I'm a bit confused by the addition of the definite article (?) 'Y' before the verb 'mae' in the following examples. Since there is already an article before the nouns y+d and botel, what is its purpose? Is this akin to the reason there is an 'r', a remnant of 'Yr', in 'Rydw'? Y mae'r y+d yn wyrdd In Irish there would be no additional article...Ta/ an arbhar glas. Y mae'r botel yn wag ....Ta/ an buide/al folamh. Many thanks, Sean ___________________________________________________________________________ Sean V. Kelley kelley@ede.sanders.lockheed.com (MIME) Avionics Div., Lockheed Scri/obh chugam i nGaeilge, ma/s e/ do thoil e/ "Bi/onn driopa/s ar na h-amada/in nuair a bhi/onn drugall ar na h-aingil"