Subject: WWII-L Digest - 2 Feb 1995 to 3 Feb 1995

From: Automatic digest processor <[email-masked]>
Date: Sat, 4 Feb 1995 00:01:47 -0500

There are 47 messages totalling 2304 lines in this issue.

Topics of the day:

  1. German Artillery Info
  2. GEN: ATTEMPTED JAPANESE COUP (3)
  3. Congressional Medal of Honor
  4. Peruvian Ecuadoran War (4)
  5. Invasion Casualties Japan (was Enola Gay)
  6. INF: 3rd Army Chronology - 03Feb45
  7. Westerly History (2 of 5): Pasquale Grocchia (2)
  8. Invasion Casualties Japan
  9. VJ Day
 10. ?from high school student JRM
 11. book reviews (and obscure Romanian steamers)
 12. Shame Of The Smithsonian
 13. Xerox Copy (3)
 14. Enola Gay Exhibit (2)
 15. ? native Americans during WWII
 16. Conference on Italy and America 1943-44
 17. Ghost storeis (was) Re: Farewell BBs
 18. Westerly 2 of 5 part 1--Pasquale Grocchia
 19. Westerly 2 of 5 part 2 (of three parts)
 20. Westerly 2 of 5 part 3 (Pasquale)
 21. INF: 50 Years Ago 03-FEB-1945
 22. MEDIA:Danes Thank US
 23. Japan/German Nukes (was: ATTEMPTED JAPANESE COUP)
 24. MEDIA:Brit Vet dies of WWII wounds
 25. MEDIA:Russian Medals Unawarded
 26. MEDIA:Nazi Papers Auction (2)
 27. Volunteer Reserve and Wireless Operators (fwd)
 28. ADMIN: Enola Gay Exhibit
 29. WANT: Map information
 30. Malmedy Massacre
 31. GEN: Lies and history
 32. Demographic Study of Kiev
 33. INF: 50 Years Ago - 04-FEB-1945
 34. [INF] USAAF 4 FEB 45
 35. [INF] 5 FEB 45
 36. [INF] USAAF 6 FEB 45
 37. CONGRESSIONAL MEDA

----------------------------------------------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 3 Feb 1995 04:43:00 UTC
From:    [email-masked]
Subject: Re: German Artillery Info

Jim O'Neil

Thanks for the info, I'll see if I can find the book. My encyclopedia is
very inconsistant on its method of giving information. If I can't find it
I'm sure I'll be back for more.

John Cantley

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 3 Feb 1995 00:18:11 -0500
From:    John Cropp <[email-masked]>
Subject: Re: GEN: ATTEMPTED JAPANESE COUP

On Thu, 2 Feb 1995, Steven Pudlo, Dept. Computer Svcs. wrote:
>
> The truth about WW-II/Pacific is not japan bashing no more than the
> truth about WW-II/Europe is germany bashing. True perception even
> today must see the bombs as necessary if many of us are to have fathers
> and grandfathers. And that the japanese culture has survived...
Gentlemen,
I recall reading that Japan had an atomic bomb project.  Is this true?
Does anyone know of any books or articles about this?  It would seem to me
that if true the moral high ground would up for grabs.  Unless, of course,
it was one of those peaceful atomic weopons.;-)
                           My best to all,
                           John Cropp

John L. Cropp                      *   "Quomodo manibus mortalis
[email-masked]      *    talia magna opera
11041 Fancher Rd.                  *    coquinaria?"
Westerville, OH 43082              *

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 3 Feb 1995 00:50:05 -0500
From:    David Rising <[email-masked]>
Subject: Re: Congressional Medal of Honor

On Thu, 2 Feb 1995, Charles Mattocks wrote:

> Hi, David!
>
> You are right it was easier to get the CMoH during the Civil War and following
> years.  A good couple of examples is: All 864 men of the 27th Maine Regiment,
> received the Medal of Honor for remaining briefly on garrison duty in
> Washington, D.C., after their one year enlistment expired. A second, the 29-man
> honor guard that accompanied Lincoln's coffin home for burial likewise received
> the medal.

Thanks Chip for the post. If I may just add, I recall reading that for
civil war service one could request after the war to be awarded the
medal for heroic deeds, and not even be required to prove what he had
done. I.e. "I did X, I deserve the MoH...  Ok, here it is." Cheers,
David Rising

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 3 Feb 1995 02:17:13 -0800
From:    Steve New <[email-masked]>
Subject: Re: Peruvian Ecuadoran War

You wrote:

>
>On Wed, 1 Feb 1995 11:14:49 -0600 Greg Kelley said:
>>Oh, wow, and here I thought no one else read about these obscure wars.
>
>I'm still trying to figure out what the Chaco war was & why wargamers
>seem so fond of talking about it (-:
>
>ken koester
>
>

The Gran Chaco war of 1932 was between Columbia and Paraguay.  They were
fighting for control of the Gran Chaco, a 300,000 square mile jungle
that to today has not been well explored.

The Paraguayan forces flew Fiat CR20bis, Pote 25s and Wibault 73 C1s.

The Columbians flew Curtis Wright Ospreys, Hawk IIs and Falcons as well
as Vickers Scouts.

Insects, animals and disease caused more casualties on both sides than
combat did.  We should have studied this campaign to prepare our forces
for WWII island operations.  (Mandatory WWII connection ;) )

In the treaty of Beunas Ares of 1938, Paraguay got 3/4 of the Gran
Chaco, and Columbia the other 1/4.

--

Steve L. New
[email-masked]
Just an armadillo on the shoulder of the information superhighway.

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 3 Feb 1995 06:56:00 EST
From:    mc killop <[email-masked]>
Subject: Re: Invasion Casualties Japan (was Enola Gay)

 >For what it's worth, I have been reading the Spaatz and Lemay papers at
 >the Library of Congress, and as late as August 1945 they were still
 >working up plans to speed production and improve performance of the B-29,
 >move 750 B-29s onto Okinawa under Jimmy Doolittle's 8th Air Force, get
 >some squadrons of RAF Lancasters onto Okinawa also,

Most of the RCAF bomber squadrons in No. 6 Group had rotated back
to the Maritime Provinces and were training with Lancaster Mk Xs
and were to be part of the RAF "Tiger Force" (I think that was the
name of the outfit) that was  to serve in the Pacific.
Fortunately, the war end before they moved to the Pacific.

 >adapt the B-29 to
 >carry 22,000 lb British Tall Boy bombs, and replace the 20th Air Force
 >air crews on a schedule going out to March 1946.
 >
 >                 - Dan    <[email-masked]>

-------------------------------------------------------------------
|  Jack McKillop              |  Those who have long enjoyed such |
|  Bellcore                   |  privileges as we enjoy forget in |
|  Piscataway, NJ USA         |  time that men have died to win   |
|  [email-masked]  |  them.                     FDR    |
-------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 3 Feb 1995 07:17:20 EST
From:    Alan Wild <[email-masked]>
Subject: INF: 3rd Army Chronology - 03Feb45

February 3, 1945
D-Day +242

-It was decided at a conference between Gen. Patton and four of his Corps
 commanders that the XII Corps would initiate an attack on the night of
 6-7 February aimed at Bitburg. VIII Corps would continue their drive
 toward Prum.

-III Corps, 6th Armored, 17th Airborne, and 6th Cavalry patrolled and
 maintained their positions.

-XX Corps 155mm artillery harassed enemy rear echelon. 94th Inf Div
 prepared for limited objective attacks.

-XIX TAC was limited by weather to 3 escort missions, which were uneventful.

-Captured enemy stores in Saarlautern provided general purpose items
 such as gaskets and seals, and plumbing parts unavailable otherwise.

***Source: _Patton's Third Army, A Chonology_ by Charles Province

Alan Wild, Sr. Prog/Analyst
ACC - Lippitt - URI
Kingston, RI  02881

American Legion, Post 102
I am the NRA.

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 3 Feb 1995 08:17:56 EST
From:    Ken Koester <[email-masked]>
Subject: Re: Westerly History (2 of 5): Pasquale Grocchia

On Thu, 2 Feb 1995 12:59:09 -0500 Cheryl Abdullah said:
>They then had demolition training at Ft. Belboar
>[ed.?], VA, where Pasquale got some shrapnel in his
>head, the only wound he would get during the war.

Undoubtedly Fort Belvoir, about 10 miles south of Alexandria VA.

ken koester

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 3 Feb 1995 08:34:41 -0500
From:    "Steven Pudlo, Dept. Computer Svcs." <[email-masked]>
Subject: Re: GEN: ATTEMPTED JAPANESE COUP

John Cropp asks:

.Gentlemen,
.I recall reading that Japan had an atomic bomb project.  Is this true?
.Does anyone know of any books or articles about this?  It would seem to me
.that if true the moral high ground would up for grabs.  Unless, of course,
.it was one of those peaceful atomic weopons.;-)
.                           My best to all,
.                           John Cropp

It has been my understanding that both germany and japan has abomb projects
in some stage of development during the war. Perhaps someone could provide
more definite info?

Inquireing minds are a terrible thing...Too waist :-)

                                                                Steve
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Steven E. Pudlo  - [email-masked] |"Life may be a drag...
STC Programmer/Analyst - (203) 885-2343  |    But it sure beats the
Three Rivers Community-Technical College |       only known alternative"
574 New London Turnpike                  |                     (S.E.P.)
Norwich, CT. U.S.A. 06360                |No one gets out of it alive..
-----------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 3 Feb 1995 10:25:07 CCS
From:    Jorge Merino <[email-masked]>
Subject: Re: Peruvian Ecuadoran War

> The Peruvian government bought 'a number' of Italian aircraft (Janes is
> Vague on number) which 'gave considerable trouble and the factory was
> mainly engaged on the repair and reconstruction of these aircraft.'

The types were mainly CA-135 trainers(??) and CA-310 Libeccio bombers.

> Peruvian miltary aircraft (1945)
> Fighters: Curtiss Falcon, Curtiss Hawk, Chance-Vought Corsair,
> North American NA-50 (whatever the NA 50 was.

The North American NA-50 was a small single seat fighter. Externally looked
like a miniature Texan (if memory serves). Apparently it wasn't produced
in large quantities, and I don't know of any other country but Peru that
had used it. I don't know if it had a USAAC designation.

> The P51 was the NA73, the B25 was the NA63
> and the Texan NA number isn't mentioned in Janes)

The Texan has many NA numbers, according to the model. I can't recall them
right now, but I will try to do it later. My sources are at home. I believe
the first Texan model was NA-48(??), and later models were NA-5x, NA-6x, etc.
Will have to check....

> Bombers: Fairey Gordon, Douglas 8A-3P (another What is it!!)

I believe it was Douglas DB-8A-3P. I've seen one of them, and it looks like
a Dauntless, but with different tail. Apparently, it was a ground based
development of the early Dauntless prototypes. A later gound based model,
used by the USAAF, was the A-24.

I hope somebody could check for more details on all these "obscure" planes.
Jack, do you have some info on them?

Jorge Merino

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 3 Feb 1995 10:30:23 CCS
From:    Jorge Merino <[email-masked]>
Subject: Re: Peruvian Ecuadoran War

> I'm still trying to figure out what the Chaco war was & why wargamers
> seem so fond of talking about it (-:

The Chaco War was between Bolivia and Paraguay. I don't remember the
dates, but I believe it occured in late 30s (1939??). I also believe
it started due to some territorial differences between both countries.

About weapons, I believe that Bolivia used Ju-53/3m as transports, and
Curtiss P-6 Hawk as fighters.

Now, back to the Peru vs Ecuador war of 1941, I remember that Peru
received a bunch of Curtiss P-36 Hawk by that time, but I'm not sure
if they arrived just in time to participate in the conflict.

Jorge Merino

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 3 Feb 1995 09:25:38 -0500
From:    Tim McFeely <[email-masked]>
Subject: Re: Invasion Casualties Japan

One of the sticking points in the acceptance of unconditional surrender by
the Japanese, was their occupation of the areas in Manchuria, mainland China,
and Korea. Between the need for expansion to help relieve some of the
pressure of a burgeoning population and the available resources these areas
could supply; there was considerable pressure within the Japanese hierarchy
to press on in the hopes of maintaining these conquests. The other big factor
concerned their pride - a powerful feeling in a badly wounded beast. Having
expanded the Japanese Empire to cover vast areas of the Pacific Ocean,
Micronesia, Southeast Asia, and mainland Asia; the Japanese people,
particularly the military, had demonstrated their power and spirit. They were
the conquerors, the almighty, etc. etc. After four years of war, this power
was in question. The Empire consisted of the remaining territory on the
Mainland and the Homeland. Conditional surrender was a way of saving 'face'.

This thread has argued about anticipated or projected causalities. 60,000 to
1,000,000. As far as I am concerned 1 was too many (bombs away), but I didn't
write this post to argue that point. My question is:

     Does any one know if the United States looked into or considered
      moving the thrust of its campaign onto the mainland?

It would seem to me that removal of the Japanese Army from the equation would
have benefited all sides. I know that we were ill-prepared for a campaign of
movement and armor over the steppes of Manchuria, with the forces we had in
the PTO. The Marines were very good at what they did; straight out frontal
amphibious assaults. They were not prepared or trained for maneuver warfare.
It would have required a massive logistics effort to move combat ready ETO
forces to the Pacific, but the ground work had already been laid down for
that in the planning for Operation CORONET. Russia also could have been a
factor, if they felt like it instead of their 'lets feed on the carcass'
attitude.

Answers? Discussion? Hate mail?

Tim McFeely
Ocean State FreeNet
[email-masked]

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 3 Feb 1995 09:29:39 -0500
From:    Tim McFeely <[email-masked]>
Subject: VJ Day

John Ausland wrote:

>  I will bring this to the attention of my contacts at the
>International Herald Tribune and CNN and hope others with media
>contacts will do the same.  As the anniversary of the Japanese
>surrender approaches, it is important that the public be aware of
>these events so as to understand that, despite Hiroshima, it is not to
>be excluded that the war would not have ended when it did.
>  Regards, John Ausland/Oslo Norway

VJ Day used to be a big party in the United States. A holiday. Now with the
guidance of the politically correct 'lets make everyone happy- the hell with
the truth' crowd, it is nothing more than another day on the calendar in most
states. Rhode Island and Massachussetts are the only two states in the U.S.
that still have a holiday celebrating VJ Day.

Huge fights have erupted concerning the sensitivities of Japanese citizens,
but so far we (Rhode Islanders and Massachussettsians) have resisted the
temptation to toe the political correctness line. I am afraid though, that as
the years pass and the survivors of the bloody campaigns in the Pacific move
on to a high plane, the will to fight by us remaining mortals will lose out
to the ever increasing crowds of PC appeasers.

The celebration serves as a time of rememberance. A rememberance of those
that gave their lives in pursuit of their duties while serving their country
in the Pacific Theater of Operations. It is not intended to be a bashing of
the Japanese culture or a message of superiority. This message seems to get
lost, every year. The Op-Ed pages fill up with some group or another decrying
every PC reason thinkable for stopping this celebration. All miss the real
reasons, several hundred thousand of them. All America's finest.

Aut vincere aut mori - either to conquer or to die

Tim McFeely
Ocean State FreeNet
[email-masked]

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 3 Feb 1995 09:38:41 -0500
From:    chris garcia <[email-masked]>
Subject: Re: ?from high school student JRM

On Tue, 31 Jan 1995, Margaret J. McCormick wrote:
I'm an amateur at these things, especially compared to many of the
historians here, so I hope you get a lot of replys from them as well.  I
will tell you what I know from reading.

>   If the first bomb was so destructive and awful, why did Japan not
> surrender and avoid being bombed again?
>
There is a lot of controversy about this, and the real reasons will never
be quite clear.  One account I read, after Hiroshima the american
government sent a message to Japan demanding surrender or else more bombs
would follow.  The Japanese government replied with a message that had to
be trnaslated from Japanese to english.  The key word was an ambiguous
word that could either be taken in context to mean "We will" or "We are
thinking about it."  Asian languages often have ambguities that are hard
for westerners to interpret.  For instance, in Korean the word "I" is
rarely used.  If you say you're going to the store, you don't say "I'M
going to the store."  Just "Store- now, going."   A Korean will know
intuitively who is going to the store, but a westerner might not.  So the
american government took the japanese message to mean they were
undecided, and maybe therefore needed another push.

>   Also, how was radar used during WWII?
Radar was a British invention, and was critical in the early years of
the war to england's defense against Germany.  The German Luftwaffe (Air
Force) underestimated the potential of radar and lost many planes to
British fighters who were able to intercept them efficiently.  Early
radar was crude and short ranged.  The Germans were pioneering radar
systems of their own but were behind the British.  Radar was used
exclusively for air defense at first, and then later became useful for
accurate guiding of anti-aircraft guns and rockets.  By the end of the
war the Germans had perfected radar guided anti-aircraft cannons that
played hell on allied bombers, especially at night.
    It is interesting that radar was in place on Hawaii the day that
Pearl Harbor was bombed by the Japanese.  In fact the radar systems saw
the huge groups of airplanes coming towards the island and frantic radar
operators called the air force bases and warned them, even when the
Japanese planes were still miles away from the island.  However, the
operators were only on the mountain top sunday morning because they were
new guys just practicing with the new invention, and no one took them
seriously.  The officers figured they had picked up a big flock of
birds, or a group of large AMERICAN bombers on the screen and were
overreacting.  Also american military officers were suspicious of radar,
because it was a british invention and not an american one.
>
> I would appreciate any information or opinions on why?  Thank you.
> JRM
Okay?

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 3 Feb 1995 10:00:36 EST
From:    Roger Coon <[email-masked]>
Subject: Re: book reviews (and obscure Romanian steamers)

Mike, post the piece about the Italian Army.  I am still learning where
Italy is concerned and have found a lot of my biases challenged and more
importantly, changed of late.
Brad Coon

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 3 Feb 1995 08:58:05 -0600
From:    Drew Halevy <[email-masked]>
Subject: Re: Shame Of The Smithsonian

I think that this entire debate is quite interesting, but there is one
small element that bothers me. When talking of the struggle, it is always
historians vs. the VFW and American Legion. What I want people to realize
is that not every historian buys into this revisionist vien of history,
and many of us younger (I am 30) to-be historian reject revisioninsm part
and parcel, as we reject political correctness. I study American history
because I enjoy it, because it is my heritage (I am an American, nothing
more, nothing less, no hyphens) and because I am proud of my country. I
am sorry if this wanders off from the main theme of the list, but I think
that it is important to state that not all historians are
revisionists-thanks for hearing me out-Drew

Drew Philip Halevy      |
Grad Student            | Go tell the Spartans, thou who passest by,
Department of History   | That here obedient to their laws we lie.
University of Arkansas  |    Simonides c. 556-468 b.c.
[email-masked]   |

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 3 Feb 1995 10:14:34 -0500
From:    QUACK <[email-masked]>
Subject: Xerox Copy

I have a copy,50 pages, of "Air-To_Air Combat in World War II: A Quantitative
History" by Joseph H. Reinburg November 1966. Its a Research Paper P-345.
"This paper is a brief impressionistic survey of tactical air warfare (par-
ticularly air-to-air combat) from its primitive beginnings in the First
World War through the one-sided air operations over Korea."
There are tables showing aircraft losses by type and they appear to be for
WW-2.
Anybody have an interest?

Ron

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 3 Feb 1995 07:30:57 -0800
From:    Jaimie Crafton <[email-masked]>
Subject: Re: Enola Gay Exhibit

It's interesting, the various comments and opinions on this matter.
I've been "lurking" in the background, enjoying the postings from the
group, but I feel I now have something to contribute on this subject.

My sister-in-law has been residing and working in Tokyo for about 2
years now and was in the "states" for the holidays.  She works in an
office almost exclusively Japanese and the A-bomb stamp and Enola Gay
exhibit have been quite the hot topics.  To make a long story short, at
least her japanese associates are of the opinion that they started it,
and we ended it the best way we knew how.  She has not heard any
animosity directed towards her or the U.S. regarding this.  Some of her
japanese friends even find all the controversy a bit odd.

She paid a visit to the city of Hiroshima to see the memorials and
museums concerning the bombing(s).  While she did encounter some mixed
feelings from a few of the "locals" in Hiroshima, the majority still
viewed it as a consequence of a war THEY STARTED! She did say it was
kind of eerie seeing that one particular building, that is in all the
photos, in person.

Anyway, just thought I'de report some "first hand" information.

Regards,

Jaimie Crafton

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 3 Feb 1995 10:09:33 -0600
From:    "Margaret J. McCormick" <[email-masked]>
Subject: ? native Americans during WWII

Could anyone recommend resources, or send a quick minimal account of the
service of Native Americans in the military services during WWII?

Thank you so much.
Tiffany Anderson - high school senior student
margaret                                [email-masked]

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 3 Feb 1995 11:21:31 EST
From:    "John Davis, History Department, UConn" <[email-masked]>
Subject: Conference on Italy and America 1943-44

                      ITALY AND AMERICA 1943-44:
         ITALIAN, AMERICAN AND ITALIAN-AMERICAN EXPERIENCES OF
                THE LIBERATION OF THE MEZZOGIORNO
                      April 21-23, 1995
                 Marriott Hotel - Farmington, CT

A three day international research conference to evaluate in
multi-disciplinary perspectives the political, social and
cultural significance of the Liberation of Southern Italy, 1943.
The program will explore the ways in which Southern Italy established
wider precedents for allied military and political objectives,
and will focus on the significance of the Liberation as a moment of
intense cultural creativity and exchange that shaped subsequent relations
between Italians and Americans and marked a decisive turning point in the
history of Italian Americans.

FRIDAY, 4/21/95

12:00 Registration
1:00 Opening Session
1:30-3:00 p.m. Keynote Speakers
Chair - Charles Delzell, Vanderbilt University
* Nicola Gallerano, University of Siena, Italy
  "The Liberation of the Mezzogiorno: A Research Agenda"
* Carlo D'Este, US Military Historian
  "The Italian Campaign: A Fifty Year Perspective"
* John Gatt-Rutter, La Trobe University, Australia
  "Naples 1944: Liberation and Literature"

3:15-4:45 p.m. Politics of the Liberation
Chair and Discussant - Zyg Baranski, University of Reading, UK
*Paolo De Marco, University of Naples, Italy
  "The Allied Military Government and the Trade Union
   Movement in Naples, 1943-45"
* Salvatore Lupo, University of Catania, Italy
  "The Allies and the Mafia"
* Filippo Mazzonis, University of Teramo, Italy
  "Religion and Politics of the Liberation in Southern Italy"

5:00-6:30 p.m. Italian American Experiences:A Round Table
Chair - Paolo Frascani, Istituto Universitario Orientale
* Gary Mormino, University of South Florida
  "The Liberation of Southern Italy: Italian American Perceptions"
* Richard Jones, University of Connecticut
  "The Italian American Experience of World War II in Connecticut"
7:00 Reception & Dinner
9:00 Evening Program - Film Session

SATURDAY, 4/22/95

8:15-10:15 The War in the Mezzogiorno
Chair and Discussant - Alexander De Grand, North Carolina State
  University
* Nino Recupero, University of Trieste, Italy
  "The War in Sicily"
* Paul Ginsborg, University of Florence, Italy
  "The Gullo Decree and Agrarian Reform in the Mezzogiorno"
* Leandra D'Antone, University of Rome, Italy
  "American Economic Planning in Southern Italy, 1943-44"
* Maria Teresa Di Paolo, University of Messina, Italy
  "The Allies and the Trade Unions in Sicily"

10:45-12:45 Human Experiences of War in the Mezzogiorno
Chair and Discussant, Margherita Repetto Alaia,
 Italian Cultural Institute, DC
* Ivan Tognarini, University of Siena, Italy
  "The Civilian Experience of War: Italy 1943-1945"
* Suzanne Branciforte, College of the Holy Cross
  "Memories of War in the Mezzogiorno 1943-44"
* Gabriella Gribaudi, University of Naples, Italy
  "Naples '44: Anthropological Perspectives"

12:45-2:00 Lunch

2:00-4:00 The Literature of the Liberation
Chair - Frank Rosengarten, CUNY
* Dante Della Terza, Harvard University
  "Echoes of the Resistance in the Multicultural Journals
   Mercurio and Aretusa"
* David Ward, Wellesley College
  "From North to South: Creativity and Resistance in
   Carlo Levi's L'Orologio"
* Nelson Moe, University of Michigan
  "Naples '44: A Cultural Crossroads"
Disscussant - Joseph Buttigieg, Notre Dame

4:30-6:00 Italy and America
Chair and Discussant, Alice Kelikian, Brandeis University
* Steven F. White, Mount Saint Mary's College
  "Liberal Antipodes: Contrasting Italian and American Liberal
   Philosophies of the Liberation"
* Michela Nacci, University of L'Aquila, Italy
  "The Liberation and Images of America in the Mezzogiorno"
* Ruth Ben-Ghiat, University of North Carolina
"Liberation: The Flight from the Past in Italian Cinema, 1943-47"

7:00 Dinner
9:00 Evening Program - Film Session

SUNDAY, 4/23/95

8:30 Bus to Trinity College, Cinestudio

9:00-10:15 The Liberation and the Italian Cinema
Chair and Discussant, Patrick Rumble, University of Wisconsin
* Valerio Caprara, Oriental University Institute, Italy
  "Naples, the Allies and the Cinema"
* Christopher Wagstaff, University of Reading,UK
  "The Representation of the Resistance and the Liberation in
   Post-War Italian Cinema"

10:30-11:45 The Liberation and the Italian Cinema
Chair and Discussant,  Manuela Gieri, University of Toronto
* Millicent Marcus, University of Texas
  "Liberating the Garden: Eden and the Fall from Paisa to Maccheroni"
* Jennifer Stone, University of Massachusetts
  "Europa '43-44: A Psychoanalytic Reading of Rossellini"

12:00-12:45 Finale -  Borden Painter

1:00-2:30 Lunch
2:00 JMIS Editorial Board Meeting
2:45 Transport to Train Station

Sponsored by the University of Connecticut Research Foundation,
College of Liberal Arts & Sciences, College of Fine Arts and the
Emiliana Pasca Noether Chair in Modern Italian History; the
National Endowment for the Humanities, the Barbieri Foundation
at Trinity College; the Istituto Universitario Orientale in Naples;
the Istituto per la Storia della Resistenza in Naples; the Istituto
Italiano per gli studi Filosofici in Naples; and the Aldo De Dominicis
Foundation.

For further information contact:

                  Emiliana Pasca Noether Chair
                    University of Connecticut
                       241 Glenbrook Road
                      Storrs, CT 06269-2103
                         (203) 486-2752
                   [email-masked]
NEH stipends are available for graduate students or junior faculty
wishing to attend.  Inquire at above address for details.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      A NEW JOURNAL FOR 1995

                JOURNAL OF MODERN ITALIAN STUDIES
                              EDITED BY
             JOHN A. DAVIS, UNIVERSITY OF CONNECTICUT
                               AND
               DAVID I. KERTZER, BROWN UNIVERSITY

     ROUTLEDGE, CHAPMAN, HALL PUBLISHERS IS  PLEASED TO ANNOUNCE THE
FOUNDING OF A  NEW SCHOLARLY JOURNAL, THE JOURNAL OF MODERN ITALIAN
STUDIES, DEVOTED TO ITALIAN HISTORY, POLITICS, ECONOMICS, CULTURE
AND SOCIETY.

     THE JOURNAL OF MODERN ITALIAN STUDIES IS DESIGNED TO STIMULATE THE
STUDY OF MODERN  ITALIAN SOCIETY AND TO MAKE THE BEST SCHOLARSHIP
ON ITALY AVAILABLE TO AN INERNATIONAL READERSHIP OF SPECIALISTS
AND INTERESTED NON-SPECIALISTS WORKING IN A VARIETY OF DISCIPLINES.

     THE JMIS WILL EXAMINE MODERN ITALIAN SOCIETY, CULTURE AND POLITICS,
RANGING FROM THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY TO TODAY.  THE WORK OF HISTORIANS,
POLITICAL SCIENTISTS, ANTHROPOLOGISTS, SOCIOLOGISTS AND ECONOMISTS
WILL BE FEATURED, ALONG WITH SPECIALISTS IN OTHER AREAS, SUCH AS
CULTURAL STUDIES, WHOSE WORK SHEDS LIGHT ON ITALIAN SOCIETY.

                             CONTENTS
                        PLANNED FOR VOLUME 1

The evolution of the history of women and sexuality in Italy,
     MICHELE DI GIORGIO
The English myth of the Risorgimento, Paul Ginsborg
Rethinking patronage in the light of Tangentopoli, David Moss
Urban Patricians & Bourgeois Society, Raffaele Romanelli
Antisemitism in Italy before the 1938 Racial Laws, Joel Blatt
Italian cinema, Peter Bondanella
Doing Italian History: Pleasure and Politics, H. Stuart Hughes
Regulating marriage in the nineteenth century papal states,
    MARGHERITA PELAJA
THE BANK OF ITALY AND ITALIAN ECONOMY, GIANNI TONIOLO
The Jews of nineteenth century Italy, Paolo Bernardini
The history of Italy, German style, Costanza D'Elia
Italian Alpine society - anthropological and historical perspectives,
    PIER PAOLO VIAZZO
Tangentopoli or the Democratization of Corruption, Donald Sassoon
THE  EW ITALIAN ELECTORAL SYSTEM, DIEGO GAMBETTA AND GEOFFREY WARNER
A Common Law of Nations, Giuseppe Mazzini's democratic nationality,
    NADIA URBINATI

PUBLICATION DETAILS

ISSN: 1354-571X, 3 issues per volume

Volume 1 is published in 1995/96 (15 month cycle)
The first issue will appear in Autumn, 1995

Subscription Rates for Volume One:

UK/EC          INDIVIDUAL:  25.00 POUNDS       INSTITUTION:  50.00 POUNDS
USA/CANADA     INDIVIDUAL: $38.00              INSTITUTION: $75.00
REST OF WORLD  INDIVIDUAL:  30.00 POUNDS       INSTITUTION:  60.00 POUNDS

FOR SUBSCRIPTION OR FREE SAMPLE COPY PLEASE CONTACT: TREVINA JOHNSON,
ROUTLEDGE SUBSCRIPTIONS, CHERITON HOUSE, ITPS LTD., NORTH WAY, ANDOVER,
SP10 5BE., UK; OR EMAIL [email-masked].

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 3 Feb 1995 11:41:29 -0500
From:    Cheryl Abdullah <[email-masked]>
Subject: Re: Westerly History (2 of 5): Pasquale Grocchia

> Undoubtedly Fort Belvoir, about 10 miles south of Alexandria VA.
> ken koester

Thanks, Ken--so noted.  List members, I promise to get this right by the
time I send out 5 of 5.  Apparently I overbooked a comm. program buffer or
something so the end of Pasquale's story got cut.  Rather than submit
excerpts, I will resubmit to this list the entire thing again in two parts.

Thank you for your patience.

Cheryl                                    [email-masked]

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 3 Feb 1995 10:50:29 -0500
From:    Cheryl Abdullah <[email-masked]>
Subject: Ghost storeis (was) Re: Farewell BBs

There is a book for kids by Daniel Cohen called _The Ghosts of War_
published in hc. by, I believe, Putnam.  This author writes high-interest
easy-reading materials hoping to reach kids who normally don't want to
read anything.  I think he had the admiral wife's tea party story in it.
Grade ranges for that book are about 3-6, but Cohen writes so well that
just about anyone would enjoy reading his stuff (in case anyone is looking
for gifts for kids).

Cheryl                                    [email-masked]

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 3 Feb 1995 12:04:26 -0500
From:    Cheryl Abdullah <[email-masked]>
Subject: Westerly 2 of 5 part 1--Pasquale Grocchia

Part one, with an aside to John Davis: It takes me a
day and a half to be able to see my own long post.
Not so for short ones.  I going to use David R.'s
suggestion to cc myself.

[email-masked]

-----------------

Narrator:  PASQUALE P. GROCCIA, World War II

Brief Biographical Background:
DOB:  April 14, 1922
POB:  Westerly, RI (Oak Street)
Post-military experience:  Cook (retired 1983)

Branch of Service:  Volunteer OSS and Ranger, Allied
Forces Unit
Special Awards (American):   Arrowhead patch; Bronze
Star; Good Conduct Medal; European and African ribbon;
Middle Eastern Service Medal
Special Awards (Italian):  Italian War Cross; Cross of
Merit

1

HIGHLIGHTS/ANECDOTES OF THE MILITARY EXPERIENCE:
Pasquale did not graduate from high school because
1938 was financially tough.  From age 16-18, he worked
for Greyhound Post houses.  He then worked on the NY-
New Haven-Hartford railroad at 45 cents an hour to
help support his parents.  When war broke out, he
badly wanted to go and "just made it" past the 5-foot
minimum height requirement.  He left Westerly for Ft.
Devens, MA, then Camp Breckenridge, KY, after being
given a "kitchen breakfast" send-off with other
Westerly boys by the local Elks club.  Basic training
at Camp Breckenridge included 5- to 25-mile hikes with
part of a mortar on his shoulder.  Pasquale was in
good condition, however, and he had moral support from
Westerly friends in the same camp--Paplas Posato,
George Sivetto (Pasquale's cousin), and Frankie
[Westerly qry.--a.k.a. "Slim"?] Algiere.  One time his
parents visited Kentucky bringing soup and Italian
food that Pasquale shared with the other Westerly
boys.  His parents, like many Westerly Italians, came
from Calabria in southern Italy.

2

     He initially trained to calibrate and shoot 81mm
mortars [see temp. endnote Groccia-1] , which required
some knowledge of mathematics.  Pasquale eventually
volunteered for jump training because there was an
opportunity for soldiers who could speak Italian to go
to Italy, which he wanted to do.  The men who
interviewed him for this special training were with an
OG (Operational Group).  They later became known as
the OSS  (Office of Strategic Services) under General
Donovan [see endnote Groccia-2], "the most decorated
soldier of WWI."

3

     Pasquale's OSS group had 120 men.  The OSS itself
was quite big--there were battalions, French and
Yugoslavian OGs, and OSS as far away as the South
Pacific.  During the war the OSS did not get much
publicity, but afterwards Hollywood made a movie
called _Philippine through Madelayne_, a cloak-and-
dagger story starring Alan Ladd.  Pasquale's first
stop as an OSS recruit was to the congressional
Country Club in Washington, DC.  "We started to take
training...and we had our first casualty there....[We]

4

had these stilettos that [just the weight of] could
penetrate your hand."  A man named Pope, upon turning
around, was accidentally pierced by such a stiletto.
Confidential training took place on presidential-
retreat grounds (perhaps Camp David) in Maryland.
They then had demolition training at Ft. Belvoir,
VA, where Pasquale got some shrapnel in his
head, the only wound he would get during the war.
After arriving overseas in 1943 on a large convoy,
Pasquale's OSS unit was not attached to any particular
division or army--"Anybody who wanted us, we had to
go....We did work for the British,...the 4th
Corp,...the French...."  His unit was prepared to do
work at a moment's notice.

5

     His first stop overseas was Oran, Algiers.  From
there he went via destroyer to Jacksville [ed: ?] on
the African side of Corsica for his first mission.  He
and 29 other OSS men met with French Moroccans who
wore the hoods and capes of the French-African foreign
legion.  Together they worked to get the Germans out
of northern Corsica.  The Germans had 8,000
(number to be queried: see endnote) battalions
in Corsica.  Many of the Italians gave themselves up
and joined the Allies.  Pasquale's group made their
way through Corsica toward Bastia, the biggest German
port [ed: on Corsica? in the Mediterranean?].  There
were usually several casualties whenever the men went
behind German lines to blow up tanks, bridges,
ammunition dumps, etc. because the Germans were well
entrenched among mountains.  The Germans, who never
intended to stay in Corsica, finally left one night.
Pasquale could see their warships, submarines, and E-
boats in the port.  "One morning and nobody was there.
They were all gone."  Pasquale noted that the E-boats
were made of steel while American PT boats were made
of plywood.  His unit took enough supplies for a 30-
day stay on Corsica, but actually stayed for 45 days
as it was difficult to oust the Germans.

6

     By the time other military groups landed on
Corsica, Pasquale left on a PT boat with five other
OSS men to the hilly island of Caprior [prob. Capraia]
to do observation work.  If they saw a German ship,
they radioed Bastia so an American ship could go forth
to encounter the Germans.  There were a few French
natives on Capraia who once "covered for" the OSS when
a German E-boat came to the island.  "We radio for
[Bastia] because an E-boat was in the port and they
came and caught them in the port and torpedoed them
and that took care of that boat."  After two weeks
enduring C-rations, which Pasquale compared to
"stones," he left Capraia for Corsica and then for
Siena, Italy along with 129 other OSS men via a Navy
landing craft.

7

     At this time, the summer of 1944, the front lines
were in Bologna and the Allies were stopped.  The 4th
Corp, 5th Army called for help from the OSS because
they wanted to know what the Germans had in a small
town just below Bologna.  On or around November 26,
1944, Pasquale went with seven others to "no-man's
land."  He was lagging behind when the others in the
group, including a Lieutenant Schneider, got trapped
by a German patrol. "I went around and I fired at
them, which I killed seven, and there was just two
left that we took prisoners."  There was no radio
communication.  The only way his group could tell the
4th Corp what they learned was to walk back with only
their water and ammunition.  Later,  in Mayo, Italy,
Pasquale received the Bronze Star for his action.  He
attributes the fortune of his having lagged behind to
God.  "It has got to be God....I saved all of them."

8

     Soon afterwards  he and two partisans undertook a
mission to blow up a bridge with demolition G-2 [prob.
C-2], a plastic explosive.  "In Italy, all your
bridges have one stone and it is the last stone put in
there, in the middle of the bridge and you pull it
out, it is not cemented in.  We put our demolition in
and the time fuse in there and the cap and we left."
Pasquale credits the anti-Mussolini Italian partisans
for doing tremendous work.  "They would ambush German
soldiers, they would blow up ammo dumps, anything that
they could do to hurt the Germans, they would do."

(more forthcoming in a second message)

Note re: "8,000 battalions"--probably too many, I'll query Pasquale
about his source (he was reading facts from a pamphlet during
the interview--this number included Italians who I think were
forced to fight, perhaps he meant throughout all of Italy).

Cheryl                                    [email-masked]

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 3 Feb 1995 12:23:24 -0500
From:    Cheryl Abdullah <[email-masked]>
Subject: Westerly 2 of 5 part 2 (of three parts)

Part two.

Thanks again for your patience and your comments.

Cheryl Abdullah
[email-masked]
------------
9

     His last mission was on March 25, 1945, jumping
into Lavinia, a small northern town three kilometers
from Switzerland.  "Myself and this Carmel Cooley, we
used to call him Julia.  He came from MA.  He is dead
now and may his soul rest in peace now.  We jumped
there and we met the other parts of our groups and we
organized partisans....We stopped all communication of
any Germans coming from New Brenna [prob. Brenner] or
Silvia [prob. Servia] Pass...."  While in Italy,
Pasquale saw Mussolini's body hanging by the feet
after the execution in Milan.  His ability to speak
Italian was a constant help.  "It would have been hard
for us to get by because we relied on the Italians.
They were a big help to us in feeding us too.  I hate
to say this but the Italian women would get the
equipment drops, and the planes would go over and drop
the stuff and half of it would go to them and the
other half [because of the wind] would go to the
Germans."

10

     The Germans often had advantageous positions in
the mountains of Italy, the main reason behind the
Allied effort to cut communications.  "We cut the
Germans off completely that they couldn't get help
from the north to come down to the southern part of
Italy [via the Servia or Brenner Pass] where Bologna
is....that was our mission."  There were frequent
drops of small groups of OSS, and each group had a
radio operator who relayed information using code.
"We never expected to ever come back alive....I never
carried a dog tag with me."  (The OSS were excused
from wearing dog tags to prevent identification.
Also, a man like Pasquale could more easily change
clothes and quickly blend in with the locals.)  From
March until the end of the war in May, 1945,
Pasquale's group organized for a drive that never
happened because the Germans surrendered.

11

     Pasquale remembered the 15-man Gimny [ed.?]
mission, an attempt to blow up guns that were blowing
up American ships along the coast line near La Spezia:
"These guns, big cannons, would come out of the
mountains on rails and blow up our ships...in the
Mediterranean,...evidently information leaked out and
the Germans were waiting....Fifteen men [were
captured], and then we heard axis Sally on radio but
she says that 13 enlisted men and two officers were
annihilated after a short struggle.  That's what she
said,...but the order came...from Hitler himself to
execute them."  The officer involved in the execution
of the men was General Dostler.  The bodies of these
men, shot in the head, were later found because two
captured Germans and many Italian people testified
against Dostler.

12

     After the war ended, Pasquale left northern Italy
for headquarters in Siena, where he stayed for a month
before going on to Naples.  "From Naples, I was on the
back of a truck and these sailors were walking and
this guy yelled out, 'Pat, I'll see you on the boat'
and it was Armando Capalbo ["Cappy" from Howe Street
in Westerly]....We were only eating one meal a day
coming back [on the boat] and then after the fourth or
fifth day, he found me....I came home on [Cappy's]
boat....That was very good because going to Europe and
Africa I met Louie Cimalore in Algiers.  They used to
have the bakery shop on Railroad Avenue....I met him
[going over] and at the end I met Capalbo."

13

     While most of Westerly's boys went to Europe, the
90th Infantry Division (the one Pasquale originally
trained on mortars for) ended up in the South Pacific.
After returning from Italy, Pasquale volunteered to
fight in the South Pacific.  He waited in Washington
state to go there, but the war ended and he was
discharged in October, 1945.
     After the war, Pasquale applied for a job at
Quonset Point.  "They told me that they were looking
for riggers to pack suits.  If someone is not sure
that chute is right, you have to take it up and jump
out of it.  I said, 'No thanks, I've jumped enough in
my life.'"  He returned to Italy in 1947 to marry a
girl he met and got engaged to while in Siena.  He
married her on 10/25/47 and brought her back to
Westerly on 12/23/47.  Five years later he "called
for" her mother and father as she was an only child.
He worked as a cook at Joe's Diner in Groton and,
later, the Colonial Restaurant, formerly known as the
State Line Lunch, next to the Pawcatuck Bridge (near
Besso's Newsstand).  He retired as a cook from the
J.C. Penney restaurant at the mall in 1983.
     His American unit has an annual reunion.  At the
time of this interview, he was eagerly anticipating
going to Italy in October, 1994, for 50th-reunion
ceremonies in Italy.  The OSS and OGs were scheduled
to have a meeting with representatives of the Italian
government.  "I'm going.  I can't wait," said
Pasquale.

Audio tape interview:   31 January 1994
Interviewer:          Julia B. Kerr
Written History Editor: Cheryl Abdullah
[email-masked]

(part 3 continues on a subsequent message)

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 3 Feb 1995 12:26:53 -0500
From:    Cheryl Abdullah <[email-masked]>
Subject: Westerly 2 of 5 part 3 (Pasquale)

Part 3.  This is God's punishment for thinking I could
get away with exceeding the 1.5-page limit I was
ordered to use.

[email-masked]
-------------------------

14

ENDNOTES

Groccia-1:
The following is Pasquale's recollection of working
with a mortar: "A mortar shell is like a little small
missile.  You have a base plate, you have a tripod
[ed. qry.: bipod], and you have a barrel which, you
would elevate it at the distance that you wanted that
shell to go....[You] had the first gunner, the second
gunner, and the third....There were three men to a
mortar."  He then described the 81mm mortar's firing
mechanism as follows: "Well, it was like an explosive
on the bottom.  You shoot a gun and it has a trigger
and the trigger detonates, your shell has the same
thing, it hits and then it goes off into the air.  It
propels itself....[An 81mm shell] is pretty big.  You
had the 88mm [sic--query] mortars and you had the 60mm
mortars."
        The following description of an 81mm mortar is
by Jon Perkins of Ottawa, Canada (WWII-L):  "A mortar
is quite simple in concept: It incorporates a
smoothbore metal tube (i.e., not rifled like a gun)
closed at one end to form a barrel.  This barrel is
mounted on a square or circular base plate, which
rests on the ground.  The barrel of the mortar is
elevated by means of a bipod mount attached midway up
the barrel (two legs, splayed in a reverse "V").  The
bipod allowed the mortar gunner to adjust the range by
lowering the muzzle of the barrel up and down, and to
move the barrel left-right to some degree.  The whole
system is relatively simple and crude.  Attached to
the barrel or bipod is usually a small telescopic
sight, which allowed the gunner to sight on nearby
ranging sticks to be sure of the range and direction
in which he was firing.

15

     "The mortar projectile is a tear-drop shaped bomb
with fins on the narrower end to give it some
stability in flight.  The tail of the mortar bomb also
contains a propellant cartridge, sometimes with
boosting charges added to the bomb's tail fins if
extra range was needed.  The mortar was fired by
simply dropping the bomb tail-first into the tube.
The mortar bomb slid down the tube until the cartridge
in its tail struck a fixed firing pin in the bottom of
the tube.  This set off the propellant charge(s),
generating gas that blew the bomb out the tube and
toward its target.  For small mortars in which the
bomb wasn't heavy enough to set off the propellant
cartridge by simply sliding down the tube, a trigger
of sorts was used to trip a striker mechanism at the
bottom of the tube.  This had the same effect as the
trigger, sear, and firing pin/striker on any firearm--
as alluded to by Pasquale--in that it detonated the
propellant charge and sent the bomb/projectile on its
way.  The 81mm mortar Pasquale refers to used the
fixed firing pin method exclusively, however.

16

     "A mortar crew was usually composed of 3 to 4
men.  One was the gunner (the number 1), another the
loader (the number 2), and additional assistants were
similarly numbered.  The gunner adjusted the mortar
for elevation and direction, verified this through the
sights, and then gave the order for the loader to drop
the bomb down the tube.  If you see pictures of a
mortar in action, the loader pauses with the bomb at
the muzzle of the mortar, then drops it and quickly
turns away to plug his ears and avoid the gases that
were ejected from the barrel on firing.  There was a
perceptible lag between dropping the bomb down the
barrel and the weapon firing, allowing people to get
out of the way.  After firing, the mortar bomb flew a
simple parabolic trajectory to its target, which could
be as close as a few hundred yards or as far away as
3200 yards depending upon the mortar's elevation and
the propellant charge used.  Mortars weren't designed
to be very accurate--they were intended simply to drop
their bombs into a general area.

(Query for Pasquale: Were there 3 or 7 men on the type
of mortar crew he trained on?  As the war went on,
number on mortar crew apparently dropped.)

17

Groccia-2:
[Ed Qry: General Donovan or Colonel Donovan?  Did he
get promoted to Gen. during WWII?]
The following description of Donovan and the OSS is
from page 215 of _The World at Arms: The Reader's
Digest Illustrated History of World War II_ (London,
1989).  "The United States had virtually no non-
military intelligence service apart from Hoover's
special group--though the FBI zealously guarded US
internal security.  Roosevelt filled the gap in 1942
when he appointed Colonel William ('Wild Bill') J.
Donovan to set up the Office of Strategic Services
(OSS).  Donovan, a World War I hero and millionaire
lawyer, had many international contacts.  He had
supplied Britain's SIS [Secret Intelligence Service]
with astute assessments and forecasts of Italy's role
in Ethiopia in the 1930s, and among his contacts was
William Stephenson, Britain's intelligence chief in
America.  Stephenson provided Donovan with the
professional know-how to set up OSS, which became an
information-gathering and sabotage organisation.  The
new agency was welcomed and aided by SIS, Menzies
[Stewart Menzies, Scottish wartime head of the SIS]
hoping to gain some influence over its operations in
Europe.  But OSS soon outgrew any foreign help.  Its
teams swarmed over Europe and North Africa.  By the
end of the war Allen Dulles, its chief in Switzerland,
was running a powerful network which had relations
with anti-Hitler Germans and with serving officers
hoping to make the best possible deal when the
inevitable defeat arrived.  OSS was closed after the
war, but resurrected during the 'cold war' as the
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)."

Cheryl                                    [email-masked]

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 3 Feb 1995 12:45:52 EST
From:    Mike Long <[email-masked]>
Subject: Re: INF: 50 Years Ago 03-FEB-1945

Western Front - In the U.S. Ist Army sector, elements of the 78th Division
swim the flooded Roer River  ?????????  SWIM ??????

In Feb??? Whoa that must've been quite a wakeup. And I have a tough time
dipping the ice out of the dog's dish BRRRRRRRR.

Were they issued any special equipment for this assault?
Mike

Michael Long
Programmer Analyst II
University of Connecticut
196 Auditorium Road, U-138    |   Bitnet: [email-masked]
Storrs, Connecticut, USA      | Internet: [email-masked]
                   06269-3138 |    Phone: (203) 486-1352

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 3 Feb 1995 13:29:30 -0500
From:    James E Irwin <[email-masked]>
Subject: MEDIA:Danes Thank US

>From the DoD Newswire 2 February 1995

:DANISH VETS THANK U.S. PILOTS

   COPENHAGEN, Denmark  -- Danish World War II veterans are
planning to raise a stone at Arlington National Cemetery in
Washington to thank U.S. pilots for helping liberate Denmark 50
years ago.
   Denmark's Prince Joachim, the second son of Queen Margrethe, will
unveil the monument during a ceremony May 11, Helsingor Dagblad, a
daily newspaper, reported Wednesday.
   Denmark's defense minister, Hans Haekkerup, will also
participate.
   The stone, which contains a plaque thanking the pilots, is made
from granite taken from the shores of Snekkersten, 22 miles north of
Copenhagen. It was from Snekkersten that many U.S. pilots downed by
the Nazis were smuggled to safety in neutral Sweden.
   Arlington is the cemetery just outside Washington, D.C., where
the bodies of U.S. soldiers and leaders, including late President
John F. Kennedy, are buried.
   Denmark's memorial will stand some 100 yards from the memorial to
the Unknown Soldiers, the paper said.
   Allied troops entered Denmark on May 5, 1945, the day after the
announcement that German troops had surrendered.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 James E. Irwin (Jim)                  Internet address:
 Defense Personnel Support Center        [email-masked]
 2800 S. 20th Street                   215-737-3678
 Philadelphia PA  19101-8419           Autovon 444-3678

                     "Never in the field of human conflict
                     was so much owed by so many to so few."
                               Winston S. Churchill
----------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 3 Feb 1995 13:29:47 -0500
From:    David Rising <[email-masked]>
Subject: Japan/German Nukes (was: ATTEMPTED JAPANESE COUP)

On Fri, 3 Feb 1995, Steven Pudlo, Dept. Computer Svcs. wrote:

> It has been my understanding that both germany and japan has abomb projects
> in some stage of development during the war. Perhaps someone could provide
> more definite info?

I don't know about the German project, but the evidence (post-war) showed
that the Japanese were pursuing the wrong path (i.e. making a bomb that
would never work). Perhaps someone else could fill us in on the details.
I don't remember if it was on Milhst-l or here, but this was discussed
about 1/2 yr ago. BTW, Japan does have a nuclear program now which has
produced warheads _and_ missiles which are arguably superior to the
American and Soviet (Russian) ones. Everyone knows that the real
difficulty of developing a nuclear threat is developing a delivery system
(I mean, threat to North America). Japan has developed satellite
launching missiles which could _easily_ be converted to launch nuclear
weapons. I'm not suggesting that the Japanese have any designs on bombing
N America (or anywhere else), just thought y'all would be interested in
this little-reported story. Sorry Joe, enough non-wwii babble. If anyone
wants a copy of a short piece I wrote on this, e-mail me @ [email-masked]
Cheers,
David Rising

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 3 Feb 1995 13:52:52 -0500
From:    James E Irwin <[email-masked]>
Subject: MEDIA:Brit Vet dies of WWII wounds

>From the DoD Newswire 3 February 1995

RIP

:BRITON DIES FROM WAR INJURIES 50 YEARS LATER

    LONDON, Feb 2  - A British veteran of World War Two died
last Christmas from injuries he suffered 50 years ago, a coroner's
court ruled on Thursday.
     Captain Leslie Farmiloe, 79, of Petersfield, southern England,
was wounded by fragments from ammunition boxes when a German shell
exploded near him during the siege of Tobruk in North Africa in 1942.
     He survived the attack but shrapnel in his body from the boxes
contained asbestos which killed him a half century later.
     Coroner James Kenroy recorded a verdict of "death by enemy action
while on active service."

----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 James E. Irwin (Jim)                  Internet address:
 Defense Personnel Support Center        [email-masked]
 2800 S. 20th Street                   215-737-3678
 Philadelphia PA  19101-8419           Autovon 444-3678

                     "Never in the field of human conflict
                     was so much owed by so many to so few."
                               Winston S. Churchill
----------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 3 Feb 1995 13:55:40 -0500
From:    James E Irwin <[email-masked]>
Subject: MEDIA:Russian Medals Unawarded

>From the DoD Newswire 3 February 1995

:RUSSIA HOLDING WWII MEDALS

   MOSCOW  -- More than 1 million medals from World War II
remain locked up at the Defense Ministry, waiting for the Soviet
soldiers who earned them in battles that ended 50 years ago, a
newspaper reported Thursday.
   The search for the soldiers or their survivors has been difficult
because more than 20 million Soviet citizens died or disappeared in
the war.
   In addition, after the war Soviet army units were reshuffled,
soldiers were discharged and many relocated to areas far from their
original homes. Most veterans of the war are at least 70 years old.
   "The cards with the names of the people who have not received
them are stored in the Defense Ministry archives, the medals in
their boxes are still in the Personnel Directorate safes," the
Izvestia newspaper reported.
   Lack of money and the sheer size of the task has slowed the
search, the report said. Just to send letters looking for 100,000
people, one organization needed 250 million rubles, about $62,500 at
current exchange rates.
   "When I came to work in the Awards Department in 1988, we had
more than 3 million awards here," Col. Gen. Valentin Yakovlev told
the newspaper. "We have done a lot to find their addressees, but I
do not know how to find the remaining ones."

----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 James E. Irwin (Jim)                  Internet address:
 Defense Personnel Support Center        [email-masked]
 2800 S. 20th Street                   215-737-3678
 Philadelphia PA  19101-8419           Autovon 444-3678

                     "Never in the field of human conflict
                     was so much owed by so many to so few."
                               Winston S. Churchill
----------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 3 Feb 1995 13:57:15 -0500
From:    James E Irwin <[email-masked]>
Subject: MEDIA:Nazi Papers Auction

>From the DoD Newswire 3 February 1995

:NAZI PAPERS WITHDRAWN FROM AUCTION AFTER OUTCRY

    LONDON, Feb 2  - Nazi papers from the extermination camp
Bergen-Belsen, one of which bears the signature of Adolf Hitler, were
withdrawn from an auction on Thursday after public protests that the
timing was tasteless.
     The auction, which was to take place next week, was announced
just after last Friday's 50th anniversary of the liberation of the
Nazi death camp Auschwitz. About six million Jews were murdered in
Nazi concentration camps in World War Two.
     "I contacted the vendor and we agreed that the items would be
removed from the sale," said Trevor Vennett-Smith, the owner of
Vennett-Smith auction house in Gotham, central England.
     Vennett-Smith said the auction of the documents, which also
included signatures of Nazi propaganda minister Josef Goebbels and the
"Butcher of Belsen," camp commander Josef Kramer, would be
inappropriate.
     "We are not in the business of upsetting anybody," he said.
     Among those disturbed by the auction plans was the chairman of
nearby Nottingham's Progressive Synagogue, Barry Peters.
     "With the anniversary just over, it was distinctly insensitive if
not cynical to offer the documents at an open auction," he said.
     Councillor Brandon Bravo said he wanted the lots withdrawn for
fear the sale would attract neo-Nazi supporters.
     "People should not be seen to make money out of what was the
biggest nightmare and tragedy in world history," he said.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 James E. Irwin (Jim)                  Internet address:
 Defense Personnel Support Center        [email-masked]
 2800 S. 20th Street                   215-737-3678
 Philadelphia PA  19101-8419           Autovon 444-3678

                     "Never in the field of human conflict
                     was so much owed by so many to so few."
                               Winston S. Churchill
----------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 3 Feb 1995 19:03:04 +0000
From:    Gudmundur Helgason <[email-masked]>
Subject: Re: Xerox Copy

Yeah, I would be interested, in which format would you send it out,
e-mail or on paper?

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gudmundur J. Helgason                              e-mail: [email-masked]
Olduslod 41                                              phone: (354)-5655270
220 Hafnarfjordur                                               (354)-5652270
ICELAND                                             Maintainer of ICELAND.FAQ
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
>
> I have a copy,50 pages, of "Air-To_Air Combat in World War II: A Quantitative
> History" by Joseph H. Reinburg November 1966. Its a Research Paper P-345.
> "This paper is a brief impressionistic survey of tactical air warfare (par-
> ticularly air-to-air combat) from its primitive beginnings in the First
> World War through the one-sided air operations over Korea."
> There are tables showing aircraft losses by type and they appear to be for
> WW-2.
> Anybody have an interest?
>
> Ron
>

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 3 Feb 1995 14:06:00 EST
From:    "Cassady B. Craft" <[email-masked]>
Subject: Volunteer Reserve and Wireless Operators (fwd)

Hello everyone.  I've got a really good one for you.  This is from a
British friend of mine.  He would like any information that we may have
on the list about what his grandfather may have been (secretly) doing
after being discharged from the RAF.  Any ideas?  I will post any responses
on to Chris.  Also, is the wilde sau speculation in the right time period?
Don't know if gramps actually saw a single engine fighter, or if it could
have been a -110 or -88 etc.  I will try to confirm this from Chris.
Thanks in advance!
  --------------------------Original message----------------------------
Cass, Maybe you could post this to your list and see if you can help me
The story about the sicily invasion suggested it to me. I think I've
told you about my grandad (also you heard the taped interview). Did I mention
the "big secret"? Despite the fact that he's told me every last detail about
his operational flying etc he will not tell me what he did after he was
 officially discharged from the RAF in early '43. (Taking refuge in the
official secrets act....most uncharacteristic!)
I know it had something to do with his wireless knowledge and that he was
given an observer corps uniform (which I have) although he was not a member!
he also had a "set" although whether it was a transmitter or just a receiver
I don't know.
WHat had hoped was someone on your WWII list might be able to shed some light
on this. I read something about something similar in a ham radio magazine
(using discharged wireless ops to monitor German broadcasts...but he speaks
no German...) but I have since misplacd the article.
I am sure its not a big deal but I am curious! So anyone out there know
about using ex RAF W/ops in this manner?

Some information:
Member Wireless reserve (radio engineer/apprentice in 30s)
Joined up at outbreak
Qualifies as W/op AG (Sgt)
serves on q-site at Thorney Island
Flew a tour of operations with 7 squadron on Stirlings
ground duties then revolunteers for ops
13 missions with 101 on wellingtons (photo included in "Bomber Squadron at
War" Ian Allen Pub.) including 1000 bomber raid on cologne and subsequent
Millenium raids
a/c attacked over Borkum (sp?) June 30th 1942 badly injured by cannon shell
fragments (attacked AT NIGHT by a pair of BF 109's -wilde sau?)
commended for contribution to safe return of a/c - getting fixes(DARKIE) whilst
injured
a/c crashlands at Coltishall(Norfolk)
several months in hospital (gangrene...sulpholamide drug trial...that worked!)
Discharged from RAF (disabled)

continues to do something with radio/Observer corps(?) from home in Bedford

Obviously Grandad is getting on a bit and I hope I can get it out of him
this summer if I make it home! but any info I can garner in advance
would be great.

seeya
chris
PS you could just post this up (if you think it's appropriate and then anyone
could mail me direct if this isn't of interest/suitable for the list as a whole

Cassady Craft
e-mail [email-masked]
or
[email-masked]

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 3 Feb 1995 14:01:16 -0500
From:    Barone <[email-masked]>
Subject: ADMIN: Enola Gay Exhibit

        A few tempers seem to be on the rise concerning the cancellation
of the Smithsonian Enola Gay exhibit so I thought I would reiterate a
portion of the introduction in order to prevent any misunderstands over
the weekend.  I would prefer to err on the side of caution with this
warning since I may not read any new email over the weekend until Monday
and things may have gotten out of hand by then.  I apologize if it is
felt that this is unnecessary and I thank everyone for adhering to it.

>       Some subjects have been beaten to death or evoke strong emotional
> responses.  ...
> If you feel that [this topic] must be addressed, ensure that your
> wording is precise; consider the responses that it might evoke; and use
> the topics flag.  It is not my duty to censor any pertinent topic from this
> list, but [this topic] should be handled carefully.  Failure to do so may
> result in "flame wars" which will *not* be tolerated on this list.

--
Joe Barone, WWII-L listowner
[email-masked]

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 3 Feb 1995 14:43:42 -0500
From:    Kevin Kamphaus <[email-masked]>
Subject: WANT: Map information

Fellow WWII'ers

  Can anyone recommend a good source for detail maps showing troop deployment inthe ETO.

Thanks,

Kevin Kamphaus
[email-masked]

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 3 Feb 1995 14:31:46 EST
From:    Roger Coon <[email-masked]>
Subject: Re: Peruvian Ecuadoran War

Just a brief connection.  It wasn't Paraguay and Columbia, but rather
I believe, Paraguay and Bolivia.  Colombia does not border Paraguay
anywhere.
*****************************************************
Brad Coon                     When I climb, I enter
[email-masked]          the Crystal World, and
[email-masked]    all the answers for my
                              life lay evident before
                              me.

"Civilize the mind and make savage the body."
        Chinese proverb
******************************************************

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 3 Feb 1995 14:17:13 GMT-6
From:    "Robert T. Moore" <[email-masked]>
Subject: Re: Malmedy Massacre

Hello, Alex!

I think I can help with this.

>      I have just started reading Trevor Dupuy's _Hitler's Last Gamble:
> The Battle of the Bulge_ and I have come across something that I never
> heard of before.  According to Dupuy, the facts of the Malmedy Massacre
> and the subsequent trial are both less than clear as to whether or not
> the Nazis actually murdered the men in cold blood or whether many were
> killed in battle or while trying to escape.  Dupuy goes on to say that
> the men who were sentenced may have been railroaded.  I have never known
> Dupuy to be a revisionist, but there's always a first time.  Does any-
> body know anything more about the Massacre or the trial which can
> shed some light on whether or not Dupuy was in fact correct?

    A documentary was produced concerning this including never-before-
seen footage of the trial. There will always be controversy
surrounding the Malmedy Massacre. Peiper claimed that he wasn't there
when it happened, but took responsibility for it. He also claimed
that the American soldiers had surrendered and were sent to the rear
without adequate guard and were mistaken for attackers. Be that as it
may, all responsible directly or indirectly, including Hermann Priess
the Corps Commander and Sepp Dietrich the Army commander were tried,
found guilty of willful und unprovoked assault and sentenced to death
along with Peiper and 23 others.

    Time worked against the verdicts because of the tensions with the
Soviets and the attempt by the Allies not alienate the German
population. A review of the sentences was carried out in 1950 I think
with the chairman of this committee being none other than Senator Joe
McCarthy. He felt that they had been railroaded, sentences were
commuted, some freed, but Peiper's death sentence still stood. This
sentence was never carried out and he was freed from Landsberg Prison
where all were kept, in 1960 (?).

    I don't think the truth will ever be known. One thing that
surprised the Germans, though. They were quite surprised at the
American reaction to this atrocity, because it was not viewed in that
way by the Germans involved in it. These people had been veterans of
years of hard fighting on the Eastern Front where both sides there
guilty of almost wanton killing of prisoners. It was difficult for
them to contemplate a change in this attitude by the Western Allies.
Thus, this wanton killing of Americans was viewed by many involved in
the atrocity as a natural condition of war.

    Hope this helps.

    Terry

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 3 Feb 1995 14:57:01 -0500
From:    Cheryl Abdullah <[email-masked]>
Subject: GEN: Lies and history

Being someone who is fascinated by history, I now come to you with some
thoughtlets.  In philosophy there is a field called 'epistemology,' or the
study of knowledge itself.  Is there a related field in the study of history?

This Enola Gay exhibit discussion is making my mind crank with questions.
On one hand, the war with Japan is over and there is no (we would hope)
prospect of it resuming.  It is in the past.  I hear many of you saying
"What's so hard about studying the past?"  My question exactly.

I look at current issues that are *not* resolved and see revisionism in
progress, as if the 'truth' justifies decisions affecting the future,
e.g., the incredible propaganda issued by Saddam Hussein.  100 years from
now, some poor group of listmembers will prob. argue "current" revisionist
history emanating from the "revisionism"--whatever you call it--already
going on today.

Well, this is no news.  In my own field, there is a none-too-perfect but
useful practice of establishing international standards to make life easier
for librarians who catalog materials, computer software writers, etc.
Compared to human history, that stuff is pretty clearcut (I can hear
the catalogers cursing as I write).  Have there ever been attempts to...
don't know the words here...solidify? "controversial" history such as
atomic bomb dropping on Japan with intl. scholars?  (Most similar thing I
can think of was some religious roundtable about either the life of Christ
or the wording in the Bible, can't remember.)

Are there historians who study revisionism in and of itself?  Is history
ever supposed to be useful, or is that just wishful thinking of those who
study it?

Cheryl Give-Me-Ambiguity-or-Give-Me-Something-Else Abdullah
[email-masked]

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 3 Feb 1995 14:49:18 GMT-6
From:    "Robert T. Moore" <[email-masked]>
Subject: Re: GEN: ATTEMPTED JAPANESE COUP

Hello, John and Steve!

Just a note.

> It has been my understanding that both germany and japan has abomb projects
> in some stage of development during the war. Perhaps someone could provide
> more definite info?

    This is very true, however the Germans were far more along with
their project than were the Japanese. The Japanese didn't really
become seriously involved in this project until 1944 and even then
only perfunctorily. The reason was that they had no scientists that
possessed the expertise found in Germany, Britain or the US.

    Hope this helps.

    Terry

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 3 Feb 1995 17:10:08 -0500
From:    David Rising <[email-masked]>
Subject: Re: MEDIA:Nazi Papers Auction

On Fri, 3 Feb 1995, James E Irwin wrote:

> :NAZI PAPERS WITHDRAWN FROM AUCTION AFTER OUTCRY
>
>     LONDON, Feb 2  - Nazi papers from the extermination camp
> Bergen-Belsen, one of which bears the signature of Adolf Hitler, were
> withdrawn from an auction on Thursday after public protests that the
> timing was tasteless.

James,
I've always been under the impression that there were no papers or other
such documentation which could tie Hitler to the final solution. All his
orders were given orally (or so I've been led to believe). Any idea what
these papers were about? Just wondering.
David Rising

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 3 Feb 1995 16:54:00 PST
From:    "Wsiaki, Bill" <[email-masked]>
Subject: Demographic Study of Kiev

Would anyone in the group have or know where I could obtain demographic
statistics of Kiev,UKRAINE for the 1930's and 40's?  For example, populations
by ethnic groups, etc.  Any assistance will be kindly appreciated.

Bill Wsiaki
St. Paul's College Library
University of Manitoba
[email-masked]

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 3 Feb 1995 19:48:58 EST
From:    John Davis <[email-masked]>
Subject: INF: 50 Years Ago - 04-FEB-1945

On 04-FEB-1945, the following occurred -

World War II - The Battlefronts
-------------------------------
Western Front - The U.S. 1st Army is ordered to attack in the Duren sector,
with the 9th Army close on its left. The 78th Division takes Ruhrberg. This
is a first step toward securing the dam at Schwammenauel on the Rur. Units
of the 9th Division reach Lake Urft and secure part of Dam No. 5. The 1st
Division continues the offensive against the West Wall, consolidating in
the Ramscheid area. Northeast of Brandsceid, the 4th Division breaches the
outer defences of the Siegfried Line. The 90th Division is relieved by
units of the 6th and 11th Armoured Divisions and prepare to support the 4th
Division in the offensive against Brandscheid. The 6th Armoured Division
extends its control in the Our River western sector. XII Corps regroups its
divisions in preparation for the offensive across thr Our and the Sauer on
the other side of the Siegfried Line. In the French 1st Army sector, the
U.S. 3rd and 75th Divisions strengthen their positions around Neuf-Brisach.

Italian Front - In the U.S. 5th Army sector, the 92nd Division improves
its positions in the Serchio valley.

Philippines - In the XIV Corps sector, the 1st Cavalry Division carries out
patrol activity on the outskirts of Manila while awaiting reinforcements.
Elements of the 37th Division arrive by evening. In the I Corps sector, the
Americans take San Jose and block the way into the Cagayan valley. They are
unable to break down the Japanese defences at Munoz. The XI Corps is still
being held up at Zigzag Pass. The 11th Airborne Division, who landed in the
Tagaytay Mountains, come within five miles of Manila.

Burma/China - The first convoy to leave Ledo makes a triumphal entry into
Kunming in China after completing a long 970-mile journey.

Crimea - The U.S.-British-Soviet conference opens at Yalta in the Crimea
to consider Allied strategy and related political issues.

The Homefront
-------------
Twenty-three Die In Plane Crash - Twenty-three Army personnel, including
three nurses, have been killed when a transport plane crashed during the
fog into a mountain 60 miles north of Rome.

Nelson Wins Again - Byron Nelson has won the open golf tournament in Corpus
Christi, Texas with a 72-hole total of 274.

=============================================================================

Sources: "United States Army in World War II, Chronology 1941-1945" compiled
by Mary H. Williams, Office of the Chief of Military History, Department of
the Army, "2194 Days of War" by Cesare Salmaggi and Alfredo Pallavisimi,
"Facts On File Yearbook 1945, Person's Index Of World Events" edited by R.L.
Lapica.

Copyright 1995 by John B Davis, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Previous articles are archived at ftp.webcom.com in directory /pub/jbd/www
and can be accessed via the WWW by URL: http://www.webcom.com/~jbd/ww2.html.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
John Davis                           | [email-masked]
Cary, North Carolina                 | http://www.webcom.com/~jbd/
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 3 Feb 1995 20:40:00 EST
From:    mc killop <[email-masked]>
Subject: [INF] USAAF 4 FEB 45

COMBAT CHRONOLOGY OF THE US ARMY AIR FORCES
SUNDAY, 4 FEBRUARY 1945
FTP SITES
  1. ftp.rutgers.edu in directory pub/wwii/usaf
  2. byrd.mu.wvnet.edu (129.71.32.152) in pub/history/military/airforce/
     wwii_chronology

AIRCRAFT MENTIONED IN THIS REPORT:
  A-20, Douglas Havoc
  B-17, Boeing Flying Fortress
  B-24, Consolidated Liberator
  B-25, North American Mitchell
  B-29, Boeing Superfortress
  UC-64, Noorduyn Norseman
  L-5, Stinson Sentinel
  P-38, Lockheed Lightning
  P-40, Curtiss
  P-47, Republic Thunderbolt
  P-51, North American Mustang

NOTE: A number in parenthesis after a target name indicates the number of
bombers attacking.

CHINA-BURMA-INDIA THEATER

  CHINA THEATER (Fourteenth Air Force): In China, 10 P-40s bomb the airfield
and Japanese HQ at Yungning and railroad yards at Sinyang; 2 of the P-40s
over Sinyang are lost to ground fire. The detachments of the 25th and 26th
Fighter Squadrons, 51st Fighter Group, operating from Leangshan and Laohokow,
China respectfully with P-51s, return to base at Yunnani and Kunming, China
respectfully; the 25th Fighter Squadron sends a detachment to operate from
Poseh with P-51s.

  INDIA-BURMA THEATER (Tenth Air Force): In Burma, 54 P-38s and P-47s destroy
or damage bridges at Inailong, Bawgyo, Ho-hko, Hay-ti, Mong Long, and Pa-mao;
26 P-47s support ground forces in the Myitson and Hosi areas. Troops,
supplies, and vehicles are attacked at Nam Yem, Na-makhkaw, Mansam, Kong
kang, Nawngsong, Mong Yai, Na-lang, and Pangmit. Again transports complete
500+ sorties to advanced bases and over forward areas, where supplies are
dropped to troops. The 166th Liaison Squadron, 1st Air Commando Group, moves
from Asansol, India to Sinthe, Burma with UC-64s and L-5s.

EUROPEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS (ETO)

  STRATEGIC OPERATIONS (Eighth Air Force): Mission 819: 7 of 9 B-24s drop
leaflets in the Netherlands and Germany during the night.

  TACTICAL OPERATIONS (Ninth Air Force): In Germany, the 9th Bombardment
Division attacks a repair depot at Mechernich, the Arloff road and rail
junction, and flies a leaflet mission. The IX and XIX Tactical Air Commands
patrol the battle area. The 158th Liaison Squadron, Ninth AF (attached to
Twelfth Army Group) arrives at Somme-Suippe, France from England with L-5s.

MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS (MTO)

  STRATEGIC OPERATIONS (Fifteenth Air Force): Bad weather cancels bombing
operations for the third successive day. 24 B-24s and 1 B-17 drop supplies
and leaflets in N Yugoslavia. 8 P-38s carry out photo and weather
reconnaissance missions.

  TACTICAL OPERATIONS (Twelfth Air Force): In Italy, medium bombers bomb
railroad bridges at Ala, San Michele all' Adige, Lavis, Dogna, and Bodrez,
and attack the Ala marshalling yard; XXII Tactical Air Command fighters and
fighter-bombers escort the medium bombers and, in widespread areas of N
Italy, destroy 2 bridges, damage 8 others, and blast rolling stock.

PACIFIC OCEAN AREA (POA)

  AAFPOA (Seventh Air Force): 9 B-24s from Guam Island, bomb AA defenses on
Iwo Jima Island while 10 hit the town of Okimura on Chichi Jima Island. 2
B-24s from Saipan Island, on an armed reconnaissance flight, bomb Marcus
Island in the North Pacific. 23 B-24s from Angaur Island bomb Caballo Island
in the Philippine Islands. During the night of 4/5 Feb, 8 Guam-based B-24s,
operating singly, pound airfields on Iwo Jima.

  HQ AAF (Twentieth Air Force): Mission 26: For the first time the XXI Bomber
Command sends B-29s from 2 wings [the 73d and 313th Bombardment Wings (Very
Heavy)] against Japanese Home Islands. 110 B-29s are dispatched; 69 bomb the
urban area of Kobe; 30 others, including 15 hitting Natsusaka, bomb last
resort targets and targets of opportunity; about 200 attacking fighters down
1 B-29 and damage 35 others; 1 other crashes upon landing at Saipan Island;
B-29s claim 4-20-39 Japanese aircraft.

SOUTHWEST PACIFIC AREA [SWPA, Far East Air Force (FEAF)]: On Luzon Island,
B-24s continue to hit Corregidor Island and Cavite; in support of ground
forces B-25s bomb and strafe coast targets from San Felipe to Maloma, hit
targets around lba, and drop napalm on San Jose del Monte and A-20s bomb Lipa
and Calingatan Airfields. HQ 348th Fighter Group and the 340th Fighter
Squadron move from Tanauan, Leyte Island to San Marcelino, Luzon with P-47s.

SOURCES:
AIR FORCE COMBAT UNITS OF WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force History,
  Headquarters USAF, 1961, ISBN 0-912799-02-1
COMBAT SQUADRONS OF THE AIR FORCE, WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force
  History, Headquarters USAF 1982
THE ARMY AIR FORCES IN WORLD WAR II: COMBAT CHRONOLOGY, 1941-1945 by the
  Office of Air Force History, Headquarters USAF, 1973
THE MIGHTY EIGHTH WAR DIARY by Roger A. Freeman, ISBN 1-85409-071-2

Jack McKillop
USAF (Airways and Air Communications Service)
1955-59

-------------------------------------------------------------------
|  Jack McKillop         |  Those who have long enjoyed such      |
|  Bellcore              |  privileges as we enjoy forget in      |
|  Piscataway, NJ USA    |  time that men have died to win them.  |
|  [email-masked]  |                       FDR              |
-------------------------------------------------------------------

04/0139Z FEB

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 3 Feb 1995 17:37:49 -0800
From:    Steve New <[email-masked]>
Subject: Re: Xerox Copy

You wrote:

>
>Yeah, I would be interested, in which format would you send it out,
>e-mail or on paper?
>
>
>-----------------------------------------------------------------------
------
>Gudmundur J. Helgason                              e-mail:
[email-masked]
>Olduslod 41                                              phone:
(354)-5655270
>220 Hafnarfjordur
(354)-5652270
>ICELAND                                             Maintainer of
ICELAND.FAQ
>-----------------------------------------------------------------------
------
>>
>> I have a copy,50 pages, of "Air-To_Air Combat in World War II: A
Quantitative
>> History" by Joseph H. Reinburg November 1966. Its a Research Paper
P-345.
>> "This paper is a brief impressionistic survey of tactical air warfare
(par-
>> ticularly air-to-air combat) from its primitive beginnings in the
First
>> World War through the one-sided air operations over Korea."
>> There are tables showing aircraft losses by type and they appear to
be for
>> WW-2.
>> Anybody have an interest?
>>
>> Ron
>>
>
>
I'm also interested.  How do you want to go about distribution?

--

Steve L. New
[email-masked]
Just an armadillo on the shoulder of the information superhighway.

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 3 Feb 1995 20:46:00 EST
From:    mc killop <[email-masked]>
Subject: [INF] 5 FEB 45

COMBAT CHRONOLOGY OF THE US ARMY AIR FORCES
MONDAY, 5 FEBRUARY 1945
FTP SITES
  1. ftp.rutgers.edu in directory pub/wwii/usaf
  2. byrd.mu.wvnet.edu (129.71.32.152) in pub/history/military/airforce/
     wwii_chronology

AIRCRAFT MENTIONED IN THIS REPORT:
  A-20, Douglas Havoc
  B-17, Boeing Flying Fortress
  B-24, Consolidated Liberator
  B-25, North American Mitchell
  F-4, Lockheed Lightning
  F-5, Lockheed Lightning
  P-38, Lockheed Lightning
  P-40, Curtiss
  P-47, Republic Thunderbolt
  P-51, North American Mustang

NOTE: A number in parenthesis after a target name indicates the number of
bombers attacking.

AMERICAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  ALASKA (Eleventh Air Force): 5 B-24s bomb Kataoka on Shimushu Island in the
Kurile Islands through solid overcast; a shipping sweep by B-25s is cancelled
due to weather.

CHINA-BURMA-INDIA THEATER

  CHINA THEATER (Fourteenth Air Force): In China, 14 P-51s and P-40s attack
locomotives and trucks at the Pinghan railroad yards, Hsiangcheng, and
Lohochai; at least 9 locomotives and an undetermined number of trucks are
destroyed; the 21st Photographic Reconnaissance Squadron, Fourteenth AF,
based at Kunming with F-4s and F-5s, sends a flight to operate from Hsian
(another flight is operating from Luliang).

  INDIA-BURMA THEATER (Tenth Air Force): In Burma, 35 P-47s support ground
forces in the Myitson, Hosi, and Molo areas; 8 P-38s bomb Mong Long; 60 P-38s
and P-47s hit troops and supplies at Kan-loi, Nam-yang, Man Peng, Pangmakhe-
leng, Kwangteng, Mong Pa, and Mansam. Transports fly 554 sorties to forward
areas.

EUROPEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS (ETO)

  TACTICAL OPERATIONS (Ninth Air Force): Weather cancels all operations
except IX Tactical Air Command fighter patrols over the US First Army area
around Butgenbach, Belgium.

MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS (MTO)

  STRATEGIC OPERATIONS (Fifteenth Air Force): 730+ B-17s and B-24s bomb oil
storage at Regensburg, Germany, the main station and 2 marshalling yards at
Salzburg, Austria, the marshalling yards at Rosenheim, Germany and Villach,
Austria, and Straubing, Germany railroad installations; 6 bombers bomb the
Comeglians, Italy road bridge. P-38s and P-51s escort the bombers, fly
reconnaissance and reconnaissance support missions, and accompany 25 B-24s on
a supply mission to Yugoslavia.

  TACTICAL OPERATIONS (Twelfth Air Force): In Italy, B-25s score excellently
against the San Ambrogio di Valpolicella landslide (the overhanging cliff
collapses on the railroad by bombing) and bridges at San Michele all' Adige
and Calliano; during the night of 4/5 Feb, XXII Tactical Air Command A-20
intruder missions hit lights, motor transport, and roads in the Po Valley and
areas S of Bologna; fighters and fighter-bombers fly 270+ sorties against
communications targets in N Italy; incendiary bombing of a truck park damages
numerous vehicles.

PACIFIC OCEAN AREA (POA)

  AAFPOA (Seventh Air Force): 21 B-24s from Saipan Island bomb AA positions,
defense installations, and a bivouac on the N end of Iwo Jima Island; during
the night of 5/6 Feb, Iwo Jima airfields are pounded by 10 Saipan-based B-24s
flying individual snooper strikes. HQ 15th Fighter Group departs Hawaii for
Iwo Jima.

SOUTHWEST PACIFIC AREA [SWPA, Far East Air Force (FEAF)]: On Luzon Island, 60
B-24s deliver the heaviest attack yet on Corregidor Island; support for
ground forces continues in various Luzon battle zones. B-25s on a shipping
sweep of the E coast claim 9 barges and luggers sunk and several more
damaged. B-24s bomb Manggar and Sepinggang Airfields on Borneo.  HQ 475th
Fighter Group moves from Dulag, Leyte Island to San Jose, Mindoro Island (the
group's 3 squadrons, the 431st, 432d and 433d Fighter Squadrons, remain at
Dulag with P-38s and send detachments to operate from San Jose).

SOURCES:
AIR FORCE COMBAT UNITS OF WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force History,
  Headquarters USAF, 1961, ISBN 0-912799-02-1
COMBAT SQUADRONS OF THE AIR FORCE, WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force
  History, Headquarters USAF 1982
THE ARMY AIR FORCES IN WORLD WAR II: COMBAT CHRONOLOGY, 1941-1945 by the
  Office of Air Force History, Headquarters USAF, 1973
THE MIGHTY EIGHTH WAR DIARY by Roger A. Freeman, ISBN 1-85409-071-2

Jack McKillop
USAF (Airways and Air Communications Service)
1955-59

-------------------------------------------------------------------
|  Jack McKillop         |  Those who have long enjoyed such      |
|  Bellcore              |  privileges as we enjoy forget in      |
|  Piscataway, NJ USA    |  time that men have died to win them.  |
|  [email-masked]  |                       FDR              |
-------------------------------------------------------------------

04/0145Z

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 3 Feb 1995 20:55:00 EST
From:    mc killop <[email-masked]>
Subject: [INF] USAAF 6 FEB 45

COMBAT CHRONOLOGY OF THE US ARMY AIR FORCES
TUESDAY, 6 FEBRUARY 1945
FTP SITES
  1. ftp.rutgers.edu in directory pub/wwii/usaf
  2. byrd.mu.wvnet.edu (129.71.32.152) in pub/history/military/airforce/
     wwii_chronology

AIRCRAFT MENTIONED IN THIS REPORT:
  A-20, Douglas Havoc
  A-26, Douglas Invader
  B-17, Boeing Flying Fortress
  B-24, Consolidated Liberator
  B-25, North American Mitchell
  B-26, Martin Marauder
  F-5, Lockheed Lightning
  F-6, North American Mustang
  P-38, Lockheed Lightning
  P-47, Republic Thunderbolt
  P-51, North American Mustang

NOTE: A number in parenthesis after a target name indicates the number of
bombers attacking.

AMERICAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS

  CARIBBEAN (Sixth Air Force): The 397th Bombardment Squadron (Heavy), VI
Bomber Command, moves from the Galapagos Islands to Rio Hato, Panama with
B-24s.

CHINA-BURMA-INDIA THEATER

  CHINA THEATER (Fourteenth Air Force): In China, 20 P-51s pound and
considerably damage Peking Airfield, claiming 7 aircraft destroyed; other
fighter-bombers on armed reconnaissance hit several targets of opportunity
(mainly rail and river traffic) around Tsingpu, Wuhu, Suchow, Hsiangcheng,
Ichang, Chingmen, and Yungning. Fighter-bombers sink numerous river craft on
the Mekong River from Wan Mai-Lo to Nguen, Burma.

  INDIA-BURMA THEATER (Tenth Air Force): In Burma, 86 P-47s and P-38s and 25
B-25s pound troop concentrations, supplies, and AA positions in the Lashio
area; 4 P-38s damage the approach to Mong Tong bridge. Transports complete
514 sorties, carrying men and supplies to forward areas.

EUROPEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS (ETO)

  STRATEGIC OPERATIONS (Eighth Air Force): Mission 821: 1,383 bombers and 904
fighters are dispatched to attack oil targets in Germany; the expected clear
weather does not materialize and the bombers attack secondary targets and
targets of opportunity using H2X radar; they claim 4-0-1 Luftwaffe aircraft;
5 bombers and 4 fighters are lost:
  1. 474 of 949 B-17s hit the secondary target in 2 forces, the marshalling
yard at Chemnitz; targets of opportunity are the Gotha marshalling yard (88),
Giessen (68), Saalfeld (39), Ohrdruf (35), Eisfeld (34), Schmalkalden (32),
Greiz (22), Zwickau (22), Eisenach (13), Waltershausen (12), Dirlos (12),
Ostheim (12), Friedrichroda (11), Steinbach (2), Meppen (1), Reichenbach (1),
Schmalkalden (1), and other (1); 3 B-17s are lost, 13 damaged beyond repair
and 115 damaged; 41 airmen are KIA, 7 WIA and 24 MIA. Escorting are 545 of
588 P-51s; they claim 1-0-1 aircraft in the air and 3-0-0 on the ground; 4
P-51s are lost (pilots MIA) and 7 damaged beyond repair.
  2. 418 of 434 B-24s hit the secondary target, the marshalling yard at
Magdeburg; targets of opportunity are the Meppen Bridge (1) and Quackenbruck
(1); 2 B-24s are lost, 1 damaged beyond repair and 61 damaged; 18 airmen are
MIA. The escort is 235 of 262 P-51s without loss.
  3. 33 of 38 P-51s fly a scouting mission without loss.
  4. 8 P-51s escort photo reconnaissance aircraft over Germany.
  5. 8 P-51s escort air-sea-rescue aircraft.

  TACTICAL OPERATIONS (Ninth Air Force): In Germany, 261 B-26s, A-20s and
A-26s attack the Rheinbach ammunition dump, Sotenich communications center,
Vlatten defended village, Berg-Gladbach motor transport center, and several
casual targets; fighters fly armed reconnaissance, alert flights and patrols,
dive-bomb the Horrem bridge, cut rails, and escort the 9th Bombardment
Division bombers. The 160th Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron, 363d Tactical
Reconnaissance Group, ceases operating from Conflans, France with F-6s and
returns to base at Le Culot, Belgium. In France, the 392d Fighter Squadron,
367th Fighter Group, moves from Juvincourt to St Dizier with P-38s. Units
moving from France to Belgium with P-47s: the 509th and 510th Fighter
Squadrons, 405th Fighter Group, from St Dizier to Ophoven; the 513th and
514th Fighter Squadrons, 406th Fighter Group, from Metz to Asch.

MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS (MTO)

  STRATEGIC OPERATIONS (Fifteenth Air Force): Bad weather permits only supply
and reconnaissance missions; 5 P-38s complete weather and photo
reconnaissance while 12 B-24s and 1 B-17 drop supplies in Yugoslavia.

  TACTICAL OPERATIONS (Twelfth Air Force): In Italy, B-25s attack railroad
targets on the line running N to the Brenner Pass, damaging bridges at
Rovereto and Ala; marshalling yards at Rovereto and San Ambrogio di
Valpolicella and a bridge at Crema are less successfully hit; fighter-bombers
cut railroad bridges at Nervesa delta Battaglia and San Michele all'Adige;
the P-47s claim 3 fighters destroyed in combat N of Verona and attack
numerous targets of opportunity throughout the target areas; during the night
of 5/6 Feb, A-20s attack lights, roads, and motor transport in the C Po
Valley.

PACIFIC OCEAN AREA (POA)

  AAFPOA (Seventh Air Force): 9 Guam Island-based B-24s hit AA defenses and
radar and radio installations on Iwo Jima Island; 10 more bomb Ototo Jima
Island in the Volcano Islands and the the town of Omura on Kyushu Island,
Japan. 1 B-24 from Angaur Island bombs Koror Island in the Palau Islands, and
on Luzon Island, 2 hit Bulan Airfield and 19 bomb Corregidor Island in Manila
Bay. 8 B-24s from Guam Island fly individual strikes against Iwo Jima
airfields during the night of 6/7 Feb.

SOUTHWEST PACIFIC AREA [SWPA, Far East Air Force (FEAF)]: On Luzon, B-24s
bomb Corregidor Island gun positions; B-25s and P-38s hit Echague and a camp
on the Rosario-Baguio road; A-20s attack gun positions and defenses at
Nichols Field in support of ground forces and bomb Caballo Island. B-24s and
B-25s fly coastal sweeps hitting various targets at Divilacan Bay, Hondagua,
and the Bicol Peninsula. A-20s attack Fabrica Airfield on Negros Island,
Philippine Islands. B-24s, with P-38 support hit Manggar and Sepinggang
Airfields in Borneo. The detachment of the 25th Photographic Reconnaissance
Squadron, 6th Photographic Reconnaissance Group, operating from Dulag, Leyte
Island with F-5s, returns to base at San Jose, Mindoro. The 342d and 460th
Fighter Squadrons, 348th Fighter Group, move from Tanauan, Leyte to San
Marcelino, Luzon with P-47s.

SOURCES:
AIR FORCE COMBAT UNITS OF WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force History,
  Headquarters USAF, 1961, ISBN 0-912799-02-1
COMBAT SQUADRONS OF THE AIR FORCE, WORLD WAR II, Office of Air Force
  History, Headquarters USAF 1982
THE ARMY AIR FORCES IN WORLD WAR II: COMBAT CHRONOLOGY, 1941-1945 by the
  Office of Air Force History, Headquarters USAF, 1973
THE MIGHTY EIGHTH WAR DIARY by Roger A. Freeman, ISBN 1-85409-071-2

Jack McKillop
USAF (Airways and Air Communications Service)
1955-59

-------------------------------------------------------------------
|  Jack McKillop         |  Those who have long enjoyed such      |
|  Bellcore              |  privileges as we enjoy forget in      |
|  Piscataway, NJ USA    |  time that men have died to win them.  |
|  [email-masked]  |                       FDR              |
-------------------------------------------------------------------

04/0154Z FEB

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 3 Feb 1995 23:35:33 -0500
From:    Ben Frank <[email-masked]>
Subject: Re: CONGRESSIONAL MEDA

For the record, there were a number of Marines besides Smedley Darlington
Butler to be awarded the Medal of Honor two times for separate feats of
heroism. Dan Daly was one, and there were several more in WWI who were awarded
both the Navy and the Army Medal of Honor for the same acts. One of the most
famous Marine Corps-wise was Louis Cukela, whose personality is the source of
many good sea stories. Ben Frank

------------------------------

Date:    Fri, 3 Feb 1995 23:49:46 PST
From:    Jim Brady <[email-masked]>
Subject: Re: Enola Gay Exhibit

>civilian casualties in Europe (bombs and death camps)."
>
>It may not have come across real clear, but my intent was to have a display
>showing a photographic account of actions by both sides.  If we are to
>show how cruel we were to the civilian population of an area, we must temper
>it with photographic evidence of cruely by the other side as well.  By
>only showing how cruel one side was is exactly what the problem is.  I
>think we can all agree that war is hell, and it's hell on both sides.  But
>to try and portray the USA as the evil aggressor on WWII and the Japanese
>as the innocent victims of American imperialism is simply not right.
>
>Alan Hepburn             |                                                 |

Alan,

  I hope I was also clear. I agree with you completely.

-- Jim Brady

------------------------------

End of WWII-L Digest - 2 Feb 1995 to 3 Feb 1995
***********************************************