Diolch i Roger am ei lafur, eto. There is one place where the lesson is entirely tu chwith, though:- ( One strange adjective is "unig", which has two different meanings, depending ) on whether it comes before or after the noun. ( ) mam = mother ( darn = piece ) unig fam = lonely mother ( darn unig = only piece Every mother is the "unig fam" of someone. It means "unique" or "only" when it comes /before/ the noun: Iesu Grist, unig fab Duw. A "mam unig" would perhaps be one whose "unig fab" had left home. A slip of the keyboard, no doubt. ____ I have a few other odd comments, mainly on shades of meaning in the lesson. ( Adjectives in Welsh tend to follow the normal pattern for the Romance ) languages (French, Spanish, Latin, etc.), in which adjectives follow nouns. ( But there are exceptions. One exception which you might mention is that nouns are sometimes formed by compounding with adjectives and usually have the root noun after the adjective, as "hirddydd" (long day), rather than "dydd hir" or "diwrnod hir". ( Feminine nouns which precede adjectives cause soft mutation to the adjective. ) Masculine nouns don't. This is only true in the singular: "y ddraig goch", "y dreigiau cochion"; plural nouns of either gender require no mutation in the adjective. Um, did you say anything about plural adjectives? No... "y dreigiau coch", then. Singular forms of the adjective are acceptable (and commonly used) with plural nouns, but a learner should know to expect plural forms. ( Masc. Fem. English ) bychan fechan small ... This table gives the soft mutation of the feminine form of the adjective: the root has the same consonant as the masculine, with only a vowel change. I cannot at the moment think of a less contrived context that invites the feminine adjective without also requiring the mutation than when it stands alone as a complete statement: "Pa fath o ddraig?" "Bechan.", and even then it would not be unusual to mutate it, "Fechan", suggesting "Un fechan". It used to be the case that only "Un" and "Dwy" took a mutation, so you would count "Un fechan, dwy fechan, tair bechan..." but these days you usually hear other numbers calling for the mutation. Perhaps it is a useful fiction to give the adjectives mutated, after all. ( Irregular adjectives have special forms, some of which are still used in ) literary work, but have become regular in colloquial Welsh. The irregular forms, like other "literary" forms, are still common in colloquial speech, at least in the North. They do not necessarily connote any contrivance as might literary usages in spoken English, but they might be part of the reason that some Southerners think we speak a different language in the North. (I don't know; I am speculating.) ) (Since mwy already means "bigger", it is not used in combination with mawr) ....with the one bizarre nineteenth century exception of "yr Enw Mwyaf Mawr", and other artisitic exceptions in reference to it. Help: which hymn? ( - the difference between "mwy gryf" and "cryfach" is like the difference ) between English "more strong" and "stronger" I think it's "mwy cryf", no mutation seems to be called for by "mwy". ( - "na y" Ho. I dread to think what you meant to say about this. I cannot imagine what the rule should be. Perhaps it's "na'r" when the "y" is the article, and "nag y" when the "y" is just one of those preverbial particle jobs. Bluff. I wish I knew rules. It's certainly "mae'r bachgen yn fwy na'r ferch" but "mae'r bachgen yn fwy nag y buodd o". _____ Footnotes for the further curious. Cofio dadl Gwyl D(d)ewi? ) ty+ house m. tai Mae enwau llefydd fel "Tyddewi" yn dangos bod ty+ wedi bod yn fenywaidd yn yr oes a fu. g