 Boeing P-26B Peashooters [1 out of comm-1st echelon mtce]
    73d  Pursuit Squadron (Interceptor), Wheeler Field
      13 Curtiss P-40B's [4 out of comm; 2 for 1st echelon mtce, 1 for 2nd
           echelon mtce, 1 for parts]
       1 Boeing P-26B Peashooter
    78th Pursuit Squadron (Interceptor), Wheeler Field
      16 Curtiss P-40B's [7 out of comm; 6 for 1st echelon mtce, 1 for parts]
       3 Boeing P-26A Peashooters [1 out of comm-1st echelon mtce]


MISCELLANEOUS UNITS

Three additional flying squadrons were assigned to the Hawaiian Air Force
on that day.  They were:

  19th Transport Squadron, Hickam Field
     2 Douglas C-33's (Douglas DC-2-145s)
  58th Bombardment Squadron (Light), Hickam Field
    13 Douglas A-20A Havocs
  86th Observation Squadron, Bellows Field
     6 North American O-47B's
     2 Stinson O-49 Vigilant Vigilants


The tables below list the Hawaiian Air Force aircraft available on 7 Dec 41.
These aircraft are listed by basic mission type.  Under each type are the
total available before and after the attack, the number of combat effectives
(only the A-20A, B-17D, P-40B and P-40C could be considered combat effective)
and the number available before and after the attack.

Advanced Trainers (AT)
  Before Attack: 4
    North American AT-6 Texan: 4 assigned, 3 in commission
  After Attack: 3
    North American AT-6 Texan: 3 available, 2 in commission

Attack Aircraft (A)
  Combat Effectives
    Before attack: 12
      Douglas A-20A Havoc: 12 assigned, 5 in commission
    After attack: 10
      Douglas A-20A Havoc: 10 available, 5 in commission
  Other Aircraft
    Before attack: 2
      Douglas A-12A Shrike: 2 assigned, 2 in commission
    After attack: 2
      Douglas A-12A Shrike: 2 available, 1 in commission

Bomber Aircraft (B)
  Combat Effectives
    Before attack: 12
      Boeing B-17D Flying Fortress: 12 assigned, 6 in commission
    After attack: 8
      Boeing B-17D Flying Fortress: 8 available, 4 in commission
  Other Aircraft
    Before attack: 36
      Douglas B-18 Bolo: 33 assigned, 21 in commission
      Martin B-12A: 3 assigned, 1 in commission
    After attack: 24
      Douglas B-18 Bolo: 21 available, 11 in commission
      Martin B-12A: 3 available, 1 in commission

Observation Aircraft (O)
  Before attack: 9
    North American O-47B: 7 assigned, 5 in commission
    Stinson O-49 Vigilant: 2 assigned, both in commission
  After attack: 8
    North American O-47B: 7 available, 5 in commission
    Stinson O-49 Vigilant: 1 available and in commission

Observation Amphibian Aircraft (OA)
  Before attack: 4
    Grumman OA-9 Goose: 3 assigned, all in commission
    Sikorsky OA-8: 1 assigned and in commission
  After attack: 2
    Grumman OA-9 Goose: 1 available and in commission
    Sikorsky OA-8: 1 available and in commission

Pursuit Aircraft (P)
  Combat Effectives
    Before attack: 99
      Curtiss P-40B: 87 assigned, 55 in commission
      Curtiss P-40C: 12 assigned,  9 in commission
    After attack: 57
      Curtiss P-40B: 50 available, 25 in commission
      Curtiss P-40C:  7 available,  2 in commission
  Other aircraft
    Before attack: 53
      Curtiss P-36A Hawk: 39 assigned, 20 in commission
      Boeing P-26A Peashooter: 8 assigned, 7 in commission
      Boeing P-26B Peashooter: 6 assigned, 3 in commission
    After attack: 43
      Curtiss P-36A Hawk: 35 available, 16 in commission
      Boeing P-26A Peashooter: 3 available, 2 in commission
      Boeing P-26B Peashooter: 5 available, 2 in commission

SUMMARY

The Hawaiian Air Force had a total of 231 aircraft assigned on 7 Dec 41 but
only 123 (53%) could be considered combat effective.  About 61% of all
aircraft were in commission before the attack.  The Japanese destroyed 74
aircraft (32%) of which 48 were combat effectives.  After the attack, the
Hawaiian Air Force had a total of 79 aircraft in commission, 36 of which
could be considered combat effective.

None of the Hawaiian Air Force aircraft were loaded with bombs or ammunition
prior to the attack.  The Army's Hawaiian Department was obsessed with the
idea of sabotage by the 157,000 civilians of Japanese blood living in Hawaii.
In order to guard against sabotage, the Hawaiian Department had issued orders
pertaining to aircraft on the ground.  Under these orders, (1) all  aircraft
were to be neatly lined up to make it easier to guard them, (2) all bombs
were to be removed and stored, and (3) all guns were to be unloaded and the
live ammunition placed in hangars overnight.

The first Japanese attack occurred at 0755 local; the second attack began at
about 0840 local.  The area was not clear until about 1000.  The following is
the official Hawaiian Air Force log of aircraft takeoffs for 7 Dec 41:

  0830: 2 P-36A's and 4 P-40's
  0855: 2 P-40's
  0915: 6 P-36A's
  0930: 6 P-36A's and 5 P-40's
  0950: 1 O-47B
  1040: 3 O-47B's
  1127: 4 A-20A's
  1140: 2 B-17D's
  1200: 5 P-40's
  1300: 3 A-20A's
  1330: 2 B-18's
  1500: 11 P-40's and 3 O-47B's
  1520: 3 B-17D's

A total of 57 sorties for the whole day!


U.S. MARINE CORPS
-----------------

All Marine Corps aviation units in Hawaii were based at Naval Air Station
(NAS) Ewa, Oahu, located west of Honolulu and east of the present NAS
Barbers Point.  All USMC aviation units were assigned to Marine Aircraft
Group Twenty One (MAG-21) based at NAS Ewa.  The four operational squadrons
and the aircraft based at NAS Ewa were:

Marine Fighting Squadron 211 (VMF-211) (forward echelon on Wake Island)
  11 Grumman F4F-3 Wildcats (1 under minor overhaul)
   1 North American SNJ-3 Texan
Marine Scout- or Dive-Bomber Squadron 231 (VMSB-231) (forward echelon in USS
       Lexington)
   7 Vought SB2U-3 Vindicators
Marine Scout- or Dive-Bomber Squadron 232 (VMSB-232)
  19 Douglas SBD-1 Dauntless' (1 partially stripped, no engine)
   3 Douglas SBD-2 Dauntless'
Marine Utility Squadron 252 (VMJ-252)
   2 Douglas R3D-2's (1 in hangar at NAS Pearl Harbor)
   2 Grumman J2F-4 Ducks
   1 Douglas SBD-1 Dauntless
   1 Lockheed JO-2
   1 Sikorsky JRS-1
   1 Vought SB2U-3 Vindicator


The 49 Marine aircraft assigned to MAG-21 units at NAS Ewa were:

Fighter Aircraft (F): 11
  11 Grumman F4F-3 Wildcats
General Utility (J): 3
   2 Grumman J2F-4 Ducks
   1 Lockheed JO-2
Scout Bomber (SB): 31
  20 Douglas SBD-1 Dauntless'
   8 Vought SB2U-3 Vindicators
   3 Douglas SBD-2 Dauntless'
Scout Trainer (SN): 1
   1 North American SNJ-3 Texan
Transport (R): 2
   2 Douglas R3D-2's
Utility Transport (JR): 1
   1 Sikorsky JRS-1

Of the 48 aircraft on hand, 33 (69%) could be considered combat effective
(the F4F Wildcats and SBD Dauntless').  Like the Hawaiian Air Force, the
Marine aircraft were neatly line up on the ramp to enable the ground forces
to guard against sabotage.  During the attacks, the Japanese destroyed:

   9 of the 11 Grumman F4F-3 Wildcats
  18 of the 31 SBD-1, SBD-2 and SB2U-3 scout bomber aircraft
   6 of the 7 utility aircraft

U.S. NAVY AVIATION UNITS
------------------------
Naval aviation units operated from three Naval Air Stations (NASs) in the
Hawaiian Islands.  The three stations were:

  NAS Kaneohe on the island of Oahu
  NAS Pearl Harbor, on Ford Island, in Pearl Harbor
  NAS Puunene on the island of Maui


NAS KANEOHE

NAS Kaneohe, now Marine Corps Air Station Kaneohe Bay, is located on the
east coast of Oahu.  On 7 Dec 41, NAS Kaneohe was the home of the three
squadrons of Patrol Wing One (PatWing One).  Each of the three squadrons
operated 12 Consolidated PBY-5 Catalina seaplanes.  The three squadrons and
their aircraft status were:

  Patrol Squadron Eleven (VP-11): All 12 PBY-5's could be made ready for
    operations on four hours notice.
  Patrol Squadron Twelve (VP-12)
    6 PBY-5's were ready for operations on 10 minutes notice
    5 PBY-5's could be ready for operations on four hours notice
    1 PBY-5 was under repair
  Patrol Squadron Fourteen (VP-14)
    3 PBY-5's were in the air on patrol
    3 PBY-5's were ready for operations on 10 minutes notice
    4 PBY-5's could be ready for operations on four hours notice
    2 PBY-5's were under repair
  Base Hack: One Vought OS2U Kingfisher was warming up on the ramp when the
    Japanese attacked

  Summary: 36 PBY-5's were based at NAS Kaneohe
    21 could be ready for operations on four hours notice
     9 were ready for operations on 10 minutes notice
     3 were in the air
     3 were under repair

Of the 33 aircraft on the ground, four were moored in the bay at about
1,000 yards (914 m) apart, four were in Number 1 Hangar and the reamining 25
were parked on the ramp.  Of these 33 aircraft, 27 were destroyed and six
damaged during the Japanese attack.


NAS PEARL HARBOR

NAS Pearl Harbor was on Ford Island in the middle of Pearl Harbor and
served two functions; first, it was home for the four squadrons of Patrol
Wing Two (PatWing Two) and second, it was the home base for the carrier
based squadrons when the carriers were in port.  Generally, the carrier
based squadrons would fly off the carriers to NAS Pearl Harbor before the
carrier reached port; subsequently, the aircraft would fly back to the
carrier when the ship left port.  Because it served as a home for carrier
aircraft, there were seven spare carrier aircraft present during the
Japanese attack.  NAS Pearl Harbor was also the home of two utility
squadrons flying non-combatant utility aircraft.

The units at NAS Pearl Harbor and their aircraft on 7 Dec 41 were:

  Bombing Squadron Two (VB-2) in USS Lexington (CV-2)
    1 Douglas SBD-2 Dauntless
  Bombing Squadron Six (VB-6) in USS Enterprise (CV-6)
     1 Douglas SBD-2 Dauntless
  Fighting Squadron Two (VF-2) in USS Lexington (CV-2)
     3 Brewster F3A-3 Buffalos
  Fighting Squadron Three (VF-3) in USS Saratoga (CV-3)
     1 Grumman F4F-3 Wildcat
  Patrol Squadron Twenty One (VP-21) based on Midway Island
     1 Consolidated PBY-3 Catalina under repair
  Patrol Squadron Twenty Two (VP-22)
    14 Consolidated PBY-3 Catalinas (12 could be made ready on four hours
       notice; 2 under repair)
  Patrol Squadron Twenty Three (VP-23)
    12 Consolidated PBY-5 Catalinas (11 could be made ready on four hours
       notice; 1 under repair)
  Patrol Squadron Twenty Four (VP-24)
     6 Consolidated PBY-5 Catalinas (4 in the air; 1 ready on 30 minutes
       notice; 1 under repair)
  Scouting Squadron Two (VS-2) in USS Lexington (CV-2)
     1 Douglas SBD-2 Dauntless
  Utility Squadron One (VJ-1)
     9 Grumman J2F Ducks
     9 Sikorsky JRS
  Utility Squadron Two (VJ-2)
    10 Grumman J2F Ducks
     2 Consolidated PBY-1 Catalinas

Seventy aircraft were available at NAS Pearl Harbor divided into the
following categories:

  Fighter Aircraft (F): 4
     3 Brewster F3A-3 Buffalos
     1 Grumman F4F-3 Wildcat
  General Utility Aircraft (J): 19
    19 Grumman J2F Ducks
  Patrol Bombers (PB): 35
    18 Consolidated PBY-5 Catalinas
         11 could be made ready on four hours notice
          4 were in the air
          2 were under repair
          1 could be made ready on 30 minutes notice
    15 Consolidated PBY-3 Catalinas
         12 could be made ready on four hours notice
          3 were under repair
     2 Consolidated PBY-1 Catalinas (non-armed utility aircraft)
  Scout Bombers (SB): 3
     3 Douglas SBD-2 Dauntless'
  Utility Transports (JR): 9
     9 Sikorsky JRSs

After the Japanese attack, the only operational aircraft were 6 Grumman J2F
Ducks, a non-combatant utility aircraft.


NAS PUUNENE

NAS Puunene was located on the island of Maui and was not attacked by the
Japanese.  NAS Puunene was the home of Utility Squadron Three (VJ-3)
equipped with:

  4 Beech JRB Expeditors
  2 Douglas BT-1s
  1 Grumman JRF Goose
  1 Grumman J2F Duck

-------------------------------------------------------------------
|  Jack McKillop         |  Those who have long enjoyed such      |
|  Bellcore              |  privileges as we enjoy forget in      |
|  Piscataway, NJ USA    |  time that men have died to win them.  |
|  jem3@cc.bellcore.com  |                       FDR              |
-------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 7 Dec 1993 07:04:20 -0500
From:    jem3@CC.BELLCORE.COM
Subject: THE B-17 FLIGHT

On the morning of 7 Dec 41, 12 Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress's were
approaching Hawaii after a 14-hour flight from California.  This
post describes that flight.

During the Fall of 1941, the U.S. Army Air Forces attempted to beef up
it's aerial defense of the Philippines by dispatching the 19th
Bombardment Group (Heavy) with B-17's to the Philippines in Sep 41.  At
that time, a bombardment group consisted of three bombardment squadrons
with a reconnaissance squadron attached; the reconnaissance squadron
normally reported to the parent unit of the group, i.e., the wing or
bomber command.

When the 19th left for the Philippines, it left one bombardment
squadron and it's reconnaissance squadron in the U.S.; both were to
rejoin the group at a later date.  Subsequently, the high command
decided to send a second bombardment group to the Philippines so in
late Nov 41, the ground echelon of the 7th Bombardment Group (Heavy)
left Utah for the Philippines.  The air echelon of all units transferred
to Muroc Army Air Base, Muroc, California, to prepare their aircraft
for the flight to Luzon.  The actual flight would leave from Hamilton
Field, San Rafael, California.

A little after 1700 local on 6 Dec 41, one B-17E and four B-17C's of
the 38th Reconnaissance Squadron (Heavy) and six B-17E's of the 88th
Reconnaissance Squadron (Heavy) took off from Hamilton Field on the
first leg of their flight to the Philippines.  The aircraft were in
two flights.  The 38th was commanded by Major Truman H Landon while
the 88th was commanded by Major Richard H Carmichael.  In order to
save fuel, the B-17's had a skeleton crew consisting of pilot, copilot,
navigator, engineer and radioman.  They carried their bomb sights and
machine guns but no ammunition; the 2,400 mile (3,840 km) flight
required all the gasoline the aircraft could carry.  To increase
balance, the armor plate normally in the rear of the aircraft was moved
forward.

At approximately 0810, the B-17's arrived over Oahu and ran into the
first-wave of the Japanese attackers and were shot at by both the
Americans and the Japanese.  Major Carmichael and Lieutenant Harold
Chaffin landed their B-17's on the 1200 foot (366 m) auxiliary strip at
Haliewa on the northwest coast of Oahu; this strip had been designed
for fighter and observation aircraft.  Captain Raymond T Swenson was
landing his B-17C at Hickam Field when a lucky shot by a Japanese Zeke
pilot ignited the magnesium flares in the rear of the B-17.  The tail
of the Flying Fortress was blazing when it touched down at Hickam Field.
The plane skidded to a stop on its nose when the tail assembly fell off.
All of the crew escaped except Lieutenant William R Schick, a flight
surgeon, who was strafed as he ran down the runway.

Lieutenant Frank Bostrom was attempting to land at Hickam Field but he
gave up when U.S. Navy gunners fired at him.  He retreated to a cloud
and during his second attempt to land at Hickam, Japanese fighters
attacked and knocked out two engines; he managed to land on the Kahuku
Golf Course.  Major Landon wanted to fly to the island of Hilo but was
talked into trying for Hickam.  As he approached the field, the tower
advised him that he had three Japanese fighters on his tail.  Landon
made it along with Lieutenant Charles Bergdoll who thought this was the
most realistic drill he had ever seen.  Lieutenant Robert Richards'
B-17C had been badly hit by Japanese fighters and he had three of the
crew wounded; he crashed landed on the short strip at Bellows Field,
the smallest of the regular bases on Oahu.

The entire B-17 affair lasted ten minutes.  By 0820 local, all aircraft
were on the ground.  Four of the twelve were destroyed.  The eight
B-17's never did make it to the Philippines; they were kept in Hawaii
and flew patrol missions over the Central Pacific.

-------------------------------------------------------------------
|  Jack McKillop         |  Those who have long enjoyed such      |
|  Bellcore              |  privileges as we enjoy forget in      |
|  Piscataway, NJ USA    |  time that men have died to win them.  |
|  jem3@cc.bellcore.com  |                       FDR              |
-------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 7 Dec 1993 07:06:15 -0500
From:    jem3@CC.BELLCORE.COM
Subject: THE SPY FLIGHT

During a trip to the Library of Congress several years ago, I found a copy
of the PROCEEDINGS OF ROBERTS COMMISSION, the first commission to investigate
the Pearl Harbor disaster.  Exhibit T on page 1833 lists the Hawaiian Air
Force aircraft available at the three major fields on Oahu.  One of the
aircraft that sticks out like a sore thumb is a Consolidated B-24 Liberator
at Hickam Field.  The table only states that it was a B-24; I am not sure of
the model, i.e., B-24, B-24A, etc.  I could not fathom what this aircraft was
doing there since the heavy bomber units of the USAAF were being equipped with
B-17 Flying Fortresses.  A little digging provided the answer that this
aircraft was one of two spy planes that were to photograph Japanese
installations in the Pacific.

The following is from THE ARMY AIR FORCES IN WORLD WAR II, Volume I, pages
189-190.

"During the final days of November (1941), preparations in the Philippines had
been hastened by the knowledge of increased Japanese activity in the western
Pacific.  Intelligence from British sources late in October 1941 had warned of
the presence of two Japanese aircraft carriers in the mandated islands.  Within
a few weeks American commanders learned from another warning that Japanese
planes had been detected flying over British territory, perhaps photographing
some of the Gilbert Islands.  British officials in Singapore suggested that the
associated powers send their own aircraft to photograph all the
Japanese-mandated islands, the coast line of French Indo-China, and other areas
occupied by Japan.  The War Department promptly approving the idea, notified
General MacArthur on 26 Nov 41 that two Consolidated B-24 Liberators equipped
for high-altitude photography would depart for the Philippines within 48 hours.
The crews were to fly at altitude and to avoid Japanese planes, but they were
to use every possible means of self-preservation if attacked by any aircraft.
The specific mission of the B-24's was to photograph Jaluit in the Marshall
Islands and Truk in the Caroline Islands, and to obtain as much information as
possible on the location and strength of military and naval installations.
General Brereton (Commander, Far East Air Force in the Philippines) notified
officials of the Royal Australian Air Force at Port Moresby (New Guinea) to
expect the arrival of the B-24s while General Short in Hawaii was given details
of the mission by the War Department.  For a while it appeared that American
forces in the Pacific would soon have firsthand information and photographs of
Japanese naval concentrations, but the B-24's were delayed in departing from
the United States.  Within a few days the War Department expressed fear that
the mission was impracticable because of the distance to be flown.  The mission
was not canceled, however, and one of the B-24's on 5 December reached Hawaii,
where it was decided to hold it until satisfactorily armed. From the first
there had been difficulty in securing and equipping the planes for the mission,
and at the outbreak of hostilities the second plane had not yet left the United
States."

According to Prange in AT DAWN WE SLEPT, when the B-24 arrived at Hickam Field
it only had three machine guns, one .30 caliber (7.6 mm) and two .50 caliber
(12.7 mm) in the tail and no ammunition.  It certainly was not prepared to
defend itself against any enemy action.  Since 5 Dec was a Friday, the aircraft
had to remain at least over the weekend before it could be made ready for its
mission.  It never made it; the single B-24 at Hickam Field was destroyed by
the Japanese during the attack on Sunday, 7 Dec.

-------------------------------------------------------------------
|  Jack McKillop         |  Those who have long enjoyed such      |
|  Bellcore              |  privileges as we enjoy forget in      |
|  Piscataway, NJ USA    |  time that men have died to win them.  |
|  jem3@cc.bellcore.com  |                       FDR              |
-------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 7 Dec 1993 07:11:02 -0500
From:    jem3@CC.BELLCORE.COM
Subject: US ARMY UNITS

This post lists the U.S. Army combat units that were active on 7 Dec 41. This
post is divided into eight sections, i.e.:

   I. Abbreviations
  II. Armored Units
 III. Cavalry Units
  IV. Coast Artillery and Antiaircraft Artillery Units
   V. Engineer Units
  VI. Field Artillery Units
 VII. Infantry Units
VIII. Units sorted by Station

Note the number of Cavalry and Coast Artillery units that were active; I
have heard that the Army was still buying horses for the Cavlary units in
Dec 41.  And of course, a ground general would never think of entrusting our
coast line to a fragile thing like an airplane.

Regular Army infantry divisions had converted to the triangular form by 7
Dec 41, i.e., three infantry regiments and field artillery battalions.  The
National Guard infantry divisions that had been federalized had not; they
still used two infantry brigades with two infantry regiments each and a
field artillery brigade with three field artillery regiments.

ABBREVIATIONS
-------------
AA - Antiaircraft
Bde - Brigade
Bn - Battalion
Bty - Battery
CA - Coast Artillery
Cav - Cavalry
Co - Company
Cp - Camp
CZ - Canal Zone
Div - Division
Engr - Engineer
FA - Field Artillery
Ft - Fort
Gp - Group
How - Howitzer
Inf - Infantry
Mil - Military
NG  - National Guard
PI - Philippine Islands
PR - Puerto Rico
Rcn - Reconnaissance
Regt - Regiment
Res - Reservation
TA - Territory of TA
TH - Territory of TH
Trk - Truck

II. ARMORED UNITS
-----------------

Armored Divisions
-----------------
1st Armored Div, Ft Knox, Ky
2d  Armored Div, Ft Benning, Ga
3d  Armored Div, Cp Polk, La
4th Armored Div, Pine Cp, NY
5th Armored Div, Ft Knox, Ky

Armored Brigades
----------------
1st Armored Bde, Ft Jackson, SC
2d  Armored Bde, Ft Benning, Ga
3d  Armored Bde, Cp Polk, La
4th Armored Bde, Pine Cp, NY
5th Armored Bde, Ft Knox, Ky

Armored Groups
--------------
1st Provisional Tank Gp, Ft Stotsenburg, PI
1st Tank Gp, Ft George G Meade, Md

Armored Regiments
-----------------
 1st Armored Regt (Light), Ft Knox, Ky
13th Armored Regt (Light), Ft Knox, Ky
31st Armored Regt (Light), Ft Knox, Ky
32d  Armored Regt (Light), Cp Polk, La
33d  Armored Regt (Light), Cp Polk, La
34th Armored Regt (Light), Ft Knox, Ky
35th Armored Regt (Light), Pine Cp, NY
37th Armored Regt (Light), Pine Cp, NY
40th Armored Regt (Medium), Cp Beauregard, La
66th Armored Regt (Light), Ft Benning, Ga
67th Armored Regt (Medium), Ft Benning, Ga
68th Armored Regt (Light), Ft Benning, Ga
69th Armored Regt (Medium), Ft Knox, Ky
80th Armored Regt (Medium), Pine Cp, NY
81st Armored Regt (Medium), Ft Knox, Ky

Tank Battalions
---------------
 70th Tank Bn (Light), Ft George G Meade, Md
191st Tank Bn (Light), Ft George G Meade, Md
       Co A = NY      Co B = Mass NG
       Co C = Va      Co D = Conn NG
192d  Tank Bn (Light), PI
       Co A = Wisc    Co B = Ill NG
       Co C = Ohio    Co D = Ky NG
193d  Tank Bn (Light), Ft Benning, Ga
       Co A = Ga      Co B = Ala NG
       Co C = Tex     Co D = Colo NG
194th Tank Bn (Light)
       Co A = Minn  in Philippine Is
       Co B = Mo  at Ft Lewis, Wash
       Co C = Calif  in Philippine Is
751st Tank Bn (Medium), Ft Benning, Ga
752d  Tank Bn (Medium), Ft Lewis, Wash
753d  Tank Bn (Medium), Ft Benning, Ga
754th Tank Bn (Medium), Pine Cp, NY
755th Tank Bn (Medium), Cp Bowie, Tex
756th Tank Bn (Light), Ft Lewis, Wash
757th Tank Bn (Light), Ft Ord, Calif
758th Tank Bn (Light) (Colored), Ft Knox, Ky
759th Tank Bn (Light), Ft Knox, Ky
760th Tank Bn (Light), Cp Bowie, Tex

III. CAVALRY UNITS
------------------

Cavalry Divisions
-----------------
1st Cav Div, Ft Bliss, Tex
2d  Cav Div (Horse), Ft Riley, Kans

Cavalry Brigades
----------------
Washington Provisional Bde, Ft Myer, Va
 1st Cav Bde, Ft Bliss, Tex
 2d  Cav Bde, Ft Bliss, Tex
 3d  Cav Bde, Ft Riley, Kans
 4th Cav Bde (Colored), Ft Riley, Kans
56th Cav Bde, Tex , Ft McIntosh, Tex

Cavalry Regiments
-----------------
  2d  Cav Regt (Horse), Ft Riley, Kans
  3d  Cav Regt (Horse-Mechanized), Ft Myer, Va
  4th Cav Regt (Horse-Mechanized), Ft Meade, SD
  5th Cav Regt (Horse), Ft Bliss, Tex
  6th Cav Regt (Horse-Mechanized), Ft Oglethorpe, Tenn
  7th Cav Regt (Horse), Ft Bliss, Tex
  8th Cav Regt (Horse), Ft Bliss, Tex
  9th Cav Regt (Horse) (Colored), Ft Riley, Kans
 10th Cav Regt (Horse) (Colored), Ft Riley, Kans
 11th Cav Regt (Horse), Ft Seeley, Calif
 12th Cav Regt (Horse), Ft Bliss, Tex
 14th Cav Regt (Horse), Ft Riley, Kans
 26th Cav Regt (Horse) (Philippine Scouts), PI
101st Cav Regt (Horse-Mechanized), NY NG, Ft Devans, Mass
102d  Cav Regt (Horse-Mechanized), NJ NG, Ft Jackson, SC
104th Cav Regt (Horse-Mechanized), Pa NG, Indiantown Gap Mil Res, Pa
106th Cav Regt (Horse-Mechanized), Ill NG, Cp Livingston, La
107th Cav Regt (Horse-Mechanized), Ohio NG, Cp Forrest, Tenn
112th Cav Regt (Horse), Tex NG, Ft Clark, Tex
113th Cav Regt (Horse-Mechanized), Iowa NG, Cp Bowie, Tex
115th Cav Regt (Horse-Mechanized), Wyo NG, Ft Lewis, Wash
124th Cav Regt (Horse), Tex NG, Ft Brown, Tex

Cavalry Squadrons and Reconnaissance Battlaions
-----------------------------------------------
US Military Academy Cav Squadron (Colored), West Point, NY
 4th Rcn Bn (Armored), Pine Cp, NY
81st Rcn Bn (Armored), Ft Knox, Ky
82d  Rcn Bn (Armored), Ft Benning, Ga
83d  Rcn Bn (Armored), Cp Beauregard, La
85th Rcn Bn (Armored), Ft Knox, Ky
91st Cav Rcn Squadron, Ft Bliss, Tex


IV. COAST ARTILLERY AND ANTIAIRCRAFT ARTILLERY UNITS
----------------------------------------------------

Coast Artillery Brigades
------------------------
Atlantic CA  Bde, Ft Randolph, CZ
Hawaiian Separate CA  Bde, Ft DeRussy, TH
Pacific CA  Bde, Ft Amador, CZ
 33d  CA  Bde (AA), Cp Hulen, Tex
 34th CA  Bde (AA), Ft Bragg, NC
 36th CA  Bde (AA), Cp Edwards, Mass
 37th CA  Bde (AA), Los Angeles, Calif
 38th CA  Bde (AA), Cp Stewart, Ga
 39th CA  Bde (AA), Ft Bliss, Tex
 40th CA  Bde (AA), Ft Sheridan, Ill
 53d  CA  Bde (AA), TH
101st CA  Bde (AA), Minn NG, Cp Haan, Calif
102d  CA  Bde (AA), NY NG, Cp Stewart, Ga

Coast Artillery Groups
----------------------
17th CA Training Gp, Cp Davis, NC
18th CA Training Gp, Cp Davis, NC

Coast Artillery Regiments
-------------------------
  1st CA Regt (Harbor Defense) (Type C), Ft Sherman, CZ
  2d  CA Regt (Harbor Defense) (Type A), Ft Monroe, Va
  3d  CA Regt (Harbor Defense) (Type A), Ft MacArthur, Calif
  4th CA Regt (Harbor Defense) (Type C), Ft Armador, CZ
  5th CA Regt (Harbor Defense) (Type A), Ft Hamilton, NY
  6th CA Regt (Harbor Defense) (Type C), Ft Winfield Scott, Calif
  7th CA Regt (Harbor Defense) (Type B), Ft Hancock, NJ
  8th CA Regt (Harbor Defense) (Type B), Ft Preble, Maine
  9th CA Regt (Harbor Defense) (Type A), Ft Banks, Mass
 10th CA Regt (Harbor Defense) (Type B), Ft Adams, RI
 11th CA Regt (Harbor Defense) (Type B), Ft HG Wright, NY
 13th CA Regt (Harbor Defense) (Type A), Ft Barrancas, Fla
 14th CA Regt (Harbor Defense) (Type A), Ft Worden, Wash
 15th CA Regt (Harbor Defense) (Type A), Ft Kamehameha, TH
 16th CA Regt (Harbor Defense) (Type A), TH
 18th CA Regt (Harbor Defense) (Type B), Ft Stevens, Ore
 19th CA Regt (Harbor Defense) (Type A), Ft Rosecrans, Calif
 20th CA Regt (Harbor Defense) (Type A), Ft Crockett, Tex
 21st CA Regt (Harbor Defense) (Type B), Ft Dupont, Del
 22d  CA Regt (Harbor Defense) (Type B), Ft Constitution, NH
 23d  CA Regt (Harbor Defense) (Type D), Ft Rodman, Mass
 52d  CA Regt (Railway 8-inch Gun), Ft Hancock, NJ
 54th CA Regt (155mm Gun) (Mobile) (Colored), Cp Davis, NC
 56th CA Regt (155mm Gun) (Mobile), Ft Cronkhite, Calif
 57th CA Regt (155mm Gun) (Mobile), Ft Cronkhite, Calif
        Bty B in Bermuda
        Bty C in Newfoundland
 59th CA Regt (Harbor Defense), Ft Mills, PI
 60th CA Regt (AA) (Semimobile), Ft Mills, PI
 61st CA Regt (AA) (Semimobile), Ft Sheridan, Ill
 62d  CA Regt (AA) (Mobile), Ft Hancock, NJ (Btys in Newfoundland)
 63d  CA Regt (AA) (Semimobile), Ft Bliss, Tex
 64th CA Regt (AA) (Semimobile), TH
 65th CA Regt (AA) (Semimobile), Los Angeles, Calif
 67th CA Regt (AA) (Mobile), Ft Bragg, NC
 68th CA Regt (AA) (Mobile), Cp Edwards, Mass
 69th CA Regt (AA) (Semimobile), Cp Hulen, Tex
 70th CA Regt (AA) (Semimobile), Cp Stewart, Ga
 71st CA Regt (AA) (Semimobile), Ft Story, Va
 72d  CA Regt (AA) (Semimobile), Ft Randolph, CZ
 73d  CA Regt (AA) (Semimobile), Ft Amador, CZ
 74th CA Regt (AA) (Semimobile), Cp Pendleton, Va
 75th CA Regt (AA) (Semimobile), Ft Richardson, TA
 76th CA Regt (AA) (Semimobile) (Colored), Ft Bragg, NC
 77th CA Regt (AA) (Semimobile) (Colored), Ft Bragg, NC
 78th CA Regt (AA) (Semimobile), Ft MacArthur, Calif
 79th CA Regt (AA) (Semimobile), Ft Bliss, Tex
 82d  CA Regt (AA) (Semimobile), Ft Randolph, CZ
 83d  CA Regt (AA) (Semimobile), Ft Kobbe, CZ
 91st CA Regt (Harbor Defense) (Philippine Scouts), Ft Mills, PI
 92d  CA Regt (Harbor Defense) (Philippine Scouts), Ft Mills, PI
 93d  CA Regt (AA) (Semimobile), Cp Davis, NC
 94th CA Regt (AA) (Semimobile), Cp Davis, NC
 95th CA Regt (AA) (Semimobile), Cp Davis, NC
 96th CA Regt (AA) (Semimobile), Cp Davis, NC
 97th CA Regt (AA) (Semimobile), Ft Kamehameha, TH
 98th CA Regt (AA) (Semimobile), Schofield Barracks, TH
 99th CA Regt (AA) (Semimobile) (Colored), Cp Davis, NC
100th CA Regt (AA) (Semimobile) (Colored), Cp Davis, NC
197th CA Regt (AA) (Semimobile), NH NG, Cp Hulen, Tex
198th CA Regt (AA) (Semimobile), Del NG, Ft Ontario, NY
200th CA Regt (AA) (Semimobile), NM NG, Ft Stotsenburg, PI
202d  CA Regt (AA) (Semimobile), Ill NG, Ft Bliss, Tex
203d  CA Regt (AA) (Semimobile), Mo NG, Cp Hulen, Tex
204th CA Regt (AA) (Semimobile), La NG, Cp Hulen, Tex
205th CA Regt (AA) (Semimobile), Wash NG, Ft Lewis, Wash
206th CA Regt (AA) (Semimobile), Ark NG, Cp Murray, Wash
207th CA Regt (AA) (Semimobile), NY NG, Cp Stewart,  Ga
208th CA Regt (AA) (Semimobile), Conn NG, Cp Edwards, Mass
209th CA Regt (AA) (Semimobile), NY NG, Cp Stewart, Ga
210th CA Regt (AA) (Semimobile), Mich NG, Ft Sheridan, Ill
211th CA Regt (AA) (Semimobile), Mass NG, Cp Hulen, Tex
212th CA Regt (AA) (Semimobile), NY NG, Cp Stewart, Ga
213th CA Regt (AA) (Semimobile), Pa NG, Cp Stewart, Ga
214th CA Regt (AA) (Semimobile), Ga NG, Cp Stewart, Ga
215th CA Regt (AA) (Semimobile), Minn NG, Ft Greely, TA
216th CA Regt (AA) (Semimobile), Minn NG, San Francisco, Calif
217th CA Regt (AA) (Semimobile), Minn NG, Oakland, Calif
240th CA Regt (Harbor Defense) (Type A), Me NG, Ft McKinley, Maine
241st CA Regt (Harbor Defense) (Type C), Mass NG, Ft Andrews, Mass
242d  CA Regt (Harbor Defense) (Type A), Conn NG, Ft Terry, NY
243d  CA Regt (Harbor Defense) (Type A), RI NG, Ft Getty, RI
244th CA Regt (155mm Gun) (Mobile), NY NG, Cp Pendleton, Va
245th CA Regt (Harbor Defense) (Type C), NY NG, Ft Hancock, NJ
246th CA Regt (Harbor Defense) (Type A), Va NG, Ft Monroe & Ft Story, Va
248th CA Regt (Harbor Defense) (Type B), Wash NG, Ft Worden,  Wash
249th CA Regt (Harbor Defense) (Type B), Ore NG, Ft Stevens, Ore
250th CA Regt (155mm Gun) (Mobile), Calif NG, TA
251st CA Regt (AA) (Semimobile), Calif NG, Cp Malakole, TH
252d  CA Regt (155mm Gun) (Mobile), NC NG, Ft Screven, Ga
253d  CA Regt (155mm Gun) (Mobile), PR NG, PR
260th CA Regt (AA) (Semimobile), DC NG, Ft Bliss, Tex
263d  CA Regt (Harbor Defense) (Type B), SC NG, Ft Moultrie, SC
265th CA Regt (Harbor Defense) (Type B), Fla NG, Ft Crockett, Tex
369th CA Regt (AA) (Colored), NY NG, Cp Edwards, Mass
625th CA Regt (Harbor Defense), Ft Rosecrans, Calif

Harbor Defenses
---------------
Harbor Defenses of Argentia and St John's, Newfoundland
Harbor Defenses of Balboa, CZ
Harbor Defenses of Bermuda, Bermuda
Harbor Defenses of Boston, Ft Banks, Mass
Harbor Defenses of Charleston, Ft Moultire, SC
Harbor Defenses of Chesapeake Bay, Ft Monroe, Va
Harbor Defenses of Columbia River, Ft Stevens, Ore
Harbor Defenses of Cristobal, CZ
Harbor Defenses of Delaware, Ft Miles, Del
Harbor Defenses of Eastern NY, Ft Totten, NY
Harbor Defenses of Galveston, Ft Crockett, Tex
Harbor Defenses of Honolulu, Ft Hafter, TH
Harbor Defenses of Key West, Ft Taylor, Fla
Harbor Defenses of Long Island Sound, Ft HG Wright, NY
Harbor Defenses of Los Angeles, Ft MacArthur, Calif
Harbor Defenses of Manila & Subic Bays, Ft Mills, PI
Harbor Defenses of Narragansett Bay, Ft Adams, RI
Harbor Defenses of New Bedford, Ft Rodman, Mass
Harbor Defenses of NY, Ft Hancock, NJ
Harbor Defenses of Pensacola, Ft Barrancas, Fla
Harbor Defenses of Portland, Ft William, Maine
Harbor Defenses of Portsmouth, Cp Langdon, NH
Harbor Defenses of Puget Sound, Ft Worden, Wash
Harbor Defenses of San Diego, Ft Rosecrans, Calif
Harbor Defenses of San Francisco, Ft Winfield Scott, Calif
Harbor Defenses of San Juan, Ft Brooke, PR
Harbor Defenses of Southern NY, Ft Hamilton, NY
Harbor Defenses of Trinidad, Trinidad, British West Indies
Harbor Defenses of Wilmington, Wilmington, NC

Antiarcraft Artillery, Barrage Balloon and  Coast Artillery Battalions
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Provisional CA Bn (155mm Gun) (Philippine Scouts), PI
 23d  Separate CA Bn (Harbor Defense), Ft Rodman, Mass
101st Separate CA Bn (AA-Automatic Weapons), Tex NG, station unknown
102d  Separate CA Bn (AA-Automatic Weapons), NY NG, station unknown
103d  Separate CA Bn (AA-Automatic Weapons), Ky NG, station unknown
104th Separate CA Bn (AA-Automatic Weapons), Ala NG, station unknown
105th Separate CA Bn (AA-Automatic Weapons), La NG, station unknown
106th Separate CA Bn (AA-Automatic Weapons), Ky NG, station unknown
107th Separate CA Bn (AA-Automatic Weapons), SC NG, station unknown
121st Separate CA Bn (AA-Gun), Nev NG, station unknown
122d  Separate CA Bn (AA-Gun), NJ NG, station unknown
123d  Separate CA Bn (AA-Gun), PR NG, PR
261st CA Bn (Harbor Defense), Del NG, station unknown
301st Separate CA Barrage Balloon Bn, Cp Davis, NC
302d  CA Barrage Balloon Bn, Cp Davis, NC
304th CA Barrage Balloon Bn, Cp Davis, NC
305th CA Barrage Balloon Bn, Cp Davis, NC
303d  CA Barrage Balloon Bn, Cp Davis, NC
421st CA Bn (AA-Composite) (Semimobile), St John's, Newfoundland
423d  CA Bn (AA-Composite) (Semimobile), Ft Bliss, Tex


V. ENGINEER UNITS
-----------------

Engineer Regiments
------------------
  5th Engr Combat Regt, Iceland
 11th Engr Combat Regt, Ft Clayton, CZ
 14th Engr Regt (Combat) (Philippine Scouts), Ft Wm McKinley, PI
 18th Engr Combat Regt, Vancouver Barracks, Wash
 19th Engr Combat Regt, Ft Ord, Calif
 20th Engr Combat Regt, Ft Benning, Ga
 20th Engr Regt (Aviation), Langley Field, Va
 34th Engr Combat Regt, TH
 35th Engr Combat Regt, Cp Joseph T Robinson, Ark
 36th Engr Combat Regt, Plattsburg Barracks, NY
 37th Engr Combat Regt, Cp Bowie, Tex
 38th Engr Regt (Combat), Ft Jackson, SC
 41st Engr General Service Regt (Colored), Ft Bragg, NC
 42d  Engr General Service Regt, Cp Shelby, Miss
 43d  Engr Regt (General Service), Cp Joseph T Robinson, Ark
 43d  Engr Regt (General Service), Ft Belvoir, Va
 45th Engr General Service Regt (Colored), Cp Blanding, Fla
 46th Engr General Service Regt, Cp Bowie, Tex
 47th Engr General Service Regt, Ft Ord, Calif
101st Engrs (Combat), Mass NG, Cp Edwards, Mass
102d  Engrs (Combat), NY NG, Ft McClellan, Ala
103d  Engrs (Combat), Pa NG, Indiantown Gap Military Reservation, Pa
104th Engrs (Combat), NJ NG, Ft Dix, NJ
105th Engrs (Combat), NC NG, Ft Jackson, SC
106th Engrs (Combat), Miss NG, Cp Blanding, Fla
107th Engrs (Combat), Mich NG, Cp Livingston, La
108th Engrs (Combat), Ill NG, Cp Forrest, Tenn
109th Engrs (Combat), SD NG, Cp Claiborne, La
110th Engrs (Combat), Mo NG, Cp Joseph T Robinson, Ark
111th Engrs (Combat), Tex NG, Cp Bowie, Tex
112th Engrs (Combat), Ohio NG, Cp Shelby, Miss
113th Engrs (Combat), Ind NG, Cp Shelby, Miss
115th Engrs (Combat), Utah NG, Cp San Luis Obispo, Calif
116th Engrs (Combat), Ida NG, Ft Lewis, Wash
118th Engrs (Combat), RI NG, Cp Blanding, Fla
120th Engrs (Combat), NM NG, Cp Barkeley, Tex
121st Engrs (Combat), DC NG, Ft George G Meade, Md
130th Engrs (Combat), PR NG, Ft Buchanan, PR
151st Engrs (Combat), Ala NG, Cp Claiborne, La (1st Bn at Dutch Harbor, TA)

Engineer Battalions
-------------------
  1st Bn, 78th Engr Combat Regt, Ft Buchanan, PR
  1st Engr Combat Bn, Ft Dupont, Del
  2d  Engr Combat Bn, Ft Logan, Colo
  3d  Engr Combat Bn, Schofield Barracks, TH
  4th Engr Combat Bn, Ft Benning, Ga
  6th Engr Combat Bn, Ft Lawton, Wash
  7th Engr Combat Bn, Ft Logan, Colo
  8th Engr Combat Bn, Ft McIntosh, Tex
  9th Engr Combat Squadron, Ft Riley, Kans
 10th Engr Combat Bn, Ft Lewis, Wash
 11th Engr Combat Bn, Cp Jackson, SC
 13th Engr Combat Bn, Ft Ord, Calif
 15th Engr Combat Bn, Ft Bragg, NC
 16th Armored Engr Bn, Ft Knox, Ky
 17th Armored Engr Bn, Ft Benning, Ga
 22d  Armored Engr Bn, Ft Knox, Ky
 23d  Armored Engr Bn, Cp Beauregard, La
 24th Armored Engr Bn, Pine Cp, NY
 27th Engr Bn (Combat), Ft Dupont, Del
 29th Engr Bn (Topographic) (Army), Portland, Ore
 30th Engr Bn (Topographic) (Army), Portland, Ore
 65th Engr Combat Bn, Schofield Barracks, TH
 80th Engr Water Supply Bn, Cp Livingston, La
 84th Army Engr Camouflage Bn, Ft Belvoir, Va
 85th Engr Heavy Ponton Bn, Ft Belvoir, Va
 86th Engr Heavy Ponton Bn, Ft Knox, Ky
 87th Engr Heavy Ponton Bn, Ft Benning, Ga
 88th Engr Heavy Ponton Bn, Cp Beauregard, La
 89th Engr Heavy Ponton Bn, Ft Leonard Wood, Mo
 90th Engr Heavy Ponton Bn, Ft Lewis, Wash
 91st Engr Bn (Separate) (Colored), Cp Shelby, Miss
 92d  Engr Bn (Separate) (Colored), Ft Leornard Wood, Mo
 93d  Engr Bn (Separate) (Colored), Cp Livingston, La
 94th Engr Bn (Separate) (Colored), Ft Custer, Mich
 95th Engr Bn (Separate) (Colored), Ft Belvoir, Va
 96th Engr Bn (Separate) (Colored), Ft Bragg, NC
 97th Engr Bn (Separate) (Colored), Cp Blanding, Fla
 98th Engr Bn (Separate) (Colored), Cp Bowie, Tex
802d  Engr Aviation Bn, Ft Glenn, TA
803d  Engr Aviation Bn, PI
804th Engr Aviation Bn, Schofield Barracks, TH
805th Engr Aviation Bn, Albrook Field, CZ
808th Engr Aviation Bn, March Field, Calif
809th Engr Aviation Bn, Westover Field, Mass
810th Engr Aviation Bn (Colored), MacDill Field, Fla
811th Engr Aviation Bn (Colored), Langley Field, Va


VI. FIELD ARTILLERY UNITS
-------------------------

Field Artillery Brigades
------------------------
Ft Bragg Provisional FA Bde, Ft Bragg, NC
13th FA Bde, Ft Bragg, NC
18th FA Bde, Ft Sill, Okla
26th FA Bde, Enroute US to PI
46th FA Bde (Colored), Cp Livingston, La
51st FA Bde, Mass NG, Cp Edwards, Mass
52d  FA Bde, NY NG, Ft McClellan, Ala
53d  FA Bde, Pa NG, Indiantown Gap Mil Res, Pa
54th FA Bde, Va NG, Ft George G Meade, Md
55th FA Bde, Ga NG, Ft Jackson, SC
56th FA Bde, Fla NG, Cp Blanding, Fla
57th FA Bde, Wisc NG, Cp Livingston, La
58th FA Bde, Ill NG, Cp Forrest, Tenn
59th FA Bde, Minn NG, Cp Claiborne, La
60th FA Bde, Kans NG, Cp Joseph T Robinson, Ark
61st FA Bde, Tex NG, Cp Bowie, Tex
62d  FA Bde, Ohio NG, Cp Shelby, Miss
63d  FA Bde, Ky NG, Cp Shelby, Miss
65th FA Bde, Utah NG, Cp San Luis Obispo, Calif
66th FA Bde, Wash NG, Ft Lewis, Wash
68th FA Bde, RI NG, Cp Blanding, Fla
69th FA Bde, NJ NG, Ft Dix, NJ
70th FA Bde, Okla NG, Cp Barkeley, Tex
71st FA Bde, NY NG, Ft Ethan Allen, Vt
72d  FA Bde, Mich NG, Ft Leonard Wood, Mo
73d  FA Bde, Pa NG, Cp Shelby, Miss
74th FA Bde, Ga NG, Cp Blanding, Fla
75th FA Bde, Tenn NG, Cp Forrest, Tenn
76th FA Bde, Calif NG, Ft Francis E Warren, Wyo

Field Artillery Regiments
-------------------------
 14th FA Regt (105mm How) (Armored), Ft Benning, Ga
 17th FA Regt (155mm How) (Trk Drawn), Ft Bragg, NC
 18th FA Regt (Composite School Troops), Ft Sill, Okla
 23d  FA Regt (2.95-inch Gun) (Pack) (Philippine Scouts), Ft Stotsenberg, PI
 24th FA Regt (75mm Gun) (Trk Drawn) (Philippine Scouts), Ft Stotsenberg, PI
 30th FA Regt (155mm How) (Trk Drawn), Cp Roberts, Calif
 35th FA Regt (155mm Gun) (Motorized), Cp Blanding, Fla
 36th FA Regt (155mm Gun) (Motorized), Ft Bragg, NC
 40th FA Regt (155mm How) (Trk Drawn), Cp Roberts, Calif
 47th FA Regt (155mm How) (Trk Drawn), Ft Bragg, NC
 65th FA Regt (105mm How) (Armored), Ft Knox, Ky
 66th FA Regt (105mm How) (Armored), Pine Cp, NY
 67th FA Regt (105mm How) (Armored), Cp Polk, La
 68th FA Regt (105mm How) (Armored), Ft Knox, Ky
 72d  FA Regt (105mm How) (Trk Drawn), Ft Bragg, NC
 77th FA Regt (155mm How) (Trk Drawn), Ft DA Russell, Tex
 79th FA Regt (240mm How) (Motorized), Ft Bragg, NC
 88th FA Regt (75mm Gun) (Philippine Scouts), Ft Stotsenberg, PI
101st FA Regt (75mm Gun) (Trk Drawn), Mass NG, Cp Edwards, Mass
102d  FA Regt (75mm Gun) (Trk Drawn), Mass NG, Cp Edwards, Mass
103d  FA Regt (75mm Gun) (Trk Drawn), RI NG, Cp Blanding, Fla
104th FA Regt (75mm Gun) (Trk Drawn), NY NG, Ft McClellan, Ala
105th FA Regt (75mm Gun) (Trk Drawn), NY NG, Ft McClellan, Ala
106th FA Regt (155mm How) (Trk Drawn), NY NG, Ft McClellan, Ala
107th FA Regt (75mm Gun) (Trk Drawn), Pa NG, Indiantown Gap Mil Res, Pa
108th FA Regt (155mm How) (Trk Drawn), Pa NG, Indiantown Gap Mil Res, Pa
109th FA Regt (75mm Gun) (Trk Drawn), Pa NG, Indiantown Gap Mil Res, Pa
110th FA Regt (75mm Gun) (Trk Drawn), Md NG, Ft George G Meade, Md
111th FA Regt (75mm Gun) (Trk Drawn), Va NG, Ft George G Meade, Md
112th FA Regt (75mm Gun) (Trk Drawn), NJ NG, Ft Bragg, NC
113th FA Regt (155mm How) (Trk Drawn), NC NG, Ft Jackson, SC
114th FA Regt (155mm How) (Trk Drawn), Miss NG, Cp Blanding, Fla
115th FA Regt (75mm Gun) (Trk Drawn), Tenn NG, Ft Jackson, SC
116th FA Regt (75mm Gun) (Trk Drawn), Fla NG, Cp Blanding, Fla
117th FA Regt (75mm Gun) (Trk Drawn), Ala NG, Cp Blanding, Fla
118th FA Regt (75mm Gun) (Trk Drawn), Ga NG, Ft Jackson, SC
119th FA Regt (155mm Gun) (Motorized), Mich NG, Ft Leonard Wood, Mo
120th FA Regt (75mm Gun) (Trk Drawn), Wisc NG, Cp Livingston, La
121st FA Regt (155mm How) (Trk Drawn), Wisc NG, Cp Livingston, La
122d  FA Regt (75mm Gun) (Trk Drawn), Ill NG, Cp Forrest, Tenn
123d  FA Regt (155mm How) (Trk Drawn), Ill NG, Cp Joseph T Robinson, Ark
124th FA Regt (75mm Gun) (Trk Drawn), Ill NG, Cp Forrest, Tenn
125th FA Regt (75mm Gun) (Trk Drawn), Minn NG, Cp Claiborne, La
126th FA Regt (75mm Gun) (Trk Drawn), Wisc NG, Cp Livingston, La
127th FA Regt (155mm How) (Trk Drawn), Kans NG, Cp Joseph T Robinson, Ark
128th FA Regt (75mm Gun) (Trk Drawn), Mo NG, Cp Blanding, Fla
130th FA Regt (75mm Gun) (Trk Drawn), Kans NG, Cp Joseph T Robinson, Ark
131st FA Regt (75mm Gun) (Trk Drawn), Tex NG, Cp Bowie Tex (2d Bn enroute US
  to PI)
132d  FA Regt (75mm Gun) (Trk Drawn), Tex NG, Cp Bowie, Tex
133d  FA Regt (155mm How) (Trk Drawn), Tex NG, Cp Bowie, Tex
134th FA Regt (75mm Gun) (Trk Drawn), Ohio NG, Cp Shelby, Miss
135th FA Regt (75mm Gun) (Trk Drawn), Ohio NG, Cp Shelby, Miss
136th FA Regt (155mm How) (Trk Drawn), Ohio NG, Cp Shelby, Miss
138th FA Regt (75mm Gun) (Trk Drawn), Ky NG, Cp Shelby, Miss
139th FA Regt (75mm Gun) (Trk Drawn), Ind NG, Cp Shelby, Miss
140th FA Regt (155mm How) (Trk Drawn), La NG, Cp Shelby, Miss
142d  FA Regt (155mm How) (Trk Drawn), Ark NG, Ft Sill, Okla
143d  FA Regt (75mm Gun) (Trk Drawn), Calif NG, Cp San Luis Obispo, Calif
144th FA Regt (155mm Gun) (Motorized), Calif NG, Ft Lewis, Wash
145th FA Regt (75mm Gun) (Trk Drawn), Utah NG, Cp San Luis Obispo, Calif
146th FA Regt (75mm Gun) (Trk Drawn), Wash NG, Ft Lewis, Wash
147th FA Regt (105mm How) (Trk Drawn), SD NG, enroute US to PI
148th FA Regt (75mm Gun) (Trk Drawn), Ida NG, enroute US to PI
150th FA Regt (155mm How) (Trk Drawn), Ind NG, Cp Shelby, Miss
151st FA Regt (75mm Gun) (Trk Drawn), Minn NG, Cp Claiborne,  La
152d  FA Regt (75mm Gun) (Trk Drawn), Me NG, Cp Blanding, Fla
156th FA Regt (75mm Gun) (Trk Drawn), NY NG, Ft Dix, NJ
157th FA Regt (155mm How) (Trk Drawn), NJ NG, Ft Dix, NJ
158th FA Regt (75mm Gun) (Trk Drawn), Okla NG, Ft Sill, Okla 2d Bn at Cp
  Barkeley, Tex
160th FA Regt (75mm Gun) (Trk Drawn), Okla NG, Cp Barkeley, Tex
161st FA Regt (75mm Gun) (Trk Drawn), Kans NG, Cp Joseph T Robinson, Ark
162d  FA Regt (75mm Gun) (Trk Drawn), PR NG, Henry Barracks, PR
165th FA Regt (75mm Gun) (Trk Drawn), NJ NG, Ft Dix, NJ
166th FA Regt (155mm How) (Trk Drawn), Pa NG, Cp Shelby, Miss
168th FA Regt (155mm Gun) (Motorized), Colo NG, Cp Forrest, Tenn
172d  FA Regt (155mm How) (Trk Drawn), NH NG, Cp Blanding, Fla
176th FA Regt (155mm How) (Trk Drawn), Pa NG, Ft George G Meade, Md
177th FA Regt (155mm How) (Trk Drawn), Mich NG, Ft Leonard Wood, Mo
178th FA Regt (155mm How) (Trk Drawn), SC NG, Ft Bragg, NC
179th FA Regt (155mm How) (Trk Drawn), Ga NG, Cp Blanding, Fla
180th FA Regt (155mm How) (Trk Drawn), Mass NG, Cp Edwards, Mass
181st FA Regt (155mm How) (Trk Drawn), Tenn NG, Cp Forrest, Tenn
182d  FA Regt (155mm How) (Trk Drawn), Mich NG, Ft Leonard Wood, Mo
183d  FA Regt (155mm How) (Trk Drawn), Ida NG, Ft Francis E Warren, Wyo
184th FA Regt (155mm How) (Trk Drawn) (Colored), Ill NG, Ft Custer, Mich
185th FA Regt (155mm How) (Trk Drawn), Iowa NG, Cp Claiborne, La
186th FA Regt (155mm How) (Trk Drawn), NY NG, Ft Ethan Allen, Vt
187th FA Regt (155mm How) (Trk Drawn), NY NG, Ft Ethan Allen, Vt
188th FA Regt (155mm How) (Trk Drawn), ND NG, Ft Francis E Warren, Wyo
189th FA Regt (155mm How) (Trk Drawn), Okla NG, Cp Barkeley, Tex
190th FA Regt (155mm Gun) (Motorized), Pa NG, Cp Shelby, Miss
191st FA Regt (155mm How) (Trk Drawn), Tenn NG, Cp Forrest, Tenn
192d  FA Regt (155mm How) (Trk Drawn), Conn NG, Cp Blanding, Fla
218th FA Regt (155mm How) (Trk Drawn), Ore NG, Ft Lewis, Wash
222d  FA Regt (155mm How) (Trk Drawn), Utah NG, Cp San Luis Obispo, Calif
258th FA Regt (155mm Gun) (Motorized), NY NG, Madison Barracks, NJ
349th FA Regt (155mm Gun) (Motorized) (Colored), Ft Sill, Okla
350th FA Regt (155mm Gun) (Motorized) (Colored), Cp Livingston, La
351st FA Regt (155mm Gun) (Motorized) (Colored), Cp Livingston, La
353d  FA Regt (155mm Gun) (Motorized) (Colored), Cp Livingston, La

Field Artillery Battalions
--------------------------
 1st FA Bn (105mm How Tractor Drawn), Ft Sill, Okla
 1st FA Observation Bn, Ft Bragg, NC
 2d  FA Bn (105mm How Tractor Drawn), Ft Clayton, CZ
 2d  FA Observation Bn, Ft Bragg, NC
 3d  FA Bn (75mm How Horse-Drawn), Ft Riley, Kans
 3d  FA Observation Bn, Ft Bragg, NC
 4th FA Bn (75mm How, Pack), Ft Bragg, NC
 5th FA Bn (155mm How Tractor Drawn), Madison Barracks, NJ
 6th FA Bn (105mm How Tractor Drawn), Ft Bragg, NC
 7th FA Bn (105mm How Trk Drawn), Ft Ethan Allen, Vt
 7th FA Observation Bn, Ft Bragg, NC
 8th FA Bn (105mm How Tractor Drawn), Ft Shafter, TH
 8th FA Observation Bn, Ft Sill, Okla
 9th FA Bn (155mm How Trk Drawn), Ft Lewis, Wash
10th FA Bn (105mm How Trk Drawn), Ft Lewis, Wash
11th FA Bn (155mm How Tractor Drawn), Schofield Barracks, TH
12th FA Bn (155mm How Tractor Drawn), Ft Sam Houston, Tex
13th FA Bn (105mm How Tractor Drawn), Schofield Barracks, TH
15th FA Bn (105mm How Trk Drawn), Ft Sam Houston, Tex
16th FA Bn (75mm Gun Horse-Drawn), Ft Myer, Va
19th FA Bn (105mm How Trk Drawn), Ft Knox, Ky
20th FA Bn (155mm How Tractor Drawn), Ft Benning, Ga
21st FA Bn (155mm How Tractor Drawn), Ft Knox, Ky
22d  FA Bn (Armored), Pine Cp, NY
25th FA Bn (105mm How Trk Drawn), Henry Barracks, PR
26th FA Bn (105mm How Trk Drawn), Ft Bragg, NC
27th FA Bn (Armored), Ft Knox, Ky
28th FA Bn (155mm How Tractor Drawn), Ft Jackson, SC
29th FA Bn (105mm How Trk Drawn), Ft Benning, Ga
31st FA Bn (155mm How Tractor Drawn), Ft Ord, Calif
32d  FA Bn (105mm How Trk Drawn), Ft Ethan Allen, Vt
33d  FA Bn (105mm How Trk Drawn), Ft Ethan Allen, Vt
34th FA Bn (155mm How Tractor Drawn), Ft Bragg, NC
37th FA Bn (105mm How Trk Drawn), Ft Sam Houston, Tex
38th FA Bn (105mm How Trk Drawn), Ft Ethan Allen, Vt
39th FA Bn (105mm How Trk Drawn), Ft Lewis, Wash
41st FA Bn (105mm How Trk Drawn), Ft Lewis, Wash
42d  FA Bn (105mm How Trk Drawn), Ft Benning, Ga
43d  FA Bn (105mm How Trk Drawn), Ft Jackson, SC
45th FA Bn (105mm How Trk Drawn), Ft Jackson, SC
46th FA Bn (105mm How Trk Drawn), Ft Knox, Ky
48th FA Bn (105mm How Trk Drawn), Ft Ord, Calif
49th FA Bn (105mm How Trk Drawn), Ft Ord, Calif
50th FA Bn (105mm How Trk Drawn), Ft Knox, Ky
51st FA Bn (105mm How Tractor Drawn), Ft Sill, Okla
52d  FA Bn (105mm How Tractor Drawn), Schofield Barracks, TH
53d  FA Bn (105mm How Tractor Drawn), Ft Sill, Okla
54th FA Bn (105mm How Trk Drawn), Cp Beauregard, La
56th FA Bn (105mm How Trk Drawn), Ft Jackson, SC
57th FA Bn (105mm How Trk Drawn), Ft Ord, Calif
58th Armored FA Bn, Ft Knox, Ky
60th FA Bn (105mm How Trk Drawn), Ft Bragg, NC
61st FA Bn (75mm How Horse-Drawn), Ft Bliss, Tex
62d  FA Bn (105mm How Trk Drawn), Ft Bliss, Tex
63d  FA Bn (105mm How Tractor Drawn), Schofield Barracks, TH
64th FA Bn (105mm How Tractor Drawn), Oahu, TH
70th FA Bn (75mm Gun Horse-Drawn), Ft Jackson, SC
71st FA Bn (75mm Gun Horse-Drawn), Ft Jackson, SC
74th FA Bn (105mm How Trk Drawn), Ft Ord, Calif
75th FA Bn (155mm How Tractor Drawn), Ft Ord, Calif
76th FA Bn (105mm How Trk Drawn), Ft Ord, Calif
78th Armored FA Bn, Ft Benning, Ga
80th FA Bn (155mm How Tractor Drawn), Ft Des Moines, Iowa
81st FA Bn (155mm How Tractor Drawn), TA
82d  FA Bn (105mm How Tractor Drawn), Ft Bliss, Tex
83d  FA Bn (105mm How Trk Drawn), Ft Sill, Okla
84th FA Bn (105mm How Trk Drawn), Ft Bragg, NC
86th FA Bn (155mm How) (Philippine Scouts), Ft Stotsenburg, PI
87th Armored FA Bn, Ft William E Davis, Panama
89th FA Bn (105mm How Tractor Drawn), Ft Shafter, TH
90th FA Bn (155mm How Tractor Drawn), Schofield Barracks, TH
97th FA Bn (75mm How, Pack), Ft Bragg, NC
98th FA Bn (75mm How, Pack), Ft Lewis, Wash
99th FA Bn (75mm How, Pack), Edgewood Arsenal, Md


VII. INFANTRY UNITS
-------------------

Infantry Divisions
------------------
Philippine Div, Ft McKinley, PI
 1st Div, Ft Devens, Mass
 2d  Div, Ft Sam Houston, Tex
 3d  Div, Ft Lewis, Wash
 4th Motorized Div, Ft Benning, Ga
 5th Div, Ft Custer, Mich
 6th Div, Ft Leonard Wood, Mo
 7th Div, Ft Ord, Calif
 8th Inf Div, Ft Jackson, SC
 9th Div, Ft Bragg, NC
24th Inf Div, Schofield Barracks, TH
25th Inf Div, Schofield Barracks, TH
26th Div, Mass NG, Cp Edward, Mass
27th Div, NY NG, Ft McClellan, Ala
28th Div, Pa NG, Indiantown Gap Mil Res, Pa
29th Div, DC NG, Ft George G Meade, Md
30th Div, SC NG, Ft Jackson, SC
31st Div, Ala NG, Cp Blanding, Fla
32d  Div, Mich NG, Cp Livingston, La
33d  Div, Ill NG, Cp Forrest, Tenn
34th Div, Iowa NG, Cp Claiborne, La
35th Div, Neb NG, Ft Ord, Calif
36th Div, Tex NG, Cp Bowie, Tex
37th Div, Ohio NG, Cp Shelby, Miss
38th Div, Ind NG, Cp Shelby, Miss
40th Div, Calif NG, Cp San Luis Obispo, Calif
41st Div, Ore NG, Ft Lewis, Wash
43d  Div, Conn NG, Cp Blanding, Fla
44th Div, NJ NG, Ft Dix, NJ
45th Div, Okla NG, Cp Barkeley, Tex

Infantry Brigades
-----------------
51st Inf Bde, Mass NG, Cp Edwards, Mass
52d  Inf Bde, Mass NG, Cp Edwards, Mass
53d  Inf Bde, NY NG, Ft McClellan, Ala
54th Inf Bde, NY NG, Ft McClellan, Ala
55th Inf Bde, Pa NG, Indiantown Gap Mil Res, Pa
56th Inf Bde, Pa NG, Indiantown Gap Mil Res, Pa
57th Inf Bde, NJ NG, Ft Dix, NJ
58th Inf Bde, Md NG, Ft George G Meade, Md
59th Inf Bde, Ga NG, Ft Jackson, SC
60th Inf Bde, NC NG, Ft Jackson, SC
61st Inf Bde, La NG, Cp Blanding, Fla
62d  Inf Bde, Ala & Fla NG, Cp Blanding, Fla
63d  Inf Bde, Mich NG, Cp Livingston, La
64th Inf Bde, Wisc NG, Cp Livingston, La
65th Inf Bde, Ill NG, Cp Forrest, Tenn
66th Inf Bde, Ill NG, Cp Forrest, Tenn
67th Inf Bde, Iowa NG, Cp Claiborne, La
68th Inf Bde, Minn & ND NG, Cp Claiborne, La
69th Inf Bde, Neb & Kans NG, Cp Joseph T Robinson, Ark
70th Inf Bde, Mo NG, Cp Joseph T Robinson, Ark
71st Inf Bde, Tex NG, Cp Bowie, Tex
72d  Inf Bde, Tex NG, Cp Bowie, Tex
73d  Inf Bde, Ohio NG, Cp Shelby, Miss
74th Inf Bde, Ohio NG, Cp Shelby, Miss
75th Inf Bde, Ky NG, Cp Shelby, Miss
76th Inf Bde, Ind NG, Cp Shelby, Miss
79th Inf Bde, Calif NG, Cp San Luis Obispo, Calif
80th Inf Bde, Calif NG, Cp San Luis Obispo, Calif
81st Inf Bde, Wash NG, Ft Lewis, Wash
82d  Inf Bde, Ore NG, Ft Lewis, Wash
85th Inf Bde, Conn NG, Cp Blanding, Fla
86th Inf Bde, Vt & Me NG, Cp Blanding, Fla
87th Inf Bde, NY NG, Ft Dix, NJ
88th Inf Bde, Va NG, Ft George G Meade, Md
89th Inf Bde, Ariz & Colo NG, Cp Barkeley, Tex
90th Inf Bde, Okla NG, Cp Barkeley, Tex
92d  Inf Bde, PR NG, Cp Tortuguero, PR

Infantry Regiments
------------------
  1st Inf Regt, Ft Leornard Wood, Mo
  2d  Inf Regt, Ft Custer, Mich
  3d  Inf Regt, Ft Snelling, Minn 1st Bn at Ft Pepperrell, Newfoundland
  4th Inf Regt, TA
  5th Inf Regt, Cp Paraiso, CZ
  6th Inf Regt (Armored), Ft Knox, Ky
  7th Inf Regt, Ft Lewis, Wash
  8th Inf Regt, Ft Benning, Ga
  9th Inf Regt, Ft Sam Houston, Tex
 10th Inf Regt, Iceland
 11th Inf Regt, Ft Custer, Mich (Cos in Bermuda & Trinidad)
 12th Inf Regt, Ft Benning, Ga
 13th Inf Regt, Ft Jackson, SC
 14th Inf Regt, Ft William D Davis, CZ
 15th Inf Regt, Ft Lewis, Wash
 16th Inf Regt, Ft Devens, Mass
 17th Inf Regt, Ft Ord, Calif
 18th Inf Regt, Ft Devens, Mass
 19th Inf Regt, Schofield Barracks, TH
 20th Inf Regt, Ft Leonard Wood, Mo
 21st Inf Regt, Schofield Barracks, TH
 22d  Inf Regt, Ft Benning, Ga
 23d  Inf Regt, Ft Sam Houston, Tex
 24th Inf Regt (Colored), Ft Benning, Ga
 25th Inf Regt (Colored), Ft Huachuca, Ariz
 26th Inf Regt, Ft Devens, Mass
 27th Inf Regt, Schofield Barracks, TH
 28th Inf Regt, Ft Jackson, SC
 29th Inf Regt, Ft Benning, Ga
 30th Inf Regt, Ft Lewis, Wash
 31st Inf Regt, Manila, PI
 32d  Inf Regt (Motorized), Ft Ord, Calif
 33d  Inf Regt, Ft Clayton, CZ
 34th Inf Regt, enroute US to TH
 35th Inf Regt, Schofield Barracks, TH
 36th Inf Regt (Armored), Cp Polk, La
 37th Inf Regt, Ft Greely, TA
 38th Inf Regt, Ft Sam Houston, Tex
 39th Inf Regt, Ft Bragg, NC
 41st Inf Regt (Armored), Ft Benning, Ga
 43d  Inf Regt (Philippine Scouts), PI
 45th Inf Regt (Philippine Scouts), Ft Wm McKinley, PI
 46th Inf Regt (Armored), Ft Knox, Ky
 47th Inf Regt, Ft Bragg, NC
 51st Inf Regt (Armored), Pine Cp, NY
 53d  Inf Regt, Ft Ord, Calif
 57th Inf Regt (Philippine Scouts), Ft Wm McKinley, PI
 60th Inf Regt, Ft Bragg, NC
 63d  Inf Regt, Ft Leonard Wood, Mo
 65th Inf Regt (Puerto Rican), Ft Miles, PR
 71st Inf Regt NY NG, Ft Dix, NJ
 87th Inf Mountain Regt, Ft Lewis, Wash
 89th Inf Regt, Ft Snelling, Minn (Co I & K in Bermuda)
101st Inf Regt, Mass NG, Cp Edwards, Mass
102d  Inf Regt, Conn NG, Cp Blanding, Fla
103d  Inf Regt, Me NG, Cp Blanding, Fla
104th Inf Regt, Mass NG, Cp Edwards, Mass
105th Inf Regt, NY NG, Ft McClellan, Ala
106th Inf Regt, NY NG, Ft McClellan, Ala
108th Inf Regt, NY NG, Ft McClellan, Ala
109th Inf Regt, Pa NG, Indiantown Gap Mil Res, Pa
110th Inf Regt, Pa NG, Indiantown Gap Mil Res, Pa
111th Inf Regt, Pa NG, Indiantown Gap Mil Res, Pa
112th Inf Regt, Pa NG, Indiantown Gap Mil Res, Pa
113th Inf Regt, NJ NG, Ft Dix, NJ
114th Inf Regt, NJ NG, Ft Dix, NJ
115th Inf Regt, Md NG, Ft George G Meade, Md
116th Inf Regt, Va NG, Ft George G Meade, Md
117th Inf Regt, Tenn NG, Ft Jackson, SC
118th Inf Regt, SC NG, Ft Jackson, SC
120th Inf Regt, NC NG, Ft Jackson, SC
121st Inf Regt, Ga NG, Ft Jackson, SC
124th Inf Regt, Fla NG, Cp Blanding, Fla
125th Inf Regt, Mich NG, Cp Livingston, La
126th Inf Regt, Mich NG, Cp Livingston, La
127th Inf Regt, Mich NG, Cp Livingston, La
128th Inf Regt, Wisc NG, Cp Livingston, La
129th Inf Regt, Ill NG, Cp Forrest, Tenn
130th Inf Regt, Ill NG, Cp Forrest, Tenn
131st Inf Regt, Ill NG, Cp Forrest, Tenn
132d  Inf Regt, Ill NG, Cp Forrest, Tenn
133d  Inf Regt, Iowa NG, Cp Claiborne, La
134th Inf Regt, Neb NG, Cp Joseph T Robinson, Ark
135th Inf Regt, Minn NG, Cp Claiborne, La
137th Inf Regt, Kans NG, Cp Joseph T Robinson, Ark
138th Inf Regt, Mo NG, Cp Joseph T Robinson, Ark
140th Inf Regt, Mo NG, Cp Joseph T Robinson, Ark
141st Inf Regt, Tex NG, Cp Bowie, Tex
142d  Inf Regt, Tex NG, Cp Bowie, Tex
143d  Inf Regt, Tex NG, Cp Bowie, Tex
144th Inf Regt, Tex NG, Cp Bowie, Tex
145th Inf Regt, Ohio NG, Cp Shelby, Miss
147th Inf Regt, Ohio NG, Cp Shelby, Miss
148th Inf Regt, Ohio NG, Cp Shelby, Miss
149th Inf Regt, Ky NG, Cp Shelby, Miss
150th Inf Regt, WV NG, Cp Shelby, Miss
151st Inf Regt, Ind NG, Cp Shelby, Miss
152d  Inf Regt, Ind NG, Cp Shelby, Miss
153d  Inf Regt, Ark NG, Cp Murray, Wash
155th Inf Regt, Miss NG, Cp Blanding, Fla
156th Inf Regt, La NG, Cp Blanding, Fla
157th Inf Regt, Colo NG, Cp Barkeley, Tex
158th Inf Regt, Ark NG, Ft Sill, Okla
159th Inf Regt (Motorized), Calif NG, Ft Ord, Calif
160th Inf Regt, Calif NG, Cp San Luis Obispo, Calif
161st Inf Regt, Wash NG, Ft Lewis, Wash
162d  Inf Regt, Ore NG, Ft Lewis, Wash
163d  Inf Regt, Mont NG, Ft Lewis, Wash
164th Inf Regt, ND NG, Cp Claiborne, La
165th Inf Regt, NY NG, Ft McClellan, Ala
166th Inf Regt, Ohio NG, Cp Shelby, Miss
167th Inf Regt, Ala NG, Cp Blanding, Fla
168th Inf Regt, Iowa NG, Cp Claiborne, La
169th Inf Regt, Conn NG, Cp Blanding, Fla
172d  Inf Regt, Vt NG, Cp Blanding, Fla
174th Inf Regt, NY NG, Ft Dix, NJ
175th Inf Regt, Md NG, Ft George G Meade, Md
176th Inf Regt, Va NG, Ft George G Meade, Md
179th Inf Regt, Okla NG, Cp Barkeley, Tex
180th Inf Regt, Okla NG, Cp Barkeley, Tex
181st Inf Regt, Mass NG, Cp Edwards, Mass
182d  Inf Regt, Mass NG, Cp Edwards, Mass
184th Inf Regt, Calif NG, Cp San Luis Obispo, Calif
185th Inf Regt, Calif NG, Cp San Luis Obispo, Calif
186th Inf Regt, Ore NG, Ft Lewis, Wash
201st Inf Regt, WV NG, Kodia, TA
295th Inf Regt (Puerto Rican), PR NG, Cp Tortuguero, PR
296th Inf Regt (Puerto Rican), PR NG, Cp Tortuguero, PR
297th Inf Regt, Alaska NG, Ft Richardson, TA
298th Inf Regt, Hawaii NG, Schofield Barracks, TH
299th Inf Regt, Hawaii NG, Schofield Barracks, TH
366th Inf Regt (Colored), Ft Devens, Mass
367th Inf Regt (Colored), Cp Claiborne, La
368th Inf Regt (Colored), Ft Huachuca, Ariz
372d  Inf Regt (Colored), Ohio, New Jersey, Mass, Maryland & DC NG, Ft Dix, NJ
434th Inf Regt, Ft Jackson, SC

Infantry Battalions
-------------------
 88th Airborne Inf Bn, Ft Benning, Ga
 93d  Inf Antitank Bn, Ft Benning, Ga
 94th Inf Antitank Bn, Ft Benning, Ga
 99th Inf Antitank Bn, Ft Lewis, Wash
101st Inf Antitank Bn, NY NG, Ft Benning, Ga
102d  Inf Antitank Bn, NY NG, Cp Shelby, Miss
103d  Inf Antitank Bn, Wash NG, Ft Lewis, Wash
104th Inf Antitank Bn, NM NG, Cp San Luis Obispo, Calif
105th Inf Antitank Bn, Pa NG, Ft George G Meade, Md
501st Parchute Bn, Ft Benning, Ga
502d  Parchute Inf Bn, Ft Benning, Ga
503d  Parchute Inf Bn, Ft Benning, Ga
504th Parchute Inf Bn, Ft Benning, Ga
550th Airborne Inf Bn, Howard Field, CZ

Chemical Mortar Battaions
-------------------------
1st Chemical Mortar Bn, Co A, TH
2d  Chemical Mortar Bn, Edgewood Arsenal, Md


VIII. UNITS SORTED BY LOCATION
 -----------------------------

ALABAMA: Ft McClelland, Anniston
-------
 27th Div, NY NG
102d  Engrs (Combat), NY NG
 52d  FA Bde, NY NG
104th FA Regt (75mm Gun) (Trk-Drawn), NY NG
105th FA Regt (75mm Gun) (Trk-Drawn), NY NG
106th FA Regt (155mm How) (Trk-Drawn), NY NG
 53d  Inf Bde, NY NG
 53d  Inf Bde, NY NG
105th Inf Regt, NY NG
106th Inf Regt, NY NG
108th Inf Regt, NY NG
165th Inf Regt, NY NG

ARIZONA: Ft Huachuca, Tombstone
-------
 25th Inf Regt (Colored)
368th Inf Regt (Colored)

ARKANSAS: Cp Joseph T Robinson, Little Rock
--------
 35th Engr Combat Regt
 43d  Engr Regt (General Service)
110th Engrs (Combat), Mo NG
 60th FA Bde, Kans NG
123d  FA Regt (155mm How) (Trk-Drawn), Ill NG
127th FA Regt (155mm How) (Trk-Drawn), Kans NG
130th FA Regt (75mm Gun) (Trk-Drawn), Kans NG
161st FA Regt (75mm Gun) (Trk-Drawn), Kans NG
 69th Inf Bde, Nebraska & Kans NG
 70th Inf Bde, Mo NG
134th Inf Regt, Neb NG
137th Inf Regt, Kans NG
138th Inf Regt, Mo NG
140th Inf Regt, Mo NG

CA LIFORNIA
----------
Cp Haan, Riverside
  101st CA  Bde (AA), Minn NG
Cp Roberts, San Miguel
  30th FA Regt (155mm How) (Trk-Drawn)
  40th FA Regt (155mm How) (Trk-Drawn)
Cp San Luis Obispo, San Luis Obispo
  40th Div, Calif NG
 115th Engrs (Combat), Utah NG
  65th FA Bde, Utah NG
 143d  FA Regt (75mm Gun) (Trk-Drawn), Calif NG
 145th FA Regt (75mm Gun) (Trk-Drawn), Utah NG
 222d  FA Regt (155mm How) (Trk-Drawn), Utah NG
  79th Inf Bde, Calif NG
  80th Inf Bde, Calif NG
 160th Inf Regt, Calif NG
 184th Inf Regt, Calif NG
 185th Inf Regt, Calif NG
 104th Inf Antitank Bn, NM NG
Cp Seeley, El Centro
  11th Cav Regt (Horse)
Ft Cronkhite, San Francisco
  56th CA  Regt (155mm Gun) (Mobile)
  57th CA  Regt (155mm Gun) (Mobile) less Battery B
Ft MacArthur, San Pedro
  Harbor Defenses of Los Angeles
   3d  CA  Regt (Harbor Defense) (Type A)
  78th CA  Regt (AA) (Semimobile)
Ft Ord, Monterey
   7th Div
  35th Div, Neb NG
  19th Engr Combat Regt
  47th Engr General Service Regt
  13th Engr Combat Bn
  31st FA Bn (155mm How Tractor-Drawn)
  48th FA Bn (105mm How Trk-Drawn)
  49th FA Bn (105mm How Trk-Drawn)
  57th FA Bn (105mm How Trk-Drawn)
  74th FA Bn (105mm How Trk-Drawn)
  75th FA Bn (155mm How Tractor-Drawn)
  17th Inf Regt
  32d  Inf Regt (Motorized)
  53d  Inf Regt
 159th Inf Regt (Motorized), Calif NG
 757th Tank Bn (Light)
Ft Rosecrans, San Diego
  Harbor Defenses of San Diego
   19th CA  Regt (Harbor Defense) (Type A)
  625th CA  Regt (Harbor Defense)
Ft Winfield Scott, San Francisco
  Harbor Defenses of San Francisco
  6th CA  Regt (Harbor Defense) (Type C)
Los Angeles
  37th CA  Bde (AA)
  65th CA  Regt (AA) (Semimobile)
March Field, Riverside
  808th Engr Aviation Bn
Oakland
  217th CA  Regt (AA) (Semimobile), Minn NG
San Francisco
  216th CA  Regt (AA) (Semimobile), Minn NG

COLORADO: Ft Logan, Denver
--------
2d  Engr Combat Bn
7th Engr Combat Bn

DELAWARE
--------
Ft Dupont, Delaware City
  21st CA  Regt (Harbor Defense) (Type B)
   1st Engr Combat Bn
  27th Engr Bn (Combat)
Ft Miles, Lewes
  Harbor Defenses of Delaware

FLORIDA
-------
Cp Blanding, Starke
   31st Div, Ala NG
   43d  Div, Conn NG
   45th Engr General Service Regt (Colored)
  106th Engrs (Combat), Miss NG
  118th Engrs (Combat), RI NG
   97th Engr Bn (Separate) (Colored)
   56th FA Bde, Fla NG
   68th FA Bde, RI NG
   74th FA Bde, Ga NG
   35th FA Regt (155mm Gun) (Motorized)
  103d  FA Regt (75mm Gun) (Trk-Drawn), RI NG
  114th FA Regt (155mm How) (Trk-Drawn), Miss NG
  116th FA Regt (75mm Gun) (Trk-Drawn), Fla NG
  117th FA Regt (75mm Gun) (Trk-Drawn), Ala NG
  128th FA Regt (75mm Gun) (Trk-Drawn), Mo NG
  152d  FA Regt (75mm Gun) (Trk-Drawn), Me NG
  172d  FA Regt (155mm How) (Trk-Drawn), NH NG
  179th FA Regt (155mm How) (Trk-Drawn), Ga NG
  192d  FA Regt (155mm How) (Trk-Drawn), Conn NG
   61st Inf Bde, La NG
   62d  Inf Bde, Alabama & Fla NG
   85th Inf Bde, Conn NG
   86th Inf Bde, Vermont & Me NG
  102d  Inf Regt, Conn NG
  169th Inf Regt, Conn NG
  103d  Inf Regt, Me NG
  124th Inf Regt, Fla NG
  155th Inf Regt, Miss NG
  156th Inf Regt, La NG
  167th Inf Regt, Ala NG
  172d  Inf Regt, Vermont NG
Ft Barrancas, Pensacola
  Harbor Defenses of Pensacola
  13th CA  Regt (Harbor Defense) (Type A)
Ft Taylor, Key West
  Harbor Defenses of Key West
MacDill Field, Tampa
  810th Engr Aviation Bn (Colored)

GEORGIA
-------
Cp Stewart, Hinesville
   38th CA  Bde (AA)
  102d  CA  Bde (AA), NY NG
   70th CA  Regt (AA) (Semimobile)
  207th CA  Regt (AA) (Semimobile), NY NG
  209th CA  Regt (AA) (Semimobile), NY NG
  212th CA  Regt (AA) (Semimobile), NY NG
  213th CA  Regt (AA) (Semimobile), Pa NG
  214th CA  Regt (AA) (Semimobile), Ga NG
  252d  CA  Regt (155mm Gun) (Mobile), NC NG
Ft Benning, Columbus
    2d  Armored Div
    4th Motorized Div
   88th Airborne Inf Bn
    2d  Armored Bde
   17th Armored Engr Bn
   66th Armored Regt (Light)
   67th Armored Regt (Medium)
   68th Armored Regt (Light)
   78th Armored FA Bn
   20th Engr Combat Regt
    4th Engr Combat Bn
   87th Engr Heavy Ponton Bn
   14th FA Regt (105mm How) (Armored)
   20th FA Bn (155mm How Tractor-Drawn)
   29th FA Bn (105mm How Trk-Drawn)
   42d  FA Bn (105mm How Trk-Drawn)
    8th Inf Regt
   12th Inf Regt
   22d  Inf Regt
   24th Inf Regt (Colored)
   29th Inf Regt
   41st Inf Regt (Armored)
   93d  Inf Antitank Bn
   94th Inf Antitank Bn
  101st Inf Antitank Bn, NY NG
  501st Parchute Bn
  502d  Parchute Inf Bn
  503d  Parchute Inf Bn
  504th Parchute Inf Bn
   82d  Rcn Bn (Armored)
  193d  Tank Bn (Light) (Co A=Ga NG; Co B=Ala NG; Co C=Tex NG;
        Co D=Colo NG)
  751st Tank Bn (Medium)
  753d  Tank Bn (Medium)

ILLINOIS: Ft Sheridan, Highwood
--------
 40th CA  Bde (AA)
 61st CA  Regt (AA) (Semimobile)
210th CA  Regt (AA) (Semimobile), Mich NG

IOWA: Ft Des Moines, Des Moines
----
80th FA Bn (155mm How Tractor-Drawn)

KANSAS: Ft Riley, Junction City
------
 2d  Cav Div (Horse)
 3d  Cav Bde
 4th Cav Bde (Colored)
 2d  Cav Regt (Horse)
 9th Cav Regt (Horse) (Colored)
10th Cav Regt (Horse) (Colored)
14th Cav Regt (Horse)
 9th Engr Combat Squadron
 3d  FA Bn (75mm How Horse-Drawn)

KENTUCKY: Ft Knox, Louisville
--------
  1st Armored Div
  5th Armored Div
  5th Armored Bde
  1st Armored Regt (Light)
 13th Armored Regt (Light)
 31st Armored Regt (Light)
 34th Armored Regt (Light)
 69th Armored Regt (Medium)
 81st Armored Regt (Medium)
 16th Armored Engr Bn
 22d  Armored Engr Bn
 58th Armored FA Bn
 86th Engr Heavy Ponton Bn
 65th FA Regt (105mm How) (Armored)
 68th FA Regt (105mm How) (Armored)
 19th FA Bn (105mm How Trk-Drawn)
 21st FA Bn (155mm How Tractor-Drawn)
 27th FA Bn (Armored)
 46th FA Bn (105mm How Trk-Drawn)
 50th FA Bn (105mm How Trk-Drawn)
  6th Inf Regt (Armored)
 46th Inf Regt (Armored)
 81st Rcn Bn (Armored)
 85th Rcn Bn (Armored)
758th Tank Bn (Light) (Colored)
759th Tank Bn (Light)

LOUISIANA
---------
Cp Beauregard, Alexandria
  40th Armored Regt (Medium)
  23d  Armored Engr Bn
  88th Engr Heavy Ponton Bn
  54th FA Bn (105mm How Trk-Drawn)
  83d  Rcn Bn (Armored)
Cp Claiborne, Alexandria
   34th Div, Iowa NG
  109th Engrs (Combat), SD NG
  151st Engrs (Combat), Ala NG less 1st Bn
   59th FA Bde, Minn NG
  125th FA Regt (75mm Gun) (Trk-Drawn), Minn NG
  151st FA Regt (75mm Gun) (Trk-Drawn), Minn NG
  185th FA Regt (155mm How) (Trk-Drawn), Iowa NG
   67th Inf Bde, Iowa NG
   68th Inf Bde, Minnesota & ND NG
  133d  Inf Regt, Iowa NG
  135th Inf Regt, Minn NG
  164th Inf Regt, ND NG
  168th Inf Regt, Iowa NG
  367th Inf Regt (Colored)
Cp Livingston, Alexandria
   32d  Div, Mich NG
  106th Cav Regt (Horse-Mechanized), Ill NG
  107th Engrs (Combat), Mich NG
   80th Engr Water Supply Bn
   93d  Engr Bn (Separate) (Colored)
   46th FA Bde (Colored)
   57th FA Bde, Wisc NG
  120th FA Regt (75mm Gun) (Trk-Drawn), Wisc NG
  121st FA Regt (155mm How) (Trk-Drawn), Wisc NG
  126th FA Regt (75mm Gun) (Trk-Drawn), Wisc NG
  350th FA Regt (155mm Gun) (Motorized) (Colored)
  351st FA Regt (155mm Gun) (Motorized) (Colored)
  353d  FA Regt (155mm Gun) (Motorized) (Colored)
   63d  Inf Bde, Mich NG
   64th Inf Bde, Wisc NG
  125th Inf Regt, Mich NG
  126th Inf Regt, Mich NG
  127th Inf Regt, Mich NG
  128th Inf Regt, Wisc NG
Cp Polk, Leesville
   3d  Armored Div
   3d  Armored Bde
  32d  Armored Regt (Light)
  33d  Armored Regt (Light)
  67th FA Regt (105mm How) (Armored)
  36th Inf Regt (Armored)

MAINE
-----
Ft McKinley, Great Diamond Island
  240th CA  Regt (Harbor Defense) (Type A), Me NG
Ft Preble, South Portland
  8th CA  Regt (Harbor Defense) (Type B)
Ft Williams, Cape Elizabeth
  Harbor Defenses of Portland

MARYLAND
--------
Edgewood Arsenal
   2d  Chemical Mortar Bn
  99th FA Bn (75mm How, Pack)
Ft George G Meade, Baltimore
  29th Div, DC NG
 121st Engrs (Combat), DC NG
  54th FA Bde, Va NG
 110th FA Regt (75mm Gun) (Trk-Drawn), Md NG
 111th FA Regt (75mm Gun) (Trk-Drawn), Va NG
 176th FA Regt (155mm How) (Trk-Drawn), Pa NG
  58th Inf Bde, Md NG
  88th Inf Bde, Va NG
 115th Inf Regt, Md NG
 116th Inf Regt, Va NG
 175th Inf Regt, Md NG
 176th Inf Regt, Va NG
 105th Inf Antitank Bn, Pa NG
   1st Tank Gp
  70th Tank Bn (Light)
 191st Tank Bn (Light) (Co A=NY NG; Co B=Mass NG; Co C=Virginia
       NG; Co D=Conn NG)

MASSACHUSETTS
-------------
Cp Edwards, Falmouth
   26th Div, Mass NG
   36th CA  Bde (AA)
   68th CA  Regt (AA) (Mobile)
  208th CA  Regt (AA) (Semimobile), Conn NG
  369th CA  Regt (AA) (Colored), NY NG
  101st Engrs (Combat), Mass NG
   51st FA Bde, Mass NG
  101st FA Regt (75mm Gun) (Trk-Drawn), Mass NG
  102d  FA Regt (75mm Gun) (Trk-Drawn), Mass NG
  180th FA Regt (155mm How) (Trk-Drawn), Mass NG
   51st Inf Bde, Mass NG
   52d  Inf Bde, Mass NG
  101st Inf Regt, Mass NG
  104th Inf Regt, Mass NG
  181st Inf Regt, Mass NG
  182d  Inf Regt, Mass NG
Ft Andrews, Boston
  241st CA  Regt (Harbor Defense) (Type C), Mass NG
Ft Banks, Winthrop
  Harbor Defenses of Boston
  9th CA  Regt (Harbor Defense) (Type A)
Ft Devens, Ayr
    1st Div
  101st Cav Regt (Horse-Mechanized), NY NG
   16th Inf Regt
   18th Inf Regt
   26th Inf Regt
  366th Inf Regt (Colored)
Ft Rodman, New Bedford
  Harbor Defenses of New Bedford
  23d  CA  Regt (Harbor Defense) (Type D)
  23d Separate CA  Bn (Harbor Defense)
Westover Field, Chicopee Falls
  809th Engr Aviation Bn

MICHIGAN: Ft Custer, Battle Creek
--------
  5th Div
 94th Engr Bn (Separate) (Colored)
184th FA Regt (155mm How) (Trk-Drawn) (Colored), Ill NG
  2d  Inf Regt
 11th Inf Regt less Cos in Bermuda & Trinidad

MINNESOTA: Ft Snelling, St. Paul
---------
 3d  Inf Regt less 1st Bn
89th Inf Regt less Co I & K

MISSISSIPPI: Cp Shelby, Hattiesburg
-----------
 37th Div, Ohio NG
 38th Div, Ind NG
 42d  Engr General Service Regt
112th Engrs (Combat), Ohio NG
113th Engrs (Combat), Ind NG
 91st Engr Bn (Separate) (Colored)
 62d  FA Bde, Ohio NG
 63d  FA Bde, Ky NG
 73d  FA Bde, Pa NG
134th FA Regt (75mm Gun) (Trk-Drawn), Ohio NG
135th FA Regt (75mm Gun) (Trk-Drawn), Ohio NG
136th FA Regt (155mm How) (Trk-Drawn), Ohio NG
138th FA Regt (75mm Gun) (Trk-Drawn), Ky NG
139th FA Regt (75mm Gun) (Trk-Drawn), Ind NG
140th FA Regt (155mm How) (Trk-Drawn), La NG
150th FA Regt (155mm How) (Trk-Drawn), Ind NG
166th FA Regt (155mm How) (Trk-Drawn), Pa NG
190th FA Regt (155mm Gun) (Motorized), Pa NG
 73d  Inf Bde, Ohio NG
 74th Inf Bde, Ohio NG
 75th Inf Bde, Ky NG
 76th Inf Bde, Ind NG
145th Inf Regt, Ohio NG
147th Inf Regt, Ohio NG
148th Inf Regt, Ohio NG
166th Inf Regt, Ohio NG
149th Inf Regt, Ky NG
150th Inf Regt, WV NG
151st Inf Regt, Ind NG
152d  Inf Regt, Ind NG
102d  Inf Antitank Bn, NY NG

MISSOURI: Ft Leonard Wood, Rolla
--------
  6th Div
 89th Engr Heavy Ponton Bn
 92d  Engr Bn (Separate) (Colored)
 72d  FA Bde, Mich NG
119th FA Regt (155mm Gun) (Motorized), Mich NG
177th FA Regt (155mm How) (Trk-Drawn), Mich NG
182d  FA Regt (155mm How) (Trk-Drawn), Mich NG
  1st Inf Regt
 20th Inf Regt
 63d  Inf Regt

NEW HAMPSHIRE
-------------
Cp Langdon, New Castle
  Harbor Defenses of Portsmouth
Ft Constitution, New Castle
  22d  CA  Regt (Harbor Defense) (Type B)

NEW JERSEY
----------
Ft Dix, Wrightstown
   44th Div, NJ NG
  104th Engrs (Combat), NJ NG
   69th FA Bde, NJ NG
  156th FA Regt (75mm Gun) (Trk-Drawn), NY NG
  157th FA Regt (155mm How) (Trk-Drawn), NJ NG
  165th FA Regt (75mm Gun) (Trk-Drawn), NJ NG
   57th Inf Bde, NJ NG
   87th Inf Bde, NY NG
   71st Inf Regt NY NG
  113th Inf Regt, NJ NG
  114th Inf Regt, NJ NG
  174th Inf Regt, NY NG
  372d  Inf Regt (Colored), Ohio, New Jersey, Mass, Maryland &
        DC NG
Ft Hancock, Sandy Hook
  Harbor Defenses of NY
    7th CA  Regt (Harbor Defense) (Type B)
   52d  CA  Regt (Railway 8-inch Gun)
   62d  CA  Regt (AA) (Mobile)
  245th CA  Regt (Harbor Defense) (Type C), NY NG
Madison Barracks, Sackets Harbor
  258th FA Regt (155mm Gun) (Motorized), NY NG
    5th FA Bn (155mm How Tractor-Drawn)

NEW YORK
--------
Ft H.G. Wright, Fishers Island
  Harbor Defenses of Long Island Sound
  11th CA  Regt (Harbor Defense) (Type B)
Ft Hamilton, NY City
  Harbor Defenses of Southern NY
  5th CA  Regt (Harbor Defense) (Type A)
Ft Ontario, Oswego
  198th CA  Regt (AA) (Semimobile), Del NG
Ft Terry, Plum Island
  242d  CA  Regt (Harbor Defense) (Type A), Conn NG
Ft Totten, NY City
  Harbor Defenses of Eastern NY
Pine Cp, Watertown
    4th Armored Div
    4th Armored Bde
   35th Armored Regt (Light)
   37th Armored Regt (Light)
   24th Armored Engr Bn
   66th FA Regt (105mm How) (Armored)
  111th Engrs (Combat), Tex NG
   22d  FA Bn (Armored)
   51st Inf Regt (Armored)
    4th Rcn Bn (Armored)
  754th Tank Bn (Medium)
Plattsburg Barracks, Plattsburg
  36th Engr Combat Regt
US Military Academy, West Point
  US Military Academy Cav Squadron (Colored)

NORTH CAROLINA
--------------
Cp Davis, Wilmington
   17th CA  Training Gp
   18th CA  Training Gp
   54th CA  Regt (155mm Gun) (Mobile) (Colored)
   93d  CA  Regt (AA) (Semimobile)
   94th CA  Regt (AA) (Semimobile)
   95th CA  Regt (AA) (Semimobile)
   96th CA  Regt (AA) (Semimobile)
   99th CA  Regt (AA) (Semimobile) (Colored)
  100th CA  Regt (AA) (Semimobile) (Colored)
  302d  CA  Barrage Balloon Bn
  303d  CA  Barrage Balloon Bn
  304th CA  Barrage Balloon Bn
  305th CA  Barrage Balloon Bn
  301st Separate CA  Barrage Balloon Bn, Cp Davis, NC
Ft Bragg, Fayetteville
   Ft Bragg Provisional FA Bde
    9th Div
   34th CA  Bde (AA)
   67th CA  Regt (AA) (Mobile)
   76th CA  Regt (AA) (Semimobile) (Colored)
   77th CA  Regt (AA) (Semimobile) (Colored)
   41st Engr General Service Regt (Colored)
   15th Engr Combat Bn
   96th Engr Bn (Separate) (Colored)
   13th FA Bde
   17th FA Regt (155mm How) (Trk-Drawn)
   36th FA Regt (155mm Gun) (Motorized)
   47th FA Regt (155mm How) (Trk-Drawn)
   72d  FA Regt (155mm How) (Trk-Drawn)
   79th FA Regt (240mm How) (Motorized)
  112th FA Regt (75mm Gun) (Trk-Drawn), NJ NG
  178th FA Regt (155mm How) (Trk-Drawn), SC NG
    2d  FA Observation Bn
    3d  FA Observation Bn
    4th FA Bn (75mm How, Pack)
    7th FA Observation Bn
    6th FA Bn (105mm How Tractor-Drawn)
   26th FA Bn (105mm How Trk-Drawn)
   60th FA Bn (105mm How Trk-Drawn)
   34th FA Bn (155mm How Tractor-Drawn)
   84th FA Bn (105mm How Trk-Drawn)
   97th FA Bn (75mm How, Pack)
   39th Inf Regt
   47th Inf Regt
   60th Inf Regt
Wilmington
  Harbor Defenses of Wilmington

OKLAHOMA: Ft Sill, Lawton
--------
 18th FA Bde
 18th FA Regt (Composite School Troops)
142d  FA Regt (155mm How) (Trk-Drawn), Ark NG
158th FA Regt (75mm Gun) (Trk-Drawn), Okla NG
349th FA Regt (155mm Gun) (Motorized) (Colored)
  1st FA Bn (105mm How Tractor-Drawn)
  8th FA Observation Bn
 51st FA Bn (105mm How Tractor-Drawn)
 53d  FA Bn (105mm How Tractor-Drawn)
 83d  FA Bn (105mm How Trk-Drawn)
158th Inf Regt, Ark NG

OREGON
------
Ft Stevens, Warrenton
  Harbor Defenses of Columbia River
   18th CA  Regt (Harbor Defense) (Type B)
  249th CA  Regt (Harbor Defense) (Type B), Ore NG
Portland
  29th Engr Bn (Topographic) (Army)
  30th Engr Bn (Topographic) (Army)

PENNSYLVANIA: Indiantown Gap Military Reservation, Indiantown Gap
------------
 28th Div, Pa NG
104th Cav Regt (Horse-Mechanized), Pa NG
103d  Engrs (Combat), Pa NG
 53d  FA Bde, Pa NG
107th FA Regt (75mm Gun) (Trk-Drawn), Pa NG
108th FA Regt (155mm How) (Trk-Drawn), Pa NG
109th FA Regt (75mm Gun) (Trk-Drawn), Pa NG
 55th Inf Bde, Pa NG
 56th Inf Bde, Pa NG
109th Inf Regt, Pa NG
110th Inf Regt, Pa NG
111th Inf Regt, Pa NG
112th Inf Regt, Pa NG

RHODE ISLAND
------------
Ft Adams, Newport
  Harbor Defenses of Narragansett Bay
  10th CA  Regt (Harbor Defense) (Type B)
Ft Getty, Jamestown
  243d  CA  Regt (Harbor Defense) (Type A), RI NG

SOUTH CAROLINA
--------------
Ft Jackson, Columbia
    8th Inf Div
   30th Div, SC NG
    1st Armored Bde
   80th Armored Regt (Medium)
  102d  Cav Regt (Horse-Mechanized), NJ NG
   38th Engr Regt (Combat)
  105th Engrs (Combat), NC NG
   11th Engr Combat Bn
   55th FA Bde, Ga NG
  113th FA Regt (155mm How) (Trk-Drawn), NC NG
  115th FA Regt (75mm Gun) (Trk-Drawn), Tenn NG
  118th FA Regt (75mm Gun) (Trk-Drawn), Ga NG
   28th FA Bn (155mm How Tractor-Drawn)
   43d  FA Bn (105mm How Trk-Drawn)
   45th FA Bn (105mm How Trk-Drawn)
   56th FA Bn (105mm How Trk-Drawn)
   70th FA Bn (75mm Gun Horse-Drawn)
   71st FA Bn (75mm Gun Horse-Drawn)
   59th Inf Bde, Ga NG
   60th Inf Bde, NC NG
   13th Inf Regt
   28th Inf Regt
  117th Inf Regt, Tenn NG
  118th Inf Regt, SC NG
  120th Inf Regt, NC NG
  121st Inf Regt, Ga NG
  434th Inf Regt
Ft Moultrie, Moultrieville
  Harbor Defenses of Charleston
  263d  CA  Regt (Harbor Defense) (Type B), SC NG

SOUTH DAKOTA: Ft Meade, Sturgis
------------
4th Cav Regt (Horse-Mechanized)

TENNESSEE
---------
Cp Forrest, Tullahoma
   33d  Div, Ill NG
  107th Cav Regt (Horse-Mechanized), Ohio NG
  108th Engrs (Combat), Ill NG
   58th FA Bde, Ill NG
   75th FA Bde, Tenn NG
  122d  FA Regt (75mm Gun) (Trk-Drawn), Ill NG
  124th FA Regt (75mm Gun) (Trk-Drawn), Ill NG
  168th FA Regt (155mm Gun) (Motorized), Colo NG
  181st FA Regt (155mm How) (Trk-Drawn), Tenn NG
  191st FA Regt (155mm How) (Trk-Drawn), Tenn NG
   65th Inf Bde, Ill NG
   66th Inf Bde, Ill NG
  129th Inf Regt, Ill NG
  130th Inf Regt, Ill NG
  131st Inf Regt, Ill NG
  132d  Inf Regt, Ill NG
Ft Oglethope, Chattanooga
  6th Cav Regt (Horse-Mechanized)

TEXAS
-----
Cp Barkeley, Abilene
   45th Div, Okla NG
  120th Engrs (Combat), NM NG
   70th FA Bde, Okla NG
  160th FA Regt (75mm Gun) (Trk-Drawn), Okla NG
  189th FA Regt (155mm How) (Trk-Drawn), Okla NG
    2d  Bn, 158th FA Regt (75mm Gun) (Trk-Drawn), Okla NG
   89th Inf Bde, Arizona & Colo NG
   90th Inf Bde, Okla NG
  157th Inf Regt, Colo NG
  179th Inf Regt, Okla NG
  180th Inf Regt, Okla NG
Cp Bowie, Brownwood
   36th Div, Tex NG
  113th Cav Regt (Horse-Mechanized), Iowa NG
   37th Engr Combat Regt
   46th Engr General Service Regt
   98th Engr Bn (Separate) (Colored)
   61st FA Bde, Tex NG
  131st FA Regt (75mm Gun) (Trk-Drawn), Tex NG less 2d Bn
  132d  FA Regt (75mm Gun) (Trk-Drawn), Tex NG
  133d  FA Regt (155mm How) (Trk-Drawn), Tex NG
   71st Inf Bde, Tex NG
   72d  Inf Bde, Tex NG
  141st Inf Regt, Tex NG
  142d  Inf Regt, Tex NG
  143d  Inf Regt, Tex NG
  144th Inf Regt, Tex NG
  755th Tank Bn (Medium)
  760th Tank Bn (Light)
Cp Hulen, Palacios
   33d  CA  Bde (AA)
   69th CA  Regt (AA) (Semimobile)
  197th CA  Regt (AA) (Semimobile), NH NG
  203d  CA  Regt (AA) (Semimobile), Mo NG
  204th CA  Regt (AA) (Semimobile), La NG
  211th CA  Regt (AA) (Semimobile), Mass NG
Ft Bliss, El Paso
    1st Cav Div
    1st Cav Bde
    2d  Cav Bde
    5th Cav Regt (Horse)
    7th Cav Regt (Horse)
    8th Cav Regt (Horse)
   12th Cav Regt (Horse)
   91st Cav Rcn Squadron
   39th CA  Bde (AA)
   63d  CA  Regt (AA) (Semimobile)
   79th CA  Regt (AA) (Semimobile)
  202d  CA  Regt (AA) (Semimobile), Ill NG
  260th CA  Regt (AA) (Semimobile), DC NG
  423d  CA  Bn (AA-Composite) (Semimobile)
   61st FA Bn (75mm How Horse-Drawn)
   62d  FA Bn (105mm How Trk-Drawn)
   82d  FA Bn (105mm How Tractor-Drawn)
Ft Brown, Brownsville
  124th Cav Regt (Horse), Tex NG
Ft Clark, Brackettville
  112th Cav Regt (Horse), Tex NG
Ft Crockett, Galveston
  Harbor Defenses of Galveston
   20th CA  Regt (Harbor Defense) (Type A)
  265th CA  Regt (Harbor Defense) (Type B), Fla NG
Ft D.A. Russell, Marfa
   77th FA Regt (155mm How) (Trk-Drawn)
Ft McIntosh, Laredo
   56th Cavlary Bde, Tex NG
    8th Engr Combat Bn
Ft Sam Houston, San Antonio
   2d  Div
  12th FA Bn (155mm How Tractor-Drawn)
  15th FA Bn (105mm How Trk-Drawn)
  37th FA Bn (105mm How Trk-Drawn)
   9th Inf Regt
  23d  Inf Regt
  38th Inf Regt

VERMONT: Ft Ethan Allen, Essex Junction
-------
 71st FA Bde, NY NG
186th FA Regt (155mm How) (Trk-Drawn), NY NG
187th FA Regt (155mm How) (Trk-Drawn), NY NG
  7th FA Bn (105mm How Trk-Drawn)
 32d  FA Bn (105mm How Trk-Drawn)
 33d  FA Bn (105mm How Trk-Drawn)
 38th FA Bn (105mm How Trk-Drawn)

VIRGINIA
--------
Cp Pendleton, Wallaceton
   74th CA  Regt (AA) (Semimobile)
  244th CA  Regt (155mm Gun) (Mobile), NY NG
Ft Belvoir, Alexandria
  84th Army Engr Camouflage Bn
  43d  Engr Regt (General Service)
  85th Engr Heavy Ponton Bn
  95th Engr Bn (Separate) (Colored)
Ft Monroe, Suffolk
  Harbor Defenses of Chesapeake Bay
    2d  CA  Regt (Harbor Defense) (Type A)
  246th CA  Regt (Harbor Defense) (Type A), Va NG
Ft Myer, Arlington
  Washington Provisional Bde
   3d  Cav Regt (Horse-Mechanized)
  16th FA Bn (75mm Gun Horse-Drawn)
Ft Story, Virginia Beach
  71st CA  Regt (AA) (Semimobile)
Langley Field, Hampton
  20th Engr Regt (Aviation)
 811th Engr Aviation Bn (Colored)

WASHINGTON
----------
Cp Murray
  206th CA  Regt (AA) (Semimobile), Ark NG
  153d  Inf Regt, Ark NG
Ft Lawton
  6th Engr Combat Bn
Ft Lewis, Tacoma
    3d  Div
   41st Div, Ore NG
  115th Cav Regt (Horse-Mechanized), Wyo NG
  205th CA  Regt (AA) (Semimobile), Wash NG
  116th Engrs (Combat), Ida NG
   10th Engr Combat Bn
   90th Engr Heavy Ponton Bn
   66th FA Bde, Wash NG
  144th FA Regt (155mm Gun) (Motorized), Calif NG
  146th FA Regt (75mm Gun) (Trk-Drawn), Wash NG
  218th FA Regt (155mm How) (Trk-Drawn), Ore NG
    9th FA Bn (155mm How Trk-Drawn)
   10th FA Bn (105mm How Trk-Drawn)
   39th FA Bn (105mm How Trk-Drawn)
   41st FA Bn (105mm How Trk-Drawn)
   98th FA Bn (75mm How, Pack)
   81st Inf Bde, Wash NG
   82d  Inf Bde, Ore NG
    7th Inf Regt
   15th Inf Regt
   30th Inf Regt
   87th Inf Mountain Regt
  161st Inf Regt, Wash NG
  162d  Inf Regt, Ore NG
  163d  Inf Regt, Mont NG
  186th Inf Regt, Ore NG
   99th Inf Antitank Bn
  103d  Inf Antitank Bn, Wash NG
  752d  Tank Bn (Medium)
  756th Tank Bn (Light)
  Co B, 194th Tank Bn (Light), Mo NG
Ft Worden, Port Townsend
  Harbor Defenses of Puget Sound
   14th CA  Regt (Harbor Defense) (Type A)
  248th CA  Regt (Harbor Defense) (Type B), Wash NG
Vancouver Barracks, Vancouver
  18th Engr Combat Regt

WYOMING: Ft Francis E Warren, Cheyenne
-------
 76th FA Bde, Calif NG
183d  FA Regt (155mm How) (Trk-Drawn), Ida NG
188th FA Regt (155mm How) (Trk-Drawn), ND NG

UNKNOWN LOCATION
----------------
261st CA  Bn (Harbor Defense), Del NG
101st Separate CA  Bn (AA-Automatic Weapons), Tex NG
102d  Separate CA  Bn (AA-Automatic Weapons), NY NG
103d  Separate CA  Bn (AA-Automatic Weapons), Ky NG
104th Separate CA  Bn (AA-Automatic Weapons), Ala NG
105th Separate CA  Bn (AA-Automatic Weapons), La NG
106th Separate CA  Bn (AA-Automatic Weapons), Ky NG
107th Separate CA  Bn (AA-Automatic Weapons), SC NG
121st Separate CA  Bn (AA-Gun), Nev NG
122d  Separate CA  Bn (AA-Gun), NJ NG


OVERSEAS
^^^^^^^^

BERMUDA
-------
Harbor Defenses of Bermuda
Bty B,  57th CA  Regt (155mm Gun) (Mobile)
Cos of 11th Inf Regt
Cos I & K, 89th Inf Regt

BRITISH WEST INDIES: Trinidad
-------------------
Harbor Defenses of Trinidad
Cos of 11th Inf Regt

CANAL ZONE
----------
Atlantic CA  Bde
Harbor Defenses of Balboa
Harbor Defenses of Cristobal
Pacific CA  Bde
550th Airborne Inf Bn
 87th Armored FA Bn
  1st CA  Regts (Harbor Defense) (Type C)
  4th CA  Regts (Harbor Defense) (Type C)
 72d  CA  Regt (AA) (Semimobile)
 73d  CA  Regt (AA) (Semimobile)
 82d  CA  Regt (AA) (Semimobile)
 83d  CA  Regt (AA) (Semimobile)
805th Engr Aviation Bn
 11th Engr Combat Regt
  2d  FA Bn (105mm How Tractor-Drawn)
  5th Inf Regt
 14th Inf Regt
 33d  Inf Regt

ICELAND
-------
 5th Engr Combat Regt
10th Inf Regt

NEWFOUNDLAND
------------
Harbor Defenses of Argentia and St John's
Bty C, 57th CA  Regt (155mm Gun) (Mobile)
Btys,  62d  CA  Regt (AA) (Mobile)
421st CA  Bn (AA-Composite) (Semimobile)
1st Bn, 3d  Inf Regt

PHILIPPINE ISLANDS
------------------
Philippine Div
Harbor Defenses of Manila & Subic Bays
Provisional CA  Bn (155mm Gun) (Philippine Scouts)
  1st Provisional Tank Gp
 26th Cav Regt (Horse) (Philippine Scouts)
 59th CA  Regt (Harbor Defense)
 60th CA  Regt (AA) (Semimobile)
 91st CA  Regt (Harbor Defense) (Philippine Scouts)
 92d  CA  Regt (Harbor Defense) (Philippine Scouts)
200th CA  Regt (AA) (Semimobile), NM NG
 14th Engr Regt (Combat) (Philippine Scouts)
803d  Engr Aviation Bn
 23d  FA Regt (2.95-inch Gun) (Pack) (Philippine Scouts)
 24th FA Regt (75mm Gun) (Trk-Drawn) (Philippine Scouts)
 88th FA Regt (75mm Gun) (Philippine Scouts)
 86th FA Bn (155mm How) (Philippine Scouts)
 31st Inf Regt, Manila, PI
 43d  Inf Regt (Philippine Scouts)
 45th Inf Regt (Philippine Scouts)
 57th Inf Regt (Philippine Scouts)
192d  Tank Bn (Light) (Co A=Wisc NG; Co B=Ill NG; Co C=Ohio NG; Co D=Ky NG)
Co A & C, 194th Tank Bn (Light), PI (Co A=Minn NG; Co C=Calif NG)

PUERTO RICO
-----------
Harbor Defenses of San Juan
253d  CA  Regt (155mm Gun) (Mobile), PR NG
130th Engrs (Combat), PR NG
162d  FA Regt (75mm Gun) (Trk-Drawn), PR NG
 25th FA Bn (105mm How Trk-Drawn)
 92d  Inf Bde, PR NG
 65th Inf Regt (Puerto Rican)
295th Inf Regt (Puerto Rican), PR NG
296th Inf Regt (Puerto Rican), PR NG
123d  Separate CA  Bn (AA-Gun), PR NG
  1st Bn, 78th Engr Combat Regt

TERRITORY OF ALASKA
-------------------
 75th CA  Regt (AA) (Semimobile)
215th CA  Regt (AA) (Semimobile), Minn NG
250th CA  Regt (155mm Gun) (Mobile), Calif NG
802d  Engr Aviation Bn
 81st FA Bn (155mm How Tractor-Drawn)
  4th Inf Regt
 37th Inf Regt
201st Inf Regt, WV NG
297th Inf Regt, Alaska NG
  1st Bn, 151st Engrs (Combat), Ala NG

TERRITORY OF HAWAII
-------------------
Harbor Defenses of Honolulu
Hawaiian Separate CA  Bde
 24th Inf Div
 25th Inf Div
 53d  CA  Bde (AA)
 15th CA  Regt (Harbor Defense) (Type A)
 16th CA  Regt (Harbor Defense) (Type A)
 64th CA  Regt (AA) (Semimobile)
 97th CA  Regt (AA) (Semimobile)
 98th CA  Regt (AA) (Semimobile)
251st CA  Regt (AA) (Semimobile), Calif NG
804th Engr Aviation Bn
 34th Engr Combat Regt
  3d  Engr Combat Bn
 65th Engr Combat Bn
  8th FA Bn (105mm How Tractor-Drawn)
 11th FA Bn (155mm How Tractor-Drawn)
 13th FA Bn (105mm How Tractor-Drawn)
 52d  FA Bn (105mm How Tractor-Drawn)
 63d  FA Bn (105mm How Tractor-Drawn)
 64th FA Bn (105mm How Tractor-Drawn)
 89th FA Bn (105mm How Tractor-Drawn)
 90th FA Bn (155mm How Tractor-Drawn)
 19th Inf Regt
 21st Inf Regt
 27th Inf Regt
 35th Inf Regt
298th Inf Regt, Hawaii NG
299th Inf Regt, Hawaii NG
Co A, 1st Chemical Mortar Bn, Co A

UNITS ENROUTE US TO PHILIPPINE ISLANDS
--------------------------------------
 26th FA Bde
147th FA Regt (105mm How) (Trk-Drawn), SD NG
148th FA Regt (75mm Gun) (Trk-Drawn), Ida NG
 34th Inf Regt
  2d Bn, 131st FA Regt (75mm Gun) (Trk-Drawn), Tex NG

-------------------------------------------------------------------
|  Jack McKillop         |  Those who have long enjoyed such      |
|  Bellcore              |  privileges as we enjoy forget in      |
|  Piscataway, NJ USA    |  time that men have died to win them.  |
|  jem3@cc.bellcore.com  |                       FDR              |
-------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 7 Dec 1993 07:11:46 -0500
From:    jem3@CC.BELLCORE.COM
Subject: RADAR IN HAWAII

This post describes the radar facilities on Oahu, specifically the
Opana Radar Station, during the early hours of 7 Dec 41.  All times
specified are local Hawaiian time.

The U.S.  Army was responsible for defending all military installations
in Hawaii against aerial attack.  The Signal Corps had planned an
aircraft warning service consisting of an Information Center at Fort
Shafter and nine radar stations, three fixed and six mobile.  By
7 Dec 41, the six mobile stations were in operation but the towers for
the three fixed station were on the dock at Oakland, California.

To save money, manpower, and wear and tear, the six mobile radar
stations only operated during the following hours:

  Sunday: 0400-0700
  Monday thru Friday: 0700-1100 and 1200-1600
  Saturday: 0700-1100

The Information Center at Fort Shafter consisted of a plotting board
where plotters marked the position of aircraft up on radar or by coast
watchers.  The plotters had no way of distinguishing friend from foe.
Two officers were also on duty, a controller and a pursuit officer.  The
pursuit officer was "to assist the Controller in ordering planes to
intercept enemy planes or supposed enemy planes, after the planes got
in the air."

The best of the mobile radar stations was the Opana Mobile Radar
Station which was located 230 feet above sea level near Kahuku
Point on the northern tip of Oahu.  The site consisted of a few
tents and two equipment trailers.  The radar set itself had a range
of approximately 130 miles.

At 0400 on Sunday, 7 Dec 41, Privates Joseph L Lockard and George E
Elliott went on duty.  Lockard was the more experienced of the two
and began instructing Elliott in the use of the equipment.  At 0700,
Lockard began shutting the radar unit down but because the truck
taking them to breakfast was late, Elliott convinced Lockard to
leave the radar system on for additional training.  At 0702, they
picked up more than 50 aircraft bearing 005 degrees at 132 miles.
After checking the radar to ensure that it was functioning
correctly, Private Elliott called the Information Center to report.
The conversation lasted seven or eight minutes during which time
the target moved 20-25 miles closer to Oahu.

Since the Information Center was located on an Army post, the
plotters and Controller did not have to wait for a vehicle to take
them to breakfast.  Therefore, the center was closed promptly at
0700 and by the time Elliott called, there were only two people
left, the switchboard operator and the Pursuit Officer.  Strangely,
the tour of duty for the Pursuit Officer lasted until 0800.  The
Pursuit Officer that morning was Lieutenant Kermit A Tyler, a
fighter pilot in the 78th Pursuit Squadron (Interceptor) at Wheeler
Field.  Tyler's first experience with the Information Center was on
3 Dec, four days earlier.  It never occurred to him that this
incoming flight could be enemy aircraft.  He almost immediately
remembered that a flight of 12 Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress' were
enroute from California and due to arrive about an hour later.  When
plotted at the Opana Radar Site, the B-17s would bear 010 degrees,
5 degrees east of the bearing of the Japanese aircraft.  Tyler told
Elliott that his target was the B-17 flight at approximately 0720
when the target was at 74 miles, bearing 003 degrees.  Lockard and
Elliott continued to track the target until 0739 when ground
clutter interfered.  At that time, the target was at 20 miles
bearing 041 degrees.

Lockard and Elliott made one big mistake.  They neglected to tell
Lieutenant Tyler that the sighing consisted of more than 50
aircraft.  If they had, perhaps Tyler would not have confused the
blips with a flight of 12 B-17s.

The Opana Radar Station continued operating during the morning and
tracked the Japanese aircraft when they headed north back to their
carriers.  The Information Center at Fort Shafter recorded these
reports at 1027 and 1029.  However, the high command had convinced
themselves that the Japanese carriers lay in a southerly direction
and the radar reports were ignored.

-------------------------------------------------------------------
|  Jack McKillop         |  Those who have long enjoyed such      |
|  Bellcore              |  privileges as we enjoy forget in      |
|  Piscataway, NJ USA    |  time that men have died to win them.  |
|  jem3@cc.bellcore.com  |                       FDR              |
-------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 7 Dec 1993 07:11:47 -0500
From:    jem3@CC.BELLCORE.COM
Subject: SHIPS IN PEARL HARBOR

Everyone has heard of the battleship Arizona but there was a total of 145
US Coast Guard and US Naval vessels at Pearl Harbor on 7 Dec 41.  This post
lists the names and designations of the 145 vessels and the eventual fate
of each vessel, where known.  (This list was compiled from a various
documents.  I have just found another that states that the USCGC Taney was
at Honolulu and not Pearl Harbor; if this is true, the list would indicate
those ships at Oahu on 7 Dec 41.)

Ships names prefaced with USCGC (US Coast Guard Cutter) or USS (United States
Ship) were commissioned ships; all others were in service.

I. WARSHIPS: 50
   A. BATTLESHIPS: 8
        USS Arizona, BB-39: sunk 7 Dec 41; national memorial at Pearl Harbor
        USS California, BB-44: sold for scrap 7-59
        USS Maryland, BB-46: sold for scrap 7-59
        USS Nevada, BB-36: sunk in weapons test 7-48
        USS Oklahoma, BB-37: capsized 7 Dec 41; raised 1943 but not repaired;
           parted tow line enroute San Francisco and sank 5-47
        USS Pennsylvania, BB-38: scuttled off Kwajalein 2-48
        USS Tennessee, BB-43: sold for scrap 7-59
        USS West Virginia, BB-48: sold for scrap 8-59
   B. HEAVY CRUISERS: 2
        USS New Orleans, CA-32: sold for scrap 9-59
        USS San Francisco, CA-38: sold for scrap 9-59
   C. LIGHT CRUISERS: 6
        USS Detroit, CL-8: sold for scrap 2-46
        USS Helena, CL-50: sunk in Kula Gulf, 7-43
        USS Honolulu, CL-48: sold for scrap 11-59
        USS Phoenix, CL-46: to Argentina 10-51; sunk during Falklands War
        USS Raleigh, CL-7: sold for scrap 2-46
        USS St. Louis, CL-49: to Brazil 1-51
   D. DESTROYERS: 30
        USS Allen, DD-66: sold for scrap 9-46
        USS Aylwin, DD-355: sold for scrap 12-46.
        USS Bagley, DD-386: sold for scrap 10-47
        USS Blue, DD-387: sunk off Guadalcanal 8-42
        USS Case, DD-370: sold for scrap 12-47
        USS Cassin, DD-372: sold for scrap 11-47
        USS Chew, DD-106: sold for scrap 10-46
        USS Conyngham, DD-371: sunk as target 7-48
        USS Cummings, DD-365: sold for scrap 7-47
        USS Dale, DD-353: sold for scrap 12-46
        USS Dewey, DD-349: sold for scrap 12-46
        USS Downes, DD-375: sold for scrap 11-47
        USS Farragut, DD-348: sold for scrap 8-47
        USS Helm, DD-388: sold for scrap 10-47
        USS Henley, DD-391: sunk in Huron Gulf 10-43
        USS Hull, DD-350: sunk by typhoon 12-44
        USS Jarvis, DD-393: sunk off Guadalcanal 8-42
        USS Macdonough, DD-351: sold for scrap 12-46
        USS Monaghan, DD-354: sunk by typhoon 12-44
        USS Mugford, DD-389: sunk off Kwajalein 3-48
        USS Patterson, DD-392: sold for scrap 8-47
        USS Phelps, DD-360: sold for scrap 8-47
        USS Ralph Talbot, DD-390: sunk as target 3-48
        USS Reid, DD-369: sunk off Leyte, PI 12-44
        USS Schley, DD-103: scrapped 1946
        USS Selfridge, DD-357: sold for scrap 11-46
        USS Shaw, DD-373: sold for scrap 1946
        USS Tucker, DD-374: sunk off Espiritu Santo 8-42
        USS Ward, DD-139: sunk off Leyte 12-44
        USS Worden, DD-352: sunk off Amchitka 1-43
   E. SUBMARINES: 4
        USS Cachalot, SS-170: sold for scrap 1-47
        USS Dolphin, SS-169: sold for scrap 8-46
        USS Narwhal, SS-167: sold for scrap 11-45
        USS Tautog, SS-199: sold for scrap 7-60

II. MINE WARFARE SHIPS: 23
   A. HIGH SPEED MINESWEEPERS: 4
        USS Perry, DMS-17: sunk off Palau Is 9-44
        USS Trever, DMS-16: sold for scrap 11-46
        USS Wasmuth, DMS-15: sunk off Aleutian Is 12-42
        USS Zane, DMS-14: sold for scrap 10-46
   B. LIGHT MINELAYERS: 8
        USS Breese, DM-18: sold for scrap 5-46
        USS Gamble, DM-15: scuttled off Guam 7-45
        USS Montgomery, DM-17: sold for scrap 3-46
        USS Preble, DM-20: sold for scrap 10-46
        USS Pruitt, DM-22: sold for scrap 1946
        USS Ramsay, DM-16: sold for scrap 11-46
        USS Sicard, DM-21: sold for scrap 6-46
        USS Tracy, DM-19: sold for scrap 1946
   C. MINELAYER: 1
        USS Oglala, CM-4: to Maritime Commission 7-46
   D. MINESWEEPERS: 6
        USS Bobolink, AM-20: sold 10-46
        USS Grebe, AM-43: destroyed by hurricane 1-43
        USS Rail, AM-26: to Maritime Commission 1-47
        USS Tern, AM-31: sold 7-47
        USS Turkey, AM-13: sold 12-46
        USS Vireo, AM-52: to Maritime Commission 2-47
   E. MINESWEEPERS, COASTAL: 4
        Cockatoo, AMc-8: to Maritime Commission 9-46
        Condor, AMc-14: to Maritime Commission 7-46
        Crossbill, AMc-9: to Maritime Commission 3-47
        Reedbird, AMc-30: to Maritime Commission 11-46

III. PATROL SHIPS: 13
   A. GUNBOAT: 1
        USS Sacramento, PG-19: sold 8-47
   B. MOTOR TORPEDO BOATS: 12
        PT-20: stricken for obsolescence, 12-44.
        PT-21: stricken for obsolescence, 10-43.
        PT-22: badly damaged in storm, 1-43; scrapped.
        PT-23: reclassified as small boat, 10-43.
        PT-24: reclassified as small boat, 12-44.
        PT-25: reclassified as small boat, 10-43.
        PT-26: reclassified as small boat, 10-43.
        PT-27: reclassified as small boat, 12-44.
        PT-28: wrecked in storm, 1-43.
        PT-29: stricken for obsolescence, 12-44.
        PT-30: stricken for obsolescence, 3-44.
        PT-42: stricken for obsolescence, 12-44.

IV. AUXILIARY SHIPS: 28
   A. AMMUNITION SHIP: 1
        USS Pyro, AE-1: sold for scrap 3-50
   B. CARGO SHIP: 1
        USS Vega, AK-17: sold for scrap 8-46
   C. DESTROYER TENDERS: 2
        USS Dobbin, AD-3: sold 1951
        USS Whitney, AD-4: sold for scrap 3-48
   D. GENERAL STORES ISSUE SHIPS: 2
        USS Antares, AKS-3: sold 1947
        USS Castor, AKS-1: sold 12-68
   E. HOSPITAL SHIP: 1
        USS Solace, AH-5: sold 1948
   F. MISCELLANEOUS AUXILIARIES: 3
        USS Argonne, AG-31: sold 1951
        USS Sumner, AG-32: to Maritime Commission 9-46
        USS Utah, AG-16: capsized 7 Dec 41; remains as partially submerged hulk
           at Pearl Harbor.
   G. OCEAN-GOING TUGS: 4
        USS Keosangua, AT-38: sold 7-47
        USS Navajo, AT-64: sunk east of New Hebrides 9-43
        USS Ontario, AT-13: sold 4-47
        USS Sunnadin, AT-28: to Maritime Commission 1-47
   H. OILERS: 2
        USS Neosho, AO-23: sunk in Coral Sea 5-42
        USS Ramapo, AO-12: to Maritime Commission 7-46
   I. REPAIR SHIPS: 3
        USS Medusa, AR-1: sold for scrap 8-50
        USS Rigel, AR-11: sold 1950
        USS Vestal, AR-4: sold for scrap 7-50
   J. SEAPLANE TENDERS: 2
        USS Curtiss, AV-4: sold 1-72
        USS Tangier, AV-8: sold for scrap 7-61
   K. SEAPLANE TENDERS, DESTROYER: 2
        USS Hulbert, AVD-6: sold for scrap 10-46
        USS Thornton, AVD-11: beached and abandoned off Okinawa 4-45
   L. SMALL SEAPLANE TENDERS: 2
        USS Avocet, AVP-4: sold 12-46
        USS Swan, AVP-7: to Maritime Commission 10-46
   M. SUBMARINE RESCUE VESSEL: 1
        USS Widgeon, ASR-1: sold for scrap 1948
   N. SUBMARINE TENDER: 1
        USS Pelias, AS-14: sold 1971
   O. UNCLASSIFIED MISCELLANEOUS: 1
        Chengho, IX-52: returned to owner 1946

V. SERVICE CRAFT: 27
   A. DISTRICT YARD CRAFT: 2
        YP-108
        YP-109
   B. FERRYBOAT: 1
        Manuwai, YFB-17: struck 9-54
   C. FUEL OIL BARGES: 4
        YO-21
        YO-30
        YO-43
        YO-44
   D. GARBAGE LIGHTERS: 3
        YG-15
        YG-17
        YG-21
   E. GATE VESSEL: 1
        YNg-17
   F. HARBOR TUGS: 8
        Hoga, YT-146: sold 1973
        Nokomis, YT-142: sold 1973
        Osceola, YT-129: sold 1973
        Sotoyomo, YT-9: destroyed 2-46
        YT-119
        YT-130
        YT-152
        YT-153
   G. MOTOR TUG: 1
        YMT-5
   H. NET TENDERS (BOOM): 5
        Ash, YN-2: sold 1962
        Cinchona, YN-7: sold 1962
        Cockenoe, YN-47: to Maritime Commission 7-47
        Marin, YN-53: to Maritime Commission 3-47
        Wapello, YN-56.
   I. TORPEDO TESTING BARGE: 1
        YTT-3
   J. WATER BARGE: 1
        YW-16

VI. U.S. COAST GUARD VESSELS: 4
   A. COAST GUARD BOAT: 1
        CG 8
   B. CRUISING CUTTERS: 3
        USCGC Reliance, 150: sold 6-48
        USCGC Taney, 68: struck 12-86. Now in Baltimore, Maryland Maritime
                         Musuem
        USCGC Tiger, 152: sold 1948

-------------------------------------------------------------------
|  Jack McKillop         |  Those who have long enjoyed such      |
|  Bellcore              |  privileges as we enjoy forget in      |
|  Piscataway, NJ USA    |  time that men have died to win them.  |
|  jem3@cc.bellcore.com  |                       FDR              |
-------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 7 Dec 1993 07:11:44 -0500
From:    jem3@CC.BELLCORE.COM
Subject: USAAF COMBAT UNITS

This post outlines the combat organization of the US Army Air Forces
(USAAF) on 7 Dec 41.

In the Zone of Interior (ZI), all USAAF combat units were under the Air
Force Combat Command.  The major units were four air forces, the 1st
covering the northeastern US, the 2d covering the northwestern US, the 3d
covering the southeastern US and the 4th covering the southwestern US, and
the V Air Support Command which supported the five Army armored divisions.

Each of the four air forces had three major subordinate units, an air
support command, a bomber command and an interceptor command.  The air
support command was intended to be a tactical unit consisting of
bombardment groups/squadrons (light) with attack aircraft like the Douglas
A-20. Also assigned to this command were observation squadrons because the
Army still thought that light aircraft providing visual reconnaissance and
hand held cameras were useful.

The bombardment command contained the medium and heavy bomber groups/squadrons
and was intended as a strategic force. Attached to the bomber command was a
reconnaissance squadron per bombardment group. These squadrons were
reassigned to the group in Feb 42.

The interceptor command contained pursuit groups/squadrons. This latter command
and all subordinate units were redesignated fighter command/wings/groups/
squadrons on 15 May 42 although they still flew pursuit aircraft, e.g., P-51,
until 1947 when the aircraft also became fighters (F-51).

The other major command in the ZI was the Office of Chief of Air Corps
which controlled transport, training, photographic and testing units. All
of the transport units listed in this post became troop carrier units on
15 Jul 42.

The overseas USAAF units tended to resemble the ZI units although they
reported to the Army commander commanding the area they operated in.

This post is divided into six parts, i.e.:
  I. Air Force Combat Command
 II. Office Chief Of Air Corps
III. Barrage Balloon Training Center, US Army
 IV. Overseas Units
  V. Units Sorted By Station
 VI. Federalized National Guard Units

* Attached unit

I. AIR FORCE COMBAT COMMAND, Bolling Field, DC
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
1st Air Force, Mitchel Fld, NY
  I Air Support Command, Mitchel Fld, NY
    26th Observation Gp, Providence, RI
      101st Observation Sqd, Mass NG, Otis Fld, Mass (O-46, O-47, O-49, O-59)
      152d  Observation Sqd, RI NG, Ft Devens AAFld, Mass (BC-1, O-47, O-49,
         O-52, O-58)
    45th Bombardment Gp (Light), Grenier Fld, NH
      78th Bombardment Sqd (Light) (A-20, DB-7)
      79th Bombardment Sqd (Light) (A-20, DB-7)
      80th Bombardment Sqd (Light) (A-20, DB-7)
      92d  Bombardment Sqd (Light) (A-20)
    59th Observation Gp, Pope Fld, NC
      103d  Observation Sqd, Pa NG, Harrisburg MAP, Pa (O-46, O-47, O-49, O-57)
      104th Observation Sqd, Md NG, Detrick Fld, Md (O-46, O-47, O-49, O-59)
     *119th Observation Sqd, NJ NG, Newark MAP, NJ (O-47, O-49, O-52)
      126th Observation Sqd, Wisc NG, Ft Dix AAFld, NJ (BC-1, O-46, O-49,
        O-59)
    65th Observation Gp, Owens Fld, SC
      105th Observation Sqd, Tenn NG (O-38, O-47, O-49, O-52)
      112th Observation Sqd, Ohio NG, Pope Fld, NC (O-47, O-49, O-57)
      121st Observation Sqd, DC NG (AT-6, O-38, O-46, O-47,
        O-58)
     2d Balloon Sqdn, Pope Fld, NC (various balloons)
     3d Observation Sqdn, Langley Fld, Va (O-43, O-47, O-49, O-52)
  I Bomber Command, Langley Fld, Va
     2d Bombardment Gp (Heavy), Langley Fld, Va
      20th Bombardment Sqd (Heavy) (B-17)
     *41st Reconnaissance Squadron (Heavy), Newfoundland Arpt, Nfld (B-17)
      49th Bombardment Sqd (Heavy), ground echelon enroute to Newfoundland, air
        echelon at Mitchel Fld, NY (B-17)
      96th Bombardment Sqd (Heavy) (B-17)
    22d Bombardment Gp (Medium), Langley Fld, Va
       2d  Bombardment Sqd (Medium) (B-26)
     *18th Reconnaissance Squadron (Medium) (B-26)
      19th Bombardment Sqd (Medium) (B-26)
      33d  Bombardment Sqd (Medium) (B-26)
    34th Bombardment Gp, (Heavy), Westover Fld, Mass
      *1st Reconnaissance Sqd (Heavy) (B-17)
       4th Bombardment Sqd (Heavy) (B-17)
       7th Bombardment Sqd (Heavy) (B-17)
      18th Bombardment Sqd (Heavy) (B-17)
    43d Bombardment Gp (Heavy), Dow Fld, Maine
     *13th Reconnaissance Sqd (Heavy) (B-18)
      63d  Bombardment Sqd (Heavy) (LB-30)
      64th Bombardment Sqd (Heavy) (B-18)
      65th Bombardment Sqd (Heavy) (B-17)
  I Interceptor Command, Mitchel Fld, NY
     1st Pursuit Gp (Fighter), Selfridge Fld, Mich
      27th Pursuit Sqd (Fighter) (P-38)
      71st Pursuit Sqd (Fighter) (P-38)
      94th Pursuit Sqd (Fighter) (P-38)
     8th Pursuit Gp (Interceptor), Mitchel Fld, NY
      35th Pursuit Sqd (Interceptor) (P-39)
      36th Pursuit Sqd (Interceptor) (P-39)
    31st Pursuit Gp (Interceptor), Baer Fld, Ind
      39th Pursuit Sqd (Interceptor) (P-39)
      40th Pursuit Sqd (Interceptor) (P-39)
      41st Pursuit Sqd (Interceptor) (P-39)
    33d Pursuit Gp (Interceptor), Mitchel Fld, NY
      58th Pursuit Sqd (Interceptor) (P-40)
      59th Pursuit Sqd (Interceptor) (P-40)
      60th Pursuit Sqd (Interceptor) (P-40)
    52d Pursuit Gp (Interceptor), Selfridge Fld, Mich
       2d  Pursuit Sqd (Interceptor) (P-40)
       4th Pursuit Sqd (Interceptor) (P-40)
       5th Pursuit Sqd (Interceptor) (P-40)
    57th Pursuit Gp (Interceptor), Bradley Fld, Conn
      64th Pursuit Sqd (Interceptor) (P-40)
      65th Pursuit Sqd (Interceptor) (P-40), Brainard Fld, Conn
      66th Pursuit Sqd (Interceptor) (P-40), Brainard Fld, Conn
2d Air Force, Ft Geo Wright, Wash
  II Air Support Command, Will Rogers Fld, Okla
    12th Bombardment Gp (Light), McChord Fld, Wash
      81st Bombardment Sqd (Light) (B-18)
      82d  Bombardment Sqd (Light) (B-18, PT-17)
      83d  Bombardment Sqd (Light) (B-18, B-23)
      94th Bombardment Sqd (Light) (B-18, B-23)
    48th Bombardment Gp (Light), Will Rogers Fld, Okla
      55th Bombardment Sqd (Light) (A-20)
      56th Bombardment Sqd (Light) (A-20)
      57th Bombardment Sqd (Light) (A-20)
      88th Bombardment Sqd (Light) (A-20)
    72d Observation Gp, Adams Fld, Ark
        1st Observation Sqd, Marshall Fld, Kans (O-47, O-49)
      108th Observation Sqd, Ill NG, Chicago MAP, Ill (O-31, O-47, O-49, O-52)
      124th Observation Sqd, Iowa NG, Sherman Fld, Kans (BC-1, O-38, O-47)
    30th Observation Sqd, Atlanta AAB, Ga (O-38, O-49)
  II Bomber Command, Ft Geo Wright, Wash
    17th Bombardment Gp (Medium), Pendleton AAB, Ore
      34th Bombardment Sqd (Medium) (B-25)
      37th Bombardment Sqd (Medium) (B-25)
     *89th Reconnaissance Sqd (Medium) (B-25)
      95th Bombardment Sqd (Medium) (B-25)
    39th Bombardment Gp (Heavy), Geiger Fld, Wash
     *12th Reconnaissance Sqd (Heavy) (B-17)
      60th Bombardment Sqd (Heavy) (B-17)
      61st Bombardment Sqd (Heavy) (B-17)
      62d  Bombardment Sqd (Heavy) (B-17)
    42d Bombardment Gp (Medium), Gowen Fld, Idaho
     *16th Reconnaissance Sqd (Medium) (B-18, B-26)
      75th Bombardment Sqd (Medium) (B-18)
      76th Bombardment Sqd (Medium) (B-26)
      77th Bombardment Sqd (Medium) (B-26)
  II Interceptor Command, Ft Lawton, Wash
    54th Pursuit Gp (Interceptor), Paine Fld, Wash
      42d  Pursuit Sqd (Interceptor) (P-39)
      56th Pursuit Sqd (Interceptor) (P-39)
      57th Pursuit Sqd (Interceptor) (P-39)
    55th Pursuit Gp (Interceptor), Portland AAB, Ore
      37th Pursuit Sqd (Interceptor) (P-43)
      38th Pursuit Sqd (Interceptor) (P-43)
      54th Pursuit Sqd (Interceptor) (P-36, P-40, P-43)
3d Air Force, Tampa, Fla
  III Air Support Command, Savannah AB, Ga
     3d Bombardment Gp (Light), Savannah AB, Ga
       8th Bombardment Sqd (Light) (A-20, A-24)
      13th Bombardment Sqd (Light) (A-20)
      89th Bombardment Sqd (Light) (A-20)
      90th Bombardment Sqd (Light) (A-20)
    66th Observation Gp, Jacksonville AAB, Fla
       97th Observation Sqd, Lawson Fld, Ga (O-47, O-49, O-52, O-57)
      106th Observation Sqd, Ala NG, Birmingham AAB, Ala (O-47, O-49)
      118th Observation Sqd, Conn NG (C-45, O-46, O-47, O-49, O-57, O-58, O-59)     67th Observation Gp, Esler Fld, La
      107th Observation Sqd, Mich NG (C-45, O-47, O-49)
      109th Observation Sqd, Minn NG (O-47, O-49, O-58)
      113th Observation Sqd, Ind NG, Key Fld, Miss (O-47, O-49, O-52)
      153d  Observation Sqd, Miss NG, Key Fld, Miss (O-47, O-49, O-52,
        O-58)
    68th Observation Gp, Brownwood Afld, Tex
      122d  Observation Sqd, La NG, Esler Fld, La (BC-1, O-38, O-46, O-47)
      125th Observation Sqd, Okla NG, Post Fld, Okla (BC-1, O-38, O-47)
      127th Observation Sqd, Kans NG, Sherman Fld, Kans (BC-1, O-38, O-46)
      154th Observation Sqd, Ark NG, Post Fld, Okla (O-38, O-47, O-49,
        O-57)
    71st Observation Gp, Birmingham AAB, Ala
      102d  Observation Sqd, NY NG, Reilly Fld, Ala (C-45, O-46, O-47, O-49,
        O-57)
      110th Observation Sqd, Mo NG, Adams Fld, Ark (O-47, O-49)
      128th Observation Sqd, Ga NG, Lawson Fld, Ga (BC-1, O-38, O-46)
    15th Observation Sqd, Post Fld, Okla (O-43, O-47, O-49, O-52)
   111th Observation Sqd, Tex NG, Brownwood Afld, Tex (O-43, O-47, O-49, O-52,        O-59)
   120th Observation Sqd, Colo NG, Biggs Fld, Tex (O-47, O-49)
  III Bomber Command, MacDill Fld, Fla
    13th Bombardment Gp (Medium), Orlando AAB, Fla
     * 3d  Reconnaissance Sqd (Medium) (B-18, B-25)
      39th Bombardment Sqd (Medium) (B-18, B-25)
      40th Bombardment Sqd (Medium) (B-18)
      41st Bombardment Sqd (Medium) (B-25)
    29th Bombardment Gp (Heavy), MacDill Fld, Fla
       6th Bombardment Sqd (Heavy) (B-17)
     *21st Reconnaissance Sqd (Heavy) (A-29, B-17)
      43d  Bombardment Sqd (Heavy) (B-17)
      52d  Bombardment Sqd (Heavy) (B-17)
    30th Bombardment Gp (Heavy), New Orleans AAB, La
     * 2d  Reconnaissance Sqd (Heavy) (B-17)
      21st Bombardment Sqd (Heavy) (A-29)
      27th Bombardment Sqd (Heavy) (A-29)
      38th Bombardment Sqd (Heavy) (B-18)
    38th Bombardment Gp (Medium), Jackson AAB, Miss
     *15th Reconnaissance Sqd (Medium) (B-26)
      69th Bombardment Sqd (Medium) (B-26)
      70th Bombardment Sqd (Medium) (B-26)
      71st Bombardment Sqd (Medium) (B-26)
    44th Bombardment Gp (Heavy), MacDill Fld, Fla
     *14th Reconnaissance Sqd (Heavy) (B-24)
      66th Bombardment Sqd (Heavy) (B-18)
      67th Bombardment Sqd (Heavy) (unknown aircraft)
      68th Bombardment Sqd (Heavy) (unknown aircraft)
  III Interceptor Command, Drew Fld, Fla
    49th Pursuit Gp (Interceptor), Morrison Fld, Fla
      7th Pursuit Sqd (Interceptor) (P-35)
      8th Pursuit Sqd (Interceptor) (P-35)
      9th Pursuit Sqd (Interceptor) (P-40)
    50th Pursuit Gp (Interceptor), Key Fld, Miss
      10th Pursuit Sqd (Interceptor) (BT-13, P-35)
      11th Pursuit Sqd (Interceptor) (P-36, P-40)
      12th Pursuit Sqd (Interceptor) (unknown aircraft)
    53d Pursuit Gp (Interceptor), Dale Mabry Fld, Fla
      13th Pursuit Sqd (Interceptor) (P-39)
      14th Pursuit Sqd (Interceptor) (P-39)
      15th Pursuit Sqd (Interceptor) (P-39)
    56th Pursuit Gp (Interceptor), Douglas Fld, NC
      61st Pursuit Sqd (Interceptor) (P-39, P-40)
      62d  Pursuit Sqd (Interceptor) (P-39, P-40)
      63d  Pursuit Sqd (Interceptor) (P-39, P-40)
    58th Pursuit Gp (Interceptor), Harding Fld, La
      67th Pursuit Sqd (Interceptor) (P-36)
      68th Pursuit Sqd (Interceptor) (P-40)
      69th Pursuit Sqd (Interceptor) (P-35, P-36, P-39)
4th Air Force, Hamilton Fld, Calif
  IV Air Support Command, Hamilton Fld, Calif
    47th Bombardment Gp (Light), Fresno AAB, Calif
      84th Bombardment Sqd (Light) (B-18)
      85th Bombardment Sqd (Light) (A-20, B-18)
      86th Bombardment Sqd (Light) (B-18)
      97th Bombardment Sqd (Light) (LB-30)
    69th Observation Gp, Salinas AAB, Calif
       82d  Observation Sqd (O-46, O-47, O-49, O-52)
      115th Observation Sqd, Calif NG, Sherwood Fld, Calif (BC-1, O-38, O-47,
        O-49)
    70th Observation Gp, Gray Fld, Wash
      116th Observation Sqd, Wash NG (O-47, O-49)
      123d  Observation Sqd, Ore NG (BC-1, O-46)
    31st Observation Sqd, Salinas AAB, Calif (O-49, O-52)
  IV Bomber Command, Tucson, Arizona
    1st Bombardment Wing, Tucson, Arizona
       7th Bombardment Gp (Heavy), air echelon at Hamilton Fld, Calif; ground
         echelon enroute US to Philippine Is
          9th Bombardment Sqd (Heavy) (B-17)
         11th Bombardment Sqd (Heavy) (B-17)
         14th Bombardment Sqd (Heavy), Clark Fld, Philippine Is (B-17)
         22d  Bombardment Sqd (Heavy), ground echelon enroute to PI; air
              echelon at Hamilton Fld, Calif (B-17)
        *88th Reconnaissance Squadron (Heavy), ground echelon enroute US to PI;               air echelon enroute US to Hawaii (B-17)
      41st Bombardment Gp (Medium), Davis-Monthan Fld, Ariz
       * 6th Reconnaissance Sqd (Medium) (A-29, B-18, LB-30)
        46th Bombardment Sqd (Medium) (B-18)
        47th Bombardment Sqd (Medium) (A-29)
        48th Bombardment Sqd (Medium) (A-29, B-18)
   *38th Reconnaissance Sqd (Heavy), air echelon enroute US to Hawaii; ground
        echelon enroute US to PI (B-17)
  IV Interceptor Command, Riverside PO, Calif
    14th Pursuit Gp (Fighter), March Fld, Calif
      48th Pursuit Sqd (Fighter) (P-38)
      49th Pursuit Sqd (Fighter) (P-38)
      50th Pursuit Sqd (Fighter) (P-40)
    20th Pursuit Gp (Interceptor), Hamilton Fld, Calif
      55th Pursuit Sqd (Interceptor) (P-40)
      77th Pursuit Sqd (Interceptor) (P-40)
      79th Pursuit Sqd (Interceptor) (P-40)
    35th Pursuit Gp (Interceptor), enroute US to Philippine Is
      21st Pursuit Sqd (Interceptor), Nichols Fld, Philippine Is (P-40)
      34th Pursuit Sqd (Interceptor), Del Carmen, Philippine Is (P-35)
      70th Pursuit Sqd (Interceptor), Hamilton Fld, Calif (P-36)
    51st Pursuit Gp (Fighter), March Fld, Calif
      16th Pursuit Sqd (Fighter) (P-40)
      25th Pursuit Sqd (Fighter) (P-40)
      26th Pursuit Sqd (Fighter) (P-40)
V Air Support Command, Bowman Fld, Ky
  46th Bombardment Gp (Light), Bowman Fld, Ky
    50th Bombardment Sqd (Light) (A-20)
    51st Bombardment Sqd (Light) (A-20)
    53d  Bombardment Sqd (Light) (A-20)
    87th Bombardment Sqd (Light) (A-20)
  73d Observation Gp, Godman Fld, Ky
    12th Observation Sqd (O-38, O-47, O-49, O-52, YO-54, O-57, O-59)
    16th Observation Sqd, Lawson Fld, Ga (O-47, O-49)
    22d  Observation Sqd, Brooks Fld, Tex (O-46, O-49, O-52)
    91st Observation Sqd, Wheeler-Sack Fld, NY (O-46, O-47, O-49, O-52)
  15th Bombardment Sqd (Light), Lawson Fld, Ga (A-20)

II. OFFICE CHIEF OF AIR CORPS, Washington, DC
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

Air Corps Proving Ground, Eglin Fld, Fla
   1st Pursuit Sqd (Interceptor), Eglin Fld, Fla (various acft)
  24th Bombardment Sqd (Light), Eglin Fld, Fla (various acft)
  54th Bombardment Sqd (Medium), Eglin Fld, Fla (various acft)
50th Transport Wing, Wright Fld, Ohio
  10th Transport Gp, Patterson Fld, Ohio
    1st Transport Sqd (C-39, C-47)
    2d  Transport Sqd, Olmsted Fld, Pa (C-39, C-47)
    5th Transport Sqd (C-39, C-47)
  60th Transport Gp, Westover Fld, Mass
    10th Transport Sqd (unknown aircraft)
    11th Transport Sqd, Selfridge Fld, Mich (unknown aircraft)
    12th Transport Sqd, Mitchel Fld, NY (unknown aircraft)
  61st Transport Gp, Daniel Fld, Ga
     6th Transport Sqd, Olmsted Fld, Pa (C-39, C-53)
    13th Transport Sqd, Drew Fld, Fla (C-47)
    14th Transport Sqd (C-39)
    15th Transport Sqd (C-39)
  62d Transport Gp, McClellan Fld, Calif
    4th Transport Sqd (C-39)
    7th Transport Sqd (C-39)
    8th Transport Sqd, Hill Fld, Utah (C-39)
  63d Transport Gp, Brookley Fld, Ala
    3d Transport Sqd, Duncan Fld, Tex (C-39)
    9th Transport Sqd (C-39)
  64th Transport Gp, March Fld, Calif
    16th Transport Sqd, Portland AAB, Ore (C-47)
    17th Transport Sqd, Hamilton Fld, Calif (C-47)
    18th Transport Sqd (C-47)
1st Photographic Gp, Bolling Fld, DC
  1st Photographic Sqd, Bradley Fld, Conn (A-29)
  2d  Photographic Sqd, Gray Fld, Wash (F-2)
  3d  Photographic Sqd, Maxwell Fld, Ala (unknown aircraft)
  4th Photographic Sqd, Moffett Fld, Calif (F-2)

III. BARRAGE BALLOON TRAINING CENTER, US ARMY
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
3d Barrage Balloon Sqd, Camp Davis, NC (various balloons)

IV. OVERSEAS UNITS
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
ALASKA DEFENSE COMMAND, US ARMY
-------------------------------
Air Field Forces, Alaska Defense Command
  28th Composite Gp, Elmendorf Fld, TA
    18th Pursuit Sqd (Interceptor) (20 P-36s)
    36th Bombardment Sqd (Heavy) (6 B-18As)
    73d  Bombardment Sqd (Medium) (6 B-18As)

CARIBBEAN DEFENSE COMMAND, US ARMY
----------------------------------
Caribbean Air Force, Albrook Fld, CZ
  VI Bomber Command, Albrook Fld, CZ
     6th Bombardment Gp (Heavy), France Fld, CZ
       3d  Bombardment Sqd (Heavy) (B-18)
     * 7th Reconnaissance Sqd (Heavy), Howard Fld, CZ (B-17, B-18)
      25th Bombardment Sqd (Heavy) (B-18)
      74th Bombardment Sqd (Heavy), Aguadulce, Panama (B-18)
     9th Bombardment Gp (Heavy), Waller Fld, Trinidad
       1st Bombardment Sqd (Heavy) (B-18)
       5th Bombardment Sqd (Heavy), Beane Fld, St Lucia (B-18)
      44th Reconnaissance Sqd (Heavy), Atkinson Fld, British Guiana (B-17)
     *59th Bombardment Sqd (Light), Howard Fld, CZ (A-20)
      99th Bombardment Sqd (Heavy), Zandery Fld, Surinam (B-18)
    25th Bombardment Gp (Heavy), Borinquen Fld, PR
      10th Bombardment Sqd (Heavy) (B-18)
      12th Bombardment Sqd (Heavy), Benedict Fld, St Croix (B-18)
     *27th Reconnaissance Sqd (Heavy) (B-18)
      35th Bombardment Sqd (Heavy), Coolidge Fld, Antigua (B-18)
    40th Bombardment Gp (Medium), Borinquen Fld, PR
     * 5th Reconnaissance Sqd (Medium) (B-18)
      29th Bombardment Sqd (Medium) (B-18)
      44th Bombardment Sqd (Medium) (B-18)
      45th Bombardment Sqd (Medium) (B-18)
  VI Interceptor Command, Borinquen Fld, PR
    12th Pursuit Wing, Albrook Fld, CZ
      16th Pursuit Gp (Interceptor), Albrook Fld, CZ
        24th Pursuit Sqd (Interceptor) (P-36)
        29th Pursuit Sqd (Interceptor) (P-40)
        43d  Pursuit Sqd (Interceptor) (P-40)
      32d Pursuit Gp (Fighter), Rio Hato, Panama
        51st Pursuit Sqd (Fighter) (P-36)
        52d  Pursuit Sqd (Fighter) (P-36)
        53d  Pursuit Sqd (Fighter) (P-36)
      37th Pursuit Gp (Interceptor), Albrook Fld, CZ
        28th Pursuit Sqd (Interceptor) (P-40)
        30th Pursuit Sqd (Interceptor), Chorrera, Panama (P-40)
        31st Pursuit Sqd (Interceptor) (P-26, P-40)
    36th Pursuit Gp (Interceptor), Losey Fld, PR
      22d Pursuit Sqd (Interceptor) (P-36)
      23d Pursuit Sqd (Interceptor) (P-36)
      32d Pursuit Sqd (Interceptor) (P-36)
  20th Transport Sqd, France Fld (detachment at Howard Fld), CZ (C-39, C-47,
      C-49)
  39th Observation Sqd, France Fld, CZ (O-47, O-49)

HAWAIIAN DEPARTMENT, US ARMY
----------------------------
Hawaiian Air Force, Hickam Fld, TH
  14th Pursuit Wg, Wheeler Fld, TH
    15th Pursuit Gp (Fighter), Wheeler Fld, TH
      45th Pursuit Sqd (Fighter) (P-36A)
      46th Pursuit Sqd (Fighter) (P-36A, P-40B)
      47th Pursuit Sqd (Fighter) (P-40B, P-36A)
      72d  Pursuit Sqd (Interceptor) (none)
    18th Pursuit Gp (Interceptor), Wheeler Fld, TH
       6th Pursuit Sqd (Interceptor) (P-40B)
      19th Pursuit Sqd (Interceptor) (P-40B, P-40C)
      44th Pursuit Sqd (Interceptor), Bellows Fld, TH (P-40B, P-40C)
      73d  Pursuit Sqd (Interceptor) (P-40B)
      78th Pursuit Sqd (Interceptor) (P-40B)
  18th Bombardment Wg, Hickam Fld, TH
     5th Bombardment Gp (Heavy), Hickam Fld, TH
     * 4th Reconnaissance Sqd (Heavy) (B-17, B-18)
      23d  Bombardment Sqd (Heavy) (B-17, B-18)
      31st Bombardment Sqd (Heavy) (B-17, B-18)
      72d  Bombardment Sqd (Heavy) (B-17, B-18))
    11th Bombardment Gp (Heavy), Hickam Fld, TH
      26th Bombardment Sqd (Heavy) (B-17, B-18)
      42d  Bombardment Sqd (Heavy) (B-17, B-18)
     *50th Reconnaissance Sqd (Heavy) (B-17, B-18)
  19th Transport Sqd, Hickam Fld, TH (C-33)
  58th Bombardment Sqd (Light), Hickam Fld, TH (A-20)
  86th Observation Sqd, Bellows Fld, TH (B-12, O-47, O-49)

ICELAND BASE COMMAND, US ARMY
-----------------------------
33d Pursuit Sqd (Interceptor), Reykjavik Aerodrome (P-40)

NEWFOUNDLAND BASE COMMAND, US ARMY
----------------------------------
*41st Reconnaissance Sqd (Heavy), Newfoundland Airport (B-17)

PUERTO RICAN DEPARTMENT, US ARMY
--------------------------------
4th Observation Sqd, Losey Fld, PR (O-47, O-52)

US ARMY FORCES IN THE FAR EAST
 -----------------------------
Far East Air Force, Nichols Fld, PI
  V Bomber Command, Clark Fld, PI
    19th Bombardment Gp (Heavy), Clark Fld, PI
     *14th Bombardment Sqd (Heavy) (B-17)
      28th Bombardment Sqd (Heavy) (B-17)
      30th Bombardment Sqd (Heavy) (B-17)
      32d  Bombardment Sqd (Heavy), ground echelon enroute US to PI; air
          echelon at Hamilton Fld, Calif (B-17)
      38th Reconnaissance Sqdn (Heavy), ground echelon enroute US to PI; air
          echelon enroute US to Hawaii
      93d  Bombardment Sqd (Heavy) (B-17)
    27th Bombardment Gp (Light), Ft William McKinely, PI
      16th Bombardment Sqd (Light) (none)
      17th Bombardment Sqd (Light) (none)
      91st Bombardment Sqd (Light) (none)
  5th Interceptor Command (Provisional), Nielson Fld, PI
    24th Pursuit Gp (Interceptor), Clark Fld, PI
       3d  Pursuit Sqd (Interceptor), Iba Afld, PI (P-40E)
      17th Pursuit Sqd (Interceptor), Nichols Fld, PI (P-40E)
      20th Pursuit Sqd (Interceptor) (P-40B)
     *21st Pursuit Sqd (Interceptor), Nichols Fld, PI (P-40E)
     *34th Pursuit Sqd (Interceptor), Del Carmen Fld, PI (P-35)
  2d Observation Sqd, Nichols Fld, PI (O-46, O-52)

V. UNITS SORTED BY STATION
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
AIR ECHELONS ENROUTE FROM U.S. TO HAWAII
----------------------------------------
38th Reconnaissance Squadron (Heavy)
88th Reconnaissance Squadron (Heavy)

ALABAMA
-------
Birmingham Army Air Base (Birmingham Municipal Airport)
  71st Observation Group
  106th Observation Squadron, Ala NG (O-47, O-49)
Brookley Field, Mobile
  63d Transport Group
  9th Transport Squadron (C-39)
Maxwell Field, Montgomery
  3d  Photographic Squadron (unknown aircraft)
Reilly Field, Fort McClellan, Anniston
  102d  Observation Squadron, NY NG (C-45, O-46, O-47, O-49, O-57)

ARIZONA
-------
Davis-Monthan Field (Tucson Municipal Airport)
  41st Bombardment Group (Medium)
   6th Reconnaissance Squadron (Medium) (A-29, B-18, LB-30)
  46th Bombardment Squadron (Medium) (B-18)
  47th Bombardment Squadron (Medium) (A-29)
  48th Bombardment Squadron (Medium) (A-29, B-18)
Tucson
  HQ IV Bomber Command, Tucson
  HQ 1st Bombardment Wing, Tucson

ARKANSAS, Adams Field, Little Rock
----------------------------------
 72d  Observation Group
110th Observation Squadron, Mo NG (O-47, O-49)

BRITISH GUINEA, Atkinson Field
 -----------------------------
44th Reconnaissance Squadron (Heavy) (B-17)

BRITISH WEST INDIES
-------------------
Antigua, Coolidge Field
  35th Bombardment Squadron (Heavy) (B-18)
St. Lucia, Beane Field
  5th Bombardment Squadron (Heavy) (B-18)
Trinidad, Waller Field
  9th Bombardment Group (Heavy)
  1st Bombardment Squadron (Heavy) (B-18)

CALIFORNIA
----------
Fresno Army Air Base, Fresno
  47th Bombardment Group (Light)
  84th Bombardment Squadron (Light) (B-18)
  85th Bombardment Squadron (Light) (A-20, B-18)
  86th Bombardment Squadron (Light) (B-18)
  97th Bombardment Squadron (Light) (LB-30)
Hamilton Field, San Rafael
  HQ 4th Air Force
  HQ IV Air Support Command
   7th Bombardment Group (Heavy) air echelon only
  20th Pursuit Group (Interceptor), Hamilton Fld, Calif
   9th Bombardment Squadron (Heavy), air echelon only (B-17)
  11th Bombardment Squadron (Heavy), air echelon only (B-17)
  17th Transport Squadron (C-47)
  22d  Bombardment Squadron (Heavy), air echelon only (B-17)
  55th Pursuit Squadron (Interceptor) (P-40)
  70th Pursuit Squadron (Interceptor) (P-36)
  77th Pursuit Squadron (Interceptor) (P-40)
  79th Pursuit Squadron (Interceptor) (P-40)
March Field, Riverside
  14th Pursuit Group (Fighter)
  51st Pursuit Group (Fighter)
  64th Transport Group
  16th Pursuit Squadron (Fighter) (P-40)
  18th Transport Squadron (C-47)
  25th Pursuit Squadron (Fighter) (P-40)
  26th Pursuit Squadron (Fighter) (P-40)
  48th Pursuit Squadron (Fighter) (P-38)
  49th Pursuit Squadron (Fighter) (P-38)
  50th Pursuit Squadron (Fighter) (P-40)
McClellan Field, Sacramento
  62d Transport Group
  4th Transport Squadron (C-39)
  7th Transport Squadron (C-39)
Moffett Field, Mountain View
  4th Photographic Squadron (F-2)
Riverside (US Post Office)
  HQ IV Interceptor Command
Salinas Army Air Base (Salinas Airport), Salinas
  69th Observation Group
  31st Observation Squadron (O-49, O-52)
  82d  Observation Squadron (O-46, O-47, O-49, O-52)
Sherwood Field, Paso Robles
  115th Observation Squadron, Calif NG (BC-1, O-38, O-47, O-49)

CANAL ZONE
----------
Albrook Field
  HQ Caribbean Air Force
  HQ VI Bomber Command
  HQ 12th Pursuit Wing
  37th Pursuit Group (Interceptor)
  16th Pursuit Group (Interceptor)
  24th Pursuit Squadron (Interceptor) (P-36)
  28th Pursuit Squadron (Interceptor) (P-40)
  29th Pursuit Squadron (Interceptor) (P-40)
  31st Pursuit Squadron (Interceptor) (P-26, P-40)
  43d  Pursuit Squadron (Interceptor) (P-40)
France Field
   6th Bombardment Group (Heavy), France Fld, CZ
   3d  Bombardment Squadron (Heavy) (B-18)
  20th Transport Squadron (C-39, C-47, C-49)
  25th Bombardment Squadron (Heavy) (B-18)
  39th Observation Squadron (O-47, O-49)
Howard Field
   7th Reconnaissance Squadron (Heavy) (B-17, B-18)
  59th Bombardment Squadron (Light) (A-20)
  Detachment, 20th Transport Squadron (C-39, C-47, C-49)

CONNECTICUT
-----------
Bradley Field, Windsor Locks
   1st Photographic Squadron (A-29)
  57th Pursuit Group (Interceptor),
  64th Pursuit Squadron (Interceptor) (P-40)
Brainard Field, Hartford
  65th Pursuit Squadron (Interceptor) (P-40)
  66th Pursuit Squadron (Interceptor) (P-40)

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, Bolling Field
-----------------------------------
HQ Air Force Combat Command
HQ Office Chief of Air Corps
1st Photographic Group

FLORIDA
-------
Dale Mabry Field, Tallahassee
  53d  Pursuit Group (Interceptor)
  13th Pursuit Squadron (Interceptor) (P-39)
  14th Pursuit Squadron (Interceptor) (P-39)
  15th Pursuit Squadron (Interceptor) (P-39)
Drew Field, Tampa
  HQ III Interceptor Command
  13th Transport Squadron (C-47)
Eglin Field, Valpariso
  Air Corps Proving Ground
   1st Pursuit Squadron (Interceptor) (various acft)
  24th Bombardment Squadron (Light) (various acft)
  54th Bombardment Squadron (Medium) (various acft)
Jacksonville Army Air Base (Municipal Airport), Jacksonville
   66th Observation Group
  118th Observation Squadron, Conn NG (C-45, O-46, O-47, O-49, O-57, O-58, O-59)
MacDill Field, Tampa
  HQ III Bomber Command
  29th Bombardment Group (Heavy)
  44th Bombardment Group (Heavy)
   6th Bombardment Squadron (Heavy) (B-17)
  14th Reconnaissance Squadron (Heavy) (B-24)
  21st Reconnaissance Squadron (Heavy) (A-29, B-17)
  43d  Bombardment Squadron (Heavy) (B-17)
  52d  Bombardment Squadron (Heavy) (B-17)
  66th Bombardment Squadron (Heavy) (B-18)
  67th Bombardment Squadron (Heavy) (unknown aircraft)
  68th Bombardment Squadron (Heavy) (unknown aircraft)
Morrison Field, Palm Beach
  49th Pursuit Group (Interceptor)
   7th Pursuit Squadron (Interceptor) (P-35)
   8th Pursuit Squadron (Interceptor) (P-35)
   9th Pursuit Squadron (Interceptor) (P-40)
Orlando Army Air Base (Municipal Airport), Orlando
  13th Bombardment Group (Medium)
   3d  Reconnaissance Squadron (Medium) (B-18, B-25)
  39th Bombardment Squadron (Medium) (B-18, B-25)
  40th Bombardment Squadron (Medium) (B-18)
  41st Bombardment Squadron (Medium) (B-25)
Tampa (National Guard Armory)
  HQ 3d Air Force

GEORGIA
-------
Atlanta Army Air Base (Atlanta Airport), Atlanta
  30th Observation Squadron (O-38, O-49)
Daniel Field, Augusta
  61st Transport Group
  14th Transport Squadron (C-39)
  15th Transport Squadron (C-39)
Lawson Field, Fort Benning, Columbus
   15th Bombardment Squadron (Light) (A-20)
   16th Observation Squadron (O-47, O-49)
   97th Observation Squadron (O-47, O-49, O-52, O-57)
  128th Observation Squadron, Ga NG (BC-1, O-38, O-46)
Savannah Air Base, Savannah
  HQ III Air Support Command
   3d  Bombardment Group (Light)
   8th Bombardment Squadron (Light) (A-20, A-24)
  13th Bombardment Squadron (Light) (A-20)
  89th Bombardment Squadron (Light) (A-20)
  90th Bombardment Squadron (Light) (A-20)

GROUND ECHELONS ENROUTE FROM U.S. TO OVERSEAS
---------------------------------------------
Enroute to Newfoundland
  49th Bombardment Squadron (Heavy)
Enroute to Philippine Islands
   7th Bombardment Group (Heavy)
  35th Pursuit Group (Interceptor)
  22d  Bombardment Squadron (Heavy)
  38th Reconnaissance Squadron (Heavy)
  88th Reconnaissance Squadron (Heavy)

ICELAND, Reykjavik Airport, Reykjavik
-------------------------------------
33d Pursuit Squadron (Interceptor) (P-40)

IDAHO
-----
Gowen Field, Boise
  42d  Bombardment Group (Medium)
  16th Reconnaissance Squadron (Medium) (B-18, B-26)
  75th Bombardment Squadron (Medium) (B-18)
  76th Bombardment Squadron (Medium) (B-26)
  77th Bombardment Squadron (Medium) (B-26)

ILLINOIS, Chicago Municipal Airport, Chicago
--------------------------------------------
108th Observation Squadron, Ill NG (O-31, O-47, O-49, O-52)

INDIANA, Baer Field, Fort Wayne
-------------------------------
31st Pursuit Group (Interceptor)
39th Pursuit Squadron (Interceptor) (P-39)
40th Pursuit Squadron (Interceptor) (P-39)
41st Pursuit Squadron (Interceptor) (P-39)

KANSAS
------
Marshall Field, Fort Riley, Junction City
  1st Observation Squadron (O-47, O-49)
Sherman Field, Fort Leavenworth, Leavenworth
  124th Observation Squadron, Iowa NG (BC-1, O-38, O-47)
  127th Observation Squadron, Kans NG (BC-1, O-38, O-46)

KENTUCKY
--------
Bowman Field, Louisville
  HQ V Air Support Command
  46th Bombardment Group (Light)
  50th Bombardment Squadron (Light) (A-20)
  51st Bombardment Squadron (Light) (A-20)
  53d  Bombardment Squadron (Light) (A-20)
  87th Bombardment Squadron (Light) (A-20)
Godman Field, Fort Knox, Louisville
  73d  Observation Group
  12th Observation Squadron (O-38, O-47, O-49, O-52, YO-54, O-57, O-59)

LOUISIANA
---------
Esler Field, Camp Beauregard, Alexandria
   67th Observation Group
  107th Observation Squadron, Mich NG (C-45, O-47, O-49)
  109th Observation Squadron, Minn NG (O-47, O-49, O-58)
  122d  Observation Squadron, La NG (BC-1, O-38, O-46, O-47)
Harding Field, Baton Rouge
  58th Pursuit Group (Interceptor)
  67th Pursuit Squadron (Interceptor) (P-36)
  68th Pursuit Squadron (Interceptor) (P-40)
  69th Pursuit Squadron (Interceptor) (P-35, P-36, P-39)
New Orleans Army Air Base (New Orleans Airport), New Orleans
  30th Bombardment Group (Heavy)
   2d  Reconnaissance Squadron (Heavy) (B-17)
  21st Bombardment Squadron (Heavy) (A-29)
  27th Bombardment Squadron (Heavy) (A-29)
  38th Bombardment Squadron (Heavy) (B-18)

MAINE, Dow Field, Bangor
------------------------
  43d  Bombardment Group (Heavy)
  13th Reconnaissance Squadron (Heavy) (B-18)
  63d  Bombardment Squadron (Heavy) (LB-30)
  64th Bombardment Squadron (Heavy) (B-18)
  65th Bombardment Squadron (Heavy) (B-17)

MARYLAND, Detrick Field, Frederick
----------------------------------
  104th Observation Squadron, Md NG (O-46, O-47, O-49, O-59)

MASSACHUSETTS
-------------
Fort Devens Army Airfield, Fort Devens, Ayer
  152d  Observation Squadron, RI NG (BC-1, O-47, O-49, O-52, O-58)
Otis Field, Camp Edwards, Falmouth
  101st Observation Squadron, Mass NG (O-46, O-47, O-49, O-59)
Westover Field, Chicopee Falls
  34th Bombardment Group, (Heavy)
  60th Transport Group
   1st Reconnaissance Squadron (Heavy) (B-17)
   4th Bombardment Squadron (Heavy) (B-17)
   7th Bombardment Squadron (Heavy) (B-17)
  10th Transport Squadron (unknown aircraft)
  18th Bombardment Squadron (Heavy) (B-17)

MICHIGAN, Selfridge Field, Mount Clemens
----------------------------------------
 1st Pursuit Group (Fighter)
52d  Pursuit Group (Interceptor)
 2d  Pursuit Squadron (Interceptor) (P-40)
 4th Pursuit Squadron (Interceptor) (P-40)
 5th Pursuit Squadron (Interceptor) (P-40)
11th Transport Squadron (unknown aircraft)
27th Pursuit Squadron (Fighter) (P-38)
71st Pursuit Squadron (Fighter) (P-38)
94th Pursuit Squadron (Fighter) (P-38)

MISSISSIPPI
-----------
Jackson Army Air Base (Municipal Airport), Jackson
  38th Bombardment Group (Medium)
  15th Reconnaissance Squadron (Medium) (B-26)
  69th Bombardment Squadron (Medium) (B-26)
  70th Bombardment Squadron (Medium) (B-26)
  71st Bombardment Squadron (Medium) (B-26)
Key Field, Meridian
   50th Pursuit Group (Interceptor)
   10th Pursuit Squadron (Interceptor) (BT-13, P-35)
   11th Pursuit Squadron (Interceptor) (P-36, P-40)
   12th Pursuit Squadron (Interceptor) (unknown aircraft)
  113th Observation Squadron, Ind NG (O-47, O-49, O-52)
  153d  Observation Squadron, Miss NG (O-47, O-49, O-52, O-58)

NEW HAMPSHIRE, Grenier Field (Manchester Airport), Manchester
-------------------------------------------------------------
45th Bombardment Group (Light)
78th Bombardment Squadron (Light) (A-20, DB-7)
79th Bombardment Squadron (Light) (A-20, DB-7)
80th Bombardment Squadron (Light) (A-20, DB-7)
92d  Bombardment Squadron (Light) (A-20)

NEW JERSEY
----------
Fort Dix Army Airfield, Fort Dix, Wrightstown
  126th Observation Squadron, Wisc NG (BC-1, O-46, O-49, O-59)
Newark Municipal Airport, Newark
  119th Observation Squadron, NJ NG (O-47, O-49, O-52)

NEW YORK
--------
Mitchel Field, Hemstead, Long Island
  HQ 1st Air Force
  HQ I Air Support Command
  HQ I Interceptor Command
   8th Pursuit Group (Interceptor)
  33d  Pursuit Group (Interceptor)
  12th Transport Squadron (unknown aircraft)
  35th Pursuit Squadron (Interceptor) (P-39)
  36th Pursuit Squadron (Interceptor) (P-39)
  49th Bombardment Squadron (Heavy) air echelon only (B-17)
  58th Pursuit Squadron (Interceptor) (P-40)
  59th Pursuit Squadron (Interceptor) (P-40)
  60th Pursuit Squadron (Interceptor) (P-40)
Wheeler-Sack Field, Pine Camp, Great Bend
  91st Observation Squadron (O-46, O-47, O-49, O-52)

NEWFOUNDLAND, Newfoundland Airport, Gander Lake
-----------------------------------------------
41st Reconnaissance Squadron (Heavy) (B-17B)

NORTH CAROLINA
--------------
Camp Davis, Wilmington
  3d Barrage Balloon Squadron (various balloons)
Douglas Field, Charlotte
  56th Pursuit Group (Interceptor)
  61st Pursuit Squadron (Interceptor) (P-39, P-40)
  62d  Pursuit Squadron (Interceptor) (P-39, P-40)
  63d  Pursuit Squadron (Interceptor) (P-39, P-40)
Pope Field, Fort Bragg, Fayetteville
    2d  Balloon Squadronn (various balloons)
   59th Observation Group
  112th Observation Squadron, Ohio NG (O-47, O-49, O-57)

OHIO
----
Patterson Field, Dayton
  10th Transport Group
    1st Transport Squadron (C-39, C-47)
Wright Field, Dayton
  HQ 50th Transport Wing
    5th Transport Squadron (C-39, C-47)

OKLAHOMA
--------
Post Field, Fort Sill, Lawton
   15th Observation Squadron (O-43, O-47, O-49, O-52)
  125th Observation Squadron, Okla NG (BC-1, O-38, O-47)
  154th Observation Squadron, Ark NG (O-38, O-47, O-49, O-57)
Will Rogers Field, Oklahoma City
  HQ II Air Support Command
  48th Bombardment Group (Light)
  55th Bombardment Squadron (Light) (A-20)
  56th Bombardment Squadron (Light) (A-20)
  57th Bombardment Squadron (Light) (A-20)
  88th Bombardment Squadron (Light) (A-20)

OREGON
------
Pendleton Army Air Base (Municipal Airport), Pendleton
  17th Bombardment Group (Medium)
  34th Bombardment Squadron (Medium) (B-25)
  37th Bombardment Squadron (Medium) (B-25)
  89th Reconnaissance Squadron (Medium) (B-25)
  95th Bombardment Squadron (Medium) (B-25)
Portland Army Air Base (Portland-Columbia Airport), Portland
  55th Pursuit Group (Interceptor)
  16th Transport Squadron (C-47)
  37th Pursuit Squadron (Interceptor) (P-43)
  38th Pursuit Squadron (Interceptor) (P-43)
  54th Pursuit Squadron (Interceptor) (P-36, P-40, P-43)

PANAMA
------
Aguadulce
  74th Bombardment Squadron (Heavy) (B-18)
Chorrera
  30th Pursuit Squadron (Interceptor) (P-40)
Rio Hato
  32d Pursuit Group (Fighter)
  51st Pursuit Squadron (Fighter) (P-36)
  52d  Pursuit Squadron (Fighter) (P-36)
  53d  Pursuit Squadron (Fighter) (P-36)

PENNSYLVANIA
------------
Harrisburg Municipal Airport, Harrisburg
  103d  Observation Squadron, Pa NG (O-46, O-47, O-49, O-57)
Olmsted Field, Middletown
  2d  Transport Squadron (C-39, C-47)
  6th Transport Squadron (C-39, C-53)

PHILIPPINE ISLANDS
------------------
Clark Field, Fort Stotsenberg, Luzon
  HQ V Bomber Command
  19th Bombardment Group (Heavy)
  24th Pursuit Group (Interceptor)
  14th Bombardment Squadron (Heavy) (B-17)
  20th Pursuit Squadron (Interceptor) (P-40B)
  28th Bombardment Squadron (Heavy) (B-17)
  30th Bombardment Squadron (Heavy) (B-17)
  93d  Bombardment Squadron (Heavy) (B-17)
Del Carmen Field, Luzon
  34th Pursuit Squadron (Interceptor) (P-35)
Fort Willaim McKinley, Luzon
  27th Bombardment Group (Light)
  16th Bombardment Squadron (Light) (none)
  17th Bombardment Squadron (Light) (none)
  91st Bombardment Squadron (Light) (none)
Iba Airfield, Luzon
  3d  Pursuit Squadron (Interceptor) (P-40E)
Nichols Field, Luzon
  HQ Far East Air Force
   2d  Observation Squadron (O-46, O-52)
  17th Pursuit Squadron (Interceptor) (P-40E)
  21st Pursuit Squadron (Interceptor) (P-40E)
Nielson Field, Luzon
  HQ 5th Interceptor Command (Provisional)

PUERTO RICO
-----------
Borinquen Field, Punta Borinquen
  HQ VI Interceptor Command
  25th Bombardment Group (Heavy)
  40th Bombardment Group (Medium)
  10th Bombardment Squadron (Heavy) (B-18)
   5th Reconnaissance Squadron (Medium) (B-18)
  27th Reconnaissance Squadron (Heavy) (B-18)
  29th Bombardment Squadron (Medium) (B-18)
  44th Bombardment Squadron (Medium) (B-18)
  45th Bombardment Squadron (Medium) (B-18)
Losey Field, Ponce
  36th Pursuit Group (Interceptor)
   4th Observation Squadron (O-47, O-52)
  22d Pursuit Squadron (Interceptor) (P-36)
  23d Pursuit Squadron (Interceptor) (P-36)
  32d Pursuit Squadron (Interceptor) (P-36)

RHODE ISLAND, Providence
------------------------
26th Observation Group

SOUTH CAROLINA, Owens Field, Columbia
-------------------------------------
 65th Observation Group
105th Observation Squadron, Tenn NG (O-38, O-47, O-49, O-52)
121st Observation Squadron, DC NG (AT-6, O-38, O-46, O-47, O-58)

SURINAM, Zandery Field
----------------------
99th Bombardment Squadron (Heavy) (B-18)

TERRITORY OF ALASKA, Elmendorf Field, Fort Richardson, Anchorage
----------------------------------------------------------------
28th Composite Group
18th Pursuit Squadron (Interceptor) (20 P-36s)
36th Bombardment Squadron (Heavy) (6 B-18As)
73d  Bombardment Squadron (Medium) (6 B-18As)

TERRITORY OF HAWAII
-------------------
Bellows Field, Waimanlo Military Reservation, Oahu
  44th Pursuit Squadron (Interceptor) (P-40B, P-40C)
  86th Observation Squadron (B-12, O-47, O-49)
Hickam Field, Honolulu
  HQ Hawaiian Air Force
  18th Bombardment Wg
   5th Bombardment Group (Heavy)
  11th Bombardment Group (Heavy)
   4th Reconnaissance Squadron (Heavy) (B-17, B-18)
  19th Transport Squadron (C-33)
  23d  Bombardment Squadron (Heavy) (B-17, B-18)
  26th Bombardment Squadron (Heavy) (B-17, B-18)
  31st Bombardment Squadron (Heavy) (B-17, B-18)
  42d  Bombardment Squadron (Heavy) (B-17, B-18)
  50th Reconnaissance Squadron (Heavy) (B-17, B-18)
  58th Bombardment Squadron (Light) (A-20)
  72d  Bombardment Squadron (Heavy) (B-17, B-18))
Wheeler Field, Schofield Barracks, Oahu
  14th Pursuit Wg
  15th Pursuit Group (Fighter)
  18th Pursuit Group (Interceptor)
   6th Pursuit Squadron (Interceptor) (P-40B)
  19th Pursuit Squadron (Interceptor) (P-40B, P-40C)
  45th Pursuit Squadron (Fighter) (P-36A)
  46th Pursuit Squadron (Fighter) (P-36A, P-40B)
  47th Pursuit Squadron (Fighter) (P-40B, P-36A)
  72d  Pursuit Squadron (Interceptor) (none)
  73d  Pursuit Squadron (Interceptor) (P-40B)
  78th Pursuit Squadron (Interceptor) (P-40B)

TEXAS
-----
Biggs Field, Fort Bliss, El Paso
  120th Observation Squadron, Colo NG (O-47, O-49)
Brooks Field, San Antonio
  22d  Observation Squadron (O-46, O-49, O-52)
Brownwood Airfield, Brownwood
   68th Observation Group
  111th Observation Squadron, Tex NG (O-43, O-47, O-49, O-52, O-59)
Duncan Field, San Antonio
  3d Transport Squadron (C-39)

U.S. VIRGIN ISLANDS, Benedict Field, St Croix
---------------------------------------------
12th Bombardment Squadron (Heavy) (B-18)

UTAH, Hill Field, Ogden
-----------------------
8th Transport Squadron (C-39)

VIRGINIA, Langley Field, Hampton
--------------------------------
 HQ I Bomber Command
 2d  Bombardment Group (Heavy)
22d  Bombardment Group (Medium)
 2d  Bombardment Squadron (Medium) (B-26)
 3d  Observation Squadronn (O-43, O-47, O-49, O-52)
18th Reconnaissance Squadron (Medium) (B-26)
19th Bombardment Squadron (Medium) (B-26)
20th Bombardment Squadron (Heavy) (B-17)
33d  Bombardment Squadron (Medium) (B-26)
41st Reconnaissance Squadron (Heavy) (B-17)
96th Bombardment Squadron (Heavy) (B-17)

WASHINGTON
----------
Fort George Wright, Spokane
  HQ 2d Air Force
  HQ II Bomber Command
Fort Lawton, Seattle
  HQ II Interceptor Command
Geiger Field, Spokane
  39th Bombardment Group (Heavy)
  12th Reconnaissance Squadron (Heavy) (B-17)
  60th Bombardment Squadron (Heavy) (B-17)
  61st Bombardment Squadron (Heavy) (B-17)
  62d  Bombardment Squadron (Heavy) (B-17)
Gray Field, Fort Lewis, Tacoma
    2d  Photographic Squadron (F-2)
   70th Observation Group
  116th Observation Squadron, Wash NG (O-47, O-49)
  123d  Observation Squadron, Ore NG (BC-1, O-46)
McChord Field, Tacoma
  12th Bombardment Group (Light)
  81st Bombardment Squadron (Light) (B-18)
  82d  Bombardment Squadron (Light) (B-18, PT-17)
  83d  Bombardment Squadron (Light) (B-18, B-23)
  94th Bombardment Squadron (Light) (B-18, B-23)
Paine Field, Everett
  54th Pursuit Group (Interceptor)
  42d  Pursuit Squadron (Interceptor) (P-39)
  56th Pursuit Squadron (Interceptor) (P-39)
  57th Pursuit Squadron (Interceptor) (P-39)

VI. FEDERALIZED NATIONAL GUARD UNITS
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Alabama National Guard
  106th Observation Sqd, Birmingham AAB, Ala (O-47, O-49)

Arkansas National Guard
  154th Observation Sqd, Post Fld, Okla (O-38, O-47, O-49, O-57)

California National Guard
  115th Observation Sqd, Sherwood Fld, Calif (BC-1, O-38, O-47, O-49)

Colorado National Guard
  120th Observation Sqd, Biggs Fld, Tex (O-47, O-49)

Connecticut National Guard
  118th Observation Sqd, Jacksonville AAB, Fla (C-45, O-46, O-47, O-49, O-52,
    O-58, O-59)

District of Columbia National Guard
  121st Observation Sqd, Owens Fld, SC (AT-6, O-38, O-46, O-47, O-58)

Georgia National Guard
  128th Observation Sqd, Lawson Fld, Ga (BC-1, O-38, O-46)

Illinois National Guard
  108th Observation Sqd, Chicago MAP, Il (O-31, O-47, O-49, O-52)

Indiana National Guard
  113th Observation Sqd, Key Fld, Miss (O-47, O-49, O-52)

Iowa National Guard
  124th Observation Sqd, Sherman Fld, Kans (BC-1, O-38, O-47)

Kansas National Guard
  127th Observation Sqd, Sherman Fld, Kans (BC-1, O-38, O-46)

Louisiana National Guard
  122d Observation Sqd, Esler Fld, La (BC-1, O-38, O-46, O-47)

Maryland National Guard
  104th Observation Sqd, Detrick Fld, Md (O-46, O-47, O-49, O-59)

Massachusetts National Guard
  101st Observation Sqd, Otis Fld, Mass (O-46, O-47, O-49, O-59)

Michigan National Guard
  107th Observation Sqd, Esler Fld, La (C-45, O-47, O-49)

Minnesota National Guard
  109th Observation Sqd, Esler Fld, La (O-47, O-49, O-58)

Mississippi National Guard
  153d Observation Sqd, Key Fld, Miss (O-47, O-49, O-52, O-58)

Missouri National Guard
  110th Observation Sqd, Adam Fld, Ark (O-47, O-49)

New Jersey National Guard
  119th Observation Sqd, Newark Mun Arpt, NJ (O-47, O-49, O-52)

New York National Guard
  102d Observation Sqd, Reilly Fld, Ala (C-45, O-46, O-49, O-57)

Ohio National Guard
  112th Observation Sqd, Pope Fld, NC (O-47, O-49, O-57)

Oklahoma National Guard
  125th Observation Sqd, Post Fld, Okla (BC-1, O-38, O-47)

Oregon National Guard
  123d Observation Sqd, Gray Fld, Wash (BC-1, O-46)

Pennsylvania National Guard
  103d Observation Sqd, Harrisburg MAP, Pa (O-46, O-47, O-49, O-57)

Rhode Island National Guard
  152d Observation Sqd, Ft Devens AAFld, Mass (BC-1, O-47, O-49, O-52, O-58)

Tennessee National Guard
  105th Observation Sqd, Owens Fld, SC (O-38, O-47, O-49, O-52)

Texas National Guard
  111th Observation Sqd, Brownwood Afld, Tex (O-43, O-47, O-49, O-52, O-59)

Washington National Guard
  116th Observation Sqd, Gray Field, Wash (O-47, O-49)

Wisconsin National Guard
  126th Observation Sqd, Ft Dix AAFld, NJ (BC-1, O-46, O-47, O-59)

-------------------------------------------------------------------
|  Jack McKillop         |  Those who have long enjoyed such      |
|  Bellcore              |  privileges as we enjoy forget in      |
|  Piscataway, NJ USA    |  time that men have died to win them.  |
|  jem3@cc.bellcore.com  |                       FDR              |
-------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 7 Dec 1993 07:13:37 -0500
From:    jem3@CC.BELLCORE.COM
Subject: AIRCRAFT CARRIERS

On 7 December 1941, the U.S. Navy had seven Aircraft Carriers (CVs) and one
Aircraft Escort Vessel (AVG) in commission. The CVs were considered warships;
the AVG was considered an auxiliary vessel. In addition to these eight ships,
the keels of five other CVs had been laid.

The names, history, status and aviation units of each of these ships is
described below.


USS LEXINGTON, Aircraft Carrier Number 2 (CV-2)
-----------------------------------------------
The keel of this ship was laid down at the Fore River Shipbuilding Co.,
Quincy, Massachusetts on 8 Jan 21 as Constitution, Battle Cruiser, First Line
Number 1 (CC-1). Because of the limitations defined in the Washington Naval
Treaty signed in 1922, she was authorized to be completed as an aircraft
carrier on 1 Jul 22 and was renamed Lexington. The Lexington was launched on
3 Oct 25 and commissioned 14 Dec 27.

On 7 Dec 41, the Lexington Air Group was composed of:

  Bombing Squadron Two (VB-2) with 15 Douglas SBD-2 Dauntless'
  Fighting Squadron Two (VF-2) with 16 Brewster F2A-3 Buffalo's
  Scouting Squadron Two (VS-2) with 1 Douglas SBD-2 and 14 SBD-3 Dauntless'
  Torpedo Squadron Two (VT-2) with 12 Douglas TBD-1 Devastator's

In order to augment the air defenses for Midway Island, USS Lexington
departed Pearl Harbor on 5 Dec with 18 Vought SB2U-3 Vindicators of Marine
Scout- or  Dive-Bomber Squadron Two Thirty One (VMSB-231) aboard.  Along with
the heavy cruisers USS Chicago (CA-29), USS Portland (CA-33) and USS Astoria
(CA-34) and five destroyers, the Lexington formed Task Force 12.  The plan
was to approach within 400 miles (640 km) of Midway and fly the Marine
squadron off to land on the island; Lexington would then be free to continue
training/scouting.  This position would have been reached by mid-morning of
7 Dec.  Upon learning of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, the Lexington
launched search planes to hunt for the Japanese fleet, and at midmorning
headed south to rendezvous with USS Indianapolis (CA-35) and USS Enterprise
(CV-6) task forces to conduct a search SOUTHWEST of Oahu until returning to
Pearl Harbor on 13 Dec.                ^^^^^^^^^

USS Lexington was sunk by aerial bombs and torpedoes during the Battle of
the Coral Sea, 8 May 42.  Her name was struck from the Naval Register on 24
Jun 42.


USS SARATOGA, Aircraft Carrier Number 3 (CV-3)
----------------------------------------------
The Saratoga was a sister ship of the Lexington and her keel was originally
laid down as a Battle Cruiser, First Line Number 3 (CC-3) on 25 Sep 20 at
the New York Shipbuilding Corp., Camden, New Jersey. She  was ordered
converted to an aircraft carrier and reclassified CV-3 on 1 Jul 22; Saratoga
was launched on 7 Apr 25 and commissioned on 16 Nov 27.

On 7 Dec 41, USS Saratoga was just entering San Diego after an interim
drydocking at Bremerton, Washington. The Saratoga Air Group consisted of:

  Bombing Squadron Three (VB-3) with 21 Douglas SBD-3 Dauntless'
  Fighting Squadron Three (VF-3) with 7 Grumman F4F-3 and 2 F4F-3A Wildcats
  Scouting Squadron Three (VS-3) with 22 Douglas SBD-3 Dauntless'
  Torpedo Squadron Three (VT-3) with 12 Douglas TBD-1 Devastators

USS Saratoga survived World War II and was used as a test ship at the
Bikini A-bomb tests in Jul 46. She sank in Bikini Atoll on 25 Jul 46 and
her name was struck from the Naval Register on 15 Aug 46.

USS RANGER, Aircraft Carrier Number 4 (CV-4)
--------------------------------------------
The Ranger was the first U.S. Navy ship to be designed and built from the
keel up as an aircraft carrier.  Her keel was laid at the Newport News
Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Co, Newport News, Virginia on 26 Sep 31; she was
launched on 25 Feb 33 and commissioned on 4 Jun 34.

USS Ranger was returning to Norfolk, Virginia from an ocean patrol extending
to Port-of-Spain, Trinidad, British West Indies when the Japanese attacked
Pearl Harbor.  At that time, the Ranger Air Group consisted of:

  Fighting Squadron Five (VF-5) with 18 Grumman F4F-3 and 1 F4F-3A Wildcats
  Fighting Squadron Forty One (VF-41) with 17 Grumman F4F-3 Wildcats and 2
    North American SNJ-3 Texans
  Scouting Squadron Forty One (VS-41) with 8 Vought SB2U-1 and 2 SB2U-2
    Vindicators
  Scouting Squadron Forty Two (VS-42) with 9 Vought SB2U-1 and 6 SB2U-2
    Vindicators
  Torpedo Squadron Four (VT-4) with 3 Douglas TBD-1 Devastators

Speed was sacrificed for other essentials under the Washington Naval Treaty
reducing the efficiency of the Ranger as a fleet carrier. She spent the war
in the Atlantic until 1944 and then was used as a training carrier. She was
decommissioned 18 Oct 46; her name was struck from the Naval Register on 29
Oct 46; and she was sold for scrap 28 Jan 47.


USS YORKTOWN, Aircraft Carrier Number 5 (CV-5)
----------------------------------------------
The keel of the Yorktown was laid down on at the Newport News Shipbuilding
and Dry Dock Co., Newport News, Virginia on 21 May 34, she was launched on
4 Apr 36 and commissioned on 30 Sep 37.

USS Yorktown was at Norfolk, Virginia on 7 Dec 41. The Yorktown Air Group
consisted of:

  Bombing Squadron Five (VB-5) with 19 Douglas SBD-3 Dauntless'
  Fighting Squadron Forty Two (VF-42) with 18 Grumman F4F-3 Wildcats
  Scouting Squadron Five (VS-5) with 19 Douglas SBD-3 Dauntless' and 2
    North American SNJ-3 Texans
  Torpedo Squadron Five (VT-5) with 14 Douglas TBD-1 Devastators

USS Yorktown was sunk by aerial bombs and torpedoes during the Battle of
Midway, 7 Jun 42. Her name was struck from the Naval Register on 2 Oct 42.

USS ENTERPRISE, Aircraft Carrier Number 6 (CV-6)
------------------------------------------------
The Enterprise was a sister ship of the Yorktown.  Her keel was laid at the
Newport News Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Co., Newport News, Virginia on 16
Jul 34, she was launched 3 Oct 36 and commissioned 12 May 38.

USS Enterprise departed Pearl Harbor on 28 Nov 41 on a mission to deliver 12
Grumman F4F-3 Wildcats of Marine Fighting Squadron Two Eleven (VMF-211) to
Wake Island.  The Enterprise, with the accompanying three heavy cruisers and
nine destroyers, comprised Task Force 8 (TF 8).  The Marine fighters were
launched on 2 Dec when the Enterprise was 75 miles (120 km) north of Wake
Island.  She then turned east and headed back to Pearl Harbor where she was
due to arrive on 6 Dec.  Due to a storm, Vice Admiral William Halsey,
commander of TF 8 in Enterprise, ordered reduced speed thus delaying the
carrier's arrival at Pearl Harbor until 7 Dec.

On 7 Dec 41, the Enterprise Air Group consisted of:

  Bombing Squadron Six (VB-6) with 17 Douglas SBD-2 Dauntless'
  Fighting Squadron Six (VF-6) with 16 Grumman F4F-3A Wildcats
  Scouting Squadron Six (VS-6) with 10 Douglas SBD-2 and 8 SBD-3 Dauntless'
  Torpedo Squadron Six (VT-6) with 18 Douglas TBD-1 Devastators and 2 North
    American SNJ-3 Texans

At 0618 on 7 Dec 41, Enterprise launched SBDs of VB-6 and VS-6 to search a
sector 045 to 134 degrees for a distance of 150 miles (240 km) and to then
proceed to NAS Pearl Harbor on Ford Island.  A total of 18 aircraft arrived
over Pearl Harbor during the Japanese attack.  One was shot down by U.S.
antiaircraft fire, four by the Japanese and one crash-landed.  The remainder
landed at either NAS Ewa or NAS Pearl Harbor.

The Enterprise survived World War II and was decommissioned on 17 Feb 47.
She was reclassified Attack Aircraft Carrier No. 6 (CVA-6) on 1 Oct 52 and
Antisubmarine Warfare Support Carrier No. 6 (CVS-6) on 8 Aug 53. Her name
was struck from the Naval Register on 2 Oct 56 and her hull was sold for
scrapping on 1 Jul 58.

USS WASP, Aircraft Carrier Number 7 (CV-7)
------------------------------------------
The Wasp was built at Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corp, Quincy, Massachusetts.
Her keel was laid down on 1 Apr 36; she was launched 4 Apr 39; and
commissioned on 25 Apr 40.  USS Wasp was at anchor in Grassy Bay, Bermuda
on 7 Dec 41. The Wasp Air Group consisted of:

  Fighting Squadron Seventy One (VF-71) with 18 Grumman F4F-3 Wildcats
  Fighting Squadron Seventy Two (VF-72) with 17 Grumman F4F-3 Wildcats, 2
    Vought SB2U-2 Vindicators and 1 North American SNJ-3 Texan
  Scouting Squadron Seventy One (VS-71) with 4 Vought SB2U-1 and 13 SB2U-2
    Vindicators and 2 Douglas TBD-1 Devastators
  Scouting Squadron Seventy Two (VS-72) with 18 Vought SB2U-3 Vindicators

USS Wasp was hit by two torpedoes fired from the Japanese submarine I-19 on
15 Sep 42 while operating off Guadalcanal Island in the Solomon Islands.
The flaming hull was torpedoed and sunk by the U.S. destroyer USS Landsdowne
later that day. Her name was struck from the Naval Register on 2 Nov 42.

USS HORNET, Aircraft Carrier Number 8 (CV-8)
--------------------------------------------
The Hornet was built at Newport News Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Co, Newport
News, Virginia.  Her keel was laid on 25 Sep 39; she was launched 14 Dec 40;
and commissioned 20 Oct 41.  Based at Norfolk, Virginia, USS Hornet was
undergoing training cruises during Dec 41.  The Hornet Air Group consisted
of:

  Bombing Squadron Eight (VB-8) with 19 Curtiss SBC-4 Helldivers
  Fighting Squadron Eight (VF-8) with 19 Grumman F4F-3 and 2 F4F-3A Wildcats
  Scouting Squadron Eight (VS-8) with 20 Curtiss SBC-4 Helldivers
  Torpedo Squadron Eight (VT-8) with 8 Douglas TBD-1 Devastators and 7
    Naval Aircraft Factory SBN-1s

The SBC-4 Helldivers operated by VB-8 and VS-8 were biplanes with a maximum
speed of 237 mph (379 km/h).

USS Hornet was sunk by torpedoes and bombs off Santa Cruz Island on 26 Oct
42.  Her name was struck from the Naval Register on 13 Jan 43.

USS LONG ISLAND, Aircraft Escort Vessel Number 1 (AVG-1)
--------------------------------------------------------
Long Island was built at Sun Shipbuilding & Dry Dock Co., Chester,
Pennsylvania.  Her keel was laid 7 Jul 39 as the merchant vessel SS
Mormacmail.  Launched on 11 Jan 40, she was acquired by the US Navy on 6 Mar
41.  Converted to an AVG at the Newport News Shipbuilding & Dry Dock Co,
Newport News, Virginia, she was commissioned USS Long Island, AVG-1, the
first Jeep Carrier, on 2 Jun 41.

USS Long Island was based at Norfolk, Virginia on 7 Dec 41. Aboard was
Scouting Squadron Two Hundred One (VS-201) with 12 Curtiss SOC-3A and 1
SOC-1A Seagulls and 7 Brewster F2A-3 Buffalo's.

USS Long Island survived World War II.  She was reclassified Auxiliary
Aircraft Carrier No. 1 (ACV-1) on 20 Aug 42 and Escort Aircraft Carrier No.
1 (CVE-1) on 15 Jul 43.  Decommissioned 26 Mar 46, her name was struck from
the Naval Register on 12 Apr 46 and she was sold on 24 Apr 47.  Her new
owners converted her back to a merchant ship and she sailed in that
configuration for a number of years.



In addition to the eight commissioned vessels listed above, the keels of
five Essex Class carriers had been laid down. These five ships, all of
which survived World War II,  were:


ESSEX, Aircraft Carrier Number 9 (CV-9)
---------------------------------------
Essex was under construction at the Newport News Shipbuilding and Dry Dock
Co., Newport News, Virginia.  Her keel had been laid on 28 Apr 41.

Essex was launched on 31 Jul 42 and commissioned 31 Dec 42.  She
decommissioned 9 Jan 47 and recommissioned 15 Jan 51.  Reclassified Attack
Aircraft Carrier 9 (CVA-9) on 1 Oct 52 and Antisubmarine Warfare Support
Carrier 9 (CVS-9) on 8 Mar 60, USS Essex decommissioned for the last time
on 30 Jun 69.  Her name was struck from the Naval Register on 15 Jun 75
and she was sold for scrap.


BON HOMME RICHARD, Aircraft Carrier Number 10 (CV-10)
-----------------------------------------------------
Bon Homme Richard was under construction at the Newport News Shipbuilding
and Dry Dock Co., Newport News, Virginia.  Her keel had been laid on 1 Dec
41.

Bon Homme Richard was renamed Yorktown on 26 Sep 42 to commemorate USS
Yorktown (CV-5) (see above).  Yorktown was launched 21 Jan 43 and
commissioned 15 Apr 43.  She was decommissioned 9 Jan 47 and reclassified
Attack Aircraft Carrier 10 (CVA-10) on 1 Oct 52.  Recommissioned in Feb 53,
she was reclassified Antisubmarine Warfare Support Carrier 10 (CVS-10) on 1
Sep 57.  USS Yorktown decommissioned for the last time on  30 Jun 70 and her
name was struck from the Naval Register on 1 Jun 73.  Yorktown is currently
a memorial at Patriots Point, South Carolina.


INTREPID, Aircraft Carrier Number 11 (CV-11)
--------------------------------------------
Intrepid was under construction at the Newport News Shipbuilding and Dry
Dock Co., Newport News, Virginia.  Her keel had been laid on 1 Dec 41.

Launched 26 Apr 43 and commissioned 16 Aug 43, Intrepid was decommissioned
on 22 Mar 47.  Recommissioned 9 Feb 42, she was reclassified Attack Aircraft
Carrier 11 (CVA-11) on 1 Oct 52 and Antisubmarine Warfare Support Carrier 11
(CVS-11) on 8 Dec 61.  USS Intrepid decommissioned for the last time on 15
Mar 74 and her name was subsequently struck from the Naval Register.
Intrepid is currently a museum in New York City.


CABOT, Aircraft Carrier Number 16 (CV-16)
-----------------------------------------
Cabot was under construction at the Bethlehem Steel Co, Quincy, Massachusetts.
Her keel had been laid on 15 Jul 41.

Cabot was renamed Lexington on 16 Jun 42 to commemorate USS Lexington (CV-2)
(see above).  Launched 26 Sep 42 and commissioned 17 Feb 43, Lexington was
decommissioned on 14 Apr 47 and reclassified Attack Aircraft Carrier No. 16
(CVA-16) on 1 Oct 52.  Recommissioned 15 Aug 55, she was reclassified
Antisubmarine Warfare Support Carrier No.  16 (CVS-16) on 1 Oct 62;
Training Aircraft Carrier No.  16 (CVT-16) on 1 Jan 69; and Auxiliary
Aircraft Landing Training Ship No.  16 (AVT-16) on 1 Jul 78.  Lexington
was decommissioned 8 Nov 91, struck and is now a museum at Corpus Christi,
Texas.


BUNKER HILL, Aircraft Carrier Number 17 (CV-17)
-----------------------------------------------
Bunker Hill was under construction at the Bethlehem Steel Co., Quincy,
Massachusetts.  Her keel had been laid on 15 Sep 41.

Bunker Hill was launched 7 Dec 42 and commissioned 25 May 43.
Decommissioned 9 Jul 47, she was reclassified Attack Aircraft Carrier No. 17
(CVA-17) on 1 Oct 52; Antisubmarine Warfare Support Carrier No. 17 (CVS-17)
on 8 Aug 53; and Auxiliary Aircraft Transport No. 9 (AVT-9) on 15 May 59.
Her name was struck from the Naval Register on 1 Nov 66 but she was retained
as a moored electronics ship in San Diego until being sold for scrapping in
Nov 73.

-------------------------------------------------------------------
|  Jack McKillop         |  Those who have long enjoyed such      |
|  Bellcore              |  privileges as we enjoy forget in      |
|  Piscataway, NJ USA    |  time that men have died to win them.  |
|  jem3@cc.bellcore.com  |                       FDR              |
-------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 7 Dec 1993 07:26:29 -0500
From:    jem3@CC.BELLCORE.COM
Subject: USAAF 7 DEC 43

COMBAT CHRONOLOGY OF THE US ARMY AIR FORCES
TUESDAY, 7 DECEMBER 1943
FTP SITES
  1. ftp.rutgers.edu in directory pub/wwii/usaf
  2. byrd.mu.wvnet.edu (129.71.32.152) in pub/history/military/airforce/
     wwii_chronology

AIRCRAFT MENTIONED IN THIS REPORT:
  A-20, Douglas Havoc
  A-36, North American Apache
  B-24, Consolidated Liberator
  B-25, North American Mitchell
  B-26, Martin Marauder
  P-40, Curtiss
  Ventura, Lockheed (RNZAF)

AMERICAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  ZONE OF INTERIOR: The Combined Chiefs of Staff (CCS) accept the US plan
for a strategic air command, the US Strategic Air Forces in Europe (USSAFE),
to coordinate the operations of the Eighth and Fifteenth Air Forces.

CENTRAL PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Seventh Air Force): During the night
of 6/7 Dec, 14 B-24's, staging through Tarawa Atoll in the Gilbert Islands,
hit targets on Maloelap and Wotje Atolls in the Marshall Islands. 6 B-24's
from Nukufetau Island in the Ellice Islands bomb Maloelap Atoll, and 1 other,
failing to reach the primary, drops bombs on Mille Atoll in the Caroline
Islands. This date marks the beginning of Operation FLINTLOCK (operations
against Kwajalein and Majuro Atolls in the Marshall Islands).

CHINA-BURMA-INDIA THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  CHINA (Fourteenth Air Force): In China, Changte is hit twice by a total of
13 B-25's and several escorting fighters. In Burma, 8 P-40's strafe freight
cars between Mogaung and Myitkyina.
  The detachment of the 76th Fighter Squadron, 23d Fighter Group, that has
been operating from Suichwan, China since Oct, returns to it's base at
Kweilin with P-40's.

MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  STRATEGIC OPERATIONS (Fifteenth Air Force): Heavy cloud cover severely
restricts operations. 1 B-26 attacks a bridge S of Arma di Taggia, Italy.

  TACTICAL OPERATIONS (Twelfth Air Force): In Italy, B-25's and A-36's
bomb the harbor and town of Civitavecchia; B-25's also attack Pescara,
hitting the railroad, road, and town area; A-36's, P-40's, and Royal Air
Force (RAF) Desert Air Force (DAF) fighters hit a gun position W of Orsogna,
the towns of Viticuso and San Vittoria, and a bridge at Civitella Roveto.

SOUTH PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Thirteenth Air Force): In the Solomon
Islands, 18 B-25's carry out strikes against Kahili and Kieta Harbor on
Bougainville Island. Torokina Island is bombed by 2 Royal New Zealand Air
Force (RNZAF) Ventura's on patrol.
  The 23d Bombardment Squadron (Heavy), 5th Bombardment Group (Heavy),
based on Espiritu Santo Island in the New Hebrides Islands with B-24's,
ceases operating from Guadalcanal Island in the Solomon Islands.

SOUTHWEST PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Fifth Air Force): On New Britain
Island in the Bismarck Archipelago, 90+ B-24's and B-25's attack the Cape
Gloucester and Borgen Bay areas. On New Guinea, A-20's bomb troop encampments
and dumps in the Finschhafen area; P-40's strafe boats and barges near Madang.
B-24's bomb the airfield and village on Haroekoe in the Moluccas Islands.

SOURCES:
AIR FORCE COMBAT UNITS OF WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force History,
  Headquarters USAF, 1961, ISBN 0-912799-02-1
COMBAT SQUADRONS OF THE AIR FORCE, WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force
  History, Headquarters USAF 1982
THE ARMY AIR FORCES IN WORLD WAR II: COMBAT CHRONOLOGY, 1941-1945 by the
  Office of Air Force History, Headquarters USAF, 1973
THE MIGHTY EIGHTH WAR DIARY by Roger A. Freeman, ISBN 1-85409-071-2

Jack McKillop
USAF (Airways and Air Communications Service)
1955-59

-------------------------------------------------------------------
|  Jack McKillop         |  Those who have long enjoyed such      |
|  Bellcore              |  privileges as we enjoy forget in      |
|  Piscataway, NJ USA    |  time that men have died to win them.  |
|  jem3@cc.bellcore.com  |                       FDR              |
-------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 7 Dec 1993 07:55:17 EST
From:    Ken Koester <MAINT2@ERS.BITNET>
Subject: Re: Pearl Harbor Day

On Mon, 6 Dec 1993 20:22:02 EST Chuck McCormick said:
>Once again Pearl Harbor Day is upon us. It's already been 2 years since the 50
>year anniversary festivities and I doubt the American media will give this
>year's commemoration much coverage.  While it would be easy and perhaps
>accurate
>to blame the lack of presscoverage on the lack of knowledge on the part of the
>press of the importance of World WarII (or other more cynical reasons) there
>is
>another possible reason for lack of news stories this year:lack of interest on
>the part of the public.  How does this list feel about this?

The question is ambiguous:  do you mean how we feel about the lack of coverage
or about the lack of interest? (-:

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 7 Dec 1993 13:45:03 MET
From:    Ireneusz Jakobik <SCUD@PLSZUS11.BITNET>
Subject: Gibraltar crash

On Mon, 6 Dec 1993 Lou Coatney wrote:

>      Sikorski died soon after, in July 1943, in a mysterious
> plane crash at Gibraltar.  Kim Philby, involved in counter-
> intelligence operations in the area, has been suggested as a
> coordinator of sabotage, but that has not (yet) been proven.

Later Emmanuel Gustin:

>I've read an investigation in this accident shortly ago -- In 'Aeroplane
>Monthly' or 'Flypast', one of both. According to this source, a bag was
>blown out through an open hatch (the aircraft of this time were rather
>draughty) and hit the tail, blocking the controls of Sikorsky's B-24.
>Yes, the hatch should have been closed, but there is no other evidence
>for sabotage.

Both British and Soviet government would be glad of Sikorski's death,
but the cause of B-24 crash wasn't a sabotage. A man who saw the accident
says that there was no explosion (bomb on board) but that soon after a
takeoff Liberator fall dawn into the sea. The only person who survived
was a Czech pilot, who had been thrown out the window by an impact when
the aircraft hit water. He still lives somewhere in the USA. During war
he used to smuggle goods in his aircraft. On that particular day (or rather
night) he put bags with furs into Liberator. After takeoff bags moved
to the aircraft's tail and blocked controls of a B-24.
There was a film about Gibraltar crash on Polish TV over half a year ago.
This story was told by General Sikorski's adiutant who saw the accident and
knew the Czech pilot very well.
-Irek.

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 7 Dec 1993 09:17:45 EST
From:    "William B. Thacker" <wbt@CBEMF.ATT.COM>
Subject: Re: Pearl Harbor Day

> History and remembrance isn't a part of the psyche it seems.  If the media
> can almost completely ignore the passing of Jimmy Doolittle, as just one
> more example, all we can truly expect today is maybe once again seeing
> that infamous clip of American divebombers dropping ordnance on Pearl
> Harbor and the Arizona.

I certainly wouldn't say that we Americans pay enough attention to history.
On the other hand, I don't think it's that big a deal just because the
media doesn't make a lot of hoopla over the 52nd anniversary of the Pearl
Harbor attack.

History, well, it gets old.  You can only keep someone interested in an
historical event for so long until they get bored of it.  For the general
population, 50 years ago is a long time ago.  WWII is going "over the
hill," basically.

Should it?  It's inevitable.  Quick; when did the US enter WWI?  When and
where was the Spanish-American War concluded?  What was the date that South
Carolina seceeded from the Union?  I could look these up, but I can't name
them offhand, and I don't feel very guilty about that.

It's unrealistic to expect the population in general, or the media in
particular, to remember everything that's ever happened.  The media can't
even present current events in a factual manner; how can we expect them to
remember (and interpret) history correctly?  That task is given over to
historians; it's up to them to preserve that knowledge and to remind us
when it's relevant.

So... if your newspaper doesn't mention Pearl Harbor today, write them a
letter.  Call your TV station if they overlook it.

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Bill Thacker             AT&T Network Systems       attmail!att!cbemf!wbt
(614) 860-5294           Columbus, Ohio              wbt@cbemf.att.com
                      Humpty Dumpty was pushed!

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 7 Dec 1993 09:56:13 EST
From:    Charles Reace <creace@ISD.CSC.COM>
Subject: Re: Pearl Harbor Day

> another possible reason for lack of news stories this year: lack of interest
> on the part of the public.  How does this list feel about this?

I agree that we need to remember WWII so that it may never happen again.
I do, however, feel we (the USA) have always placed an inordinate amount
of attention on Pearl Harbor, possibly because at the time it was such a
convenient motivational tool.  We constantly harp on the fact that it was
a surprise attack, like war is supposed to be civilized and such.  When's
the last time you heard a Pearl Harbor news report mention that "Oh, by
the way, earlier the same year Germany invaded its until that time ally
with a surprise attack"?  (i.e. Russia).

And the Pearl Harbor attack was a failure by both sides.  The US failed to
use its intelligence advantages to pre-empt the attack, and the Japanese
failed to inflict any damage on either the US carriers or its submarine
facilities; the two types of ships which inflicted by far the most damage
on the Japnaese navy.

Of course, the big importance of Pearl Harbor is that it got us into the
war at that point.  I suspect we would have gotten in anyway within the
coming year, but then that might have been too late.  If we are to have
continuing news reports on Pearl Harbor, I think they should minimimize
coverage of the attack itself, and maximize coverage of the events in
Europe and the far east over the preceding years that led to such a
situation where Pearl Harbor could occur.

As far as lack of interest, I suppose so.  The majority of the world's
population was not alive at the time, so it is becoming, unfortunately,
ancient history in a way to a lot of young people.  This would seem to
increase the need to remind people of the horror and stupidity of global
war, and make sure we all remember the events that led up to it.  But
then, saying all this to this list is like trying to convert the Pope to
Catholicism, eh?  B^)

  __|  __|  __|  |  Charles Reace <creace@isd.csc.com>
_|   _|   _|     |
 |       | |     |  Computer Sciences Corp., Integrated Systems Div.
 ___|____/ ___|  |  304 W. Rte. 38, Moorestown, NJ 08057

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 7 Dec 1993 09:08:30 CST
From:    "Robert J. Granvin" <rjg@UMNSTAT.STAT.UMN.EDU>
Subject: WANT: Info/Bio on Ofstie/6th Fleet

Looking again through the list of carriers at Pearl, etc., it reminds me
that I am looking for a bio or other information on Rear Admiral Ofstie,
who was either Commander or Vice Commander of the 6th Fleet during at least
a major portion of WWII.  I understand he passed away around 1956.

I am also looking for a very brief rundown of action seen by the 6th.
(I'm not Navy literate... :-)

It seems we have encountered a woman who was Ofstie's relative living
locally (either a sister or a cousin).  She has already donated several
original pictures she has of the Admiral and other interesting people,
such as Vandenberg and Doolittle (the former she dated for a while, I
guess... :-)  Doolittle used to visit her regularly up until the early
80's.

I also know that the Saratoga, Essex and Hornet are involved somehow as
we've apparently seen pictures of her on the deck of each of these... :-)

She has told us of her hopes to someday donate the rest of her collection.

I am curious just from an overall view.  In working with her, I'd like to
have at least a basic knowledge as to the actions of the 6th Fleet and a
little bit of background informationon the major players.  I hate going
into a probable Oral History interview with almost no information...

--
Robert J. Granvin                                    Southern Minnesota Wing
rjg@stat.umn.edu                                       Confederate Air Force

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 7 Dec 1993 09:40:14 -0600
From:    WILLIAM HUBER - SCDR <whuber@SADIS01.KELLY.AF.MIL>
Subject: Re: Salerno paper (long)

 n your message of  6 Dec 1993 at 2325 CST, you write:
> Hi everyone,
>
>         I heard enough people (including Larry) saying "Go ahead post it",
> I decided to. It's still a draft, so bear with me a little. If you want to
> send corrections of my grammar and spellling that's fine buy me but that's
> not what I really want. What I would like to know is "Did I miss
> anything? Is everything clear? And are my facts correct?". I would welcome

Howdy,

I think you have pretty much got the gist of it.  If the point of your
paper is to detail the reasons for not bombarding the invasion beaches
I would add that surprise was also compromised because the invasion
fleet spent the evening prior to the invasion within sight of the
island of Capri which was in German control.

I believe the US 45th and 34th divisions were also present although
the 36th spearheaded the assault.  This has no direct bearing on
preparatory bombardment but since you listed the divisions
participating you may as well list them all.  You could also mention
that Darby's Rangers were used at Amalfi to cut off the German exit
to Naples.  That too was quite a disaster resulting in heavy losses
to the Rangers but it was one of many disasters that occurred at
Salerno.

I would have your girlfriend, wife, significant other, etc go over
the paper before you turn it in.  There are a number of errors a
spell checker will not correct for you.  I realize that this is still
a draft but I always found it helpful to bounce it off people who
were not history experts to find places where more clarity was
needed.  I am certainly no one to talk about grammar errors but there
are places that I think will cause your instructor to be distracted
>from your thesis.

I am no expert on this operation but I did read _Salerno, A Military
Fiasco_ before visiting Salerno last year.  I'm certain you will get
a lot more detailed data from the members of this list.  The above
book is where I got the information about the German observers on
Capri being aware of the invasion fleet.

Best of luck,  Bill Huber
               whuber@sadis01.kelly.af.mil

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 7 Dec 1993 08:05:40 PST
From:    Peter Trott <peter@PDX.NCUBE.COM>
Subject: Re: Pearl Harbor Day

Re: lack of press coverage of Pearl Harbor Day.  One of the local radio
stations had a news item on it this morning with an interview with the
caretaker of the Arizona Memorial.  He expects large crowds of Japanese
tourists today, and thinks it is good that the Japanese people are
interested.  It was his assessment that the Japanese hear a lot about
Hiroshima and Nagasaki, but don't hear a lot about Pearl Harbor at home,
so he was glad they got a chance to visit the memorial and think about
the events there.

Peter Trott (peter@pdx.ncube.com)

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 7 Dec 1993 10:16:45 CST
From:    "Robert J. Granvin" <rjg@UMNSTAT.STAT.UMN.EDU>
Subject: Re: Pearl Harbor Day

> I certainly wouldn't say that we Americans pay enough attention to history.
> On the other hand, I don't think it's that big a deal just because the
> media doesn't make a lot of hoopla over the 52nd anniversary of the Pearl
> Harbor attack.
>
> History, well, it gets old.  You can only keep someone interested in an
> historical event for so long until they get bored of it.  For the general
> population, 50 years ago is a long time ago.  WWII is going "over the
> hill," basically.
>
> Should it?  It's inevitable.  Quick; when did the US enter WWI?  When and
> where was the Spanish-American War concluded?  What was the date that South
> Carolina seceeded from the Union?  I could look these up, but I can't name
> them offhand, and I don't feel very guilty about that.
>
> It's unrealistic to expect the population in general, or the media in
> particular, to remember everything that's ever happened.  The media can't
> even present current events in a factual manner; how can we expect them to
> remember (and interpret) history correctly?  That task is given over to
> historians; it's up to them to preserve that knowledge and to remind us
> when it's relevant.
>
> So... if your newspaper doesn't mention Pearl Harbor today, write them a
> letter.  Call your TV station if they overlook it.

I agree with this in many ways.

However, the Spanish-American war is truly history and didn't shape
(destroy/rebuild) our world like WWII did.  There are also many living
examples still around and we should capitalize on that while still
available.  It takes a spark of interest to keep up to date on what is
still "living history."

The 52nd Anniversary of Pearl Harbor is, more or less, a footnote in the
daily scheme of things -- hopefully it will at least continue to be that
for a while.

But history is more than just research -- it is a textbook of what NOT to
do.  Learning from it is very important.  WWII is just one example of all
the things we can learn from.  There are an almost infinite number of
things that can teach us lessons.

Where I grow concerned is both the overall lack of interest and the lack
of general knowledge.  I don't expect anyone to know details.  I don't
know many details and no one knows them all.  We all hate to memorize
dates, although some stick in our minds more than others.

When you can talk to a bunch of graduating high school seniors and ask
very basic questions like "About when did WWII happen?" and you get
answers varying from "Uh... 1776?" to "Who cares?" (actual answers from
reasonably high GPA students), then somewhere we are doing a pretty poor
job.  The media either reflects the general attitude of the public, shapes
the attitude or fits somewhere in the middle.  Thank God for some decent
cable programming, at least, that makes history interesting.

History, as taught in most public school systems, is as boring as watching
a rock grow.  There's no reason it has to be, but the total lack of
motivation to become interested in it results in people (who don't have
a personal interest) walking away knowing almost nothing (except maybe
something about the Oregon Trail... :-)

I pick on WWII because of its huge effect on our world, the world of our
children and our world for a long time to come.  It was a major turning
point and one that will be with us for a long time.  It's also a
particular important personal topic.

It is also rapidly fading as a preserable item and something you can
still touch.  It will all too soon be relegated to the historian's shelf,
but until then, it should at least be expected for the media (after 50+
years :-) to get their facts straight, at least...  But they also seem
to gloss over important events, passings, etc.  Bleah.

Don't ask me to state the date when the U.S. entered WWI, but I know how
to find it and I know the importance of understanding why (or at least
have that curiosity...)

--
Robert J. Granvin                                    Southern Minnesota Wing
rjg@stat.umn.edu                                       Confederate Air Force

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 7 Dec 1993 11:24:00 EST
From:    "W. C. (RUSTY) DIVENS" <ERCOUPE@VMS.CIS.PITT.EDU>
Subject: Re: Pearl Harbor Day

>History, well, it gets old.  You can only keep someone interested in an
>historical event for so long until they get bored of it.  For the general
>population, 50 years ago is a long time ago.  WWII is going "over the
>hill," basically.

>Should it?  It's inevitable.  Quick; when did the US enter WWI?  When and
>where was the Spanish-American War concluded?  What was the date that South
>Carolina seceeded from the Union?  I could look these up, but I can't name
>them offhand, and I don't feel very guilty about that.

>Bill Thacker             AT&T Network Systems       attmail!att!cbemf!wbt
>(614) 860-5294           Columbus, Ohio              wbt@cbemf.att.com
>                      Humpty Dumpty was pushed!


Hit it on the head, you did.  It seems that every generation (loosely
defining a generation) has a 'do you remember what you were doing when'
day that sticks in their memory.  For the over-60 crowd, that day is
Pearl Harbor Day.  For the rest, it is probably Nov 22nd, 1963.  For
the latest crop of kids, who knows?

But even though the Day may lose the personal significance to people,
the far reaching effects of subsequent events should not be forgotten.

Bill
N93774@vms.cis.pitt.edu

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 7 Dec 1993 10:16:07 -0600
From:    mslrc@UXA.ECN.BGU.EDU
Subject: Re: Pearl Harbor Day and "Rising Sun" film

The latter may stimulate some interest, although denial rather than
  paranoia seems to be in vogue in America at the moment.

Lou coatney

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 7 Dec 1993 12:04:28 EST
From:    Kurt Luginbyhl <MNHAD007@SIVM.BITNET>
Subject: Re: Pearl Harbor Day and "Rising Sun" film

Lou, You wrote that "denial rather than paranoia seems to be in vogue in
America at the moment".  Well I tend to disagree.  This decade is rapidly
turning into the ugliest of the "Me" type.  Self-absorbing people who have
lost the meaning of social contract are the main offenders.  I am witness to
the wide spread increase of crime and violence from the urban areas to the
suburbs and even into the rural communities.  I'm not going to rant but it is
starting to look ugly out there.  And yet I always see a small light some
ray of hope.  Thanks to Jack McKillop and Bob Granvin for all the fine postings
about Pearl and the 7th.     Lest we forget!

H. A. Kurt Luginbyhl
Scientific Computer Specialist
National Museum of Natural History
Washington D.C. 20560

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 7 Dec 1993 10:50:21 -0600
From:    mslrc@UXA.ECN.BGU.EDU
Subject: (Now) COL. Van Vliet

Steve,

     Thanks for mentioning him.  He granted me a lengthy telephone
interview, and he had quite a story to tell.  Incidentally, he was
4th generation West Point.

Lou Coatney, WIU

     My thesis defense is next Thursday, 16 Dec 93, at 3 PM in
Morgan Hall here at Western Illinois University in Macomb, IL,
for anyone interested in attending.

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 7 Dec 1993 11:19:10 -0600
From:    mslrc@UXA.ECN.BGU.EDU
Subject: Re: Gibraltar crash

Irek,

     THANK you for the Gibraltar crash info.  I may need to
reassess my coverage of the incident.

     Have you heard about a document indicating that U.S.
Ambassador to Soviet Union W. Averill Harriman suggested to Stalin
in 1942 that the Soviets might want to set up their own Polish
government?  I am trying to get more information on this very
recent allegation.

Lou Coatney

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 7 Dec 1993 13:08:29 EST
From:    Charles Reace <creace@ISD.CSC.COM>
Subject: Re: Salerno paper (long)

[per Bill Huber]
> I am no expert on this operation but I did read _Salerno, A Military
> Fiasco_ before visiting Salerno last year.  I'm certain you will get

I also read this book about a year ago, and found it quite interesting
and would recommend it as an additional source for you.  It's the only
detailed account I've read on Salerno, but it would seem to re-inforce
your view that not having a bombardment was a mistake, at least in 20/20
hindsight for the way actual events unfolded.

It seems strange that while US intelligence had been thwarting the
Japanese by knowing their plans prior to execution, it was quite naive
of the US commanders in  Europe to think they could launch an invasion
of that magnitude in complete surprise.

  __|  __|  __|  |  Charles Reace <creace@isd.csc.com>
_|   _|   _|     |
 |       | |     |  Computer Sciences Corp., Integrated Systems Div.
 ___|____/ ___|  |  304 W. Rte. 38, Moorestown, NJ 08057

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 7 Dec 1993 13:13:47 EST
From:    Chuck McCormick <chuckm@AREC.UMD.EDU>
Subject: Re[2]: Pearl Harbor Day

Thank you all for your responses concerning Pearl Harbor Day.  Special thanks to
Bill, Jack and Robert for their posts.  I really liked the story about Russ
Lott--he is a very lucky man.  There has been a bit of media coverage today; the
CBS morning news (radio) noted that there will be ceremonies and services in
Hawaii today.  The Secretary of the Navy will lay a wreath at the Naval Memorial
in downtown DC at 1PM.  And Rush Limbaugh dedicated his show to Pearl Harbor
survivors (liberals--please don't flame me for listening to Limbaugh, I only
listen if I want to hear about something in particular, like Pearl Harbor Day).

My original question was really two-fold (sorry that the question was
confusing).  First, how long are we required to 'remember Pearl Harbor' and,
second, why is there so much disinterest on the part of the press and general
public.

To answer the first question myself, I think that the day should be remembered
not just because of its 'lessons' which are many but also because of the large
loss of life that day.  I suspect one would have to go back to the Civil War to
find another day with as many American casualties.  There are no doubt quite a
few mothers alive today who lost their sons that day and perhaps the day should
be commemorated because of their loss.

Chuck
chuckm@arec.umd.edu
"This is not a drill...."

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 7 Dec 1993 13:16:58 EST
From:    Chuck McCormick <chuckm@AREC.UMD.EDU>
Subject: Re[2]: Pearl Harbor Day

>Hit it on the head, you did.  It seems that every generation (loosely
>defining a generation) has a 'do you remember what you were doing when'
>day that sticks in their memory.  For the over-60 crowd, that day is
>Pearl Harbor Day.  For the rest, it is probably Nov 22nd, 1963.  For
>the latest crop of kids, who knows?

>But even though the Day may lose the personal significance to people,
>the far reaching effects of subsequent events should not be forgotten.

I'm not sure what that day is for 'my generation' (I was born post-1963).  Maybe
the day John Lennon was killed (I hope not..), perhaps the day the space shuttle
exploded, or the start of the Gulf War.  I don't recall what any of these dates
are, but I guess I know what year each occurred in.  I also never remember Nov.
22, 1963 as the date of the Kennedy assasination.  Despite this I always
remember dates like December 7, June 6, and July 1-3.

Chuck
chuckm@arec.umd.edu

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 7 Dec 1993 10:20:32 GMT+800
From:    "Joseph R. BOEKE" <JRBOEKE@UCI.EDU>
Subject: Re: German Aircraft Carrier

>From the keyboard of Emmanuel Gustin <gustin@NAT2.UIA.AC.BE>:

> The Germans designed a number of carrier aircraft: The Ar 195 torpedo
> bomber, Ar 197 fighter, Fi 167 attack aircraft, Ju 87C dive bomber, and Me
> 109T fighter. If I remember correctly the original Me 155 / Bv 155 design
> was also intended as shipboard fighter. A significant number of Ju 87C and
> Me 109T were built... Most of these aircraft became obsolete while the
> carriers were under contruction. This obviously indicates that something
> was very, very wrong with planning...

Emmanuel,

Could you give me the bibliographic info for your source(s)?  I'd like to
look at these a/c in more depth if possible.  Given what was said, concerning
the use of the Graf Zeppelin, in the earlier posts, I don't think that it
would have mattered that the Ju-87 & Me-109 were obsolete.  The ship wasn't
designed for a stand up carrier fight (like in the PTO), but for commerce
raiding.  Which is very consistent with pre-war German naval planning.

Also, you wouldn't happen to have any info on the Aquilla or her aircraft
would you (or anyone else)?  I'd like to see what the Italians planned to do
with her (I assume that she would have been filled with fighters for escort
duties in the Med).

Thanx,

- Joe
  jrboeke@uci.edu

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 7 Dec 1993 12:29:27 CST
From:    "Robert J. Granvin" <rjg@UMNSTAT.STAT.UMN.EDU>
Subject: Re: Pearl Harbor Day

> Hit it on the head, you did.  It seems that every generation (loosely
> defining a generation) has a 'do you remember what you were doing when'
> day that sticks in their memory.  For the over-60 crowd, that day is
> Pearl Harbor Day.  For the rest, it is probably Nov 22nd, 1963.  For
> the latest crop of kids, who knows?

The first manned landing on the moon.  (I was almost 6 months old on
11/22/63... :-)

A nephew remembers John Lennon being shot.

Strange.

--
Robert J. Granvin                                    Southern Minnesota Wing
rjg@stat.umn.edu                                       Confederate Air Force

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 7 Dec 1993 19:55:43 +0100
From:    Emmanuel Gustin <gustin@EVSDS.UIA.AC.BE>
Subject: Re: Gibraltar crash

On Tue, 7 Dec 1993, Ireneusz Jakobik wrote:

> Both British and Soviet government would be glad of Sikorski's death,
> but the cause of B-24 crash wasn't a sabotage. A man who saw the accident
> says that there was no explosion (bomb on board) but that soon after a
> takeoff Liberator fall dawn into the sea. The only person who survived
> was a Czech pilot, who had been thrown out the window by an impact when
> the aircraft hit water. He still lives somewhere in the USA.

No, Prchal (that was his name) died some time ago. He wished to be buried in
Britain, and he was. He reported that the aircraft behaved well until
just after lift-off, when the elevator controls locked.

> During war
> he used to smuggle goods in his aircraft. On that particular day (or rather
> night) he put bags with furs into Liberator. After takeoff bags moved
> to the aircraft's tail and blocked controls of a B-24.

The article I read (aeroplane monthly, some months ago) was written after
the investigation files were released, after being kept secret for 50
years. It claims that the bags involved were just plain mailbags; one was
found the runway. Supposedly they did not block the controls from the
inside -- investigations in 1943 showed that this was almost impossible --
but were blown out through the hatch for the (absent) beam gunner, hit the
tail and got locked between elevator and tailplane... Some scratches on
the tailplane seem to have been found, but were ignored at the time.

BTW, it seems that previously a Polish officer had taken a bomb with him
on a flight with Sikorsky, and them claimed to have found it aboard, just
to put pressure on the general...

Emmanuel

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 7 Dec 1993 14:02:33 EDT
From:    John Fontaine <EK597C@GWUVM.BITNET>
Subject: Re: Pearl Harbor Day

> Hit it on the head, you did.  It seems that every generation (loosely
> defining a generation) has a 'do you remember what you were doing when'
> day that sticks in their memory.  For the over-60 crowd, that day is
> Pearl Harbor Day.  For the rest, it is probably Nov 22nd, 1963.  For
> the latest crop of kids, who knows?

As will probably be born out on the list there is no defining day in the
memory of people born after 1963.  Pearl Harbor and to a lesser extent
the Kennedy assasination were events that caused a perceived lives in
every American.  Pearl Harbor lead the to tremendous dislocation of WWII.
While the assasination of Kennedy has come to symbolize a decade or more of
upheaval in american society.
There really has been nothing with that direct an impact on today's
generation.  As a person born after 63, I can recall events like
the challenger dissaster, the Gulf War, and the fall of the Berlin Wall.
Yet, none of these days have evoked the kind of lasting public rememberance
that either Pearl Harbor or the Assasination of Kennedy evokes.
Furthermore the aformentioned events(challenger, etc) don't evoke the kind
of moral lessons that we read into Pearl Harbor and the assasination.
Pearl Harbor is seen in the public conscoiusness as, "A day that will live
in infamy...."

John Fontaine
ek597c@gwuvm.gwu.edu

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 7 Dec 1993 14:15:36 -0600
From:    Joe Pohlmann <pohlmann@PPCLUS.MONSANTO.COM>
Subject: Memorable Dates

        I'm 25, and I sure dont remember John Lennon being shot.  Of course,
when it happened, I remember saying, "Who's that?"

        I think the date that sticks in my mind is the day President Reagan was
shot.  I remember that because of 2 reasons:

1)  He was president for most, if not all of my formative years (12 to 20 yrs.
old), and at one point the press said he was dead.

2)  That same day, the Pope was shot.  Not because that's a big deal, but come
on, the same DAY!!


Just my $0.02 worth.

Joe Pohlmann
Process Systems Engineer
Monsanto Port Plastics
pohlmann@ppclus.monsanto.com

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 7 Dec 1993 15:48:47 -0500
From:    Steven VEST <vest@ALPHA.ACAST.NOVA.EDU>
Subject: Re: Pearl Harbor Day

==========================vest@alpha.acast.nova.ed===========================
= Steven Vest: Head, Off Campus Lib. Services: Nova University, Ft. Ldl, FL =

On Tue, 7 Dec 1993, Robert J. Granvin wrote:

> > Hit it on the head, you did.  It seems that every generation (loosely
> > defining a generation) has a 'do you remember what you were doing when'
> > day that sticks in their memory.  For the over-60 crowd, that day is
> > Pearl Harbor Day.  For the rest, it is probably Nov 22nd, 1963.  For
> > the latest crop of kids, who knows?
>
> The first manned landing on the moon.  (I was almost 6 months old on
> 11/22/63... :-)
>
> A nephew remembers John Lennon being shot.
>
> Strange.
>
> --
> Robert J. Granvin                                    Southern Minnesota Wing
> rjg@stat.umn.edu                                       Confederate Air Force
>
I think for the post 1960 generation it may very well be the Challenger
explosion.  It seems to be dependent upon how much television/media
coverage said event incurred.

==========================vest@alpha.acast.nova.ed===========================
= Steven Vest: Head, Off Campus Lib. Services: Nova University, Ft. Ldl, FL =
= Two broken tigers, on fire in the night, flicker their souls to the wind. =
=                                     Al Stewart--Past, Present and Future. =
===============No statements made here reflect Nova University===============

------------------------------

Date:    Mon, 6 Dec 1993 07:06:03 GMT-6
From:    Terry Moore <RTMOORE@PCAD-ML.ACTX.EDU>
Subject: Re: Books on Italian Campaign

Rod,

Here are some more books for your consideration:

Anzio by Christopher Hibbert
Cassino by Dominick Graham
Mussolini by Christopher Hibbert
The Desert Warriors by David Jablonsky
  These four books are from the Ballantine Series on the history of
the Second World War.

                              Harbacks

Fallschirmjaeger der Waffen-SS im Bild by Kunzman and Millius. An
account of paratroops of the Waffen-SS in combat. Goes into detail on
the Mussolini rescue.

Foreign Legions of the Third Reich by David Littlejohn (4 volumes)
Munich: Prologue to Tragedy by J. W. Wheeler-Bennett
Alex by Nigel Nicholson-A biography of Field Marshal Lord
Alexander of Tunis

The Brutal Friendship: Mussolini, Hitler and the Fall of Italian
Fascism by F. W. Deakin

The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich by William L. Shirer

Munich: The Price of Peace by Telford Taylor

The Trail of the Fox by David Irving

The Nazis in the Balkans; A Case Study of Totalitarian Politics by
Dietrich Orlow

The Rommel Papers by Corelli Barnett (Revised edition)

The Desert Generals by Corelli Barnett

The Ciano Diariess, 1939-1943 by Galeazzo Ciano

The March to Tunis by Alan Moorehead

Commandos and Rangers of World War II by James Ladd


Well, Rod, that about does it. Pick and choose from all that is
listed. If I can of further service, please let me know.

Terry

Terry Moore, Professor of German and French, Amarillo College
P.O. Box 447, Amarillo, Texas 79178, voice 806-371-5077
fax 806-371-5370

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 7 Dec 1993 23:44:16 +0100
From:    Emmanuel Gustin <gustin@NAT2.UIA.AC.BE>
Subject: Re: German Aircraft Carrier

> > The Germans designed a number of carrier aircraft: The Ar 195 torpedo
> > bomber, Ar 197 fighter, Fi 167 attack aircraft, Ju 87C dive bomber, and Me
> > 109T fighter. If I remember correctly the original Me 155 / Bv 155 design
> > was also intended as shipboard fighter. A significant number of Ju 87C and
> > Me 109T were built... Most of these aircraft became obsolete while the
> > carriers were under contruction. This obviously indicates that something
> > was very, very wrong with planning...

> Could you give me the bibliographic info for your source(s)?  I'd like to
> look at these a/c in more depth if possible.  Given what was said, concerning
> the use of the Graf Zeppelin, in the earlier posts, I don't think that it
> would have mattered that the Ju-87 & Me-109 were obsolete.  The ship wasn't
> designed for a stand up carrier fight (like in the PTO), but for commerce
> raiding.  Which is very consistent with pre-war German naval planning.
>
> Also, you wouldn't happen to have any info on the Aquilla or her aircraft
> would you (or anyone else)?  I'd like to see what the Italians planned to do
> with her (I assume that she would have been filled with fighters for escort
> duties in the Med).

OK. I have a few things to add:

The Graf Zeppelin's scrapped sister-ship was to be named Peter Strasser,
after the commander of the German airship units during WWI.

The addition of 5.9in guns under the deck must have been quite costly in
other respects. The Enterprise, launched two years before Graf Zeppelin,
carried 81 aircraft compared with 40+ for the German carrier. I still
don't feel that it was a sensible thing to do -- for a carrier commander
to get within 50km of a conventional surface ship is exceedingly foolish.
And in any gunfight, the carrier would have been a bigger target, with
less armament, and more vulnerable (high-octane fuel!) than its opponents.
But then, I don't think that the Germans spent much time considering
carrier operations. Plan Z called for ten battleships, but only two
carriers. That the Germans planned only for commerce raiding is of little
significance: The 'Bismarck' was also ordered to avoid fights with warships.

Flight deck of Graf Zeppelin was 240m by 27m.

70 Bf 109T's were built, three Ar 197's and five Ju 87C. Graf Zeppelin was
launched in 1938 and if all had gone well, it could have been in service
in 1941; at that time, the Bf 109T was not obsolete -- the British
introduced the Sea Hurricane early in 1941 and that was inferior to the Bf
109; before that, they did not have any modern carrier fighters. The Ju
87C was very vulnerable to any fighter opposition, but the Ju 87 had
already been proven to be very effective -- the D3A was also obsolete, but
it was very effective in the Pacific. The continuing delay with the carriers
had of course its effect on the aircraft. My guess is that GZ would
have been an useful ship in 1941, but completely obsolete in 1942, when
Britain and the US were producing vastly more capable carriers.

On bibliography: I don't know any book on the GZ itself. One book that
contains a few pages on the BF 109T, with pictures of the Ju87C and the Ar
197 and a drawing of the GZ is: 'Messerschmitt 'O-nine' Gallery', by
Thomas H. Hitchcock, Monogram Aviation Publications, Boylston,
Massachusetts, USA, 1973. I don't have the famous book of Green on German
Military Aircraft, but it must be worth its money. Some info is also in
the work of Bryan Philpott, 'The Encyclopedia of German Military
Aircraft', published by Arms and Armour press, London, United Kingdom,
1980. Any book on the Ju 87 (and there are some) will say something about
the Ju 87C. Some photo's and a little data are in a booklet by Joachim
Dressel, 'Stuka', Arms and Armour, London, UK, 1989.

On Aquila : I at least remember that somewhere in a book is something about
aircraft designed for carrier use. I'll try to find it.

Emmanuel.

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 7 Dec 1993 16:48:45 CST-6CDT
From:    "Walter Bell, U. of North Texas" <WBELL@LIBRARY.UNT.EDU>
Subject: Hitler and Pearl Harbor

One of the great mysteries of the Pearl Harbor attack is why Adolf
Hitler decided to declare war on the United States on December 11,
1941 after the Japanese kept him completely in the dark about the
attack.  The tripartite pact, as I recall, did not oblige Germany to
declare war on the U.S. unless the Americans struck the first blow.
Hitler certainly simplified what have might have been a serious
political problem for FDR.  It would have been much less easy for
Roosevelt to get a declaration of war against Germany.  Popular and
congressional rage was focussed on Japan.  I recently saw an article
that contends that Hitler wanted the Japanese navy in the war to
assure an axis victory.  Any theories concerning this blunder?

Walter F. Bell
University of North Texas

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 7 Dec 1993 18:17:03 EST
From:    Larry & Kim Jewell <jewell@MACE.CC.PURDUE.EDU>
Subject: Re: Hitler and Pearl Harbor

Hitler was intent on declaring war on the United States some time before
the attack on Pearl. I'll post some discussion between him and the Japnese
ambassador in a few days. (I'd post the text of his speech declaring war
on the U.S. but I don't wish to inflict such torture on you good people.)

It will take a few days to round up the files, so stay tuned to this station.

One thing that always surprises me is that people assume that there was some
rational train of logic that led to Hitler's decision. I feel he was highly
P.O.'d with the U.S. and just needed an excuse. The U.S. was certainly acting
in a highly provocative manner, sort of like shooting at burglar who is
breaking into your neighbor's house (to extent the "fire hose" analogy of
the Lend Lease Act :-).

Larry J


JEWELL@MACE.CC.PURDUE.EDU; Listowner: WWII-L; Moderator: BYRD.MU.WVNET.EDU
"Sunday's horoscope is note worthy because of its strange, sudden and wholly
unpredictable and inexplicable occurrences, affecting all phases of life."
Your Horoscope" L.A. Evening Herald Express, Sat, 12/06/41

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 7 Dec 1993 15:33:40 EST
From:    rod holmes <rholmes@DHVX20.CSUDH.EDU>
Subject: Re: Salerno paper (long)

< I also read this book about a year ago, and found it quite interesting
< and would recommend it as an additional source for you.  It's the only
< detailed account I've read on Salerno, but it would seem to re-inforce
< your view that not having a bombardment was a mistake, at least in 20/20
< hindsight for the way actual events unfolded.

I've read it also and it agreed with everything I said in my paper. What's
funny is that when I started researching my paper I was looking at
defending the decision not to have a bombardment. It felt right and that's
all I can say.

< It seems strange that while US intelligence had been thwarting the
< Japanese by knowing their plans prior to execution, it was quite naive
< of the US commanders in  Europe to think they could launch an invasion
< of that magnitude in complete surprise.

The same thing was going on in Europe. The Allies had broken parts of the
German's codes. The whole thing was kept secret until the 70's. Look for
things relating to ULTRA.

I think naive is a teh right word for it. I was thinking over optimistic
but I think naive is better. It seems to me that the American generals were
expecting to go the way they hoped. They would have been better off
plannign for the worst case scenario.

Rod Holmes                      | The boredom eats me like cancer
rholmes@dhvx20.csudh.edu        | down here on the farm.

------------------------------

Date:    Wed, 8 Dec 1993 09:57:03 AEST
From:    ccwilber@UQVAX.CC.UQ.OZ.AU
Subject: Re: AIRCRAFT CARRIERS

In Jack's text (which I appreciated!) he mentions the "Washington Naval Treaty"
several times, and the effect on the design of the carriers. Can somebody please
give a synopsis of the Treaty, and the resultant limitations?

Thanks,
Wilber.

+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|Wilber WILLIAMS                            w.williams@cc.uq.edu.au      |
|Prentice Centre                            Telephone : +61 7 365 4232   |
|The University of Queensland               Facsimile : +61 7 365 4477   |
|Brisbane Qld 4072  AUSTRALIA                                            |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 7 Dec 1993 22:05:29 -0600
From:    mslrc@UXA.ECN.BGU.EDU
Subject: Hitler's declaration of war

Walter,

     One possibility might be that Hitler assumed that if he
declared war on the U.S., the Japanese would declare war on the
Soviets -- at a desperate/decisive moment in the "Barbarossa"
campaign.

     There should be some research on this.  Good luck.

Lou Coatney, WIU

------------------------------

Date:    Wed, 8 Dec 1993 05:26:12 +0100
From:    Asad Rustum <f90-aru@NADA.KTH.SE>
Subject: Re: Hitler's declaration of war

Hi,

I haven't been following this thread really so this might have been
said.

>      One possibility might be that Hitler assumed that if he
> declared war on the U.S., the Japanese would declare war on the
> Soviets -- at a desperate/decisive moment in the "Barbarossa"
> campaign.

Another possiblity could be that Hitler didn't want the US to join the
war before Japan had declared war on the US. (Japan and Germany had
apparently had discussions on the subject earlier). Hitler's hopes
were that he'd defeat the Soviet Union before the US could join the
war and therefore have more troops available for combat on the western
front. So, Hitler promised Japan that he'd declare USA war if Japan
would. Germany and the US were more or less in a state of semi-war
allready due to the convoys and Germany's actions against them. If
Germany was to continue that policy, then the US was bound to join the
war. Hitler's options instead of declaring was on the US would have
been to accept the loss in the battle of the Atlantic.


+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
 Asad Rustum                          'Oh Lord won't you buy me
 f90-aru@nada.kth.se                   a Mercedes Benz...'
 atomic@astrakan.hgs.se                Janis Joplin

------------------------------

End of WWII-L Digest - 6 Dec 1993 to 7 Dec 1993
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Subject:  WWII-L Digest - 7 Dec 1993 to 8 Dec 1993
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Status: O

There are 17 messages totalling 858 lines in this issue.

Topics of the day:

  1. Pearl Harbor Day (2)
  2. USAAF 8 DEC 43
  3. R. A. Ofstie
  4. German Aircraft Carrier (fwd)
  5. German Aircraft Carrier (3)
  6. Hitler and Pearl Harbor (3)
  7. AIRCRAFT CARRIERS
  8. POL: Washington Treaty (2)
  9. Commemorating D-Day in 1994
 10. Media:Pearl Harbor Remembered
 11. <No subject given>

----------------------------------------------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 7 Dec 1993 23:36:45 CST
From:    Steve Alvin <salvin@HEARTLAND.BRADLEY.EDU>
Subject: Re: Pearl Harbor Day

Let me see, in the last week I have seen specials on Pearl Harbor
on PBS, A&E, and Discover.  Today I've seen reports of the anniversry
on WGN News, CNN, and two local TV newsreports.  I have heard it
mentioned on the radio.  I must addmit that I missed the networks'
evening news, so I don't know if it was mentioned or not.

My local newspaper, the Peoria Journal Star, had small article on
the anniversery near the "Today in World War II" box.  It has also
for the last two weeks ran long articles on the War and the homefront
in the Sunday paper.

At the bookstore where I am working part time for the holidays (and
for the 33% employee discount :-)) there are numerous magazines,
which sell quite well, concentrating of Military history and
WWII in particular.

My question, then, is how much coverage do you expect?  If the
major media is limiting themselves in their coverage (minutes
per day for newscasts, pages in the paper, etc) how much should
be devoted to history and how much should be devoted to current
events?  How much coverage should be given to North Korea, the
Balkans, Clinton's Health Care package, the Surgeon General sug-
gestion that the Govt. consider legalizing drugs, etc?

Yes, the students I teach are woefully unaware of the past.  But,
most seem woefully unaware of the present as well!  What's the
answer?  I wish I knew!

For what it is worth, IMHO, the date that the current college
generation will remeber may be October, 1989 and the collapse
of the Berlin Wall.  This is one of the most monumental events
of the 20th C.

--
Steve Alvin
salvin@heartland.bradley.edu

------------------------------

Date:    Wed, 8 Dec 1993 07:02:50 -0500
From:    jem3@CC.BELLCORE.COM
Subject: USAAF 8 DEC 43

COMBAT CHRONOLOGY OF THE US ARMY AIR FORCES
WEDNESDAY, 8 DECEMBER 1943
FTP SITES
  1. ftp.rutgers.edu in directory pub/wwii/usaf
  2. byrd.mu.wvnet.edu (129.71.32.152) in pub/history/military/airforce/
     wwii_chronology

AIRCRAFT MENTIONED IN THIS REPORT:
  A-20, Douglas Havoc
  A-36, North American Apache
  B-17, Boeing Flying Fortress
  B-24, Consolidated Liberator
  B-25, North American Mitchell
  B-26, Martin Marauder
  F-4, Lockheed Lightning
  F-5, Lockheed Lightning
  P-38, Lockheed Lightning
  P-39, Bell Airacobra
  P-40, Curtiss

AMERICAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  ALASKA (Eleventh Air Force): 3 B-24's fly armed reconnaissance. During
the night of 8/9 Dec, another B-24 off on a photographic mission over
Kasatochi Island in the Aleutian Islands, turns back because of mechanical
trouble.

  ZONE OF INTERIOR (HQ AAF): General Henry H "Hap" Arnold, Commanding
General Army Air Forces, notifies Lieutenant General Carl Spaatz, Commanding
General Twelfth Air Force, that he is to command US Strategic Air Forces in
Europe (USSAFE).

CENTRAL PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Seventh Air Force): 22 B-24's from
Nanumea Island in the Ellice Islands, bomb Jaluit Atoll in the Marshall
Islands, and 11 from Canton Island in the Phoenix Islands bomb Mille Atoll
in the Caroline Islands.

CHINA-BURMA-INDIA THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  CHINA (Fourteenth Air Force): In China, 9 B-25's, escorted by 16 P-40's,
pound Changte; 9 other B-25's bomb Hofuh and the 16 escorting P-40's bomb 2
villages to the N.

MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  STRATEGIC OPERATIONS (Fifteenth Air Force): 120+ B-24's and B-17's attack
Tatoi and Eleusis airfields in Greece, and railroad bridges near Orbetello
Lake and the town of Porto Santo Stefano in Italy. In Italy, B-26's hit
Spoleto viaduct, Orte marshalling yard, and Civitavecchia harbor; other
B-26's abort the mission because of weather.
  HQ 1st Fighter Group and it's 71st Fighter Squadron, transfer from Sardinia
to Gioia del Colle, Italy with P-38's.
  The 20th Bombardment Squadron (Heavy), 2d Bombardment Group (Heavy),
transfers from Massicault, Tunisia to Amendola, Italy with B-17's.

  TACTICAL OPERATIONS (Twelfth Air Force): In Italy, B-25's bomb bridges,
industrial targets, marshalling yard, and town areas of Pescara, Ancona, and
Aquila; A-20's hit gun emplacements and bivouac area near Sant' Elia
Fiumerapido; other A-20's, operating with Royal Air Force (RAF) and South
African Air Force (SAAF) aircraft attack troop concentration and gun positions
near Miplinnico; fighter-bombers of the AAF, RAF, Royal Australian Air Force
(RAAF), and SAAF bomb targets in support of ground troops near Orsogna; A-36's
and P-40's hit communications targets (roads, railroads, bridges) at Avezzano,
Frosinone, Viticuso, Gaeta, and Sant' Elia Fiumerapido.
  HQ 3d Photographic Group (Reconnaissance) and it's 12th Photographic
Reconnaissance Squadron transfer from La Marsa, Tunisia to San Severo, Italy
with F-4's and F-5's.
  HQ 5th Photographic Reconnaissance Group transfers from La Marsa, Tunisia
to San Severo, Italy.

SOUTH PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Thirteenth Air Force): On Bougainville
Island in the Solomon Islands, fighter patrols and aircraft on armed
reconnaissance bomb and strafe several targets of opportunity near Kieta, SE
of Cape Torokina, at Baniu Plantation, and along the NE coast.

SOUTHWEST PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Fifth Air Force): B-25's attack
the Penfoei-Koepanp area on Timor Island. In New Guinea, B-25's and B-26's
pound enemy supply dumps on the Huon Peninsula near Finschhafen; P-39's strafe
barges from Saidor to Fortification Point.

SOURCES:
AIR FORCE COMBAT UNITS OF WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force History,
  Headquarters USAF, 1961, ISBN 0-912799-02-1
COMBAT SQUADRONS OF THE AIR FORCE, WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force
  History, Headquarters USAF 1982
THE ARMY AIR FORCES IN WORLD WAR II: COMBAT CHRONOLOGY, 1941-1945 by the
  Office of Air Force History, Headquarters USAF, 1973
THE MIGHTY EIGHTH WAR DIARY by Roger A. Freeman, ISBN 1-85409-071-2

Jack McKillop
USAF (Airways and Air Communications Service)
1955-59

-------------------------------------------------------------------
|  Jack McKillop         |  Those who have long enjoyed such      |
|  Bellcore              |  privileges as we enjoy forget in      |
|  Piscataway, NJ USA    |  time that men have died to win them.  |
|  jem3@cc.bellcore.com  |                       FDR              |
-------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

Date:    Wed, 8 Dec 1993 02:24:23 CST
From:    Steve Alvin <salvin@HEARTLAND.BRADLEY.EDU>
Subject: R. A. Ofstie

Here is some info I found by checking a couple of books.

In June, 1944, he was captain of the Essex during the Battle of
the Philipine Sea.  Essex was flag of TG 58.4, under R. A. Harrill,
which was part of TF 58 under Mitscher and was part of the 5th Fleet
under Spruance.

By 15 September 1944 he had been promoted to Rear Admiral and was
part of TF 31 (Third Fleet) under Adm Wilinson.  He was commander
of the air support, 7 to 11 CVE's at the invasion of Palau.

On 5 January, 1945, he was part of TF 79, ungain under Wilkinson, but
now part of the 7th Fleet.  He commanded the air escort for teh
invasion of Luzon at Lingayen.  His flag was the escort carrier
Kitkun Bay, which was damaged by a kamakize on 7 Jan.

As far as I can tell, there was no 6th Fleet in WW II.  The
6th Fleet today is based in the Med.  Perhaps he commanded it
after the war.

--
Steve Alvin
salvin@heartland.bradley.edu

------------------------------

Date:    Wed, 8 Dec 1993 11:15:58 +0100
From:    Emmanuel Gustin <gustin@NAT2.UIA.AC.BE>
Subject: Re: German Aircraft Carrier (fwd)

Emmanuel,

Yes, no carrier captain would want to be anywhere near a surface
action, but it can happen--ask the captain of the Glorious!  True,
even 5.9" guns would do little good against Battlecruisers, but
the Atlantic was not the Pacific.  I think there would be situations,
like Vian's destroyer attack on the Bismarck, when have a decent
anti-ship gun on the carrier would be usefull.

Also, the aircraft capacity is also not out of line with other
carriers in the Atlantic.  My guess is, just like the British
carriers that had armored flight decks, their aircraft capacity
was limited.  It wasn't until the Salerno operation, for example,
that the Illustrious carried 50 aircraft, and that was accomplished
only by spotting some on the deck.

Also, I have never heard it confirmed that the second hull was to
be named "Stasser" (sp).

--
Steve Alvin
salvin@heartland.bradley.edu

------------------------------

Date:    Wed, 8 Dec 1993 11:19:48 +0100
From:    Emmanuel Gustin <gustin@NAT2.UIA.AC.BE>
Subject: Re: German Aircraft Carrier

> Also, you wouldn't happen to have any info on the Aquilla or her aircraft
> would you (or anyone else)?  I'd like to see what the Italians planned to do
> with her (I assume that she would have been filled with fighters for escort
> duties in the Med).

I don't find that much on the subject. Two Italian liners were to be
converted to aircraft carriers: 'Aquila' and 'Sparviero'. Both were
discontinued.

One aircraft intended for carrier use was the Fiat G.50bis/A, a two-seat
fighter-bomber derivative of the G.50 single-seat fighter. The G.50bis/A
had a redesigned center fuselage and new outboard wing sections -- a short
untapered section was inserted outboard of the landing gear, with an
12.7mm gun and bomb shackles in it, and tapered panels (different from
those of the G.50) were fitted to these. Arrester gear was fitted. One
G.50bis/A was flown, on 31/10/1942, before the carrier project was
abandoned. (G.50bis/A span 12.38m, wing area 21.00m, empty equipped
2318kg, maximal loaded 3338kg, max speed 423km/h and range 1000km,
armament 4*12.7mm + bombs). Information from 'Air International', June
1988 issue, second part of an article on the G.50. Some other sources
claim that the G.50bis/A was first of all an attempt to increase the
armament (twin 12.7mm) of the G.50, and that the naval version was the
G.50bis/A-N

Ten Re.2000 Serie I single-seat fighters were converted to ship-borne
Serie II aircraft with a 1025hp Piaggio P.XIbis engine and arrester gear.
Twelve of the later Re.2001 (DB601 engined) were fitted with arrester gear
for land-based training; but the proposed Re.2001 OR Serie II shipboard
fighters (50 ordered) were completed as nightfighters. One Re.2002bis was
fitted with arrester gear.  (Source: Combat Aircraft of World War Two,
Weal & Barker, published by Lionel Leventhal Ltd.)

Emmanuel Gustin

------------------------------

Date:    Wed, 8 Dec 1993 08:52:52 EST
From:    Collins Steven CPT <ks2213@USMA7.USMA.EDU>
Subject: Re: Hitler and Pearl Harbor

Walter Bell asked the following:

>One of the great mysteries of the Pearl Harbor attack is why Adolf
>Hitler decided to declare war on the United States on December 11,
>1941 after the Japanese kept him completely in the dark about the
>attack.  The tripartite pact, as I recall, did not oblige Germany to
>declare war on the U.S. unless the Americans struck the first blow.
>Hitler certainly simplified what have might have been a serious
>political problem for FDR.  It would have been much less easy for
>Roosevelt to get a declaration of war against Germany.  Popular and
>congressional rage was focussed on Japan.  I recently saw an article
>that contends that Hitler wanted the Japanese navy in the war to
>assure an axis victory.  Any theories concerning this blunder?
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    This is a very contentious historiographical issue and one that may never
be resolved.  To understand Hitler's foreign polciy decision-making motivations
(racial, traditional German realpolitik, etc.) is very difficult -- if not
impossible.  There are several points of view on this topic:

       (1)  Hitler's decision to declare war was ill-considered and
a"knee-jerk" emotional reaction.

       (2)  Hitler was honoring the Tripartite Pact with Japan.

       (3)  Hitler was merely following the goals set forth in __Mein Kampf__,
__Hitler's Secret Book__, and in the Falkenstein Memorandum -- albeit a bit
ahead of his timetable.  Hitler had always determined that he would have to
confront and defeat the US.  He just did not figure the confrontation would
occur so soon.  Hitler was extremely confident at this point (things were just
starting to go sour in Russia) and felt that he could take on the USA at this
juncture as well.   The Falkenstein Memorandum outlines Nazi Germany's goals
vis-a-vis the USA and is startingly similar to the more analyzed Hossbach
Memorandum.  The veracity of the Falkenstein Memorandum, like the the Hossbach,
is often questioned.

      Some works you may want to look at in deciding this issue on your own:

     ** Adolf Hitler, __Hitler's Secret Book__
     ** James Compton, __The Swastika and the Eagle__
     ** Alton Frye, __Nazi Germany and the American Hemisphere__
     ** Waldo Henrichs, __Threshhold of War__
     ** Norman Rich, __Hitler's War Aims__  (Vol. 2) -- especially chapter 12,
"Morgen die ganze Welt?"
     ** Hans-Louis Trefousse, __Germany and American Neutrality__
     ** Gerhard Weinberg, __The Foreign Polciy of Hitler's Germany__ (Vol. 2)


     I hope this helps......

                                        Steven N. Collins
                                        CPT, IN
                                        Department of History
                                        USMA

------------------------------

Date:    Wed, 8 Dec 1993 09:07:38 EST
From:    "William B. Thacker" <wbt@CBEMF.ATT.COM>
Subject: Re: German Aircraft Carrier

Emmanuel Gustin writes:

> The addition of 5.9in guns under the deck must have been quite costly in
> other respects. The Enterprise, launched two years before Graf Zeppelin,
> carried 81 aircraft compared with 40+ for the German carrier. I still
> don't feel that it was a sensible thing to do -- for a carrier commander
> to get within 50km of a conventional surface ship is exceedingly foolish.

This has to be viewed in context. When carriers were first introduced in
WWI, their role was seen as primarily one of scouting.  Aircraft weren't
expected to be able to threaten capital ships, so carriers would be the
eyes of the fleet, a mission traditionally performed by cruisers.

Such a mission meant that the carrier needed high, sustained speed, like a
cruiser, and would be operating alone.  It was at risk of being caught at
night or in foul weather by its opposite number, an enemy cruiser, so it
needed armor and armament sufficient to deal with one.

Hence, the American Lexington and Saratoga, and the Japanese Kaga, all
built from battlecruiser hulls, plus the Akagi, from a battleship hull,
carried a main armament of 8" guns, just like a heavy cruiser.  Over time,
these nations realized that the change in mission from fleet recon to a
striking arm also meant that these guns weren't needed.  Subsequent
designs for both nations omitted anti-ship guns in favor of AA or dual
purpose guns.

In the Atlantic things were a bit different.  The doctrine for aircraft
carriers wasn't developed to the extent it had been in the Pacific, and the
weather, especially in the North Sea, tended to create more short-range
encounters.  Too, the fleet could be expected to operate more in range of
land-based aircraft.  All of this meant that the carriers needed to be
armored to resist encounters with enemy planes and, moreover, surface
ships, and again, guns to deal with the latter.  HMS Eagle, for example,
carried 6" guns in barbettes for that purpose.

Where the British missed the boat was that their first fleet carriers
weren't converted from the hulls of 40000-plus ton battlecruisers.  Whereas
Lexington or Kaga could carry armor, 8" guns, machinery for 30+ knots, and
80 aircraft, the smaller British ships had to sacrifice speed, aircraft, or
both.  So when 1942 got here and the effectiveness of big carriers was
proven, the British found themselves without a carrier that could
carry enough aircraft to be a battle-winner.  The brits never did quite
catch up to the Pacific War.

Germany's considerations were different still.  They had the same concerns
about getting jumped in the North Sea, hence 6" guns.  They also had little
expectation of defeating the British fleet in battle, so emphasized surface
raiding, at least until the Z-plan was complete (ca. 1948).  In such an
environment, they saw the carrier primarily as a recon platform to support
a fleet of raiders.  The carrier's aircraft would find targets and a
raider would be dispatched to sink them.  Should an enemy fleet appear, the
carrier would alert the raiders, who could withdraw under air cover from
the CV.  Strike against enemy warships were not considered a primary
mission.  Graf Zeppelin would have handled that mission profile just fine;
the problem, of course, was that the profile itself was unrealistic.

> I don't have the famous book of Green on German
> Military Aircraft, but it must be worth its money.

Absolutely.  I've seen this in the past few months on bargain-book tables;
a decent book search should be able to find you a copy.

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Bill Thacker             AT&T Network Systems       attmail!att!cbemf!wbt
(614) 860-5294           Columbus, Ohio              wbt@cbemf.att.com
                      Humpty Dumpty was pushed!

------------------------------

Date:    Wed, 8 Dec 1993 09:21:44 -0500
From:    Peter Smith <psmith@DG-WEBO.WEBO.DG.COM>
Subject: Re: AIRCRAFT CARRIERS

On Wed, 8 Dec 1993 09:57:03 AEST, Wilbur (ccwilber@UQVAX.CC.UQ.OZ.AU) asked:
> In Jack's text (which I appreciated!) he mentions the "Washington Naval Treaty"
> several times, and the effect on the design of the carriers. Can somebody please
> give a synopsis of the Treaty, and the resultant limitations?

The full text of the treaty is archived at byrd.


Naval Limitation Treaty (Washington Treaty of 1922) Summary

Signatories:  US, UK, Japan, France, & Italy

Limits on capital ships
    Limits on total tonnage, by country
        US & UK:        525,000 tons
        Japan:          315,000 tons
        France & Italy: 175,000 tons
    No capital ship may exceed 35,000 tons
    No capital ship may carry guns larger than 16"

Limits on cruisers
    No cruiser may exceed 10,000 tons
    No cruiser may carry guns larger than 8"

Limits on carriers
    Limits on total tonnage, by country
        US & UK:        135,000 tons
        Japan:           81,000 tons
        France & Italy:  60,000 tons
    Each signatory may build or convert up to 2 of 33,000 tons
    Otherwise, no carriers to exceed 27,000 tons
    Carriers may carry an unlimited number of 6" or smaller, or up to 8 8" guns

Limits on new construction
    All new construction to cease except as noted herein
    Existing carriers are considered "experimental" and may be replaced
    Other ships may be replaced when they are 20 more more years old
    US may complete 2 WEST VIRGINIA class BB's, scrapping 2 NORTH DAKOTA class
        BB's in return
    UK may construct 2 new BB's not exceeding 35,000 tons, scrapping THUNDERER,
        KING GEORGE V, AJAX, and CENTURION in return

Other issues
    US, UK, & Japan agree to status quo as of signing date for fortifications
        and naval bases in the Pacific, with certain exceptions
    Treaty to remain in force until at least 12/31/36; treaty to continue until
        2 years after a signatory gives notice that it is dropping out
---
Peter Smith -- Data General Corp., Westboro, MA
Peter_Smith@dgc.ceo.dg.com or psmith@dg-webo.webo.dg.com
#include <std_disclaimer.h>

------------------------------

Date:    Wed, 8 Dec 1993 10:07:08 EST
From:    Charles Reace <creace@ISD.CSC.COM>
Subject: Re: German Aircraft Carrier

> . . . In such an
> environment, they saw the carrier primarily as a recon platform to support
> a fleet of raiders.  The carrier's aircraft would find targets and a
> raider would be dispatched to sink them.  Should an enemy fleet appear, the
> carrier would alert the raiders . . .
[Bill Thacker]

Sounds not too disimilar to the modern day then-Soviet (now-Russian?) Kiev
class carrier.  Its role is not power projection and fleet air defense as
with US carriers, but rather anti-submarine warfare and recon, with only
a minimal air defense capability with its Forger jets.  It therefore
includes cruise missile and SAM launchers, guns, depth charge mortars, etc.,
along with its helicopters and jets.

  __|  __|  __|  |  Charles Reace <creace@isd.csc.com>
_|   _|   _|     |
 |       | |     |  Computer Sciences Corp., Integrated Systems Div.
 ___|____/ ___|  |  304 W. Rte. 38, Moorestown, NJ 08057

------------------------------

Date:    Wed, 8 Dec 1993 11:48:36 EST
From:    "William B. Thacker" <wbt@CBEMF.ATT.COM>
Subject: POL: Washington Treaty

Wilber Williams writes:

> In Jack's text (which I appreciated!  ) he mentions the "Washington Naval
> Treaty" several times, and the effect on the design of the carriers.  Can
> somebody please give a synopsis of the Treaty, and the resultant
> limitations?

Context:  Since the 1860's a naval arms race had been a tremendous
political and military factor.  It started with France and Britain, but soon
involving every nation in Europe, plus the USA, Japan, and even some South
American countries.  Each nation competed to float the biggest guns, the
best armor, the most capital ships.  Technology innovations such as the
Dreadnought, the battlecruiser, and improved fire control led to expensive
wholesale revisions of entire fleets.

The battleship was the nuclear warhead of its day; the single, nastiest
thing a nation could build.  Navies in general served the role of
projecting a nation's muscle to influence both diplomacy and war.

All of this led to the Washington Naval Talks of 1921. In its day, this
meeting was the equivalent of a SALT conference.  In attendance were the
USA, Japan, Britain, France, and Italy.  The USSR, if memory serves,
ignored the conference (and wasn't really in the naval race anyway), while
Germany was officially disarmed, her navies limited by the Versailles
treaty.


The conference concluded with an agreement, the Washington Treaty, to limit
naval growth and power.  The main points were:

Battleships:

        Each nation was limited in the tonnage of battleships it could
float.  I can't remember the exact numbers, but the ratio of tonnage was
5-5-3; for every five tons the US got, Britain got 5 and Japan got 3.
France and Italy, I think, got 1.5 each.

        No battleship could exceed 35000 tons normal displacement.

        A "building holiday" for battleships would be observed for
10 years (*).  No new construction would be undertaken, and ships under
construction would not be completed, except a few which were almost
complete; specifically, the USS Colorado, West Virginia, and Maryland, and
the Japanese Nagato and Mutsu.  Many old battleships were to be scrapped or
demilitarized.

(* - I'm fuzzy about the ten years; it may have been 8 years with an option
to renew for another 8.)

        Once the holiday was over, all new battleships must carry guns of
14" caliber or smaller.  But since the US and Japan were being allowed to
complete the above-named ships, which carried 16" guns, Britain was
specifically allowed to build two new 16" battleships despite the building
holiday.  These were HMS Nelson and Rodney.


Carriers:

        The total tonnage of aircraft carriers was restricted similarly to
battleships.  (I think... again, I'm fuzzy.)   They could carry guns no
larger than 8" and were limited to 35,000 tons.



Cruisers:

        Separate total tonnage limits were set for Light Cruisers and Heavy
Cruisers.  No cruiser could exceed 10,000 tons.  Light Cruiser guns could
not exceed 6" caliber; Heavy Cruisers could not exceed 8".


Destroyers:

        Again, a total tonnage limit was set.  Destroyers could not exceed
1500 tons or carry guns larger than 5" caliber.  One destroyer in three (or
was it 1 in 5) could be a "destroyer leader" of up to 1750 tons.


I seem to recall that the treaty was for eight years, and was then renewed
for another eight.  One term was that any party wishing to abrogate or not
renew the treaty was obliged to notify the rest one year in advance.  I
think Japan did that in 1936, exactly one year before the treaty was to
expire.  If it's important, I can look it up (Siegfried Breyer's book has a
good summary).


The effects of the treaty were far-reaching.   In 1936, everyone was trying
to decide what to build when the holiday ended.  If the treaty got
extended, they 14" gun limit would remain; if not, nobody wanted to settle
for anything less than the best.  Japan, having already decided to abrogate
the treaty, was planning 18.1" guns for the Yamatos.  Britain decided to
plan on the treaty being renewed, thus the King George V class ended up
with 14" main guns (originally planned for three quadruple turrets, later
reduced to two quads and a double for stability).  Some bright guy in the
US figured that a quadruple 14" turret and a triple 16" turret, plus the
mechanisms to support them, weighed about the same, so the North Carolina
class was planned so as to be able to accept either once the results on
treaty renewal were known.

Japan used the treaty particularly well.  She demilitarized some of her
capital ships, but had them restored to fighting status before the war
begun.  The Mogami class of light cruisers carried 15 6-inch guns in triple
turrets, not unlike our own Brooklyn class; but the Mogamis were designed
for rapid conversion to double 8-inch turrets, converting them to heavy
cruisers in a matter of months.  Numerous Japanese cruisers and seaplane
tenders were purpose-built for easy conversion to aircraft carriers.  Her
destroyers were built to the 1500-ton limit, but had plenty of unused
buoyancy so that more weapons and equipment could be added for wartime.

Note, as I mentioned, that Germany was not involved in the Washington
Treaty.  To supplement the Versailles limitations, she negotiated a
separate treaty with Britain, the Anglo-German Naval Accord of 1930.  This
allowed her to build battleships of 35,000 tons, guns not to exceed 14"
(Versailles had limited her to ships of 10,000 tons, resulting in the
so-called "pocket battleships.")  This treaty led to construction of the
Scharnhorst and Gneisenau; Hitler opted for 11" guns, well below the treaty
limit, in order to appear non-threatening to Britain, because his naval
experts felt they were sufficient for the North Sea, and because they
were available.


That's the rough outline and the highlights.  Maybe someone else can clean
up my oversights and mis-remembrances.

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Bill Thacker             AT&T Network Systems       attmail!att!cbemf!wbt
(614) 860-5294           Columbus, Ohio              wbt@cbemf.att.com
                      Humpty Dumpty was pushed!

------------------------------

Date:    Wed, 8 Dec 1993 12:45:59 -0500
From:    jem3@CC.BELLCORE.COM
Subject: Commemorating D-Day in 1994

The following is from the USAF News Agency.


906.  D-Day veteran ID badges
     WASHINGTON (AFNS) -- World War II veterans planning to attend
U.S.-sponsored events in France next year commemorating the D-Day
invasion of Normandy can get free identification badges.
     The badges are strictly for identification and will not guarantee
preferred or reserved seating at events.  However, they will give
veterans priority for available space and help them through security,
said Veterans Affairs officials here.
     The VA is co-sponsoring the badges with the Defense Department.
     The badges will be issued December through April only to veterans
and will cover immediate family members planning to attend any of the
following ceremonies:
     -- June 5, airborne ceremony at St. Mere Eglise.
     -- June 6, U.S. Army Ranger assault, Point Du Hoc; Utah Beach
commemoration, Normandy; Omaha Beach commemoration, Normandy; U.S.
National Cemetery, Colleville Sur Mer.
     Badge applications are available by writing to the Veteran
Identification Program, World War II Commemoration Committee, 5001
Eisenhower Ave., Alexandria VA 22333.  Only one badge will be issued
per family.
     Applications should include the veterans' rank at the time of D-
Day, former unit or ship designation, tour group or association they
are traveling with, passport numbers of family members accompanying
them and the events they want to attend.  Veterans also should include
a copy of their World War II service discharge papers or a statement
why the document is unavailable.
     Families of deceased veterans can apply using the same procedures,
officials said.
--

      // \\
    //     \\                    Air Force News Agency
   |         |               Kelly Air Force Base, Texas, USA
   \\  {*}  //                   bergman@afpan.pa.af.mil
   \  CMSgt  /      ___________________ /____________________________________
   \  Mike   /
   \ Bergman /
     \     /

------------------------------

Date:    Wed, 8 Dec 1993 11:31:23 -0600
From:    "Robert J. Granvin" <rjg@UMNSTAT.STAT.UMN.EDU>
Subject: Re: Pearl Harbor Day

> Yes, the students I teach are woefully unaware of the past.  But,
> most seem woefully unaware of the present as well!  What's the
> answer?  I wish I knew!

Education.  Better education.  At least making education interesting.

> For what it is worth, IMHO, the date that the current college
> generation will remeber may be October, 1989 and the collapse
> of the Berlin Wall.  This is one of the most monumental events
> of the 20th C.

And yet at the same time, just another chapter in the story started
by what led up to and caused WWII...

The chain of events is as important as the specific action.  Otherwise,
what makes it monumental?

--
Robert J. Granvin                                    Southern Minnesota Wing
rjg@stat.umn.edu                                       Confederate Air Force

------------------------------

Date:    Wed, 8 Dec 1993 15:39:35 EST
From:    "William B. Thacker" <wbt@CBEMF.ATT.COM>
Subject: Re: Hitler and Pearl Harbor

Walter Bell writes:

> One of the great mysteries of the Pearl Harbor attack is why Adolf
> Hitler decided to declare war on the United States on December 11,
> 1941 after the Japanese kept him completely in the dark about the
> attack.

My belief is that Hitler felt we were practically at war already.  American
ships were delivering war supplies to Britain and sailing in British
convoys.  The US Government was extending credit to allow Britain (and
Russia) to buy these supplies.  Our warships were even attacking U-boats in
the Atlantic.  Short of sending in the Marines, we were already already
doing all we could to fight Germany. Declaring war allowed Germany to shoot
back.

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Bill Thacker             AT&T Network Systems       attmail!att!cbemf!wbt
(614) 860-5294           Columbus, Ohio              wbt@cbemf.att.com
                      Humpty Dumpty was pushed!

------------------------------

Date:    Wed, 8 Dec 1993 16:12:26 -0500
From:    Patrick Draper <pdrap@CTP.COM>
Subject: Re: Hitler and Pearl Harbor

>
> Walter Bell writes:
>
> > One of the great mysteries of the Pearl Harbor attack is why Adolf
> > Hitler decided to declare war on the United States on December 11,
> > 1941 after the Japanese kept him completely in the dark about the
> > attack.
>

I read in a book a long time ago (so I don't remember the reference) that
the prevailing attitude at the time was any country worth its salt doesn't
have war declared on it, it declares war on others. So, Hitler merely
wanted to get his declaration in ahead of the U.S.


--
 /\/\ |Patrick Draper                        Mr. Order, he runs at a|
/ /_.\|Cambridge Technology Partners, Inc.      good pace, but old  |
\  /./|e-mail: pdrap@ctp.com                      Mother chaos is   |
 \/\/ |Lansing, Michigan                          winning the race. |

------------------------------

Date:    Wed, 8 Dec 1993 17:13:27 -0500
From:    James E Irwin <paa5137@DPSC.DLA.MIL>
Subject: Media:Pearl Harbor Remembered

FYI

Reprinted from the Military Newswire Service, HQ Air Force
Reserve Public Affairs Office, Warner Robin AFB GA

ANNIVERSARY OF JAPANESE ATTACK ON PEARL HARBOR MARKED

     Silence fell over the Pearl Harbor Naval Shipyard at 7:55am
yesterday in memory of the Japanese attack 52 years ago that
plunged the United States into World War II.
    Overhead a Hawaii National Guard unit flew in a "missing
man" formation, with one spot empty in remembrance of the dead.
    The "day that will live in infamy" was further marked by
flowers being cast into the waters above the USS Arizona from a
memorial to the 1102 crewmen who remain entombed below.
    Speaking at a ceremony aboard the USS Arizona Memorial, Rear
Admiral William Retz said, "When I visit this memorial, I feel
the chill of regret being nudged aside by a feeling of resolve
that such a tragedy never happen again."  "The attack lasted
only three hours but its impact has lasted a lifetime," he added.
    In Washington, Jesse Brown, Secretary of Veteran Affairs,
laid a wreath at the Lone Sailor statue of the Navy Memorial in
Washington as a bugler played taps.  Six witnesses of the Pearl
Harbor attack were in attendance.
    Brown said those who died in the Japanese raid "are known to
us for their spirit, they are known to us for their greatness,
they are known to us for their sacrifice."
    Brown concluded by noting that the December 7, 1941 attack,
"...is a day that forever will beat in the pulse of history."


----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 James E. Irwin (Jim)                  Internet address:
 Defense Personnel Support Center        jirwin@dpsc.dla.mil
 2800 S. 20th Street                   215-737-8760
 Philadelphia PA  19101-8419           Autovon 444-8760

                     "Never in the field of human conflict
                     was so much owed by so many to so few."
                               Winston S. Churchill
----------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 9 Dec 1993 08:35:02 AEST
From:    ccwilber@UQVAX.CC.UQ.OZ.AU
Subject: Re: POL: Washington Treaty

Thanks to all why replied with information about the Washington treaty!

Wilber.

+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|Wilber WILLIAMS                            w.williams@cc.uq.edu.au      |
|Prentice Centre                            Telephone : +61 7 365 4232   |
|The University of Queensland               Facsimile : +61 7 365 4477   |
|Brisbane Qld 4072  AUSTRALIA                                            |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+

------------------------------

Date:    Wed, 8 Dec 1993 14:05:48 MST
From:    Clement Leibovitz <USERCLEL@UALTAMTS.BITNET>
Subject: <No subject given>

                    PLEASE POST
               +++++++++++++++++++++


                       THE CHAMBERLAIN-HITLER DEAL
                                             by Clement Leibovitz
                                             with a foreword by Tony Benn

excerpts from the foreword:

      It is by far the best book yet published about
      the causes and origins of the second world war
      ... Dr. Leibovitz has therefore, in this book,
      done more than lay bare the evidence which helps
      us understand the past and has actually written
      a text that helps us to understand the present
      and the future
      ... America and Britain may still have to pay a
      further price for the policies agreed at Munich..
      But at least, we have the benefit of this supreme
      work of scholarship to help us see that it does not
      happen again
           Tony Benn (British MP for Chesterfield, held several Cabinet
positions)

       This is a courageous and uncompromising study of
       the secret diplomacy leading to the second World
       War. That Neville Chamberlain offered German
       Chancellor Adolf Hitler a "free hand" in Central
       and Eastern Europe has been asserted by others, but
       no-one has documented the argument with the skill
       and tenacity of Clement Leibovitz. Dr. Leibovitz is
       brillant in the dissection of diplomatic records
       - in capturing the deliberate ambiguities, and
       necessary omissions, the apparently - but not really
       - trivial nuances. Establishment historians who think
       the origins of the war have been settled are going
       to be upset by Dr. Leibovitz. But can they refute his
       work?
             Larry Pratt (professor of Political Sciences at the University
of Alberta and author of "East of Malta, West of Suez")

The 550 pages book has been published by "Duval House Publishing", Edmonton

Enquiries about the book can be sent to

DUVAL HOUSE PUBLISHING
18228-102 Avenue, Edmonton Alberta
CANADA T5S-1S7          Phone: (403) 488-1390

Or to the author
Clement Leibovitz
4723, 143 st
Edmonton, Alberta
T6H-4C7 CANADA

tel: (403) 435-1559

------------------------------

End of WWII-L Digest - 7 Dec 1993 to 8 Dec 1993
***********************************************

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Status: O

There are 9 messages totalling 421 lines in this issue.

Topics of the day:

  1. POL:  Washington Naval Treaty
  2. USAAF 9 DEC 43
  3. Blue Angels Sked
  4. Hitler's declaration of war (3)
  5. The Tannaka Plan (2)
  6. Carrier-borne SNJ-3s on 7 Dec 41 ??!!

----------------------------------------------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 9 Dec 1993 03:00:01 CST
From:    Steve Alvin <salvin@HEARTLAND.BRADLEY.EDU>
Subject: Re: POL:  Washington Naval Treaty

I tried to send this last night, but as I was literaly typing the
last line, the system burped and went down!  I know some of this
has already been mentioned, but I think (hope :-)) I'm adding some
information.

In Nov. 1921 at the Washington Conference, US Secretary of State
Hughes suprised the assembled delegates by proposing deep cuts
in naval armaments.  He proposed:  1.  Cancellation of all current
capital ship construction and 2.  Further reduction in the strengths
of individual fleets by disposing older ships.  These were aimed
primarily at the three leading naval powers:  US, UK, & Japan.
Here is how each was to be affected:

UK
1.  Abandonment of the 4 newly laid down battle cruisers (the 1921
    Class Battle Crusiers)
2.  Scrapping of 11 battleships (King George V, Centurion, Ajax,
    Orion, Conqueror, Monarch, Thunderer, Colossus, Neptune, Erin
    & Agincourt) and 4 battle crusiers (Australia, New Zealand,
    Lion, and Princess Royal)  Note:  UK had recently decommissioned
    an additional 6 battleships and 2 battle cruisers

US
1.  Scrapping of 9 battleships under construction (Colorado, West
    Virginia, Washington, and the 6 ships of the South Dakota class)
    and six battle cruisers (Lexington class).
2.  Scrapping of 2 battleships (South Carolina and Michigan)

Japan
1.  Scrapping of three battleships under construction, (Mutsu, Tosa,
    and Kaga) and 4 battle crusisers (Amagi class)

The japanese argued that they should be allowed to keep the Mutsu,
arguing that it was already completed (and the Japanese school children
had donated part of their lunch money to pay for her).  So, the
US was allowed to keep the nearly finished Colorado and West Virginia.
The British agreed if they would be allowed to build two new
battleships (the Nelson & Rodney) and be able to keep the KGV,
Centurion, Ajax, and Thunderer in commision until the they were finished.
France was allowed to build one additional ship in 1927, Italy one
in 1929.

When all the cuts were complete, the UK would have 558,950 tons of
capital ships, the US 525,850, Japan 301,320, France 221,170, &
Italy 182,800.  By 1934 this tonnage was to be:  US & UK, 525,000,
Japan 315,000, and France & Italy 175,000--the famous 5-5-3 Ratio.

Qualitative limitations:

Ships could be replace when they reached their 20th year with new
constructions with in these guidelines:

1.  Maximum displacement of 35,000 tons
2.  Maximum cun calibre of 16 inches

Other Ships:
Total aircraft carrier tonnage was also limited to 135,000 for the
US & UK, 81,000 for Japan, and 60,000 for Italy & France.  Individual
carriers had a maximum displacement of 27,000 tons and were limited
to guns no larger than 8 inches.  Exceptions were made for the
US Lexington and Saratoga, which were to be built on battle cruise
hulls (33,000) and the Japanese Kaga, (29,600) which was build on
a battleship hull.

There was no total tonnage limitation on cruisers, but individual ships
were limited to 10,000 tons and guns no larger than 8 inches.
Suprisingly, despite UK objections, there were no limits on submarines.

The treaty would stay in force until 1936.

There were other naval agreements in the inter-war years.  In 1927
at the Geneva conference and in 1928 the Anglo-French agreement and
the Anglo-American agreements dealt primarily with cruisers.

In 1930, as spelled out by the Washington Treaty, the 1st London
Naval Conference was held.  It further reduced the number of UK,
US, and Japanese capital ships to 15 each for US & UK and 9 for
Japan.  The British decommisoned the battleships Iron Duke, Benbow,
Emperor of India, and Marlborough and the battlecruiser Tiger (all
but the Iron Duke were scrapped).  The U> S. decommisioned the
Florida, Utah and Wyoming (Only Florida scrapped).  The Japanese
demilitarized the fast battleship Hiei.  A mortiorium was put on
new capital ship construction until 12/31/36.  Formal limits on
cruiser tonnage was agreed to.  Only Japan, US, & UK signed

In 1935, the Anglo-German Naval Agreement was signed.  This allowed
the Germans to build a fleet up to 35% of the total UK tonnage.
This meant the Germans could build 183,750 tons of capital ships.
(Incidently, it was official acceptence by the UK govt that
the armament clauses in the Versailles Treaty were void).

With the Washington Naval Agreement due to expire at the end on
1936, UK hosted a conference in London in 1936 to work on a
replacement.  Only the U. S., UK, and France took part.  Japan
had announce, as was her right, in 1934 that it would no longer
follow the limitations once the agreement expired.  The 2nd
London Naval Treaty kept capital ship tonnage at 35,000 tons
but agreed to limit the size of guns to 14" if the Japanese
agreed, they didn't.  In 1938 a supplemental agreement raised
the tonnage to 45,000.  US, UK, France, and eventual Germany
and the USSR agreed to
this treaty.

--
Steve Alvin
salvin@heartland.bradley.edu

------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 9 Dec 1993 07:05:36 -0500
From:    jem3@CC.BELLCORE.COM
Subject: USAAF 9 DEC 43

COMBAT CHRONOLOGY OF THE US ARMY AIR FORCES
THURSDAY, 9 DECEMBER 1943
FTP SITES
  1. ftp.rutgers.edu in directory pub/wwii/usaf
  2. byrd.mu.wvnet.edu (129.71.32.152) in pub/history/military/airforce/
     wwii_chronology

AIRCRAFT MENTIONED IN THIS REPORT:
  A-20, Douglas Havoc
  A-36, North American Apache
  B-17, Boeing Flying Fortress
  B-24, Consolidated Liberator
  B-25, North American Mitchell
  B-26, Martin Marauder
  P-38, Lockheed Lightning
  P-39, Bell Airacobra
  P-40, Curtiss

CENTRAL PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Seventh Air Force): 19 B-24's from
Funafuti Atoll in the Ellice Islands bomb Mille Atoll in the Caroline Islands.
The B-24's claim 5 fighters destroyed.

CHINA-BURMA-INDIA THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  CHINA (Fourteenth Air Force): 15 B-25's bomb Wuchang and Hankow, and 3 bomb
Changte; P-40's strafe sampans above Nanhsien and attack targets of opportunity
in the Salween River area, including road traffic S of Hsia Chai, barracks at
Tachai, and the town of San Tsun.

MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  STRATEGIC OPERATIONS (Fifteenth Air Force): P-38's carry out weather
reconnaissance over the Adriatic Sea; B-17's of the 2d and 99th Bombardment
Groups (Heavy) are recalled because of weather; all groups of the 47th (B-24)
and 42d (B-26) Bombardment Wings cancel operations.
  HQ 2d Bombardment Group (Heavy) and it's 429th Bombardment Squadron
(Heavy) transfer from Bizerte, Tunisia to Amendola, Italy with B-17's.
  The 27th Fighter Squadron, 1st Fighter Group, transfers from Monserrato,
Sardinia to Gioia del Colle, Italy with P-38's.
  The 318th and 319th Fighter Squadrons, 325th Fighter Group, transfer from
Soliman, Tunisia to Foggia, Italy with P-40's.
  The 342d Bombardment Squadron (Heavy), 97th Bombardment Group (Heavy),
transfers from Depienne, Tunisia to Cerignola, Italy with B-17's.
  The 352d Bombardment Squadron (Heavy), 301st Bombardment Group (Heavy),
transfers from Oudna, Tunisia to Cerignola, Italy with B-17's.

  TACTICAL OPERATIONS (Twelfth Air Force): In Italy, B-25's bomb railway and
road bridges at Giulianova, tracks at Pescara and Teramo, and a marshalling
yard and ironworks at Terni; A-20's hit gun positions and bivouac area at
Sant' Elia Fiumerapido; A-36's and P-40's attack Orsogna and coastal targets
in support of the British Eighth Army, Avezzano marshalling yard and villages
along the US Fifth Army front, troops at San Pietro Infine and Viticuso and
nearby gun positions, viaduct and railway bridge E of Guidonia airfield,
crossing at Furbara, and trains and trucks in the Rome area. Brigadier
General George H Beverley takes over as the new Commanding General, XII
Troop Carrier Command (Provisional).

SOUTHWEST PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Fifth Air Force): 50 B-25's bomb and
strafe the coast of New Britain Island from Borgen Bay to Rein Bay. In New
Guinea, 19 B-25's and A-20's hit barges, coastal installations, and roads in
the Fortification Point area; 60+ P-39's hit Bogadjim Road, barges and enemy
held villages along the N coast of Huon Peninsula, and enemy positions in
the Ramu River valley.

SOURCES:
AIR FORCE COMBAT UNITS OF WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force History,
  Headquarters USAF, 1961, ISBN 0-912799-02-1
COMBAT SQUADRONS OF THE AIR FORCE, WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force
  History, Headquarters USAF 1982
THE ARMY AIR FORCES IN WORLD WAR II: COMBAT CHRONOLOGY, 1941-1945 by the
  Office of Air Force History, Headquarters USAF, 1973
THE MIGHTY EIGHTH WAR DIARY by Roger A. Freeman, ISBN 1-85409-071-2

Jack McKillop
USAF (Airways and Air Communications Service)
1955-59

-------------------------------------------------------------------
|  Jack McKillop         |  Those who have long enjoyed such      |
|  Bellcore              |  privileges as we enjoy forget in      |
|  Piscataway, NJ USA    |  time that men have died to win them.  |
|  jem3@cc.bellcore.com  |                       FDR              |
-------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 9 Dec 1993 07:34:03 -0500
From:    jem3@CC.BELLCORE.COM
Subject: Blue Angels Sked

-----------------------------------------------------------------
Navy News Service - NAVNEWS BY EMAIL
-----------------------------------------------------------------
   Short Splices
NNS958.  DoD Releases Blue Angels Demonstration Team 1994 Schedule
                               -USN-
         Short Splices
NNS958.  DoD Releases Blue Angels Demonstration Team 1994 Schedule
WASHINGTON (NNS) -- The 1994 schedule of performances for the Blue
Angels Demonstration Team is as follows:
Mar 12     NAF El Centro, California
    19     Dyess AFB, Texas
    26-27  Little Rock AFB, Arkansas
Apr  9-10  Punta Gorda, Florida
    16     Luke AFB, Arizona
    23-24  MCAS Beaufort, South Carolina
    29-30  MCAS El Toro, California
May  1     MCAS El Toro, California
     7-8   Roswell, New Mexico
    14-15  NAS Corpus Christi, Texas
    20-21  Andrews AFB, Maryland
    23-25  U.S. Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland
    28-29  Chattanooga, Tennessee
Jun  4-5   Huntington, West Virginia
    11-12  Selfridge ANGB, Michigan
    18-19  McConnell AFB, Kansas
    25-26  Davenport, Iowa
Jul  2-3   Traverse City, Michigan
     9-10  Eau Claire, Wisconsin
    16     Pensacola Beach, Florida
    23-24  Minot, North Dakota
    30-31  Springfield, Illinois
Aug  6-7   Seattle, Washington
    13-14  Abbottsford, British Columbia
    19-21  Miramar, California
    27-28  Chicago, Illinois
Sep  3-5   Cleveland, Ohio
    10-11  NAS Memphis, Tennessee
    17-18  Burlington, Vermont
    24-25  NAS Jacksonville, Florida
Oct  1-2   NAS Atlanta, Georgia
     8-9   San Francisco, California
    15-16  Salinas, California
    22-23  Ft. Worth, Texas
    29-30  NAS New Orleans, Louisiana
Nov  5-6   Miami, Florida
    11-12  NAS Pensacola, Florida
                              -USN-

------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 9 Dec 1993 10:14:48 EST
From:    GLAB000 <GLAB@SLUMUS.BITNET>
Subject: Hitler's declaration of war

IRT Hitler's declaration of war, I think that for both parties it was
merely a recognition of the fact that we were already at war
e.g. the incidents with the USS GARR and RUEBEN JONES.  The USN was
aready working closely with the Royal Navy, tracking/attacking the
u-boats and whenever a u-boat would defend itself against such an
action Roosevelt could use that in one of his fireside chats.

BTW, did anyone see the interesting program on the Lusitania on the
Discovery Channel?  It seems to be pretty much public knowledge that
the ship was carrying a huge amount of munitions.  The shocking part
was the fact that the escorts were suddenly withdrawn, leaving the
Lusitania totally exposed.  It appears that the RN wanted the ship
to be attacked in order to galvanize US public opinion against
Germany.  In retrospect, that single disaster did more eventual good
for the allied cause than any other event in 1915 in eventually
bringing the US in on the Allied side.

Dale Lally  W0OWF
St. Lawrence University
Canton NY
dlally@stlawu

------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 9 Dec 1993 11:36:36 EST
From:    "Michael A. Oaks" <moaks@KSCMAIL.KENNESAW.EDU>
Subject: The Tannaka Plan

    Has anyone seen any documentation on the "Tannaka Plan". In my brief
research I've heard that it was written around 1932 by Japanese Premier
Tannaka and the document is a layout of the Japanese plan for world
conquest. This may or may not be true so... Any info would be greatly
appreciated !!!  Maybe this subject will start a new line of thought
for the wwii group ...???
                           In advance I thank you!!

                             _______
Michael Oaks                |       |       Trust,
Kennesaw State College      |   o  _|_____      but Verify.
P.O. BOX 444                |___|_|       |
Mareitta, Ga. 30061               |   o  _|_____          \\\//
moaks@kscmail.Kennesaw.Edu        |___|_|       |         (o o)
(404)499-3049  FAX # (404)423-6541      |   o   |    -oOO--(_)--OOo-
                                        |___|___|          mao

------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 9 Dec 1993 13:47:30 EST
From:    Crane Conrad LTC <kc5318@USMA7.USMA.EDU>
Subject: Re: Hitler's declaration of war

>
>BTW, did anyone see the interesting program on the Lusitania on the
>Discovery Channel?  It seems to be pretty much public knowledge that
>the ship was carrying a huge amount of munitions.  The shocking part
>was the fact that the escorts were suddenly withdrawn, leaving the
>Lusitania totally exposed.  It appears that the RN wanted the ship
>to be attacked in order to galvanize US public opinion against
>Germany.  In retrospect, that single disaster did more eventual good
>for the allied cause than any other event in 1915 in eventually
>bringing the US in on the Allied side.
>
>Dale Lally  W0OWF
>St. Lawrence University
>Canton NY
>dlally@stlawu
>
Dale,
     I strongly recommend to you the book by Thomas Bailey and Paul Ryan, THE
LUSITANIA DISASTER.  It refutes the accusations about withdrawing escorts very
convincingly, as well as any other conspiracy theory.  The LUSITANIA was
adequately warned about the dangers, and the main reason for the disaster was
the incompetence of Captain Turner. The coverup occurred in the investigations,
afterwards, where British and American investigators were swayed by anti-German
feelings to cover up Turner's culpability.  The British were also partly to
blame because they had given all their ships, even passenger ships, orders to
ram submarines if sighted.  So technically, no British ship was a
nonbelligerent.  I am not giving the authors arguments enough justice here, but
I suggest you find the book.  It is an interesting combination of diplomatic
history and maritime law.  The show you saw was probably based on 1970's work
by Colin Simpson and the BBC, and Ryan and Bailey really shoot down their
arguments easily.

                                                       LTC Con Crane
                                                       USMA


alw.

------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 9 Dec 1993 19:18:40 -0600
From:    mslrc@UXA.ECN.BGU.EDU
Subject: Re: Hitler's declaration of war

I believe Doenitz was pressuring Hitler to let him send his "gray
  wolves" along the American seaboard.

Thanks to U.S. Navy incompetence/arrogance -- Ernie King's Anglo-
  phobia is credited for the Navy Department's refusal to adopt
  convoy tactics in American home waters -- the merchant marine
  massacre/debacle was substantively worse than Pearl Harbor in
  actual damage to the ALLIED cause.  (The Admiralty was so
  distraught that it detailed 20 A/S trawlers to help out their
  floundering American allies.)

Any swabbies out there want to comment?

Lou Coatney

     ...ITS floundering ...  not "their"

------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 9 Dec 1993 20:05:02 -0600
From:    mslrc@UXA.ECN.BGU.EDU
Subject: Carrier-borne SNJ-3s on 7 Dec 41 ??!!

WAIT a MINUTE, jem3!  Texans on carriers?  'Attached to bomber and
  torpedobomber squadrons?!

What gives -- er, gave?

Lou Coatney, WIU

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 10 Dec 1993 09:36:31 +0700
From:    "Peter E. Beal" <beal@NWG.NECTEC.OR.TH>
Subject: Re: The Tannaka Plan

On Thu, 9 Dec 1993, Michael A. Oaks wrote:

>     Has anyone seen any documentation on the "Tannaka Plan". In my brief
> research I've heard that it was written around 1932 by Japanese Premier
> Tannaka and the document is a layout of the Japanese plan for world
> conquest. This may or may not be true so... Any info would be greatly
> appreciated !!!  Maybe this subject will start a new line of thought
> for the wwii group ...???
>                            In advance I thank you!!
>
>                              _______
> Michael Oaks                |       |       Trust,
> Kennesaw State College      |   o  _|_____      but Verify.
> P.O. BOX 444                |___|_|       |
> Mareitta, Ga. 30061               |   o  _|_____          \\\//
> moaks@kscmail.Kennesaw.Edu        |___|_|       |         (o o)
> (404)499-3049  FAX # (404)423-6541      |   o   |    -oOO--(_)--OOo-
>                                         |___|___|          mao
>
Years ago I read a book called "Japan's Imperial Conspiricy" which
condems Hirohito for playing (discretely and from behind the scenes
[screens?]) a major role in Japan's planning for war, first in China and
then in the Pacific.   However, I do not remember an Tanaka plan.  It
was, I must admit, years ago that I read the book.  Anybody's memory
better than mine?

------------------------------

End of WWII-L Digest - 8 Dec 1993 to 9 Dec 1993
***********************************************

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Status: O

There are 31 messages totalling 1332 lines in this issue.

Topics of the day:

  1. where were you when... (7)
  2. The Tannaka Plan
  3. ADMIN: Have mercy on me!
  4. USAAF 10-12 DEC 43
  5. Hitler's declaration of war
  6. SNJ's (3)
  7. German aircraft carrier (2)
  8. US ARMY UNITS
  9. USAAF 11 December 1943 (3)
 10. US ARMY UNITS -- Stanton's O/B (4)
 11. where were you when... the Shuttle exploded?? (2)
 12. The Dalai Lama as WW2 buff
 13. TRIV: Post Hitler Revolution Name
 14. Biographic help?
 15. Ref: Re: THE PEARL HARBOR PAPERS
 16. Bicycle Tour of WWII Battlefields offered by L.A.W. in 1994

----------------------------------------------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 9 Dec 1993 22:37:11 +0800
From:    John Behrens <jbehrens@DHM.COM>
Subject: where were you when...

> Hit it on the head, you did.  It seems that every generation (loosely
> defining a generation) has a 'do you remember what you were doing when'
> day that sticks in their memory.  For the over-60 crowd, that day is
> Pearl Harbor Day.  For the rest, it is probably Nov 22nd, 1963.  For
> the latest crop of kids, who knows?
>

My first reply to this list.  I've been monitoring for about two months, just
reading and enjoying.

For us latest bunch of kids (I'm 24), that day would be the day the Shuttle
exploded.  I believe it was January 30, 1986.  I remember where I was when I
heard the news. Do you?

                                John Behrens

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 10 Dec 1993 06:15:36 EST
From:    Larry & Kim Jewell <jewell@MACE.CC.PURDUE.EDU>
Subject: Re: where were you when...

> My first reply to this list.  I've been monitoring for about two months, just
> reading and enjoying.
>
> For us latest bunch of kids (I'm 24), that day would be the day the Shuttle
> exploded.  I believe it was January 30, 1986.  I remember where I was when I
> heard the news. Do you?
>
>                                 John Behrens

I was on a helicopter carrier named, appropriately enough, PELELIU, in Long
Beach Harbor.

(You can catch a glimpse of her if you watch "Flight of the Intruder". During
the pause in the court-martial the guilty parties are setting on a picnic
table with some ships behind them. The little one is an IOWA-class BB, and
the big one is ole number 5, PELELIU. (This shot was taken from the end of
the breakwater at the L.B. Naval Station, not Olongapo, R.P.)

Larry (down memory lane) J


JEWELL@MACE.CC.PURDUE.EDU; Listowner: WWII-L; Moderator: BYRD.MU.WVNET.EDU
"Sunday's horoscope is note worthy because of its strange, sudden and wholly
unpredictable and inexplicable occurrences, affecting all phases of life."
Your Horoscope" L.A. Evening Herald Express, Sat, 12/06/41

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 10 Dec 1993 06:18:58 EST
From:    Larry & Kim Jewell <jewell@MACE.CC.PURDUE.EDU>
Subject: Re: The Tannaka Plan

I've heard mention of the "Tanaka Memorial", the memory is closely associated
with footage of new Ensigns bowing before doors depicting Togo's victory
over the Russians. I think Toland has something on this. I'll check this
weekend, unless someone beats me to it. From what I remember it was the
Japanese equivalent of the U.S. Rainbow Plans.

Larry J

JEWELL@MACE.CC.PURDUE.EDU; Listowner: WWII-L; Moderator: BYRD.MU.WVNET.EDU
"Sunday's horoscope is note worthy because of its strange, sudden and wholly
unpredictable and inexplicable occurrences, affecting all phases of life."
Your Horoscope" L.A. Evening Herald Express, Sat, 12/06/41

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 10 Dec 1993 06:52:56 EST
From:    Larry & Kim Jewell <jewell@MACE.CC.PURDUE.EDU>
Subject: ADMIN: Have mercy on me!

Over the holidays I get the great pleasure of handling expired accounts and
flooded mail boxes. If you would follow the appropriate instructions below
(ripped off wholesale from H-Net) you would make me less of a Scrooge this
year. If you have any problems is with listserv, send me e-mail.


  1. How to suspend WWII-L while out of town

    Many of our U.S. subscribers will be going on Thanksgiving
    vacation and we would like to advise those of you with
    limited mailbox space how to set the list to nomail. Just
    send a mailmessage to:
         listserv@ubvm.bitnet
    [no subject]
    [Message:]
          set wwii-l nomail
    As long as this setting is in effect, you will not receive any
    messages from wwii-l. When you get back, do the same thing,
    but the message should read:
         set wwii-l mail
    or   set wwii-l digest

  2. How to sign off WWII-L permanently.

     When your account is going away, please send a note to:
         listserv@ubvm.bitnet
    [no subject]
    [Message:]
          signoff wwii-l

I get an error message for every message sent to the list for every
closed account or full mailbox, sometimes hundreds per day. This occasionally
makes me wish for  a Baka bomb and a few home addresses.

Thanks for your assistance and further help available if needed.

Larry J

JEWELL@MACE.CC.PURDUE.EDU; Listowner: WWII-L; Moderator: BYRD.MU.WVNET.EDU
"Sunday's horoscope is note worthy because of its strange, sudden and wholly
unpredictable and inexplicable occurrences, affecting all phases of life."
Your Horoscope" L.A. Evening Herald Express, Sat, 12/06/41

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 10 Dec 1993 07:19:30 -0500
From:    jem3@CC.BELLCORE.COM
Subject: USAAF 10-12 DEC 43

COMBAT CHRONOLOGY OF THE US ARMY AIR FORCES
FTP SITES
  1. ftp.rutgers.edu in directory pub/wwii/usaf
  2. byrd.mu.wvnet.edu (129.71.32.152) in pub/history/military/airforce/
     wwii_chronology

AIRCRAFT MENTIONED IN THIS REPORT:
  A-36, North American Apache
  B-17, Boeing Flying Fortress
  B-24, Consolidated Liberator
  B-25, North American Mitchell
  B-26, Martin Marauder
  C-47, Douglas Skytrain
  F-5, Lockheed Lightning
  F-6, North American Mustang
  F-7, Consolidated Liberator
  P-38, Lockheed Lightning
  P-39, Bell Airacobra
  P-40, Curtiss
  P-47, Republic Thunderbolt
  P-51, North American Mustang
  Spitfire, Vickers Supermarine

FRIDAY, 10 DECEMBER 1943

CHINA-BURMA-INDIA THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  CHINA (Fourteenth Air Force): 12 B-25's and 15 P-40's attack the
marshalling  yard at Hanoi, French Indochina; the warehouse area and railroad
station  suffer heavy damage. Japanese aircraft bomb Hengyang Airfield in
China; 8 P-40's intercept 1 wave of airplanes over the field, shooting down
3 of them; 2 P-40's are lost in the combat.

EUROPEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  STRATEGIC OPERATIONS (Eighth Air Force): VIII Bomber Command Mission 150:
1 B-17 is dispatched on an OBOE test flight but turns back due to an oxygen
leak; two 2,000 pound (907 kg) bombs and a Photoflash are jettisoned off
the French coast. In the second part of this mission, 6 of 6 B-17's drop
1.2 million leaflets on Rouen, Paris, Caen and Amiens, France and Ghent,
Belgium at 2026-2102 hours. No losses.
  HQ 2d Bombardment Division transfers from Horsham St Faith to Ketteringham
Hall, England.

  TACTICAL OPERATIONS (Ninth Air Force): 20 German aircraft attack 4 Ninth
Air Force airfields in the UK (Gosfield, Andrews Field, Earls Colne, and
Great Dunmow), killing 8 and wounding 20+ men.
  HQ 434th Troop Carrier Group and it's 71st, 72d, 73d and 74th transfer from
Fulbeck to Welford Park, England with C-47's.

MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  STRATEGIC OPERATIONS (Fifteenth Air Force): B-24's, with fighter escort,
bomb a marshalling yard at Sofia, Bulgaria; P-38's fly weather reconnaissance
in the Sofia and Zara, Yugoslavia areas. B-26's hit bridge approaches W and E
of Ventimiglia, Italy.
  The 94th Fighter Squadron, 1st Fighter Group, transfers from Monserrato,
Sardinia to Gioia del Colle, Italy with P-38's.
  The 96th Bombardment Squadron (Heavy), 2d Bombardment Group (Heavy),
transfers from Massicault, Tunisia to Amendola, Italy with B-17's.
  The 317th Fighter Squadron, 325th Fighter Group, transfers from Soliman,
Tunisia to Foggia, Italy with P-47's.
  The 353d and 419th Bombardment Squadrons (Heavy), 301st Bombardment Group
(Heavy), transfer from Oudna, Tunisia to Cerignola, Italy with B-17's.

  TACTICAL OPERATIONS (Twelfth Air Force): In Italy, P-40's and A-36's attack
oil tanks, warehouses, railroads, and vessel at Civitavecchia, the town of
Acquafondata, and with Royal Air Force (RAF), South African Air Force (SAAF),
and Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) airplanes, hit tactical targets along
the British Eighth Army front, and later strafe road traffic in the Canosa
Sannita-Chieti area. Fighters also bomb a vessel in the harbor at Split,
Yugoslavia.
  HQ 310th Bombardment Group (Medium) transfers from Philippeville, Algeria
to Corsica.
  The 23d Photographic Reconnaissance Squadron, 5th Photographic Reconnaissance
Group, transfers from Foggia to San Severo, Italy with P-38's and F-5's.

SOUTH PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Thirteenth Air Force): On Bougainville
Island in the Solomon Islands, B-25's bomb the Kahili supply area and airfield;
P-39's bomb the supply area and AA positions at Tonolai and strafe 4 barges
in the harbor; Royal New Zealand Air Force (RNZAF) Ventura's hit buildings at
Arigua Plantation.

SOUTHWEST PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Fifth Air Force): 27 B-24's bomb
targets at Cape Gloucester on New Britain Island and the Huon Peninsula on
New Guinea. In New Guinea, 40 B-25's and B-26's bomb supply and bivouac areas
and bridges along the Bogadjim Road; P-39's strafe barges in the Madang area.
  HQ 6th Photographic Reconnaissance Group and it's 20th Combat Mapping
Squadron transfer from Brisbane, Queensland, Australia to Port Moresby, New
Guinea with B-24's and F-7's.
  HQ 43d Bombardment Group (Heavy) and it's 64th Bombardment Squadron (Heavy)
transfer from Port Moresby to Dobodura, New Guinea with B-24's.

SATURDAY, 11 DECEMBER 1943

AMERICAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  CARIBBEAN (Sixth Air Force): The 10th Bombardment Squadron (Medium), 25th
Bombardment Group (Medium), transfers from Waller Field, Trinidad to France
Field, Canal Zone with B-25's.

CHINA-BURMA-INDIA THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  CHINA (Fourteenth Air Force): In China, 14 B-25's and 10 P-40's attack
Shihshow and Ansiang; 3 B-24's bomb Hankow airfield; 9 P-40's intercept about
30 Japanese airplanes over Nanchang shortly after the enemy force bombs
Suichwan; the P-40's claim 10 aircraft shot down.

EUROPEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  STRATEGIC OPERATIONS (Eighth Air Force): VIII Bomber Command Mission 151:
437 of 490 B-17's and 86 of 93 B-24's hit the industrial area at Emden,
Germany at 1220-1312 hours; they claim 86-22-23 Luftwaffe aircraft; 15
B-17's and 2 B-24's are lost, 1 B-17 is damaged beyond repair and 120
B-17's and 18 B-24's are damaged; casualties are 2 KIA, 20 WIA and 185 MIA.
This mission is escorted by 31 P-38's, 313 P-47's and 44 Ninth Air Force
P-51's; they claim 21-0-7 Luftwaffe aircraft; 3 P-47's and 1 P-51 are lost;
1 P-47 and 1 P-51 are damaged beyond repair and 3 P-47's are damaged;
casualties are 1 KIA and 4 MIA.
  VIII Bomber Command Mission 152: 4 of 4 B-17's drop 800,000 leaflets on
Laval, Rennes, Le Mans and Nantes, France at 2026-2039 hours; no casualties.

  TACTICAL OPERATIONS (Ninth Air Force): HQ 67th Tactical Reconnaissance
Group and it's 107th Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron transfer from Membury
to Middle Wallop, England with Spitfires and F-6's.

MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  STRATEGIC OPERATIONS (Fifteenth Air Force): All operations except weather
reconnaissance are cancelled or recalled because of bad weather.
  HQ 99th Bombardment Group (Heavy) transfers from Oudna, Tunisia to
Tortorella Airfield, Italy.
  HQ 325th Fighter Group transfers from Soliman, Tunisia to Foggia, Italy.
  The 32d Bombardment Squadron (Heavy), 301st Bombardment Group (Heavy),
transfers from Oudna, Tunisia to Cerignola, Italy with B-17's.
  The 414th Bombardment Squadron (Heavy), 97th Bombardment Group (Heavy),
transfers from Depienne, Tunisia to Cerignola, Italy with B-17's.

  TACTICAL OPERATIONS (Twelfth Air Force): In Italy, P-40's and A-36's attack
Anzio, Nettuno, Viticuso, San Vittore del Lazio, Pontecorvo, Acquafondata,
the railway siding at Arce, tracks and junction N of Ostia, and railway
between Ostia and Lido di Roma. Weather causes abandonment of B-25 operations.

SOUTH PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Thirteenth Air Force): On Bougainville
Island in the Solomon Islands, 16 B-25's, in 2 waves, attack Kahili; several
other B-25's hit Arigua Plantation; 20+ B-24's bomb the village and wharf area
at Tsirogei; 8 P-39's bomb Tonolai; several aircraft on armed reconnaissance,
operating individually or in small flights, attack targets of opportunity
scattered throughout Bougainville and the Shortland Island area; Allied night
fighters carry out a strike on a Japanese bivouac along the Jaba River; others
hit Buka and Bonis.
  A detachment of the 17th Photographic Reconnaissance Squadron, 4th
Photographic Group (Reconnaissance), based on Guadalcanal Island in the
Solomon Islands, begins operating from Bougainville Island with F-5's.

SOUTHWEST PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Fifth Air Force): B-25's bomb and
strafe the Borgen Bay area on New Britain Island. In New Guinea, B-25's and
B-26's hit bivouacs and other installations near Fortification Point and in
the Finschhafen area. B-24's bomb Makassar on Celebes Island and Balikpapan,
Borneo.
  The 65th Bombardment Squadron (Heavy), 43d Bombardment Group (Heavy),
transfers from Port Moresby to Dobodura, New Guinea with B-24's.
  The 80th Fighter Squadron, 8th Fighter Group, transfers from Port Moresby
to Dobodura, New Guinea with P-38's.

SUNDAY, 12 DECEMBER 1943

CENTRAL PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Seventh Air Force): 25 B-24's flying
out of Ellice Island bases, bomb Emidj Island in the Marshall Islands.

CHINA-BURMA-INDIA THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  BURMA-INDIA (Tenth Air Force): In Burma, 28 B-25's and 13 B-24's carry out
a saturation bombing strike against bridge at Myittha, over which a large
volume of Japanese goods is flowing to the N. Despite this large air effort
only the approach spans suffer effective damage.

  CHINA (Fourteenth Air Force): In China, 41 Japanese bombers and fighters
bomb the W side of Hengyang Airfield, causing considerable damage; 31 P-40's
and 6 P-38's intercept the enemy force, claiming 20 airplanes shot down; 2
P-40's are lost. 9 B-24's bomb Hankow airfield.

EUROPEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  STRATEGIC OPERATIONS (Eighth Air Force): VIII Bomber Command Mission 153:
4 B-17's drop 800,000 leaflets on Paris, Amiens and Orleans, France at
2033-2044 hours; no casualties.
  HQ 92d and 94th Combat Bombardment Wings (Heavy) transfer from Polebrook
to Camp Blainey and Alconbury, England respectively.
  HQ 95th Combat Bombardment Wing (Heavy) is activated at Attlebridge,
England.

  TACTICAL OPERATIONS (Ninth Air Force): The 109th Tactical Reconnaissance
Squadron, 67th Tactical Reconnaissance Group, transfers from Membury to
Middle Wallop, England with Spitfires and F-6's.

MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  STRATEGIC OPERATIONS (Fifteenth Air Force): Operations are limited to
weather reconnaissance.
  HQ 14th Fighter Group and it's 37th Fighter Squadron transfer from
Ste-Marie-du-Zit, Tunisia to Triolo Airfield, Italy with P-38's.
  The 341st Bombardment Squadron (Heavy), 97th Bombardment Group (Heavy),
transfers from Depienne, Tunisia to Cerignola, Italy with B-17's.

  TACTICAL OPERATIONS (Twelfth Air Force): Weather curtails operations. In
Italy, B-25's bomb the road, railroad, and landing ground at Terracina; P-40
and A-36 fighter-bombers hit trucks along roads in the Chieti-Francavilla
area and bomb the town of Itri; fighters fly patrols and reconnaissance over
the battle area.
  The 10th Troop Carrier Squadron, 60th Troop Carrier Group, transfers from
Gerbini, Sicily to Pomigliano, Italy with C-47's.

SOUTH PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Thirteenth Air Force): On Bougainville
Island in the Solomon Islands, 6 B-25's strafe Arigua Plantation; 9 others,
with fighter support, bomb the supply area at Bonis; the fighters afterwards
strafe Japanese forces between Kieta and the Aropa River; other fighter
aircraft strafe the harbor at Tonolai and cover US Navy (USN) dive bomber
strikes against targets in the Ratsua-Porton-Chabai-Soraken areas and the
Kieta Harbor-Tobera Bay area; and 20+ B-24's bomb the Kahili area and
Poporang.

SOUTHWEST PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Fifth Air Force): In New Guinea,
P-40's dive-bomb Bogadjim Road. B-24's make light raids on Ceram Island in
the Moluccas Islands and in the far W part of Netherlands New Guinea.

SOURCES:
AIR FORCE COMBAT UNITS OF WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force History,
  Headquarters USAF, 1961, ISBN 0-912799-02-1
COMBAT SQUADRONS OF THE AIR FORCE, WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force
  History, Headquarters USAF 1982
THE ARMY AIR FORCES IN WORLD WAR II: COMBAT CHRONOLOGY, 1941-1945 by the
  Office of Air Force History, Headquarters USAF, 1973
THE MIGHTY EIGHTH WAR DIARY by Roger A. Freeman, ISBN 1-85409-071-2

Jack McKillop
USAF (Airways and Air Communications Service)
1955-59

-------------------------------------------------------------------
|  Jack McKillop         |  Those who have long enjoyed such      |
|  Bellcore              |  privileges as we enjoy forget in      |
|  Piscataway, NJ USA    |  time that men have died to win them.  |
|  jem3@cc.bellcore.com  |                       FDR              |
-------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 10 Dec 1993 07:47:05 EST
From:    Ken Koester <MAINT2@ERS.BITNET>
Subject: Re: Hitler's declaration of war

On Thu, 9 Dec 1993 10:14:48 EST GLAB000 said:
>. . . Lusitania totally exposed.  It appears that the RN wanted the ship
>to be attacked in order to galvanize US public opinion against
>Germany.  In retrospect, that single disaster did more eventual good
>for the allied cause than any other event in 1915 in eventually
>bringing the US in on the Allied side.

As far as 1915, yes.  But the real cause was the Zimmerman note, which
also has British hands on it (-:  Ship sinkings made feelings run high, but
so did the British blockade.  It took an actual, if looney, proposed plot
between Germany and Mexico to pull the U.S. in.

ken koester
maint2@ers.bitnet

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 10 Dec 1993 07:54:17 -0500
From:    jem3@CC.BELLCORE.COM
Subject: SNJ's

>WAIT a MINUTE, jem3!  Texans on carriers?  'Attached to bomber and
>  torpedobomber squadrons?!

>What gives -- er, gave?

>Lou Coatney, WIU

Lou,
This is what I said:

"At that time, the Ranger Air Group consisted of:
  Fighting Squadron Forty One (VF-41) with 17 Grumman F4F-3 Wildcats and 2
    North American SNJ-3 Texans

"The Yorktown Air Group consisted of:
  Scouting Squadron Five (VS-5) with 19 Douglas SBD-3 Dauntless' and 2
    North American SNJ-3 Texans

"the Enterprise Air Group consisted of:
  Torpedo Squadron Six (VT-6) with 18 Douglas TBD-1 Devastators and 2 North
    American SNJ-3 Texans

"The Wasp Air Group consisted of:
  Fighting Squadron Seventy Two (VF-72) with 17 Grumman F4F-3 Wildcats, 2
    Vought SB2U-2 Vindicators and 1 North American SNJ-3 Texan"

Notice that I did not say that the SNJ's were aboard the carrier; all I
said was that the squadron had SNJ's assigned.  The only ship I know about
is the Enterprise.  If you read my other 12/7 post about the aviation units
in Hawaii, the only Enterprise Air Group aircraft on Ford Island was an
SBD-2 so if SNJ's were assigned, they must have been on the carrier.  As
far as the other Air Groups are concerned, I don't know whether the SNJ's
were aboard the carrier or shore based.

-------------------------------------------------------------------
|  Jack McKillop         |  Those who have long enjoyed such      |
|  Bellcore              |  privileges as we enjoy forget in      |
|  Piscataway, NJ USA    |  time that men have died to win them.  |
|  jem3@cc.bellcore.com  |                       FDR              |
-------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 9 Dec 1993 07:04:17 GMT-6
From:    Terry Moore <RTMOORE@PCAD-ML.ACTX.EDU>
Subject: Re: German aircraft carrier

Date sent:      Mon, 6 Dec 1993 09:53:30 MET
Send reply to:  World War II Discussion List <WWII-L@UBVM.cc.buffalo.edu>
From:           Ireneusz Jakobik <SCUD%PLSZUS11.BITNET@UBVM.cc.buffalo.edu>
Subject:        German aircraft carrier
To:             Multiple recipients of list WWII-L <WWII-L@UBVM.cc.buffalo.edu>

Irek,

The postings on this topic have been excellent dealing with this
topic, and there isn't anything I can add to what has already been
said.

Terry
----------------------------------------------------------------------
 Hello all,
I'd like to know something more about German aircraft carrier Graf Zeppelin.
Germans had started to build her during the war, but later the order for her
was cancelled. They even built over 100 Ju-87 with landing hook and other
features common for aircraft carrier based aircraft. I have following questions
about Graf Zeppelin: Who ordered to build her? Would her be the only one German
aircraft carrier? What would be the use of her (invasion of Britain from the
north-west, or what)?, and finally why Germans cancelled order for Graf
Zeppelin?
-Irek.


Terry Moore, Professor of German and French, Amarillo College
P.O. Box 447, Amarillo, Texas 79178, voice 806-371-5077
fax 806-371-5370

------------------------------

Date:    Wed, 8 Dec 1993 06:57:17 GMT-6
From:    Terry Moore <RTMOORE@PCAD-ML.ACTX.EDU>
Subject: Re: US ARMY UNITS

Jack,

Thank you very much for this very interesting post.

Terry

Terry Moore, Professor of German and French, Amarillo College
P.O. Box 447, Amarillo, Texas 79178, voice 806-371-5077
fax 806-371-5370

------------------------------

Date:    Wed, 8 Dec 1993 06:53:49 GMT-6
From:    Terry Moore <RTMOORE@PCAD-ML.ACTX.EDU>
Subject: Re: German aircraft carrier

Date sent:      Mon, 6 Dec 1993 09:53:30 MET
Send reply to:  World War II Discussion List <WWII-L@UBVM.cc.buffalo.edu>
From:           Ireneusz Jakobik <SCUD%PLSZUS11.BITNET@UBVM.cc.buffalo.edu>
Subject:        German aircraft carrier
To:             Multiple recipients of list WWII-L <WWII-L@UBVM.cc.buffalo.edu>

Irek,

If you will give me a day, I will be able to answer your questions.
The exigencies of the war prevented the Germans from completing the
project.

Terry


 Hello all,
I'd like to know something more about German aircraft carrier Graf Zeppelin.
Germans had started to build her during the war, but later the order for her
was cancelled. They even built over 100 Ju-87 with landing hook and other
features common for aircraft carrier based aircraft. I have following questions
about Graf Zeppelin: Who ordered to build her? Would her be the only one German
aircraft carrier? What would be the use of her (invasion of Britain from the
north-west, or what)?, and finally why Germans cancelled order for Graf
Zeppelin?
-Irek.




Terry Moore, Professor of German and French, Amarillo College
P.O. Box 447, Amarillo, Texas 79178, voice 806-371-5077
fax 806-371-5370

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 10 Dec 1993 08:14:24 -0400
From:    "Dennis E. Sparks" <SPARKS@CAER.UKY.EDU>
Subject: Re: USAAF 11 December 1943

     This is a four page exerpt from the diary of my great-uncle,
     Harold Eugene Sparks, who was a flight engineer/top turret gunner
     on a B-17 in the 8th AF.  I ask you to please read on.


     November 21st, 1943
     This, I hope, is going to be a record of twenty-five successful
     missions of our Flying Fortress crew operating from England on
     raids against Germany and it's occupied countries.  How our crew
     was assembled and the time we spent in training is another and
     far less important story.  In brief, our crew as it now stands
     was finally completed at Grand Island, Nebraska October 8th 1943.
     There we picked up the last member to replace our former radio
     operator who went into cadet training.  Our crew then consisted
     of the following:

       Lt. J.D. Moore, Arizona, our pilot
       Lt. Malcolm Healey, Alabama, co-pilot
       Lt. Howard Stanberry, Ohio, navigator
       Lt. Leonard Eaton, Oregon, bombardier
       myself, engineer
       Sgt. Robert Byard, Indiana, Asst Eng.
       S'Sgt Frank Abbadessa, New Jersey, Radio
       Sgt. Paul Claybaugh, Penn., Asst Radio
       Sgt. Marvin Ritter, Texas, armorer
       and Sgt. Donald Rybolt, Ind. Asst AG

     I can't say that our crew was ever any too eager to get into
     combat, but I do believe that all of us did our best to prepare
     ourselves as well as we could.  I suppose that every combat crew
     considers its pilot the best in the world whether he's worth a
     damn or not so all I'm going to say is that Lt. Moore was the
     best pilot I've ever flown with and I've flown with some damned
     good pilots.  I don't ever expect or intend for anyone to read
     what I'm writing unless I get knocked down and then I won't care,
     so I'm going to say exactly what I please.

     (My note:  At this point my uncle goes on to describe himself and
     the other members of the crew.  I've deleted his descriptions for
     the sake of privacy and brevity.)

     All of the enlisted men are first class when it comes to
     willingness to to assume their share of the work around the
     plane.  They're a damned good crew and I'd put them up against
     any crew in combat.  I consider myself as lucky as can be to have
     fallen in with such a good bunch.

     We left Grand Island about the twelth of October in a brand new
     B-17G on our way to the P.O.E. at Presque Isle, Maine.  After
     being forced down at Ft. Wayne for a few hours by bad weather and
     three days at Syracuse, New York we got to Presque Isle about the
     15th.  Weather held us there for several days before we were able
     to take off for Goose Bay, Labrador.  We spent one night there
     and took off the next night at about twelve o'clock for our






     longest leg of our trip to England.  Iceland was about 1700 miles
     from Goose Bay and we made the trip in eight hours and a quarter
     without any trouble except the cold.  Our heating system went out
     and we spent eight very miserable hours a temperature of about 25
     below zero.  We flew at 14,000 feet over an undercast almost the
     entire journey and the first sight I had of Iceland was when land
     somehow emerged from the continual clouds.  We came in only a few
     hundred feet above the water and I was sure glad to see that
     land.  I was so damned cold and so mad from lack of oxygen that I
     probably would have been giving everybody hell if we had been
     forced to fly much farther.

     We landed in Iceland on the 27th and refueled with the
     expectation of taking off the next morning.  However we spent two
     long weeks of changing wing covers, cleaning off ice the wings
     and generally trying to keep the plane fit for any break in the
     weather.  Our two weeks in Iceland wasn't so bad except for the
     lack of all forms of amusement.  The only town of any size was
     the capital which was about forty miles away.  We went there once
     but the people are all pro-Nazi and so unfriendly.  That once was
     enough.  We couldn't understand them and they couldn't understand
     us though so I suppose that was the trouble as much as anything.
     One thing they did understand was money and the poor GIs really
     took a beating.  An Icelander would have to be a millionaire to
     live according to the prices we were charged.  Their money is
     based on the "Krona" which is worth about 15.5 cents.  They have
     a smaller coin the "aurar" of which it takes 100 to make a
     "Krona".  The word for girl in Icelandic is "Stuka" and I've
     often wondered if that was where the Jerries got their name for
     their famous dive-bomber.  Some of those wenches in Reykewyck
     were really that.  I've never seen so many blondes and red heads.
     The men are all fair too and tough looking as hell.  We were all
     very much surprised at how well all the people dressed.  The
     women and the girls in the most modern styles and you could not
     have picked the men out of any New York crowd.  There were a
     surprising number of new U.S. cars on the strets too considering
     that a 1942 Dodge costs about 3000 dollars in Iceland.

     We left Iceland on the 14th and flew across the North Sea to
     Prestwyck, Scotland.  The trip was about 900 miles and we made it
     in less than four hours.  We stayed in Prestwyck one night and
     then took our plane to Burtonwood, England to a modification
     center where we turned it over for good.  I hated to lose it for
     it was a damned good plane and plenty fast.  Our trip to
     Burtonwood was uneventful enough except that we flew in rain and
     hail about 400 feet over the sea for two hours.  It was a pretty
     rough ride, sure enough.

     We remained at Burtonwood one night and started the next day for
     Stone which is a replacement center for the heavy bomber command.
     We stayed for three days and were then shipped to this base.  The
     412th Bomb Squadron of the 95th Bomb Group.  This will more than
     likely be the seat of all our operations as a crew.  Today is the
     22nd of November 1943.  We have spent the past few days in ground






     school preparing ourselves for combat.  From this time on I shall
     try to keep our record straight and I hope that soon I can write
     "25th mission completed".


     Nov 23rd
     We all went to ground school today.  Most of the lectures we were
     given were a repetition of the ones we were given in the States
     so I can't say I learned much.  At night there was an air raid
     alert at a town near here and we got our first view of the sky
     filled with searchlights.  It's a very beautiful sight if you can
     forget the hell behind them.


     Nov. 24th
     Ground school again and no excitement.  we saw flares dropped a
     few miles from but didn't know if they were ours or Jerry's.


     Nov 25th
     Today was Thanksgiving day.  The squadron was on alert and most
     of the boys expected to spend the day over Germany.  However the
     raid was called off and the boys really did give thanks.  We had
     a good dinner with all the usual trimmings.  This was our first
     Thanksgiving outside the States and I hope it's our last.


     Nov. 26th
     My crew was supposed to have been sent to a gunnery school today
     but for some reason we did'nt go.  Lt. Moore came round and told
     me that I was to made Staff the first of the month.  I'm sure
     glad because I think I should have had it long ago.  All the
     other Engineers in the other groups were made staff months ago.
     Well, I'm sure from now on I'll get what's coming to me good or
     bad for I know Lt. Moore will do his best for me and everyone in
     the crew.  He told me that Tex was made buck again and that he'd
     tried his best to get Staff for him too.  Tex really got a dirty
     deal and I wish he could have made Staff.  That would have made
     up for it a little.  I believe the boss will see that he gets a
     break as soon as possible.


     Nov 27th
     We are leaving for the gunnery school today at 10:00.  It is on
     the Wash and from all reports is plenty bad.


     Dec 1st
     We got back from the Wash and while the school wasn't nearly as
     bad as had been pictured it was still plenty bad.  Our first
     night we slept in an unfinished Nissen hut without a roof.  Of
     course it had to rain and we got plenty wet.  The school was a
     waste of time and money as far as I was concerned.  I fired about
     40 rds of (skeet?) and about 175 rds of 50 cal.  That was all the






     practical good I got.  The other boys fired about 400 rds.  Chow
     was lousy and the weather worse.  I imagine the Wash is swell in
     summer.  When we got back to the base we learned that one of our
     crews was shot down in a raid over Bremen.  I think from the
     looks of things that we will be in action soon.


     Dec 2nd
     We loafed all day until afternoon when we were supposed to make a
     practice flight.  I had to send some dough home so I didn't go.
     I was sorry later when I found that our plane was forced down
     somewhere in England.  I'd sure been glad to be along.  The
     entire crew drew per diem for our trip "across" today too.  It
     amounted to $97.25 and sure was welcome.  I sent $250 home today.
     Most of that was poker winnings.


     Dec 3rd
     Smitty and I borrowed two bikes today and rode all over hell and
     half of Georgia getting our equipment together.  I imagine I'll
     be plenty tired tomorrow.  Bad weather today - no raids.


     Dec 4th
     This evening we were alerted to go on our first combat mission.
     The crew spent about two hours in feverish preparation and then
     Lt. Moore came around to tell us the deal was off.  We were
     disappointed as hell.  That may sound foolish but we all know
     we've got to start one day so it might as well be now.


     Dec 5th
     The old crews raided Bordeaux, France today.  The mission was a
     bust though since there was an overcast and the target was
     obscured.  We never bomb French towns without a clear view of the
     target.  I'd sure like to have the price of the gasoline used in
     that raid and the value of the bombs dropped in the ocean.  A
     British Lancaster was forced down on our field this morning all
     shot to hell and back.  The tail gunner was killed and his turret
     completely riddled.  This is rough business and no joke.


     Dec 6th
     Flew a practice high altitude mission today - three hours.  Our
     crew is just about ready for anything and we've been put on the
     alert for the next combat mission.


     Dec 7th
     Bad ground fog.  No flights - no school.


     Dec 8th
     Still bad ground fog but clearing.  Alerted again.






     This was the last entry in my uncle's diary.  On 11 December,
     they flew their only mission.  The target for Mission #151 was
     Emden, Germany.  Approaching from the North Sea, the bombers were
     attacked by rocket-firing Bf 110s.  My uncle's aircraft was hit,
     crashing into the sea between the coastal town of Esens and
     Langeoog, one of the Frisian Islands.  Six parachutes were
     observed leaving the stricken aircraft, but none of the crew were
     recovered.  There were declared MIA, changed to KIA one year
     later.  His personal effects, including the diary, were returned
     after the war.


     Dennis E. Sparks
     SPARKS@CAER.UKY.EDU
     Lexington, Kentucky

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 10 Dec 1993 08:38:31 -0600
From:    John Lundstrom <jl@CSD4.CSD.UWM.EDU>
Subject: Re: SNJ's

Lou & Jack,
        Navy squadrons often had a few SNJs on strength for training
purposes, but they always remained behind when the squadron actively
deployed on a carrier. In 1942 the only time I know an SNJ was sent to
a forward area was in August 1942 when the forward echelon of MAG-23
had one on the auxiliary carrier LONG ISLAND. After VMF-223 & VMSB-232
flew into Guadalcanal, the SNJ ended up at Efate, where Lt.Col. "Indian
Joe" Bauer used it to fly between Espiritu Santo & Efate.

John Lundstrom jl@csd4.csd.uwm.edu

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 10 Dec 1993 09:35:09 -0600
From:    mslrc@UXA.ECN.BGU.EDU
Subject: Re: US ARMY UNITS -- Stanton's O/B

Shelby Stanton's WW II U.S. Army order of battle book -- which
  retailed for $60 -- is available from Hamilton mailorder for
  $15 (plus postage).

Lou Coatney, WIU

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 10 Dec 1993 09:38:39 -0600
From:    mslrc@UXA.ECN.BGU.EDU
Subject: Re: where were you when... the Shuttle exploded??

No, John, I don't remember.  While I am (generationally) tempted to
  say "No big deal.", it certainly was a timely lesson in the
  fallability/risks of strategic technology (as well as a tragic
  loss for the astronauts' families.)

Lou Coatney

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 10 Dec 1993 11:11:37 EST
From:    Charles Reace <creace@ISD.CSC.COM>
Subject: Re: US ARMY UNITS -- Stanton's O/B

> Shelby Stanton's WW II U.S. Army order of battle book -- which
>   retailed for $60 -- is available from Hamilton mailorder for
>   $15 (plus postage).
>
> Lou Coatney, WIU

Lou, perhaps I missed an earlier message(s).  Can you tell me something
about this book (quality, level of detail, scope)?  Also, since I'm
always looking for good OOB sources, how about a phone number or address
for this Hamilton mailorder company?

Thanks.

  __|  __|  __|  |  Charles Reace <creace@isd.csc.com>
_|   _|   _|     |
 |       | |     |  Computer Sciences Corp., Integrated Systems Div.
 ___|____/ ___|  |  304 W. Rte. 38, Moorestown, NJ 08057

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 10 Dec 1993 10:06:15 -0600
From:    mslrc@UXA.ECN.BGU.EDU
Subject: Re: SNJ's

Thanks, John.  'Figured you might have the answer.

(And thank you, Jack, for the excellent Pearl Harbor post.  I had
  never been able to find the exact 7 Dec 41 plane complements for
  the Hawaiian air bases/stations.)

Lou Coatney, WIU

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 10 Dec 1993 10:26:57 -0600
From:    John S Murray <murrajs@MAIL.AUBURN.EDU>
Subject: Re: where were you when...

I was a high school freshman sitting in a health class when the principal
announced the news on the PA.  We watched CNN for much of the afternoon,
watching the explosion over and over.  Because of such instant access to
the event, I think our generation's "big memory" had an immediacy unlike
Pearl Harbor or JFK.

Steve Murray

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 10 Dec 1993 11:36:00 EST
From:    Charles Reace <creace@ISD.CSC.COM>
Subject: Re: where were you when... the Shuttle exploded??

I was only 7 years old when JFK was shot, so while I remember it, it did
not have the sudden impact on my life as it did for many older people.
When you consider Pearl Harbor, it was one single event which changed
everybody's viewpoint on his/her future in almost an instant -- you new
that suddenly you were in a world war.  JFK's assassination was similiar
in that it was one sudden, shocking event that changed many people's
outlook on life to a more cynical one.

Since then, I've lived through some significant experiences:  the end
of the Viet Nam war (Whew! I *just* missed it), Watergate, and the
dissolution of the Soviet Union and Warsaw Pact (perhaps historically
the most significant).  But, none of these had one defining moment
which was burnt into my memory so that "I remember where I was when . . ."

Yes, I remember the Shuttle exploding, but I don't remember the date,
and never will.  It was not an event which suddenly change my life or
had a major impact on the course of history (unless slowing down space
exploration eventually has some major impact).

Oh well, enough rambling on this barely WWII topic.

  __|  __|  __|  |  Charles Reace <creace@isd.csc.com>
_|   _|   _|     |
 |       | |     |  Computer Sciences Corp., Integrated Systems Div.
 ___|____/ ___|  |  304 W. Rte. 38, Moorestown, NJ 08057

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 10 Dec 1993 12:14:17 EST5EDT
From:    Jonathan Kay <JONKAY@MINMET.LAN.MCGILL.CA>
Subject: Re: USAAF 11 December 1943

Thanks to Dennis Sparks' posting of his great-uncle's diary.
It was the most interesting and compelling piece I have seen posted on
this discussion group since I have joined.



JONKAY@MINMET.LAN.MCGILL.CA

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 10 Dec 1993 14:17:31 -0500
From:    "Gregory S. Rogers" <rogersg@ENG.UMD.EDU>
Subject: Re: where were you when...

I am 26 and this is essentially my first.

Yeah, I wouold agree,  the one event that left the biggest impact
on me and is still in my mind is the Challenger explosion.  It at least
shook the whole country(foreigners?).  can't remember the day...
i was in univ. at Embry-Roddle in Daytona Beach.  You can see the ascent
from there.  The plume was very visible.  The monitors in all the classees
were showing CNN.  (Darn teacher turned it off).  I was in the Dr. office
at the time.  I laughed at the news because I thought the person telling it
to everyone was just mistaken ....  "it couldn't happen."  It did.  Def.
a tragic event.  BTW, judith Resnik is a UMd grad.... we now have a
conference room dedicated in her memory, at ERAU there is a painting of the
seven astro. taken from the pre-event picture.  yeah, definate impact.
Do you think in the early 17th cent. it was Galilieo and the jupiter Moon
sightings.

(editor's note:  This person has BS aeronautical eng. and is seeking MS AE.)

--SCOTT

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 10 Dec 1993 14:25:05 EST
From:    Ken Koester <MAINT2@ERS.BITNET>
Subject: Re: where were you when...

On Fri, 10 Dec 1993 14:17:31 -0500 Gregory S. Rogers said:
>a tragic event.  BTW, judith Resnik is a UMd grad.... we now have a
>conference room dedicated in her memory, at ERAU there is a painting of the
>seven astro. taken from the pre-event picture.  yeah, definate impact.
>Do you think in the early 17th cent. it was Galilieo and the jupiter Moon
>sightings.

No.  Probably the assassination of Henri IV.  Or possibly the Defenestration
of Prague, depending on who you were & where you were.  Other possibilities
would include the Fronde--certainly Louis XIV never forgot it (-: --the
attempted arrest of Mr. Pym by Charles I, or the latter's losing his head
shortly after losing his crown.  Galileo touched relatively few lives
compared to these events.  The problem with all of these pre-electronic
events, of course, is that there was no *one* day for everyone to look
back on & remember--news traveled too slowly.  But the events themselves
as news rippled outwards may have stirred the consciousness of those living
in analogous fashion.

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 10 Dec 1993 14:20:43 GMT-6
From:    Terry Moore <RTMOORE@PCAD-ML.ACTX.EDU>
Subject: Re: US ARMY UNITS -- Stanton's O/B

Date sent:      Fri, 10 Dec 1993 11:11:37 EST
Send reply to:  World War II Discussion List <WWII-L@UBVM.cc.buffalo.edu>
From:           Charles Reace <creace@ISD.CSC.COM>
Subject:        Re: US ARMY UNITS -- Stanton's O/B
Originally to:  WWII-L@UBVM.cc.buffalo.edu
To:             Multiple recipients of list WWII-L <WWII-L@UBVM.cc.buffalo.edu>



Charles,

That book can be had for much less than the $15.00 shipping and
handling. I bought my copy through QUARTERMASTER out of California
for $60.00 plus 7.75 s/h. I don't have the address with me, but I can
get it for you by Monday, if you wish. I would most definitely
recommend this book. It is the most detailed and accurate accounting
and listing of every unit down to regiment level that I have ever
seen. It is an absolute must for any military library. Get it no
matter what, if you are interested in military history.

Terry

 > Shelby Stanton's WW II U.S. Army order of battle book -- which
>   retailed for $60 -- is available from Hamilton mailorder for
>   $15 (plus postage).
>
> Lou Coatney, WIU

Lou, perhaps I missed an earlier message(s).  Can you tell me something
about this book (quality, level of detail, scope)?  Also, since I'm
always looking for good OOB sources, how about a phone number or address
for this Hamilton mailorder company?

Thanks.

  __|  __|  __|  |  Charles Reace <creace@isd.csc.com>
_|   _|   _|     |
 |       | |     |  Computer Sciences Corp., Integrated Systems Div.
 ___|____/ ___|  |  304 W. Rte. 38, Moorestown, NJ 08057


Terry Moore, Professor of German and French, Amarillo College
P.O. Box 447, Amarillo, Texas 79178, voice 806-371-5077
fax 806-371-5370

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 10 Dec 1993 16:07:38 -0500
From:    James E Irwin <paa5137@DPSC.DLA.MIL>
Subject: Re: US ARMY UNITS -- Stanton's O/B

In reply to the mail from <creace@ISD.CSC.COM>...
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>Date:         Fri, 10 Dec 1993 11:11:37 EST
>Reply-To: World War II Discussion List <WWII-L@UBVM.cc.buffalo.edu>
>Sender: World War II Discussion List <WWII-L@UBVM.cc.buffalo.edu>
>From: Charles Reace <creace@ISD.CSC.COM>
>Subject:      Re: US ARMY UNITS -- Stanton's O/B
>X-To:         WWII-L@UBVM.cc.buffalo.edu
>To: Multiple recipients of list WWII-L <WWII-L@UBVM.cc.buffalo.edu>
>
>> Shelby Stanton's WW II U.S. Army order of battle book -- which
>>   retailed for $60 -- is available from Hamilton mailorder for
>>   $15 (plus postage).
>>
>> Lou Coatney, WIU
>
>Lou, perhaps I missed an earlier message(s).  Can you tell me something
>about this book (quality, level of detail, scope)?  Also, since I'm
>always looking for good OOB sources, how about a phone number or address
>for this Hamilton mailorder company?
>
>Thanks.
>
>  __|  __|  __|  |  Charles Reace <creace@isd.csc.com>
>_|   _|   _|     |
> |       | |     |  Computer Sciences Corp., Integrated Systems Div.
> ___|____/ ___|  |  304 W. Rte. 38, Moorestown, NJ 08057
>
Charles,

The company is:

               Edward R. Hamilton
               Bookseller
               P.O. Box 15-276
               Falls Village CT  06031-5000

My catalog does not list a phone number.  An ad in Military
History magazine states they offer a free catalog if you write.
A word of caution, they do not accept credit cards and they do
no billing.  All orders must be prepaid.

Jim








----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 James E. Irwin (Jim)                  Internet address:
 Defense Personnel Support Center        jirwin@dpsc.dla.mil
 2800 S. 20th Street                   215-737-8760
 Philadelphia PA  19101-8419           Autovon 444-8760

                     "Never in the field of human conflict
                     was so much owed by so many to so few."
                               Winston S. Churchill
----------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 10 Dec 1993 16:57:10 -0500
From:    "Gregory S. Rogers" <rogersg@ENG.UMD.EDU>
Subject: Re: where were you when...

|>On Fri, 10 Dec 1993 14:17:31 -0500 Gregory S. Rogers said:
|>>a tragic event.  BTW, judith Resnik is a UMd grad.... we now have a
|>>conference room dedicated in her memory, at ERAU there is a painting of the
|>>seven astro. taken from the pre-event picture.  yeah, definate impact.
|>>Do you think in the early 17th cent. it was Galilieo and the jupiter Moon
|>>sightings.
|>
|>No.  Probably the assassination of Henri IV.  Or possibly the Defenestration
|>of Prague, depending on who you were & where you were.  Other possibilities
|>would include the Fronde--certainly Louis XIV never forgot it (-: --the
|>attempted arrest of Mr. Pym by Charles I, or the latter's losing his head
|>shortly after losing his crown.  Galileo touched relatively few lives
|>compared to these events.  The problem with all of these pre-electronic
|>events, of course, is that there was no *one* day for everyone to look
|>back on & remember--news traveled too slowly.  But the events themselves
|>as news rippled outwards may have stirred the consciousness of those living
|>in analogous fashion.
|>

Love it!!!! ...  Thread dropped here..  (If you knew me better, you would
recognize that Galileo remark as off-beat humor regarding "every gen.".
Although it was *never* intended as an insult..  never never..   )

--Scott

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 10 Dec 1993 16:00:21 -0600
From:    WILLIAM HUBER - SCDR <whuber@SADIS01.KELLY.AF.MIL>
Subject: Re: USAAF 11 December 1943

In Mr. Kay's message of 10 Dec 1993 at 1242 CST, he writes:

> Thanks to Dennis Sparks' posting of his great-uncle's diary.
> It was the most interesting and compelling piece I have seen posted on
> this discussion group since I have joined.
>
> JONKAY@MINMET.LAN.MCGILL.CA

Hi folks,

I couldn't agree more.  Dennis, a fine post and thanks so much for
sharing it with us.  It was a real shocker for me as I assumed
that your great-uncle survived to give the diary to you.  For me,
those concluding sentences really brought home the finality of war.
Your post was a fine example of the individual cost of war that so
often is lost in the top down view statistical analysis provides.

Regards, Bill Huber
         whuber@sadis01.kelly.af.mil

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 10 Dec 1993 17:19:24 -0500
From:    Max Hare <maxc@URSUS1.URSUS.MAINE.EDU>
Subject: The Dalai Lama as WW2 buff

I thought the subscribers to WW2 would be interested in these quotes
from an interview that I got off the China News Service (originally
published in the New York Times, 11/28/93).

This section of the interview with the Dalai Lama goes.....


    Q: What do you do for leisure, to relax?

    A: I like to let my thoughts come to me each morning before I get
       up.  I meditate for a few hours and that is like recharging.
       After that, my daily conduct is usually driven by the ;motivation
       to help, to create a positive atmosphere for others.  I
       garden...gardening is one of my hobbies.  Also, reading
       encyclopedias with pictures. (Laughs). I am a man of peace,
       but I am fond of looking at picture books of the Second World
       War.  I own some, which I believe are produced by Time-Life.
       I've just ordered a new set.  Thirty books.

   Q: Really? Why does the Reincarnation of Compassion have such a
      fascination with one of the most terrible events in human history?

   A: Perhaps because the stories are so negative and gruesome, they
      strengthen my belief in nonviolence. (Smiles).  However, I find
      many of the machines of violence very attractive.  Tanks,
      airplanes, warships, especially aircraft  carriers.  And the
      German U-boats, submarines....


I'm sure we're all in agreement with this. For me studying WW2 makes
peace all the more precious.

And the next time your wife complains about all those WW2 books.....


Max C. Calderwood
University of Southern Maine
Gorham, ME
MAXC@URSUS1.URSUS.MAINE.EDU

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 10 Dec 1993 18:14:13 EST
From:    Larry & Kim Jewell <jewell@MACE.CC.PURDUE.EDU>
Subject: Re: where were you when...

...when we wandered on the charter?  Can we move it back to WWII now? Thanks.

To make this worth while for those who are still following the subject,
I'm soliciting suggestions for the next e-text project. "Cross Channel
Attack" is going very well, although I could still use a few more proof
readers. What other texts would be valuable to add to byrd? The material
must be in the public domain and of broad enough interest to make the
group effort equal to the "return."

I also have some "mini"-projects on the back burner. One is DANFS' files
on the Confederate Navy (yo, Bill!), another is "Command Decisions." If
anyone want to get involved in those, let me know.

Larry J

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 10 Dec 1993 13:38:44 CST
From:    Mike Seningen <seningen@ROSS.COM>
Subject: TRIV: Post Hitler Revolution Name

For a friend:

>>I thought you might know the answer to this ...
>>
>>I want to find out ...
>>
>>What was the code name of the revolution/counter-revolution
>>that was supposed to be kicked off after Von Stauffenberg
>>had (successfully) blown up Hitler?
>>


mike

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 10 Dec 1993 19:55:25 -0600
From:    JOHN WRIGHT <WRIGHTJD@CNSVAX.UWEC.EDU>
Subject: Biographic help?

My daughter came home from her high school history course with and assignment
to identify all of the U.S. leaders both military and civilian that have
streets named after them.  We have done really well but have four names
that I believe to be WWII military leaders, but none of our references
show them.

1.  Cummings (an admiral in Pacific?)
2.  McIvor (Division commander europe?)
3.  Ripley
4.  Trimble (possibly another admiral?)

Thanx in advance for any help.

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 10 Dec 1993 22:21:00 EST
From:    "TCWERNC@VCCSCENT.BITNET" <TCWERNC@VCCSCENT.BITNET>
Subject: Ref: Re: THE PEARL HARBOR PAPERS

 X-To: WWII-L@UBVM.CC.BUFFALO.BITNET
 TO:   MULTIPLE RECIPIENTS OF LIST WWII-L (WWII-L@UBVM.BITNET

 Ronald M. Goldstein and Brassey's (US) just released THE PEARL HARBOR PAPERS :
 INSIDE THE JAPANESE PLANS, 1993. The purpose in preparing this book has been
 to make them readily available to scholars and buffs of the Pacific War. The
 book is divided into three sections: Part I, "Plans and Preparations for the
 Pearl Harbor Attack; Part II, "Letters of ADM Isoroku Yamamoto," and Part III,
 "Pearl Harbor," perhaps a major feature of this section are the war diaries of
 the 5th Carrier Division, 1st Destroyer Division, and 3d Battleship Division
 for December 1941.These diaries are important, not only because they tell what
 happened from the Japanese point of view, but also because they clearly
 indicate that the task force maintained radio silence throughout the outgoing
 voyage. They also show each day's latitude and longitude, so the reader can
 follow the task force, Combined Fleet, (Rengo Kantai), as it proceeded on its

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 10 Dec 1993 22:33:43 EST
From:    Dale Lally <GEAR92@STLAWU.BITNET>
Subject: Bicycle Tour of WWII Battlefields offered by L.A.W. in 1994

The League of American Wheelmen (LAW) will be offering
a WWII  battlefield tour by bicycle from June 13-29,
1994.  The tour will begin in Brussels and visit
Bastogne, Trier and Cochem on the Mosel, as well as
Koblenz, Remagen, the site of the famous bridge, Bonn,
Cologne, Nijmegen and Arnhem.  Maximum mileage
will be about 50 miles, with the majority of days in
the 30's.   Except for the challenging hills of the
Ardennes in Belgium and Luxemburg,  the route along the
Mosel and Rhein rivers will be mostly flat,  with
plenty of time for sightseeing.  For information about
price, accommodations, etc.  contact the National
Sports Reservation Center at (800) 426 4055.

You may also contact the tour leader via e-mail at

               GEAR92@STLAWU.BITNET.


  ***********************************             ____       __
  *    Dale V Lally Jr, Director    *              \________| _)
  *    Carnegie Language Center     *             / \      / \
  *    St. Lawrence University      *        *  */   \_   /   \*  *
  *    Canton NY 13617              *     *     /  *  \| /  *  \     *
  *    (315) 379 5857  VOICE        *    *     /____*__O/  *    \     *
  *    (315) 379 5989  FAX          *    *          *  |_  *          *
  *    GEAR92@STLAWU   BITNET       *     *        *        *        *
  ***********************************        *  *              *  *

------------------------------

End of WWII-L Digest - 9 Dec 1993 to 10 Dec 1993
************************************************

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Subject:  WWII-L Digest - 10 Dec 1993 to 11 Dec 1993
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Status: O

There are 9 messages totalling 166 lines in this issue.

Topics of the day:

  1. Ref: Re: THE PEARL HARBOR PAPERS
  2. where were you when...
  3. Vincent Price Collection Documents
  4. USAAF 11 December 1943 (2)
  5. US ARMY UNITS -- Stanton's O/B
  6. disscussion list (2)
  7. Shelby Stanton's WORLD WAR II ORDER OF BATTLE book for $17.95!

----------------------------------------------------------------------

Date:    Sat, 11 Dec 1993 03:53:24 -0500
From:    "lubberland@unh.edu" <K_FORD@UNHH.UNH.EDU>
Subject: Re: Ref: Re: THE PEARL HARBOR PAPERS

This message was truncated. Could someone re-post it please?
Thank you - Dan Ford

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 10 Dec 1993 17:41:38 -0500
From:    Eric Titzer <TITZERE@WABASH.BITNET>
Subject: Re: where were you when...

Well, I remember where I was when the shuttle blew up.  I remember
Desert Storm which represents the entrance of a whole new idea of
warfare.  But I believe that most everyone on this list might remember
where they were when the Berlin Wall fell.
        The falling of the Berlin Wall represents so many different
things to so many different generations that it one finds themselves
hard pressed to not remember it.  For my generation, the current
undergrad and high school population, it represents the uniting of a
country so long divided by a war in some past time.  It represents the
new push for world unity and peace.  Although today, there are many
wars raging throughout the world, these wars are generally internal
civil wars of the people wanting their oppression to end.  The fall of
the Berlin Wall means, for me personally, the uniting of the world,
the end of Communist Russia, the end of WW-II, and the end of a war
that never really reached hostilities, the cold war.  The Fall of the
Berlin Wall was to me the catalyst for the renewed push toward world
unity and I believe that in light of this, I can say, "yes I do
remember where I was when the Berlin Wall fell.  I was at home when
the first report came that the Russians were letting people pass
through the wall freely."
                                                Eric J. Titzer
                                                Titzere@wabash.edu

------------------------------

Date:    Sat, 11 Dec 1993 12:26:08 GMT-6
From:    Terry Moore <RTMOORE@PCAD-ML.ACTX.EDU>
Subject: Re: Vincent Price Collection Documents

Tim,

Thank you very much for that very interesting post on the Vincent
Price documents. Please post anything else you run across.

Terry

Terry Moore, Professor of German and French, Amarillo College
P.O. Box 447, Amarillo, Texas 79178, voice 806-371-5077
fax 806-371-5370

------------------------------

Date:    Sat, 11 Dec 1993 12:31:48 GMT-6
From:    Terry Moore <RTMOORE@PCAD-ML.ACTX.EDU>
Subject: Re: USAAF 11 December 1943

Dennis,

Thank you for sharing that diary. What a document!!

Terry

Terry Moore, Professor of German and French, Amarillo College
P.O. Box 447, Amarillo, Texas 79178, voice 806-371-5077
fax 806-371-5370

------------------------------

Date:    Sat, 11 Dec 1993 13:45:30 EST
From:    Crane Conrad LTC <kc5318@USMA7.USMA.EDU>
Subject: Re: USAAF 11 December 1943

>Dennis,
>
>Thank you for sharing that diary. What a document!!
>
>Terry
>
>Terry Moore, Professor of German and French, Amarillo College
>P.O. Box 447, Amarillo, Texas 79178, voice 806-371-5077
>fax 806-371-5370


Dennis,
     I want to echo Terry's sentiments.  Could I have your permission to quote
from it?  I am working on a chapter for a compilation on civilians in war and
your uncle's 5 Dec entry supports what I have found about AAF restraint in
occupied Europe, mostly because of the influence of Carl Spaatz.  There are a
number of gems like yours laying around. For my book I found a set of letters
here at West Point of a navigator who did everything he could to fill his quota
of missions to get home, snuck on a partisan resupply flight to meet his last
requirement, and then was shot down and killed.  Thanks again for taking the
time to type in that long entry.

                                             LTC Con Crane
                                             USMA

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 10 Dec 1993 14:44:43 -0600
From:    mslrc@UXA.ECN.BGU.EDU
Subject: Re: US ARMY UNITS -- Stanton's O/B

Terry, Charles:

     It was $15.00 for the BOOK.  I think postage is $3.

Lou

------------------------------

Date:    Sat, 11 Dec 1993 15:02:30 -0400
From:    JPAYERS@OWUCOMCN.BITNET
Subject: disscussion list

Hello.  My name is Jason Ayers and I am a student at Ohio Wesleyan
University in Delaware, Ohio.  I recieved this address through the
school and since I am interested in World War Two, I descided to write
and find out exactly what this is.  If someone would write me back
(jpayers@cc.owu.edu) and give me a little info on what this disscussion
list exactly is, I would greatly appriciate it.  I'm am a freshman and
a new user so I'm sort of still learning about this system and what all
it can do.  Please return my letter.
                Thank you,
                        Jason P. Ayers

------------------------------

Date:    Sat, 11 Dec 1993 15:13:30 -0500
From:    Eric Titzer <TITZERE@WABASH.BITNET>
Subject: Re: disscussion list

Jason,
        This listserv is a disscussion of WW-II topics on anything
from events leading up to the war to events related after the war.  We
talk about almost any aspect of the war and occassionaly, like just
the other day, get authentic documents sent through the listserv.  You
will enjoy it here if you really are interested in the topic and will
find that you are learning many things that you did not know about the
war itself.
                                                Yours in the lists,
                                                Eric J. Titzer
                                                 "The Kursed"
                                              Titzere@wabash.edu

------------------------------

Date:    Sat, 11 Dec 1993 16:39:35 -0600
From:    mslrc@UXA.ECN.BGU.EDU
Subject: Shelby Stanton's WORLD WAR II ORDER OF BATTLE book for $17.95!

OK, Terry, Charles, et al, here it is:

Edward R. Hamilton
Bookseller
Falls Village CT 06031-5000

Item No. 121517   $17.95 postpaid!

(Lou Coatney, WIU)

------------------------------

End of WWII-L Digest - 10 Dec 1993 to 11 Dec 1993
*************************************************

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There are 3 messages totalling 73 lines in this issue.

Topics of the day:

  1. where were you when...
  2. SPARKS DIARY
  3. TRV Biographic Help

----------------------------------------------------------------------

Date:    Sun, 12 Dec 1993 10:07:53 CST
From:    phyllis <U09113@UICVM.BITNET>
Subject: Re: where were you when...

On Thu, 9 Dec 1993 22:37:11 +0800 John Behrens said:
>> Hit it on the head, you did.  It seems that every generation (loosely
>> defining a generation) has a 'do you remember what you were doing when'
>> day that sticks in their memory.  For the over-60 crowd, that day is
>> Pearl Harbor Day.  For the rest, it is probably Nov 22nd, 1963.  For
>> the latest crop of kids, who knows?
>>
>
>My first reply to this list.  I've been monitoring for about two months, just
>reading and enjoying.
>
>For us latest bunch of kids (I'm 24), that day would be the day the Shuttle
>exploded.  I believe it was January 30, 1986.  I remember where I was when I
>heard the news. Do you?
>
>                                John Behrens
John, a survey was done a couple of years ago which stated that for the thirty
and under crowd ( myself included) the Shuttle is it. However, I took an
informal survey in my U.S. History class on Nov. 22 and asked them which event
they remembered and that had a tremendous impact (positive and/or negative).
All but two said the Shuttle. I have one student who was old enough to
remember JFK and the other said the day we "declared" war on Iraq (he was in
the Armed Forces). I actually do remember the time and place, etc...
Interesting question.

Phyllis Soybel

------------------------------

Date:    Sun, 12 Dec 1993 18:50:44 +0100
From:    John Ausland <John.Ausland@GMAIL.GAR.NO>
Subject: SPARKS DIARY

  Oslo, December 12.  I would like to add my appreciation to Dennis Sparks for
the diary of his great uncle.  A friend of mine who was in the Air Force
remarked to me how different our wars were.  He never saw bodies littered
around.  Friends simply disappeared.
  The way the diary suddenly comes to end illustrates this all too well.
  I for one have never understood how these men had the courage to fly these
planes, when they had nowhere to hide.  At least, on the ground, one could duck
behind a tree or into a ditch.
  This reminds me that, after reading my book LETTERS HOME, a Foreign Service
colleague has written me two six page letters.  He was in the ill-fated 106th
Division, which was demolished by the German attack on December 16, 1944.
Furthermore, he was in one of the regiments which was surrounded and finally
surrendered when they ran out of ammunition.
  His account of life in a prisoner of war camp was a terrible thing to read.  I
had not realized, for example, that the Germans separated the Jews and treated
them much worse.  Never having talked with someone who was a prisoner of war,
his letters brought home to me that it was better to be in combat, even if the
risks were greater.
  Regards, John Ausland/Oslo Norway

------------------------------

Date:    Sun, 12 Dec 1993 20:54:07 -0600
From:    JOHN WRIGHT <WRIGHTJD@CNSVAX.UWEC.EDU>
Subject: TRV Biographic Help

Reference my previous post on names and connection to WWII.  After
further research I have identified one of the streets as having been
named for Father William T Cummings, a chaplain on Bataan.  To
Chap Cummings is attributed the phrase "There are on atheists in
foxholes" which he apparently used in a 1942 sermon.

He died as a POW.

------------------------------

End of WWII-L Digest - 11 Dec 1993 to 12 Dec 1993
*************************************************

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Subject:  WWII-L Digest - 12 Dec 1993 to 13 Dec 1993
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Status: O

There are 16 messages totalling 613 lines in this issue.

Topics of the day:

  1. USAAF 13 DEC 43
  2. Blue Angels Sked
  3. LETTERS HOME
  4. TRIV: Post Hitler Revolution Name
  5. where were you when...
  6. The Dalai Lama as WW2 buff
  7. US ARMY UNITS -- Stanton's O/B (2)
  8. 51st armored infantry (2)
  9. Shelby Stanton's WORLD WAR II ORDER OF BATTLE book for $17.95!
 10. American/Allied motives for the Bombs
 11. TCWERNC@VCCSCENT.BITNET
 12. Shelby Stanton's WORLD WAR II ORDER OF BATTLE book for
 13. Carl:  Motives?
 14. GEN/EDU

----------------------------------------------------------------------

Date:    Mon, 13 Dec 1993 07:13:46 -0500
From:    jem3@CC.BELLCORE.COM
Subject: USAAF 13 DEC 43

COMBAT CHRONOLOGY OF THE US ARMY AIR FORCES
MONDAY, 13 DECEMBER 1943
FTP SITES
  1. ftp.rutgers.edu in directory pub/wwii/usaf
  2. byrd.mu.wvnet.edu (129.71.32.152) in pub/history/military/airforce/
     wwii_chronology

AIRCRAFT MENTIONED IN THIS REPORT:
  A-20, Douglas Havoc
  A-36, North American Apache
  B-17, Boeing Flying Fortress
  B-24, Consolidated Liberator
  B-25, North American Mitchell
  B-26, Martin Marauder
  P-38, Lockheed Lightning
  P-39, Bell Airacobra
  P-40, Curtiss
  P-47, Republic Thunderbolt
  P-51, North American Mustang

CENTRAL PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Seventh Air Force): 10 B-24's, staging
through Baker Island from Canton Island in the Phoenix Islands, bomb Wotje
Atoll in the Marshall Islands.

CHINA-BURMA-INDIA THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  BURMA-INDIA (Tenth Air Force): In India, 20 Japanese bombers, escorted by
25 fighters, hit Dinjan Airfield before US interceptors make contact; however,
little damage is done and the US fighters catch the attackers shortly
afterward; 12 Japanese bombers and 5 fighters are claimed shot down.
  The 436th Bombardment Squadron (Heavy), 7th Bombardment Group (Heavy),
transfers from Panagarh to Madhaiganj, India with B-24's.

  CHINA (Fourteenth Air Force): In China, 12 B-25's, with fighter escort,
bomb Li-Chou and Kungan; 8 B-25's pound Wuchang Airfield; and 16 P-40's on
armed reconnaissance strafe targets of opportunity from Changte to Linli to
Li-Chou.

EUROPEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  STRATEGIC OPERATIONS (Eighth Air Force): VIII Bomber Command Mission 154;
the port area at Bremen and Kiel, Germany are hit; 5 aircraft are lost. This
is the first mission where more than 600 aircraft are dispatched.
  1. 171 of 182 B-17's dispatched to Bremen hit the target at 1159-1206
hours; 1 B-17 is damaged beyond repair and 30 damaged; casualties are 1 KIA
and 3 WIA.
  2. 367 of 403 B-17's, 93 of 107 B-24's, 12 of 12 B-17 PFF and 6 of 6 B-24
PFF aircraft are dispatched to Kiel; heavy frosting and poor visibility
disrupts the formation and 78 B-17's hit targets of opportunity in Hamburg
at 1300-1305 hours; the remaining aircraft hit Kiel at 1245-1317 hours;
7-3-17 Luftwaffe aircraft are claimed; 4 B-17's and 1 B-24 are lost; 1 B-17
is damaged beyond repair and 136 B-17's and 4 B-24's are lost; casualties
are 4 KIA, 16 WIA and 50 MIA.
  These missions are escorted by 31 P-38's, 322 P-47's and 41 Ninth Air Force
P-51's; they claim 1-0-1 Luftwaffe aircraft; 1 P-47 and 1 P-51 are lost, 1
P-38 and 1 P-47 are damaged beyond repair and 1 P-38 is damaged; casualties
are 2 WIA and 1 MIA. P-51's escorting the heavy bombers reach the limit of
their escort range for the first time.
  VIII Bomber Command Mission 155: 5 B-17's drop 1 million leaflets on Le
Mans, Rennes, Tours, Nantes and Chartres, France at 2138-2155 hours; no
losses.

  TACTICAL OPERATIONS (Ninth Air Force): Nearly 200 B-26's attack Schiphol
Airfield in The Netherlands.

MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  STRATEGIC OPERATIONS (Fifteenth Air Force): Operations are restricted to
weather reconnaissance.
  The 346th, 347th and 348th Bombardment Squadrons (Heavy), 99th Bombardment
Group (Heavy), transfer from Oudna, Tunisia to Tortorella Airfield, Italy
with B-17's.

  TACTICAL OPERATIONS (Twelfth Air Force):  In Yugoslavia, B-25's bomb an oil
depot, harbor, warehouses, and railway yard at Sibenik and Split. In Italy,
P-40 and A-36 fighter-bombers attack defended points in the Miglionico area;
quays, roads, railway yard, and gun emplacements at Terracina; and bridges at
Pontecorvo and W of Isolella; town areas and bridges at and near Atina and
Acquafondsta are also hit.
  The 91st Fighter Squadron, 81st Fighter Group, based at Montecorvino
Airfield, Italy with P-38's and P-39's, begins operating from Capodichino,
Italy.

SOUTH PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Thirteenth Air Force): On Bougainville
Island in the Solomon Islands, 17 B-25's bomb Porton, and their fighter
escorts strafe Tenekow bivouac areas during the return flight; 24 B-24's
bomb Bonis; 6 B-25's carry out low-level strikes against concentrations on
Numa Numa.
  The 72d Bombardment Squadron (Heavy), 5th Bombardment Group (Heavy),
based on Espiritu Santo Island in the New Hebrides Islands with B-24's,
begins operating from Guadalcanal Island in the Solomon Islands.

SOUTHWEST PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Fifth Air Force): 100+ B-24's and
B-25's and several P-40's bomb Gasmata Island in the Bismarck Archipelago.
In New Guinea, A-20's hit villages along Bogadjim Road; a small flight of
P-39's strafe barges along the Huon Peninsula.
  The 340th Fighter Squadron, 348th Fighter Group, transfers from Port
Moresby to Finschhafen, New Guinea with P-47's.
  The 403d Bombardment Squadron (Heavy), 43d Bombardment Group (Heavy),
transfers from Port Moresby to Dobodura, New Guinea with B-24's.

SOURCES:
AIR FORCE COMBAT UNITS OF WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force History,
  Headquarters USAF, 1961, ISBN 0-912799-02-1
COMBAT SQUADRONS OF THE AIR FORCE, WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force
  History, Headquarters USAF 1982
THE ARMY AIR FORCES IN WORLD WAR II: COMBAT CHRONOLOGY, 1941-1945 by the
  Office of Air Force History, Headquarters USAF, 1973
THE MIGHTY EIGHTH WAR DIARY by Roger A. Freeman, ISBN 1-85409-071-2

Jack McKillop
USAF (Airways and Air Communications Service)
1955-59

-------------------------------------------------------------------
|  Jack McKillop         |  Those who have long enjoyed such      |
|  Bellcore              |  privileges as we enjoy forget in      |
|  Piscataway, NJ USA    |  time that men have died to win them.  |
|  jem3@cc.bellcore.com  |                       FDR              |
-------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

Date:    Mon, 13 Dec 1993 07:03:46 GMT-6
From:    Terry Moore <RTMOORE@PCAD-ML.ACTX.EDU>
Subject: Re: Blue Angels Sked

Jack,

Thanks for the post on the Blue Angels. They have performed here
numerous times.

Terry

Terry Moore, Professor of German and French, Amarillo College
P.O. Box 447, Amarillo, Texas 79178, voice 806-371-5077
fax 806-371-5370

------------------------------

Date:    Mon, 13 Dec 1993 09:09:20 EST
From:    "Michael A. Oaks" <moaks@KSCMAIL.KENNESAW.EDU>
Subject: LETTERS HOME

A few questions for John Ausland about his book that maybe a few members of
this net might be interested in!
                                 MAO

John,
  Your books sounds very interesting! I do hope you're having good luck with
it!!  Some information please. Is it being sold in the United States yet??
Who is the publisher?? And what is the ball park figure cost of the book??
Reading someones reflections of the past is one thing but to get a direct
excerpt of the past is something wonderful!! I do look forward to reading
your book!!  Again, Good Luck!!
                             Michael Oaks

                             _______
Michael Oaks                |       |       Trust,
Kennesaw State College      |   o  _|_____      but Verify.
P.O. BOX 444                |___|_|       |
Mareitta, Ga. 30061               |   o  _|_____          \\\//
moaks@kscmail.Kennesaw.Edu        |___|_|       |         (o o)
(404)499-3049  FAX # (404)423-6541      |   o   |    -oOO--(_)--OOo-
                                        |___|___|          mao

------------------------------

Date:    Mon, 13 Dec 1993 09:11:16 GMT-6
From:    Terry Moore <RTMOORE@PCAD-ML.ACTX.EDU>
Subject: Re: TRIV: Post Hitler Revolution Name

Date sent:      Fri, 10 Dec 1993 13:38:44 CST
Send reply to:  World War II Discussion List <WWII-L@UBVM.cc.buffalo.edu>
From:           Mike Seningen <seningen@ROSS.COM>
Subject:        TRIV: Post Hitler Revolution Name
Originally to:  WWII-L@UBVM.cc.buffalo.edu
To:             Multiple recipients of list WWII-L <WWII-L@UBVM.cc.buffalo.edu>


Mike,

That was Operation "Walkuere" or "Valkyrie", the plot to overthrow
Hitler and assume power by the Army.


Terry Moore

----------------------------------------------------------------------
 For a friend:

>>I thought you might know the answer to this ...
>>
>>I want to find out ...
>>
>>What was the code name of the revolution/counter-revolution
>>that was supposed to be kicked off after Von Stauffenberg
>>had (successfully) blown up Hitler?
>>


mike


Terry Moore, Professor of German and French, Amarillo College
P.O. Box 447, Amarillo, Texas 79178, voice 806-371-5077
fax 806-371-5370

------------------------------

Date:    Mon, 13 Dec 1993 09:13:50 GMT-6
From:    Terry Moore <RTMOORE@PCAD-ML.ACTX.EDU>
Subject: Re: where were you when...

Date sent:      Fri, 10 Dec 1993 18:14:13 EST
Send reply to:  World War II Discussion List <WWII-L@UBVM.cc.buffalo.edu>
From:           Larry & Kim Jewell <jewell@MACE.CC.PURDUE.EDU>
Subject:        Re: where were you when...
Originally to:  WWII-L@UBVM.cc.buffalo.edu
To:             Multiple recipients of list WWII-L <WWII-L@UBVM.cc.buffalo.edu>



Larry,

Just a quickie note. I am still expecting some more material to add
to my autograph collection, before I can e-mail it to you. That is
the reason for my tardiness. I will be in touch. I have just been
busy lately with exams.

Hope all is well.

Terry

----------------------------------------------------------------------



...when we wandered on the charter?  Can we move it back to WWII now? Thanks.

To make this worth while for those who are still following the subject,
I'm soliciting suggestions for the next e-text project. "Cross Channel
Attack" is going very well, although I could still use a few more proof
readers. What other texts would be valuable to add to byrd? The material
must be in the public domain and of broad enough interest to make the
group effort equal to the "return."

I also have some "mini"-projects on the back burner. One is DANFS' files
on the Confederate Navy (yo, Bill!), another is "Command Decisions." If
anyone want to get involved in those, let me know.

Larry J


Terry Moore, Professor of German and French, Amarillo College
P.O. Box 447, Amarillo, Texas 79178, voice 806-371-5077
fax 806-371-5370

------------------------------

Date:    Mon, 13 Dec 1993 10:28:17 -0500
From:    Steven VEST <vest@ALPHA.ACAST.NOVA.EDU>
Subject: Re: The Dalai Lama as WW2 buff

Someone should certainly post this to the various news groups (like
sci.aircraft.military) that are constantly assailed by people chastising
them for "being obsessed with tools of death".  Maybe it would open a few
minds.

I'd do it myself but I think my newsreader is non-denominational and
intends to take both Hanukkah and Christmas off.

==========================vest@alpha.acast.nova.ed===========================
= Steven Vest: Head, Off Campus Lib. Services: Nova University, Ft. Ldl, FL =
="It seems I woke up in the bathtub, in an undignified position.  My scepter=
=and my holy henchmen gone." Dave Gordon, I dreamed I was Cardinal Richelieu=
================No statements made here reflect Nova University==============

On Fri, 10 Dec 1993, Max Hare wrote:

> I thought the subscribers to WW2 would be interested in these quotes
> from an interview that I got off the China News Service (originally
> published in the New York Times, 11/28/93).
>
> This section of the interview with the Dalai Lama goes.....
>
>
>     Q: What do you do for leisure, to relax?
>
>     A: I like to let my thoughts come to me each morning before I get
>        up.  I meditate for a few hours and that is like recharging.
>        After that, my daily conduct is usually driven by the ;motivation
>        to help, to create a positive atmosphere for others.  I
>        garden...gardening is one of my hobbies.  Also, reading
>        encyclopedias with pictures. (Laughs). I am a man of peace,
>        but I am fond of looking at picture books of the Second World
>        War.  I own some, which I believe are produced by Time-Life.
>        I've just ordered a new set.  Thirty books.
>
>    Q: Really? Why does the Reincarnation of Compassion have such a
>       fascination with one of the most terrible events in human history?
>
>    A: Perhaps because the stories are so negative and gruesome, they
>       strengthen my belief in nonviolence. (Smiles).  However, I find
>       many of the machines of violence very attractive.  Tanks,
>       airplanes, warships, especially aircraft  carriers.  And the
>       German U-boats, submarines....
>
>
> I'm sure we're all in agreement with this. For me studying WW2 makes
> peace all the more precious.
>
> And the next time your wife complains about all those WW2 books.....
>
>
> Max C. Calderwood
> University of Southern Maine
> Gorham, ME
> MAXC@URSUS1.URSUS.MAINE.EDU
>

------------------------------

Date:    Mon, 13 Dec 1993 10:21:06 GMT-6
From:    Terry Moore <RTMOORE@PCAD-ML.ACTX.EDU>
Subject: Re: US ARMY UNITS -- Stanton's O/B

Date sent:      Fri, 10 Dec 1993 14:44:43 -0600
Send reply to:  World War II Discussion List <WWII-L@UBVM.cc.buffalo.edu>
From:           mslrc@UXA.ECN.BGU.EDU
Subject:        Re: US ARMY UNITS -- Stanton's O/B
To:             Multiple recipients of list WWII-L <WWII-L@UBVM.cc.buffalo.edu>


Lou and others,

If you can get that book at that price and don't have it, you are
wasting time. That is a book that must be a part of any military
library. I wish I could have obtained mine at that price.

Also, at that price, the book is obviously out of print, and once
those books are gone, that's it.

It's the best I've seen on this subject.

Terry
---------------------------------------------------------------------

Terry, Charles:

     It was $15.00 for the BOOK.  I think postage is $3.

Lou


Terry Moore, Professor of German and French, Amarillo College
P.O. Box 447, Amarillo, Texas 79178, voice 806-371-5077
fax 806-371-5370

------------------------------

Date:    Mon, 13 Dec 1993 15:22:05 -0500
From:    cliffy <cliff@DELORME.COM>
Subject: 51st armored infantry

Does any have any information on this division for the period of time
of the Battle of the Bulge. If not could any assist me in finding the
address for the history department of the army. Thankyou very much.

------------------------------

Date:    Mon, 13 Dec 1993 12:56:24 CST
From:    "Robert J. Granvin" <rjg@UMNSTAT.STAT.UMN.EDU>
Subject: Re: Shelby Stanton's WORLD WAR II ORDER OF BATTLE book for $17.95!

> OK, Terry, Charles, et al, here it is:
>
> Edward R. Hamilton
> Bookseller
> Falls Village CT 06031-5000
>
> Item No. 121517   $17.95 postpaid!

Is there more information?

The phone number is non-published (since I'm assuming that would be a
home number :-) and the above may not suffice as a legal US Mail address
(though it's possible to occasionally reach a location without a street
address...)

--
Robert J. Granvin                                    Southern Minnesota Wing
rjg@stat.umn.edu                                       Confederate Air Force

------------------------------

Date:    Mon, 13 Dec 1993 12:28:24 -0600
From:    mslrc@UXA.ECN.BGU.EDU
Subject: American/Allied motives for the Bombs

Torrey,

     What country do you live in?

     Your professor's position might be described as an extreme/
"revisionist" one.  I believe it is very PC/Politically Correct.

     However, DELIVERANCE:  THE CASE FOR ... [the bombs] presents an
alternative view.  It was fairly recent and written by an Englishman
-- Palmer?, Parker?

     While testing the bomb and intimidating the Soviets (and the
rest of humanity from ever beginning the insanity of another world
war) certainly were benefits (and may have been anticipated by a few
even before the droppings), a more balanced study shows that they
were secondary -- tertiary? -- benefits.

     The bombs were decisive proof the Japanese Emperor and govern-
ment that they would not be able to wage a war of mutual attrition
which could wear down Allied resolve and obtain a negotiated peace
(rather than the Unconditional Surrender we were insisting upon).

     Indeed, it was this belief in the weakness of American will --
apparent from the 1939-40 antiwar and antidraft demonstrations in
our streets -- that had led Tojo & friends to start the war on the
belief that a knock-out blow at Pearl Harbor would shatter our
morale and win the war in one blow.

     Hiroshima and Nagasaki demonstrated (or, just as importantly,
seemed to) that we could stand off and exterminate the Japanese at
will, with little or no loss to ourselves.  It was tragic that the
Japanese leaders had to be convinced at such human cost that we
were prepared to do whatever necessary to end their brutal regime.
Our prewar "pacifism" had misled them, just as our Vietnam era
antimilitary/pacifist agitators nearly led the Soviets to an even
more horrific miscalculation.

     See also the TV documentary, "Wings over Water," for ADM
James Russell's comments on Japanese war mentality/expectations.

Lou Coatney

------------------------------

Date:    Mon, 13 Dec 1993 16:04:35 EST
From:    Carl Wernke <TCWERNC@VCCSCENT.BITNET>
Subject: TCWERNC@VCCSCENT.BITNET

 SUBJECT: RE-POST OF THE PEARL HARBOR PAPERS
 TO: MULTIPLE RECIPIENTS OF LIST WWII-L (WWII-L@UBVM.BITNET)

 Dan Ford 12/11/93 at 03:53:46 (K_FORD@UNHH.UNH.EDU) requested a re-post of
 THE PEARL HARBOR PAPERS.
 The following is a re-post :
 Dan,
     Donald M. Goldstein and Brassey's (US) just released THE PEARL HARBOR
 PAPERS:INSIDE THE JAPANESE PLANS, released Oct 1993. The purpose in
 prepairing this book has been to make them readily available to scholars and
 buffs of the Pacific War. The book is divided into three sections: Part I,
 "Plans and Preparations for the Pearl Harbor Attack; Part II, " Letters of
 ADM Isoroku Yamamoto," and Part III,"Pearl Harbor," perhaps a major feature of
 this section are the war diaries of the 5th Carrier Division, and 3d
 Battleship Division for December 1941. These diaries are important, not only
 because they tell what happened from the Japanese point of view, but also
 because they clearly indicate that the task force maintained radio silence
 throughout the outgoing voyage. They also show each day's latitude and
 longitude, so the reader can follow the task force, Combined Fleet,
 (Rengo Kantai), as it proceeded on its awy.--The documents in the book are
 primary source material. It is anoutstanding book and very informative.

 Carl Wernke
 TCWERNC@VCCSCENT.BITNET

------------------------------

Date:    Mon, 13 Dec 1993 17:18:21 -0500
From:    Justin Gustainis SUNY-Plattsburgh <GUSTAIJJ@SPLAVA.CC.PLATTSBURGH.EDU>
Subject: Re: US ARMY UNITS -- Stanton's O/B

Just a note regarding Edward R. Hamilton, Bookseller:

I've been buyiing books by mail from him for about four years, and I
recommend him highly.  He specializes in remainders (books dropped from
the publishers' active lists and dumped on the market very cheaply).
His catalog (on newsprint) comes out every month, and, although poring through
it produces a bit of eyestrain (pretty small print), it's always well worth
the effort.  Thousands in books in dozens of categories (plus a large,
eclectic "New Arrivals" section each month), all for 50-80% off the original
publisher's prices.  Service is very fast (they don't seem to wait for the
check to clear), they rarely make mistakes with orders, and, if they do,
they rectify the error immediately.

True, no phone orders or credit cards is a bit of a pain, but I've been
recommending Hamilton to all my book-loving/collecting friends for
years, and I don't know one who's been disappointed yet.

Justin Gustainis
Department of Communication
SUNY-Plattsburgh

------------------------------

Date:    Mon, 13 Dec 1993 18:49:03 GMT-6
From:    Terry Moore <RTMOORE@PCAD-ML.ACTX.EDU>
Subject: Re: Shelby Stanton's WORLD WAR II ORDER OF BATTLE book for

Date sent:      Sat, 11 Dec 1993 16:39:35 -0600
Send reply to:  World War II Discussion List <WWII-L@UBVM.cc.buffalo.edu>
From:           mslrc@UXA.ECN.BGU.EDU
Subject:        Shelby Stanton's WORLD WAR II ORDER OF BATTLE book for $17.95!
Originally to:  WWII-L@UBVM.BITNET, CONSIM-L@UALTAVM.BITNET,
                MILHST-L@UKANVM.BITNET
To:             Multiple recipients of list WWII-L <WWII-L@UBVM.cc.buffalo.edu>


Lou,

Thanks a bunch on this one. I already have the book, but a student
has expressed an interest, and, because of your post, he will order
it.

Thanks, again.

Terry
----------------------------------------------------------------------


 OK, Terry, Charles, et al, here it is:

Edward R. Hamilton
Bookseller
Falls Village CT 06031-5000

Item No. 121517   $17.95 postpaid!

(Lou Coatney, WIU)


Terry Moore, Professor of German and French, Amarillo College
P.O. Box 447, Amarillo, Texas 79178, voice 806-371-5077
fax 806-371-5370

------------------------------

Date:    Mon, 13 Dec 1993 19:00:36 -0600
From:    mslrc@UXA.ECN.BGU.EDU
Subject: Re: 51st armored infantry

cliffy,

     It sounds more like a 51st Armored Infantry Battalion -- if
American -- to me.  (There was the belatedly committed Wehrmacht 15.
Panzergrenadier Division, if a typo is possible.)

Lou Coatney, WIU

------------------------------

Date:    Mon, 13 Dec 1993 19:11:06 -0600
From:    mslrc@UXA.ECN.BGU.EDU
Subject: Carl:  Motives?

Carl,

     Anything on Japanese motives/expectations for the attack?  Did
they REALLY think this could win the war?  How?

Lou Coatney, WIU

------------------------------

Date:    Mon, 13 Dec 1993 19:54:27 -0600
From:    Valerie Smith <smithv@CS.UWP.EDU>
Subject: GEN/EDU

Just wanted to drop a quick but very sincere note of thanks to all of you
who helped me out with my project recently.  As a refresher, I am the one
who was putting together an activities kit for 6-9 graders on World War II
from a cultural perspective, specifically Japanese Americans and Japanese.
 I did read through all of your repsonse and was able to incorporate quite
a few of them.  The others will be saved, because I don't feel that this
kit will ever be completed, the assignment is completed, that's all!

Special thanks to Akira in Japan, Tim in Texan, Tim in the 816 area code
and all of the rest of you who were extremely helpful.  Please forgive me
if I didn't mention you, put my brain is frazzled from those late night on
the project and the readings I had to catch up on.

I was tempted to un-subscribe from this list, but I realize that I enjoyed
"listening" to this talk.  My dad was a WWII vet from the European
theater.  He went over in 1944 and was in Luxemburg, France, Belgium, etc.
 He was an African American (as I am), so I doubt he saw much combat.
This project and the list has encouraged me to do some research on my
dad's unit (I need to find out which one), etc.  Unfortunately, my dad
passed away before I thought to interview him about his experiences in
WWII.

Anyway, Just wanted to say thank you again.  I'll be listening in and
maybe even commenting some day soon.

Best regards for a happy holiday season.

Valerie Smith
Future Teacher/Current Student
Univ. of WIsconsin-Parkside
smithv.cs.uwp.edu

------------------------------

End of WWII-L Digest - 12 Dec 1993 to 13 Dec 1993
*************************************************

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Subject:  WWII-L Digest - 13 Dec 1993 to 14 Dec 1993
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Status: O

There are 23 messages totalling 2068 lines in this issue.

Topics of the day:

  1. USAAF 13 DEC 43 (2)
  2. Carl: Motives? (2)
  3. USAAF
  4. USAAF 14-18 DEC 43
  5. USAAF 19-25 DEC 43
  6. re : USAAF 13 dec 1943
  7. Addr: Shelby Stanton's World War II Order of Battle
  8. USAAF 26-31 DEC 43
  9. USAAF 1-2 JAN 44
 10. LETTERS HOME (2)
 11. American/Allied motives for the Bombs (2)
 12. REF: Hamilton's address (3)
 13. Harper's book:  MIRACLE OF DELIVERANCE
 14. Question for Daniel Ford (2)
 15. Hitler and Pearl Harbor
 16. Japanese casualties

----------------------------------------------------------------------

Date:    Mon, 13 Dec 1993 23:45:35 CST
From:    Steve Alvin <salvin@HEARTLAND.BRADLEY.EDU>
Subject: Re: USAAF 13 DEC 43

This isn't real important, but my curiosity is up.  Does anyone
know how heavily the city of Lubeck was bombed during the war?
(My dissertation is on a war between the county of Holland and
Lubeck in 1532-1534--I've done a lot of work on it today and
combined with this list it had me wondering . . .)

--
Steve Alvin
salvin@heartland.bradley.edu

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 14 Dec 1993 06:26:41 -0500
From:    Daniel Ford <dan.ford@UNH.EDU>
Subject: Re: Carl: Motives?

I'm coming late to this discussion, but in everything I've read, yes,
the Japanese "believed" (perhaps not in the sense that you believe the
sun will rise today) that they would win the war because American
spiritual fiber was not sufficient to withstand the shock of an attack
that would damage the Pacific Fleet and rout their Pacific garrisons.

They envisioned a six-month circle of success so broad that the
westerners ("more interested in dancing than in fighting," as an
informational brochure--READ THIS ONLY AND THE WAR IS WON--put it that
was issued to every trooper in the invasion fleets) would simply accept
that line and forget about their losses. If that sounds foolish, well,
think of all the aggressors that did get away with it and are now our
pals.

Regards - Dan Ford

On Mon, 13 Dec 1993 mslrc@UXA.ECN.BGU.EDU wrote:

> Carl,
>
>      Anything on Japanese motives/expectations for the attack?  Did
> they REALLY think this could win the war?  How?
>
> Lou Coatney, WIU
>

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 14 Dec 1993 07:02:10 -0500
From:    jem3@CC.BELLCORE.COM
Subject: USAAF

The USAAF Combat Chronology is going on furlough as of 15 Dec 93; it
will return on 4 Jan 94.  I am posting all daily chronologies for that
period today.

To all of you reading this, I wish you the haHappiest of Holidays and New
Year.  Let's hope and pray that 1994 brings peace to the world especially
in Ulster.

-------------------------------------------------------------------
|  Jack McKillop         |  Those who have long enjoyed such      |
|  Bellcore              |  privileges as we enjoy forget in      |
|  Piscataway, NJ USA    |  time that men have died to win them.  |
|  jem3@cc.bellcore.com  |                       FDR              |
-------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 14 Dec 1993 07:20:35 -0500
From:    jem3@CC.BELLCORE.COM
Subject: USAAF 14-18 DEC 43

                  COMBAT CHRONOLOGY OF THE US ARMY AIR FORCES
                             14 - 18 DECEMBER 1943
FTP SITES
  1. ftp.rutgers.edu in directory pub/wwii/usaf
  2. byrd.mu.wvnet.edu (129.71.32.152) in pub/history/military/airforce/
     wwii_chronology

AIRCRAFT MENTIONED IN THIS REPORT:
  A-20, Douglas Havoc
  A-24, Douglas Dauntless
  A-36, North American Apache
  B-17, Boeing Flying Fortress
  B-24, Consolidated Liberator
  B-25, North American Mitchell
  B-26, Martin Marauder
  P-38, Lockheed Lightning
  P-39, Bell Airacobra
  P-40, Curtiss
  P-47, Republic Thunderbolt
  P-51, North American Mustang
  Ventura, Lockheed

TUESDAY, 14 DECEMBER 194

CENTRAL PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Seventh Air Force): 16 B-24's, flying
out of bases in the Ellice Islands, bomb Maloelap Atoll in the Marshall
Islands.

CHINA-BURMA-INDIA THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  CHINA (Fourteenth Air Force): In China, 13 B-25's, with fighter escort,
bomb Shasi; 2 P-40's strafe supply trucks S of Tengchung. 6 P-40's on armed
reconnaissance strafe Gia Lam Airfield and railroad yard in French Indochina.

MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  STRATEGIC OPERATIONS (Fifteenth Air Force): 150+ B-17's and B-24's, with
fighter escorts, bomb Greece. The B-24's hit the Tatoi air depot at Athens;
the B-17's hit the Kalamaki and Eleusis air depots at Athens and the docks
and shipping at Piraeus. The heavy bombers claim 10 fighters shot down.
  HQ 90th Reconnaissance Wing transfers from La Marsa, Tunisia to San
Severo, Italy.
  The 340th Bombardment Squadron (Heavy), 97th Bombardment Group (Heavy),
transfers from Depienne, Tunisia to Cerignola, Italy with B-17's.
  The 416th Bombardment Squadron (Heavy), 99th Bombardment Group (Heavy),
transfers from Oudna, Tunisia to Tortorella Airfield, Italy with B-17's.

  TACTICAL OPERATIONS (Twelfth Air Force): In Italy, medium bombers hit Orte,
concentrating on the marshalling yard; light bombers attack road bridge SW
of Pontecorvo in front of US Fifth Army lines; P-40 fighter-bombers hit
bridges S of Roccasecca and E of Atina; A-36's destroy a bridge at Ceprano
and bomb railroad yards, the town area, and highway at Sora, and docks and
town area of Civitavecchia.

SOUTH PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Thirteenth Air Force): In the Solomon
Islands, 18 B-24's, with fighter support, bomb positions on Sohano Island.
18 B-25's and 8 fighters hit Manob village E of Buka Passage. Other Thirteenth
Air Force fighters hit gun positions, communications targets, and other
targets of opportunity at scattered points in the Bougainville-Shortland
areas and cover US Navy (USN) dive bomber strikes against AA positions in
Chabai area on Bougainville Island.

SOUTHWEST PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Fifth Air Force): In New Guinea, in
the heaviest raid to date in the Southwest Pacific Area, 228 B-24's, B-25's,
and A-20's bomb Arawe in an almost continuous attack from 0645 to 1548 hours;
P-39's strafe barges along the Huon Peninsula. Gasmata Island off the S coast
of New Britain Island is hit by B-25's and B-26's. B-24's on armed
reconnaissance hit Saidor, New Guinea; and Gasmata and Unea Islands in the
Bismarck Archipelago.

WEDNESDAY, 15 DECEMBER 1943

CENTRAL PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Seventh Air Force): 20 B-24's from
Nanumea Island in the Ellice Islands, hit Maloelap Atoll in the Marshall
Islands. 10, staging from Canton Island in the Phoenix Islands through Baker
Island, bomb Wotje Atoll in the Marshall Islands. 1 B-24 is lost on Maloelap
Atoll raid; 2 enemy fighters are claimed destroyed.

CHINA-BURMA-INDIA THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  EASTERN AIR COMMAND: Eastern Air Command (EAC), a combined US-British
Command, is formed under Lieutenant General George E Stratemeyer (USAAF),
with Air Vice Marshall Thomas M Williams [Royal Air Force (RAF)] as Assistant
Commander. HQ, at New Delhi, India, will control all operational air units in
Assam and Burma which presently make up the US Tenth Air Force and RAF Bengal
Air Command. Major components of EAC are to be the Third Tactical Air Force
under Air Marshall Sir John E Baldwin (RAF), Strategic Air Force under
Brigadier General Howard C Davidson (USAAF), Troop Carrier Command under
Brigadier General William D Old (USAAF), and Photo Reconnaissance Force under
Group Captain Stewart G Wise. The Strategic Air Force and Troop Carrier
Command are activated on this date, the former having HQ at Belvedere Palace,
Calcutta, India and the latter at Comilla, India.

  CHINA (Fourteenth Air Force): In China, 25 P-40's strafe parked aircraft,
trucks, and several buildings at Pailochi; at least 3 enemy airplanes are
destroyed; 2 B-25's on a sea sweep over the Gulf of Tonkin claim 1 ocean-
going tug sunk; 16 P-40's on armed reconnaissance strafe the towns of
Owchihkow and Shihshow; 6 others attack the town of Luchiangpa and villages in
the area.

EUROPEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  TACTICAL OPERATIONS (Ninth Air Force): The Ninth Air Force comes under
operational control of the Allied Expeditionary Air Force (AEAF). A new
directive for tactical bomber operations lists reduction of enemy fighter
forces as the basic objective. A Ninth Air Force planning staff, composed of
officers who have had service with the Chief of Staff, Supreme Allied
Commander (COSSAC), is set up in London.

MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  STRATEGIC OPERATIONS (Fifteenth Air Force): B-17's. with P-38 and P-47
escorts, bomb marshalling yards at Bolzano, Italy and Innsbruck, Austria.
B-24's, with P-38 escort, attack Avisio, Italy viaduct. All targets suffer
considerable damage.

  TACTICAL OPERATIONS (Twelfth Air Force): In Yugoslavia, B-25's bomb the
airfield at Mostar and A-36 and P-40 fighter-bombers attack vessels, vehicles,
and parked aircraft N and E of the Peljesac Peninsula, near Mostar, and at
the Zemonico landing ground. In Italy, B-25's and A-20's bomb roads at
Pontecorvo and N of Frosinone; fighter-bombers blast gun positions along
the US Fifth Army front.

SOUTH PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Thirteenth Air Force): In the Solomon
Islands, 21 B-24's strike Sohano Island; 6 B-25's hit installations in the
Numa Numa-Arigua area; 23 B-25's and 16 fighters attack Buka Island, causing
heavy damage in the Chinatown area; P-40's destroy bridge at Runai. Numerous
targets of opportunity are attacked by AAF aircraft, operating individually
and in small flights, on armed reconnaissance over Bougainville Island and
other N Solomons areas.

SOUTHWEST PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Fifth Air Force): As a preliminary
to the main invasion of New Britain Island in the Bismarck Archipelago, US
forces under command of Brigadier General Julian W Cunningham land on the W
coast of the Arawe Peninsula on New Britain Island about 0700 local following
a naval and air bombardment; B-25's pound villages in the Arawe area; B-24's
bomb Cape Gloucester while P-39's strafe barges at Reiss Point. B-25's hit 2
freighters on Timor Island in the Sunda Islands.
  The 39th Fighter Squadron, 35th Fighter Group, transfers from Port Moresby
to Nadzab, New Guinea with P-47's.

THURSDAY, 16 DECEMBER 1943

CHINA-BURMA-INDIA THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  CHINA (Fourteenth Air Force): In China, 9 B-25's and 11 P-40's hit the NW
part of Owchihkow; 4 B-25's on sweeps over the S China Sea damage freighter
S of Nampang Island, bomb Tunguan docks, and shoot down 1 bomber; 15 P-40's
on armed reconnaissance strafe Pailochi Airfield; 11 others strafe boats in
channels N of Nanhsien; 6 P-38's strafe a troop train near Changanyi and
attack 25 sampans (destroying most of them) on the Yangtze River just above
Huangtang Lake.

EUROPEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  STRATEGIC OPERATIONS (Eighth Air Force): VIII Bomber Command Mission 156:
the port area at Bremen, Germany is the target. 402 of 479 B-17's, 133 of
141 B-24's and 10 of 11 PFF aircraft hit the target at 1309-1322 hours;
they claim 18-11-11 Luftwaffe aircraft; 10 B-17's are lost; 2 B-17's and 2
B-24's are damaged beyond repair; 128 B-17's, 22 B-24's and 5 PFF aircraft
are damaged; casualties are 6 KIA, 8 WIA and 104 MIA. The mission is escorted
by 31 P-38's, 131 P-47's and 39 Ninth Air Force P-51's; they claim 2-0-0
Luftwaffe aircraft; 1 P-47 is lost, 1 P-38 is damaged beyond repair and 1
P-38 damaged; casualties are 1 KIA and 1 MIA.
  VIII Bomber Command Mission 157: 4 B-17's drop 1.952 million leaflets
over Hannover, Germany; Brussels, Belgium; and Lille, France at 1903-1943
hours; no losses or casualties.

  TACTICAL OPERATIONS (Ninth Air Force): A basic directive for IX Bomber
Command training is issued on this date. Since most of IX Bomber Command's
combat units have been operational for some time earlier under the VIII Air
Support Command, extensive training will not begin until after the first of
the year when inexperienced units begin to arrive.

MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  STRATEGIC OPERATIONS (Fifteenth Air Force): In Italy, B-24's attack a
railroad bridge and tunnel at Dogna and the railroad between Dogna and
Chiusaforte; escorting P-38's strafe trains and oil tanks between Portogruaro
and Latisana; B-17's, escorted by P-38's and P-47's, bomb the Padua
marshalling yard and rail junction; rail lines, rolling stock, and buildings
are damaged extensively.              .

  TACTICAL OPERATIONS (Twelfth Air Force): In Yugoslavia, B-25's bomb
shipping at Zara and the harbor and marshalling yard at Sibenik; P-40's and
P-47's hit a vessel S of Zara and strafe targets of opportunity on the
Peljesac Peninsula. In Italy, A-20's attack gun positions near Mignano; P-40's
and A-36's hit gun batteries and strongpoints along the British Eighth Army
front S and E of Chieti, gun emplacements and troop concentrations all along
the US Fifth Army front, especially NE and S of Cassino, and also bomb
Roccasecca and docks at Civitavecchia.

SOUTH PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Thirteenth Air Force): In the Solomon
Islands, 14 B-24's bomb Monoitu on Bougainville Island. Smaller flights of
B-24's bomb Poporang and Sohano Islands, and dispersal areas at Bonis
Airfield on Bougainville. 5 B-25's, with fighter cover, hit Sankau Island.
Royal New Zealand Air Force (RNZAF) Ventura's attack targets on Green Island
and in the Mawareka, Marveiropa, and Mamaregu areas. Fighter aircraft support
US Navy (USN) dive bomber strikes on Sohano Island and gun positions at Bonis
and afterwards strafe targets of opportunity at several points on Bougainville.
  The 67th Fighter Squadron, 347th Fighter Group, which has been operating
from New Georgia Island with P-39's since Oct 43, returns to it's base on
Woodlark Island.

SOUTHWEST PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Fifth Air Force): B-24's hit Cape
Gloucester Airfield on New Britain Island. On New Guinea, B-25's hit Sio
and Kelana Harbor and P-40's hit the Timoeka area.
  HQ 348th Fighter Group transfers from Port Moresby to Finschhafen, New
Guinea.
  The 9th Fighter Squadron, 49th Fighter Group, transfers from Dobodura to
Gusap, New Guinea with P-47's.

FRIDAY, 17 DECEMBER 1943

CENTRAL PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Seventh Air Force): 10 B-24's are
dispatched from Nanumea Island in the Ellice Islands to bomb Maloelap Atoll
in the Marshall Islands; 9 are recalled because of weather; 1 bombs the
alternate target of Mille Atoll in the Caroline Islands.
  HQ 41st Bombardment Group (Medium) transfers from Hickam Field, Oahu,
Territory of Hawaii to Tarawa Atoll in the Gilbert Islands.

CHINA-BURMA-INDIA THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  CHINA (Fourteenth Air Force): 6 P-40's bomb and strafe barracks near
Kunlong. 6 others bomb and strafe targets of opportunity in Hanoi, French
Indochina.

EUROPEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  TACTICAL OPERATIONS (Ninth Air Force): The Ninth Air Force planning group
joins the 21 Army Group, AEAF, and the RAF's Second Tactical Air Force in
preparation of the air section of the initial joint plan (Operation NEPTUNE)
for Operation OVERLORD (the invasion of Normandy). This begins planning which
later results in a massive Ninth Air Force plan for moving the Ninth into
battle on the continent of Europe.

MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  STRATEGIC OPERATIONS (Fifteenth Air Force): Operations are restricted to
weather reconnaissance.

  TACTICAL OPERATIONS (Twelfth Air Force): In Italy, A-20's strike an
artillery concentration near Sant'Elia Fiumerapido; All B-25 missions are
abortive; A-36's and P-40 fighter-bombers bomb positions at Monte Trocchio,
Cervaro, and Cardito, and the marshalling yard, barracks, warehouses, and
docks at Nettuno and Anzio. In Yugoslavia, P-40's and P-51's, with South
African Air Force (SAAF) escort, strafe a vessel near Trpanj.

SOUTH PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Thirteenth Air Force): On Bougainville
Island in the Solomon Islands, 18 B-25's strike Malai; 6 others join USN dive
bombers in pounding the Mutupina Point Area; 5 RNZAF Ventura's hit Poroporo
and Tarekekori.

SOUTHWEST PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Fifth Air Force): On New Britain
Island in the Bismarck Archipelago, P-47's intercept 35-40 aircraft attacking
Allied forces on the Arawe peninsula; at least 10 airplanes are claimed shot
down; Cape Gloucester and nearby shipping are attacked by B-24's and B-25's.
In New Guinea, B-25's bomb the Sio area and P-39's sink 2 barges during a
sweep along the Huon Peninsula.
  The 341st and 342d Fighter Squadrons, 348th Fighter Group, transfer from
Port Moresby to Finschhafen, New Guinea with P-47's.

SATURDAY, 18 DECEMBER 1943

AMERICAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  ZONE OF INTERIOR (HQ AAF): General Henry H "Hap" Arnold sends to Air Chief
Marshall Sir Charles F Portal (RAF) announcement of the US air officers for
top commands in Europe in 1944. The list includes Lieutenant General Ira C
Eaker, Allied Air Forces in the Mediterranean Theater of Operations (MTO);
Lieutenant General John K Cannon, Twelfth Air Force; Lieutenant General
Nathan F Twining, Fifteenth Air Force; General Carl Spaatz, US Strategic Air
Forces (USSAFE); Lieutenant General James H Doolittle, Eighth Air Force; and
Lieutenant General Lewis H Brereton, Ninth Air Force.

CENTRAL PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Seventh Air Force): 14 B-24's bomb
Mille Atoll in the Caroline Islands.
  The 46th and 72d Fighter Squadrons, 15th Fighter Group, transfer from Canton
Island in the Phoenix Islands and Wheeler Field, Territory of Hawaii
respectively to Makin Island in the Gilbert Islands with P-39's.
  The 531st Fighter-Bomber Squadron, Seventh Air Force, transfers from
Canton Island in the Phoenix Islands to Makin Island in the Gilbert Islands
with A-24's.

CHINA-BURMA-INDIA THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  EASTERN AIR COMMAND (EAC): The Third Tactical Air Force is activated under
Air Marshall Sir John E Baldwin (RAF) as a major component of EAC.

  CHINA (Fourteenth Air Force): In China, 27 B-24's, supported by 28 P-40's,
pound the airfield at Namsang; some of the P-40's strafe Laihka Airfield; 2
B-25's on a sea sweep claim damaging hits on a freighter and a tanker in
the Hainan Straits; 5 B-25's bomb SW part of Nanhsien.

MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  STRATEGIC OPERATIONS (Fifteenth Air Force): In France, B-26's bomb Var
River bridges, destroying a highway bridge and damaging a railroad bridge;
other B-26's have less success against the Antheor viaduct, although there
are several near misses.

  TACTICAL OPERATIONS (Twelfth Air Force): Weather limits operations. In
Italy, P-40 fighter-bombers attack positions in Tollo, Canosa Sannita, and
Orsogna, and strafe a schooner off Trogir; A-36's hit defended areas near
Cassino and at Viticuso, a supply dump and gun emplacement near Tenacina,
and positions at Monte Trocchio.

SOUTH PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Thirteenth Air Force): On Bougainville
Island in the Solomon Islands, 10 B-24's bomb the Kahili supply area, 5 more
hit the Bonis supply area, and 19 others hit targets in the Chabai-Porton
area; 5 B-25's carry out low-level strike on troop concentrations at Poroporo
and 11 bomb Korovo; B-24's, operating individually and in small flights, on
armed reconnaissance attack Kahili, Kieta, and Poporang; fighters strafe
targets of opportunity at Numa Numa, Cape Pui Pui, and the E coast of Buka.

SOUTHWEST PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Fifth Air Force): On New Britain
Island in the Bismarck Archipelago, 70+ B-24's, B-25's, and B-26's bomb Cape
Gloucester; 20+ B-25's bomb the Borgen Bay area; and nearly 40 B-24's hit
Hoskins Airfield. In New Guinea, 33 A-20's bomb and strafe dumps and
bivouacs N of Finschhafen.

SOURCES:
AIR FORCE COMBAT UNITS OF WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force History,
  Headquarters USAF, 1961, ISBN 0-912799-02-1
COMBAT SQUADRONS OF THE AIR FORCE, WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force
  History, Headquarters USAF 1982
THE ARMY AIR FORCES IN WORLD WAR II: COMBAT CHRONOLOGY, 1941-1945 by the
  Office of Air Force History, Headquarters USAF, 1973
THE MIGHTY EIGHTH WAR DIARY by Roger A. Freeman, ISBN 1-85409-071-2

Jack McKillop
USAF (Airways and Air Communications Service)
1955-59

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|  Jack McKillop         |  Those who have long enjoyed such      |
|  Bellcore              |  privileges as we enjoy forget in      |
|  Piscataway, NJ USA    |  time that men have died to win them.  |
|  jem3@cc.bellcore.com  |                       FDR              |
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------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 14 Dec 1993 07:46:42 -0500
From:    jem3@CC.BELLCORE.COM
Subject: USAAF 19-25 DEC 43

              COMBAT CHRONOLOGY OF THE US ARMY AIR FORCES
                       19 - 25 DECEMBER 1943
FTP SITES
  1. ftp.rutgers.edu in directory pub/wwii/usaf
  2. byrd.mu.wvnet.edu (129.71.32.152) in pub/history/military/airforce/
     wwii_chronology

AIRCRAFT MENTIONED IN THIS REPORT:
  A-20, Douglas Havoc
  A-24, Douglas Dauntless
  A-36, North American Apache
  B-17, Boeing Flying Fortress
  B-24, Consolidated Liberator
  B-25, North American Mitchell
  B-26, Martin Marauder
  F-9, Consolidated Liberator
  F6F, Grumman Hellcat (USN)
  P-38, Lockheed Lightning
  P-39, Bell Airacobra
  P-40, Curtiss
  P-47, Republic Thunderbolt
  P-51, North American Mustang
  PB4Y, Consolidated Liberator (USN)
  Spitfire, Vickers Supermarine
  Ventura, Lockheed

SUNDAY, 19 DECEMBER 1943

CENTRAL PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Seventh Air Force): 29 B-24's from
Nanumea Island in the Ellice Islands and Baker Island bomb barracks, hangars,
and wharf areas on Mille Atoll in the Caroline Islands and Maloelap Atoll in
the Marshall Islands; they claim 7 fighters shot down. P-39's from Makin
Island in the Gilbert Islands strafe Mille Atoll in the Caroline Islands,
destroying 3 airplanes and firing an oil dump; 2 P-39's are lost.

CHINA-BURMA-INDIA THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  BURMA-INDIA (Tenth Air Force): 20 B-24's fly a night strike against newly
expanded dock area at Bangkok, Thailand causing considerable destruction.

  CHINA (Fourteenth Air Force): In China, about 35 Japanese bombers and
fighters attack Hengyang Airfield; 26 P-40's are sent up against the
attacking force and shoot down 9; 2 P-40's are lost. 12 B-25's and 8 P-40's
attack Nanhsien and Ansiang.

EUROPEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  STRATEGIC OPERATIONS (Eighth Air Force): VIII Bomber Command Mission 158:
5 B-17's drop 1 million leaflets on Paris, Amiens and Chartres, France at
2059-2135 hours; no losses or casualties.

MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  STRATEGIC OPERATIONS (Fifteenth Air Force): In Austria, about 50 B-24's
attack the Messerschmitt plant at Augsburg and and about 100 B-17's hit the
marshalling yard at Innsbruck. P-38's and P-47's provide partial escort.  9
heavy bombers are lost; US aircraft claim 37 fighters shot down. In Italy,
P-47's of the 325th Fighter Group, dispatched for escort duty, miss the
rendezvous with the heavy bombers and instead strafe Ancona Airfield, truck
convoys at Porto Civitsnova, a train near Senigallia, and a vessel at Roseto
degli Abruzzi; B-26's bomb the Perugia railroad installations and marshalling
yards at Castiglione della Valle and Foligno.
  HQ 98th Bombardment Group (Heavy) and it's 343d, 344th and 415th Bombardment
Squadrons (Heavy) transfer from Brindisi to Manduria, Italy with B-24's.

  TACTICAL OPERATIONS (Twelfth Air Force): In Italy, B-25's bomb the Terni
marshalling yard and the Orte marshalling yard and airfield; A-20's attack
road, bridge, and the town of Orte and hit Cassino; P-40's bomb Orsogna,
Sant' Elia Fiumerapido, and dump near Arce, and hit shipping at Split, Trogir,
and Solin, Yugoslavia. A-36's hit railroad and harbor area at Civitavecchia,
Italy.

SOUTH PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Thirteenth Air Force): On Bougainville
Island in the Solomon Islands, 24 B-25's bomb the Moisuru bivouac and supply
dump; other planes on armed reconnaissance hit targets of opportunity at Buka,
Bonis, Ratsua, Poporang, Kara, Kahili, Koiaris, and on Nissan Island. 16
B-24's, escorted by 50 AAF and Royal New Zealand Air Force (RNZAF) fighters,
bomb the town of Rabaul and Simpson Harbor on New Britain Island in the
Bismarck Archipelago.

SOUTHWEST PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Fifth Air Force): On New Britain
Island in the Bismarck Archipelago, Cape Gloucester is bombed by more than
140 B-24's, B-25's, and B-26's as pre-invasion operations increase; 37 P-40's
hit Gasmata Island off the S coast of New Britain; and 20 A-20's pound forces
NE of Arawe. In New Guinea, about 30 B-25's, A-20's, and P-39's hit barges,
bivouac areas, and gun positions N and W of Finschhafen; 30 B-25's and B-26's
pound Madang; and P-47's sweep the coastline of NE New Guinea.
  HQ 375th Troop Carrier Group transfers from Dobodura to Port Moresby, New
Guinea.
  The 2d Bombardment Squadron (Medium), 22d Bombardment Group (Medium),
transfers from Dobodura to Nadzab, New Guinea with B-25's.

MONDAY, 20 DECEMBER 1943

AMERICAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  MEXICO (First Air Force): A detachment of the 19th Photographic Charting
Squadron, 11th Photographic Group (Mapping), operating from Mexico City,
Mexico with F-9's, returns to it's base at Bradly Field, Windsor Locks,
Connecticut.

CENTRAL PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Seventh Air Force): 16 B-24's flying
out of Nanumea Island in the Ellice Islands and Baker Island bomb Maloelap
Atoll in the Marshall Islands; 3 B-24's are shot down; they claim 8 fighters
destroyed.

CHINA-BURMA-INDIA THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  CHINA (Fourteenth Air Force): In China, 11 B-25's and 6 P-40's from Kweilin
pound the Yoyang railroad yards; P-40's from Hengyang also provide support
for the B-25's.

EUROPEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  STRATEGIC OPERATIONS (Eighth Air Force): VIII Bomber Command Mission 159:
the port area at Bremen, Germany is hit. 357 of 407 B-17's, 103 of 127 B-24's
and 12 of 12 PFF aircraft hit the target at 1142-1214 hours; they claim
21-14-23 Luftwaffe aircraft; 21 B-17's and 6 B-24's are lost; 3 B-17's are
damaged beyond repair; 213 B-17's and 34 B-24's are damaged; casualties are
9 KIA, 41 WIA and 270 MIA. Window-metal foil strips which, when dropped from
an airplane, provide an echo which confuses radar locating equipment is used
for the first time on an Eighth Air Force mission. This mission is escorted
by 26 P-38's, 418 P-47's and 47 Ninth Air Force P-51's; they claim 19-3-6
Luftwaffe aircraft; 2 P-47's and 4 P-51's are lost; 1 P-47 is damaged beyond
repair and 5 P-47's are damaged; casualties are 1 WIA and 5 MIA. Twin-engine,
rocket-firing Luftwaffe fighters attack under protection of single engine
airplanes.
  VIII Bomber Command Mission 160: 5 B-17's drop 1 million leaflets on
Lille and Lens, France and Ghent and Brussels, Belgium at 2005-2015 hours;
no losses.

  TACTICAL OPERATIONS (Ninth Air Force): 35 B-26's attack V-weapon sites in
N France; 150+ others abort because of weather.
  The 381st Fighter Squadron, 363d Fighter Group, arrives at Keevil, England
from the U.S. without aircraft.

MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  MEDITERRANEAN ALLIED AIR FORCE (MAAF): The MAAF is established, retroactive
to 10 Dec 43. Commanded by Air Chief Marshall Sir Arthur Tedder [Royal Air
Force (RAF)], MAAF is comprised of all Allied air elements (RAF, USAAF, French,
and other) which are operating in the Mediterranean Theater of Operations
(MTO). These elements previously were part of the Mediterranean Air Command
(MAC) and Northwest African Air Force (NAAF), which are disbanded. US Army Air
Forces, North African Theater of Operations (USAAFNATO) is established with
General Carl Spaatz as commander, to facilitate administration of AAF units
of the Twelfth and Fifteenth Air Forces.

  STRATEGIC OPERATIONS (Fifteenth Air Force): 30+ B-24's bomb a marshalling
yard at Sofia, Bulgaria and more than 100 B-17's hit Eleusis Airfield in
Greece. Heavy bombers and escorting fighters claim 30+ fighters destroyed in
combat; 9 of the escorts are lost.
  HQ 97th Bombardment Group (Heavy) transfers from Depienne, Tunisia to
Cerignola, Italy.
  HQ 450th Bombardment Group (Heavy) arrives at Manduria, Italy from the U.S.
  The 345th Bombardment Squadron (Heavy), 98th Bombardment Group (Heavy),
transfers from Brindisi to Manuria, Italy with B-24's.

  TACTICAL OPERATIONS (Twelfth Air Force): In Italy, P-40's and RAF, South
African Air Force (SAAF), and Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) fighter-
bombers blast vehicles and heavily defended areas near Chieti and Orsogna,
and hit a fuel dump near Manoppello. A-36's bomb Terracina and hit water
towers, a train, and a railway station S of Rome.

SOUTH PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Thirteenth Air Force): In the Solomon
Islands, 13 B-25's, with fighter cover, bomb Korovo village and docks on
Shortland Island. 8 others, with fighter escort, hit Buka on Buka Island.
Afterwards the fighters strafe Kieta and Tenekow on Bougainville Island. Other
fighters and RNZAF Ventura's on armed reconnaissance, patrol, and night
snooper missions attack numerous targets of opportunity throughout
Bougainville.

SOUTHWEST PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Fifth Air Force): On New Britain
Island in the Bismarck Archipelago, A-20's hit the Arawe area and P-38's in
the area claim 10 enemy along S coast; B-24's on armed reconnaissance bomb
a merchant ship off Cape Pomas. In New Guinea, B-26's and B-25's hit bivouacs
in the Finschhafen area and bomb the town of Alexishafen.

TUESDAY, 21 DECEMBER 1943

CENTRAL PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Seventh Air Force): 8 B-24's from
Nanumea Island in the Ellice Islands escort 4 US Navy (USN) PB4Y's on a photo
mission over Kwajalein Atoll in the Marshall Islands. The B-24's bomb shipping
and aircraft landing grounds and other facilities at Roi, Ennuebing, and
Kwajalein Islands in the Marshall Islands. A-24's, along with USN and US
Marine Corps (USMC) aircraft, hit shipping and airfields at Emidj Island in
the Marshall Islands. 16 P-39's strafe fuel dumps, shipping, and AA at Mille
Atoll in the Caroline Islands.

CHINA-BURMA-INDIA THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  CHINA (Fourteenth Air Force): In China, 29 B-24's pound the railroad yards
at Chiengmai; the warehouse area along the W side of the yards suffers very
heavy damage; 14 B-25's, with fighter escort, attack Hwajung.

EUROPEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  TACTICAL OPERATIONS (Ninth Air Force): 84 B-26's bomb V-weapon sites and
other targets in France.

MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  STRATEGIC OPERATIONS (Fifteenth Air Force): Operations are restricted to
weather reconnaissance and to air-sea rescue patrols N of Corfu Island,
Greece.

  TACTICAL OPERATIONS (Twelfth Air Force): Lieutenant General John K Cannon
takes command. In Italy, B-25's bomb Terracina; P-40's hit the same target
and also bomb positions and munitions factory S of Sant' Elia Fiumerapido;
A-36's bomb positions, a fuel dump, and munitions factory in the Cervaro area,
and hit trains, a seaplane base, a radar station, trucks, and other targets in
the Rome-Civitavecchia area.

SOUTH PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Thirteenth Air Force): On Bougainville
Island in the Solomon Islands, 6 B-25's attack Monoitu Mission; during the
night of 21/22 Dec, snoopers bomb various bivouac areas.

SOUTHWEST PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Fifth Air Force): On New Britain
Island in the Bismarck Archipelago, pre-invasion air strikes continue against
Cape Gloucester as 100+ B-24's, B-25's, and A-20's pound the area; P-39's
strafe targets along Borgen and Rein Bays; P-40's and A-20's hit Hoskins
Airfield; and P-47's claim 17 fighters shot down in the Arawe area. In New
Guinea, A-20's hit camps N of Finschhafen; B-25's bomb and cannon Madang;
and P-40's hit Kaukenau. B-24's bomb Amahai Airfield on Ceram Island.
  The 110th Reconnaissance Squadron (Fighter), 71st Reconnaissance Group,
transfers from Brisbane, Queensland, Australia to Port Moresby, New Guinea
with P-39Q's. They will fly their first mission on 21 Jan 44.

WEDNESDAY, 22 DECEMBER 1943

AMERICAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  ZONE OF INTERIOR (HQ AAF): Orders are issued for General Carl Spaatz to
take command of US Strategic Air Forces in Europe (USSAFE). Lieutenant General
Ira C Eaker, Eighth Air Force Commanding General, is to Command Allied Air
Forces in the MTO, after remaining in the UK until mid-Jan to advise Spaatz
and Lieutenant General James H Doolittle, the new Commanding General, Eighth
Air Force.

CENTRAL PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Seventh Air Force): 11 A-24's from
Makin Island in the Gilbert Islands dive-bomb cargo ships in Mille Atoll
lagoon in the Caroline Islands; escort is provided by 32 P-39's and USN F6F's;
the P-39's strafe the ship and AA and gasoline dumps on the island and the
vessel is left burning.

CHINA-BURMA-INDIA THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  CHINA (Fourteenth Air Force): In China, 7 B-25's, with fighter escort,
bomb Hwajung; 2 others claim 3 direct hits on a freighter 105 miles (168
km) S of Hong Kong. 65 Japanese bombers and fighters attack Kunming Airfield;
10 P-40's and a P-38 from Kunming and several fighters from Yunnani engage
the enemy force in a 50-minute running battle, claiming 12 airplanes shot
down; 2 US aircraft are destroyed on the ground; damage to airfield is not
serious. 7 P-40's intercept a force of 58 airplanes heading toward Chengkung,
shooting down 3 of them and preventing an attack on the airfield.

EUROPEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  STRATEGIC OPERATIONS (Eighth Air Force): VIII Bomber Command Mission 161:
Marshalling yards at Osnabruck and Munster, Germany are targetted; 22 US
bombers are lost. Heavy cloud conditions along with a malfunction of
Pathfinder equipment result in a large number of heavy bombers failing to
attack targets.
  1. 147 of 225 B-17's, 87 of 121 B-24's and 2 PFF aircraft hit the Osnabruck
at 1356-1434 hours; they claim 18-8-6 Luftwaffe aircraft; 5 B-17's and 12
B-24's are lost; 2 B-17's and 1 B-24 are damaged beyond repair; and 21 B-17's
and 11 B-24's are damaged; casualties are 6 KIA, 13 WIA and 160 MIA.
  2. 164 of 177 B-17's, 30 of 43 B-24's and 3 PFF aircraft hit Munster at
1353-1417 hours; 3 B-17's and 2 B-24's are lost, 1 B-17 is damaged beyond
repair, and 29 B-17's are damaged; casualties are 1 WIA and 50 MIA.
  The bombers are escorted by 40 P-38's, 448 P-47's and 28 Ninth Air Force
P-51's; they claim 15-1-6 Luftwaffe aircraft; 2 P-38's and 2 P-47's are lost
and 1 P-47 is damaged; casualties are 4 MIA>
  VIII Bomber Command Mission 162: 6 B-17's drop 1.212 million leaflets on
Paris, Amiens, Chartres, Orleans and Rennes, France at 1942-2018 hours; no
casualties.
  VIII Bomber Command Mission 163: 1 B-17 drops two 2,000 pound (907 kf)
general purpose bombs and 1 Photoflash on Cologne, Germany at 2020 hours;
no casualties.
  RAF light bombers attack numerous NOBALL (V-weapons) targets in France in
conjunction with the Osnabruck-Munster raids.

  TACTICAL OPERATIONS (Ninth Air Force): 210 B-26's sent to bomb special
targets in France are recalled because of bad weather.
  HQ 365th Fighter Group and it's 387th and 388th Fighter Squadrons arrive
at Gosfield, England from the US with P-47's. They will fly their first
mission on 22 Feb 44.
  The 15th Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron, 73d Tactical Reconnaissance
Group, arrives at Aldermaston, England from the US without aircraft. They
will be equipped with Spitfires and fly their first mission on 26 Mar 44.

MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  STRATEGIC OPERATIONS (Fifteenth Air Force): Operations are again limited
to weather reconnaissance.

  TACTICAL OPERATIONS (Twelfth Air Force): Major General Paul L Williams
reassumes command of the XII Troop Carrier Command (Provisional). In Italy,
P-40's and Spitfires of the Twelfth Air Force, RAF, SAAF, and RAAF hit strong
points in the Tollo-Miglianico-Chieti areas; P-40's blast bridge, locomotives,
trucks, and railroad tracks at and near Tortoreto and Benedello; P-47's strafe
targets of opportunity in the area around Zara, Yugoslavia.

SOUTH PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Thirteenth Air Force): On Bougainville
Island in the Solomon Islands, B-25'a carry out strikes against Numa Numa,
the Kahili supply area, the Chinatown area on Buka Island, and scattered
targets of opportunity; fighter aircraft and B-24's attack barge
concentrations and hide-outs at Sohano Island, the Chabai-Porton area, Anewa
Bay, and Ambitle Island, and several targets of opportunity throughout
Bougainville; B-24's, operating individually and in pairs, attack targets of
opportunity near Bonis, near Porton, and at Sohano Island.

SOUTHWEST PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Fifth Air Force): On New Britain
Island in the Bismarck Archipelago, 30+ B-24's, B-25's, and A-20's continue
bombardment of Cape Gloucester; a Japanese air raid on Arawe causes minor
damage. In New Guinea, nearly 40 B-25's, with P-38 escort, bomb Wewak and
Boram; the P-38's, B-25's, and some P-47's on sweep claim at least 13
aircraft shot down; B-25's and P-39's bomb airfield and barges at Madang and
the town of Alexishafen; and A-20's and B-26's pound occupied area N of
Finschhafen.
  The 36th Fighter Squadron, 8th Fighter Group, transfers from Port Moresby
to Nadzab, New Guinea with P-47's.
  The 408th Bombardment Squadron (Medium), 22d Bombardment Group (Heavy),
transfers from Dobodura to Nadzab, New Guinea with B-25's.

THURSDAY, 23 DECEMBER 1943

CENTRAL PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Seventh Air Force): During the night
of 23/24 Dec, P-39's are airborne over Makin Island in the Gilbert Islands to
intercept enemy bombers; 2 bombers are shot down; 1 P-39 is lost. During the
day, 19 B-24's, staging through Tarawa Atoll in the Gilbert Islands from
Nanumea Island in the Ellice Islands, bomb Kwajalein Atoll in the Marshall
Islands; 9 others, staging through Baker Island from Canton Island in the
Phoenix Islands, hit Wotje and Maloelap Atolls in the Marshall Islands. 10
A-24's, escorted by 20 P-39's, attack Mille Atoll in the Caroline Islands,
hitting shore installations and a cargo vessel (wrecked by the previous day's
raid) in the lagoon.

CHINA-BURMA-INDIA THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  BURMA-INDIA (Tenth Air Force): 19 B-24's on a night raid bomb the railroad
terminal at Bangkok, Thailand; heavy explosions and large fires result.

  CHINA (Fourteenth Air Force): In China, 29 B-24's, escorted by 7 P-51's and
23 P-40's, pound White Cloud Airfield in the area; the and fighters claim 11
interceptors downed. 14 P-38's dive-bomb and strafe Huang Shan Kou. 2 B-25's
claim 1 gunboat sunk in the Formosa Straits.          .
  HQ 68th Composite Wing transfers from Kunming to Kweilin, China.

EUROPEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  STRATEGIC OPERATIONS (Eighth Air Force): 92 P-47's are dispatched to
Gilze-Rijen Airfield in The Netherlands; 2 squadrons dive-bomb the target
while the 1 squadron provides escort; no casualties.
  HQ 453d Bombardment Group (Heavy) and it's 732d, 733d, 734th and 735th
Bombardment Squadrons (Heavy) arrive at Old Buckenham, England from the US
with B-17's. They will fly their mission on 5 Feb 44.

  TACTICAL OPERATIONS (Ninth Air Force): HQ 71st Fighter Wing arrives at
Aldermaston, England from the US.
  HQ 363d Fighter Group and it's 380th and 382d Fighter Squadrons arrive at
Keevil, England from the US without aircraft. They will be equipped with
P-51's and fly their first mission on 24 Feb 44.
  The 386th Fighter Squadron, 365th Fighter Group, arrives at Gosfield,
England from the US with P-47's. They will fly their first mission on 22 Feb
44.

MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  STRATEGIC OPERATIONS (Fifteenth Air Force): B-26's hit the viaduct at
Antheor, France and railroad bridge and marshalling yard at Imperia, Italy.
The Ventimiglia, Italy railroad bridge is attacked; the bridge is not hit but
the overpass, tunnel, tracks. and transformer station nearby are damaged.

  TACTICAL OPERATIONS (Twelfth Air Force): P-40's and P-47's attempt to
support Yugoslav partisans resisting the German invasion of Korcula Island
off the Peljesac Peninsula, but bad weather prevents location of targets.

SOUTH PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Thirteenth Air Force): In the Solomon
Islands,  17 B-25'a attack gun positions and other targets at Sohano Island,
and 6 hit positions at Malevoli in Choiseul Bay on Choiseul Island. 6 RNZAF
Ventura's attack a radar station and lighthouse on Cape Saint George on
Bougainville Island. 16 P-39's on patrol bomb and strafe targets on Shortland
Island. 18 B-24's bomb Taharai Airfield in the Rabaul area of New Britain
Island in the Bismarck Archipelago; Vunakanau also is hit; fighter escorts
claim 30 aircraft shot down over the Rabaul area. This begins a Commander Air
Solomons (COMAIRSOLS) all-out offensive against the Rabaul area that continues
until the end of Mar 44.

SOUTHWEST PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Fifth Air Force): On New Britain
Island in the Bismarck Archipelago, 61 B-24's bomb Cape Gloucester during
the day; B-24's follow during the night of 23/24 Dec with harassing attacks
with small bombs, hand grenades, and beer bottles; P-39's hit barges between
Borgen Bay and Rein Bay, and P-40's bomb Gasmata Island off the S coast of
New Britain and strafe Cape Hoskin. In New Guinea, 80+ B-25's, B-26's and
A-20's attack coastal targets from Wewak to Hansa Bay, wide areas of the Huon
Peninsula, and airfields at Alexishafen; and B-24's bomb Nabire.
  HQ 8th Fighter Group transfers from Port Moresby to Finschhafen, New Guinea.
  The 501st Bombardment Squadron (Medium), 345th Bombardment Group (Medium),
transfers from Port Moresby to Dobodura, New Guinea with B-25's.

FRIDAY, 24 DECEMBER 1943

AMERICAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  ANTISUBMARINE OPERATIONS (I Bomber Command): The air echelon of the 23d
Antisubmarine Squadron (Heavy), I Bomber Command, transfers from Edinburgh
Field, Trinidad to Drew Field, Tampa, Florida with B-25's . The squadron will
be disbanded in Feb 44.

CENTRAL PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Seventh Air Force): 18 B-24's, staging
through the Gilbert Islands from the Ellice Islands, bomb Wotje Atoll in the
Marshall Islands.
  The 396th and 820th Bombardment Squadrons (Medium), 41st Bombardment Group
(Medium), transfer from Hickam Field, Territory of Hawaii to Tarawa Atoll in
the Gilbert Islands with B-25's. They will fly their first mission on 19 Jan
44 and 28 Dec respectively.

CHINA-BURMA-INDIA THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  CHINA (Fourteenth Air Force): 18 B-24's bomb a Tien Ho satellite airfield.
The B-24's and 18 escorting fighters claim 20 interceptors shot down. 1 B-24
is lost over the target.

EUROPEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  STRATEGIC OPERATIONS (Eighth Air Force): 26 heavy bomber groups are now
operational.
  VIII Bomber Command Mission 164: 23 V-weapon sites in the Pas de Calais
area of France are hit. 478 of 526 B-17's 192 of 196 B-24's hit the targets
at 1330-1510 hours; 2 B-24's are damaged beyond repair and 85 B-17's are
damaged; casualties are 4 WIA. This is the largest number of aircraft
carrying out attacks of any Eighth Air Force mission to date and the first
of its major strikes against missile sites. The heavies are escorted by 40
P-38's, 459 P-47's and 42 Ninth Air Force P-51's; 2 P-38's are damaged
beyond repair and 2 P-51's are damaged; no casualties.

  TACTICAL OPERATIONS (Ninth Air Force): 60+ B-26's attack NOBALL (V-missile
sites) targets in Pas de Calais area of France. 30+ B-26's abort due to bad
weather.

MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  STRATEGIC OPERATIONS (Fifteenth Air Force): In Italy, 100+ B-26's dispatched
to bomb the Pisa, Italy marshalling yard fail to locate the target due to
overcast. 24 B-26's bomb the marshalling yard at Cecina.

  TACTICAL OPERATIONS (Twelfth Air Force): Weather severely hampers
operations. P-40's fail to locate the target, a vessel at Ugljan Island,
Yugoslavia, but shoot down 1 airplane in the Adriatic Sea.

SOUTH PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Thirteenth Air Force): In the Solomon
Islands during the night of 23/24 Dec, single aircraft carry out harassing
strikes against Buka on Buka Island, Kieta on Bougainville Island and Faisi
Island. During the day, 24 B-25's attack seaplane anchorage at Bonis on
Bougainville. On New Britain Island in the Bismarck Archipelago, 18 B-24's
bomb Vunakanau Airfield at Rabaul; 6 others hit Lakunai; fighter cover for
the strike fights a fierce air action with interceptors, claiming 25 shot
down; 7 Allied fighters are lost. RNZAF Ventura's on armed reconnaissance bomb
barges and troops on N Bougainville and claim 2 fighters shot down E of Cape
Saint George.

SOUTHWEST PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Fifth Air Force): On New Britain
Island in the Bismarck Archipelago, the pre-invasion bombing effort against
Cape Gloucester reaches its peak as nearly 190 B-24's, B-25's, and A-20's
pound the area in a day-long bombardment; P-39's hit a disabled destroyer
offshore; and Japanese forces in Arawe area are hit by A-20's. A-20's also
sweep the NE New Guinea coastline. B-25's bomb Atamboea on Timor Island.

SATURDAY, 25 DECEMBER 1943

CENTRAL PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Seventh Air Force): 10 A-24's from
Makin Island in the Gilbert Islands, supported by P-39's, attack Mille Atoll
in the Caroline Islands, hitting the runway, ammunition storage, and an AA
position.

CHINA-BURMA-INDIA THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  CHINA (Fourteenth Air Force): 2 B-25's claim heavy damage to a passenger
ship S of Hong Kong.

MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  STRATEGIC OPERATIONS (Fifteenth Air Force): In Italy, B-26's pound the
Pisa-Porta Nuova area, scoring especially damaging hits in the marshalling
yards. B-17's hit the Bolzano marshalling yard; and B-24's hit the Pordenone
marshalling yard and targets of opportunity at Vicenza. B-17's of 2 groups
fail to locate targets due to bad weather, and many fighters ticketed for
escort duty fail to rendezvous with heavy bombers in the overcast skies.

  TACTICAL OPERATIONS (Twelfth Air Force): A-36's bomb road, trucks, and
the town area at Pontecorvo, Italy. P-40's, with a few SAAF Spitfires, hit a
motor launch in Peljesac Channel of Yugoslavia.

SOUTH PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Thirteenth Air Force): A few B-24's,
fighting bad weather, attack the Rabaul area on New Britain Island,
concentrating on Lakunai airfield; covering fighters claim 13 airplanes shot
down. 2 P-38's are lost.

SOUTHWEST PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Fifth Air Force): On New Britain
Island in the Bismarck Archipelago, Cape Gloucester is subjected to almost
around the clock air attacks by l80+ B-24's, B-25's, B-26's, and A-20's;
A-20's attack Japanese forces in the Arawe area where Allied outposts and
observation posts are being pushed back by fierce enemy assaults on the
beachhead.
  The 35th Fighter Squadron, 8th Fighter Group, transfers from Port Moresby
to Finschhafen, New Guinea with P-40's.
  The 386th and 387th Bombardment Squadrons (Light), 312th Bombardment Group
(Light), transfer from Port Moresby to Gusap, New Guinea with P-40's. They
will fly their first mission on 27 and 26 Dec respectively.

SOURCES:
AIR FORCE COMBAT UNITS OF WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force History,
  Headquarters USAF, 1961, ISBN 0-912799-02-1
COMBAT SQUADRONS OF THE AIR FORCE, WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force
  History, Headquarters USAF 1982
THE ARMY AIR FORCES IN WORLD WAR II: COMBAT CHRONOLOGY, 1941-1945 by the
  Office of Air Force History, Headquarters USAF, 1973
THE MIGHTY EIGHTH WAR DIARY by Roger A. Freeman, ISBN 1-85409-071-2

Jack McKillop
USAF (Airways and Air Communications Service)
1955-59

-------------------------------------------------------------------
|  Jack McKillop         |  Those who have long enjoyed such      |
|  Bellcore              |  privileges as we enjoy forget in      |
|  Piscataway, NJ USA    |  time that men have died to win them.  |
|  jem3@cc.bellcore.com  |                       FDR              |
-------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 14 Dec 1993 13:55:00 CET
From:    Peter de Lange <MIMHCB@RULMVS.LEIDENUNIV.NL>
Subject: re : USAAF 13 dec 1943

Jack wrote in USAAF 13 dec 1943 :
  200 B-26 bombed Schiphol.

Here some notes:

Schiphol Airfield, close to Amsterdam was opened in 1920 and was the
home of the KLM airlines.

In May 1940 the Dutch "1 Bomva" with 8 x Fokker T-5 bombers was
stationed on Schiphol and the Fokker Aircraft Factory was there.
These were heavely bombed by the Luftwaffe.

The months Juli,August,September the KG from the Luftwaffe used
Schiphol as base for the BoB.

Later on there were some special groups, with experimental aircraft ??

On 13 dec 1943 Schiphol was attacked by the USAAF , destroyed
and never used again by the Luftwaffe.
The people of Amsterdam told that some bombers flew on 5 m height
throug their streets to avoid the German flak.

Even these days, when they built something there, they have to
remove old unexploded bombs.

Here some questions:
What special groups were on Schiphol ?
Why was Schiphol so dangerous ? IMO not more or less then other airfields.
Why was Schiphol not repaired, other airfields were within a few
  houres operational again or was the attack so special.
  The opinion of a newspaper was that the other airfields were not so
  heavely attacked because the allies want to use them by themselves.??

Peter de Lange
MIMHCC@rulmvs.leidenuniv.nl

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 14 Dec 1993 08:17:33 EDT
From:    RICHARD KING <RKING@VUNET.VINU.EDU>
Subject: Addr: Shelby Stanton's World War II Order of Battle

I'm chiming in to say I also bought the book from Hamilton.
Seems to be an excellent reference. Hamilton is fantastic. They
also have a huge section of OP (out of print) military history
books, and I've shopped here gleefully. I make an order about
every two months for our library. It is a way to beef up the
library collection without paying the outrageous prices (from my
point of view, anyway) books seems to bring otherwise. I also got
a copy of THE TIMES ATLAS OF THE SECOND WORLD WAR very cheaply,
which is a good reference, and THE ALMANAC OF THE THIRD REICH, and
a WWII encyclopedia (name eludes me).
*********************************************************
Richard King, Reference Librarian, Vincennes (IN) Univ.
RKING@VUNET.VINU.EDU

------------------------------

Date:    Tue, 14 Dec 1993 08:30:02 -0500
From:    jem3@CC.BELLCORE.COM
Subject: USAAF 26-31 DEC 43

               COMBAT CHRONOLOGY OF THE US ARMY AIR FORCES
                          26 - 31 DECEMBER 1943
FTP SITES
  1. ftp.rutgers.edu in directory pub/wwii/usaf
  2. byrd.mu.wvnet.edu (129.71.32.152) in pub/history/military/airforce/
     wwii_chronology

AIRCRAFT MENTIONED IN THIS REPORT:
  A-20, Douglas Havoc
  A-24, Douglas Dauntless
  A-36, North American Apache
  B-17, Boeing Flying Fortress
  B-24, Consolidated Liberator
  B-25, North American Mitchell
  B-26, Martin Marauder
  Beaufighter, Bristol
  F-5, Lockheed Lightning
  P-38, Lockheed Lightning
  P-39, Bell Airacobra
  P-40, Curtiss
  P-47, Republic Thunderbolt
  P-51, North American Mustang
  Spitfire, Vickers Supermarine
  Ventura, Lockheed

SUNDAY, 26 DECEMBER 1943

CENTRAL PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Seventh Air Force): 16 B-24's, staging
through Tarawa Atoll in the Gilbert Islands, bomb Wotje Atoll in the Marshall
Islands. P-39's fly reconnaissance and strafing missions over Mille Atoll in
the Caroline Islands.
  The 19th Fighter Squadron, 318th Fighter Group, transfers from Stanley
Field to Kualoa Field, Territory of Hawaii with P-47's.

CHINA-BURMA-INDIA THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  CHINA (Fourteenth Air Force): The 76th Fighter Squadron, 23d Fighter
Group, transfers from Kweilin to Suichwan, China with P-40's.

MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  STRATEGIC OPERATIONS (Fifteenth Air Force): B-26's bomb marshalling yards
at Prato, Empoli, and Pistoia, Italy.

  TACTICAL OPERATIONS (Twelfth Air Force): Weather limits operations to
uneventful reconnaissance flights.
  The 415th Night Fighter Squadron, 64th Fighter Wing, transfers from Cantania,
Sicily to Montecorvino, Italy with Beaufighters. A detachment is operating from
Gaudo Airfield, Italy.

SOUTH PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Thirteenth Air Force): On Bougainville
Island in the Solomon Islands, 7 B-25's, with 34 fighters, attack the Cape
Saint George area; 25 B-25's pound the bivouac and supply area at Kahili.
Royal New Zealand Air Force (RNZAF) Ventura's on reconnaissance bomb Chivaroi
and Faisi Island.

SOUTHWEST PACIFIC THEATER OF OPERATIONS (Fifth Air Force): On New Britain
Island in the Bismarck Archipelago, the US 1st Marine Division lands at Cape
Gloucester at 0746 hours; 270+ B-25's. B-24's, and A-20's plaster the area
between the Cape and Borgen Bay from 0714 to l614 hours; enemy aircraft
attacking the landing force sink a destroyer and cause considerable damage
to other ships, but P-38's, P-40's, and P-47's claim 60+ airplanes shot down
over the invasion area.

MONDAY, 27 DECEMBER 1943

CHINA-BURMA-INDIA THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  CHINA (Fourteenth Air Force): In China, 10 P-40's strafe buildings on
Pailochi Airfield and sink a nearby river boat; 2 locomotives N of Yoyang are
also destroyed. 36 Japanese airplanes attack Suichwan Airfield, destroying 1
B-25, the alert shack, and 3 fuel dumps; US interceptors claim 4 of the
attackers shot down; 1 P-40 is lost. In French Indochina, 4 P-40's bomb Phu
Tho Airfield, and strafe the airfield at Dong Cuong.

EUROPEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  STRATEGIC OPERATIONS (Eighth Air Force): VIII Bomber Command Mission 165:
7 B-17's drop 1.392 million leaflets on Paris, Lille, Evreux, Rouen and Caen,
France at 1735-1812 hours; no losses.
  VIII Bomber Command Mission 166: 1 B-17 is dispatched to Quadrath (??) but
drops two 2,000 pound (907 kg) bombs and a Photoflash bomb on an unknown
target.

MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  STRATEGIC OPERATIONS (