)) to get on (a bus,...) (( to get off (a bus,...) Where I come from we climb on and descend: "dringo ar y bws", "dringo ar fws", and "disgyn o'r bws", "disgyn o fws". I don't now whether these are just literal translations of the rather affected (but possible) English, though. (Nor do I now whether I just accept those in English because they are literal translations of the Welsh that I use.) (( 3) As you now there are two different ways of pronouncing the )) Welsh diphthong wy, the falling one like in llwy ("spoon") and the (( rising one like in celwydd ("lie"). There are some indications how to )) pronounce it in y geiriadur mawr, but not consistently. I didn't find (( an explanation, but I tried to figure it out: After g and ch the )) normal pronounciation would be the rising one - therefore only the (( (exceptional) falling pronounciation is indicated in GM. It is conventional to denote both after g- and ch-, because it is sometimes the only way of distinguishing a pair of words (gw+yr, gwy+r; gw+ydd, gwy+dd; ayb). Sometimes it depends on whether you are a northerner or a southerner, "cwyno" is pronounced cw+yno in the south, cwy+no in the north (and usually written without an accent). (( This seems )) to hold true also after vowels. Someone who knows what is going on should explain to me why the sound of the -y- is different in "awyr" and "awyren" -- ah, I think the southerners pronounce -y- in both the same, but that we northerners distinguish them. )) After all other consonants on the (( other hand, the falling diphthong would be normal one, so this is )) only indicated after g and ch. (Is there any incidence after vowel?) (( Am I correct with this assumptions? Ah, now. The w+y is altogether the rule. Almost always in monosyllables, except those with g- and ch-, almost always at the beginnings and ends of / longer words; not always after vowels and other consonants though. Um, / er, "ewyn", "diwyd", "tywyn", "dedwydd" all have consonantal w. / g ____ (Fel y dywedais i yma o'r blaen, 'does gen i mo'r syniad lleiaf beth yw'r rheolau, ond rydw i'n barod i fentro er mwyn procio rhywun sy'n gwybod...) Dim ond un englyn wna i ddilyn neges am wy: O'i wiw wy i weu e a+ -- ei weau O'i wyau a wea. E wywa, ei we, aea' A'i wyau yw ieuau ia. (Sion Rhydderch?)