<199407252245.PAA25367@mcghub.mcg.mot.com> >> 1) Cyhaliwyd >> Brawddeg:-Eleni cyhaliwyd ail gwrs ar bymtheg Cymdeithas Madog ym Mhrifysgol >> Carleton yn ninas Ottawa, Canada. >> [This year ??? seventeenth Madog Society course in Carleton University, Ottowa >> city, Canada] >> >Siwr o fod taw cyNhaliwyd wyt ti'n feddwl, sy'n meddwl ``was held'' yn >y cyd-destun(context) yma i.e. ``This year, the 17th Madog Society >course WAS HELD in ...... '' Nobody mentioned the origin of this word: it comes from 'cynnal'. The way of forming the passive participle of verbs is to add -(i)wyd. In this case, the shift in stress causes the internal change 'nn' -> 'nh'. (It didn't help that it was misspelled: it should have been 'cynhaliwyd'.) The 'nn' -> 'nh' on shift of stress occurs in other words: e.g. 'cannwyll' (candle) becomes 'canhwyllau' (candles). --Mark