Subject: WWII-L Digest - 12 Mar 1994 to 13 Mar 1994

From: Automatic digest processor <[email-masked]>
Date: Mon, 14 Mar 1994 00:00:18 -0500

There are 21 messages totalling 660 lines in this issue.

Topics of the day:

  1. HOME: Americans in concentration camps
  2. Moscow study trips
  3. Where can I find electronic maps? (especially of WWII)
  4. WEAP: Last "Kelly" Helmet (3)
  5. HIST: Berlin Document Center handover
  6. Black Units in AAF?
  7. HOME: Re: Rosey The Riveter
  8. MEDIA: "Rosey The Riveter"
  9. GEN: B-17 computer programme
 10. INF: Bibliography of German/Italian Internment
 11. WWII in film, etc.
 12. Soviet Armored Trains
 13. Von Paulus: General or Field Marshall? (3)
 14. HOME: Detention centers vs. Concentration camps (2)
 15. Military disrespect OR Academic freedom
 16. GEN: model decals

----------------------------------------------------------------------

Date:    Sat, 12 Mar 1994 12:02:56 -0500
From:    Stan Koper <[email-masked]>
Subject: Re: HOME: Americans in concentration camps

> Further to the difference between the internment of Japanese-Americans
> and not of German-Americans, I still see a radical difference in the
> populations. The eastern seaboard did not have large, unassimilated
> populations of German-Americans who (in the paranoia of the time) could
> have supported a German invasion. California had such a population in the

I don't know that that was the case.  Residential segregation by
nationality was a feature of many east coast urban centers.
There were also many people, including German-Americans, who
supported or were members of the German-American Bund.  Remember
Fritz Kuehn?  Not to mention our own home-grown fascisti.

> case of Japanese-Americans. Furthermore, there was no possibility that
> Germany could have mounted an invasion of the U.S. east coast (they
> couldn't even get their act together to cross the channel to invade
> England) while the Japanese army and navy seemed unstoppable in the
> winter of 1941-42 not only to the U.S. but also to themselves.

The real point, tho' is whether or not our own citizens of
Japanese descent would have aided and abetted such an invasion,
and whether absent any evidence that there were active saboteurs
among that population (including evidence from the FBI's own
surveillance), there was justification for doing so.

Also, remember that the forced internment/concentration did not
begin until March of 1942, four months after Pearl Harbor.
Granted that our people had sort of "missed" a Japanese Strike
Force, reading of Purple traffic would have indicated whether or
not an invasion force was on its way.  We sure got Midway and
Kiska sorted out, didn't we?

Besides, Hawaii was under a threat of invasion, and you didn't
see massive efforts to intern or deport to the mainland the
large numbers of Japanese-Americans.

I've read some of this stuff, Harry Kitano primarily, and
glanced at S. Dillon Ripley's book and a couple of others, so
I'm no expert.  But let's have sources and citations, and bring
this back to a discussion of history and what *really* went on.
>
> If you take note of U.S. military measures in December of 1941, you will
> note that they all have to do with the defense of California. That's
> where we sent Stilwell, and that's where we sent our only operational
> B-26 bomber group--not to the relief of the Philippines, for example.
>
> Regards -
>

Notwithstanding the paranoia, don't forget that the Japanese and
the Chinese before them had been subjected to various alien
exclusion laws, including ones which forbade Japanese immigrants
from becoming U.S. citizens.

Stan Koper
[email-masked]

      This message brought to you by uqwk 1.7 and Yarn 0.58

------------------------------

Date:    Sun, 13 Mar 1994 07:25:29 -0800
From:    Eric Fenster <[email-masked]>
Subject: Moscow study trips

I have previously mentioned here the opportunities to explore Russia's
political, economic and social situation on study trips to Moscow or to take
an intensive Russian language course there.

Several of the possibilities for this year are about to close, and if you
want detailed information you should contact me promptly.  They are:

"Fact-finding missions"
19 May-18 Jun (with credits from Eastern Michigan Univ. possible)
21 Jun-15 Jul (with credits from Minneapolis Community College)
28 Jul-23 Aug

Intensive Russian
27 May-02 Jul

All courses except the one sponsored by Minneapolis may be taken non-credit,
and all are open to any interested adult--not just traditional "students."
They can be very useful for journalists, businesspeople, etc.

Please write to me directly:   [email-masked]
not to the discussion list.

Thank you,
Eric FEnster

------------------------------

Date:    Sun, 13 Mar 1994 10:33:26 -0500
From:    Miguel Borges <[email-masked]>
Subject: Where can I find electronic maps? (especially of WWII)

Hi, I'm not a reader of this list, so please respond to me directly, not
to the list.

I'm about to begin teaching WWII to a high school class.  Does anyone
know where I can get electronic maps (gif, pcx, jpg, bmp formats) of WWII
Europe and Asia?  I'd like to get maps that illustrate Germany's
expansion, for example.
--

----------------------------------------------------------------------------
(carlos) Miguel Borges - [email-masked], [email-masked]

------------------------------

Date:    Sun, 13 Mar 1994 09:54:00 LCL
From:    SCHERRER TIM A <[email-masked]>
Subject: WEAP: Last "Kelly" Helmet

I'm not near my references now, but I believe the helmet just recently
replaced by the Kevlar helmet is the M-1 helmet.

>The World War 1 style of "soupbowl" helmet was used up to the start of
>WW2, as Im sure you all know, until the "pot" came into general issue.

>My question is....what was the official designation for this last issue
>of "kelly" helmet.  Was it M1940?  Or was it M1935 or something
>different..???

>Any helmet experts out there?

>Max C. Calderwood
>University of Southern Maine
>Gorham, ME
>[email-masked]

------------------------------

Date:    Sun, 13 Mar 1994 13:13:43 -0500
From:    Warren Thompson <[email-masked]>
Subject: HIST: Berlin Document Center handover

See the 14 March 94 issue of THE NEW YORKER Magazine for story on the impending
handover of the BDC to the Germans.

-- Warren Thompson

------------------------------

Date:    Sun, 13 Mar 1994 12:54:23 -0500
From:    GEORGE BAUER <[email-masked]>
Subject: Black Units in AAF?

I was told there were all Black units in the AAF flying B-25s in WWII.

Can anyone confirm this with names of units, theaters, etc.  And particularly
with references I can pursue in my library?

Thanks for the help.

  =========================================================================
  | DR.  GEORGE R. BAUER             | INTERESTS:                         |
  |                                  | Computers in Business & Education. |
  | Recently returned from my second | Education:  Curriculum development.|
  |   extended stay in Prague.       |    International Education, TEFL.  |
  |                                  | Central Europe:  Post revolution   |
  | Working on second book about     |    economic, social, political     |
  |   Prague and new Czech Republic. |    problems and opportunities.     |
  | E-Mail:                          | Free lance writing and editing.    |
  |   USA:  [email-masked]    | Stamp collecting.                  |
  =========================================================================

------------------------------

Date:    Sun, 13 Mar 1994 14:15:25 -0500
From:    "Sidney W. Kitchel" <[email-masked]>
Subject: HOME: Re: Rosey The Riveter

Chuck Weckesser writes:
|-> This post concerns the Home Front. As a junior high school child, I distinctly
|-> recall our history teacher (a male, BTW) showing us a war film called "Rosey The
|-> Riveter." (or something like that).

        I haven't seen this movie, but would like to.

|-> Does anyone else remember this film? I for one find it amazing how quickly the
|-> US Government reversed gears and fired women to make room for returning GI's (it
|-> was like slapping them in the face - after all, their war effort was
|-> invaluable).

        My mother was a Rosy at the Douglas bomber plant in Tulsa. She
worked first as a mechanic and then as an inspector. Don't be fooled
into thinking that everything was all happy and ERAish about women's
employment. They had trouble with acceptance by male employees and by
discimination by bosses. My mother became an inspector after a
dispute with Douglas. She like many other women were carrying a full
load but not being credited for doing so. She was performing all the
duties of an "A mechanic", but only being paid as a "B". In fact, no
woman during the war ever was recognized as an "A" at the plant. My
mother finally had had enough and said either pay me for what I'm
doing or I'll quit. Douglas never gave in, but my mother did not quit
because of the war needs. Rather, she became an inspector -- a job
in which women often could perform better than men.

                                                          --Sid
-- Sidney W. Kitchel        [email-masked], [email-masked]
Data Parallel Systems, Inc.  ============||  DPSI  ||===============
4617 E. Morningside Drive                             (812) 334-8100
Bloomington, Indiana,  47408  USA               FAX:  (812) 334-8121

------------------------------

Date:    Sun, 13 Mar 1994 16:06:50 -0500
From:    Daniel Ford <[email-masked]>
Subject: Re: WEAP: Last "Kelly" Helmet

On Sun, 13 Mar 1994, SCHERRER TIM A wrote:

> I'm not near my references now, but I believe the helmet just recently
> replaced by the Kevlar helmet is the M-1 helmet.
>
I think so too. When I was in the army in 1956-1957, just about every
item was labeled M-1 (or M1A1 or some such), leading me to believe that
the system came into use at the beginning or just before WWII. We had
an M-1 rifle (Garand), M-1 carbine, M1A1 pistol (I do believe it was
called), and all of these were WWII vintage. I suspect that if the
Springfield rifle had no M number, then neither did the soupbowl helmet
that preceded the tin pot of WWII-Vietnam eras.

Regards -

Dan Ford      <e-mail: [email-masked]>

              <postal: 433 Bay Road, Durham NH 03824 USA>
              <voice or fax: +1-603-868-5850>

------------------------------

Date:    Mon, 14 Mar 1994 08:25:47 AEST
From:    [email-masked]
Subject: Re: MEDIA: "Rosey The Riveter"

Chuck,

>This post concerns the Home Front. As a junior high school child, I distinctly
>recall our history teacher (a male, BTW) showing us a war film called "Rosey The
>Riveter." (or something like that).

        I definitely remember "Rosey The Riveter" from about 1981-82 time period.
I didn't see the movie, but remember my girlfriend going to see it at the theatre
here at uni. I'll see if I can dig up something about it, from my movie guide.

Wilber

+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|Wilber WILLIAMS                            [email-masked]      |
|Prentice Centre                            Telephone : +61 7 365 4232   |
|The University of Queensland               Facsimile : +61 7 365 4477   |
|Brisbane Qld 4072  AUSTRALIA                                            |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+

------------------------------

Date:    Mon, 14 Mar 1994 08:39:09 AEST
From:    [email-masked]
Subject: Re: GEN: B-17 computer programme

Jesse,

>Have any of you guys heard of a video game entitled "B-17, Flying Fortress"?
>Frank Donofrio, head of the Memphis Belle group in Memphis, sent to me a flyer
>which advertised it (guess he really knows how much I DO love the Fortress).
>The copyright on the computer game was 1993, so it is not antiquated.

I've got the manual right here in front of me. From the paragraph headed "Required
Equipment", it states -

"Computer: The simulation requires an IBM PC, AT, PS/2, or a computer 100%
compatible with one of those models. The computer must have a high-density
floppy-disk drive and a hard disk. The simulation will run on a 80286
microprocessor but an 80386 or better is recommended, with at least 640K or RAM.

"Controls: The simulation can be run entirely from the keyboard, or from a
joystick. Most sections also support mouse control.

"Display: The simulation requires a colour monitor with a VGA/MCGA graphics
system. If you are using a compatible graphics card/monitor, it must be 100%
compatible to one of the above.

"Disk Drives: 'Flying Fortress' must be installed onto a hard disk.

"DOS: You must have IBM PC-DOS or Microsoft MS-DOS version 3.0 or higher but DOS
version 5.0 is recommended.

"The simulation supports the following sound cards;

"IBM Sound: This option supports the internal speaker standard on most IBM and
compatible computers.

"AdLib/Soundblaster Sound: Only use this option if you have an AdLib/Soundblaster
or 100% compatible sound card installed in your computer.

"Roland MT-32 Sound: Only use this option if you have a Roland Mt-32 sound board
installed in your computer."

As you said, Jesse, it comes from MicroProse, copyright is 1992. But I cannot give
you any comments on that it looks like on the screen, or running it. I found the
manual left in an office I took over a while back. I've been searching for the
disks ever since!

Wilber.

+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|Wilber WILLIAMS                            [email-masked]      |
|Prentice Centre                            Telephone : +61 7 365 4232   |
|The University of Queensland               Facsimile : +61 7 365 4477   |
|Brisbane Qld 4072  AUSTRALIA                                            |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+

------------------------------

Date:    Sun, 13 Mar 1994 15:18:00 PST
From:    Stephen Fox <[email-masked]>
Subject: INF: Bibliography of German/Italian Internment

By request, here is a short bibliography re non-Japanese internment--U.S.,
G.B., Canada (with a few references to WWI)

If your mind is made up you can ignore this....

Baron, Lawrence.  "Haven from the Holocaust."  New York History  44 (January 1983

Burletson, Louise.  "The State, Internment and Public Criticism in the Second World War."  Immigrants & Minorities 11.3 (1992)

Carter, David J.  Behind Canadian Barbed Wire:  Alien, Refugee and Prisoner of War Camps in Canada, 1939-1946.  Calgary: Tumbleweed Press Ltd., 1980

Christgau, John.  'Enemies': World War II Internment.  Ames: Iowa State University Press, 1985

Davis, Gerald H.  "'Orgelsdorf': A World War I Internment Camp in America."  Yearbook of German-American Studies  26 (1991): 249-265

"Enemy Aliens?"  History Today 40 (1990)

Fox, Stephen.  The Unknown Internment: An Oral History of the Relocation of Italian Americans during World War II.  Boston:  Twayne Publishers, 1990

Gillman, Peter, and Leni Gillman.  Collar the Lot!  How Britain Interned and Expelled Its Wartime Refugees.  London: Quartet Books, 1980

Greenfield, Jerome.  "Wilhelm Reich:  TAlien EnemyU."  Journal of Orgonomy 16.1 (1982): 91-109

Gruber, Ruth.  Haven.  New York, 1983

Hammond, Ruth.  "Germans Sit Out War in Desert Dry Dock:  Nation's Internment Camps Established in Lincoln Country."  New Mexico Magazine 70.11 (1992): 86-91

"Internment Camp."  Arizona Highways 69.10 (1993)

Iseminger, Gordon L.  "'Hunhuskers,' 'Red Cross Roosters,' and 'Uncle Sam Whiskers':  The McIntosh County German-Russians in World War I."  Midwest Review14 (1992)

Iseminger, Gordon L.  "Are We Germans, or Russians, or Americans?  The McIntosh County German-Russians during World War I."  North Dakota History 59.2 (Spring 1990)

Koch, Eric.  Deemed Suspect:  A Wartime Blunder.  New York: Methuen, 1980

Kushner, Tony.  "Alien Internment in Britain During the Twentieth Century:  An Introduction."  Immigrants & Minorities 11.3 (1992)

Kushner, Tony.  "Clubland, Cricket Tests and Alien Internment, 1939-40."  Immigrants & Minorities 11.3 (1992)

Lowenstein, Sharon.  "A New Deal for Refugees:  The Promise and Reality of Oswego."  American Jewish History  71 (March 1982): 325-341

Mangione, Jerre.  An Ethnic at Large: A Memoir of America in the Thirties and Forties.  New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1978

Panayi, Panikos.  "An Intolerant Act by an Intolerant Society:  The Internment of Germans in Britain During the First World War."  Immigrants & Minorities 11.3 (1992)

Riedel, Walter E.  "Exiled in Canada: Literary and Related Forms of Cultural Life in the Internment Camps."  Yearbook of German-American Studies  24 (1989)

Robinson, Daniel.  "Planning for the 'Most Serious Contingency':  Alien Internment, Arbitrary Detention, and the Canadian State, 1938-1039."  Journal of Canadian Studies 28 (Summer 1993): 5-20

Spickard, Paul.  "InJustice Compounded: Amerasians and Non-Japanese Americans in World War II Concentration Camps."  Journal of American Ethnic History  5 (Spring 1986): 5-22

Sponza, Lucio.  "The British Government and the Internment of Italians."  Immigrants & Minorities 11.3 (1992)

Stent, Ronald.  A Bespattered Page:  The Internment of His Majesty's Most Loyal Enemy Aliens.  London: Andrew Deutsch, 1980

Strum, Harvey.  "Fort Ontarioo Refugee Shelter, 1944-1946."  American Jewish History  73 (June 1984): 398-421

Strum, Harvey.  "Jewish Internees in the American South, 1942-1945."  American Jewish Archives  42 (Fall/Winter 1990): 27-48

Van Valkenberg, Carol.  "An Alien Place:  The Fort Missoula Detention Camp, 1941-1944."  Thesis.  University of Montana

Vecoli, Rudolph.  "Immigration, Naturalization and the Constitution."  Studi Emigrazione 24 (March 1987): 75-100

"Wartime Relocation and Internment."  Suffolk Transnational Law Journal 13.1 (Fall 1989)

------------------------------

Date:    Sun, 13 Mar 1994 17:51:39 GMT-6
From:    Terry Moore <[email-masked]>
Subject: Re: WWII in film, etc.

Hello, Ann!

Bridge on the River Kwai was certainly one of the greatest movies
ever made IMHO. However, Beau Geste was not a WWII movie,
unfortunately, but a great one to view. Telly Sevales and Guy
Stockwell were the main actors in the remake.

Terry

Terry Moore, Professor of German and French, Amarillo College
P.O. Box 447, Amarillo, Texas 79178, voice 806-371-5077
fax 806-371-5370

------------------------------

Date:    Sun, 13 Mar 1994 17:54:45 GMT-6
From:    Terry Moore <[email-masked]>
Subject: Re: Soviet Armored Trains

Hello, Athol!

Glad to hear of your project. I have one book that was translated
from the German into English that deals with the German armored
trains. Will this be of interest?

If so, will get title and author.

Terry

Terry Moore, Professor of German and French, Amarillo College
P.O. Box 447, Amarillo, Texas 79178, voice 806-371-5077
fax 806-371-5370

------------------------------

Date:    Sun, 13 Mar 1994 18:08:49 GMT-6
From:    Terry Moore <[email-masked]>
Subject: Re: Von Paulus: General or Field Marshall?

Hello, John!

Can answer all your questions about GFM Friedrich Paulus.

> > >Also, what became of him? I do know that he was forced into making propaganda
> > >broadcasts for the Russians, but did they shoot him at the end of the war? If
> > >not, when and where did he die?

GFM Paulus died in 1957 in East Berlin. He was considered an outcast
by the Bundeswehr, former German soldiers of any repute, and was
intensely regarded as a Landesverraeter or a person who betrayed his
homeland. He was a tragic figure among the Germans who held his rank.
He also had a son who committed suicide in the 1980's.

> > I can't recall exactly his fate.  I think he died of natural
causes in the > > early 50s.

    See above. Yes, it was of natural causes, but also related to
stress.

> Snyder's "Encyclopedia of the Third Reich gives Paulus's dates as
> 1890-1957.
> It states; "After the war, Paulus joined the Nationalkomitee Freies
> Deutschland, a Soviet puppet organization. After his release from a
> Russian prison in 1953, he settled in the German Democratic Republic
> (DDR)

    Accurate, but East Berlin is where he resided and where he died.

> > This defeat was admitted, but only in roundabout terms; i.e. a gallant
> > defense of Stalingrad against overwhelming odds, etc.  When the 6th Army
> > finally surrendered in early 1943, most Germans knew that the war in the
> > east was not going well.

    After Stalingrad, the war was regarded as ultimately to be lost.

> > My books say only about 5,500 of the approximately 80,000 PWs returned to
> > Germany.

    91,000 soldiers surrendered at Stalingrad, 5008 returned after 13
years imprisonment in most cases, and during the siege 40,000 had
been flown out as being severely wounded.

    If I had time, I could tell you some most interesting stories of
people whom I have met who were there. For example, the chief of
staff of the 6th Army at the time, Generalleutnant Artur Schmidt,
Hauptmann a. D. Herbert Kuntz who flew supply sorties over the city
during the siege, and flew the second to the last aircraft out of the
besieged airfield before it was captured by the Russians, and so on.

I just recently was able to acquire a personally signed document
handsigned by GFM Paulus, which is a rarity, to say the least.

There is much more I could say to you about this fascinating subject,
and unless you have specific questions or want to know more, please
let me know.

GFM Paulus was also awarded the Oakleaf decoration to the Knight's
Cross, if this is of any interest. Both the promotion in rank and
decoration were politically motivated. Hitler had made the remark
that "no German field marshal had ever surrendered" and it was
thought that his promotion to that exalted rank would stiffen Paulus'
resolve to fight to the "last round". The decoration was a morale
booster, believe it or not.

Terry

Terry Moore, Professor of German and French, Amarillo College
P.O. Box 447, Amarillo, Texas 79178, voice 806-371-5077
fax 806-371-5370

------------------------------

Date:    Sun, 13 Mar 1994 19:02:27 -0600
From:    Lakeville Senior High <"0194lsh informns.k12.mn.us"@INFORMNS.K12.MN.US>
Subject: Re: Von Paulus: General or Field Marshall?

Terry, you pointed out that Stalingrad prisoners were held for 13 years.
This lead me back to a short speech I was asked to give last week
regarding treatment of PW's in German camps; of course you can find much
documentation on that, and (although considerably less) on German PW's in
America, but what I've not stumbled upon is documentation regarding German
PW's in Russian hands.  Suggestions?

Andy Charrier
Lakeville High School

------------------------------

Date:    Sun, 13 Mar 1994 20:16:12 -0600
From:    [email-masked]
Subject: Re: HOME: Detention centers vs. Concentration camps

Let's put it this way, Sid Kitchel:

     If you had to choose between being sent to a detention
/internment center or a concentration camp, which would you
choose?

Lou Coatney

------------------------------

Date:    Sun, 13 Mar 1994 20:27:24 -0600
From:    [email-masked]
Subject: Military disrespect OR Academic freedom

WAIT a minute, Chuck!  You mean an Academy faculty member who
  is a serving officer shouldn't be allowed to criticize our
  (current) amoral/idiot President?

What about academic freedom?

What about (the increasing number of) civilian members of
  academy faculties?  Because their paychecks are U.S. tax
  dollars, would you deny their academic freedom also?

Should faculty in state institutions be prohibited from
  criticizing their state governments' decisions and policies,
  in class or public?

(ad absurdum ... )

Or is it just leftwing/PC presidents, etc., who shouldn't be
  criticized?

'Looking forward to your response ... Chuck.

Lou Coatney

------------------------------

Date:    Sun, 13 Mar 1994 21:50:28 -0500
From:    Christopher Morton <[email-masked]>
Subject: Re: HOME: Detention centers vs. Concentration camps

>
> Let's put it this way, Sid Kitchel:
>
>      If you had to choose between being sent to a detention
> /internment center or a concentration camp, which would you
> choose?

Would you rather be shot with a machinegun or an automatic weapon?

------------------------------

Date:    Sun, 13 Mar 1994 21:51:55 -0500
From:    Christopher Morton <[email-masked]>
Subject: Re: Von Paulus: General or Field Marshall?

>
> Terry, you pointed out that Stalingrad prisoners were held for 13 years.
> This lead me back to a short speech I was asked to give last week
> regarding treatment of PW's in German camps; of course you can find much
> documentation on that, and (although considerably less) on German PW's in
> America, but what I've not stumbled upon is documentation regarding German
> PW's in Russian hands.  Suggestions?

Try looking for Italian sources.  I believe there have been several books
and films regarding Italian POWs in Russia.

I have a vague recollection of a book by an Italian army surgeon named
Capone.

------------------------------

Date:    Sun, 13 Mar 1994 21:54:39 -0500
From:    Christopher Morton <[email-masked]>
Subject: Re: WEAP: Last "Kelly" Helmet

>
> On Sun, 13 Mar 1994, SCHERRER TIM A wrote:
>
> > I'm not near my references now, but I believe the helmet just recently
> > replaced by the Kevlar helmet is the M-1 helmet.
> >
> I think so too. When I was in the army in 1956-1957, just about every
> item was labeled M-1 (or M1A1 or some such), leading me to believe that
> the system came into use at the beginning or just before WWII. We had
> an M-1 rifle (Garand), M-1 carbine, M1A1 pistol (I do believe it was

No, that should be M1911A1 pistol.  The next standard A pistol adopted was
the M9 Beretta of the 1980s.

------------------------------

Date:    Mon, 14 Mar 1994 14:15:04 AEST
From:    [email-masked]
Subject: Re: GEN: model decals

Joe, Sidney,

>       This has got to be the most absurd thing I have heard in a while!
>What I find more disgusting than the PC mentality is someone who knuckles
>under to the PC mentality.

>Interesting, if absurd, that Revell and most other mfrs. prefer not to
>supply decals with Nazi insignia.

As a modeller myself, I can only agree with you. It's totally rediculous!
For example, my Type XXI U-Boat was supplied with a German flag with a big
empty white circle in the middle! This is carrying "Political Correctness"
too far when it tries to alter the historical accuracy.

Wilber.

+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|Wilber WILLIAMS                            [email-masked]      |
|Prentice Centre                            Telephone : +61 7 365 4232   |
|The University of Queensland               Facsimile : +61 7 365 4477   |
|Brisbane Qld 4072  AUSTRALIA                                            |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+

------------------------------

End of WWII-L Digest - 12 Mar 1994 to 13 Mar 1994
*************************************************