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The 1913 Webster Unabridged Dictionary: Letter C
February, 1999 [Etext #661]
The Project Gutenberg Etext of The 1913 Webster Unabridged Dictionary
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C.
C. (sē) 1. C is the third
letter of the English alphabet. It is from the Latin letter C,
which in old Latin represented the sounds of k, and
g (in go); its original value being the latter. In
Anglo-Saxon words, or Old English before the Norman Conquest, it
always has the sound of k. The Latin C was the same letter
as the Greek Γ, γ, and came from the Greek alphabet.
The Greeks got it from the Phœnicians. The English name of
C is from the Latin name ce, and was derived, probably,
through the French. Etymologically C is related to g,
h, k, q, s (and other sibilant
sounds). Examples of these relations are in L. acutus, E.
acute, ague; E. acrid, eager,
vinegar; L. cornu, E. horn; E. cat,
kitten; E. coy, quiet; L.
circare, OF. cerchier, E.
search.
See Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 221-228.
2. (Mus.) (a) The
keynote of the normal or "natural" scale, which has neither flats
nor sharps in its signature; also, the third note of the relative
minor scale of the same. (b) C after
the clef is the mark of common time, in which each measure is a
semibreve (four fourths or crotchets); for alla breve time
it is written &?;. (c) The "C clef," a
modification of the letter C, placed on any line of the staff,
shows that line to be middle C.
3. As a numeral, C stands for Latin
centum or 100, CC for 200, etc.
C spring, a spring in the form of the
letter C.
||Ca*a"ba (k&adot;*ā"b&adot;),
n. [Ar. ka'bah, lit., a square building,
fr. ka'b cube.] The small and nearly cubical stone
building, toward which all Mohammedans must pray. [Written
also kaaba.]
&fist; The Caaba is situated in Mecca, a city of
Arabia, and contains a famous black stone said to have been
brought from heaven. Before the time of Mohammed, the
Caaba was an idolatrous temple, but it has since been the
chief sanctuary and object of pilgrimage of the Mohammedan
world.
Caas (käs), n. sing. & pl.
Case. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Cab (kăb), n. [Abbrev. fr.
cabriolet.] 1. A kind of close
carriage with two or four wheels, usually a public vehicle.
"A cab came clattering up." Thackeray.
&fist; A cab may have two seats at right angles to the
driver's seat, and a door behind; or one seat parallel to the
driver's, with the entrance from the side or front.
Hansom cab. See Hansom.
2. The covered part of a locomotive, in
which the engineer has his station. Knight.
Cab (kăb), n. [Heb.
qab, fr. qābab to hollow.] A Hebrew dry
measure, containing a little over two (2.37) pints. W.
H. Ward. 2 Kings vi. 25.
Ca*bal" (k&adot;*băl"), n.
[F. cabale cabal, cabala, LL. cabala cabala, fr.
Heb. qabbālēh reception, tradition, mysterious
doctrine, fr. qābal to take or receive, in Piël
qibbel to adopt (a doctrine).] 1.
Tradition; occult doctrine. See Cabala [Obs.]
Hakewill.
2. A secret. [Obs.] "The measuring
of the temple, a cabal found out but lately." B.
Jonson.
3. A number of persons united in some
close design, usually to promote their private views and
interests in church or state by intrigue; a secret association
composed of a few designing persons; a junto.
It so happend, by a whimsical coincidence, that in 1671 the
cabinet consisted of five persons, the initial letters of whose
names made up the word cabal; Clifford, Arlington,
Buckingham, Ashley, and Lauderdale. Macaulay.
4. The secret artifices or machinations
of a few persons united in a close design; intrigue.
By cursed cabals of women.
Dryden.
Syn. -- Junto; intrigue; plot; combination; conspiracy.
-- Cabal, Combination, Faction. An
association for some purpose considered to be bad is the idea
common to these terms. A combination is an organized union
of individuals for mutual support, in urging their demands or
resisting the claims of others, and may be good or bad according
to circumstances; as, a combiniation of workmen or of
employers to effect or to prevent a change in prices. A
cabal is a secret association of a few individuals who
seek by cunning practices to obtain office and power. A
faction is a larger body than a cabal, employed for
selfish purposes in agitating the community and working up an
excitement with a view to change the existing order of things.
"Selfishness, insubordination, and laxity of morals give rise to
combinations, which belong particularly to the lower
orders of society. Restless, jealous, ambitious, and little minds
are ever forming cabals. Factions belong especially
to free governments, and are raised by busy and turbulent spirits
for selfish purposes". Crabb.
Ca*bal", v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Caballed (-băld"); p. pr. &
vb. n. Caballing]. [Cf. F. cabaler.]
To unite in a small party to promote private views and
interests by intrigue; to intrigue; to plot.
Caballing still against it with the
great.
Dryden.
Cab"a*la (kăb"&adot;*l&adot;),
n. [LL. See Cabal, n.]
1. A kind of occult theosophy or traditional
interpretation of the Scriptures among Jewish rabbis and certain
mediæval Christians, which treats of the nature of god and
the mystery of human existence. It assumes that every letter,
word, number, and accent of Scripture contains a hidden sense;
and it teaches the methods of interpretation for ascertaining
these occult meanings. The cabalists pretend even to foretell
events by this means.
2. Secret science in general; mystic art;
mystery.
Cab"a*lism (kăb"&adot;*l&ibreve;z'm),
n. [Cf. F. cabalisme.]
1. The secret science of the
cabalists.
2. A superstitious devotion to the
mysteries of the religion which one professes. [R]
Emerson.
Cab"a*list (-l&ibreve;st), n. [Cf.
F. cabaliste.] One versed in the cabala, or the
mysteries of Jewish traditions. "Studious cabalists."
Swift.
{ Cab`a*lis"tic
(kăb`&adot;*l&ibreve;s"t&ibreve;k),
Cab`a*lis"tic*al (-t&ibreve;*kal) }
a. Of or pertaining to the cabala;
containing or conveying an occult meaning; mystic.
The Heptarchus is a cabalistic exposition
of the first chapter of Genesis
. Hallam.
Cab`a*lis"tic*al*ly, adv. In a
cabalistic manner.
Cab"a*lize (?), v. i. [Cf. F.
cabaliser.] To use cabalistic language. [R]
Dr. H. More.
Ca*bal"ler (k&adot;*băl"l&etilde;r),
n. One who cabals.
A close caballer and tongue-valiant
lord.
Dryden.
Cab"al*line (kăb"al*līn),
a. [L. caballinus, fr. caballus a
nag. Cf. Cavalier.] Of or pertaining to a
horse. -- n. Caballine
aloes.
Caballine aloes, an inferior and impure
kind of aloes formerly used in veterinary practice; -- called
also horse aloes. -- Caballine
spring, the fountain of Hippocrene, on Mount
Helicon; -- fabled to have been formed by a stroke from the foot
of the winged horse Pegasus.
Cab"a*ret (kăb"&adot;*r&ebreve;t; 277),
n. [F.] A tavern; a house where liquors
are retailed. [Obs. as an English word.]
||Ca*bas" (k&adot;*bä"), n.
[F.] A flat basket or frail for figs, etc.; hence, a lady's
flat workbasket, reticule, or hand bag; -- often written
caba. C. Bronté.
||Ca*bas"sou (k&adot;*băs"s&oomac;),
n. (Zoöl.) A species of
armadillo of the genus Xenurus (X. unicinctus and
X. hispidus); the tatouay. [Written also
kabassou.]
Cab"bage (kăb"b&asl;j), n.
[OE. cabage, fr. F. cabus headed (of cabbages),
chou cabus headed cabbage, cabbage head; cf. It.
capuccio a little head, cappuccio cowl, hood,
cabbage, fr. capo head, L. caput, or fr. It.
cappa cape. See Chief, Cape.] (Bot.)
1. An esculent vegetable of many varieties,
derived from the wild Brassica oleracea of Europe. The
common cabbage has a compact head of leaves. The cauliflower,
Brussels sprouts, etc., are sometimes classed as
cabbages.
2. The terminal bud of certain palm
trees, used, like, cabbage, for food. See Cabbage tree,
below.
3. The cabbage palmetto. See
below.
Cabbage aphis (Zoöl.), a
green plant-louse (Aphis brassicæ) which lives upon
the leaves of the cabbage. -- Cabbage
beetle (Zoöl.), a small, striped flea-
beetle (Phyllotreta vittata) which lives, in the larval
state, on the roots, and when adult, on the leaves, of cabbage
and other cruciferous plants. -- Cabbage
butterfly (Zoöl.), a white butterfly
(Pieris rapæ of both Europe and America, and the
allied P. oleracea, a native American species) which, in
the larval state, devours the leaves of the cabbage and the
turnip. See Cabbage worm, below. -- Cabbage
fly (Zoöl.), a small two-winged fly
(Anthomyia brassicæ), which feeds, in the larval or
maggot state, on the roots of the cabbage, often doing much
damage to the crop. -- Cabbage head,
the compact head formed by the leaves of a cabbage; --
contemptuously or humorously, and colloquially, a very stupid and
silly person; a numskull. -- Cabbage
palmetto, a species of palm tree (Sabal
Palmetto) found along the coast from North Carolina to
Florida. -- Cabbage rose (Bot.),
a species of rose (Rosa centifolia) having large and
heavy blossoms. -- Cabbage tree,
Cabbage palm, a name given to palms having
a terminal bud called a cabbage, as the Sabal
Palmetto of the United States, and the Euterpe
oleracea and Oreodoxa oleracea of the West
Indies. -- Cabbage worm
(Zoöl.), the larva of several species of moths
and butterflies, which attacks cabbages. The most common is
usually the larva of a white butterfly. See Cabbage
butterfly, above. The cabbage cutworms, which eat off the
stalks of young plants during the night, are the larvæ of
several species of moths, of the genus Agrotis. See
Cutworm. -- Sea
cabbage.(Bot.) (a) Sea
kale (b). The original Plant
(Brassica oleracea), from which the cabbage, cauliflower,
broccoli, etc., have been derived by cultivation. --
Thousand-headed cabbage. See Brussels
sprouts.
Cab"bage, v. i. To form a head
like that the cabbage; as, to make lettuce cabbage.
Johnson.
Cab"bage, v. i. [imp. & p.
p Cabbaged (-b&asl;jd); p. pr. & vb.
n. Cabbaging (-b&asl;*j&ibreve;ng).] [F.
cabasser, fr. OF. cabas theft; cf. F. cabas
basket, and OF. cabuser to cheat.] To purloin or
embezzle, as the pieces of cloth remaining after cutting out a
garment; to pilfer.
Your tailor . . . cabbages whole yards of
cloth.
Arbuthnot.
Cab"bage, n. Cloth or
clippings cabbaged or purloined by one who cuts out
garments.
Cab"bler (kăb"bl&etilde;r),
n. One who works at cabbling.
Cab"bling (-bl&ibreve;ng), n.
(Metal.) The process of breaking up the flat masses
into which wrought iron is first hammered, in order that the
pieces may be reheated and wrought into bar iron.
{ ||Ca*be"ça (k&adot;*b&asl;"s&adot;),
||Ca*besse" (k&adot;*b&ebreve;s"), }
n. [Pg. cabeça, F.
cabesse.] The finest kind of silk received from
India.
||Ca"ber (kā"b&etilde;r), n.
[Gael] A pole or beam used in Scottish games for tossing as
a trial of strength.
Cab`e*zon" (kăb`&asl;*z&obreve;n" or
kä*b&asl;*th&osl;n"), n. [Sp., properly,
big head. Cf. Cavesson.] (Zoöl.) A
California fish (Hemilepidotus spinosus), allied to the
sculpin.
Cab"i*ai (kăb"&ibreve;*ī),
n. [Native South American name.]
(Zoöl.) The capybara. See
Capybara.
Cab"in (kăb"&ibreve;n), n.
[OF. caban, fr. W. caban booth, cabin, dim. of
cab cot, tent; or fr. F. cabane, cabine, LL.
cabanna, perh. from the Celtic.] 1. A
cottage or small house; a hut. Swift.
A hunting cabin in the west.
E. Everett.
2. A small room; an inclosed
place.
So long in secret cabin there he held
Her captive.
Spenser.
3. A room in ship for officers or
passengers.
Cabin boy, a boy whose duty is to wait
on the officers and passengers in the cabin of a ship.
Cab"in v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Cabined (-&ibreve;nd); p. pr. & vb.
n. Cabining.] To live in, or as in, a
cabin; to lodge.
I'll make you . . . cabin in a cave.
Shak.
Cab"in, v. t. To confine in,
or as in, a cabin.
I am cabined, cribbed, confined, bound
in
To saucy doubts and fears.
Shak.
Cab"i*net (kăb"&ibreve;*n&ebreve;t),
n. [F., dim. of cabine or cabane.
See Cabin, n.] 1. A
hut; a cottage; a small house. [Obs.]
Hearken a while from thy green cabinet,
The rural song of careful Colinet.
Spenser.
2. A small room, or retired apartment; a
closet.
3. A private room in which consultations
are held.
Philip passed some hours every day in his father's
cabinet.
Prescott.
4. The advisory council of the chief
executive officer of a nation; a cabinet council.
&fist; In England, the cabinet or cabinet
council consists of those privy councilors who actually
transact the immediate business of the government. Mozley &
W. -- In the United States, the cabinet is composed of
the heads of the executive departments of the government, namely,
the Secretary of State, of the Treasury, of War, of the Navy, of
the Interior, and of Agiculture, the Postmaster-general, and the
Attorney-general.
5. (a) A set of drawers
or a cupboard intended to contain articles of value. Hence:
(b) A decorative piece of furniture, whether
open like an étagère or closed with doors. See
Étagère.
6. Any building or room set apart for the
safe keeping and exhibition of works of art, etc.; also, the
collection itself.
Cabinet council. (a)
Same as Cabinet, n., 4 (of which
body it was formerly the full title). (b)
A meeting of the cabinet. -- Cabinet
councilor, a member of a cabinet council. --
Cabinet photograph, a photograph of a size
smaller than an imperial, though larger than a carte de
visite. -- Cabinet picture, a
small and generally highly finished picture, suitable for a small
room and for close inspection.
Cab"i*net, a. Suitable for a
cabinet; small.
He [Varnhagen von Ense] is a walking
cabinet edition of Goethe.
For. Quar. Rev.
Cab"i*net, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Cabineted; p. pr. & vb.
n. Cabineting.] To inclose [R.]
Hewyt.
Cab"i*net*mak`er (-māk`&etilde;r),
n. One whose occupation is to make
cabinets or other choice articles of household furniture, as
tables, bedsteads, bureaus, etc.
Cab"i*net*mak`ing, n. The art
or occupation of making the finer articles of household
furniture.
Cab"i*net*work` (-wûrk`), n.
The art or occupation of working upon wooden furniture
requiring nice workmanship; also, such furniture.
Cab`i*re"an (kăb`&ibreve;*rē"an),
n. One of the Cabiri.
||Ca*bi"ri (k&adot;*bī"rī), n.
pl. [ NL., fr. Gr. Ka`beiroi.]
(Myth.) Certain deities originally worshiped with
mystical rites by the Pelasgians in Lemnos and Samothrace and
afterwards throughout Greece; -- also called sons of
Hephæstus (or Vulcan), as being masters of the art of
working metals. [Written also Cabeiri.] Liddell
& Scott.
Ca*bir"i*an (k&adot;*b&ibreve;r"&ibreve;*an),
a. Same as Cabiric.
Ca*bir"ic (k&adot;*b&ibreve;r"&ibreve;k),
a. [Cf. F. Cabirique] Of or
pertaining to the Cabiri, or to their mystical worship.
[Written also Cabiritic.]
Ca"ble (kā"b'l), n. [F.
câble, LL. capulum, caplum, a rope,
fr. L. capere to take; cf. D., Dan., & G. kabel,
from the French. See Capable.] 1. A
large, strong rope or chain, of considerable length, used to
retain a vessel at anchor, and for other purposes. It is made of
hemp, of steel wire, or of iron links.
2. A rope of steel wire, or copper wire,
usually covered with some protecting or insulating substance; as,
the cable of a suspension bridge; a telegraphic
cable.
3. (Arch) A molding, shaft of a
column, or any other member of convex, rounded section, made to
resemble the spiral twist of a rope; -- called also cable
molding.
Bower cable, the cable belonging to the
bower anchor. -- Cable road, a railway
on which the cars are moved by a continuously running endless
rope operated by a stationary motor. -- Cable's
length, the length of a ship's cable. Cables in the
merchant service vary in length from 100 to 140 fathoms or more;
but as a maritime measure, a cable's length is either 120 fathoms
(720 feet), or about 100 fathoms (600 feet, an approximation to
one tenth of a nautical mile). -- Cable
tier. (a) That part of a vessel
where the cables are stowed. (b) A coil
of a cable. -- Sheet cable, the cable
belonging to the sheet anchor. -- Stream
cable, a hawser or rope, smaller than the bower
cables, to moor a ship in a place sheltered from wind and heavy
seas. -- Submarine cable. See
Telegraph. -- To pay out the cable,
To veer out the cable, to slacken it, that
it may run out of the ship; to let more cable run out of the
hawse hole. -- To serve the cable, to
bind it round with ropes, canvas, etc., to prevent its being,
worn or galled in the hawse, et. -- To slip the
cable, to let go the end on board and let it all
run out and go overboard, as when there is not time to weigh
anchor. Hence, in sailor's use, to die.
Ca"ble (kā"b'l), v. t.
1. To fasten with a cable.
2. (Arch.) To ornament with
cabling. See Cabling.
Ca"ble, v. t. & i. [imp. &
p. p. Cabled (-b'ld); p. pr. & vb.
n. Cabling (-bl&obreve;ng).] To telegraph
by a submarine cable [Recent]
Ca"bled (-b'ld), a.
1. Fastened with, or attached to, a cable or
rope. "The cabled stone." Dyer.
2. (Arch.) Adorned with
cabling.
Ca"ble*gram` (kā"b'l*grăm`),
n. [Cable, n. + Gr. gra`mma a
writing, a letter.] A message sent by a submarine
telegraphic cable. [A recent hybrid, sometimes found in the
newspapers.]
Ca"ble*laid` (-lād`), a.
1. (Naut.) Composed of three three-
stranded ropes, or hawsers, twisted together to form a
cable.
2. Twisted after the manner of a cable;
as, a cable-laid gold chain. Simmonds.
Ca"blet (?), n. [Dim. of
cable; cf. F. câblot.] A little cable
less than ten inches in circumference.
Ca"bling (?), n. (Arch.)
The decoration of a fluted shaft of a column or of a
pilaster with reeds, or rounded moldings, which seem to be laid
in the hollows of the fluting. These are limited in length to
about one third of the height of the shaft.
Cab"man (?), n.; pl.
Cabmen (&?;). The driver of a
cab.
Ca*bob" (?), n. [Hindi
kabāb] 1. A small piece of
mutton or other meat roasted on a skewer; -- so called in Turkey
and Persia.
2. A leg of mutton roasted, stuffed with
white herrings and sweet herbs. Wright.
Ca*bob", v. t. To roast, as a
cabob. Sir. T. Herbert.
Ca*boched" (?), a. [F.
caboche head. Cf. 1st Cabbage.] (Her.)
Showing the full face, but nothing of the neck; -- said of
the head of a beast in armorial bearing. [Written also
caboshed.]
Ca*boo"dle (k&adot;*b&oomac;"d'l),
n. The whole collection; the entire
quantity or number; -- usually in the phrase the whole
caboodle. [Slang, U.S.] Bartlett.
Ca*boose" (k&adot;*b&oomac;s"), n.
[Cf. D. kabuis, kombuis, Dan. kabys, Sw.
kabysa, G. kabuse a little room or hut. The First
part of the word seems to be allied to W. cab cabin,
booth. Cf. Cabin.] [Written also camboose.]
1. (Naut.) A house on deck, where the
cooking is done; -- commonly called the galley.
2. (Railroad) A car used on
freight or construction trains for brakemen, workmen, etc.; a
tool car. [U. S.]
Cab"o*tage (?), n. [F.
cabotage, fr. caboter to sail along the coast; cf.
Sp. cabo cape.] (Naut.) Navigation along the
coast; the details of coast pilotage.
||Ca*brée" (k&adot;*br&aslc;"),
n. [French Canadian.] (Zoöl.)
The pronghorn antelope. [Also written cabrit,
cabret.]
Ca*brer"ite (?), n. (Min.)
An apple-green mineral, a hydrous arseniate of nickel,
cobalt, and magnesia; -- so named from the Sierra Cabrera,
Spain.
||Ca*bril"la (?), n. [Sp., prawn.]
(Zoöl) A name applied to various species of
edible fishes of the genus Serranus, and related genera,
inhabiting the Meditarranean, the coast of California, etc. In
California, some of them are also called rock bass and
kelp salmon.
Cab"ri*ole (?), n. [F. See
Cabriolet, and cf. Capriole.] (Man.) A
curvet; a leap. See Capriole.
The cabrioles which his charger
exhibited.
Sir W. Scott.
Cab`ri*o*let" (?), n.[F., dim. of
cabriole a leap, caper, from It. capriola, fr. dim.
of L. caper he-goat, capra she-goat. This carriage
is so called from its skipping lightness. Cf. Cab,
Caper a leap.] A one-horse carriage with two seats
and a calash top.
Ca*brit" (?), n. Same as
Cabrée.
Cab"urn (?), n. [Cf. Cable,
n.] (Naut.) A small line made of
spun yarn, to bind or worm cables, seize tackles, etc.
{||Ca*cæ"mi*a
(k&adot;*sē"m&ibreve;*&adot;), ||Ca*chæ"mi*a
(k&adot;*k&esl;"m&ibreve;*&adot;),} n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. kako`s bad+ a"i^ma blood.]
(Med.) A degenerated or poisoned condition of the
blood.
Ca*ca"ine (?), n. (Chem.)
The essential principle of cacao; -- now called
theobromine.
||Ca*ca*jão" (?), n. [Pg.]
(Zoöl) A South American short-tailed monkey
(Pithecia melanocephala or Brachyurus
melanocephala). [Written also cacajo.]
Ca*ca"o (?), n. [Sp., fr. Mex.
kakahuatl. Cf. Cocoa, Chocolate]
(Bot.) A small evergreen tree (Theobroma
Cacao) of South America and the West Indies. Its fruit
contains an edible pulp, inclosing seeds about the size of an
almond, from which cocoa, chocolate, and broma are
prepared.
Cach"a*lot (?), n. [F.
cachalot.] (Zoöl.) The sperm whale
(Physeter macrocephalus). It has in the top of its head a
large cavity, containing an oily fluid, which, after death,
concretes into a whitish crystalline substance called
spermaceti. See Sperm whale.
||Cache (?), n. [F., a hiding
place, fr. cacher to conceal, to hide.] A hole in the
ground, or hiding place, for concealing and preserving provisions
which it is inconvenient to carry. Kane.
{ Ca*chec"tic (?), Ca*chec"tic*al (?), }
a. [L. cachecticus, Gr.
&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;: cf. F. cachectique.]
Having, or pertaining to, cachexia; as, cachectic
remedies; cachectical blood. Arbuthnot.
||Cache`pot" (k&adot;sh`p&osl;"),
n. [F., fr. cacher to hide + pot
a pot.] An ornamental casing for a flowerpot, of porcelain,
metal, paper, etc.
||Cach"et (?), n. [F. fr.
cacher to hide.] A seal, as of a letter.
Lettre de cachet [F.], a sealed letter,
especially a letter or missive emanating from the sovereign; --
much used in France before the Revolution as an arbitrary order
of imprisonment.
{ ||Ca*chex"i*a (?), Ca*chex"y (?) },
n. [L. cachexia, Gr.
kachexi`a; kako`s bad + "e`xis
condition.] A condition of ill health and impairment of
nutrition due to impoverishment of the blood, esp. when caused by
a specific morbid process (as cancer or tubercle).
Cach`in*na"tion
(kăk`&ibreve;n*nā"shŭn), n.
[L. cachinnatio, fr. cachinnare to laugh aloud, cf.
Gr. kacha`zein.] Loud or immoderate laughter; --
often a symptom of hysterical or maniacal affections.
Hideous grimaces . . . attended this unusual
cachinnation.
Sir W. Scott.
Ca*chin"na*to*ry (?), a.
Consisting of, or accompanied by, immoderate
laughter.
Cachinnatory buzzes of approval.
Carlyle.
||Ca*chi"ri (?), n. A
fermented liquor made in Cayenne from the grated root of the
manioc, and resembling perry. Dunglison.
Cach"o*long (?), n. [F.
cacholong, said to be from Cach, the name of a
river in Bucharia + cholon, a Calmuck word for
stone; or fr. a Calmuck word meaning "beautiful stone"]
(Min.) An opaque or milk-white chalcedony, a variety
of quartz; also, a similar variety of opal.
Ca`chou" (?), n. [F. See
Cashoo.] A silvered aromatic pill, used to correct
the odor of the breath.
||Ca*chu"cha (?), n. [Sp.] An
Andalusian dance in three-four time, resembling the bolero.
[Sometimes in English spelled cachuca (&?;).]
The orchestra plays the cachucha.
Longfellow.
||Ca*chun"de (?), n. [Sp.]
(Med.) A pastil or troche, composed of various
aromatic and other ingredients, highly celebrated in India as an
antidote, and as a stomachic and antispasmodic.
||Ca*cique" (?), n. [Sp.] See
Cazique.
Cack (kăk), v. i. [OE.
cakken, fr. L. cacare; akin to Gr.
kakka^n, and to OIr. cacc dung; cf. AS.
cac.] To ease the body by stool; to go to
stool. Pope.
Cack"er*el (?), n. [OF. caquerel
cagarel (Cotgr.), from the root of E. cack.]
(Zoöl.) The mendole; a small worthless
Mediterranean fish considered poisonous by the ancients. See
Mendole.
Cac"kle (?), v. i. [imp. &
p. p. Cackled (-k'ld); p. pr. & vb.
n. Cackling (?).] [OE. cakelen; cf. LG.
kakeln, D. kakelen, G. gackeln,
gackern; all of imitative origin. Cf. Gagle,
Cake to cackle.] 1. To make a sharp,
broken noise or cry, as a hen or goose does.
When every goose is cackling.
Shak.
2. To laugh with a broken noise, like the
cackling of a hen or a goose; to giggle.
Arbuthnot.
3. To talk in a silly manner; to
prattle. Johnson.
Cac"kle (?), n. 1.
The sharp broken noise made by a goose or by a hen that has
laid an egg.
By her cackle saved the state.
Dryden.
2. Idle talk; silly prattle.
There is a buzz and cackle all around
regarding the sermon.
Thackeray.
Cac"kler (?), n. 1.
A fowl that cackles.
2. One who prattles, or tells tales; a
tattler.
Cac"kling, n. The broken noise
of a goose or a hen.
{ ||Cac`o*chym"i*a (?), Cac"o*chym`y (?), }
n. [NL. cacochymia, fr. Gr.
&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;; kako`s bad +
&?;&?;&?;&?;&?; juice: cf. F. cacochymie.] (Med.)
A vitiated state of the humors, or fluids, of the body,
especially of the blood. Dunglison.
{ Cac`o*chym"ic (?), Cac`o*chym"ic*al (?), }
a. Having the fluids of the body vitiated,
especially the blood. Wiseman.
Cac`o*de"mon (?), n. [Gr.
&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;; kako`s bad +
&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?; demon: cf. F. cacodémon.]
1. An evil spirit; a devil or demon.
Shak.
2. (Med.) The nightmare.
Dunaglison.
Cac`o*dox"ic*al (?), a.
Heretical.
Cac"o*dox`y (?), n. [Gr.
&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?; perverted opinion; kako`s
bad + &?;&?;&?;&?;&?; opinion.] Erroneous doctrine; heresy;
heterodoxy. [R.]
Heterodoxy, or what Luther calls
cacodoxy.
R. Turnbull.
Cac"o*dyl (?), n. [Gr.
&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?; ill-smelling (kako`s bad +
&?;&?;&?;&?;&?; to smell) + -yl.] (Chem.)
Alkarsin; a colorless, poisonous, arsenical liquid,
As2(CH3)4, spontaneously
inflammable and possessing an intensely disagreeable odor. It is
the type of a series of compounds analogous to the nitrogen
compounds called hydrazines. [Written also cacodyle,
and kakodyl.]
Cac`o*dyl"ic (?), a. (Chem.)
Of, pertaining to, or derived from, cacodyl.
Cacodylic acid, a white, crystalline,
deliquescent substance, (CH3)2AsO.OH,
obtained by the oxidation of cacodyl, and having the properties
of an exceedingly stable acid; -- also called
alkargen.
||Cac`o*ë"thes (?), n. [L.,
fr. Gr. &?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?; of ill habits, &?;&?;
&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?; an ill habit; kako`s bad +
&?; habit] 1. A bad custom or habit; an
insatiable desire; as, cacoëthes scribendi, "The itch
for writing". Addison.
2. (Med.) A bad quality or
disposition in a disease; an incurable ulcer.
Cac`o*gas"tric (?), a. [Gr.
kako`s bad + &?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?; stomach.]
Troubled with bad digestion. [R.] Carlyle.
Cac`o*graph`ic (?), a.
Pertaining to, or characterized by, cacography; badly
written or spelled.
Ca*cog`ra*phy (?), n. [Gr.
kako`s bad + -graphy; cf. F.
cacographie.] Incorrect or bad writing or
spelling. Walpole.
||Ca`co*let" (?), n. [F.] A
chair, litter, or other contrivance fitted to the back or pack
saddle of a mule for carrying travelers in mountainous districts,
or for the transportation of the sick and wounded of an
army.
Ca*col"o*gy (?), n. [Gr.
kako`s bad + -logy: cf. F. cacologie.]
Bad speaking; bad choice or use of words.
Buchanan.
{ ||Ca`co*mix"le (?), Ca`co*mix"tle (?),
Ca"co*mix`l (?) }, n. [Mexican name.]
A North American carnivore (Bassaris astuta), about
the size of a cat, related to the raccoons. It inhabits Mexico,
Texas, and California.
Ca*coon" (?), n. One of the
seeds or large beans of a tropical vine (Entada scandens)
used for making purses, scent bottles, etc.
{ Cac`o*phon"ic (?), Cac`o*phon"ic*al (?),
Ca*coph"o*nous (?), Cac`o*pho"ni*ous (?) },
a. Harsh-sounding.
Ca*coph"o*ny (?), n.; pl.
Cacophonies (#). [Gr.
&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;; kako`s bad + &?;&?;&?;&?;
sound: cf. F. Cacophonie.] 1.
(Rhet.) An uncouth or disagreable sound of words,
owing to the concurrence of harsh letters or syllables.
"Cacophonies of all kinds." Pope.
2. (Mus.) A combination of
discordant sounds.
3. (Med.) An unhealthy state of
the voice.
Cac"o*tech`ny (?), n. [Gr. &?;;
kako`s bad + &?; art.] A corruption or corrupt
state of art. [R.]
{ Ca*cox"ene (?), Ca*cox"e*nite (?) },
n. [Gr. kako`s bad + &?;&?;&?;&?;&?;
guest.] (Min.) A hydrous phosphate of iron occurring
in yellow radiated tufts. The phosphorus seriously injures it as
an iron ore.
Cac*ta"ceous (?), a. (Bot.)
Belonging to, or like, the family of plants of which the
prickly pear is a common example.
Cac"tus (?), n. ; pl. E.
Cactuses (#), Cacti (-
tī). [L., a kind of cactus, Gr. &?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;.]
(Bot.) Any plant of the order Cactacæ,
as the prickly pear and the night-blooming cereus. See
Cereus. They usually have leafless stems and branches,
often beset with clustered thorns, and are mostly natives of the
warmer parts of America.
Cactus wren (Zoöl.), an
American wren of the genus Campylorhynchus, of several
species.
Ca*cu"mi*nal (?), a. [L.
cacumen, cacuminis, the top, point.]
(Philol.) Pertaining to the top of the palate;
cerebral; -- applied to certain consonants; as, cacuminal
(or cerebral) letters.
Ca*cu"mi*nate (?), v. i. [L.
cacuminatus, p. p. of cacuminare to point, fr.
cacumen point.] To make sharp or pointed.
[Obs.]
Cad (?), n. [Abbrev. fr.
cadet.] 1. A person who stands at the
door of an omnibus to open and shut it, and to receive fares; an
idle hanger-on about innyards. [Eng.] Dickens.
2. A lowbred, presuming person; a mean,
vulgar fellow. [Cant] Thackeray.
Ca*das"tral (?), a. [F.] Of or
pertaining to landed property.
Cadastral survey, or
Cadastral map, a survey, map, or plan on a
large scale (Usually &frac1x2500; of the linear measure of the
ground, or twenty-five inches to the mile or about an inch to the
acre) so as to represent the relative positions and dimensions of
objects and estates exactly; -- distinguished from a
topographical map, which exaggerates the dimensions of
houses and the breadth of roads and streams, for the sake of
distinctness. Brande & C.
{ ||Ca*das"tre, Ca*das"ter } (?),
n. [f. cadastre.] (Law.) An
official statement of the quantity and value of real estate for
the purpose of apportioning the taxes payable on such
property.
||Ca*da"ver (?), n. [L., fr
cadere to fall.] A dead human body; a
corpse.
Ca*dav"er*ic (?), a. Of,
pertaining to, or resembling, a corpse, or the changes produced
by death; cadaverous; as, cadaveric rigidity.
Dunglison.
Cadaveric alkaloid, an alkaloid
generated by the processes of decomposition in dead animal
bodies, and thought by some to be the cause of the poisonous
effects produced by the bodies. See Ptomaine.
Ca*dav"er*ous (?), a. [L.
cadaverosus.] 1. Having the
appearance or color of a dead human body; pale; ghastly; as, a
cadaverous look.
2. Of or pertaining to, or having the
qualities of, a dead body. "The scent
cadaverous."
-- Ca*dav"er*ous*ly, adv. --
Ca*dav"er*ous*ness, n.
Cad"bait` (?), n. [Prov. E.
codbait, cadbote fly.] (Zoöl.) See
Caddice.
{ Cad"dice, Cad"dis } (?),
n. [Prov. E. caddy, cadew; cf. G.
köder bait.] (Zoöl.) The larva of a
caddice fly. These larvæ generally live in cylindrical
cases, open at each end, and covered externally with pieces of
broken shells, gravel, bits of wood, etc. They are a favorite
bait with anglers. Called also caddice worm, or caddis
worm.
Caddice fly (Zoöl.), a
species of trichopterous insect, whose larva is the
caddice.
Cad"dis, n. [OE. caddas,
Scot. caddis lint, caddes a kind of woolen cloth,
cf. Gael. cada, cadadh, a kind of cloth, cotton,
fustian, W. cadas, F. cadis.] A kind of
worsted lace or ribbon. "Caddises, cambrics, lawns."
Shak.
Cad"dish (?), a. Like a cad;
lowbred and presuming.
Cad"dow (?), n. [OE.
cadawe, prob. fr. ca chough + daw jackdaw;
cf. Gael. cadhag, cathag. Cf. Chough,
Daw, n.] (Zoöl.) A
jackdaw. [Prov. Eng.]
Cad"dy (?), n.; pl.
Caddies (#). [Earlier spelt catty, fr.
Malay katī a weight of 1⅓ pounds. Cf.
Catty.] A small box, can, or chest to keep tea
in.
Cade (?), a. [Cf. OE. cad,
kod, lamb, also Cosset, Coddle.] Bred
by hand; domesticated; petted.
He brought his cade lamb with him.
Sheldon.
Cade, v. t. To bring up or
nourish by hand, or with tenderness; to coddle; to tame.
[Obs.] Johnson.
Cade, n. [L. cadus jar, Gr.
&?;.] A barrel or cask, as of fish. "A cade of
herrings." Shak.
A cade of herrings is 500, of sprats
1,000.
Jacob, Law Dict.
Cade, n. [F. & Pr.; LL.
cada.] A species of juniper (Juniperus
Oxycedrus) of Mediterranean countries.
Oil of cade, a thick, black, tarry
liquid, obtained by destructive distillation of the inner wood of
the cade. It is used as a local application in skin
diseases.
Ca"dence (?), n. [OE.
cadence, cadens, LL. cadentia a falling, fr.
L. cadere to fall; cf. F. cadence, It.
cadenza. See Chance.]
1. The act or state of declining or
sinking. [Obs.]
Now was the sun in western cadence low.
Milton.
2. A fall of the voice in reading or
speaking, especially at the end of a sentence.
3. A rhythmical modulation of the voice
or of any sound; as, music of bells in cadence
sweet.
Blustering winds, which all night long
Had roused the sea, now with hoarse cadence lull
Seafaring men o'erwatched.
Milton.
The accents . . . were in passion's tenderest
cadence.
Sir W. Scott.
4. Rhythmical flow of language, in prose
or verse.
Golden cadence of poesy.
Shak.
If in any composition much attention was paid to
the flow of the rhythm, it was said (at least in the 14th and
15th centuries) to be "prosed in faire cadence."
Dr. Guest.
5. (Her.) See
Cadency.
6. (Man.) Harmony and proportion
in motions, as of a well-managed horse.
7. (Mil.) A uniform time and place
in marching.
8. (Mus.) (a) The
close or fall of a strain; the point of rest, commonly reached by
the immediate succession of the tonic to the dominant
chord. (b) A cadenza, or
closing embellishment; a pause before the end of a strain, which
the performer may fill with a flight of fancy.
Imperfect cadence. (Mus.) See
under Imperfect.
Ca"dence, v. t. To regulate by
musical measure.
These parting numbers, cadenced by my
grief.
Philips.
Ca"den*cy (?), n. Descent of
related families; distinction between the members of a family
according to their ages.
Marks of cadency (Her.), bearings
indicating the position of the bearer as older or younger son, or
as a descendant of an older or younger son. See Difference
(Her.).
Ca*dene" (?), n. [Cf. F.
cadène.] A species of inferior carpet imported
from the Levant. McElrath.
Ca"dent (?), a. [L. cadens,
-entis, p. pr. of cadere to fall.]
Falling. [R.] "Cadent tears." Shak.
Ca*den"za (?), n. [It.]
(Mus.) A parenthetic flourish or flight of ornament
in the course of a piece, commonly just before the final
cadence.
Ca"der (?), n. See
Cadre.
Ca*det" (?), n. [F. cadet a
younger or the youngest son or brother, dim. fr. L. caput
head; i. e., a smaller head of the family, after the first
or eldest. See Chief, and cf. Cad.]
1. The younger of two brothers; a younger
brother or son; the youngest son.
The cadet of an ancient and noble
family.
Wood.
2. (Mil.) (a) A
gentleman who carries arms in a regiment, as a volunteer, with a
view of acquiring military skill and obtaining a
commission. (b) A young man in
training for military or naval service; esp. a pupil in a
military or naval school, as at West Point, Annapolis, or
Woolwich.
&fist; All the undergraduates at Annapolis are Naval
cadets. The distinction between Cadet midshipmen and
Cadet engineers was abolished by Act of Congress in
1882.
Ca*det"ship (?), n. The
position, rank, or commission of a cadet; as, to get a
cadetship.
{ Ca*dew" (?), Cade"worm` (?), }
n. A caddice. See
Caddice.
Cadge (?), v. t. & i. [imp.
& p. p. Cadged (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Cadging.] [Cf. Scot. cache,
caich, cadge, to toss, drive, OE. cachen to
drive, catch, caggen to bind, or perh. E. cage. Cf.
Cadger.]
1. To carry, as a burden. [Prov.
Eng. & Scot.] Halliwell.
2. To hawk or peddle, as fish, poultry,
etc. [Prov.]
3. To intrude or live on another meanly;
to beg. [Prov. or Slang, Eng.] Wright.
Cadge, n. [Cf. 2d Cadger.]
(Hawking) A circular frame on which cadgers carry
hawks for sale.
Cadg"er (?), n. [From Cadge,
v. t., cf. Codger.]
1. A packman or itinerant
huckster.
2. One who gets his living by trickery or
begging. [Prov. or Slang] "The gentleman cadger."
Dickens.
Cadg"er, n. [OF. cagier one
who catches hawks. Cf. Cage.] (Hawking) One
who carries hawks on a cadge.
Cadg"y (?), a. Cheerful or
mirthful, as after good eating or drinking; also, wanton.
[Scot. & Prov. Eng.]
Ca"di (?), n. [Turk. See
Alcalde.] An inferior magistrate or judge among the
Mohammedans, usually the judge of a town or village.
{ Cad"ie, Cad"die (?), }
n. A Scotch errand boy, porter, or
messenger. [Written also cady.]
Every Scotchman, from the peer to the
cadie.
Macaulay.
Ca`di*les"ker (?), n. [Ar.
qād.ī judge + al'sker the army, Per.
leshker.] A chief judge in the Turkish empire, so
named originally because his jurisdiction extended to the cases
of soldiers, who are now tried only by their own
officers.
Ca*dil"lac (?), n. [Prob. from
Cadillac, a French town.] A large pear, shaped like a
flattened top, used chiefly for cooking.
Johnson.
Cad"is (?), n. [F.] A kind of
coarse serge.
Cad*me"an (kăd*m>emac/"an),
a. [L. Cadmeus, Gr.
Kadmei^os, from Ka`dmos (L. Cadmus),
which name perhaps means lit. a man from the East; cf. Heb.
qedem east.] Of or pertaining to Cadmus, a fabulous
prince of Thebes, who was said to have introduced into Greece the
sixteen simple letters of the alphabet -- α, β,
γ, δ, ε, ι, κ, λ, μ,
ν, ο, π, ρ, σ, τ, υ. These
are called Cadmean letters.
Cadmean victory, a victory that damages
the victors as much as the vanquished; probably referring to the
battle in which the soldiers who sprang from the dragon's teeth
sown by Cadmus slew each other.
Cad"mi*a (?), n. [L. cadmia
calamine, Gr. &?;. Cf. Calamine.] (Min.) An
oxide of zinc which collects on the sides of furnaces where zinc
is sublimed. Formerly applied to the mineral
calamine.
Cad"mi*an (?), a. [R.] See
Cadmean.
Cad"mic (?), a. (Chem.)
Pertaining to, derived from, or containing, cadmium; as,
cadmic sulphide.
Cad"mi*um (?), n. [NL. See
Cadmia.] (Chem.) A comparatively rare element
related to zinc, and occurring in some zinc ores. It is a white
metal, both ductile and malleable. Symbol Cd. Atomic weight
111.8. It was discovered by Stromeyer in 1817, who named it from
its association with zinc or zinc ore.
Cadmium yellow, a compound of cadmium
and sulphur, of an intense yellow color, used as a
pigment.
Cad"rans (?), n. [Cf. F.
cadran. Cf. Quadrant.] An instrument with a
graduated disk by means of which the angles of gems are measured
in the process of cutting and polishing.
||Ca"dre (?), n. [F. cadre,
It. quadro square, from L. quadrum, fr.
quatuor four.] (Mil.) The framework or
skeleton upon which a regiment is to be formed; the officers of a
regiment forming the staff. [Written also
cader.]
Ca*du"ca*ry (?), a. [See
Caducous.] (Law) Relating to escheat,
forfeiture, or confiscation.
Ca*du"ce*an (?), a. Of or
belonging to Mercury's caduceus, or wand.
Ca*du"ce*us (?), n. [L.
caduceum, caduceus; akin to Gr. &?; a herald's
wand, fr. &?; herald.] (Myth.) The official staff or
wand of Hermes or Mercury, the messenger of the gods. It was
originally said to be a herald's staff of olive wood, but was
afterwards fabled to have two serpents coiled about it, and two
wings at the top.
Ca*du`ci*bran"chi*ate (?), a. [L.
caducus falling (fr. cadere to fall) + E.
branchiate.] (Zoöl.) With temporary
gills: -- applied to those Amphibia in which the gills do not
remain in adult life.
Ca*du"ci*ty (?), n. [LL.
caducitas: cf. F. caducité. See
Caducous.] Tendency to fall; the feebleness of old
age; senility. [R.]
[A] jumble of youth and caducity.
Chesterfield.
Ca*du"cous (?), [L. caducus falling, inclined
to fall, fr. cadere to fall. See Cadence.] (Bot.
& Zoöl.) Dropping off or disappearing early, as the
calyx of a poppy, or the gills of a tadpole.
Ca*duke" (?), a. [Cf. F.
caduc. See Caducous.] Perishable; frail;
transitory. [Obs.] Hickes.
The caduke pleasures of his world.
Bp. Fisher.
Cad"y (?), n. See
Cadie.
||Cæ"ca (?), n. pl. See
Cæcum.
Cæ"cal (?), a.
(Anat.)
1. Of or pertaining to the cæcum,
or blind gut.
2. Having the form of a cæcum, or
bag with one opening; baglike; as, the cæcal
extremity of a duct.
||Cæ"ci*as (?), n. [L.
caecias, Gr. &?;.] A wind from the northeast.
Milton.
Cæ*cil"i*an (?; 106), n. [L.
caecus blind. So named from the supposed blindness of the
species, the eyes being very minute.] (Zoöl.) A
limbless amphibian belonging to the order
Cæciliæ or Ophimorpha. See
Ophiomorpha. [Written also
cœcilian.]
||Cæ"cum (?), n.; pl.
Cæcums, L. Cæca
(#). [L. caecus blind, invisible, concealed.]
(Anat.) (a) A cavity open at one end,
as the blind end of a canal or duct. (b)
The blind part of the large intestine beyond the entrance of
the small intestine; -- called also the blind
gut.
&fist; The cæcum is comparatively small in man,
and ends in a slender portion, the vermiform appendix; but
in herbivorous mammals it is often as large as the rest of the
large intestine. In fishes there are often numerous intestinal
cæca.
Cæ`no*zo"ic (?), a.
(Geol.) See Cenozoic.
Ca"en stone" (?), A cream-colored limestone for
building, found near Caen, France.
Cæ"sar (?), n. [L.] A
Roman emperor, as being the successor of Augustus Cæsar.
Hence, a kaiser, or emperor of Germany, or any emperor or
powerful ruler. See Kaiser, Kesar.
Malborough anticipated the day when he would be
servilely flattered and courted by Cæsar on one side
and by Louis the Great on the other.
Macaulay.
{ Cæ*sa"re*an, Cæ*sa"ri*an (?),
} a. [L. Caesareus, Caesarianus.]
Of or pertaining to Cæsar or the Cæsars;
imperial.
Cæsarean section (Surg.),
the operation of taking a child from the womb by cutting
through the walls of the abdomen and uterus; -- so called because
Julius Cæsar is reported to have been brought into the
world by such an operation.
Cæ"sar*ism (?), n. [Cf. F.
Césarisme.] A system of government in which
unrestricted power is exercised by a single person, to whom, as
Cæsar or emperor, it has been committed by the popular
will; imperialism; also, advocacy or support of such a system of
government.
&fist; This word came into prominence in the time of Napoleon
III., as an expression of the claims and political views of that
emperor, and of the politicians of his court.
Cæ"si*ous (?), a. [L.
caesius bluish gray.] (Nat. Hist.) Of the
color of lavender; pale blue with a slight mixture of gray.
Lindley.
Cæ"si*um (?), n. [NL., from
L. caesius bluish gray.] (Chem.) A rare
alkaline metal found in mineral water; -- so called from the two
characteristic blue lines in its spectrum. It was the first
element discovered by spectrum analysis, and is the most strongly
basic and electro-positive substance known. Symbol Cs. Atomic
weight 132.6.
Cæs"pi*tose` (?), a.
Same as Cespitose.
Cæ*su"ra (?), n.; pl.
E. Cæsuras (&?;), L.
Cæsuræ (&?;) [L. caesura a
cutting off, a division, stop, fr. caedere, caesum,
to cut off. See Concise.] A metrical break in a
verse, occurring in the middle of a foot and commonly near the
middle of the verse; a sense pause in the middle of a foot. Also,
a long syllable on which the cæsural accent rests, or which
is used as a foot.
&fist; In the following line the cæsura is
between study and of.
The prop | er stud | y || of | mankind | is
man.
Cæ*su"ral (?), a. Of or
pertaining to a cæsura.
Cæsural pause, a pause made at a
cæsura.
||Ca`fé" (?), n. [F. See
Coffee.] A coffeehouse; a restaurant; also, a room in
a hotel or restaurant where coffee and liquors are
served.
{ Caf"e*net (?), Caf"e*neh (?), }
n. [Turk. qahveh khāneh
coffeehouse.] A humble inn or house of rest for travelers,
where coffee is sold. [Turkey]
Caf*fe"ic (?), a. [See
Coffee.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or obtained
from, coffee.
Caffeic acid, an acid obtained from
coffee tannin, as a yellow crystalline substance,
C9H8O4.
Caf*fe"ine (?), n. [Cf. F.
caféine. See Coffee.] (Chem.) A
white, bitter, crystallizable substance, obtained from coffee. It
is identical with the alkaloid theine from tea leaves, and
with guaranine from guarana.
Caf`fe*tan"nic (?), a.
[Caffeic + tannic.] (Chem.) Pertaining
to, or derived from, the tannin of coffee.
Caffetannic acid, a variety of tannin
obtained from coffee berries, regarded as a glucoside.
||Caf"fi*la (?), n. [Ar.] See
Cafila.
Caf"fre (?), n. See
Kaffir.
{ ||Ca"fi*la (?), ||Ca"fi*leh (?), }
n. [Ar.] A caravan of travelers; a
military supply train or government caravan; a string of pack
horses.
Caf"tan (?), n. [Turk.
qaftān: cf. F. cafetan.] A garment worn
throughout the Levant, consisting of a long gown with sleeves
reaching below the hands. It is generally fastened by a belt or
sash.
Caf"tan (?), v. t. To clothe
with a caftan. [R.]
The turbaned and caftaned damsel.
Sir W. Scott.
Cag (?), n. See
Keg. [Obs.]
Cage (?), n. [F. cage, fr.
L. cavea cavity, cage, fr. cavus hollow. Cf.
Cave, n., Cajole,
Gabion.]
1. A box or inclosure, wholly or partly
of openwork, in wood or metal, used for confining birds or other
animals.
In his cage, like parrot fine and gay.
Cowper.
2. A place of confinement for
malefactors Shak.
Stone walls do not a prison make,
Nor iron bars a cage.
Lovelace.
3. (Carp.) An outer framework of
timber, inclosing something within it; as, the cage of a
staircase. Gwilt.
4. (Mach.) (a) A
skeleton frame to limit the motion of a loose piece, as a ball
valve. (b) A wirework strainer, used
in connection with pumps and pipes.
5. The box, bucket, or inclosed platform
of a lift or elevator; a cagelike structure moving in a
shaft.
6. (Mining) The drum on which the
rope is wound in a hoisting whim.
7. (Baseball) The catcher's wire
mask.
Cage (kāj), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Caged (kājd);
p. pr. & vb. n. Caging.] To confine
in, or as in, a cage; to shut up or confine. "Caged
and starved to death." Cowper.
Caged (kājd), a.
Confined in, or as in, a cage; like a cage or
prison. "The caged cloister." Shak.
Cage"ling (kāj"l&ibreve;ng),
n. [Cage + -ling] A bird
confined in a cage; esp. a young bird. [Poetic]
Tennyson.
||Ca"git (kā"j&ibreve;t), n.
(Zoöl) A kind of parrot, of a beautiful green
color, found in the Philippine Islands.
Cag"mag (kăg"măg), n.
A tough old goose; hence, coarse, bad food of any
kind. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.
||Ca`got" (k&adot;`g&osl;"), n.
[F.] One of a race inhabiting the valleys of the Pyrenees,
who until 1793 were political and social outcasts (Christian
Pariahs). They are supposed to be a remnant of the
Visigoths.
||Ca`hier" (k&adot;`y&asl;" or
k&adot;`hēr), n. [F., fr. OF.
cayer, fr. LL. quaternum. See Quire of
paper. The sheets of manuscript were folded into parts.]
1. A number of sheets of paper put loosely
together; esp. one of the successive portions of a work printed
in numbers.
2. A memorial of a body; a report of
legislative proceedings, etc.
Ca*hin"cic (?), a. Pertaining
to, or derived from, cahinca, the native name of a species
of Brazilian Chiococca, perhaps C. racemosa; as,
cahincic acid.
Ca*hoot" (?), n. [Perhaps fr. f.
cohorte a company or band.] Partnership; as, to go in
cahoot with a person. [Slang, southwestern U. S.]
Bartlett.
||Cai`ma*cam" (?), n. [Turk.]
The governor of a sanjak or district in Turkey.
Cai"man (?), n. (Zoöl.)
See Cayman.
Cai`no*zo"ic (?), a. (Geol.)
See Cenozic.
||Ca*ïque" (?), n. [F., fr.
Turk. qāīq boat.] (Naut.) A light
skiff or rowboat used on the Bosporus; also, a Levantine vessel
of larger size.
||Ça" i*ra" (?). [F. ça ira,
ça ira, les aristocrates à la lanterne, it
shall go on, it shall go on, [hang]the arictocrats to the lantern
(lamp-post).] The refrain of a famous song of the French
Revolution.
Caird (?), n. [Ir. ceard a
tinker.] A traveling tinker; also a tramp or sturdy
beggar. [Prov. Eng.]
Cairn (?), n. [Gael. carn,
gen. cairn, a heap: cf. Ir. & W. carn.]
1. A rounded or conical heap of stones
erected by early inhabitants of the British Isles, apparently as
a sepulchral monument.
Now here let us place the gray stone of her
cairn.
Campbell.
2. A pile of stones heaped up as a
landmark, or to arrest attention, as in surveying, or in leaving
traces of an exploring party, etc. C. Kingsley.
Kane.
Cairn*gorm"stone` (?). [Gael. carn a cairn +
gorm azure.] (Min.) A yellow or smoky brown
variety of rock crystal, or crystallized quartz, found esp, in
the mountain of Cairngorm, in Scotland.
Cais"son (?), n. [F., fr.
caisse, case, chest. See 1st Case.]
1. (Mil.) (a) A chest
to hold ammunition. (b) A four-wheeled
carriage for conveying ammunition, consisting of two parts, a
body and a limber. In light field batteries there is one caisson
to each piece, having two ammunition boxes on the body, and one
on the limber. Farrow. (c) A
chest filled with explosive materials, to be laid in the way of
an enemy and exploded on his approach.
2. (a) A water-tight box,
of timber or iron within which work is carried on in building
foundations or structures below the water level.
(b) A hollow floating box, usually of iron,
which serves to close the entrances of docks and basins.
(c) A structure, usually with an air
chamber, placed beneath a vessel to lift or float it.
3. (Arch.) A sunk panel of
ceilings or soffits.
Pneumatic caisson (Engin.), a
caisson, closed at the top but open at the bottom, and resting
upon the ground under water. The pressure of air forced into the
caisson keeps the water out. Men and materials are admitted to
the interior through an air lock. See Lock.
Cai"tiff (?), a. [OE.
caitif, cheitif, captive, miserable, OF.
caitif, chaitif, captive, mean, wretched, F.
chétif, fr. L. captivus captive, fr.
capere to take, akin to E. heave. See Heave,
and cf. Captive.] 1. Captive;
wretched; unfortunate. [Obs.] Chaucer.
2. Base; wicked and mean; cowardly;
despicable.
Arnold had sped his caitiff flight.
W. Irving.
Cai"tiff, n. A captive; a
prisoner. [Obs.]
Avarice doth tyrannize over her caitiff and
slave.
Holland.
2. A wretched or unfortunate man.
[Obs.] Chaucer.
3. A mean, despicable person; one whose
character meanness and wickedness meet.
The deep-felt conviction of men that slavery breaks down the
moral character . . . speaks out with . . . distinctness in the
change of meaning which caitiff has undergone signifying
as it now does, one of a base, abject disposition, while there
was a time when it had nothing of this in it. Trench.
Caj"e*put (?), n. See
Cajuput.
Ca*jole" (?), v. i. [imp. &
p. p. Cajoled (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Cajoling.] [F. cajoler, orig., to
chatter like a bird in a cage, to sing; hence, to amuse with idle
talk, to flatter, from the source of OF. goale,
jaiole, F. geôle, dim. of cage a cage.
See Cage, Jail.] To deceive with flattery or
fair words; to wheedle.
I am not about to cajole or flatter you
into a reception of my views.
F. W. Robertson.
Syn. -- To flatter; wheedle; delude; coax; entrap.
Ca*jole"ment (?), n. The act
of cajoling; the state of being cajoled; cajolery.
Coleridge.
Ca*jol"er (?), n. A flatterer;
a wheedler.
Ca*jol"er*y (?), n.; pl.
Cajoleries (&?;). A wheedling to delude;
words used in cajoling; flattery. "Infamous
cajoleries." Evelyn.
Caj"u*put (?), n. [Of Malayan
origin; kāyu tree + pūtih white.]
(Med.) A highly stimulating volatile inflammable oil,
distilled from the leaves of an East Indian tree (Melaleuca
cajuputi, etc.) It is greenish in color and has a
camphoraceous odor and pungent taste.
Caj"u*put*ene` (?), n.
(Chem.) A colorless or greenish oil extracted from
cajuput.
Cake (kāk), n. [OE.
cake, kaak; akin to Dan. kage, Sw. & Icel.
kaka, D. koek, G. kuchen, OHG.
chuocho.]
1. A small mass of dough baked;
especially, a thin loaf from unleavened dough; as, an oatmeal
cake; johnnycake.
2. A sweetened composition of flour and
other ingredients, leavened or unleavened, baked in a loaf or
mass of any size or shape.
3. A thin wafer-shaped mass of fried
batter; a griddlecake or pancake; as buckwheat
cakes.
4. A mass of matter concreted, congealed,
or molded into a solid mass of any form, esp. into a form rather
flat than high; as, a cake of soap; an ague
cake.
Cakes of rusting ice come rolling down the
flood.
Dryden.
Cake urchin (Zoöl), any
species of flat sea urchins belonging to the
Clypeastroidea. -- Oil cake the
refuse of flax seed, cotton seed, or other vegetable substance
from which oil has been expressed, compacted into a solid mass,
and used as food for cattle, for manure, or for other
purposes. -- To have one's cake dough,
to fail or be disappointed in what one has undertaken or
expected. Shak.
Cake, v. i. To form into a
cake, or mass.
Cake, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Caked (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Caking.] To concrete or consolidate into a hard mass,
as dough in an oven; to coagulate.
Clotted blood that caked within.
Addison.
Cake, v. i. To cackle as a
goose. [Prov. Eng.]
Cak"ing coal` (?). See Coal.
Cal (?), n. (Cornish Mines)
Wolfram, an ore of tungsten. Simmonds.
Cal"a*bar (?), n. A district
on the west coast of Africa.
Calabar bean, The of a climbing
legumious plant (Physostigma venenosum), a native of
tropical Africa. It is highly poisonous. It is used to produce
contraction of the pupil of the eye; also in tetanus, neuralgia,
and rheumatic diseases; -- called also ordeal bean, being
used by the negroes in trials for witchcraft.
Cal"a*bar*ine (?), n.
(Chem.) An alkaloid resembling physostigmine and
occurring with it in the calabar bean.
Cal"a*bash (kăl"&adot;*băsh),
n. [Sp. calabaza, or Pg.
calabaça, cabaça (cf. F.
Calebasse), lit., a dry gourd, fr. Ar. qar', fem.,
a kind of gourd + aibas dry.] 1. The
common gourd (plant or fruit).
2. The fruit of the calabash
tree.
3. A water dipper, bottle, bascket, or
other utensil, made from the dry shell of a calabash or
gourd.
Calabash tree. (Bot.), a tree of
tropical America (Crescentia cujete), producing a large
gourdlike fruit, containing a purgative pulp. Its hard shell,
after the removal of the pulp, is used for cups, bottles, etc.
The African calabash tree is the baobab.
Cal`a*boose" (?), n. [A corruption
of Sp. calabozo dungeon.] A prison; a jail.
[Local, U. S.]
||Ca*lade" (?), n. [F.] A
slope or declivity in a manege ground down which a horse is made
to gallop, to give suppleness to his haunches.
||Ca*la"di*um (?), n. [NL.] A
genus of aroideous plants, of which some species are cultivated
for their immense leaves (which are often curiously blotched with
white and red), and others (in Polynesia) for food.
Cal"a*ite (kăl`&asl;*īt),
n. [L. callaïs, Gr.
ka`lai:s, ka`llai:s; cf. F.
calaïte.] A mineral. See
Turquoise.
Cal`a*man"co
(kăl`&adot;*mă&nsm;"k&osl;), n.
[LL. calamancus, calamacus; cf. camelaucum;
a head covering made of camel's hair, NGr.
kamelay`kion, and F. calmande a woolen stuff.]
A glossy woolen stuff, plain, striped, or checked. "A
gay calamanco waistcoat." Tatler.
Cal"a*man`der wood
(kăl"&adot;*măn`d&etilde;r w&oocr;d`). A
valuable furniture wood from India and Ceylon, of a hazel-brown
color, with black stripes, very hard in texture. It is a species
of ebony, and is obtained from the Diospyros
quæsita. Called also Coromandel wood.
{ Cal"a*mar (kăl"&adot;*mär),
Cal"a*ma*ry, (-m&asl;*r&ybreve;r)} n.
[LL. calamarium inkstand, fr. L. calamus a reed
pen: cf. F. calmar, calemar, pen case, calamar.]
(Zoöl.) A cephalopod, belonging to the genus
Loligo and related genera. There are many species. They
have a sack of inklike fluid which they discharge from the siphon
tube, when pursued or alarmed, in order to confuse their enemies.
Their shell is a thin horny plate, within the flesh of the back,
shaped very much like a quill pen. In America they are called
squids. See Squid.
Cal"am*bac (kăl"ăm*băk),
n. [F. calambac, calambour, from
Malay Kalambaq a king of fragrant wood.] (Bot.)
A fragrant wood; agalloch.
Cal"am*bour (kăl"ăm*b&oomac;r),
n. [See Calambac.] A species of
agalloch, or aloes wood, of a dusky or mottled color, of a light,
friable texture, and less fragrant than calambac; -- used by
cabinetmakers.
Cal`a*mif"er*ous (?), a. [L.
calamus reed + ferous.] Producing reeds;
reedy.
Cal"a*mine (kăl"&adot;*mīn or -
m&ibreve;n), n. [F. calamine, LL.
calamina, fr. L. Cadmia. See Cadmia.]
(min.) A mineral, the hydrous silicate of
zinc.
&fist; The name was formerly applied to both the carbonate and
silicate of zinc each of which is valuabic as an ore; but it is
now usually restricted to the latter, the former being called
smithsonite.
Cal"a*mint (-m&ibreve;nt), n. [OE.
calamint, calemente (cf. F. calament) fr. L.
calamintha, Gr. kalami`nqh,
kala`minqos. See 1st Mint.] (Bot.)
A genus of perennial plants (Calamintha) of the Mint
family, esp. the C. Nepeta and C. Acinos, which are
called also basil thyme.
Cal"a*mist (-m&ibreve;st), n. [L.
calamus a reed.] One who plays upon a reed or
pipe. [Obs.] Blount.
Cal`a*mis"trate (-m&ibreve;s"trāt), v.
i. [L. calamistratus, curled with the curling
iron, fr. calamistrum curling iron, fr. calamus a
reed.] To curl or friz, as the hair. [Obs.]
Cotgrave.
Cal`a*mis*tra"tion
(kăl`&adot;*m&ibreve;s*trā"shŭn),
n. The act or process of curling the
hair. [Obs.] Burton.
||Cal`a*mis"trum (?), n. [L., a
curling iron.] (Zoöl.) A comblike structure on
the metatarsus of the hind legs of certain spiders
(Ciniflonidæ), used to curl certain fibers in the
construction of their webs.
Cal"a*mite (?), n. [L.
calamus a reed: cf. F. calamite.] (Paleon.)
A fossil plant of the coal formation, having the general
form of plants of the modern Equiseta (the Horsetail or
Scouring Rush family) but sometimes attaining the height of
trees, and having the stem more or less woody within. See
Acrogen, and Asterophyllite.
Ca*lam"i*tous (?), a. [L.
Calamitosus; cf. F. calamiteux.]
1. Suffering calamity; wretched;
miserable. [Obs.]
Ten thousands of calamitous persons.
South.
2. Producing, or attended with distress
and misery; making wretched; wretched; unhappy. "This sad
and calamitous condition." South. "A
calamitous prison" Milton.
Syn. -- Miserable; deplorable; distressful; afflictive;
wretched; grievous; baleful; disastrous; adverse; unhappy;
severe; sad; unfortunate.
-- Ca*lam"i*tous*ly, adv. --
Ca*lam"i*tous*ness, n.
Ca*lam"i*ty (?) n.; pl.
Calamities (#). [L. calamitas, akin to
in-columis unharmed: cf. F. calamité]
1. Any great misfortune or cause of misery;
-- generally applied to events or disasters which produce
extensive evil, either to communities or individuals.
The word calamity was first derived from calamus
when the corn could not get out of the stalk. Bacon.
Strokes of calamity that scathe and scorch
the soul.
W. Irving.
2. A state or time of distress or
misfortune; misery.
The deliberations of calamity are rarely
wise.
Burke.
Where'er I came I brought calamity.
Tennyson.
Syn. -- Disaster; distress; affliction; adversity;
misfortune; unhappiness; infelicity; mishap; mischance; misery;
evil; extremity; exigency; downfall. -- Calamity,
Disaster, Misfortune, Mishap,
Mischance. Of these words, calamity is the
strongest. It supposes a somewhat continuous state, produced not
usually by the direct agency of man, but by natural causes, such
as fire, flood, tempest, disease, etc, Disaster denotes
literally ill-starred, and is some unforeseen and
distressing event which comes suddenly upon us, as if from
hostile planet. Misfortune is often due to no specific
cause; it is simply the bad fortune of an individual; a link in
the chain of events; an evil independent of his own conduct, and
not to be charged as a fault. Mischance and mishap
are misfortunes of a trivial nature, occurring usually to
individuals. "A calamity is either public or private, but
more frequently the former; a disaster is rather
particular than private; it affects things rather than persons;
journey, expedition, and military movements are often attended
with disasters; misfortunes are usually personal;
they immediately affect the interests of the individual."
Crabb.
Cal"a*mus (?), n.; pl.
Calami (#). [L., a reed. See Halm.]
1. (Bot.) The indian cane, a plant of
the Palm family. It furnishes the common rattan. See
Rattan, and Dragon's blood.
2. (Bot.) A species of
Acorus (A. calamus), commonly called
calamus, or sweet flag. The root has a pungent,
aromatic taste, and is used in medicine as a stomachic; the
leaves have an aromatic odor, and were formerly used instead of
rushes to strew on floors.
3. (Zoöl.) The horny basal
portion of a feather; the barrel or quill.
||Ca*lan"do (?), a. [It.]
(Mus.) Gradually diminishing in rapidity and
loudness.
Ca*lash" (?), n. [F.
calèche; of Slavonic origin; cf. Bohem.
kolesa, Russ. koliaska calash, koleso,
kolo, wheel.] 1. A light carriage
with low wheels, having a top or hood that can be raised or
lowered, seats for inside, a separate seat for the driver, and
often a movable front, so that it can be used as either an open
or a close carriage.
The baroness in a calash capable of holding
herself, her two children, and her servants.
W. Irving.
2. In Canada, a two-wheeled, one-seated
vehicle, with a calash top, and the driver's seat elevated in
front.
3. A hood or top of a carriage which can
be thrown back at pleasure.
4. A hood, formerly worn by ladies, which
could be drawn forward or thrown back like the top of a
carriage.
Ca`la*ve"rite (&?;), n.
(Min.) A bronze-yellow massive mineral with metallic
luster; a telluride of gold; -- first found in Calaveras
County California.
Cal*ca"ne*al (?), a. (Anal.)
Pertaining to the calcaneum; as, calcaneal
arteries.
||Cal*ca"ne*um (?) n.; pl.
E. -neums, L. -nea. [L. the
heel, fr. calx, calcis, the heel.] (Anal.)
One of the bones of the tarsus which in man, forms the great
bone of the heel; -- called also fibulare.
Cal"car (?), n. [L. calcaria
lime kiln, fr. calx, calcis, lime. See
Calx.] (Glass manuf.) A kind of oven, or
reverberatory furnace, used for the calcination of sand and
potash, and converting them into frit. Ure.
||Cal"car, n.; L. pl.
Calcaria (#). [L., a spur, as worn on the heel,
also the spur of a cock, fr. calx, calcis, the
heel.] 1. (Bot.) A hollow tube or
spur at the base of a petal or corolla.
2. (Zoöl.) A slender bony
process from the ankle joint of bats, which helps to support the
posterior part of the web, in flight.
3. (Anat.) (a) A
spur, or spurlike prominence. (b) A
curved ridge in the floor of the leteral ventricle of the brain;
the calcar avis, hippocampus minor, or
ergot.
{ Cal"ca*rate (?), Cal"ca*ra`ted (?), }
a. [LL. calcaratus, fr. L.
calcar. See 2d Calcar.]
1. (Bot.) Having a spur, as the
flower of the toadflax and larkspur; spurred.
Gray.
2. (Zoöl.) Armed with a
spur.
Cal*ca"re*o-ar`gil*la"ceous (?), a.
consisting of, or containing, calcareous and argillaceous
earths.
Cal*ca"re*o-bi*tu"mi*nous (?), a.
Consisting of, or containing, lime and bitumen.
Lyell.
Cal*ca"re*o-si*li"ceous (?),
a.Consisting of, or containing calcareous
and siliceous earths.
Cal*ca"re*ous (?), a. [L.
calcarius pertaining to lime. See Calx.]
Partaking of the nature of calcite or calcium carbonate;
consisting of, or containing, calcium carbonate or carbonate of
lime.
Calcareous spar. See as
Calcite.
Cal*ca"re*ous*ness, n. Quality
of being calcareous.
Cal`ca*rif"er*ous (?), a. [L.
calcarius of lime + ferous.] Lime-yielding;
calciferous
Cal"ca*rine (?), a. (Anat.)
Pertaining to, or situated near, the calcar of the
brain.
Cal`ca*vel"la (?), n. A sweet
wine from Portugal; -- so called from the district of
Carcavelhos. [Written also Calcavellos or
Carcavelhos.]
Cal"ce*a`ted (?), a. [L.
calceatus, p. p. of pelceare to ahoe, fr.
catceus shoe, fr. calx, calcic,
heel.] Fitted with, or wearing, shoes.
Johnson.
Calced (?), a. [See
Calceated.] Wearing shoes; calceated; -- in
distintion from discalced or barefooted; as the
calced Carmelites.
Cal"ce*don (?), n. [See
Chalcedony.] A foul vein, like chalcedony, in some
precious stones.
{ Cal`ce*don"ic (?), Cal`ce*do"ni*an, }
a. See Chalcedonic.
Cal"ce*i*form`
(kăl"s&esl;*&ibreve;*fôrm`), a.
[L. calceus shoe + -form.] (Bot.)
Shaped like a slipper, as one petal of the lady's-slipper;
calceolate.
||cal`ce*o*la"ri*a
(kăl`s&esl;*&osl;*lā"r&ibreve;*&adot;),
n. [NL., fr. L. calceolarius shoemaker,
fr. calceolus, a dim. of calceus shoe.]
(Bot.) A genus of showy herbaceous or shrubby plants,
brought from South America; slipperwort. It has a yellow or
purple flower, often spotted or striped, the shape of which
suggests its name.
Cal"ce*o*late (?), a. [See
Calceolaria.] Slipper-ahaped. See
Calceiform.
||Cal"ces (?), n. pl. See
Calx.
Cal"cic (?), a. [L. calx,
calcis, lime: cf. F. calcique.] (Chem.)
Pertaining to, derived from, or containing, calcium or
lime.
Cal*cif"er*ous (?), a. [L.
calx, calcis, lime + -ferous.] Bearing,
producing, or containing calcite, or carbonate of lime.
Calciferous epoch (Geol.), an
epoch in the American lower Silurian system, immediately
succeeding the Cambrian period. The name alludes to the peculiar
mixture of calcareous and siliceous characteristics in many of
the beds. See the Diagram under Geology.
Cal*cif"ic (?), a.
Calciferous. Specifically: (Zoöl.) of or
pertaining to the portion of the oviduct which forms the eggshell
in birds and reptiles. Huxley.
Cal`ci*fi*ca"tion
(kăl`s&ibreve;*f&ibreve;*kā"shŭn),
n. (Physiol.) The process of change
into a stony or calcareous substance by the deposition of lime
salt; -- normally, as in the formation of bone and of teeth;
abnormally, as in calcareous degeneration of tissue.
Cal"ci*fied (kăl"s&ibreve;*fīd),
a. Consisting of, or containing,
calcareous matter or lime salts; calcareous.
Cal"ci*form (kăl"s&ibreve;*fôrm),
a. [L. calx, calcis, lime + -
form.] In the form of chalk or lime.
Cal"ci*fy (kăl"s&ibreve;*fī), v.
t. [imp. & p. p. Calcified (-
fīd); p. pr. & vb. n. Calcifying.]
[L. calx, calcis, lime + -fy.] To make
stony or calcareous by the deposit or secretion of salts of
lime.
Cal"ci*fy, v. i. To become
changed into a stony or calcareous condition, in which lime is a
principal ingredient, as in the formation of teeth.
Cal*cig"e*nous (?), a. [L.
calx, calcis, lime + -genouse.]
(Chem.) Tending to form, or to become, a calx or
earthlike substance on being oxidized or burnt; as magnesium,
calcium. etc.
Cal*cig"er*ous (?), a. [L.
calx, calcis, lime + -gerouse.]
Holding lime or other earthy salts; as, the
calcigerous cells of the teeth.
Cal"ci*mine (?), n. [L.
calx, calcis, lime.] A white or colored wash
for the ceiling or other plastering of a room, consisting of a
mixture of clear glue, Paris white or zinc white, and
water. [Also spelt kalsomine.]
Cal"ci*mine, v. t. [imp.
&p. p. Calcimined (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Calcimining.] To wash or cover with
calcimine; as, to calcimine walls.
Cal"ci*mi`ner (?), n. One who
calcimines.
Cal*cin"a*ble (?), a. That may
be calcined; as, a calcinable fossil.
Cal"ci*nate (?), v. i. To
calcine. [R.]
Cal`ci*na"tion
(kăl`s&ibreve;*nā"shŭn), n.
[F. calcination.]
1. (Chem.) The act or process of
disintegrating a substance, or rendering it friable by the action
of heat, esp. by the expulsion of some volatile matter, as when
carbonic and acid is expelled from carbonate of calcium in the
burning of limestone in order to make lime.
2. The act or process of reducing a metal
to an oxide or metallic calx; oxidation.
Cal*cin"a*to*ry (?), n. A
vessel used in calcination.
Cal*cine" (?), v. i. [imp.
& p. p. Calciden (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Calcining.] [F. calciner, fr. L.
calx, calcis, lime. See Calx.]
1. To reduce to a powder, or to a friable
state, by the action of heat; to expel volatile matter from by
means of heat, as carbonic acid from limestone, and thus
(usually) to produce disintegration; as to, calcine
bones.
2. To oxidize, as a metal by the action
of heat; to reduce to a metallic calx.
Cal*cine", v. i. To be
converted into a powder or friable substance, or into a calx, by
the action of heat. "Calcining without fusion"
Newton.
Cal*cin"er (?), n. One who, or
that which, calcines.
||Cal`ci*spon"gi*æ (?), n.
pl. [NL., fr. L. calx, calcis, lime +
spongia a sponge.] (Zoöl.) An order of
marine sponges, containing calcareous spicules. See
Porifera.
Cal"cite (kăl"sīt), n.
[L. calx, calcis, lime.] (Min.) Calcium
carbonate, or carbonate of lime. It is rhombohedral in its
crystallization, and thus distinguished from aragonite. It
includes common limestone, chalk, and marble. Called also
calc-spar and calcareous spar.
&fist; Argentine is a pearly lamellar variety;
aphrite is foliated or chalklike; dogtooth spar, a
form in acute rhombohedral or scalenohedral crystals; calc-
sinter and calc-tufa are lose or porous varieties
formed in caverns or wet grounds from calcareous deposits;
agaric mineral is a soft, white friable variety of similar
origin; stalaclite and stalagmite are varieties
formed from the drillings in caverns. Iceland spar is a
transparent variety, exhibiting the strong double refraction of
the species, and hence is called doubly refracting
spar.
Cal"ci*trant (?), a. [L.
calcitrans, p. pr. of calcitrare to kick, fr.
calx, calcis , heel.] Kicking. Hence:
Stubborn; refractory.
Cal"ci*trate (?), v. i. & i. [L.
calcitratus, p. p. of calcitrare. See
Calcitrant.] To kick.
Cal`ci*tra"tion (-trā"shŭn),
n. Act of kicking.
Cal"ci*um (kăl"s&ibreve;*ŭm),
n. [NL., from L. calx, calcis,
lime; cf F. calcium. See Calx.] (Chem.)
An elementary substance; a metal which combined with oxygen
forms lime. It is of a pale yellow color, tenacious, and
malleable. It is a member of the alkaline earth group of
elements. Atomic weight 40. Symbol Ca.
&fist; Calcium is widely and abundantly disseminated,
as in its compounds calcium carbonate or limestone,
calcium sulphate or gypsum, calcium fluoride or
fluor spar, calcium phosphate or apatite.
Calcium light, an intense light produced
by the incandescence of a stick or ball of lime in the flame of a
combination of oxygen and hydrogen gases, or of oxygen and coal
gas; -- called also Drummond light.
Cal*civ"o*rous (?), a. [L.
calx lime + vorare to devour.] Eroding, or
eating into, limestone.
Cal*cog"ra*pher (?), n. One
who practices calcography.
{ Cal`co*graph"ic (?), Cal`co*graph"ic*al, }
a. Relating to, or in the style of,
calcography.
Cal*cog"ra*phy (?), n. [L.
calx, calcis, lime, chalk + -graphy.]
The art of drawing with chalk.
Calc"-sin`ter (?), n. [G.
kalk (L. calx, calcis) lime + E.
sinter.] See under Calcite.
Calc"-spar` (?), n. [G. kalk
(L. calx) lime E. spar.] Same as
Calcite.
Calc"-tu`fa (?), n. [G. kalk
(l. calx) lime + E. tufa.] See under
Calcite.
Cal"cu*la*ble (?), a. [Cf. F.
calculable.] That may be calculated or ascertained by
calculation.
Cal"cu*la*ry (?), a. [L.
calculus a pebble, a calculus; cf calcularius
pertaining to calculation.] (Med.) Of or pertaining
to calculi.
Cal"cu*la*ry, n. A congeries
of little stony knots found in the pulp of the pear and other
fruits.
Cal"cu*late (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Calculater (?); p.
pr. & vb. n. Calculating (?).] [L,
calculatus, p. p. of calculate, fr. calculus
a pebble, a stone used in reckoning; hence, a reckoning, fr.
calx, calcis, a stone used in gaming, limestone.
See Calx.] 1. To ascertain or
determine by mathematical processes, usually by the ordinary
rules of arithmetic; to reckon up; to estimate; to
compute.
A calencar exacity calculated than any
othe.
North.
2. To ascertain or predict by
mathematical or astrological computations the time,
circumstances, or other conditions of; to forecast or compute the
character or consequences of; as, to calculate or cast
one's nativity.
A cunning man did calculate my birth.
Shak.
3. To adjust for purpose; to adapt by
forethought or calculation; to fit or prepare by the adaptation
of means to an end; as, to calculate a system of laws for
the government and protection of a free people.
[Religion] is . . . calculated for our
benefit.
Abp. Tillotson.
4. To plan; to expect; to think.
[Local, U. S.]
Syn. -- To compute; reckon; count; estimate; rate. --
To Calculate, Compute. Reckon, Count.
These words indicate the means by which we arrive at a given
result in regard to quantity. We calculate with a view to
obtain a certain point of knowledge; as, to calculate an
eclipse. We compute by combining given numbers, in order
to learn the grand result. We reckon and count in
carrying out the details of a computation. These words are also
used in a secondary and figurative sense. "Calculate is
rather a conjection from what is, as to what may be;
computation is a rational estimate of what has been, from
what is; reckoning is a conclusive conviction, a pleasing
assurance that a thing will happen; counting indicates an
expectation. We calculate on a gain; we compute any
loss sustained, or the amount of any mischief done; we
reckon on a promised pleasure; we count the hours
and minutes until the time of enjoyment arrives"
Crabb.
Cal"cu*late (?), v. i. To make
a calculation; to forecast consequences; to estimate; to
compute.
The strong passions, whether good or bad, never
calculate.
F. W. Robertson.
Cal"cu*la`ted (?), p. p. & a.
1. Worked out by calculation; as
calculated tables for computing interest; ascertained or
conjectured as a result of calculation; as, the calculated
place of a planet; the calculated velocity of a cannon
ball.
2. Adapted by calculation, contrivance.
or forethought to accomplish a purpose; as, to use arts
calculated to deceive the people.
3. Likely to produce a certain effect,
whether intended or not; fitted; adapted; suited.
The only danger that attends multiplicity of
publication is, that some of them may be calculated to
injure rather than benefit society.
Goldsmith.
The minister, on the other hand, had never gone
through an experience calculated to lead him beyond the
scope of generally received laws
.
Hawthorne.
Cal"cu*la`ting (?), a.
1. Of or pertaining to mathematical
calculations; performing or able to perform mathematical
calculations.
2. Given to contrivance or forethought;
forecasting; scheming; as, a cool calculating
disposition.
Calculating machine, a machine for the
mechanical performance of mathematical operations, for the most
part invented by Charles Babbage and G. and E. Scheutz. It
computes logarithmic and other mathematical tables of a high
degree of intricacy, imprinting the results on a leaden plate,
from which a stereotype plate is then directly made.
Cal"cu*la`ting, n. The act or
process of making mathematical computations or of estimating
results.
Cal`cu*la"tion (-lā"shŭn),
n. [OE. calculation, fr. L.
calculatio; cf. OF. calcucation.]
1. The act or process, or the result, of
calculating; computation; reckoning, estimate. "The
calculation of eclipses." Nichol.
The mountain is not so his calculation
makes it.
Boyle.
2. An expectation based on
circumstances.
The lazy gossips of the port,
Abhorrent of a calculation crost,
Began to chafe as at a personal wrong.
Tennyson.
Cal"cu*la*tive (?), a. Of or
pertaining to calculation; involving calculation.
Long habits of calculative dealings.
Burke.
Cal"cu*la*tor (?), n. [L.: cf. F.
calculateur.] One who computes or reckons: one who
estimates or considers the force and effect of causes, with a
view to form a correct estimate of the effects.
Ambition is no exact calculator.
Burke.
Cal"cu*la*to*ry (?), a. [L.
calculatorius.] Belonging to calculation.
Sherwood.
Cal"cule (?), n. [F. calcul,
fr. L. calculus. See Calculus.] Reckoning;
computation. [Obs.] Howell.
Cal"cule, v. i. To
calculate [Obs.] Chaucer.
Cal"cu*li (?), n. pl. See
Calculus.
Cal"cu*lous (?), a. [L.
calculosus.] 1. Of the nature of a
calculus; like stone; gritty; as, a calculous
concretion. Sir T. Browne.
2. Caused, or characterized, by the
presence of a calculus or calculi; a, a calculous
disorder; affected with gravel or stone; as, a calculous
person.
Cal"cu*lus (?), n.; pl.
Calculi (#). [L, calculus. See
Calculate, and Calcule.] 1.
(Med.) Any solid concretion, formed in any part of
the body, but most frequent in the organs that act as reservoirs,
and in the passages connected with them; as, biliary
calculi; urinary calculi, etc.
2. (Math.) A method of
computation; any process of reasoning by the use of symbols; any
branch of mathematics that may involve calculation.
Barycentric calculus, a method of
treating geometry by defining a point as the center of gravity of
certain other points to which coëfficients or weights are
ascribed. -- Calculus of functions,
that branch of mathematics which treats of the forms of
functions that shall satisfy given conditions. --
Calculus of operations, that branch of
mathematical logic that treats of all operations that satisfy
given conditions. -- Calculus of
probabilities, the science that treats of the
computation of the probabilities of events, or the application of
numbers to chance. -- Calculus of
variations, a branch of mathematics in which the
laws of dependence which bind the variable quantities together
are themselves subject to change. -- Differential
calculus, a method of investigating mathematical
questions by using the ratio of certain indefinitely small
quantities called differentials. The problems are
primarily of this form: to find how the change in some variable
quantity alters at each instant the value of a quantity dependent
upon it. -- Exponential calculus, that
part of algebra which treats of exponents. --
Imaginary calculus, a method of
investigating the relations of real or imaginary quantities by
the use of the imaginary symbols and quantities of algebra.
-- Integral calculus, a method which in the
reverse of the differential, the primary object of which is to
learn from the known ratio of the indefinitely small changes of
two or more magnitudes, the relation of the magnitudes
themselves, or, in other words, from having the differential of
an algebraic expression to find the expression itself.
Cal"dron (k&add;l"drŭn), n.
[OE. caldron, caudron, caudroun, OF.
caudron, chauderon, F. chaudron, an aug. of
F. chaudière, LL. caldaria, fr. L.
caldarius suitable for warming, fr. caldus,
calidus, warm, fr. calere to be warm; cf. Skr.
çrā to boil. Cf. Chaldron,
Calaric, Caudle.] A large kettle or boiler of
copper, brass, or iron. [Written also cauldron.]
"Caldrons of boiling oil." Prescott.
||Ca*lèche" (k&adot;*lāsh"),
n. [F. calèche.] See
Calash.
Cal`e*do"ni*a (?), n. The
ancient Latin name of Scotland; -- still used in
poetry.
Cal`e*do"ni*an (?), a. Of or
pertaining to Caledonia or Scotland; Scottish; Scotch. --
n. A native or inhabitant of Caledonia or
Scotland.
Ca*led"o*nite (?), n. (Min.)
A hydrous sulphate of copper and lead, found in some parts
of Caledonia or Scotland.
Cal`e*fa"cient (?), a. [L.
calefaciens p. pr. of calefacere to make warm;
calere to be warm + facere to make.] Making
warm; heating. [R.]
Cal`e*fa"cient, n. A substance
that excites warmth in the parts to which it is applied, as
mustard.
Cal`e*fac"tion (?), n. [L.
calefactio: cf. F. caléfaction.]
1. The act of warming or heating; the
production of heat in a body by the action of fire, or by
communication of heat from other bodies.
2. The state of being heated.
Cal`e*fac"tive (?), a. See
Calefactory. [R.]
Cal`e*fac"tor (?), n. A
heater; one who, or that which, makes hot, as a stove,
etc.
Cal`e*fac"to*ry (?), a. [L.
calefactorius.] Making hot; producing or
communicating heat.
Cal`e*fac"to*ry, n.
1. (Eccl.) An apartment in a
monastery, warmed and used as a sitting room.
2. A hollow sphere of metal, filled with
hot water, or a chafing dish, placed on the altar in cold weather
for the priest to warm his hands with.
Cal"e*fy (?), v. i. [imp. &
p. p. Calefied (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Calefying.] [L. calere to be warm +
-fy] To make warm or hot.
Cal"e*fy, v. i. To grow hot or
warm. Sir T. Browne.
||Cal"em*bour` (?), n. [F.] A
pun.
Cal"en*dar (?), n. [OE.
kalender, calender, fr. L. kalendarium an
interest or account book (cf. F. calendrier, OF.
calendier) fr. L. calendue, kalendae,
calends. See Calends.] 1. An orderly
arrangement of the division of time, adapted to the purposes of
civil life, as years, months, weeks, and days; also, a register
of the year with its divisions; an almanac.
2. (Eccl.) A tabular statement of
the dates of feasts, offices, saints' days, etc., esp. of those
which are liable to change yearly according to the varying date
of Easter.
3. An orderly list or enumeration of
persons, things, or events; a schedule; as, a calendar of
state papers; a calendar of bills presented in a
legislative assembly; a calendar of causes arranged for
trial in court; a calendar of a college or an
academy.
Shepherds of people had need know the calendars of
tempests of state. Bacon.
Calendar clock, one that shows the days
of the week and month. -- Calendar month.
See under Month. -- French Republican
calendar. See under Vendémiaire.
-- Gregorian calendar, Julian
calendar, Perpetual calendar. See
under Gregorian, Julian, and
Perpetual.
Cal"en*dar, v. t. [imp. &
p. p. Calendared (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Calendaring.] To enter or write in a
calendar; to register. Waterhouse.
Cal`en*da"ri*al (?), a. Of or
pertaining to the calendar or a calendar.
Cal"en*da*ry (?), a.
Calendarial. [Obs.]
Cal"en*der (?), n. [F.
calandre, LL. calendra, corrupted fr. L.
cylindrus a cylinder, Gr. &?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;. See
Cylinider.] 1. A machine, used for
the purpose of giving cloth, paper, etc., a smooth, even, and
glossy or glazed surface, by cold or hot pressure, or for
watering them and giving them a wavy appearance. It consists of
two or more cylinders revolving nearly in contact, with the
necessary apparatus for moving and regulating.
2. One who pursues the business of
calendering.
My good friend the calender.
Cawper.
Cal"en*der (?), v. i. [imp.
& p. p. Calendered (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Calendering.] [Cf. F. calandrer. See
Calender, n.] To press between
rollers for the purpose of making smooth and glossy, or wavy, as
woolen and silk stuffs, linens, paper, etc.
Ure.
Cal"en*der, n. [Per.
qalender.] One of a sect or order of fantastically
dressed or painted dervishes.
Cal`en*dog"ra*pher (?), n.
[Calendar + -graph + er.] One who makes
calendars. [R.]
Cal"en*drer (?), n. A person
who calenders cloth; a calender.
{ Ca*len"dric (?), Ca*len"dric*al (?), }
a., Of or pertaining to a
calendar.
Cal"ends (?), n. pl. [OE.
kalendes month, calends, AS. calend month, fr. L.
calendae; akin to calare to call, proclaim, Gr.
&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;. CF. Claim.] The first day of each
month in the ancient Roman calendar. [Written also
kalends.]
The Greek calends, a time that will
never come, as the Greeks had no calends.
||Ca*len"du*la (?), n. [NL., fr. L.
calendae calends.] (Bot.) A genus of composite
herbaceous plants. One species, Calendula officinalis, is
the common marigold, and was supposed to blossom on the calends
of every month, whence the name.
Ca*len"du*lin (?), n.
(Chem.) A gummy or mucilaginous tasteless substance
obtained from the marigold or calendula, and analogous to
bassorin.
Cal"en*ture (?), n. [F.
calenture, fr. Sp. calenture heat, fever, fr.
calentar to heat, fr. p. pr. of L. calere to be
warm.] (Med.) A name formerly given to various
fevers occuring in tropics; esp. to a form of furious delirium
accompanied by fever, among sailors, which sometimes led the
affected person to imagine the sea to be a green field, and to
throw himself into it.
Cal"en*ture, v. i. To see as
in the delirium of one affected with calenture.
[Poetic]
Hath fed on pageants floating through the air
Or calentures in depths of limpid flood.
Wordsworth.
Ca*les"cence (?), n. [L.
calescens, p. pr. of calescere, incho. of
calere to be warm.] Growing warmth; increasing
heat.
Calf (?), n.; pl.
Calves (#). [OE. calf, kelf, AS.
cealf; akin to D. kalf, G. kalb, Icel.
kālfr, Sw. kalf, Dan. kalv, Goth.
kalbō; cf. Skr. garbha fetus, young, Gr.
&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;, Skr grabh to seize, conceive, Ir.
colpa, colpach, a calf. √222.]
1. The young of the cow, or of the Bovine
family of quadrupeds. Also, the young of some other mammals, as
of the elephant, rhinoceros, hippopotamus, and whale.
2. Leather made of the skin of the calf;
especially, a fine, light-colored leather used in bookbinding;
as, to bind books in calf.
3. An awkward or silly boy or young man;
any silly person; a dolt. [Colloq.]
Some silly, doting, brainless calf.
Drayton.
4. A small island near a larger; as, the
Calf of Man.
5. A small mass of ice set free from the
submerged part of a glacier or berg, and rising to the
surface. Kane.
6. [Cf. Icel. kālfi.] The
fleshy hinder part of the leg below the knee.
Calf's-foot jelly, jelly made from the
feet of calves. The gelatinous matter of the feet is extracted by
boiling, and is flavored with sugar, essences, etc.
Calf"skin` (?), n. The hide or
skin of a calf; or leather made of the skin.
||Ca"li (?), n. (Hindoo
Myth.) The tenth avatar or incarnation of the god
Vishnu. [Written also Kali.]
{ Cal"i*ber, Cal"ibre } (?),
n. [F. calibre, perh. fr. L.
qualibra of what pound, of what weight; hence, of what
size, applied first to a ball or bullet; cf. also Ar.
qālib model, mold. Cf. Calipers,
Calivere.]
1. (Gunnery) The diameter of the
bore, as a cannon or other firearm, or of any tube; or the weight
or size of the projectile which a firearm will carry; as, an 8
inch gun, a 12-pounder, a 44 caliber.
The caliber of empty tubes.
Reid.
A battery composed of three guns of small
caliber.
Prescott.
&fist; The caliber of firearms is expressed in various
ways. Cannon are often designated by the weight of a solid
spherical shot that will fit the bore; as, a 12-pounder; pieces
of ordnance that project shell or hollow shot are designated by
the diameter of their bore; as, a 12 inch mortar or a 14 inch
shell gun; small arms are designated by hundredths of an inch
expressed decimally; as, a rifle of .44 inch caliber.
2. The diameter of round or cylindrical
body, as of a bullet or column.
3. Fig.: Capacity or compass of
mind. Burke.
Caliber compasses. See
Calipers. -- Caliber rule, a
gunner's calipers, an instrument having two scales arranged to
determine a ball's weight from its diameter, and conversely.
-- A ship's caliber, the weight of her
armament.
Cal"i*brate (?), v. i. To
ascertain the caliber of, as of a thermometer tube; also, more
generally, to determine or rectify the graduation of, as of the
various standards or graduated instruments.
Cal`ibra"*tion (?), n. The
process of estimating the caliber a tube, as of a thermometer
tube, in order to graduate it to a scale of degrees; also, more
generally, the determination of the true value of the spaces in
any graduated instrument.
Cal"ice (?), n. [See
Calice.] See Chalice.
Cal"i*cle (?), n. [L.
caliculus a small cup, dim. of calicis, a cup. Cf
Calycle.] (Zoöl.) (a) One
of the small cuplike cavities, often with elevated borders,
covering the surface of most corals. Each is formed by a polyp.
(b) One of the cuplike structures inclosing the
zooids of certain hydroids. See Campanularian.
[Written also calycle. See Calycle.]
Cal"i*co (?), n.; pl.
Calicoes (#). [So called because first imported
from Calicut, in the East Indies: cf. F. calicot.]
1. Plain white cloth made from cotton, but
which receives distinctive names according to quality and use,
as, super calicoes, shirting calicoes, unbleached
calicoes, etc. [Eng.]
The importation of printed or stained
colicoes appears to have been coeval with the
establishment of the East India Company
. Beck
(Draper's Dict. ).
2. Cotton cloth printed with a figured
pattern.
&fist; In the United States the term calico is applied
only to the printed fabric.
Calico bass (Zoöl.), an
edible, fresh-water fish (Pomoxys sparaides) of the rivers
and lake of the Western United States (esp. of the Misissippi
valley.), allied to the sunfishes, and so called from its
variegated colors; -- called also calicoback, grass
bass, strawberry bass, barfish, and
bitterhead. -- Calico printing,
the art or process of impressing the figured patterns on
calico.
Cal"i*co (?), a. Made of, or
having the appearance of, calico; -- often applied to an animal,
as a horse or cat, on whose body are large patches of a color
strikingly different from its main color. [Colloq. U.
S.]
Cal"i*co*back` (?), n.
(Zoöl.) (a) The calico
bass. (b) An hemipterous insect
(Murgantia histrionica) which injures the cabbage and
other garden plants; -- called also calico bug and
harlequin cabbage bug.
{ Ca*lic"u*lar (?), a.
Ca*lic"u*late (?), } a. Relating
to, or resembling, a cup; also improperly used for
calycular, calyculate.
Cal"id (?), a. [L. calidus,
fr. calere to be hot.] Hot; burning; ardent.
[Obs.] Bailey.
Ca*lid"i*ty (?), n.
Heat. [Obs.]
Cal"i*duct (?), n. [See
Caloriduct.] A pipe or duct used to convey hot air or
steam.
Subterranean caliducts have been
introduced.
Evelyn.
{ Ca"lif (?), n.,
Cal"i*fate (?), } n., etc. Same
as Caliph, Caliphate, etc.
Cal`i*for"ni*an (?), a. Of or
pertaining to California. -- n. A
native or inhabitant of California.
Cal`i*ga"tion (-gā"shŭn),
n. [L. caligatio, fr. caligare to
emit vapor, to be dark, from caligo mist, darkness.]
Dimness; cloudiness. [R.] Sir T. Browne.
Ca*lig`i*nos"ity (?), n. [L.
caliginosus dark. See Caligation.]
Darkness. [R.] G. Eliot.
Ca*lig"i*nous (?), a. [L.
caliginosus; cf. F. caligineux.] Affected with
darkness or dimness; dark; obscure. [R.]
Blount.
The caliginous regions of the air.
Hallywell.
-- Ca*lig"i*nous*ly, adv. --
Ca*lig"i*nous*ness, n.
||Ca*li"go (?), n. [L., darkness.]
(Med.) Dimness or obscurity of sight, dependent upon
a speck on the cornea; also, the speck itself.
Cal`i*graph"ic (?), a. See
Calligraphic.
Ca*lig"ra*phy (?), n. See
Caligraphy.
||Ca"lin (?), n. [F., fr. Malay
kelany tin, or fr. Kala'a, a town in India, fr.
which it came.] An alloy of lead and tin, of which the
Chinese make tea canisters.
Cal`i*pash" (?), n. [F.
carapace, Sp. carapacho. Cf Calarash,
Carapace.] A part of a turtle which is next to the
upper shell. It contains a fatty and gelatinous substance of a
dull greenish tinge, much esteemed as a delicacy in preparations
of turtle.
Cal"i*pee (?), n. [See
Calipash] A part of a turtle which is attached to the
lower shell. It contains a fatty and gelatinous substance of a
light yellowish color, much esteemed as a delicacy.
Thackeray.
Cal"i*pers (?), n. pl. [Corrupted
from caliber.] An instrument, usually resembling a
pair of dividers or compasses with curved legs, for measuring the
diameter or thickness of bodies, as of work shaped in a lathe or
planer, timber, masts, shot, etc.; or the bore of firearms,
tubes, etc.; -- called also caliper compasses, or
caliber compasses.
Caliper square, a draughtsman's or
mechanic's square, having a graduated bar and adjustable jaw or
jaws. Knight. -- Vernier calipers.
See Vernier.
Ca"liph (kā"l&ibreve;f), n.
[OE. caliphe, califfe, F. calife (cf. Sp.
califa), fr. Ar. khalīfan successor, fr.
khalafa to succed.] Successor or vicar; -- a title of
the successors of Mohammed both as temporal and spiritual rulers,
now used by the sultans of Turkey. [Written also
calif.]
Cal"i*phate (?), n. [Cf. F.
califat.] The office, dignity, or government of a
caliph or of the caliphs.
Ca*lip"pic (?), a. Of or
pertaining to Calippus, an Athenian astronomer.
Calippic period, a period of seventy-six
years, proposed by Calippus, as an improvement on the Metonic
cycle, since the 6940 days of the Metonic cycle exceeded 19 years
by about a quarter of a day, and exceeded 235 lunations by
something more.
Cal`i*sa"ya bark (?). A valuable kind of
Peruvian bark obtained from the Cinchona Calisaya, and
other closely related species.
||Cal`is*the"ne*um, n. [NL.] A
gymnasium; esp. one for light physical exercise by women and
children.
Cal`is*then"ic (?), a. [Gr.
kalo`s beautiful + sqe`nos strength.]
Of or pertaining to calisthenics.
Cal`is*then"ics (?), n. The
science, art, or practice of healthful exercise of the body and
limbs, to promote strength and gracefulness; light
gymnastics.
Cal"i*ver (?), n. [Corrupted fr.
caliber.] An early form of hand gun, a variety of the
arquebus; originally a gun having a regular size of bore.
[Obs.] Shak.
||Ca"lix (kā"l&ibreve;ks), n.
[L.] A cup. See Calyx.
Calk (k&add;k), v. t. [imp.
&p. p. Calked (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Calking.] [Either corrupted fr. F.
calfater (cf. Pg. calafetar, Sp.
calafetear), fr. Ar. qalafa to fill up crevices
with the fibers of palm tree or moss; or fr. OE. cauken to
tred, through the French fr. L. calcare, fr. calx
heel. Cf. Calk to copy, Inculcate.]
1. To drive tarred oakum into the seams
between the planks of (a ship, boat, etc.), to prevent leaking.
The calking is completed by smearing the seams with melted
pitch.
2. To make an indentation in the edge of
a metal plate, as along a seam in a steam boiler or an iron ship,
to force the edge of the upper plate hard against the lower and
so fill the crevice.
Calk (kălk), v. t. [E.
calquer to trace, It. caicare to trace, to trample,
fr. L. calcare to trample, fr. calx heel. Cf.
Calcarate.] To copy, as a drawing, by rubbing the
back of it with red or black chalk, and then passing a blunt
style or needle over the lines, so as to leave a tracing on the
paper or other thing against which it is laid or held.
[Written also calque]
Calk (k&add;k), n. [Cf. AS.
calc shoe, hoof, L. calx, calcis, heel,
calcar, spur.] 1. A sharp-pointed
piece of iron or steel projecting downward on the shoe of a horse
or an ox, to prevent the animal from slipping; -- called also
calker, calkin.
2. An instrument with sharp points, worn
on the sole of a shoe or boot, to prevent slipping.
Calk (k&add;k), v. i.
1. To furnish with calks, to prevent
slipping on ice; as, to calk the shoes of a horse or an
ox.
2. To wound with a calk; as when a horse
injures a leg or a foot with a calk on one of the other
feet.
Calk"er (?), n. 1.
One who calks.
2. A calk on a shoe. See Calk,
n., 1.
Calk"in (?), n. A calk on a
shoe. See Calk, n., 1.
Calk"ing (?), n. The act or
process of making seems tight, as in ships, or of furnishing with
calks, as a shoe, or copying, as a drawing.
Calking iron, a tool like a chisel, used
in calking ships, tightening seams in ironwork, etc.
Their left hand does the calking iron
guide.
Dryden.
Call (k&add;l), v. t. [imp.
& p. p. Called (k&add;ld); p. pr. & vb.
n. Calling] [OE. callen, AS.
ceallian; akin to Icel. & Sw. kalla, Dan.
kalde, D. kallen to talk, prate, OHG.
kallōn to call; cf. Gr. ghry`ein to
speak, sing, Skr. gar to praise. Cf. Garrulous.]
1. To command or request to come or be
present; to summon; as, to call a servant.
Call hither Clifford; bid him come
amain
Shak.
2. To summon to the discharge of a
particular duty; to designate for an office, or employment,
especially of a religious character; -- often used of a divine
summons; as, to be called to the ministry; sometimes, to
invite; as, to call a minister to be the pastor of a
church.
Paul . . . called to be an apostle
Rom. i. 1.
The Holy Ghost said, Separate me Barnabas and Saul
for the work whereunto I have called them.
Acts xiii. 2.
3. To invite or command to meet; to
convoke; -- often with together; as, the President
called Congress together; to appoint and summon; as, to
call a meeting of the Board of Aldermen.
Now call we our high court of
Parliament.
Shak.
4. To give name to; to name; to address,
or speak of, by a specifed name.
If you would but call me Rosalind.
Shak.
And God called the light Day, and the
darkness he called Night.
Gen. i. 5.
5. To regard or characterize as of a
certain kind; to denominate; to designate.
What God hath cleansed, that call not thou
common.
Acts x. 15.
6. To state, or estimate, approximately
or loosely; to characterize without strict regard to fact; as,
they call the distance ten miles; he called it a
full day's work.
[The] army is called seven hundred thousand
men.
Brougham.
7. To show or disclose the class,
character, or nationality of. [Obs.]
This speech calls him Spaniard.
Beau. & Fl.
8. To utter in a loud or distinct voice;
-- often with off; as, to call, or call off,
the items of an account; to call the roll of a military
company.
No parish clerk who calls the psalm so
clear.
Gay.
9. To invoke; to appeal to.
I call God for a witness.
2 Cor. i. 23 [Rev. Ver. ]
10. To rouse from sleep; to
awaken.
If thou canst awake by four o' the clock.
I prithee call me. Sleep hath seized me wholly.
Shak.
To call a bond, to give notice that the
amount of the bond will be paid. -- To call a
party (Law), to cry aloud his name in open
court, and command him to come in and perform some duty requiring
his presence at the time on pain of what may befall him. --
To call back, to revoke or retract; to
recall; to summon back. -- To call down,
to pray for, as blessing or curses. -- To call
forth, to bring or summon to action; as, to call
forth all the faculties of the mind. -- To call
in, (a) To collect; as, to call
in debts or money; ar to withdraw from cirulation; as, to
call in uncurrent coin. (b) To
summon to one's side; to invite to come together; as, to call
in neighbors. -- To call (any one)
names, to apply contemptuous names (to any
one). -- To call off, to summon away;
to divert; as, to call off the attention; to call
off workmen from their employment. -- To call
out. (a) To summon to fight; to
challenge. (b) To summon into service; as, to
call out the militia. -- To call over,
to recite separate particulars in order, as a roll of
names. -- To call to account, to
demand explanation of. -- To call to mind,
to recollect; to revive in memory. -- To call to
order, to request to come to order; as:
(a) A public meeting, when opening it for
business. (b) A person, when he is
transgressing the rules of debate. -- To call to the
bar, to admit to practice in courts of law. --
To call up. (a) To bring
into view or recollection; as to call up the image of
deceased friend. (b) To bring into
action or discussion; to demand the consideration of; as, to
call up a bill before a legislative body.
Syn. -- To name; denominate; invite; bid; summon;
convoke; assemble; collect; exhort; warn; proclaim; invoke;
appeal to; designate. -- To Call, Convoke,
Summon. Call is the generic term; as, to
call a public meeting. To convoke is to require the
assembling of some organized body of men by an act of authority;
as, the king convoked Parliament. To summon is to
require attendance by an act more or less stringent anthority;
as, to summon a witness.
Call, v. i. 1.
To speak in loud voice; to cry out; to address by name; --
sometimes with to.
You must call to the nurse.
Shak.
The angel of God called to Hagar.
Gen. xxi. 17.
2. To make a demand, requirement, or
request.
They called for rooms, and he showed them
one.
Bunyan.
3. To make a brief visit; also, to stop
at some place designated, as for orders.
He ordered her to call at the house once a
week.
Temple.
To call for (a) To
demand; to require; as, a crime calls for punishment; a
survey, grant, or deed calls for the metes and bounds, or
the quantity of land, etc., which it describes.
(b) To give an order for; to request.
"Whenever the coach stopped, the sailor called for more
ale." Marryat. -- To call on, To
call upon, (a) To make a short
visit to; as, call on a friend. (b)
To appeal to; to invite; to request earnestly; as, to call
upon a person to make a speech. (c)
To solicit payment, or make a demand, of a debt.
(d) To invoke or play to; to worship; as,
to call upon God. -- To call out
To call or utter loudly; to brawl.
Call (?), n. 1.
The act of calling; -- usually with the voice, but often
otherwise, as by signs, the sound of some instrument, or by
writing; a summons; an entreaty; an invitation; as, a call
for help; the bugle's call. "Call of the
trumpet." Shak.
I rose as at thy call, but found thee
not.
Milton.
2. A signal, as on a drum, bugle,
trumpet, or pipe, to summon soldiers or sailors to
duty.
3. (Eccl.) An invitation to take
charge of or serve a church as its pastor.
4. A requirement or appeal arising from
the circumstances of the case; a moral requirement or
appeal.
Dependence is a perpetual call upon
humanity.
Addison.
Running into danger without any call of
duty.
Macaulay.
5. A divine vocation or
summons.
St. Paul himself believed he did well, and that he
had a call to it, when he persecuted the Christians.
Locke.
6. Vocation; employment. [In this
sense, calling is generally used.]
7. A short visit; as, to make a
call on a neighbor; also, the daily coming of a tradesman
to solicit orders.
The baker's punctual call.
Cowper.
8. (Hunting) A note blown on the
horn to encourage the hounds.
9. (Naut.) A whistle or pipe, used
by the boatswain and his mate, to summon the sailors to
duty.
10. (Fowling) The cry of a bird;
also a noise or cry in imitation of a bird; or a pipe to call
birds by imitating their note or cry.
11. (Amer. Land Law) A reference
to, or statement of, an object, course, distance, or other matter
of description in a survey or grant requiring or calling for a
corresponding object, etc., on the land.
12. The privilege to demand the delivery
of stock, grain, or any commodity, at a fixed, price, at or
within a certain time agreed on. [Brokers' Cant]
13. See Assessment, 4.
At call, or On
call, liable to be demanded at any moment without
previous notice; as money on deposit. -- Call
bird, a bird taught to allure others into a
snare. -- Call boy (a)
A boy who calls the actors in a theater; a boy who transmits
the orders of the captain of a vessel to the engineer, helmsman,
etc. (b) A waiting boy who answers a
cal, or cames at the ringing of a bell; a bell boy. --
Call note, the note naturally used by the
male bird to call the female. It is artificially applied by
birdcatchers as a decoy. Latham. -- Call of
the house (Legislative Bodies), a calling
over the names of members, to discover who is absent, or for
other purposes; a calling of names with a view to obtaining the
ayes and noes from the persons named. -- Call to the
bar, admission to practice in the courts.
Cal"la (kăl"l&adot;), n.
[Linnæus derived Calla fr. Gr. &?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;
a cock's wattles but cf. L. calla, calsa, name of
an unknown plant, and Gr. kalo`s beautiful.]
(Bot.) A genus of plants, of the order
Araceæ.
&fist; The common Calla of cultivation is Richardia
Africana, belonging to another genus of the same order. Its
large spathe is pure white, surrounding a fleshy spike, which is
covered with minute apetalous flowers.
Cal"lat (?), n. Same as
Callet. [Obs.]
A callat of boundless tongue.
Shak.
Calle (?), n. [See Caul.]
A kind of head covering; a caul. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Call"er (?), n. One who
calls.
||Cal"ler (?), a. [Scot.]
1. Cool; refreshing; fresh; as, a
caller day; the caller air.
Jamieson.
2. Fresh; in good condition; as,
caller berrings.
Cal"let (?), n. [Cf. Ir. & Gael.
caile a country woman, strumpet.] A trull or
prostitute; a scold or gossip. [Obs.] [Written also
callat.]
Cal"let v. i. To rail or
scold. [Obs.] Brathwait.
Cal"lid (?), a. [L.
callidus, fr. callere to be thick-skinned, to be
hardened, to be practiced, fr. callum, callus,
callous skin, callosity, callousness.] Characterized by
cunning or shrewdness; crafty. [R.]
Cal*lid"i*ty (?), n. [L.
calliditas.] Acuteness of discernment; cunningness;
shrewdness. [R.]
Her eagly-eyed callidity.
C. Smart.
Cal*lig"ra*pher (?), n. One
skilled in calligraphy; a good penman.
{ Cal`li*graph"ic (?), Cal`li*graph"ic*al
(?), } a., [Gr.
&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;; pref. &?;&?;&?;&?;&?;- (fr.
&?;&?;&?;&?; beautiful) + &?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?; to write; cf. F.
calligraphique.] Of or pertaining to
calligraphy.
Excellence in the calligraphic act.
T. Warton.
Cal*lig"ra*phist (?), n. A
calligrapher
Cal*lig"ra*phy, n. [Gr.
&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;: cf. F. calligraphie.]
Fair or elegant penmanship.
Call"ing (?), n. 1.
The act of one who calls; a crying aloud, esp. in order to
summon, or to attact the attention of, some one.
2. A summoning or convocation, as of
Parliament.
The frequent calling and meeting of
Parlaiment.
Macaulay.
3. A divine summons or invitation; also,
the state of being divinely called.
Who hath . . . called us with an holy
calling.
2 Tim. i. 9.
Give diligence to make yior calling . . .
sure.
2 Pet. i. 10.
4. A naming, or inviting; a reading over
or reciting in order, or a call of names with a view to obtaining
an answer, as in legislative bodies.
5. One's usual occupation, or employment;
vocation; business; trade.
The humble calling of ter female
parent.
Thackeray.
6. The persons, collectively, engaged in
any particular professions or employment.
To impose celibacy on wholy callings.
Hammond.
7. Title; appellation; name.
[Obs.]
I am more proud to be Sir Rowland's son
His youngest son, and would not change that calling.
Shak.
Syn. -- Occupation; employment; business; trade;
profession; office; engagement; vocation.
Cal*li"o*pe (kăl*lī"&osl;*p&esl;),
n. [L. Calliope, Gr.
Kallio`ph, lit, the beautiful-voiced; pref.
kalli- (from kalo`s beautiful) +
'o`ps, 'opo`s, voice.] 1.
(Class. Myth.) The Muse that presides over eloquence
and heroic poetry; mother of Orpheus, and chief of the nine
Muses.
2. (Astron.) One of the asteroids.
See Solar.
3. A musical instrument consisting of a
series of steam whistles, toned to the notes of the scale, and
played by keys arranged like those of an organ. It is sometimes
attached to steamboat boilers.
4. (Zoöl.) A beautiful
species of humming bird (Stellula Calliope) of California
and adjacent regions.
||Cal`li*op"sis (?), n. [NL., fr.
Gr. pref. kalli- (fr. kalo`s beautiful) +
'o`psis appearance.] (Bot.) A popular name
given to a few species of the genus Coreopsis, especially
to C. tinctoria of Arkansas.
Cal`li*pash" (&?;), n. See
Calipash.
Cal`li*pee" (&?;), n. See
Calipee.
Cal`li*pers (&?;), n. pl. See
Calipers.
Cal`li*sec"tion (?), n. [L.
callere to be insensible + E. section.]
Painless vivisection; -- opposed to
sentisection. B. G. Wilder.
{ Cal`lis*then"ic, a.,
Cal`lis*then"ics (?), n. } See
Calisthenic, Calisthenics.
Cal"li*thump` (?), n. A
somewhat riotous parade, accompanied with the blowing of tin
horns, and other discordant noises; also, a burlesque serenade; a
charivari. [U. S.]
Cal`li*thump"i*an (?), a. Of,
pertaining to, or resembling, a callithump. [U. S.]
Cal*lo"san (?), a. (Anat.)
Of the callosum.
Cal"lose (?), a. [See
Callous.] (Bot.) Furnished with protuberant or
hardened spots.
Cal*los"i*ty (?), n.; pl.
Callosities (#). [L. callasitas; cf. F.
calosté.] A hard or thickened spot or
protuberance; a hardening and thickening of the skin or bark of a
part, eps. as a result of continued pressure or
friction.
||Cal*lo"sum (?), n. [NL., fr.
callosus callous, hard.] (Anat.) The great
band commissural fibers which unites the two cerebral
hemispheres. See corpus callosum, under
Carpus.
Cal"lot (?), n. A plant coif
or skullcap. Same as Calotte. B. Jonson.
Cal"lous (?), a. [L.
callosus callous hard, fr. callum, callus,
callous skin: cf. F. calleux.] 1.
Hardened; indurated. "A callous hand."
Goldsmith. "A callous ulcer." Dunglison.
2. Hardened in mind; insensible;
unfeeling; unsusceptible. "The callous diplomatist."
Macaulay.
It is an immense blessing to be perfectly
callous to ridicule.
T. Arnold.
Syn. -- Obdurate; hard; hardened; indurated;
insensible; unfeeling; unsusceptible. See Obdurate.
-- Cal"lous*ly, adv. --
Cal"lous*ness, n.
A callousness and numbness of soul.
Bentley.
Cal"low (?), a. [OE. calewe,
calu, bald, AS. calu; akin to D. kaal, OHG.
chalo, G. Kuhl; cf. L. calvus.]
1. Destitute of feathers; naked;
unfledged.
An in the leafy summit, spied a nest,
Which, o'er the callow young, a sparrow pressed.
Dryden.
2. Immature; boyish; "green"; as, a
callow youth.
I perceive by this, thou art but a callow
maid.
Old Play [1675].
Cal*low" (?), n.
(Zoöl.) [Named from its note.] A kind of duck.
See Old squaw.
Cal"lus (kăl"lŭs), n.
[L. See Callous.] 1. (Med.)
(a) Same as Callosity.
(b The material of repair in fractures of
bone; a substance exuded at the site of fracture, which is at
first soft or cartilaginous in consistence, but is ultimately
converted into true bone and unites the fragments into a single
piece.
2. (Hort.) The new formation over
the end of a cutting, before it puts out rootlets.
Calm (käm), n. [OE.
calme, F. calme, fr. It. or Sp. calma (cf.
Pg. calma heat), prob. fr. LL. cauma heat, fr. Gr.
kay^ma burning heat, fr. kai`ein to burn;
either because during a great heat there is generally also a
calm, or because the hot time of the day obliges us seek for
shade and quiet; cf. Caustic] Freedom from motion,
agitation, or disturbance; a cessation or absence of that which
causes motion or disturbance, as of winds or waves; tranquility;
stillness; quiet; serenity.
The wind ceased, and there was a great
calm.
Mark. iv. 39.
A calm before a storm is commonly a peace
of a man's own making.
South.
Calm, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Calmed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Calming.] [Cf. F. calmer. See Calm,
n.] 1. To make calm; to
render still or quiet, as elements; as, to calm the
winds.
To calm the tempest raised by Eolus.
Dryden.
2. To deliver from agitation or
excitement; to still or soothe, as the mind or
passions.
Passions which seem somewhat calmed.
Atterbury.
Syn. -- To still; quiet; appease; allay; pacify;
tranquilize; soothe; compose; assuage; check; restrain.
Calm (käm), a.
[Compar. Calmer (-&etilde;r);
super. Calmest (-&ebreve;st)]
1. Not stormy; without motion, as of winds
or waves; still; quiet; serene; undisturbed. "Calm
was the day." Spenser.
Now all is calm, and fresh, and still.
Bryant.
2. Undisturbed by passion or emotion; not
agitated or excited; tranquil; quiet in act or speech.
"Calm and sinless peace." Milton. "With calm
attention." Pope.
Such calm old age as conscience pure
And self-commanding hearts ensure.
Keble.
Syn. -- Still; quiet; undisturbed; tranquil; peaceful;
serene; composed; unruffled; sedate; collected; placid.
Calm"er (?), n. One who, or
that which, makes calm.
Calm"ly (?), adv. In a calm
manner.
The gentle stream which calmly flows.
Denham.
Calm"ness, n. The state of
quality of being calm; quietness; tranquillity; self-
repose.
The gentle calmness of the flood.
Denham.
Hes calmness was the repose of conscious
power.
E. Everett.
Syn. -- Quietness; quietude; stillness; tranquillity;
serenity; repose; composure; sedateness; placidity.
Cal"mucks (?), n. pl.; sing.
Calmuck. A branch of the Mongolian
race inhabiting parts of the Russian and Chinese empires; also
(sing.), the language of the Calmucks. [Written also
Kalmucks.]
Calm"y (?), a. [Fr. Calm,
n.] Tranquil; peaceful; calm.
[Poet.] "A still and calmy day" Spenser.
Cal"o*mel (kăl"&osl;*m&ebreve;l),
n. [Gr. kalo`s beautiful +
me`las black. So called from its being white, though
made from a black mixture of mercury and corrosive sublimate. Cf.
F. calomélas.] (Chem.) Mild chloride of
mercury, Hg2Cl2, a heavy, white or
yellowish white substance, insoluble and tasteless, much used in
medicine as a mercurial and purgative; mercurous chloride. It
occurs native as the mineral horn quicksilver.
Cal`o*res"cence (?), n. [L.
calor heat.] (Physics) The conversion of
obscure radiant heat into light; the transmutation of rays of
heat into others of higher refrangibility.
Tyndall.
Ca*lor"ic (?), n. [L. calor
heat; cf. F. calorique.] (Physics) The
principle of heat, or the agent to which the phenomena of heat
and combustion were formerly ascribed; -- not now used in
scientific nomenclature, but sometimes used as a general term for
heat.
Caloric expands all bodies.
Henry.
Ca*lor"ic, a. Of or pertaining
to caloric.
Caloric engine, a kind of engine
operated by heated air.
Cal`o*ric"ity (?), n.
(Physiol.) A faculty in animals of developing and
preserving the heat necessary to life, that is, the animal
heat.
Ca*lor"i*duct (?), n. [L.
calor heat (fr. calere to warm) + E. duct.]
A tube or duct for conducting heat; a caliduct.
Cal"o*rie (?), n. [F., fr. L.
calor heat.] (Physics) The unit of heat
according to the French standard; the amount of heat required to
raise the temperature of one kilogram (sometimes, one gram) of
water one degree centigrade, or from 0° to 1°. Compare
the English standard unit, Foot pound.
Ca*lor`i*fa"cient (?), a.
(Physiol.) See Calorificient.
Ca*lor"i*fere (?), n. [F.
calorifère, fr. L. calor heat + ferre
to bear.] An apparatus for conveying and distributing heat,
especially by means of hot water circulating in tubes.
Ca*lor`i*fi"ant (?), a.
(Physiol.) See Calorificient.
Cal`o*rif"ic (?), a. [L.
calorificus; calor heat + facere to make;
cf. F. calorifique.] Possessing the quality of
producing heat; heating.
Calorific rays, the invisible, heating
rays which emanate from the sun, and from burning and heated
bodies.
Ca*lor`i*fi*ca"tion
(k&adot;*l&obreve;r`&ibreve;*f&ibreve;*kā"shŭn),
n. [Cf. F. calorification.]
Production of heat, esp. animal heat.
Ca*lor`i*fi"cient (?), a.
(Physiol.) Having, or relating to the power of
producing heat; -- applied to foods which, being rich in carbon,
as the fats, are supposed to give rise to heat in the animal body
by oxidation.
Cal`o*rim"e*ter (?), n. [L.
calor heat + -meter; cf. F.
calorimètre.] 1. (Physiol.)
An apparatus for measuring the amount of heat contained in
bodies or developed by some mechanical or chemical process, as
friction, chemical combination, combustion, etc.
2. (Engineering) An apparatus for
measuring the proportion of unevaporated water contained in
steam.
Ca*lor`i*met"ric (?), a. Of or
pertaining to the process of using the calorimeter.
Satisfactory calorimetric results.
Nichol.
Cal`o*rim"e*try (?), n.
(Physics) Measurement of the quantities of heat in
bodies.
Ca*lor`i*mo"tor (?), n. [L.
calor heat + E. motor.] (Physics) A
voltaic battery, having a large surface of plate, and producing
powerful heating effects.
{ ||Ca*lotte" (?), Cal"lot (?) },
n. [F. calotte, dim. of cale a
sort of flat cap. Cf. Caul.] A close cap without
visor or brim. Especially: (a) Such a
cap, worn by English serjeants at law. (b)
Such a cap, worn by the French cavalry under their
helmets. (c) Such a cap, worn by the
clergy of the Roman Catholic Church.
To assume the calotte, to become a
priest.
Cal"o*type (?), n. [Gr.
kalo`s beautiful + ty`pos type.]
(Photog.) A method of taking photographic pictures,
on paper sensitized with iodide of silver; -- also called
Talbotype, from the inventor, Mr. Fox.
Talbot.
Ca*loy"er (?), n. [F., fr. NGr.
&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?; a monk; kalo`s beautiful,
good + &?;&?;&?;&?;&?;, equiv. to Gr. &?;&?;&?;&?;&?; an old
man.] A monk of the Greek Church; a cenobite, anchoret, or
recluse of the rule of St. Basil, especially, one on or near Mt.
Athos.
Calque, v. t. See 2d
Calk, v. t.
{ Cal"trop (?), Cal"trap (?), }
n. [OE. calketrappe, calletrappe,
caltor (in both senses), fr. AS. collræppe,
calcetreppe, sort of thistle; cf. F. chaussetrape
star thistle, trap, It. calcatreppo, calcatreppolo,
star thistle. Perh. from L. calx heel + the same word as
E. trap. See 1st Trap.] 1.
(Bot.) A genus of herbaceous plants (Tribulus)
of the order Zygophylleæ, having a hard several-
celled fruit, armed with stout spines, and resembling the
military instrument of the same name. The species grow in warm
countries, and are often very annoying to cattle.
2. (Mil.) An instrument with four
iron points, so disposed that, any three of them being on the
ground, the other projects upward. They are scattered on the
ground where an enemy's cavalry are to pass, to impede their
progress by endangering the horses' feet.
Ca*lum"ba (?), n. [from
kalumb, its native name in Mozambique.] (Med.)
The root of a plant (Jateorrhiza Calumba, and
probably Cocculus palmatus), indigenous in Mozambique. It
has an unpleasantly bitter taste, and is used as a tonic and
antiseptic. [Written also colombo, columbo,
and calombo.]
American calumba, the Frasera
Carolinensis, also called American gentian. Its root
has been used in medicine as bitter tonic in place of
calumba.
Ca*lum"bin (?), n. (Chem.)
A bitter principle extracted as a white crystalline
substance from the calumba root. [Written also
colombin, and columbin]
Cal"u*met (?), n. [F.
calumet, fr. L. calamus reed. See Halm, and
cf. Shawm.] A kind of pipe, used by the North
American Indians for smoking tobacco. The bowl is usually made of
soft red stone, and the tube is a long reed often ornamented with
feathers.
Smoked the calumet, the Peace pipe,
As a signal to the nations.
Lowgfellow.
&fist; The calumet is used as a symbol of peace. To
accept the calumet is to agree to terms of peace, and to refuse
it is to reject them. The calumet of peace is used to seal or
ratify contracts and alliances, and as an evidence to strangers
that they are welcome.
Ca*lum"ni*ate (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Calumniated; p.
pr. & vb. n. calumniating.] [L.
calumniatus, p. p. of calumniari. See
Calumny, and cf. Challenge, v.
t.] To accuse falsely and maliciously of a crime
or offense, or of something disreputable; to slander; to
libel.
Hatred unto the truth did always falsely report
and calumniate all godly men's doings.
Strype.
Syn. -- To asperse; slander; defame;
vilify; traduce; belie; bespatter; blacken; libel. See
Asperse.
Ca*lum"ni*ate, v. i. To
propagate evil reports with a design to injure the reputation of
another; to make purposely false charges of some offense or
crime.
Ca*lum`ni*a"tion
(k&adot;*lŭm`n&ibreve;*ā"shŭn),
n. False accusation of crime or offense,
or a malicious and false representation of the words or actions
of another, with a view to injure his good name.
The calumniation of her principal
counselors.
Bacon.
Ca*lum`ni*a"tor (?), n. [L.]
One who calumniates.
Syn. -- Slanderer; defamer; libeler; traducer.
Ca*lum"ni*a*to*ry (?), a.
Containing calumny; slanderous. Montagu.
Ca*lum"ni*ous (?), a. [L.
calumniosus.] Containing or implying calumny; false,
malicious, and injurious to reputation; slanderous; as,
calumnious reports.
Virtue itself 'scapes not calumnious
strokes.
Shak.
. Slanderous; defamatory; scurrilous; opprobrious; derogatory;
libelous; abusive.
-- Ca*lum"ni*ous*ly, adv. --
Ca*lum"ni*ous*ness, n.
Cal"um*ny (?), n.; pl.
Calumnies (#). [L. calumnia, fr.
calvi to devise tricks, deceive; cf. F. calomnie.
Cf. Challenge, n.] False accusation
of a crime or offense, maliciously made or reported, to the
injury of another; malicious misrepresentation; slander;
detraction. "Infamous calumnies."
Motley.
Be thou as chaste as ice, as pure as snow, thou
shalt not escape calumny.
Shak.
||Cal*va"ri*a (kăl*vā"r&ibreve;*&adot;),
n. [L. See Calvary.] (Anat.)
The bones of the cranium; more especially, the bones of the
domelike upper portion.
Cal"va*ry (kăl"v&adot;*r&ybreve;),
n. [L. calvaria a bare skull, fr.
calva the scalp without hair. fr. calvus bald; cf.
F. calvaire.] 1. The place where
Christ was crucified, on a small hill outside of Jerusalem.
Luke xxiii. 33.
&fist; The Latin calvaria is a translation of the Greek
krani`on of the Evangelists, which is an
interpretation of the Hebrew Golgotha. Dr. W.
Smith.
2. A representation of the crucifixion,
consisting of three crosses with the figures of Christ and the
thieves, often as large as life, and sometimes surrounded by
figures of other personages who were present at the
crucifixion.
3. (Her.) A cross, set upon three
steps; -- more properly called cross calvary.
Calve (käv), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Calved 3; p. pr. &
vb. n. Calving.] [AS. cealfian. See
Calf.] 1. To bring forth a
calf. "Their cow calveth." Job xxi. 10.
2. To bring forth young; to produce
offspring.
Canst thou mark when the hinds do
calve?
Job xxxix. 1.
The grassy clods now calved.
Molton.
Cal"ver (kăl"v&etilde;r), v.
i. 1. To cut in slices and pickle,
as salmon. [Obs.]
For a change, leave calvered salmon and eat
sprats.
Massinger.
2. To crimp; as, calvered
salmon. Nares.
Cal"ver, v. i. To bear, or be
susceptible of, being calvered; as, grayling's flesh will
calver. Catton.
Calves"*snout (?), n. (Bot.)
Snapdragon.
Cal"vin*ism (?), n. [Cf. F.
Calvinisme.] The theological tenets or doctrines of
John Calvin (a French theologian and reformer of the 16th
century) and his followers, or of the so-called calvinistic
churches.
&fist; The distinguishing doctrines of this system, usually
termed the five points of Calvinism, are original sin or
total depravity, election or predestination, particular
redemption, effectual calling, and the perseverance of the
saints. It has been subject to many variations and modifications
in different churches and at various times.
Cal"vin*ist (?), n. [Cf. F.
Calviniste.] A follower of Calvin; a believer in
Calvinism.
{ Cal`vin*is"tic (?), Cal`vin*is"tic*al (?),
} a. Of or pertaining to Calvin, or
Calvinism; following Calvin; accepting or Teaching
Calvinism. "Calvinistic training."
Lowell.
Cal"vin*ize (?), v. t. To
convert to Calvinism.
Calv"ish (?), a. Like a calf;
stupid. Sheldon.
Calx (?), n.; pl. E.
Calxes (#), L. Calces (#).
[L. Calx, calcis. limestone; cf. Gr. &?; gravel.
&?;, &?;, pebble, Skr. &?; gravel, Ir. carraic rock Gael.
carraig, W. careg, stone. Cf. Chalk.]
1. (Chem.) (a)
Quicklime. [Obs.] (b) The
substance which remains when a metal or mineral has been
subjected to calcination or combustion by heat, and which is, or
may be, reduced to a fine powder.
&fist; Metallic calxes are now called oxides.
2. Broken and refuse glass, returned to
the post.
{ Ca*lyc`i*flo"ral (?), cal*lyc`i*flo"rous
(?), } a. [L. calyx, -ycis, calyx
+ flos, floris, flower.] (Bot.) Having
the petals and stamens adnate to the calyx; -- applied to a
subclass of dicotyledonous plants in the system of the French
botanist Candolle.
Ca*lyc"i*form (?), a. [L.
calyx, calycis, calyx + -form.]
(Bot.) Having the form or appearance of a
calyx.
{ Ca*lyc"i*nal (?), Cal"y*cine (?), }
a. (Bot.) Pertaining to a calyx;
having the nature of a calyx.
Cal"y*cle (?), n. [L.
calyculus small flower bud, calyx, dim. of calyx.
See Calyx, and cf. Calicle.] (Bot.) A
row of small bracts, at the base of the calyx, on the
outside.
Cal"y*cled (?), a. (Bot.)
Calyculate.
||Cal`y*co*zo"a (?), n. pl. [NL.,
fr. Gr. &?;, &?;, cup or calyx a flower + &?; animal.]
(Zoöl.) A group of acalephs of which
Lucernaria is the type. The body is cup-shaped with eight
marginal lobes bearing clavate tentacles. An aboral sucker serves
for attachment. The interior is divided into four large
compartments. See Lucernarida.
Ca*lyc"u*lar (?), a. (Bot.)
Pertaining to, or resembling, the bracts of a
calycle.
{ Ca*lyc"u*late (?), Ca*lyc"u*la`ted (?) },
a. (Bot.) Having a set of bracts
resembling a calyx.
Ca*lym"e*ne (?), n. [Gr. (&?;)
concealed, p. p. of &?; to conceal.] (Zoöl.) A
genus of trilobites characteristic of the Silurian age.
Cal"yon (?), n. Flint or
pebble stone, used in building walls, etc.
Haliwell.
Ca*lyp"so (k&adot;*l&ibreve;p"s&osl;),
n. [The Latinized Greek name of a beautiful
nymph.] (Bot.) A small and beautiful species of
orchid, having a flower variegated with purple, pink, and yellow.
It grows in cold and wet localities in the northern part of the
United States. The Calypso borealis is the only orchid
which reaches 68° N.
Ca*lyp"tra (k&adot;*l&ibreve;p"tr&adot;),
n. [NL., fr. Gr. kaly`ptra a
covering for the head, fr. kaly`ptein to cover.]
(Bot.) A little hood or veil, resembling an
extinguisher in form and position, covering each of the small
flasklike capsules which contain the spores of mosses; also, any
similar covering body.
Ca*lyp"tri*form (?), a.
[Calyptra + -form.] Having the form a
calyptra, or extinguisher.
Ca"lyx (kā"l&ibreve;ks; 277),
n.; pl. E. Calyxes
(#), L. Calyces
(kăl"&ibreve;*sēz). [L. calyx, -ycis,
fr. Gr. ka`lyx husk, shell, calyx, from the root of
kaly`ptein to cover, conceal. Cf. Chalice
Helmet.] 1. (Bot.) The covering
of a flower. See Flower.
&fist; The calyx is usually green and foliaceous, but
becomes delicate and petaloid in such flowers as the anemone and
the four-o'clock. Each leaf of the calyx is called a
sepal.
2. (Anat.) A cuplike division of
the pelvis of the kidney, which surrounds one or more of the
renal papillæ.
Cal*zoons" (kăl*z&oomac;nz"), n.
pl. [F. caleçons (cf. It. calzoni
breeches), fr. L. calceus shoe.] Drawers.
[Obs.]
Cam (kăm), n. [Dan.
kam comb, ridge; or cf. W., Gael., and Ir., cam
bent. See 1st Comb.] 1. (Med.)
(a) A turning or sliding piece which, by the
shape of its periphery or face, or a groove in its surface,
imparts variable or intermittent motion to, or receives such
motion from, a rod, lever, or block brought into sliding or
rolling contact with it. (b) A curved
wedge, movable about an axis, used for forcing or clamping two
pieces together. (c) A projecting part
of a wheel or other moving piece so shaped as to give alternate
or variable motion to another piece against which it
acts.
&fist; Cams are much used in machinery involving
complicated, and irregular movements, as in the sewing machine,
pin machine, etc.
2. A ridge or mound of earth.
[Prow. Eng.] Wright.
Cam wheel (Mach.), a wheel with
one or more projections (cams) or depressions upon its periphery
or upon its face; one which is set or shaped eccentrically, so
that its revolutions impart a varied, reciprocating, or
intermittent motion.
Cam (?), a. [See Kam.]
Crooked. [Obs.]
Ca*ma"ieu (?), n. [F.; of unknown
origin. Cf. Cameo.] 1. A cameo.
[Obs.] Crabb.
2. (Fine Arts) Painting in shades
of one color; monochrome. Mollett.
Ca*mail" (?), n. [F. camail
(cf. It. camaglio), fr. L. caput head + source of
E. mail.] 1. (Ancient Armor) A
neck guard of chain mall, hanging from the bascinet or other
headpiece.
2. A hood of other material than
mail; esp. (Eccl.), a hood worn in church
services, -- the amice, or the like.
||Cam`a*ra*sau"rus (?), n. [NL. fr.
Gr. &?; a vaulted chamber + &?; lizard.] (Paleon.) A
genus of gigantic American Jurassic dinosaurs, having large
cavities in the bodies of the dorsal vertebræ.
||Ca`ma*ril"la (?), n. [Sp., a
small room.]
1. The private audience chamber of a
king.
2. A company of secret and irresponsible
advisers, as of a king; a cabal or clique.
Cam"ass (?), n. [American Indian
name.] (Bot.) A blue-flowered liliaceous plant
(Camassia esculenta) of northwestern America, the bulbs of
which are collected for food by the Indians. [Written also
camas, cammas, and quamash.]
&fist; The Eastern cammass is Camassia
Fraseri.
Cam"ber (?), n. [Of. cambre
bent, curved; akin to F. cambrer to vault, to bend, fr. L.
camerare to arch over, fr. camera vault, arch. See
Chamber, and cf. Camerate.] 1.
(Shipbuilding) An upward convexity of a deck or other
surface; as, she has a high camber (said of a vessel
having an unusual convexity of deck).
2. (Arch.) An upward concavity in
the under side of a beam, girder, or lintel; also, a slight
upward concavity in a straight arch. See
Hogback.
Camber arch (Arch.), an arch
whose intrados, though apparently straight, has a slightly
concave curve upward. -- Camber beam
(Arch.), a beam whose under side has a concave curve
upward.
Cam"ber, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Cambered (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Cambering.] To cut bend to an upward
curve; to construct, as a deck, with an upward curve.
Cam"ber, v. i. To curve
upward.
Cam"ber*keeled (?), a.
(Naut.) Having the keel arched upwards, but not
actually hogged; -- said of a ship.
Cam"bi*al (?), a. [LL.
cambialis, fr. cambiars. See Change.]
Belonging to exchanges in commerce; of exchange.
[R.]
Cam"bist (?), n. [F.
cambiste, It. cambista, fr. L. cambire to
exchange. See Change.] A banker; a money changer or
broker; one who deals in bills of exchange, or who is skilled in
the science of exchange.
Cam"bist*ry (?), n. The
science of exchange, weight, measures, etc.
Cam"bi*um (?), n. [LL.
cambium exchange, fr. L. cambire to exchange. It
was supposed that cambium was sap changing into wood.]
1. (Bot.) A series of formative cells
lying outside of the wood proper and inside of the inner bark.
The growth of new wood takes place in the cambium, which is very
soft.
2. (Med.) A fancied nutritive
juice, formerly supposed to originate in the blood, to repair
losses of the system, and to promote its increase.
Dunglison.
Cam"blet (?), n. See
Camlet.
Cam*boge" (?), n. See
Gamboge.
Cam*boose" (?), n. (Naut.)
See Caboose.
Cam"bra*sine (?), n. A kind of
linen cloth made in Egypt, and so named from its resemblance to
cambric.
Cam"brel (?), n. See
Gambrel, n., 2.
Wright.
Cam"bri*a (?), n. The ancient
Latin name of Wales. It is used by modern poets.
Cam"bri*an (?), a.
1. (Geog.) Of or pertaining to
Cambria or Wales.
2. (Geol.) Of or pertaining to the
lowest subdivision of the rocks of the Silurian or Molluscan age;
-- sometimes described as inferior to the Silurian. It is named
from its development in Cambria or Wales. See the Diagram
under Geology.
Cam"bri*an, n. 1.
A native of Cambria or Wales.
2. (Geol.) The Cambrian
formation.
Cam"bric (?), n. [OE.
camerike, fr. Cambrai (Flemish Kamerik), a
city of France (formerly of Flanders), where it was first made.]
1. A fine, thin, and white fabric made of
flax or linen.
He hath ribbons of all the colors i' the rainbow;
. . . inkles, caddises, cambrics, lawns.
Shak.
2. A fabric made, in imitation of linen
cambric, of fine, hardspun cotton, often with figures of various
colors; -- also called cotton cambric, and cambric
muslin.
Cam"bro-Brit"on (?), n. A
Welshman.
Came (?), imp. of
Come.
Came (?), n. [Cf. Scot.
came, caim, comb, and OE. camet silver.]
A slender rod of cast lead, with or without grooves, used,
in casements and stained-glass windows, to hold together the
panes or pieces of glass.
Cam"el (kăm"&ebreve;l), n.
[Oe. camel, chamel, OF. camel,
chamel, F. chameau L. camelus, fr. Gr.
ka`mhlos; of Semitic origin; cf. Heb.
gāmāl, Ar. jamal. Cf. As. camel,
fr. L. camelus.] 1. (Zoöl.)
A large ruminant used in Asia and Africa for carrying
burdens and for riding. The camel is remarkable for its ability
to go a long time without drinking. Its hoofs are small, and
situated at the extremities of the toes, and the weight of the
animal rests on the callous. The dromedary (Camelus
dromedarius) has one bunch on the back, while the Bactrian
camel (C. Bactrianus) has two. The llama, alpaca, and
vicuña, of South America, belong to a related genus
(Auchenia).
2. (Naut.) A water-tight structure
(as a large box or boxes) used to assist a vessel in passing over
a shoal or bar or in navigating shallow water. By admitting
water, the camel or camels may be sunk and attached beneath or at
the sides of a vessel, and when the water is pumped out the
vessel is lifted.
Camel bird (Zoöl.), the
ostrich. -- Camel locust
(Zoöl.), the mantis. -- Camel's
thorn (Bot.), a low, leguminous shrub
(Alhagi maurorum) of the Arabian desert, from which exudes
a sweetish gum, which is one of the substances called
manna.
Cam"el-backed` (?), a. Having
a back like a camel; humpbacked. Fuller.
Ca*me"le*on (?), n. See
Chaceleon. [Obs.]
Ca*mel"li*a (?), n. [NL.; -- named
after Kamel, a Jesuit who is said to have brought it from
the East.] (Bot.) An Asiatic genus of small shrubs,
often with shining leaves and showy flowers. Camellia
Japonica is much cultivated for ornament, and C.
Sassanqua and C. oleifera are grown in China for the
oil which is pressed from their seeds. The tea plant is now
referred to this genus under the name of Camellia
Thea.
Ca*mel"o*pard (k&adot;*m&ebreve;l"&osl;*pärd
or kăm"&ebreve;l*&osl;*pärd; 277),
n. [LL. camelopardus, L.
camelopardalus, camelopardalis, fr. Gr.
kamhlopa`rdalis; ka`mhlos a camel +
pa`rdalis pard, leopard: cf. F.
camélopard. The camelopard has a neck and head like
a camel, and is spotted like a pard. See Camel, and
Pard.] (Zoöl.) An African ruminant; the
giraffe. See Giraffe.
Came"lot (?), n. See
Camelet. [Obs.]
Cam"els*hair` (?), a. Of
camel's hair.
Camel's-hair pencil, a small brush used
by painters in water colors, made of camel's hair or similar
materials. -- Camel's-hair shawl. A
name often given to a cashmere shawl. See Cashmere
shawl under Cashmere.
Cam"e*o (?), n.; pl.
Cameos (#). [It cammeo; akin to F.
camée, camaïeu, Sp. camafeo, LL.
camaeus, camahutus; of unknown origin.] A
carving in relief, esp. one on a small scale used as a jewel for
personal adornment, or like.
&fist; Most cameos are carved in a material which has layers
of different colors, such stones as the onyx and sardonyx, and
various kinds of shells, being used.
Cameo conch (Zoöl.), a
large, marine, univalve shell, esp. Cassis cameo, C.
rua, and allied species, used for cutting cameos. See
Quern conch.
Cam"e*ra (?), n.; pl. E.
Cameras (#), L. Camerae (#).
[L. vault, arch, LL., chamber. See Chamber.] A
chamber, or instrument having a chamber. Specifically: The
camera obscura when used in photography. See
Camera, and Camera obscura.
Bellows camera. See under
Bellows. -- In camera (Law),
in a judge's chamber, that is, privately; as, a judge hears
testimony which is not fit for the open court in
camera. -- Panoramic, or
Pantascopic, camera, a
photographic camera in which the lens and sensitized plate
revolve so as to expose adjacent parts of the plate successively
to the light, which reaches it through a narrow vertical slit; --
used in photographing broad landscapes. Abney.
Came"rade (?), n. See
Comrade. [Obs.]
Cam`e*ra*lis"tic (?), a. Of or
pertaining to finance and public revenue.
Cam`e*ra*lis"tics (?), n. [Cf. F.
caméralistique, G. kameralistik, fr. L.
camera vault, LL., chamber, treasury.] The science of
finance or public revenue.
||Cam"e*ra lu"ci*da (?). [L. camera chamber +
L. lucidus, lucida, lucid, light.] (Opt.)
An instrument which by means of a prism of a peculiar form,
or an arrangement of mirrors, causes an apparent image of an
external object or objects to appear as if projected upon a plane
surface, as of paper or canvas, so that the outlines may
conveniently traced. It is generally used with the
microscope.
||Cam"e*ra ob*scu"ra (?). [LL. camera chamber
+ L. obscurus, obscura, dark.] (Opt.)
1. An apparatus in which the images of
external objects, formed by a convex lens or a concave mirror,
are thrown on a paper or other white surface placed in the focus
of the lens or mirror within a darkened chamber, or box, so that
the outlines may be traced.
2. (Photog.) An apparatus in which
the image of an external object or objects is, by means of
lenses, thrown upon a sensitized plate or surface placed at the
back of an extensible darkened box or chamber variously modified;
-- commonly called simply the camera.
Cam"er*ate (?), v. i. [imp.
& p. p. Camerated; p. pr. & vb.
n. Camerzting.] [L. cameratus, p. p. of
camerare. See Camber.] 1. To
build in the form of a vault; to arch over.
2. To divide into chambers.
Cam`er*a"tion (?), n. [L.
cameratio.] A vaulting or arching over.
[R.]
||Ca`mer*lin"go (?), n. [It.]
The papal chamberlain; the cardinal who presides over the
pope's household. He has at times possessed great power.
[Written also camerlengo and camarlengo.]
Cam`e*ro"ni*an (?), n. A
follower of the Rev. Richard Cameron, a Scotch Covenanter
of the time of Charles II.
Cameron and others refused to accept the "indulgence" offered
the Presbyterian clergy, insisted on the Solemn league and
Covenant, and in 1680 declared Charles II. deposed for tyranny,
breach of faith, etc. Cameron was killed at the battle of
Airdmoss, but his followers became a denomination (afterwards
called Reformed Presbyterians) who refused to recognize laws or
institutions which they believed contrary to the kingdom of
Christ, but who now avail themselves of political rights.
Cam"is (kăm"&ibreve;s), n.
[See Chemise.] A light, loose dress or robe.
[Also written camus.] [Obs.]
All in a camis light of purple silk.
Spenser.
{ Cam`i*sade" (?), Cam`i*sa"do (?), }
n. [F. camisade a night attack; cf. It.
camiciata. See Camis.] [Obs.] (Mil.)
(a) A shirt worn by soldiers over their
uniform, in order to be able to recognize one another in a night
attack. (b) An attack by surprise by
soldiers wearing the camisado.
Give them a camisado in night season.
Holinshed.
||Cam"i*sard (?), n. [F.] One
of the French Protestant insurgents who rebelled against Louis
XIV, after the revocation of the edict of Nates; -- so called
from the peasant's smock (camise) which they
wore.
Cam"i*sa`ted (?), a. Dressed
with a shirt over the other garments.
||Cam"i*sole (?), n. [F. See
chemise.] 1. A short dressing jacket
for women.
2. A kind of straitjacket.
Cam"let (?), n. [F. camelot
(akin to Sp. camelote, chamelote, It.
cambellbito, ciambellotto, LL. camelotum,
camelinum, fr. Ar. khamlat camlet, fr. kaml
pile, plush. The word was early confused with camel,
camel's hair also being used in making it. Cf. Calamanco]
A woven fabric originally made of camel's hair, now chiefly
of goat's hair and silk, or of wool and cotton. [Sometimes
written camelot and camblet.]
&fist; They have been made plain and twilled, of single warp
and weft, of double warp, and sometimes with double weft also,
with thicker yarn. Beck (Draper's Dict. )
Cam"let*ed, a. Wavy or
undulating like camlet; veined. Sir T. Herbert.
Cam"mas (?), n. (Bot.)
See Camass.
Cam"mock (?), n. [AS.
cammoc.] (Bot.) A plant having long hard,
crooked roots, the Ononis spinosa; -- called also rest-
harrow. The Scandix Pecten-Veneris is also called
cammock.
{ Cam"o*mile, Cham"o*mile } (?),
n.[LL. camonilla, corrupted fr. Gr. &?;,
lit. earth apple, being so called from the smell of its flower.
See Humble, and Melon.] (Bot.) A genus
of herbs (Anthemis) of the Composite family. The common
camomile, A. nobilis, is used as a popular remedy. Its
flowers have a strong and fragrant and a bitter, aromatic taste.
They are tonic, febrifugal, and in large doses emetic, and the
volatile oil is carminative.
||Ca*mon"flet (?), n. [F.]
(Mil.) A small mine, sometimes formed in the wall or
side of an enemy's gallery, to blow in the earth and cut off the
retreat of the miners. Farrow.
{ Ca"mous (?), Ca"moys (?), }
a. [F. camus (equiv. to camard)
flat-nosed, fr. Celtic Cam croked + suff. -us; akin
to L. camur, camurus, croked.] Flat;
depressed; crooked; -- said only of the nose. [Obs.]
Ca"moused, (&?;), a. [From
Camouse] Depressed; flattened. [Obs.]
Though my nose be cammoused.
B. Jonson
Ca"mous*ly, adv. Awry.
[Obs.] Skelton.
Camp (kămp), n. [F.
camp, It. campo, fr. L. campus plant, field;
akin to Gr. kh^pos garden. Cf. Campaign,
Champ, n.] 1. The
ground or spot on which tents, huts, etc., are erected for
shelter, as for an army or for lumbermen, etc.
Shak.
2. A collection of tents, huts, etc., for
shelter, commonly arranged in an orderly manner.
Forming a camp in the neighborhood of
Boston.
W. Irving.
3. A single hut or shelter; as, a
hunter's camp.
4. The company or body of persons
encamped, as of soldiers, of surveyors, of lumbermen,
etc.
The camp broke up with the confusion of a
flight.
Macaulay.
5. (Agric.) A mound of earth in
which potatoes and other vegetables are stored for protection
against frost; -- called also burrow and pie.
[Prov. Eng.]
6. [Cf. OE. & AS. camp contest, battle.
See champion.] An ancient game of football, played in
some parts of England. Halliwell.
Camp bedstead, a light bedstead that can
be folded up onto a small space for easy transportation. --
camp ceiling (Arch.), a kind ceiling
often used in attics or garrets, in which the side walls are
inclined inward at the top, following the slope of the rafters,
to meet the plane surface of the upper ceiling. --
Camp chair, a light chair that can be
folded up compactly for easy transportation; the seat and back
are often made of strips or pieces of carpet. --
Camp fever, typhus fever. --
Camp follower, a civilian accompanying an
army, as a sutler, servant, etc. -- Camp
meeting, a religious gathering for open-air
preaching, held in some retired spot, chiefly by Methodists. It
usually last for several days, during which those present lodge
in tents, temporary houses, or cottages. -- Camp
stool, the same as camp chair, except that
the stool has no back. -- Flying camp
(Mil.), a camp or body of troops formed for rapid
motion from one place to another. Farrow. --
To pitch (a) camp, to set up the tents or
huts of a camp. -- To strike camp, to
take down the tents or huts of a camp.
Camp (kămp), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Camped (kămt; 215);
p. pr. & vb n. Camping.] To afford
rest or lodging for, as an army or travelers.
Had our great palace the capacity
To camp this host, we all would sup together.
Shak.
Camp, v. i. 1.
To pitch or prepare a camp; to encamp; to lodge in a camp; -
- often with out.
They camped out at night, under the
stars.
W. Irving.
2. [See Camp, n., 6]
To play the game called camp. [Prov. Eng.]
Tusser.
Cam*pa"gna (c&adot;m*pä"ny&adot;),
n. [It. See Campaigg.] An open
level tract of country; especially "Campagna di Roma." The
extensive undulating plain which surrounds Rome.
&fist; Its length is commonly stated to be about ninety miles,
and its breadth from twenty-seven to forty miles. The ground is
almost entirely volcanic, and vapors which arise from the
district produce malaria.
||Cam`pa`gnol" (?), n. [F. , fr.
campagne field.] (Zoöl.) A mouse
(Arvicala agrestis), called also meadow mouse,
which often does great damage in fields and gardens, by feeding
on roots and seeds.
Cam*paign" (?), n. [F.
campagne, It. campagna, fr. L. Campania the
level country about Naples, fr. campus field. See
Camp, and cf. Champaign, Champagne.]
1. An open field; a large, open plain
without considerable hills. SeeChampaign.
Grath.
2. (Mil.) A connected series of
military operations forming a distinct stage in a war; the time
during which an army keeps the field. Wilhelm.
3. Political operations preceding an
election; a canvass. [Cant, U. S.]
4. (Metal.) The period during
which a blast furnace is continuously in operation.
Cam*paign" (?), v. i. To serve
in a campaign.
Cam*paign"er (?), n. One who
has served in an army in several campaigns; an old soldier; a
veteran.
Cam*pa"na (?), n. [LL.
campana bell. Cf. Campanle.] 1.
(Eccl.) A church bell.
2. (Bot.) The pasque flower.
Drayton.
3. (Doric Arch.) Same as
Gutta.
Cam*paned" (?), a. (Her.)
Furnished with, or bearing, campanes, or bells.
||Cam`pa*ne"ro (?), n. [Sp., a
bellman.] (Zoöl.) The bellbird of South America.
See Bellbird.
Cam*panes" (?), n. pl. [See
Campana.] (Her.) Bells. [R.]
||Cam*pa"ni*a (?), n. [See
Campaig.] Open country. Sir W.
Temple.
Cam*pan"i*form (?), a. [LL.
campana bell + -form: cf. F. companiforme.]
Bell-shaped.
||Cam`pa*ni"le (?), n. [It.
campanile bell tower, steeple, fr. It. & LL.
campana bell.] (Arch.) A bell tower, esp. one
built separate from a church.
Many of the campaniles of Italy are lofty
and magnificent structures.
Swift.
Cam`pa*nil"i*form (?), a. [See
Campaniform.] Bell-shaped; campanulate;
campaniform.
Cam`pa*nol"o*gist (?), n. One
skilled in campanology; a bell ringer.
Cam`pa*nol"o*gy (?), n. [LL.
campana bell + -logy.] The art of ringing
bells, or a treatise on the art.
||Cam*pan"u*la (kăm*păn"&usl;*l&adot;),
n. [LL. campanula a little bell; dim. of
campana bell.] (Bot.) A large genus of plants
bearing bell-shaped flowers, often of great beauty; -- also
called bellflower.
Cam*pan`u*la"ceous
(kăm*păn`&usl;*lā"shŭs),
a. (Bot.) Of pertaining to, or
resembling, the family of plants (Campanulaceæ) of
which Campanula is the type, and which includes the Canterbury
bell, the harebell, and the Venus's looking-glass.
Cam*pan`u*la"ri*an (?), n. [L.
campanula a bell.] (Zoöl.) A hydroid of
the family Campanularidæ, characterized by having
the polyps or zooids inclosed in bell-shaped calicles or
hydrothecæ.
Cam*pan"u*late (?), a.
(Bot.) Bell-shaped.
Camp"bell*ite (?), n. [From
Alexander Campbell, of Virginia.] (Eccl.) A
member of the denomination called Christians or Disciples of
Christ. They themselves repudiate the term Campbellite as
a nickname. See Christian, 3.
Cam*peach"y Wood` (?). [From the bay of
Campeachy, in Mexico.] Logwood.
Camp"er (?), n. One who lodges
temporarily in a hut or camp.
{ Cam*pes"tral (?), Cam*pes"tri*an (?), }
a. [L. campester, fr. campus
field.] Relating to an open field; growing in a field, or
open ground.
Camp"fight` (?), n. [Cf.
Camp, n., 6.] (O. Eng. Law.)
A duel; the decision of a case by a duel.
Cam"phene (kăm"fēn or
kăm*fēn"), n. (Chem.)
One of a series of substances C10H16,
resembling camphor, regarded as modified terpenes.
Cam*phine" (kăm*fēn" or
kăm"f&ibreve;n), n. [From
Camphor.] Rectified oil of turpentine, used for
burning in lamps, and as a common solvent in varnishes.
&fist; The name is also applied to a mixture of this substance
with three times its volume of alcohol and sometimes a little
ether, used as an illuminant.
Cam"phire (kăm"fīr),
n. An old spelling of
Camphor.
Cam"pho*gen (?), n. [Camphor
+ -gen: -- formerly so called as derived from camphor: cf.
F. camphogène.] (Chem.) See
Cymene.
Cam"phol (?), n. [Camphor +
-ol.] (Chem.) See Borneol.
Cam"phor (kăm"f&etilde;r),
n. [OE. camfere, F. camphre (cf.
It. canfora, Sp. camfora, alcanfor, LL.
canfora, camphora, NGr. kafoyra`), fr.
Ar. kāfūr, prob. fr. Skr.
karpūra.] 1. A tough, white,
aromatic resin, or gum, obtained from different species of the
Laurus family, esp. from Cinnamomum camphora (the
Laurus camphora of Linnæus.). Camphor,
C10H16O, is volatile and fragrant, and is
used in medicine as a diaphoretic, a stimulant, or
sedative.
2. A gum resembling ordinary camphor,
obtained from a tree (Dryobalanops camphora) growing in
Sumatra and Borneo; -- called also Malay camphor,
camphor of Borneo, or borneol. See
Borneol.
&fist; The name camphor is also applied to a number of
bodies of similar appearance and properties, as cedar
camphor, obtained from the red or pencil cedar (Juniperus
Virginiana), and peppermint camphor, or
menthol, obtained from the oil of peppermint.
Camphor oil (Chem.), name
variously given to certain oil-like products, obtained especially
from the camphor tree. -- Camphor tree,
a large evergreen tree (Cinnamomum Camphora) with lax,
smooth branches and shining triple-nerved lanceolate leaves,
probably native in China, but now cultivated in most warm
countries. Camphor is collected by a process of steaming the
chips of the wood and subliming the product.
Cam"phor (?), v. t. To
impregnate or wash with camphor; to camphorate. [R.]
Tatler.
Cam`pho*ra"ceous (?), a. Of
the nature of camphor; containing camphor.
Dunglison.
Cam"phor*ate (?), v. t. To
impregnate or treat with camphor.
Cam"phor*ate (?), n. [Cf. F.
camphorate.] (Chem.) A salt of camphoric
acid.
{ Cam"phor*ate (?), Cam"por*a`ted (?),
}Combined or impregnated with camphor.
Camphorated oil, an oleaginous
preparation containing camphor, much used as an
embrocation.
Cam*phor"ic (?), a. [Cf. F.
camphorique.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or
derived from, camphor.
Camphoric acid, a white crystallizable
substance, C10H16O4, obtained
from the oxidation of camphor.
&fist; Other acids of camphor are campholic acid,
C10H18O2, and camphoronic
acid, C9H12O5, white
crystallizable substances.
Cam*phret"ic (?), a. [rom
Camphor.] Pertaining to, or derived from
camphor. [R.]
Camp"ing (?), n. 1.
Lodging in a camp.
2. [See Camp, n., 6]
A game of football. [Prov. Eng.]
Cam"pi*on (?), n. [Prob. fr. L.
campus field.] (Bot.) A plant of the Pink
family (Cucubalus bacciferus), bearing berries regarded as
poisonous.
Bladder campion, a plant of the Pink
family (Cucubalus Behen or Silene inflata), having
a much inflated calyx. See Behen. -- Rose
campion, a garden plant (Lychnis coronaria)
with handsome crimson flowers.
||Cam"pus (?), n. [L., a field.]
The principal grounds of a college or school, between the
buildings or within the main inclosure; as, the college
campus.
Cam`py*lo*sper"mous (?), a. [Gr.
&?; curved + &?; seed.] (Bot.) Having seeds grooved
lengthwise on the inner face, as in sweet cicely.
Cam`py*lot"ro*pous (?), a. [Gr. &?;
curved + &?; a turning.] (Bot.) Having the ovules and
seeds so curved, or bent down upon themselves, that the ends of
the embryo are brought close together.
Cam"us (?), n. See
Camis. [Obs.]
Cam"wood (?), n. See
Barwood.
Can (?), an obs. form of began,
imp. & p. p. of Begin, sometimes used in old poetry. [See
Gan.]
With gentle words he can faile gree.
Spenser.
Can, n. [OE. & AS. canne;
akin to D. Kan, G. Kanne, OHG. channa, Sw.
Kanna, Dan. kande.] 1. A
drinking cup; a vessel for holding liquids. [Shak.
]
Fill the cup and fill can,
Have a rouse before the morn.
Tennyson.
2. A vessel or case of tinned iron or of
sheet metal, of various forms, but usually cylindrical; as, a
can of tomatoes; an oil can; a milk
can.
&fist; A can may be a cylinder open at the top, as for
receiving the sliver from a carding machine, or with a removable
cover or stopper, as for holding tea, spices, milk, oysters,
etc., or with handle and spout, as for holding oil, or
hermetically sealed, in canning meats, fruits, etc. The name is
also sometimes given to the small glass or earthenware jar used
in canning.
Can (?), v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Canned (?); p. pr. &vb. n.
Canning.] To preserve by putting in sealed cans
[U. S.] "Canned meats" W. D. Howells.
Canned goods, a general name for fruit,
vegetables, meat, or fish, preserved in hermetically sealed
cans.
Can (?), v. t. & i. [The transitive
use is obsolete.] [imp. Could (#).] [OE.
cunnen, cannen (1st sing. pres. I can), to
know, know how, be able, AS. cunnan, 1st sing. pres. ic
cann or can, pl. cunnon, 1st sing. imp.
cūðe (for cunðe); p. p.
cūð (for cunð); akin to OS.
Kunnan, D. Kunnen, OHG. chunnan, G.
können, Icel. kunna, Goth. Kunnan, and
E. ken to know. The present tense I can (AS. ic
cann) was originally a preterit, meaning I have known
or Learned, and hence I know, know how.
√45. See Ken, Know; cf. Con,
Cunning, Uncouth.] 1. To
know; to understand. [Obs.]
I can rimes of Rodin Hood.
Piers Plowman.
I can no Latin, quod she.
Piers Plowman.
Let the priest in surplice white,
That defunctive music can.
Shak.
2. To be able to do; to have power or
influence. [Obs.]
The will of Him who all things can.
Milton.
For what, alas, can these my single
arms?
Shak.
Mæcænas and Agrippa, who can
most with Cæsar.
Beau. & Fl.
3. To be able; -- followed by an
infinitive without to; as, I can go, but do not
wish to.
Syn. -- Can but, Can not but. It is an
error to use the former of these phrases where the sens requires
the latter. If we say, "I can but perish if I go," "But"
means only, and denotes that this is all or the worst that
can happen. When the apostle Peter said. "We can not but
speak of the things which we have seen and heard." he referred to
a moral constraint or necessety which rested upon him and his
associates; and the meaning was, We cannot help speaking, We
cannot refrain from speaking. This idea of a moral necessity or
constraint is of frequent occurrence, and is also expressed in
the phrase, "I can not help it." Thus we say. "I can
not but hope," "I can not but believe," "I can not
but think," "I can not but remark," etc., in cases in
which it would be an error to use the phrase can but.
Yet he could not but acknowledge to himself
that there was something calculated to impress awe, . . . in the
sudden appearances and vanishings . . . of the masque
De Quincey.
Tom felt that this was a rebuff for him, and
could not but understand it as a left-handed hit at his
employer.
Dickens.
Ca"naan*ite (?), n.
1. A descendant of Canaan, the son of Ham,
and grandson of Noah.
2. A Native or inhabitant of the land of
Canaan, esp. a member of any of the tribes who inhabited Canaan
at the time of the exodus of the Israelites from Egypt.
Ca"naan*ite, n. [From an Aramaic
word signifying "zeal."] A zealot. "Simon the
Canaanite." Matt. x. 4.
&fist; This was the "Simon called Zelotes" (Luke vi.
15), i.e., Simon the zealot. Kitto.
Ca"naan*i`tish (?), a. Of or
pertaining to Canaan or the Canaanites.
||Ca*ña"da (?), n. [Sp.]
A small cañon; a narrow valley or glen; also, but
less frequently, an open valley. [Local, Western U. S.]
Can"a*da (?), n. A British
province in North America, giving its name to various plants and
animals.
Canada balsam. See under
Balsam. -- Canada goose.
(Zoöl.) See Wild goose. --
Canada jay. See Whisky Jack. --
Canada lynx. (Zoöl.) See
Lynx. -- Canada porcupine
(Zoöl.) See Porcupine, and
Urson. -- Canada rice (Bot.)
See under Rick. -- Canada robin
(Zoöl.), the cedar bird.
Ca*na"di*an (?), a. Of or
pertaining to Canada. -- n. A native
or inhabitant of Canada.
Canadian period (Geol.), A
subdivision of the American Lower Silurian system embracing the
calciferous, Quebec, and Chazy epochs. This period immediately
follows the primordial or Cambrian period, and is by many
geologists regarded as the beginning of the Silurian age, See the
Diagram, under Geology.
Ca*naille" (?), n. [F.
canaille (cf. It. canaglia), prop. and orig. a pack
of dogs, fr. L. Canis dog.]
1. The lowest class of people; the
rabble; the vulgar.
2. Shorts or inferior flour.
[Canadian]
Can"a*kin (?), n. [Dim. of
can.] A little can or cup. "And let me the
canakin clink." Shak.
Ca*nal" (?), n. [F. canal,
from L. canalis canal, channel; prob. from a root
signifying "to cut"; cf. D. kanaal, fr. the French. Cf.
Channel, Kennel gutter.]
1. An artificial channel filled with
water and designed for navigation, or for irrigating land,
etc.
2. (Anat.) A tube or duct; as, the
alimentary canal; the semicircular canals of the
ear.
Canal boat, a boat for use on a canal;
esp. one of peculiar shape, carrying freight, and drawn by horses
walking on the towpath beside the canal. -- Canal
lock. See Lock.
Can"al coal` (?). See Cannel
coal.
{ Can`a*lic"u*late (?), Can`a*lic"u*la`ted
(?), } a. [L. canaliculatus channeled,
fr. canaliculus, dim. of canalis. See
Canal.] Having a channel or groove, as in the
leafstalks of most palms.
||Can`a*lic"u*lus (?), n.;
pl. Canaliculi (#). [L.] (Anat.)
A minute canal.
Ca*nal`i*za"tion (?), n.
Construction of, or furnishing with, a canal or
canals. [R.]
Ca*nard" (?), n. [F., properly, a
duck.] An extravagant or absurd report or story; a
fabricated sensational report or statement; esp. one set afloat
in the newspapers to hoax the public.
Can`a*rese" (?), a. Pertaining
to Canara, a district of British India.
Ca*na"ry (?), a. [F.
Canarie, L. Canaria insula one of the Canary
islands, said to be so called from its large dogs, fr.
canis dog.] 1. Of or pertaining to
the Canary Islands; as, canary wine; canary
birds.
2. Of a pale yellowish color; as,
Canary stone.
Canary grass, a grass of the genus
Phalaris (P. Canariensis), producing the seed used
as food for canary birds. -- Canary stone
(Min.), a yellow species of carnelian, named from its
resemblance in color to the plumage of the canary bird. --
Canary wood, the beautiful wood of the
trees Persea Indica and P. Canariensis, natives of
Madeira and the Canary Islands. -- Canary
vine. See Canary bird flower, under
Canary bird.
Ca*na"ry, n.; pl.
Canaries (#). 1. Wine made
in the Canary Islands; sack. "A cup of canary."
Shak.
2. A canary bird.
3. A pale yellow color, like that of a
canary bird.
4. A quick and lively dance.
[Obs.]
Make you dance canary
With sprightly fire and motion.
Shak.
Ca*na"ry (?), v. i. To perform
the canary dance; to move nimbly; to caper. [Obs.]
But to jig of a tune at the tongue's end,
canary to it with your feet.
Shak.
Ca*na"ry bird` (?). (Zoöl.) A small
singing bird of the Finch family (Serinus Canarius), a
native of the Canary Islands. It was brought to Europe in the
16th century, and made a household pet. It generally has a
yellowish body with the wings and tail greenish, but in its wild
state it is more frequently of gray or brown color. It is
sometimes called canary finch.
Canary bird flower (Bot.), a
climbing plant (Tropæolum peregrinum) with canary-
colored flowers of peculiar form; -- called also canary
vine.
Ca*nas"ter (?), n. [Sp.
canasta, canastro, basket, fr. L. canistrum.
See Canister.] A kind of tobacco for smoking, made of
the dried leaves, coarsely broken; -- so called from the rush
baskets in which it is packed in South America.
McElrath.
Can" buoy` (?). See under Buoy,
n.
||Can"can (?), n. [F.] A
rollicking French dance, accompanied by indecorous or extravagant
postures and gestures.
Can"cel (?), v. i. [imp. &
p. p. Canceled or Cancelled (&?;);
p. pr. & vb. n. Canceling or
Cancelling.] [L. cancellare to make like a lattice,
to strike or cross out (cf. Fr. canceller, OF.
canceler) fr. cancelli lattice, crossbars, dim. of
cancer lattice; cf. Gr. &?; latticed gate. Cf.
Chancel.] 1. To inclose or surround,
as with a railing, or with latticework. [Obs.]
A little obscure place canceled in with
iron work is the pillar or stump at which . . . our Savior was
scourged.
Evelyn.
2. To shut out, as with a railing or with
latticework; to exclude. [Obs.] "Canceled from
heaven." Milton.
3. To cross and deface, as the lines of a
writing, or as a word or figure; to mark out by a cross line; to
blot out or obliterate.
A deed may be avoided by delivering it up to be
cancelled; that is, to have lines drawn over it in the
form of latticework or cancelli; though the phrase is now
used figuratively for any manner of obliterating or defacing
it.
Blackstone.
4. To annul or destroy; to revoke or
recall.
The indentures were canceled.
Thackeray.
He was unwilling to cancel the interest
created through former secret services, by being refractory on
this occasion.
Sir W. Scott.
5. (Print.) To suppress or omit;
to strike out, as matter in type.
Canceled figures (Print), figures
cast with a line across the face., as for use in
arithmetics.
Syn. -- To blot out; obliterate; deface; erase; efface;
expunge; annul; abolish; revoke; abrogate; repeal; destroy; do
away; set aside. See Abolish.
Can"cel, n. [See Cancel,
v. i., and cf. Chancel.]
1. An inclosure; a boundary; a
limit. [Obs.]
A prison is but a retirement, and opportunity of
serious thoughts, to a person whose spirit . . . desires no
enlargement beyond the cancels of the body.
Jer. Taylor.
2. (Print) (a) The
suppression or striking out of matter in type, or of a printed
page or pages. (b) The part thus
suppressed.
Can`cel*ier" (?), v. i. [F.
chanceler, OF. canseler, to waver, orig. to cross
the legs so as not to fall; from the same word as E.
cancel.] (Falconry) To turn in flight; -- said
of a hawk. [Obs.] Nares.
He makes his stoop; but wanting breath, is
forced
To cancelier.
Massinger.
{ Can`cel*ier" (?), Can"cel*eer (?) },
n. (Falconry) The turn of a hawk
upon the wing to recover herself, when she misses her aim in the
stoop. [Obs.]
The fierce and eager hawks, down thrilling from
the skies,
Make sundry canceliers ere they the fowl can reach.
Drayton.
Can`cel*la"re*an (?), a.
Cancellarean. [R.]
Can"cel*late (?), a. [L.
cancellatus, p. p. of cancellare, See
Cancel, v. t.] 1.
(Bot.) Consisting of a network of veins, without
intermediate parenchyma, as the leaves of certain plants;
latticelike.
2. (Zoöl.) Having the surface
coveres with raised lines, crossing at right angles.
Can"cel*la`ted (?), a.
1. Crossbarred; marked with cross
lines. Grew.
2. (Anat.) Open or spongy, as some
porous bones.
Can`cel*la"tion (?), n. [L.
cancellatio: cf. F. cancellation.]
1. The act, process, or result of canceling;
as, the cansellation of certain words in a contract, or of
the contract itself.
2. (Math.) The operation of
striking out common factors, in both the dividend and
divisor.
||Can*cel"li (?), n. pl. [L., a
lattice. See Cancel, v. t.]
1. An interwoven or latticed wall or
inclosure; latticework, rails, or crossbars, as around the bar of
a court of justice, between the chancel and the nave of a church,
or in a window.
2. (Anat.) The interlacing osseous
plates constituting the elastic porous tissue of certain parts of
the bones, esp. in their articular extremities.
Can"cel*lous (?), a. [Cf. L.
cancellosus covered with bars.] (Anat.) Having
a spongy or porous structure; made up of cancelli; cancellated;
as, the cancellous texture of parts of many
bones.
Can"cer (?), n. [L. cancer,
cancri, crab, ulcer, a sign of the zodiac; akin to Gr.
karki`nos, Skr. karka&tsdot;a crab, and prob.
Skr. karkara hard, the crab being named from its hard
shell. Cf. Canner, Chancre.] 1.
(Zoöl.) A genus of decapod Crustacea, including
some of the most common shore crabs of Europe and North America,
as the rock crab, Jonah crab, etc. See Crab.
2. (Astron.) (a)
The fourth of the twelve signs of the zodiac. The first
point is the northern limit of the sun's course in summer; hence,
the sign of the summer solstice. See Tropic.
(b) A northern constellation between Gemini
and Leo.
3. (Med.) Formerly, any malignant
growth, esp. one attended with great pain and ulceration, with
cachexia and progressive emaciation. It was so called, perhaps,
from the great veins which surround it, compared by the ancients
to the claws of a crab. The term is now restricted to such a
growth made up of aggregations of epithelial cells, either
without support or embedded in the meshes of a trabecular
framework.
&fist; Four kinds of cancers are recognized: (1) Epithelial
cancer, or Epithelioma, in which there is no
trabecular framework. See Epithelioma. (2) Scirrhous
cancer, or Hard cancer, in which the framework
predominates, and the tumor is of hard consistence and slow
growth. (3) Encephaloid, Medullary, or Soft cancer, in
which the cellular element predominates, and the tumor is soft,
grows rapidy, and often ulcerates. (4) Colloid cancer, in
which the cancerous structure becomes gelatinous. The last three
varieties are also called carcinoma.
Cancer cells, cells once believed to be
peculiar to cancers, but now know to be epithelial cells
differing in no respect from those found elsewhere in the body,
and distinguished only by peculiarity of location and
grouping. -- Cancer root (Bot.),
the name of several low plants, mostly parasitic on roots, as
the beech drops, the squawroot, etc. -- Tropic of
Cancer. See Tropic.
Can"cer*ate (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Cancerated.] [LL.
canceratus eaten by a cancer. See Cancer.] To
grow into a cancer; to become cancerous. Boyle.
Can`cer*a"tion (?), n. The act
or state of becoming cancerous or growing into a
cancer.
Can"cer*ite (?), n. [Cf. F.
cancéreux.] Like a cancer; having the
qualities or virulence of a cancer; affected with cancer.
"Cancerous vices." G. Eliot.
Can"cer*ous (?), a. [Cf. F.
cancéreux] Like a cancer; having the qualities
or virulence of a cancer; affected with cancer.
"cancerous vices" G. Eliot.
[1913 Webster]
-- Can"cer*ous*ly, adv. --
Can"cer*ous*ness, n.
Can"cri*form (?), a. [Cancer
+ -form; cf. F. cancriforme.] 1.
Having the form of, or resembling, a crab; crab-
shaped.
2. Like a cancer; cancerous.
Can"crine (?), a. [From
Cancer.] Having the qualities of a crab;
crablike.
Can"cri*nite (?), n. [Named after
Count Cancrin, a minister of finance in Russia.]
(Min.) A mineral occurring in hexagonal crystals,
also massive, generally of a yellow color, containing silica,
alumina, lime, soda, and carbon dioxide.
Can"croid (?), a. [Cancer +
oid.] 1. (Zoöl.)
Resembling a crab; pertaining to the Cancroidea, one
of the families of crabs, including the genus
Cancer.
2. Like a cancer; as, a cancroid
tumor.
Cand (?), n. Fluor spar. See
Kand.
Can`de*la"brum (?) n.; pl.
L. Candelabra (#), E.
Candelabrums (#). [L., fr. candela
candle. See candle.] 1. (Antiq.)
(a) A lamp stand of any sort.
(b) A highly ornamented stand of marble or
other ponderous material, usually having three feet, --
frequently a votive offering to a temple.
2. A large candlestick, having several
branches.
Can`dent (?), a. [L.
candens, p. pr. of candëre to glitter. See
Candid.] Heated to whiteness; glowing with
heat. "A candent vessel." Boyle.
||Can"de*ros (?), n. An East
Indian resin, of a pellucid white color, from which small
ornaments and toys are sometimes made.
Can*des"cence (?), n. See
Incandescence.
Can"di*cant (?), a. [L.
candicans, p. pr. of candicare to be whitish.]
Growing white. [Obs.]
Can*did (kăn"d&ibreve;d), a.
[F. candide (cf. It. candido), L. candidus
white, fr. candēre to be of a glowing white; akin to
accend&ebreve;re, incend&ebreve;re, to set on fire,
Skr. chand to shine. Cf. Candle, Incense.]
1. White. [Obs.]
The box receives all black; but poured from
thence,
The stones came candid forth, the hue of innocence.
Dryden.
2. Free from undue bias; disposed to
think and judge according to truth and justice, or without
partiality or prejudice; fair; just; impartial; as, a
candid opinion. "Candid and dispassionate
men." W. Irving.
3. Open; frank; ingenuous;
outspoken.
Syn. -- Fair; open; ingenuous; impartial; just; frank;
artless; unbiased; equitable. -- Candid, Fair,
Open, Frank, Ingenuous. A man is fair
when he puts things on a just or equitable footing; he is
candid when be looks impartially on both sides of a
subject, doing justice especially to the motives and conduct of
an opponent; he is open and frank when he declares
his sentiments without reserve; he is ingenuous when he
does this from a noble regard for truth. Fair dealing;
candid investigation; an open temper; a
frank disposition; an ingenuous answer or
declaration.
Can"di*da*cy (?), n. The
position of a candidate; state of being a candidate;
candidateship.
Can"di*date (?), n. [L.
Candidatus, n. (because candidates for office in Rome were
clothed in a white toga.) fr. candidatus clothed in white,
fr. candiduslittering, white: cf. F. candidat.]
One who offers himself, or is put forward by others, as a
suitable person or an aspirant or contestant for an office,
privilege, or honor; as, a candidate for the office of
governor; a candidate for holy orders; a candidate
for scholastic honors.
Can"di*date*ship, n.
Candidacy.
Can"di*da`ting (?), n. The
taking of the position of a candidate; specifically, the
preaching of a clergyman with a view to settlement. [Cant,
U. S.]
Can"di*da*ture (?), n.
Candidacy.
Can"did*ly (?), adv. In a
candid manner.
Can"did*ness, n. The quality
of being candid.
Can"died (?), a. [From 1st
Candy.] 1. Preserved in or with
sugar; incrusted with a candylike substance; as, candied
fruits.
2. (a) Converted wholly
or partially into sugar or candy; as candied sirup.
(b) Conted or more or less with sugar; as,
candidied raisins. (c)
Figuratively; Honeyed; sweet; flattering.
Let the candied tongue lick absurd
pomp.
Shak.
3. Covered or incrusted with that which
resembles sugar or candy.
Will the cold brook,
Candiedwith ice, caudle thy morning tast?
Shak.
Can"di*fy (?), v. t. or v. i. [L.
candificare; candëre to be white + -
facere to make.] To make or become white, or
candied. [R.]
Can"di*ot (?), a. [Cf. F.
candiote.] Of or pertaining to Candia;
Cretary.
Can"dite (?), n. (Min.)
A variety of spinel, of a dark color, found at Candy, in
Ceylon.
Can"dle (?), n. [OE. candel,
candel, AS, candel, fr. L. candela a (white)
light made of wax or tallow, fr. candëre to be white.
See Candid, and cf. Chandler, Cannel,
Kindle.] 1. A slender, cylindrical
body of tallow, containing a wick composed of loosely twisted
linen of cotton threads, and used to furnish light.
How far that little candle throws his
beams!
So shines a good deed in a naughty world.
Shak.
&fist; Candles are usually made by repeatedly dipping the
wicks in the melted tallow, etc. ("dipped candles"), or by
casting or running in a mold.
2. That which gives light; a
luminary.
By these blessed candles of the night.
Shak.
Candle nut, the fruit of a
euphorbiaceous shrub (Aleurites triloba), a native of some
of the Pacific islands; -- socalled because, when dry, it will
burn with a bright flame, and is used by the natives as a candle.
The oil has many uses. -- Candle power
(Photom.), illuminating power, as of a lamp, or gas
flame, reckoned in terms of the light of a standard candle.
-- Electric candle, A modification of the
electric arc lamp, in which the carbon rods, instead of being
placed end to end, are arranged side by side, and at a distance
suitable for the formation of the arc at the tip; -- called also,
from the name of the inventor, Jablockoff candle. --
Excommunication by inch of candle, a form
of excommunication in which the offender is allowed time to
repent only while a candle burns. -- Not worth the
candle, not worth the cost or trouble. --
Rush candle, a candle made of the pith of
certain rushes, peeled except on one side, and dipped in
grease. -- Sale by inch of candle, an
auction in which persons are allowed to bid only till a small
piece of candle burns out. -- Standard
candle (Photom.), a special form of candle
employed as a standard in photometric measurements; usually, a
candle of spermaceti so constructed as to burn at the rate of 120
grains, or 7.8 grams, per hour. -- To curse by bell,
book and candle. See under Bell.
Can"dle*ber`ry tree (?). (Bot.) A shrub
(the Myrica cerifera, or wax-bearing myrtle), common in
North America, the little nuts of which are covered with a
greenish white wax, which was formerly, used for hardening
candles; -- also called bayberry tree, bayberry, or
candleberry.
Can"dle*bomb` (#), n.
1. A small glass bubble, filled with water,
which, if placed in the flame of a candle, bursts by expansion of
steam.
2. A pasteboard shell used in signaling.
It is filled with a composition which makes a brilliant light
when it explodes. Farrow.
Can"dle coal` (#). See Cannel
coal.
Can"dle*fish` (#), n.
(Zoöl.) (a) A marine fish
(Thaleichthys Pacificus), allied to the smelt, found on
the north Pacific coast; -- called also eulachon. It is so
oily that, when dried, it may be used as a candle, by drawing a
wick through it. (b) The
beshow.
Can"dle*hold`er (#), n. One
who, or that which, holds a candle; also, one who assists
another, but is otherwise not of importance.
Shak.
Can"dle*light`, n. The light
of a candle.
Never went by candlelight to bed.
Dryden.
Can"dle*mas (#), n. [AS.
candelmæsse, candel candle +
mæsse mass.] The second day of February, on
which is celebrated the feast of the Purification of the Virgin
Mary; -- so called because the candles for the altar or other
sacred uses are blessed on that day.
Can"dle*stick` (?), n. [AS.
candel-sticca; candel candle + sticca
stick.] An instrument or utensil for supporting a
candle.
Can"dle*wast`er (?), n. One
who consumes candles by being up late for study or
dissipation.
A bookworm, a candlewaster.
B. Jonson.
Can"dock (?) n. [Prob. fr. can +
dock (the plant). Cf. G. kannenkraut horsetail, lit.
"canweed."] (Bot.) A plant or weed that grows in
rivers; a species of Equisetum; also, the yellow frog lily
(Nuphar luteum).
Can"dor (?), n. [Written also
candour.] [L. candor, fr. candëre; cf.
F. candeur. See candid.]
1. Whiteness; brightness; (as applied to
moral conditions) usullied purity; innocence. [Obs.]
Nor yor unquestioned integrity
Shall e'er be sullied with one taint or spot
That may take from your innocence and candor.
Massinger.
2. A disposition to treat subjects with
fairness; freedom from prejudice or disguise; frankness;
sincerity.
Attribute superior sagacity and candor to
those who held that side of the question.
Whewell.
Can"droy (?), n. A machine for
spreading out cotton cloths to prepare them for
printing.
Can"dy (?), v. t. [imp. &
p. p. Candied (?); p. pr & vb.
n. Candying.] [F. candir (cf. It.
candire, Sp. azúcar cande or candi),
fr. Ar. & Pers. qand, fr. Skr. Khan.d.da piece,
sugar in pieces or lumps, fr. khan.d., khad. to
break.] 1. To conserve or boil in sugar; as,
to candy fruits; to candy ginger.
2. To make sugar crystals of or in; to
form into a mass resembling candy; as, to candy
sirup.
3. To incrust with sugar or with candy,
or with that which resembles sugar or candy.
Those frosts that winter brings
Which candy every green.
Drayson.
Can"dy (?), v. i.
1. To have sugar crystals form in or on; as,
fruits preserved in sugar candy after a time.
2. To be formed into candy; to solidify
in a candylike form or mass.
Can"dy n. [F. candi. See
Candy, v. t.] A more or less solid
article of confectionery made by boiling sugar or molasses to the
desired consistency, and than crystallizing, molding, or working
in the required shape. It is often flavored or colored, and
sometimes contains fruit, nuts, etc.
||Candy, n. [Mahratta
khan.d.ī, Tamil kan.d.i.] A weight, at
Madras 500 pounds, at Bombay 560 pounds.
Can"dy*tuft` (?), n. (Bot.)
An annual plant of the genus Iberis, cultivated in
gardens. The name was originally given to the I.
umbellata, first, discovered in the island of
Candia.
Cane (kān), n. [OE.
cane, canne, OF. cane, F. canne, L.
canna, fr. Gr. ka`nna, ka`nnh; prob.
of Semitic origin; cf. Heb. qāneh reed. Cf.
Canister, canon, 1st Cannon.]
1. (Bot.) (a) A
name given to several peculiar palms, species of Calamus
and Dæmanorops, having very long, smooth flexible
stems, commonly called rattans. (b)
Any plant with long, hard, elastic stems, as reeds and
bamboos of many kinds; also, the sugar cane.
(c) Stems of other plants are sometimes
called canes; as, the canes of a raspberry.
Like light canes, that first rise big and
brave.
B. Jonson.
&fist; In the Southern United States great cane is the
Arundinaria macrosperma, and small cane is. A.
tecta.
2. A walking stick; a staff; -- so called
because originally made of one of the species of cane.
Stir the fire with your master's cane.
Swift.
3. A lance or dart made of cane.
[R.]
Judgelike thou sitt'st, to praise or to
arraign
The flying skirmish of the darted cane.
Dryden.
4. A local European measure of length.
See Canna.
Cane borer (Zoö.), A beetle
(Oberea bimaculata) which, in the larval state, bores into
pith and destroy the canes or stalks of the raspberry,
blackberry, etc. -- Cane mill, a mill
for grinding sugar canes, for the manufacture of sugar. --
Cane trash, the crushed stalks and other
refuse of sugar cane, used for fuel, etc.
Cane (kān), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Caned (kānd);
p. pr. & vb. n. Caning.]
1. To beat with a cane.
Macaulay.
2. To make or furnish with cane or
rattan; as, to cane chairs.
Cane"brake` (-brāk`), n.
A thicket of canes. Ellicott.
Caned (kānd), a. [Cf. L.
canus white.] Filled with white flakes; mothery; --
said vinegar when containing mother. [Prov. Eng.]
Halliwell.
||Ca*nel"la (k&adot;*n&ebreve;l"l&adot;),
n. [LL. (OE. canel, canelle,
cinnamon, fr. F. cannelle), Dim. of L. canna a
reed. Canella is so called from the shape of the rolls of
prepared bark. See Cane.] (Bot.) A genus of
trees of the order Canellaceæ, growing in the West
Indies.
&fist; The principal species is Canella alba, and its
bark is a spice and drug exported under the names of wild
cinnamon and whitewood bark.
Ca*nes"cent (?), a. [L.
canescens, p. pr. of canescere, v. inchoative of
canere to be white.] Growing white, or assuming a
color approaching to white.
Can" hook` (?). A device consisting of a short
rope with flat hooks at each end, for hoisting casks or barrels
by the ends of the staves.
||Ca*nic"u*la (?), n. [L.
canicula, lit., a little dog, a dim. of canis dog;
cf. F. canicule.] (Astron.) The Dog Star;
Sirius.
Ca*nic"u*lar (?), a. [L.
canicularis; cf. F. caniculaire.] Pertaining
to, or measured, by the rising of the Dog Star.
Canicular days, the dog days, See Dog
days. -- Canicular year, the
Egyptian year, computed from one heliacal rising of the Dog Star
to another.
Can"i*cule (?), n.
Canicula. Addison.
Ca*ni"nal (?), a. See
Canine, a.
Ca*nine" (?), a. [L.
caninus, fr. canis dog: cf. F. canin. See
Hound.] 1. Of or pertaining to the
family Canidæ, or dogs and wolves; having the nature
or qualities of a dog; like that or those of a dog.
2. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the
pointed tooth on each side the incisors.
Canine appetite, a morbidly voracious
appetite; bulimia. -- Canine letter,
the letter r. See R. -- Canine
madness, hydrophobia. -- Canine
tooth, a tooth situated between the incisor and
bicuspid teeth, so called because well developed in dogs;
usually, the third tooth from the front on each side of each jaw;
an eyetooth, or the corresponding tooth in the lower
jaw.
Ca*nine", n. (Anat.) A
canine tooth.
||Ca"nis (kă"n&ibreve;s),
n.; pl. Canes (-
nēz). [L., a dog.] (Zoöl.) A genus of
carnivorous mammals, of the family Canidæ, including
the dogs and wolves.
||Canis major [L., larger dog], a
constellation to the southeast of Orion, containing Sirius or the
Dog Star. -- ||Canis minor [L., smaller
dog], a constellation to the east of Orion, containing
Procyon, a star of the first magnitude.
Can"is*ter (kăn"&ibreve;s*t&etilde;r),
n. [L. canistrum a basket woven from
reeds Gr. &?;, fr. ka`nh, ka`nna reed; cf.
F. canistre. See Cane, and Canaster.]
1. A small basket of rushes, reeds, or
willow twigs, etc.
2. A small box or case for holding tea,
coffee, etc.
3. (Mil.) A kind of case shot for
cannon, in which a number of lead or iron balls in layers are
inclosed in a case fitting the gun; -- called also canister
shot.
Can"ker (kă&nsm;"k&etilde;r),
n. [OE. canker, cancre, AS.
cancer (akin to D. kanker, OHG chanchar.),
fr. L. cancer a cancer; or if a native word, cf. Gr. &?;
excrescence on tree, &?; gangrene. Cf. also OF. cancre, F.
chancere, fr. L. cancer. See cancer, and cf.
Chancre.]
1. A corroding or sloughing ulcer; esp. a
spreading gangrenous ulcer or collection of ulcers in or about
the mouth; -- called also water canker, canker of the
mouth, and noma.
2. Anything which corrodes, corrupts, or
destroy.
The cankers of envy and faction.
Temple.
3. (Hort.) A disease incident to
trees, causing the bark to rot and fall off.
4. (Far.) An obstinate and often
incurable disease of a horse's foot, characterized by separation
of the horny portion and the development of fungoid growths; --
usually resulting from neglected thrush.
5. A kind of wild, worthless rose; the
dog-rose.
To put down Richard, that sweet lovely rose.
And plant this thorm, this canker, Bolingbroke.
Shak.
Black canker. See under
Black.
Can"ker (kă&nsm;"k&etilde;r), v.
t. [imp. & p. p. Cankered (-
k&etilde;rd); p. pr. & vb. n.
Cankering.] 1. To affect as a canker;
to eat away; to corrode; to consume.
No lapse of moons can canker Love.
Tennyson.
2. To infect or pollute; to
corrupt. Addison.
A tithe purloined cankers the whole
estate.
Herbert.
Can"ker, v. i. 1.
To waste away, grow rusty, or be oxidized, as a
mineral. [Obs.]
Silvering will sully and canker more than
gliding.
Bacom.
2. To be or become diseased, or as if
diseased, with canker; to grow corrupt; to become
venomous.
Deceit and cankered malice.
Dryden.
As with age his body uglier grows,
So his mind cankers.
Shak.
Can"ker-bit` (?), a. Eaten out
by canker, or as by canker. [Obs.]
Can"ker bloom` (?). The bloom or blossom of the
wild rose or dog-rose.
Can"ker blos`som (?). That which blasts a
blossom as a canker does. [Obs.]
O me! you juggler! you canker blossom!
You thief of Love!
Shak.
Can"kered (?), a.
1. Affected with canker; as, a
cankered mouth.
2. Affected mentally or morally as with
canker; sore, envenomed; malignant; fretful; ill-natured.
"A cankered grandam's will." Shak.
Can"kered*ly, adv. Fretfully;
spitefully.
Can"ker fly` (?). A fly that preys on
fruit.
Can"ker*ous (?), a. Affecting
like a canker. "Canrerous shackles."
Thomson.
Misdeem it not a cankerous change.
Wordsworth.
Can"ker rash` (?). (Med.) A form of
scarlet fever characterized by ulcerated or putrid sore
throat.
Can"ker*worm` (?), n.
(Zoöl.) The larva of two species of geometrid
moths which are very injurious to fruit and shade trees by
eating, and often entirely destroying, the foliage. Other similar
larvæ are also called cankerworms.
&fist; The autumnal species (Anisopteryx pometaria)
becomes adult late in autumn (after frosts) and in winter. The
spring species (A. vernata) remains in the ground through
the winter, and matures in early spring. Both have winged males
and wingless females. The larvæ are similar in appearance
and habits, and belong to the family of measuring worms or
spanworms. These larvæ hatch from the eggs when the leaves
begin to expand in spring.
Can"ker*y (?), a.
1. Like a canker; full of canker.
2. Surly; sore; malignant.
||Can"na (?), n. [It.] A
measure of length in Italy, varying from six to seven feet. See
Cane, 4.
||Can"na (?), n. [L., a reed. See
Cane.] (Bot.) A genus of tropical plants, with
large leaves and often with showy flowers. The Indian shot (C.
Indica) is found in gardens of the northern United
States.
Can"na*bene (?), n. [From
Cannabis.] (Chem.) A colorless oil obtained
from hemp by distillation, and possessing its intoxicating
properties.
Can"na*bin (?), n. (Chem.)
A poisonous resin extracted from hemp (Cannabis
sativa, variety Indica). The narcotic effects of
hasheesh are due to this resin.
Can"na*bine (?), a. [L.
cannabinus.] Pertaining to hemp; hempen.
[R.]
||Can"na*bis (?), n. [L., hemp. See
Canvas.] (Bot.) A genus of a single species
belonging to the order Uricaceæ; hemp.
Cannabis Indica (&?;), the Indian hemp,
a powerful narcotic, now considered a variety of the common
hemp.
Can"nel coal` (?). [Corrupt. fr. candle coal.]
A kind of mineral coal of a black color, sufficiently hard
and solid to be cut and polished. It burns readily, with a clear,
yellow flame, and on this account has been used as a substitute
for candles.
Can"ner*y (?), n. A place
where the business of canning fruit, meat, etc., is carried
on. [U. S.]
Can"ni*bal (?), n. [Cf. F.
cannibale. Columbus, in a letter to the Spanish monarchs
written in Oct., 1498, mentions that the people of Hayti lived in
great fear of the Caribales (equivalent to E.
Caribbees.), the inhabitants of the smaller Antilles;
which form of the name was afterward changed into NL.
Canibales, in order to express more forcibly their
character by a word intelligible through a Latin root "propter
rabiem caninam anthropophagorum gentis." The Caribbees
call themselves, in their own language. Calinago,
Carinago, Calliponam, and, abbreviated,
Calina, signifying a brave, from which Columbus formed his
Caribales.] A human being that eats human flesh;
hence, any that devours its own kind. Darwin.
Can"ni*bal (?), a. Relating to
cannibals or cannibalism. "Cannibal terror."
Burke.
Can"ni*bal*ism (?), n. [Cf. F.
cannibalisme.] The act or practice of eating human
flesh by mankind. Hence; Murderous cruelty; barbarity.
Berke.
Can"ni*bal*ly, adv. In the
manner of cannibal. "An he had been cannibally
given." Shak.
Can"ni*kin (?), n. [Can +
-kin.] A small can or drinking vessel.
Can"ni*ly, adv. In a canny
manner. [N. of Eng. & Scot.]
Can"ni*ness, n. Caution;
crafty management. [N. of Eng. & Scot.]
Can"non (?), n.; pl.
Cannons (#), collectively
Cannon. [F. cannon, fr. L. canna
reed, pipe, tube. See Cane.] 1. A
great gun; a piece of ordnance or artillery; a firearm for
discharging heavy shot with great force.
&fist; Cannons are made of various materials, as iron, brass,
bronze, and steel, and of various sizes and shapes with respect
to the special service for which they are intended, as intended,
as siege, seacoast, naval, field, or mountain, guns. They always
aproach more or less nearly to a cylindrical from, being usually
thicker toward the breech than at the muzzle. Formerly they were
cast hollow, afterwards they were cast, solid, and bored out. The
cannon now most in use for the armament of war vessels and for
seacoast defense consists of a forged steel tube reinforced with
massive steel rings shrunk upon it. Howitzers and mortars are
sometimes called cannon. See Gun.
2. (Mech.) A hollow cylindrical
piece carried by a revolving shaft, on which it may, however,
revolve independently.
3. (Printing.) A kind of type. See
Canon.
Cannon ball, strictly, a round solid
missile of stone or iron made to be fired from a cannon, but now
often applied to a missile of any shape, whether solid or hollow,
made for cannon. Elongated and cylindrical missiles are sometimes
called bolts; hollow ones charged with explosives are
properly called shells. -- Cannon
bullet, a cannon ball. [Obs.] --
Cannon cracker, a fire cracker of large
size. -- Cannon lock, a device for
firing a cannon by a percussion primer. -- Cannon
metal. See Gun Metal. -- Cannon
pinion, the pinion on the minute hand arbor of a
watch or clock, which drives the hand but permits it to be moved
in setting. -- Cannon proof,
impenetrable by cannon balls. -- Cannon
shot. (a) A cannon ball.
(b) The range of a cannon.
Can"non, n. & v. (Billiards)
See Carom. [Eng.]
Can`non*ade" (?), n. [F.
Canonnade; cf. It. cannanata.] 1.
The act of discharging cannon and throwing ball, shell,
etc., for the purpose of destroying an army, or battering a town,
ship, or fort; -- usually, an attack of some
continuance.
A furious cannonade was kept up from the
whole circle of batteries on the devoted towm.
Prescott.
2. Fig.; A loud noise like a cannonade; a
booming.
Blue Walden rolls its cannonade.
Ewerson.
Can`non*ade", v. t. [imp. &
p. p. Cannonade; p. pr. & vb.
n. Cannonading.] To attack with heavy
artillery; to batter with cannon shot.
Can`non*ade", v. i. To
discharge cannon; as, the army cannonaded all
day.
Can"non bone (?). (Anat.) See Canon
Bone.
Can"noned (&?;), a. Furnished
with cannon. [Poetic] "Gilbralter's cannoned steep."
M. Arnold.
{ Can`non*eer", Can`non*ier" } (?),
n. [F. canonnier.] A man who
manages, or fires, cannon.
Can`non*er"ing, n. The use of
cannon. Burke.
Can"non*ry (?), n. Cannon,
collectively; artillery.
The ringing of bells and roaring of
cannonry proclaimed his course through the country.
W. Irving.
Can"not (?). [Can to be able + -not.]
Am, is, or are, not able; -- written either as one word or
two.
Can"nu*la (?), n. [L.
cannula a small tube of dim. of canna a reed,
tube.] (Surg.) A small tube of metal, wood, or India
rubber, used for various purposes, esp. for injecting or
withdrawing fluids. It is usually associated with a trocar.
[Written also canula.]
Can"nu*lar (?), a. Having the
form of a tube; tubular. [Written also canular.]
Can"nu*la`ted (?), a. Hollow;
affording a passage through its interior length for wire, thread,
etc.; as, a cannulated (suture) needle. [Written
also canulated.]
{ Can"ny, Can"nei } (?),
a. [Cf. Icel. kenn skilled, learned, or
E. canny. Cf. Kenn.] [North of Eng. & Scot.]
1. Artful; cunning; shrewd; wary.
2. Skillful; knowing; capable.
Sir W. Scott.
3. Cautious; prudent; safe..
Ramsay.
4. Having pleasing or useful qualities;
gentle. Burns.
5. Reputed to have magical powers.
Sir W. Scott.
No canny, not safe, not fortunate;
unpropitious. [Scot.]
Ca*noe" (?), n.; pl.
Canoes (#). [Sp. canoa, fr. Caribbean
canáoa.] 1. A boat used by
rude nations, formed of trunk of a tree, excavated, by cutting of
burning, into a suitable shape. It is propelled by a paddle or
paddles, or sometimes by sail, and has no rudder.
Others devised the boat of one tree, called the
canoe.
Raleigh.
2. A boat made of bark or skins, used by
savages.
A birch canoe, with paddles, rising,
falling, on the water.
Longfellow.
3. A light pleasure boat, especially
designed for use by one who goes alone upon long excursions,
including portage. It it propelled by a paddle, or by a small
sail attached to a temporary mast.
Ca*noe" (?), v. i. [imp. &
p. p. Canoed (?) p. pr. & vb.
n. Canoeing (&?;).] To manage a canoe, or
voyage in a canoe.
Ca*noe"ing n. The act or art
of using a canoe.
Ca*noe"ist (?), n. A
canoeman.
Ca*noe"man, n.; pl.
Canoemen (#). One who uses a canoe; one
who travels in a canoe.
Cabins and clearing greeted the eye of the passing
canoeman.
Parkman.
Can"on (#), n. [OE. canon,
canoun, AS. canon rule (cf. F. canon, LL.
canon, and, for sense 7, F. chanoine, LL.
canonicus), fr. L. canon a measuring line, rule,
model, fr. Gr. &?; rule, rod, fr. &?;, &?;, red. See Cane,
and cf. Canonical.] 1. A law or
rule.
Or that the Everlasting had not fixed
His canon 'gainst self-slaughter.
Shak.
2. (Eccl.) A law, or rule of
doctrine or discipline, enacted by a council and confirmed by the
pope or the sovereign; a decision, regulation, code, or
constitution made by ecclesiastical authority.
Various canons which were made in councils
held in the second centry.
Hock.
3. The collection of books received as
genuine Holy Scriptures, called the sacred canon, or
general rule of moral and religious duty, given by inspiration;
the Bible; also, any one of the canonical Scriptures. See
Canonical books, under Canonical, a.
4. In monasteries, a book containing the
rules of a religious order.
5. A catalogue of saints acknowledged and
canonized in the Roman Catholic Church.
6. A member of a cathedral chapter; a
person who possesses a prebend in a cathedral or collegiate
church.
7. (Mus.) A musical composition in
which the voices begin one after another, at regular intervals,
successively taking up the same subject. It either winds up with
a coda (tailpiece), or, as each voice finishes, commences
anew, thus forming a perpetual fugue or round. It is the
strictest form of imitation. See Imitation.
8. (Print.) The largest size of
type having a specific name; -- so called from having been used
for printing the canons of the church.
9. The part of a bell by which it is
suspended; -- called also ear and shank. [See
Illust. of Bell.] Knight.
10. (Billiards) See
Carom.
Apostolical canons. See under
Apostolical. -- Augustinian canons,
Black canons. See under
Augustinian. -- Canon capitular,
Canon residentiary, a resident member of a
cathedral chapter (during a part or the whole of the year).
-- Canon law. See under Law. --
Canon of the Mass (R. C. Ch.), that
part of the mass, following the Sanctus, which never
changes. -- Honorary canon, a canon
who neither lived in a monastery, nor kept the canonical
hours. -- Minor canon (Ch. of
Eng.), one who has been admitted to a chapter, but has
not yet received a prebend. -- Regular
canon (R. C. Ch.), one who lived in a
conventual community and follower the rule of St. Austin; a Black
canon. -- Secular canon (R. C.
Ch.), one who did not live in a monastery, but kept the
hours.
||Ca*ñon" (?), n. [Sp., a
tube or hollow, fr. caña reed, fr. L. canna.
See Cane.] A deep gorge, ravine, or gulch, between
high and steep banks, worn by water courses. [Mexico &
Western U. S.]
Can"on bit` (?). [F. canon, fr. L.
canon a rule.] That part of a bit which is put in a
horse's mouth.
Can"on bone` (?). [F. canon, fr. L.
canon a rule. See canon.] (Anat.) The
shank bone, or great bone above the fetlock, in the fore and hind
legs of the horse and allied animals, corresponding to the middle
metacarpal or metatarsal bone of most mammals. See
Horse.
Can"on*ess (?), n. [Cf. LL.
canonissa.] A woman who holds a canonry in a
conventual chapter.
Regular canoness, one bound by the
poverty, and observing a strict rule of life. --
Secular canoness, one allowed to hold
private property, and bound only by vows of chastity and
obedience so long as she chose to remain in the chapter.
{ Ca*non"ic (?), Can*non"ic*al (?), }
a. [L. cannonicus, LL.
canonicalis, fr. L. canon: cf. F. canonique.
See canon.] Of or pertaining to a canon; established
by, or according to a , canon or canons. "The oath of
canonical obedience." Hallam.
Canonical books, or Canonical
Scriptures, those books which are declared by the
canons of the church to be of divine inspiration; -- called
collectively the canon. The Roman Catholic Church holds as
canonical several books which Protestants reject as
apocryphal. -- Canonical epistles, an
appellation given to the epistles called also general or
catholic. See Catholic epistles, under
Canholic. -- Canonical form
(Math.), the simples or most symmetrical form to which
all functions of the same class can be reduced without lose of
generality. -- Canonical hours,
certain stated times of the day, fixed by ecclesiastical
laws, and appropriated to the offices of prayer and devotion;
also, certain portions of the Breviary, to be used at stated
hours of the day. In England, this name is also given to the
hours from 8 a. m. to 3 p. m. (formerly 8 a.
m. to 12 m.) before and after which marriage can not
be legally performed in any parish church. --
Canonical letters, letters of several
kinds, formerly given by a bishop to traveling clergymen or
laymen, to show that they were entitled to receive the communion,
and to distinguish them from heretics. -- Canonical
life, the method or rule of living prescribed by
the ancient clergy who lived in community; a course of living
prescribed for the clergy, less rigid than the monastic, and more
restrained that the secular. -- Canonical
obedience, submission to the canons of a church,
especially the submission of the inferior clergy to their
bishops, and of other religious orders to their superiors. -
- Canonical punishments, such as the church
may inflict, as excommunication, degradation, penance, etc.
-- Canonical sins (Anc. Church.),
those for which capital punishment or public penance decreed
by the canon was inflicted, as idolatry, murder, adultery,
heresy.
Ca*non"ic*al*ly (?), adv. In a
canonical manner; according to the canons.
Ca*non"ic*al*ness, n. The
quality of being canonical; canonicity. Bp.
Burnet.
Ca*non"ic*als (?), n. pl. The
dress prescribed by canon to be worn by a clergyman when
officiating. Sometimes, any distinctive professional
dress.
Full canonicals, the complete costume of
an officiating clergyman or ecclesiastic.
i
Ca*non"i*cate (?), n. [LL.
canonucatus canonical: cf. F. canonicat.] The
office of a canon; a canonry.
Can`on*ic"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F.
canonicité.] The state or quality of being
canonical; agreement with the canon.
Can"on*ist, n. [Cf. F.
canoniste.] A professor of canon law; one skilled in
the knowledge and practice of ecclesiastical law.
South.
Can`on*is"tic (?), a. Of or
pertaining to a canonist. "This canonistic
exposition." Milton.
Can`on*i*za"tion (?), n. [F.
canonisation.]
1. (R. C. Ch.) The final process
or decree (following beatifacation) by which the name of a
deceased person is placed in the catalogue (canon) of saints and
commended to perpetual veneration and invocation.
Canonization of saints was not known to the
Christian church titl toward the middle of the tenth century.
Hoock.
2. The state of being canonized or
sainted.
Can"on*ize (?), v. t. [imp.
& p. p. Canonized (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Canonizing.] [F. canoniser or LL.
canonizare, fr. L. canon.. See Canon.]
1. (Eccl.) To declare (a deceased
person) a saint; to put in the catalogue of saints; as, Thomas a
Becket was canonized.
2. To glorify; to exalt to the highest
honor.
Fame in time to come canonize us.
Shak.
2. To rate as inspired; to include in the
canon.[R.]
Can"on*ry (?), n. pl.
Canonries (&?;). A benefice or prebend in a cathedral
or collegiate church; a right to a place in chapter and to a
portion of its revenues; the dignity or emoluments of a
canon.
Can"on*ship (?), a. Of or
pertaining to Canopus in Egypt; as, the Canopic vases,
used in embalming.
||Ca*no"pus (?), n. [L.
Canopus, fr. Gr. &?;, town of Egypt.] (Astron.)
A star of the first magnitude in the southern constellation
Argo.
Can"o*py (kăn"&osl;*p&ybreve;),
n.; pl. Canopies (-
p&ibreve;z). [OE. canapie, F. canapé sofa,
OF. conopée, conopeu, conopieu,
canopy, vail, pavilion (cf. It. canopè canopy,
sofa), LL. conopeum a bed with mosquito curtains, fr. Gr.
kwnwpei^on, fr. kw`nwps gnat,
kw`nos cone + 'w`ps face. See Cone,
and Optic.] 1. A covering fixed over
a bed, dais, or the like, or carried on poles over an exalted
personage or a sacred object, etc. chiefly as a mark of
honor. "Golden canopies and beds of state."
Dryden.
2. (Arch.) (a) An
ornamental projection, over a door, window, niche, etc.
(b) Also, a rooflike covering, supported on
pillars over an altar, a statue, a fountain, etc.
Can"o*py, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Canopes (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Canopying.] To cover with, or as with, a
canopy. "A bank with ivy canopied."
Milton.
Ca*no"rous (?), a. [L.
canorus, from nor melody, fr. canere to
sing.] Melodious; musical. "Birds that are most
canorous." Sir T. Browne.
A long, lound, and canorous peal of
laughter.
De Quincey.
Ca*no"rous*ness, n. The
quality of being musical.
He chooses his language for its rich
canorousness.
Lowell.
Can"stick` (?), n.
Candlestick. [Obs.] Shak.
Cant (?), n. [OF., edge, angle,
prof. from L. canthus the iron ring round a carriage
wheel, a wheel, Gr. &?; the corner of the eye, the felly of a
wheel; cf. W. cant the stake or tire of a wheel. Cf.
Canthus, Canton, Cantle.] 1.
A corner; angle; niche. [Obs.]
The first and principal person in the temple was
Irene, or Peace; she was placed aloft in a cant.
B. Jonson.
2. An outer or external angle.
3. An inclination from a horizontal or
vertical line; a slope or bevel; a titl.
Totten.
4. A sudden thrust, push, kick, or other
impulse, producing a bias or change of direction; also, the bias
or turn so give; as, to give a ball a cant.
5. (Coopering) A segment forming a
side piece in the head of a cask. Knight.
6. (Mech.) A segment of he rim of
a wooden cogwheel. Knight.
7. (Naut.) A piece of wood laid
upon the deck of a vessel to support the bulkheads.
Cant frames, Cant timbers
(Naut.), timber at the two ends of a ship, rising
obliquely from the keel.
Cant, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Canted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Canting.] 1. To incline; to set at an
angle; to tilt over; to tip upon the edge; as, to cant a
cask; to cant a ship.
2. To give a sudden turn or new direction
to; as, to cant round a stick of timber; to cant a
football.
3. To cut off an angle from, as from a
square piece of timber, or from the head of a bolt.
Cant, n. [Prob. from OF.
cant, F. chant, singing, in allusion to the singing
or whining tine of voice used by beggars, fr. L. cantus.
See Chant.] 1. An affected, singsong
mode of speaking.
2. The idioms and peculiarities of speech
in any sect, class, or occupation. Goldsmith.
The cant of any profession.
Dryden.
3. The use of religious phraseology
without understanding or sincerity; empty, solemn speech,
implying what is not felt; hypocrisy.
They shall hear no cant from me.
F. W. Robertson
4. Vulgar jargon; slang; the secret
language spoker by gipsies, thieves, tramps, or
beggars.
Cant (?), a. Of the nature of
cant; affected; vulgar.
To introduce and multiply cant words in the
most ruinous corruption in any language.
Swift.
Cant, v. i. 1.
To speak in a whining voice, or an affected, singsong
tone.
2. To make whining pretensions to
goodness; to talk with an affectation of religion, philanthropy,
etc.; to practice hypocrisy; as, a canting
fanatic.
The rankest rogue that ever canted.
Beau. & Fl.
3. To use pretentious language, barbarous
jargon, or technical terms; to talk with an affectation of
learning.
The doctor here,
When he discourseth of dissection,
Of vena cava and of vena porta,
The meseræum and the mesentericum,
What does he else but cant.
B. Jonson
That uncouth affected garb of speech, or
canting language, if I may so call it.
Bp. Sanderson.
Cant, n. [Prob. from OF.
cant, equiv. to L. quantum; cf. F. encan,
fr. L. in quantum, i.e. "for how much?"] A call for
bidders at a public sale; an auction. "To sell their leases
by cant." Swift.
Cant, v. t. to sell by
auction, or bid a price at a sale by auction. [Archaic]
Swift.
Can't (?). A colloquial contraction for can
not.
Can"tab (?), n. [Abbreviated from
Cantabrigian.] A Cantabrigian. [Colloq.]
Sir W. Scott.
||Can*ta"bi*le (?), a. [It.,
cantare to sing.] (Mus.) In a melodious,
flowing style; in a singing style, as opposed to bravura,
recitativo, or parlando.
||Can*ta"bi*le, n. (Mus.)
A piece or passage, whether vocal or instrumental,
peculiarly adapted to singing; -- sometimes called
cantilena.
Can*ta"bri*an (?), a. Of or
pertaining to Cantabria on the Bay of Biscay in Spain.
Can`ta*brig"i*an (?), n. A
native or resident of Cambridge; esp. a student or graduate of
the university of Cambridge, England.
Can"ta*lev`er (?), n. [Cant
an external angle + lever a supporter of the roof timber
of a house.] [Written also cantaliver and
cantilever.] 1. (Arch.) A
bracket to support a balcony, a cornice, or the like.
2. (Engin.) A projecting beam,
truss, or bridge unsupported at the outer end; one which
overhangs.
Cantalever bridge, a bridge in which the
principle of the cantalever is applied. It is usually a trussed
bridge, composed of two portions reaching out from opposite
banks, and supported near the middle of their own length on piers
which they overhang, thus forming cantalevers which meet over the
space to be spanned or sustain a third portion, to complete the
connection.
Can"ta*loupe (?), n. [F.
cantaloup, It. cantalupo, so called from the caste
of Cantalupo, in the Marca d'Ancona, in Italy, where they
were first grown in Europe, from seed said to have been imported
from Armenia.] A muskmelon of several varieties, having when
mature, a yellowish skin, and flesh of a reddish orange
color. [Written also cantaleup.]
Can*tan"ker*ous (?), a.
Perverse; contentious; ugly; malicious. [Colloq.] --
Can*tan"ker*ous*ly, adv. --
Can*tan"ker*ous*ness, n.
The cantankerous old maiden aunt.
Thackeray.
{ Can"tar (?), ||Can*tar"ro (?), }
n. [It. cantaro (in sense 1), Sp.
cantaro (in sense 2).]
1. A weight used in southern Europe and
East for heavy articles. It varies in different localities; thus,
at Rome it is nearly 75 pounds, in Sardinia nearly 94 pounds, in
Cairo it is 95 pounds, in Syria about 503 pounds.
2. A liquid measure in Spain, ranging
from two and a half to four gallons. Simmonds.
||Can*ta"ta (?), n. [It., fr.
cantare to sing, fr. L. cantare intens of
canere to sing.] (Mus.) A poem set to music; a
musical composition comprising choruses, solos, interludes, etc.,
arranged in a somewhat dramatic manner; originally, a composition
for a single noise, consisting of both recitative and
melody.
Can*ta"tion (?), n. [L.
cantatio.] A singing. [Obs.]
Blount.
Cant"a*to*ry (?), a.
Containing cant or affectation; whining; singing.
[R.]
||Can`ta*tri"ce (k&adot;n`t&adot;*trē"ch&asl;),
n. [It.] (Mus.) A female
professional singer.
Cant"ed (?), a. [From 2d
Cant.] 1. Having angles; as, a six
canted bolt head; a canted window.
Canted column (Arch.), a column
polygonal in plan.
2. Inclined at an angle to something
else; tipped; sloping.
Can*teen" (kăn*tēn"),
n. [F. cantine bottle case, canteen (cf.
Sp. & It. cantina cellar, bottle case), either contr. fr.
It. canovettina, dim. of canova cellar, or, more
likely, fr. OF. cant. corner, It. & Sp. canto. See
1st Cant.] (Mil.) 1. A vessel
used by soldiers for carrying water, liquor, or other
drink. [Written also cantine.]
&fist; In the English service the canteen is made of
wood and holds three pints; in the United States it is usually a
tin flask.
2. The sutler's shop in a garrison; also,
a chest containing culinary and other vessels for
officers.
Can"tel (?), n. See
Cantle.
Can"ter (?), n. [An abbreviation of
Caner bury. See Canterbury gallop, under
Canterbury.] 1. A moderate and easy
gallop adapted to pleasure riding.
&fist; The canter is a thoroughly artificial pace, at
first extremely tiring to the horse, and generally only to be
produced in him by the restraint of a powerful bit, which compels
him to throw a great part of his weight on his haunches . . .
There is so great a variety in the mode adopted by different
horses for performing the canter, that no single description will
suffice, nor indeed is it easy . . . to define any one of them.
J. H. Walsh.
2. A rapid or easy passing
over.
A rapid canter in the Times over all the
topics.
Sir J. Stephen.
Can"ter (?), v. i. [imp. &
p. p. Cantered (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Cantering.] To move in a
canter.
Can"ter, v. t. To cause, as a
horse, to go at a canter; to ride (a horse) at a
canter.
Cant"er, n. 1.
One who cants or whines; a beggar.
2. One who makes hypocritical pretensions
to goodness; one who uses canting language.
The day when he was a canter and a
rebel.
Macaulay.
Can"ter*bur*y (?), n.
1. A city in England, giving its name
various articles. It is the seat of the Archbishop of Canterbury
(primate of all England), and contains the shrine of Thomas
à Becket, to which pilgrimages were formerly
made.
2. A stand with divisions in it for
holding music, loose papers, etc.
Canterbury ball (Bot.), a species
of Campanula of several varieties, cultivated for its
handsome bell-shaped flowers. -- Canterbury
gallop, a gentle gallop such as was used by
pilgrims riding to Canterbury; a canter. --
Canterbury tale, one of the tales which
Chaucer puts into the mouths of certain pilgrims to Canterbury.
Hence, any tale told by travelers to pass away the time.
Can*thar"*i*dal (?), a. Of or
pertaining to cantharides or made of cantharides; as,
cantharidal plaster.
Can*thar"i*des (?), n. pl. See
Cantharis.
Can*thar"i*din (?), n.
(Chem.) The active principle of the cantharis, or
Spanish fly, a volatile, acrid, bitter solid, crystallizing in
four-sided prisms.
Can"tha*ris (?), n.; pl.
Cantharides (#). [L., a kind of beetle, esp.
the Spanish fly, Gr. kanqari`s.] (Zoöl.)
A beetle (Lytta, or Cantharis, vesicatoria), havin1g
an elongated cylindrical body of a brilliant green color, and a
nauseous odor; the blister fly or blister beetle, of the
apothecary; -- also called Spanish fly. Many other species
of Lytta, used for the same purpose, take the same name.
See Blister beetle, under Blister. The plural form
in usually applied to the dried insects used in
medicine.
Cant" hook` (?). A wooden lever with a movable
iron hook. hear the end; -- used for canting or turning over
heavy logs, etc. [U. S.] Bartlett.
Can"tho*plas`ty (?), n. [Gr.&?;,
corner of the eye + &?; to from.] (Surg.) The
operation of forming a new canthus, when one has been destroyed
by injury or disease.
||Can"thus (?), n.; pl.
Canthi (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?;.] (Anat.)
The corner where the upper and under eyelids meet on each
side of the eye.
Can"ti*cle (?), n.; pl.
Canticles (#). [L. canticulum a little
song, dim. of canticum song, fr. cantus a singing,
fr. coner to sing. See Chant.] 1.
A song; esp. a little song or hymn. [Obs.]
Bacon.
2. pl. The Song of Songs or Song
of Solomon, one of the books of the Old Testament.
3. A canto or division of a poem
[Obs.] Spenser.
4. A psalm, hymn, or passage from the
Bible, arranged for chanting in church service.
Can"ti*coy (?), n. [Of American
Indian origin.] A social gathering; usually, one for
dancing.
Can"tile (?), v. i. Same as
Cantle, v. t.
||Can`ti*le"na (?), n. [It. & L.]
(Mus.) See Cantabile.
Can"ti*lev`er (?), n. Same as
Cantalever.
Can"til*late (?), v. i. [L.
cantillatus, p. p. of cantillare to sing low, dim.
of cantare. See Cantata.] To chant; to recite
with musical tones. M. Stuart.
Can`til*la"tion (?), n. A
chanting; recitation or reading with musical
modulations.
Can*tine" (?), n. See
Canteen.
Cant"ing (?), a. Speaking in a
whining tone of voice; using technical or religious terms
affectedly; affectedly pious; as, a canting rogue; a
canting tone.
-- Cant"ing*ly, adv. --
Cant"ing*ness, n.
Canting arms, Canting
heraldry (Her.), bearings in the nature of a
rebus alluding to the name of the bearer. Thus, the
Castletons bear three castles, and Pope Adrian IV.
(Nicholas Breakspeare) bore a broken spear.
Cant"ing, n. The use of cant;
hypocrisy.
||Can`ti*niere" (?), n. [F., fr.
cantine a sutler's shop, canteen.] (Mil) A
woman who carries a canteen for soldiers; a
vivandière.
Can"tion (?), n. [L. cantio,
from canere to sing.] A song or verses. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Can"tle (?), n. [OF. cantel,
chantel, corner, side, piece, F. chanteau a piece
cut from a larger piece, dim. of OF. cant edge, corner.
See 1st Cant.] 1. A corner or edge of
anything; a piece; a fragment; a part. "In one
cantle of his law." Milton.
Cuts me from the best of all my land
A huge half moon, a monstrous cantle out.
Shak.
2. The upwardly projecting rear part of
saddle, opposite to the pommel. [Written also
cante.]
Can"tle, v. t. To cut in
pieces; to cut out from. [Obs.] [Written also
cantile.]
Cant"let (?), n. [Dim. of
cantle.] A piece; a fragment; a corner.
Dryden.
Can"to (?), n.; pl.
Cantos (#). [It. canto, fr. L.
cantus singing, song. See Chant.]
1. One of the chief divisions of a long
poem; a book.
2. (Mus.) The highest vocal part;
the air or melody in choral music; anciently the tenor, now the
soprano.
||Canto fermo (&?;) [It.] (Mus.),
the plain ecclesiastical chant in cathedral service; the
plain song.
Can"ton (?), n. A song or
canto [Obs.]
Write loyal cantons of contemned love.
Shak.
Can"ton, n. [F. canton,
augm. of OF. cant edge, corner. See 1st Cant.]
1. A small portion; a division; a
compartment.
That little canton of land called the
"English pale"
Davies.
There is another piece of Holbein's, . . . in
which, in six several cantons, the several parts of our
Savior's passion are represented.
Bp. Burnet.
2. A small community or clan.
3. A small territorial district; esp. one
of the twenty-two independent states which form the Swiss federal
republic; in France, a subdivision of an arrondissement. See
Arrondissement.
4. (Her.) A division of a shield
occupying one third part of the chief, usually on the dexter
side, formed by a perpendicular line from the top of the shield,
meeting a horizontal line from the side.
The king gave us the arms of England to be borne
in a canton in our arms.
Evelyn.
Can"ton, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Cantoned ; p. pr. & vb. n.
Cantoning.] [Cf. F. cantonner.] 1.
To divide into small parts or districts; to mark off or
separate, as a distinct portion or division.
They canton out themselves a little Goshen
in the intellectual world.
Locke.
2. (Mil.) To allot separate
quarters to, as to different parts or divisions of an army or
body of troops.
Can"ton*al (?), a. Of or
pertaining to a canton or cantons; of the nature of a
canton.
Can"ton crape" (krāp"). A soft, white or
colored silk fabric, of a gauzy texture and wavy appearance, used
for ladies' scarfs, shawls, bonnet trimmings, etc.; -- called
also Oriental crape. De Colange.
Can"toned (?), a.
1. (Her.) Having a charge in each of
the four corners; -- said of a cross on a shield, and also of the
shield itself.
2. (Arch.) Having the angles
marked by, or decorated with, projecting moldings or small
columns; as, a cantoned pier or pilaster.
Can"ton flan"nel (?). See Cotton
flannel.
Can"ton*ize (?), v. i. To
divide into cantons or small districts.
Can"ton*ment (?), n. [Cf. F.
cantonnement.] A town or village, or part of a town
or village, assigned to a body of troops for quarters; temporary
shelter or place of rest for an army; quarters.
&fist; When troops are sheltered in huts or quartered in the
houses of the people during any suspension of hostilities, they
are said to be in cantonment, or to be cantoned. In India,
permanent military stations, or military towns, are termed
cantonments.
Can*toon" (?), n. A cotton
stuff showing a fine cord on one side and a satiny surface on the
other.
Can"tor (?), n. [L., a singer, fr.
caner to sing.] A singer; esp. the leader of a church
choir; a precentor.
The cantor of the church intones the Te
Deum.
Milman.
Can"tor*al (?), a. Of or
belonging to a cantor.
Cantoral staff, the official staff or
baton of a cantor or precentor, with which time is marked for the
singers.
Can*to"ris (?), a. [L., lit., of
the cantor, gen. of cantor.] Of or pertaining to a
cantor; as, the cantoris side of a choir; a
cantoris stall. Shipley.
{ Can"trap (?), Can"trip (?), }
n. [Cf. Icel. gandar, ODan. & OSw.
gan, witchcraft, and E. trap a snare,
tramp.] A charm; an incantation; a shell; a trick;
adroit mischief. [Written also cantraip.]
[Scot.]
{ Can"tred (?), ||Can"tref, }
n. [W. cantref; cant hundred +
tref dwelling place, village.] A district comprising
a hundred villages, as in Wales. [Written also
kantry.]
Can"ty (?), a. Cheerful;
sprightly; lively; merry. "The canty dame."
Wordsworth [Scot. & Prov. Eng.]
Contented with little, and canty with
mair.
Burns.
Ca*nuck" (?), n. 1.
A Canadian. [Slang]
2. A small or medium-sized hardy horse,
common in Canada. [Colloq.]
{ Can"u*la (?), n.,
Can"u*lar (?), a.,
Can"u*la`ted (?), } a. See
Cannula, Cannular, and Cannulated.
Can"vas (?), n. [OE. canvas,
canevas, F. canevas, LL. canabacius hempen
cloth, canvas, L. cannabis hemp, fr. G. &?;. See
Hemp.] 1. A strong cloth made of
hemp, flax, or cotton; -- used for tents, sails, etc.
By glimmering lanes and walls of canvas
led.
Tennyson.
2. (a) A coarse cloth so
woven as to form regular meshes for working with the needle, as
in tapestry, or worsted work. (b) A
piece of strong cloth of which the surface has been prepared to
receive painting, commonly painting in oil.
History . . . does not bring out clearly upon the
canvas the details which were familiar.
J. H. Newman.
3. Something for which canvas is used:
(a) A sail, or a collection of sails.
(b) A tent, or a collection of tents.
(c) A painting, or a picture on canvas.
To suit his canvas to the roughness of the
see.
Goldsmith.
Light, rich as that which glows on the
canvas of Claude.
Macaulay.
4. A rough draft or model of a song, air,
or other literary or musical composition; esp. one to show a poet
the measure of the verses he is to make. Grabb.
Can"vas, a. Made of,
pertaining to, or resembling, canvas or coarse cloth; as, a
canvas tent.
Can"vas*back` (?), n.
(Zoöl.) A Species of duck (Aythya
vallisneria), esteemed for the delicacy of its flesh. It
visits the United States in autumn; particularly Chesapeake Bay
and adjoining waters; -- so named from the markings of the
plumage on its back.
Can"vass (?), v. t. [imp. &
p. p. canvassed (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Canvassing.] [OF. Canabasser to
examine curiously, to search or sift out; properly, to sift
through canvas. See Canvas, n.]
1. To sift; to strain; to examine
thoroughly; to scrutinize; as, to canvass the votes cast
at an election; to canvass a district with reference to
its probable vote.
I have made careful search on all hands, and
canvassed the matter with all possible diligence.
Woodward.
2. To examine by discussion; to
debate.
An opinion that we are likely soon to
canvass.
Sir W. Hamilton.
3. To go through, with personal
solicitation or public addresses; as, to canvass a
district for votes; to canvass a city for
subscriptions.
Can"vass, v. i. To search
thoroughly; to engage in solicitation by traversing a district;
as, to canvass for subscriptions or for votes; to
canvass for a book, a publisher, or in behalf of a
charity; -- commonly followed by for.
Can"vass, n. 1.
Close inspection; careful review for verification; as, a
canvass of votes. Bacon.
2. Examination in the way of discussion
or debate.
3. Search; exploration; solicitation;
systematic effort to obtain votes, subscribers, etc.
No previous canvass was made for me.
Burke.
Can"vass*er (?), n. One who
canvasses.
Can"y (?), a. [From Cane.]
Of or pertaining to cane or canes; abounding with
canes. Milton.
Can"yon (?), n. The English
form of the Spanish word Cañon.
||Can*zo"ne (?), n. [It., a song,
fr. L. cantio, fr. canere to sing. Cf.
Chanson, Chant.] (Mus.) (a)
A song or air for one or more voices, of Provençal
origin, resembling, though not strictly, the madrigal.
(b) An instrumental piece in the madrigal
style.
Can`zo*net" (?), n. [It.
canzonetta, dim. of canzone.] (Mus.) A
short song, in one or more parts.
Caout"chin (?), n. (Chem.)
An inflammable, volatile, oily, liquid hydrocarbon, obtained
by the destructive distillation of caoutchouc.
Caout"chouc (?), n. [F.
caoutchouc, from the South American name.] A
tenacious, elastic, gummy substance obtained from the milky sap
of several plants of tropical South America (esp. the
euphorbiaceous tree Siphonia elastica or Hevea
caoutchouc), Asia, and Africa. Being impermeable to liquids
and gases, and not readly affected by exposure to air, acids, and
alkalies, it is used, especially when vulcanized, for many
purposes in the arts and in manufactures. Also called India
rubber (because it was first brought from India, and was
formerly used chiefly for erasing pencil marks) and gum
elastic. See Vulcanization.
Mineral caoutchouc. See under
Mineral.
Caout"chou*cin (?), n. See
Caoutchin.
Cap (kăp), n. [OE.
cappe, AS. cæppe, cap, cape, hood, fr. LL,
cappa, capa; perhaps of Iberian origin, as Isidorus
of Seville mentions it first: "Capa, quia quasi totum
capiat hominem; it. capitis ornamentum." See 3d Cape, and
cf. 1st Cope.] 1. A covering for the
head; esp. (a) One usually with a
visor but without a brim, for men and boys;
(b) One of lace, muslin, etc., for women, or
infants; (c) One used as the mark or
ensign of some rank, office, or dignity, as that of a
cardinal.
2. The top, or uppermost part; the
chief.
Thou art the cap of all the fools
alive.
Shak.
3. A respectful uncovering of the
head.
He that will give a cap and make a leg in
thanks.
Fuller.
4. (Zoöl.) The whole top of
the head of a bird from the base of the bill to the nape of the
neck.
5. Anything resembling a cap in form,
position, or use; as: (a) (Arch.)
The uppermost of any assemblage of parts; as, the cap
of column, door, etc.; a capital, coping, cornice, lintel, or
plate. (b) Something covering the top
or end of a thing for protection or ornament.
(c) (Naut.) A collar of iron or wood
used in joining spars, as the mast and the topmast, the bowsprit
and the jib boom; also, a covering of tarred canvas at the end of
a rope. (d) A percussion cap. See
under Percussion. (e) (Mech.)
The removable cover of a journal box.
(f) (Geom.) A portion of a spherical
or other convex surface.
6. A large size of writing paper; as,
flat cap; foolscap; legal cap.
Cap of a cannon, a piece of lead laid
over the vent to keep the priming dry; -- now called an
apron. -- Cap in hand,
obsequiously; submissively. -- Cap of
liberty. See Liberty cap, under
Liberty. -- Cap of maintenance,
a cap of state carried before the kings of England at the
coronation. It is also carried before the mayors of some
cities. -- Cap money, money collected
in a cap for the huntsman at the death of the fox. --
Cap paper. (a) A kind of
writing paper including flat cap, foolscap, and legal cap.
(b) A coarse wrapping paper used for making
caps to hold commodities. -- Cap rock
(Mining), The layer of rock next overlying ore,
generally of barren vein material. -- Flat
cap, cap See Foolscap. --
Forage cap, the cloth undress head covering
of an officer of soldier. -- Legal cap,
a kind of folio writing paper, made for the use of lawyers,
in long narrow sheets which have the fold at the top or "narrow
edge." -- To set one's cap, to make a
fool of one. (Obs.) Chaucer. -- To set one's
cap for, to try to win the favor of a man with a
view to marriage. [Colloq.]
Cap (?), v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Capped (&?;); p. pr. & vb.
n. Capping.] 1. To cover
with a cap, or as with a cap; to provide with a cap or cover; to
cover the top or end of; to place a cap upon the proper part of;
as, to cap a post; to cap a gun.
The bones next the joint are capped with a
smooth cartilaginous substance.
Derham.
2. To deprive of cap. [Obs.]
Spenser.
3. To complete; to crown; to bring to the
highest point or consummation; as, to cap the climax of
absurdity.
4. To salute by removing the cap.
[Slang. Eng.]
Tom . . . capped the proctor with the
profoundest of bows.
Thackeray.
5. To match; to mate in contest; to
furnish a complement to; as, to cap text; to cap
proverbs. Shak.
Now I have him under girdle I'll cap verses
with him to the end of the chapter.
Dryden.
&fist; In capping verses, when one quotes a verse
another must cap it by quoting one beginning with the last
letter of the first letter, or with the first letter of the last
word, or ending with a rhyming word, or by applying any other
arbitrary rule may be agreed upon.
Cap, v. i. To uncover the head
respectfully. Shak.
Ca`pa*bil"i*ty (?), n.; pl.
Capabilities (#). 1. The
quality of being capable; capacity; capableness; esp.
intellectual power or ability.
A capability to take a thousand views of a
subject.
H. Taylor.
2. Capacity of being used or
improved.
Ca"pa*ble (?), a. [F.
capable, LL. capabilis capacious, capable, fr. L.
caper to take, contain. See Heave.]
1. Possessing ability, qualification, or
susceptibility; having capacity; of sufficient size or strength;
as, a room capable of holding a large number; a castle
capable of resisting a long assault.
Concious of joy and capable of pain.
Prior.
2. Possessing adequate power; qualified;
able; fully competent; as, a capable instructor; a
capable judge; a mind capable of nice
investigations.
More capable to discourse of battles than
to give them.
Motley.
3. Possessing legal power or capacity;
as, a man capable of making a contract, or a
will.
4. Capacious; large; comprehensive.
[Obs.] Shak.
&fist; Capable is usually followed by of,
sometimes by an infinitive.
Syn. -- Able; competent; qualified; fitted; efficient;
effective; skillful.
Ca"pa*ble*ness, n. The quality
or state of being capable; capability; adequateness;
competency.
Ca*pac"i*fy (k&adot;*păs"&ibreve;*fī),
v. t. [imp. & p. p.
Capacified (-fīd).] [L. capax, -acis,
capacious + -fy.] To quality. [R.]
The benefice he is capacified and designed
for.
Barrow.
Ca*pa"cious (k&adot;*pā"shŭs),
a. [L. capax, -acis, fr.
capere to take. See Heave.] 1.
Having capacity; able to contain much; large; roomy;
spacious; extended; broad; as, a capacious vessel, room,
bay, or harbor.
In the capacious recesses of his mind.
Bancroft.
2. Able or qualified to make large views
of things, as in obtaining knowledge or forming designs;
comprehensive; liberal. "A capacious mind."
Watts.
Ca*pa"cious*ly, adv. In a
capacious manner or degree; comprehensively.
Ca*pa"cious*ness, n. The
quality of being capacious, as of a vessel, a reservoir a bay,
the mind, etc.
Ca*pac"i*tate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Capacitated; p.
pr. & vb. n. Capacitating.] To render
capable; to enable; to qualify.
By this instruction we may be capaciated to
observe those errors.
Dryden.
Ca*pac"i*ty (?), n.; pl.
Capacities (-t&ibreve;z). [L. capacitus,
fr. capax, capacis; fr. F. capacité.
See Capacious.] 1. The power of
receiving or containing; extent of room or space; passive power;
-- used in reference to physical things.
Had our great palace the capacity
To camp this host, we all would sup together.
Shak.
The capacity of the exhausted cylinder.
Boyle.
2. The power of receiving and holding
ideas, knowledge, etc.; the comprehensiveness of the mind; the
receptive faculty; capability of understanding or
feeling.
Capacity is now properly limited to these
[the mere passive operations of the mind]; its primary
signification, which is literally room for, as well as its
employment, favors this; although it can not be denied that there
are examples of its usage in an active sense.
Sir W. Hamilton.
3. Ability; power pertaining to, or
resulting from, the possession of strength, wealth, or talent;
possibility of being or of doing.
The capacity of blessing the people.
Alex. Hamilton.
A cause with such capacities endued.
Blackmore.
4. Outward condition or circumstances;
occupation; profession; character; position; as, to work in the
capacity of a mason or a carpenter.
5. (Law) Legal or moral
qualification, as of age, residence, character, etc., necessary
for certain purposes, as for holding office, for marrying, for
making contracts, wills, etc.; legal power or right;
competency.
Capacity for heat, the power of
absorbing heat. Substances differ in the amount of heat requisite
to raise them a given number of thermometric degrees, and this
difference is the measure of, or depends upon, what is called
their capacity for heat. See Specific heat, under
Heat.
Syn. -- Ability; faculty; talent; capability; skill;
efficiency; cleverness. See Ability.
Cap`*a*pe" (?), adv. See
Cap-a-pie. Shak.
||Cap`*a*pie" (?), adv. [OF. (&?;)
cap-a-pie, from head to foot, now de pied en cap
from foot to head; L. pes foot + caput head.]
From head to foot; at all points. "He was armed
cap-a-pie." Prescott.
Ca*par"i*son (?), n. [F.
caparaçon, fr. Sp. caparazon a cover for a
saddle, coach, etc.; capa cloak, cover (fr. LL.
capa, cf. LL. caparo also fr. capa) + the
term. azon. See Cap.] 1. An
ornamental covering or housing for a horse; the harness or
trappings of a horse, taken collectively, esp. when
decorative.
Their horses clothed with rich
caparison.
Drylen.
2. Gay or rich clothing.
My heart groans beneath the gay
caparison.
Smollett.
Ca*par"i*son, v. t. [imp. &
p. p. Caparisoned (?) p. pr. & vb.
n. Caparisoning.] [Cf. F
caparaçonner.]
1. To cover with housings, as a horse; to
harness or fit out with decorative trappings, as a
horse.
The steeds, caparisoned with purple,
stand.
Dryden.
2. To adorn with rich dress; to
dress.
I am caparisoned like a man.
Shak.
||Ca*par"ro (?), n. [Native Indian
name.] (Zoöl.) A large South American monkey
(Lagothrix Humboldtii), with prehensile tail.
Cap"case` (?), n. A small
traveling case or bandbox; formerly, a chest.
A capcase for your linen and your
plate.
Beau. & Fl.
Cape (kāp), n. [F.
cap, fr. It. capo head, cape, fr. L. caput
heat, end, point. See Chief.] A piece or point of
land, extending beyond the adjacent coast into the sea or a lake;
a promontory; a headland.
Cape buffalo (Zoöl.) a large
and powerful buffalo of South Africa (Bubalus Caffer). It
is said to be the most dangerous wild beast of Africa. See
Buffalo, 2. -- Cape jasmine,
Cape jessamine. See Jasmine. --
Cape pigeon (Zoöl.), a petrel
(Daptium Capense) common off the Cape of Good Hope. It is
about the size of a pigeon. -- Cape wine,
wine made in South Africa [Eng.] -- The
Cape, the Cape of Good Hope, in the general sense
of the southern extremity of Africa. Also used of Cape Horn, and,
in New England, of Cape Cod.
Cape, v. i. (Naut.) To
head or point; to keep a course; as, the ship capes
southwest by south.
Cape, n. [OE. Cape, fr. F.
cape; cf. LL. cappa. See Cap, and cf. 1st
Cope, Chape.] A sleeveless garment or part of
a garment, hanging from the neck over the back, arms, and
shoulders, but not reaching below the hips. See
Cloak.
Cape, v. i. [See Gape.]
To gape. [Obs.] Chaucer.
{ Ca"pel (kā"p&ebreve;l), Ca"ple (-
p'l) }, n. [Icel. kapall; cf. L.
caballus.] A horse; a nag. [Obs.]
Chaucer. Holland.
Ca"pel (kā"p&ebreve;l), n.
(Mining) A composite stone (quartz, schorl, and
hornblende) in the walls of tin and copper lodes.
Cap"e*lan (?), n.
(Zoöl.) See Capelin.
Cape"lin (?), n. [Cf. F.
capelan, caplan.] (Zoöl.) A small
marine fish (Mallotus villosus) of the family
Salmonidæ, very abundant on the coasts of Greenland,
Iceland, Newfoundland, and Alaska. It is used as a bait for the
cod. [Written also capelan and caplin.]
&fist; This fish, which is like a smelt, is called by the
Spaniards anchova, and by the Portuguese capelina.
Fisheries of U. S. (1884).
||Ca"pe*line` (?), n. [F., fr. LL.
capella. See Chapel.] (Med.) A hood-
shaped bandage for the head, the shoulder, or the stump of an
amputated limb.
Ca*pel"la (?), n. [L., a little
goat, dim. of caper a goat.] (Asrton.) A
brilliant star in the constellation Auriga.
Cap"el*lane (?), n. [See
Chaplain.] The curate of a chapel; a chaplain.
[Obs.] Fuller.
||Ca*pel"le (?), n. [G.]
(Mus.) The private orchestra or band of a prince or
of a church.
Cap"el*let (?), n. [F.
capelet.] (Far.) A swelling, like a wen, on
the point of the elbow (or the heel of the hock) of a horse,
caused probably by bruises in lying down.
||Ca*pell"meis`ter (?), n. [G., fr.
capelle chapel, private band of a prince + meister
a master.] The musical director in a royal or ducal chapel;
a choir-master. [Written also kapellmeister.]
Ca"per (?), v. i. [imp. &
p. p. Capered p. pr. & vb. n.
capering.] [From older capreoll to caper, cf. F.
se cabrer to prance; all ultimately fr. L. caper,
capra, goat. See Capriole.] To leap or jump
about in a sprightly manner; to cut capers; to skip; to spring;
to prance; to dance.
He capers, he dances, he has eyes of
youth.
Shak.
Ca"per, n. A frolicsome leap
or spring; a skip; a jump, as in mirth or dancing; a
prank.
To cut a caper, to frolic; to make a
sportive spring; to play a prank. Shak.
Ca"per, n. [D. kaper.]
A vessel formerly used by the Dutch, privateer.
Wright.
Ca"per, n. [F. câpre,
fr. L. capparis, Gr. &?;; cf. Ar. & Per. al-kabar.]
1. The pungent grayish green flower bud of
the European and Oriental caper (Capparis spinosa), much
used for pickles.
2. (Bot.) A plant of the genus
Capparis; -- called also caper bush, caper
tree.
&fist; The Capparis spinosa is a low prickly shrub of
the Mediterranean coasts, with trailing branches and brilliant
flowers; -- cultivated in the south of Europe for its buds. The
C. sodada is an almost leafless spiny shrub of central
Africa (Soudan), Arabia, and southern India, with edible
berries.
Bean caper. See Bran caper, in
the Vocabulary. -- Caper sauce,
a kind of sauce or catchup made of capers.
Ca"per*ber`ry (?), n.
1. The small olive-shaped berry of the
European and Oriental caper, said to be used in pickles and as a
condiment.
2. The currantlike fruit of the African
and Arabian caper (Capparis sodado).
{ Ca"per bush` (?), Ca"per tree` (?).
}See Capper, a plant, 2.
{ Ca"per*cail`zie (?), or Ca"per*cal`ly (?),
} n. [Gael, capulcoile.]
(Zoöl.) A species of grouse (Tetrao
uragallus) of large size and fine flavor, found in northern
Europe and formerly in Scotland; -- called also cock of the
woods. [Written also capercaillie,
capercaili.]
Ca"per*claw` (?), v. t. To
treat with cruel playfulness, as a cat treats a mouse; to
abuse. [Obs.] Birch.
Ca"per*er (?), n. One who
capers, leaps, and skips about, or dances.
The nimble caperer on the cord.
Dryden.
Cap"ful (?), n.; pl.
Capfuls (&?;). As much as will fill a cap.
A capful of wind (Naut.), a light
puff of wind.
||Ca"pi*as (?), n. [L. thou mayst
take.] (Low) A writ or process commanding the officer
to take the body of the person named in it, that is, to arrest
him; -- also called writ of capias.
&fist; One principal kind of capias is a writ by which
actions at law are frequently commenced; another is a writ of
execution issued after judgment to satisfy damages recovered; a
capias in criminal law is the process to take a person
charged on an indictment, when he is not in custody. Burrill.
Wharton.
Ca`pi*ba"ra (?), n.
(Zoöl.) See Capybara.
Cap`il*la"ceous (?), a. [L.
capillaceus hairy, fr. capillus hair.] Having
long filaments; resembling a hair; slender. See
Capillary.
Cap`il*laire" (?), n. [F.
capillaire maiden-hair; sirop de capillaire
capillaire; fr. L. herba capillaris the maidenhair.]
1. A sirup prepared from the maiden-hair,
formerly supposed to have medicinal properties.
2. Any simple sirup flavored with orange
flowers.
Ca*pil"la*ment (?), n. [L.
capillamentum, fr. capillus hair: cf. F.
capillament.] 1. (Bot.) A
filament. [R.]
2. (Anat.) Any villous or hairy
covering; a fine fiber or filament, as of the nerves.
Cap"il*la*ri*ness (?), n. The
quality of being capillary.
Cap`il*lar"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F.
capillarité.]
1. The quality or condition of being
capillary.
2. (Physics) The peculiar action
by which the surface of a liquid, where it is in contact with a
solid (as in a capillary tube), is elevated or depressed;
capillary attraction.
&fist; Capillarity depends upon the relative attaction
of the modecules of the liquid for each other and for those of
the solid, and is especially observable in capillary tubes, where
it determines the ascent or descent of the liquid above or below
the level of the liquid which the tube is dipped; -- hence the
name.
Cap"il*la*ry (kăp"&ibreve;l*l&asl;*r&ybreve;
or k&adot;*p&ibreve;l"l&adot;*r&ybreve;; 277),
a. [L. capillaris, fr. capillus
hair. Cf. Capillaire.] 1. Resembling
a hair; fine; minute; very slender; having minute tubes or
interspaces; having very small bore; as, the capillary
vessels of animals and plants.
2. Pertaining to capillary tubes or
vessels; as, capillary action.
Capillary attraction, Capillary
repulsion, the apparent attraction or repulsion
between a solid and liquid caused by capillarity. See
Capillarity, and Attraction. --
Capillarity tubes. See the Note
under Capillarity.
Cap"il*la*ry, n.; pl.
Capillaries (&?;). 1. A tube or
vessel, extremely fine or minute.
2. (Anat.) A minute, thin-walled
vessel; particularly one of the smallest blood vessels connecting
arteries and veins, but used also for the smallest lymphatic and
biliary vessels.
Cap`il*la"tion (?), n. [L.
capillatio the hair.] A capillary blood vessel.
[Obs.] Sir T. Browne.
Ca*pil"la*ture (?), n. [L.
capillatura.] A bush of hair; frizzing of the
hair. Clarke.
Ca*pil"li*form (?), a. [L.
capillus hair + -form.] In the shape or form
of, a hair, or of hairs.
Cap"il*lose` (?), a. [L.
capillosus.] Having much hair; hairy. [R.]
Ca*pis"trate (?), a. [L.
capistratus, p. p. of capistrare halter.]
(Zoöl.) Hooded; cowled.
Cap"i*tal (?), a. [F.
capital, L. capitalis capital (in senses 1 & 2),
fr. caput head. See Chief, and cf. Capital,
n.] 1. Of or pertaining to
the head. [Obs.]
Needs must the Serpent now his capital
bruise
Expect with mortal pain.
Milton.
2. Having reference to, or involving, the
forfeiture of the head or life; affecting life; punishable with
death; as, capital trials; capital
punishment.
Many crimes that are capital among us.
Swift.
To put to death a capital offender.
Milton.
3. First in importance; chief;
principal.
A capital article in religion
Atterbury.
Whatever is capital and essential in
Christianity.
I. Taylor.
4. Chief, in a political sense, as being
the seat of the general government of a state or nation; as,
Washington and Paris are capital cities.
5. Of first rate quality; excellent; as,
a capital speech or song. [Colloq.]
Capital letter [F, lettre capitale]
(Print.), a leading or heading letter, used at the
beginning of a sentence and as the first letter of certain words,
distinguished, for the most part, both by different form and
larger size, from the small (lower-case) letters, which
form the greater part of common print or writing. --
Small capital letters have the form of
capital letters and height of the body of the lower-case
letters. -- Capital stock, money,
property, or stock invested in any business, or the enterprise of
any corporation or institution. Abbott.
Syn. -- Chief; leading; controlling; prominent.
Cap"i*tal (?), n. [Cf. L.
capitellum and Capitulum, a small head, the head,
top, or capital of a column, dim. of caput head; F.
chapiteau, OF. capitel. See Chief, and cf.
Cattle, Chattel, Chapiter, Chapter.]
1. (Arch.) The head or uppermost
member of a column, pilaster, etc. It consists generally of three
parts, abacus, bell (or vase), and
necking. See these terms, and Column.
2. [Cf. F. capilate, fem., sc.
ville.] (Geog.) The seat of government; the
chief city or town in a country; a metropolis. "A busy and
splendid capital" Macauly.
3. [Cf. F. capital.] Money,
property, or stock employed in trade, manufactures, etc.; the sum
invested or lent, as distinguished from the income or interest.
See Capital stock, under Capital,
a.
4. (Polit. Econ.) That portion of
the produce of industry, which may be directly employed either to
support human beings or to assist in production.
M'Culloch.
&fist; When wealth is used to assist production it is called
capital. The capital of a civilized community includes
fixed capital (i.e. buildings, machines, and roads used in
the course of production and exchange) amd circulating
capital (i.e., food, fuel, money, etc., spent in the course
of production and exchange). T. Raleigh.
5. Anything which can be used to increase
one's power or influence.
He tried to make capital out of his rival's
discomfiture.
London Times.
6. (Fort.) An imaginary line
dividing a bastion, ravelin, or other work, into two equal
parts.
7. A chapter, or section, of a
book. [Obs.]
Holy St. Bernard hath said in the 59th
capital.
Sir W. Scott.
8. (Print.) See Capital
letter, under Capital, a.
Active capital. See under
Active, -- Small capital
(Print.), a small capital letter. See under
Capital, a. -- To live on
one's capital, to consume one's capital without
producing or accumulating anything to replace it.
Cap"i*tal*ist, n. [Cf. F.
capitaliste.] One who has capital; one who has money
for investment, or money invested; esp. a person of large
property, which is employed in business.
The expenditure of the capitalist.
Burke.
Cap"i*tal*i*za`tion (?), n.
The act or process of capitalizing.
Cap"i*tal*ize (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Capitalized (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Capitalizing.]
1. To convert into capital, or to use as
capital.
2. To compute, appraise, or assess the
capital value of (a patent right, an annuity, etc.)
3. To print in capital letters, or with
an initial capital.
Cap*i*tal*ly, adv.
1. In a way involving the forfeiture of the
head or life; as, to punish capitally.
2. In a capital manner;
excellently. [Colloq.]
Cap"i*tal*ness, n. The quality
of being capital; preeminence. [R.]
{ Ca`pi*tan` Pa*sha` or Pa*cha` (?) }. [See
capitan.] The chief admiral of the Turkish
fleet.
Cap"i*tate (?), a. [L.
capitatus fr. caput head.] 1.
Headlike in form; also, having the distal end enlarged and
rounded, as the stigmas of certain flowers.
2. (Bot.) Having the flowers
gathered into a head.
Cap`i*ta"tim (?), a. [NL.] Of
so much per head; as, a capitatim tax; a capitatim
grant.
Cap`i*ta"tion (?), n. [L.
capitatio a poll tax, fr. caput head; cf. F.
capitation.] 1. A numbering of heads
or individuals. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.
2. A tax upon each head or person,
without reference to property; a poll tax.
||Cap"i*te (?), n. [L., abl. of
caput head.] See under Tenant.
Cap`i*tel"late (?), a. [L.
capitellum, dim. of caput head.] (Bot.)
Having a very small knoblike termination, or collected into
minute capitula.
||Cap`i*ti*bran`chi*a"ta (?), n.
pl. [NL., from L. caput, capitis, head +
-branchiae gills.] (Zoöl.) A division of
annelids in which the gills arise from or near the head. See
Tubicola.
Cap"i*tol (?), [L. capitolium, fr.
caput head: cf. F. capitole. See Chief.]
1. The temple of Jupiter, at Rome, on the
Mona Capitolinus, where the Senate met.
Comes Cæsar to the Capitol to-
morrow?
Shak.
2. The edifice at Washington occupied by
the Congress of the United States; also, the building in which
the legislature of State holds its sessions; a
statehouse.
{ Cap`i*to"li*an (?), Cap"i*to*line (?), }
a. [L. capitolinus: cf. F.
capitolin.] Of or pertaining to the Capitol in
Rome. "Capitolian Jove." Macaulay.
Capitoline games (Antiq.), annual
games instituted at Rome by Camillus, in honor of Jupter
Capitolinus, on account of the preservation of the Capitol from
the Gauls; when reinstituted by Domitian, arter a period of
neglect, they were held every fifth year.
||Ca*pit"u*la (?), n. pl. See
Capitulum.
Ca*pit"u*lar (?), n. [LL.
capitulare, capitularium, fr. L. capitulum a
small head, a chapter, dim. of capit head, chapter.]
1. An act passed in a chapter.
2. A member of a chapter.
The chapter itself, and all its members or
capitulars.
Ayliffe.
3. The head or prominent part.
Ca*pit"u*lar (?), a.
1. (Eccl.) Of or pertaining to a
chapter; capitulary.
From the pope to the member of the
capitular body.
Milman.
2. (Bot.) Growing in, or
pertaining to, a capitulum.
3. (Anat.) Pertaining to a
capitulum; as, the capitular process of a vertebra, the
process which articulates with the capitulum of a rib.
Ca*pit"u*lar*ly (?), adv. In
the manner or form of an ecclesiastical chapter.
Sterne.
Ca*pit"u*la*ry (?), n.; pl.
Capitularies (#). [See Capitular.]
1. A capitular.
2. The body of laws or statutes of a
chapter, or of an ecclesiastical council.
3. A collection of laws or statutes,
civil and ecclesiastical, esp. of the Frankish kings, in chapters
or sections.
Several of Charlemagne's capitularies.
Hallam.
Ca*pit"u*la*ry (?), a.
Relating to the chapter of a cathedral; capitular.
"Capitulary acts." Warton.
Ca*pit"u*late (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Capitulated; p.
pr. & vb. n. Capitulating.] [LL.
capitulatus, p. p. of capitulare to capitulate: cf.
F. capituler. See Capitular, n.]
1. To settle or draw up the heads or terms
of an agreement, as in chapters or articles; to agree.
[Obs.]
There capitulates with the king . . . to
take to wife his daughter Mary.
Heylin.
There is no reason why the reducing of any
agreement to certain heads or capitula should not be called to
capitulate.
Trench.
2. To surrender on terms agreed upon
(usually, drawn up under several heads); as, an army or a
garrison capitulates.
The Irish, after holding out a week,
capitulated.
Macaulay.
Ca*pit"u*late, v. t. To
surrender or transfer, as an army or a fortress, on certain
conditions. [R.]
Ca*pit`u*la"tion (?), n. [Cf. F.
capitulation, LL. capitulatio.] 1.
A reducing to heads or articles; a formal
agreement.
With special capitulation that neither the
Scots nor the French shall refortify.
Bp. Burnet.
2. The act of capitulating or
surrendering to an emeny upon stipulated terms.
3. The instrument containing the terms of
an agreement or surrender.
Ca*pit"u*la`tor (?), n. [LL.]
One who capitulates.
Cap"i*tule (?), n. [L.
capitulum small head, chapter.] A summary.
[Obs.]
||Ca*pit"u*lum (?), n.; pl.
Capitula (&?;). [L., a small head.] 1.
A thick head of flowers on a very short axis, as a clover
top, or a dandelion; a composite flower. A capitulum may be
either globular or flat. Gray.
2. (Anat.) A knoblike protuberance
of any part, esp. at the end of a bone or cartilage. [See
Illust. of Artiodactyla.]
Ca*pi"vi (?), n. [Cf.
Copaiba.] A balsam of the Spanish West Indies. See
Copaiba.
Ca"ple (?), n. See
Capel.
Cap"lin (?), n. See
Capelin.
{ Cap"lin (?), Cap"ling (?), }
n. The cap or coupling of a flail, through
which the thongs pass which connect the handle and swingel.
Wright.
Cap"no*man`cy (?), n. [Gr. &?;
smoke + mancy: cf. F. capnomancie.] Divination
by means of the ascent or motion of smoke.
Cap"no*mor (?), n. [Gr. &?; smoke +
&?;, equiv. to &?; part.] (Chem.) A limpid, colorless
oil with a peculiar odor, obtained from beech tar.
Watts.
||Ca*poc" (?), n. [Malay
kāpoq.] A sort of cotton so short and fine that
it can not be spun, used in the East Indies to line palanquins,
to make mattresses, etc.
Ca*poch" (?), n.; pl.
Capoches (#). [Cf. Sp. capucho, It.
cappucio, F. Capuce, capuchon, LL.
caputium, fr. capa cloak. See Cap.] A
hood; especially, the hood attached to the gown of a
monk.
Ca*poch", v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Capoched (?).] To cover with, or as
with, a hood; hence, to hoodwink or blind.
Hudibras.
Ca"pon (kā"p'n or kā"pŭn;
277), n. [OE. capon, chapoun, AS.
capūn (cf. F. chapon), L. capo, fr.
Gr. ka`pwn akin to ko`ptein to cut, OSlav.
skopiti to castrate. Cf. Comma.] A castrated
cock, esp. when fattened; a male chicken gelded to improve his
flesh for the table. Shak.
The merry thought of a capon.
W. Irving.
Ca"pon, v. t. To castrate; to
make a capon of.
Ca"pon*et (?), n. A young
capon. [R.] Chapman.
Cap`o*niere" (?), n. [F.
caponnière, fr. Sp. caponera, orig., a cage
for fattening capons, hence, a place of refuge; cf. It.
capponiera. See Capon.] (Fort.) A work
made across or in the ditch, to protect it from the enemy, or to
serve as a covered passageway.
Ca"pon*ize (?), v. t. To
castrate, as a fowl.
Ca*pot" (?), n. [F.] A winning
of all the tricks at the game of piquet. It counts for forty
points. Hoyle.
Ca*pot", v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Capotted.] To win all the tricks from,
in playing at piquet.
Ca*pote" (?), n. [Sp. capote
(cf. F. capote.), fr. LL. capa cape, cloak. See
Cap.] A long cloak or overcoat, especially one with a
hood.
Ca*pouch" (?), n. & v. t. Same
as Capoch.
Cap"pa*dine (?), n. A floss or
waste obtained from the cocoon after the silk has been reeled
off, used for shag.
Cap"pa`per (?), See cap,
n., also Paper,
n.
Cap"peak` (?), n. The front
piece of a cap; -- now more commonly called
visor.
||Cap*pel"la (?), n. See A
cappella.
Cap"per (?), n. 1.
One whose business is to make or sell caps.
2. A by-bidder; a decoy for
gamblers. [Slang, U. S.]
3. An instrument for applying a
percussion cap to a gun or cartridge.
Cap"ping plane` (?). (Join.) A plane used
for working the upper surface of staircase rails.
||Ca"pra (?), n. [L., a she goat.]
(Zoöl.) A genus of ruminants, including the
common goat.
Cap"rate (?), n. (Chem.)
A salt of capric acid.
Cap"re*o*late (?), a. [L.
capreolus wild goat, tendril, fr. caper goat: cf.
F. capréolé.] (Bot.) Having a
tendril or tendrils.
Cap"re*o*line (?), a. [L.
capreolus wild goat, fr. caper goat.]
(Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to the
roebuck.
Cap"ric (?), a. [L. caper
goat.] (Chem.) Of or pertaining to capric acid or its
derivatives.
Capric acid,
C9H19.CO2H, Caprylic
acid, C7H15.CO2H,
and Caproic acid,
C5H11.CO2H, are fatty acids
occurring in small quantities in butter, cocoanut oil, etc.,
united with glycerin; they are colorless oils, or white
crystalline solids, of an unpleasant odor like that of goats or
sweat.
||Ca*pric"cio (k&adot;*prēt"ch&osl;),
n. [It. See Caprice.] 1.
(Mus.) A piece in a free form, with frequent
digressions from the theme; a fantasia; -- often called
caprice.
2. A caprice; a freak; a fancy.
Shak.
||Ca*pric*cio"so
(k&adot;*prēt*chō"s&osl;), a. [It.]
(Mus) In a free, fantastic style.
Ca*price" (k&adot;*prēs"), n.
[F. caprice, It. capriccio, caprice (perh. orig. a
fantastical goat leap), fr. L. caper, capra, goat.
Cf Capriole, Cab, Caper, v.
i.] 1. An abrupt change in
feeling, opinion, or action, proceeding from some whim or fancy;
a freak; a notion. "Caprices of appetite." W.
Irving.
2. (Mus.) See
Capriccio.
Syn. -- Freak; whim; crotchet; fancy; vagary; humor;
whimsey; fickleness.
Ca*pri"cious (k&adot;*pr&ibreve;sh"ŭs),
a. [Cf. F. capricieux, It.
capriccioso.] Governed or characterized by caprice;
apt to change suddenly; freakish; whimsical; changeable.
"Capricious poet." Shak. "Capricious humor."
Hugh Miller.
A capricious partiality to the Romish
practices.
Hallam.
Syn. -- Freakish; whimsical; fanciful; fickle;
crotchety; fitful; wayward; changeable; unsteady; uncertain;
inconstant; arbitrary.
-- Ca*pri"cious*ly, adv. --
Ca*pri"cious*ness, n.
Cap"ri*corn (?), n. [L.
capricornus; caper goat + cornu horn: cf. F.
capricorne.] 1. (Astron.) The
tenth sign of zodiac, into which the sun enters at the winter
solstice, about December 21. See Tropic.
The sun was entered into Capricorn.
Dryden.
2. (Astron.) A southern
constellation, represented on ancient monuments by the figure of
a goat, or a figure with its fore part like a fish.
Capricorn beetle (Zoöl.),
any beetle of the family Carambucidæ; one of the
long-horned beetles. The larvæ usually bore into the wood
or bark of trees and shrubs and are often destructive. See
Girdler, Pruner.
Cap"rid (?), a. [L. caper,
capra, goat.] (Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to
the tribe of ruminants of which the goat, or genus Capra,
is the type.
Cap`ri*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [L.
caprificatio, fr. caprificare to ripen figs by
caprification, fr. caprificus the wild fig; caper
goat + ficus fig.] The practice of hanging, upon the
cultivated fig tree, branches of the wild fig infested with
minute hymenopterous insects.
&fist; It is supposed that the little insects insure
fertilization by carrying the pollen from the male flowers near
the opening of the fig down to the female flowers, and also
accelerate ripening the fruit by puncturing it. The practice has
existed since ancient times, but its benefit has been
disputed.
Cap"ri*fole (?), n. [L.
caper goat + folium leaf.] The woodbine or
honeysuckle. Spenser.
Cap"ri*fo`li*a`ceous (?), a.
Of, pertaining to, or resembling, the Honeysuckle family of
plants (Caprifoliacæ.
Cap"ri*form (?), a. [L.
caper goat + -form.] Having the form of a
goat.
Ca*prig"e*nous (?), a. [L.
caprigenus; caper goat + gegnere to
produce.] Of the goat kind.
Cap"rine (?), a. [L.
caprinus.] Of or pertaining to a goat; as,
caprine gambols.
Cap"ri*ole (?), n. [F.
capriole, cabriole, It. capriola, fr. L.
caper goat. Cf. Caper, v. i.
Cabriole, Caprice, Cheveril.]
1. (Man.) A leap that a horse makes
with all fours, upwards only, without advancing, but with a kick
or jerk of the hind legs when at the height of the
leap.
2. A leap or caper, as in dancing.
"With lofty turns and caprioles." Sir J.
Davies.
Cap"ri*ole, v. i. To perform a
capriole. Carlyle.
Cap"ri*ped (?), a. [L.
capripers; caper goat + pes pedis, foot.]
Having feet like those of a goat.
Cap"ro*ate (?), n. (Chem.)
A salt of caproic acid.
Ca*pro"ic (?), a. (Chem.)
See under Capric.
Cap"ry*late (?), n. (Chem.)
A salt of caprylic acid.
Ca*pryl"ic (?), a. (Chem.)
See under Capric.
Cap*sa"i*cin (?), n. [From
Capsicum.] (Chem.) A colorless crystalline
substance extracted from the Capsicum annuum, and giving
off vapors of intense acridity.
Cap"sheaf` (?), n. The top
sheaf of a stack of grain: (fig.) the crowning or finishing part
of a thing.
Cap"si*cin (?), n. [From
Capsicum.] (Chem.) A red liquid or soft resin
extracted from various species of capsicum.
Cap"si*cine (?), n. [From
Capsicum.] (Chem.) A volatile alkaloid
extracted from Capsicum annuum or from capsicin.
Cap"si*cum (kăp"s&ibreve;*kŭm),
n. [NL., fr. L. capsa box, chest.]
(Bot.) A genus of plants of many species, producing
capsules or dry berries of various forms, which have an
exceedingly pungent, biting taste, and when ground form the red
or Cayenne pepper of commerce.
[1913 Webster]
&fist; The most important species are Capsicum baccatum
or bird pepper, C. fastigiatum or chili pepper, C.
frutescens or spur pepper, and C. annuum or Guinea
pepper, which includes the bell pepper and other common garden
varieties. The fruit is much used, both in its green and ripe
state, in pickles and in cookery. See Cayenne pepper.
[1913 Webster]
Cap*size" (?), v. t. & i.
[imp. & p. p. Capsized (#); p.
pr. & vb. n. Capsizing.] [Cf. Sp.
cabecear to nod, pitch, capuzar, chapuzar,
to sink (a vessel) by the head; both fr. L. caput head.]
To upset or overturn, as a vessel or other body.
But what if carrying sail capsize the
boat?
Byron.
Cap"size` (?), n. An upset or
overturn.
Cap"*square (?), n. (Gun.)
A metal covering plate which passes over the trunnions of a
cannon, and holds it in place.
Cap"stan (?), n. [F.
cabestan, fr. Sp. cabestrante, cabrestante,
fr. cabestrar to bind with a halter, fr.
cabestrohalter, fr. L. capistrum halter, fr.
capere to hold (see Capacious); or perh. the
Spanish is fr. L. caper goat + stans, p. pr. of
stare to stand; cf. F. chèvre she-goat, also
a machine for raising heavy weights.] A vertical cleated
drum or cylinder, revolving on an upright spindle, and surmounted
by a drumhead with sockets for bars or levers. It is much used,
especially on shipboard, for moving or raising heavy weights or
exerting great power by traction upon a rope or cable, passing
around the drum. It is operated either by steam power or by a
number of men walking around the capstan, each pushing on the end
of a lever fixed in its socket. [Sometimes spelt
Capstern, but improperly.]
Capstan bar, one of the long bars or
levers by which the capstan is worked; a handspike.. --
To pawl the capstan, to drop the pawls so
that they will catch in the notches of the pawl ring, and prevent
the capstan from turning back. -- To rig the
capstan, to prepare the for use, by putting the
bars in the sockets. -- To surge the
capstan, to slack the tension of the rope or cable
wound around it.
Cap"stone` (?), n. (Paleon.)
A fossil echinus of the genus Cannulus; -- so called
from its supposed resemblance to a cap.
{ Cap"su*lar (?), Cap"su*la*ry (?), }
a. [Cf. F. capsulaire.] Of or
pertaining to a capsule; having the nature of a capsule; hollow
and fibrous.
Capsular ligament (Anat.), a
ligamentous bag or capsule surrounding many movable joints in the
skeleton.
{ Cap"su*late (?), Cap"su*la`ted (?), }
a. Inclosed in a capsule, or as in a chest
or box.
Cap"sule (?), n. [L. capsula
a little box or chest, fr. capsa chest, case, fr.
capere to take, contain: cf. F. capsule.]
1. (Bot.) a dry fruit or pod which is
made up of several parts or carpels, and opens to discharge the
seeds, as, the capsule of the poppy, the flax, the lily,
etc.
2. (Chem.) (a) A
small saucer of clay for roasting or melting samples of ores,
etc.; a scorifier. (b) a small,
shallow, evaporating dish, usually of porcelain.
3. (Med.) A small cylindrical or
spherical gelatinous envelope in which nauseous or acrid doses
are inclosed to be swallowed.
4. (Anat.) A membranous sac
containing fluid, or investing an organ or joint; as, the
capsule of the lens of the eye. Also, a capsulelike
organ.
5. A metallic seal or cover for closing a
bottle.
6. A small cup or shell, as of metal, for
a percussion cap, cartridge, etc.
Atrabiliary capsule. See under
Atrabiliary. -- Glisson's capsule,
a membranous envelope, entering the liver along with the
portal vessels and insheathing the latter in their course through
the organ. -- Suprarenal capsule, an
organ of unknown function, above or in front of each
kidney.
Cap"tain (kăp"t&ibreve;n),
n. [OE. capitain, captain, OF.
capitain, F. capitaine (cf. Sp. capitan, It.
capitano), LL. capitaneus, capitanus, fr. L.
caput the head. See under Chief, and cf.
Chieftain.] 1. A head, or chief
officer; as: (a) The military officer
who commands a company, troop, or battery, or who has the rank
entitling him to do so though he may be employed on other
service. (b) An officer in the United
States navy, next above a commander and below a commodore, and
ranking with a colonel in the army. (c)
By courtesy, an officer actually commanding a vessel,
although not having the rank of captain.
(d) The master or commanding officer
of a merchant vessel. (e) One in
charge of a portion of a ship's company; as, a captain of
a top, captain of a gun, etc. (f)
The foreman of a body of workmen. (g)
A person having authority over others acting in concert; as,
the captain of a boat's crew; the captain of a
football team.
A trainband captain eke was he.
Cowper.
The Rhodian captain, relying on . . . the
lightness of his vessel, passed, in open day, through all the
guards.
Arbuthnot.
2. A military leader; a
warrior.
Foremost captain of his time.
Tennyson.
Captain general. (a) The
commander in chief of an army or armies, or of the militia.
(b) The Spanish governor of Cuba and its
dependent islands. -- Captain lieutenant,
a lieutenant with the rank and duties of captain but with a
lieutenant's pay, -- as in the first company of an English
regiment.
Cap"tain (?), v. t. To act as
captain of; to lead. [R.]
Men who captained or accompanied the exodus
from existing forms.
Lowell.
Cap"tain, a. Chief;
superior. [R.]
captain jewes in the carcanet.
Shak.
Cap"tain*cy (?), n.; pl.
Captaincies (&?;). The rank, post, or commission of a
captain. Washington.
Captaincy general, the office, power,
territory, or jurisdiction of a captain general; as, the
captaincy general of La Habana (Cuba and its
islands).
Cap"tain*ry (?), n. [Cf. F.
capitainerie.] Power, or command, over a certain
district; chieftainship. [Obs.]
Cap"tain*ship, n.
1. The condition, rank, post, or authority
of a captain or chief commander. "To take the
captainship." Shak.
2. Military skill; as, to show good
captainship.
Cap*ta`tion (?), n. [L.
captatio, fr. captare to catch, intens. of
caper to take: cf. F. captation.] A courting
of favor or applause, by flattery or address; a captivating
quality; an attraction. [Obs.]
Without any of those dresses, or popular
captations, which some men use in their speeches.
Eikon Basilike.
Cap"tion (?), n. [L. captio,
fr. caper to take. In senses 3 and 4, perhaps confounded
in meaning with L. caput a head. See Capacious.]
1. A caviling; a sophism. [Obs.]
This doctrine is for caption and
contradiction.
Bacon.
2. The act of taking or arresting a
person by judicial process. [R.] Bouvier.
3. (Law) That part of a legal
instrument, as a commission, indictment, etc., which shows where,
when, and by what authority, it was taken, found, or
executed. Bouvier. Wharton.
4. The heading of a chapter, section, or
page. [U. S.]
Cap"tious (?), a. [F.
captieux, L. captiosus. See Caption.]
1. Apt to catch at faults; disposed to find
fault or to cavil; eager to object; difficult to
please.
A captious and suspicious age.
Stillingfleet.
I am sensible I have not disposed my materials to
abide the test of a captious controversy.
Bwike.
2. Fitted to harass, perplex, or insnare;
insidious; troublesome.
Captious restraints on navigation.
Bancroft.
Syn. -- Caviling, carping, fault-finding; censorious;
hypercritical; peevish, fretful; perverse; troublesome. --
Captious, caviling, Carping. A
captious person is one who has a fault-finding habit or
manner, or is disposed to catch at faults, errors, etc., with
quarrelsome intent; a caviling person is disposed to raise
objections on frivolous grounds; carping implies that one
is given to ill-natured, persistent, or unreasonable fault-
finding, or picking up of the words or actions of others.
Caviling is the carping of argument,
carping the caviling of ill temper.
C. J. Smith.
Cap"tious*ly, adv. In a
captious manner.
Cap"tious*ness, n. Captious
disposition or manner.
Cap"ti*vate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Captivated; p. pr.
& vb. n. Captivating.] [L. captivatus, p.
p. of captivare to capture, fr. captivus captive.
See Captive.] 1. To take prisoner; to
capture; to subdue. [Obs.]
Their woes whom fortune captivates.
Shak.
2. To acquire ascendancy over by reason
of some art or attraction; to fascinate; to charm; as, Cleopatra
captivated Antony; the orator captivated all
hearts.
Small landscapes of captivating
loveliness.
W. Irving.
Syn. -- To enslave; subdue; overpower; charm; enchant;
bewitch; facinate; capture; lead captive.
Cap"ti*vate (?), p. a. [L.
captivatus.] Taken prisoner; made captive; insnared;
charmed.
Women have been captivate ere now.
Shak.
Cap"ti*va`ting (?), a. Having
power to captivate or charm; fascinating; as, captivating
smiles. -- Cap"ti*va`ting*ly,
adv.
Cap"ti*va`tion (?), n. [L.
capticatio.] The act of captivating. [R.]
The captivation of our understanding.
Bp. Hall.
Cap"tive (?), n. [L.
captivus, fr. capere to take: cf. F. captif.
See Caitiff.] 1. A prisoner taken by
force or stratagem, esp., by an enemy, in war; one kept in
bondage or in the power of another.
Then, when I am thy captive, talk of
chains.
Milton.
2. One charmed or subdued by beaty,
excellence, or affection; one who is captivated.
Cap"tive, a. 1.
Made prisoner, especially in war; held in bondage or in
confinement.
A poor, miserable, captive thrall.
Milton.
2. Subdued by love; charmed;
captivated.
Even in so short a space, my wonan's heart
Grossly grew captive to his honey words.
Shak.
3. Of or pertaining to bondage or
confinement; serving to confine; as, captive chains;
captive hours.
Cap"tive (?), v. t. [imp. &
p. p. Captived (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Captiving.] To take prisoner; to
capture.
Their inhabitans slaughtered and
captived.
Burke.
Cap*tiv"i*ty (?), n. [L.
captivitas: cf. F. captivité.]
1. The state of being a captive or a
prisoner.
More celebrated in his captivity that in
his greatest triumphs.
Dryden.
2. A state of being under control;
subjection of the will or affections; bondage.
Sink in the soft captivity together.
Addison.
Syn. -- Imprisonment; confinement; bondage; subjection;
servitude; slavery; thralldom; serfdom.
Cap"tor (?), n. [L., a cather (of
animals), fr. caper to take.] One who captures any
person or thing, as a prisoner or a prize.
Cap"ture (?), n. [L.
capture, fr. caper to take: cf. F. capture.
See Caitiff, and cf. aptive.]
1. The act of seizing by force, or
getting possession of by superior power or by stratagem; as, the
capture of an enemy, a vessel, or a criminal.
Even with regard to captures made at
sea.
Bluckstone.
2. The securing of an object of strife or
desire, as by the power of some attraction.
3. The thing taken by force, surprise, or
stratagem; a prize; prey.
Syn. -- Seizure; apprehension; arrest; detention.
Cap"ture, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Captured (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Capturing.] To seize or take possession
of by force, surprise, or stratagem; to overcome and hold; to
secure by effort.
Her heart is like some fortress that has been
captured.
W. Ivring.
||Ca*puc"cio (?), n. [It.
cappucio. See Capoch.] A capoch or hood.
[Obs.] Spenser.
Ca*puched" (?), a. [See
Capoch.] Cover with, or as with, a hood. [Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
Cap`u*chin" (?), n. [F.
capucin a monk who wears a cowl, fr. It. cappuccio
hood. See Capoch.]
1. (Eccl.) A Franciscan monk of
the austere branch established in 1526 by Matteo di Baschi,
distinguished by wearing the long pointed cowl or capoch of St.
Francis.
A bare-footed and long-bearded
capuchin.
Sir W. Scott.
2. A garment for women, consisting of a
cloak and hood, resembling, or supposed to resemble, that of
capuchin monks.
3. (Zoöl.) (a)
A long-tailed South American monkey (Cabus
capucinus), having the forehead naked and wrinkled, with the
hair on the crown reflexed and resembling a monk's cowl, the rest
being of a grayish white; -- called also capucine monkey,
weeper, sajou, sapajou, and
sai. (b) Other species of
Cabus, as C. fatuellus (the brown or
horned capucine.), C. albifrons (the
cararara), and C. apella. (c)
A variety of the domestic pigeon having a hoodlike tuft of
feathers on the head and sides of the neck.
Capuchin nun, one of an austere order of
Franciscan nuns which came under Capuchin rule in 1538. The order
had recently been founded by Maria Longa.
Cap"u*cine (?), n. See
Capuchin, 3.
Cap"u*let (?), n. (Far.)
Same as Capellet.
Cap"u*lin (-l&ibreve;n), n. [Sp.
capuli.] The Mexican cherry (Prunus
Capollin).
||Ca"put (kā"pŭt), n.;
pl. Capita
(kăp"&ibreve;*t&adot;). [L., the head.] 1.
(Anat.) The head; also, a knoblike protuberance or
capitulum.
2. The top or superior part of a
thing.
3. (Eng.) The council or ruling
body of the University of Cambridge prior to the constitution of
1856.
Your caputs and heads of colleges.
Lamb.
Caput mortuum (&?;). [L., dead head.]
(Old Chem.) The residuum after distillation or
sublimation; hence, worthless residue.
Ca`py*ba"ra (?), n. [Sp.
capibara, fr. the native name.] (Zoöl.) A
large South American rodent (Hydrochærus capybara)
Living on the margins of lakes and rivers. It is the largest
extant rodent, being about three feet long, and half that in
height. It somewhat resembles the Guinea pig, to which it is
related; -- called also cabiai and water
hog.
Car (?), n. [OF. car,
char, F. cahr, fr. L. carrus, Wagon: a
Celtic word; cf. W. car, Armor. karr, Ir. & Gael.
carr. cf. Chariot.] 1. A small
vehicle moved on wheels; usually, one having but two wheels and
drawn by one horse; a cart.
2. A vehicle adapted to the rails of a
railroad. [U. S.]
&fist; In England a railroad passenger car is called a
railway carriage; a freight car a goods
wagon; a platform car a goods truck; a
baggage car a van. But styles of car introduced
into England from America are called cars; as, tram
car. Pullman car. See Train.
3. A chariot of war or of triumph; a
vehicle of splendor, dignity, or solemnity. [Poetic].
The gilded car of day.
Milton.
The towering car, the sable steeds.
Tennyson.
4. (Astron.) The stars also called
Charles's Wain, the Great Bear, or the Dipper.
The Pleiads, Hyads, and the Northern
Car.
Dryden.
5. The cage of a lift or
elevator.
6. The basket, box, or cage suspended
from a balloon to contain passengers, ballast, etc.
7. A floating perforated box for living
fish. [U. S.]
Car coupling, or Car
coupler, a shackle or other device for connecting
the cars in a railway train. [U. S.] -- Dummy
car (Railroad), a car containing its own
steam power or locomotive. -- Freight car
(Railrood), a car for the transportation of
merchandise or other goods. [U. S.] -- Hand
car (Railroad), a small car propelled by
hand, used by railroad laborers, etc. [U. S.] --
Horse car, or Street
car, an omnibus car, draw by horses or other power
upon rails laid in the streets. [U. S.] -- Palace
car, Drawing-room car,
Sleeping car, Parlor car,
etc. (Railroad), cars especially designed and
furnished for the comfort of travelers.
Car"a*bid (?), a.
(Zoöl.) Of, pertaining to, or resembling, the
genus Carabus or family Carabidæ. --
n. One of the Carabidæ, a
family of active insectivorous beetles.
Car"a*bine (?), n. (Mil.)
A carbine.
Car`a*bi*neer" (?), n. A
carbineer.
Car"a*boid (?), a. [Carabus
+ -oid.] (Zoöl.) Like, or pertaining to
the genus Carabus.
||Car"a*bus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr.
&?; a horned beetle.] (Zoöl.) A genus of ground
beetles, including numerous species. They devour many injurious
insects.
Car"ac (?), n. See
Carack.
Car"a*cal (?), n. [F.
caracal, fr. Turk garahgootag; garah black +
goofag ear.] (Zoöl.) A lynx (Felis, or
Lynx, caracal.) It is a native of Africa and Asia. Its ears
are black externally, and tipped with long black hairs.
Ca`ra*ca"ra (kä`r&adot;kä"r&adot;),
n. (Zoöl.) A south American
bird of several species and genera, resembling both the eagles
and the vultures. The caracaras act as scavengers, and are also
called carrion buzzards.
&fist; The black caracara is Ibycter ater; the chimango
is Milvago chimango; the Brazilian is Polyborus
Braziliensis.
Car"ack (?), n. [F. caraque
(cf. Sp. & Pg. carraca, It. caracca.), LL.
carraca, fr. L. carrus wagon; or perh. fr. Ar.
qorqūr (pl. qarāqir) a carack.]
(Naut.) A kind of large ship formerly used by the
Spaniards and Portuguese in the East India trade; a
galleon. [Spelt also carrack.]
The bigger whale like some huge carrack
lay.
Waller.
Car"a*cole (?), n. [F.
caracole, caracol, fr. Sp. caracol snail,
winding staircase, a wheeling about.]
1. (Man.) A half turn which a
horseman makes, either to the right or the left.
2. (Arch.) A staircase in a spiral
form.
||En caracole (&?;) [F.], spiral; --
said of a staircase.
Car"a*cole (?), v. i. [imp.
& p. p. Caracoled (?).] [Cf. F.
caracoler.] (Man.) To move in a caracole, or
in caracoles; to wheel.
Prince John caracoled within the lists.
Sir W. Scott.
Car"a*col`y (?), n. An alloy
of gold, silver, and copper, of which an inferior quality of
jewelry is made.
{ Car"a*core (?), Car"a*co`ra (?) },
n. [Malay kurakura.] A light vessel
or proa used by the people of Borneo, etc., and by the Dutch in
the East Indies.
||Ca*rafe" (?), n. [F.] A
glass water bottle for the table or toilet; -- called also
croft.
{ Car"a*geen` or Car"a*gheen` } (?),
n. See Carrageen.
Ca`ram*bo"la (?), n. (Bot.)
An East Indian tree (Averrhoa Carambola), and its
acid, juicy fruit; called also Coromandel
gooseberry.
Car"a*mel (?), n. [F.
caramel (cf. Sp. caramelo), LL. canna
mellis, cannamella, canamella, calamellus
mellitus, sugar cane, from or confused with L. canna
reed + mel, mellis, honey. See Cane.]
1. (Chem.) Burnt sugar; a brown or
black porous substance obtained by heating sugar. It is soluble
in water, and is used for coloring spirits, gravies,
etc.
2. A kind of confectionery, usually a
small cube or square of tenacious paste, or candy, of varying
composition and flavor.
Ca*ran"goid (?), a. [Caranx
+ -oid.] (Zoöl.) Belonging to the
Carangidæ, a family of fishes allied to the
mackerels, and including the caranx, American bluefish, and the
pilot fish.
||Ca"ranx (kā"ră&nsm;ks),
n. (Zoöl.) A genus of fishes,
common on the Atlantic coast, including the yellow or golden
mackerel.
Car"a*pace (kăr"&adot;*pās),
n. [F.] (Zoöl.) The thick
shell or shield which covers the back of the tortoise, or turtle,
the crab, and other crustaceous animals.
||Ca`ra*pa"to (kä`r&adot;*pä"t&osl;),
n. [Pg. carrapato.] (Zoöl.)
A south American tick of the genus Amblyomma. There
are several species, very troublesome to man and beast.
Car"a*pax (?), n.
(Zoöl.) See Carapace.
Car"at (kăr"ăt), n.
[F. carat (cf. It. carato, OPg. quirate, Pg.
& Sp. quilate), Ar. qīrāt bean or pea
shell, a weight of four grains, a carat, fr. Gr.
kera`tion a little horn, the fruit of the carob tree,
a weight, a carat. See Horn.] 1. The
weight by which precious stones and pearls are weighed.
&fist; The carat equals three and one fifth grains
Troy, and is divided into four grains, sometimes called carat
grains. Diamonds and other precious stones are estimated by
carats and fractions of carats, and pearls, usually, by carat
grains. Tiffany.
2. A twenty-fourth part; -- a term used
in estimating the proportionate fineness of gold.
&fist; A mass of metal is said to be so many carats
fine, according to the number of twenty-fourths of pure gold
which it contains; as, 22 carats fine (goldsmith's
standard) = 22 parts of gold, 1 of copper, and 1 of silver.
Car"a*van (kăr"&adot;*văn or
kăr*&adot;*văn"; 277), n. [F.
caravane (cf. Sp. caravana), fr. Per.
karwān a caravan (in sense 1). Cf. Van a
wagon.] 1. A company of travelers, pilgrims,
or merchants, organized and equipped for a long journey, or
marching or traveling together, esp. through deserts and
countries infested by robbers or hostile tribes, as in Asia or
Africa.
2. A large, covered wagon, or a train of
such wagons, for conveying wild beasts, etc., for exhibition; an
itinerant show, as of wild beasts.
3. A covered vehicle for carrying
passengers or for moving furniture, etc.; -- sometimes shorted
into van.
Car`a*van*eer" (?), n. [Cf. F.
caravanier.] The leader or driver of the camels in
caravan.
Car`a*van"sa*ry (?), n.; pl.
Caravansaries (#). [F.
caravansérai, fr. Per.
karwānsarāï; karwān caravan
+ -sarāï palace, large house, inn.] A kind
of inn, in the East, where caravans rest at night, being a large,
rude, unfurnished building, surrounding a court. [Written
also caravanserai and caravansera.]
Car"a*vel (kăr"&adot;*v&ebreve;l),
n. [F. caravelle (cf. It.
caravella, Sp. carabela), fr. Sp. caraba a
kind of vessel, fr. L. carabus a kind of light boat, fr.
Gr. ka`rabos a kind of light ship, NGr.
kara`bi ship, vessel.] [written also carvel and
caravelle.] (Naut.) A name given to several
kinds of vessels. (a) The caravel of
the 16th century was a small vessel with broad bows, high, narrow
poop, four masts, and lateen sails. Columbus commanded three
caravels on his great voyage. (b)
A Portuguese vessel of 100 or 150 tons burden.
(c) A small fishing boat used on the French
coast. (d) A Turkish man-of-
war.
Car"a*way (kăr"&adot;*w&asl;),
n. [F. carvi (cf. Sp. carvi and
al-caravea, al-carahueya, Pg. al-caravia)
fr. Ar. karawīā, karwīā fr.
Gr. ka`ron; cf. L. careum.] 1.
(Bot.) A biennial plant of the Parsley family
(Carum Carui). The seeds have an aromatic smell, and a
warm, pungent taste. They are used in cookery and confectionery,
and also in medicine as a carminative.
2. A cake or sweetmeat containing caraway
seeds.
Caraways, or biscuits, or some other
[comfits].
Cogan.
Car*bam"ic (kär*băm"&ibreve;k),
a. [Carbon + amido.]
(Chem.) Pertaining to an acid so called.
Carbamic acid (Chem.), an amido
acid, NH2.CO2H, not existing in the free
state, but occurring as a salt of ammonium in commercial ammonium
carbonate; -- called also amido formic acid.
Car*bam"ide (kär*băm"&ibreve;d or
-īd), n. [Carbonyl +
amide.] (Chem.) The technical name for
urea.
Car*bam"ine (kär*băm"&ibreve;n or
-ēd), n. (Chem.) An
isocyanide of a hydrocarbon radical. The carbamines are liquids,
usually colorless, and of unendurable odor.
Car"ba*nil (?), n. [Carbonyl
+ aniline.] (Chem.) A mobile liquid,
CO.N.C6H5, of pungent odor. It is the
phenyl salt of isocyanic acid.
Car"ba*zol (?), n. [Carbon +
azo + -ol.] (Chem.) A white
crystallized substance, C12H8NH, derived
from aniline and other amines.
Car*baz"o*tate (?), n.
(Chem.) A salt of carbazotic or picric acid; a
picrate.
Car`ba*zot"ic (?), a.
[Carbon + azole.] Containing, or derived from, carbon
and nitrogen.
Carbazotic acid (Chem.), picric
acid. See under Picric.
Car"bide (?), n. [Carbon +
-ide.] (Chem.) A binary compound of carbon
with some other element or radical, in which the carbon plays the
part of a negative; -- formerly termed carburet.
Car"bi*mide (?), n. [Carbon
+ imide] (Chem.) The technical name for
isocyanic acid. See under Isocyanic.
Car"bine (?), n. [F.
carbine, OF. calabrin carabineer (cf. Ot.
calabrina a policeman), fr. OF & Pr. calabre, OF.
cable, chable, an engine of war used in besieging,
fr. LL. chadabula, cabulus, a kind of projectile
machine, fr. Gr. &?; a throwing down, fr. &?; to throw; &?; down
+ &?; to throw. Cf. Parable.] (Mil.) A short,
light musket or rifle, esp. one used by mounted soldiers or
cavalry.
Car`bi*neer" (?), n. [F.
carabinier.] (Mil.) A soldier armed with a
carbine.
Car"bi*nol (?), n. [Carbin
(Kolbe's name for the radical) + -ol.] (Chem.)
Methyl alcohol, CH3OH; -- also, by extension, any
one in the homologous series of paraffine alcohols of which
methyl alcohol is the type.
Car`bo*hy"drate (?), n.
[Carbon + hydrate.] (Physiol. Chem.)
One of a group of compounds including the sugars, starches,
and gums, which contain six (or some multiple of six) carbon
atoms, united with a variable number of hydrogen and oxygen
atoms, but with the two latter always in proportion as to form
water; as dextrose,
C6H12O6.
Car`bo*hy"dride (?), n.
[Carbon + hydrogen.] (Chem.) A
hydrocarbon.
Car*bol"ic (kär*b&obreve;l"&ibreve;k),
a. [L. carbo coal + oleum oil.]
(Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid
derived from coal tar and other sources; as, carbolic acid
(called also phenic acid, and phenol). See
Phenol.
Car"bo*lize (kär"b&osl;*līz), v.
t. (Med.) To apply carbolic acid to; to
wash or treat with carbolic acid.
Car"bon (kär"b&obreve;n), n.
[F. carbone, fr. L. carbo coal; cf. Skr.
çrā to cook.] (Chem.) An
elementary substance, not metallic in its nature, which is
present in all organic compounds. Atomic weight 11.97. Symbol C.
it is combustible, and forms the base of lampblack and charcoal,
and enters largely into mineral coals. In its pure crystallized
state it constitutes the diamond, the hardest of known
substances, occuring in monometric crystals like the octahedron,
etc. Another modification is graphite, or blacklead, and in this
it is soft, and occurs in hexagonal prisms or tables. When united
with oxygen it forms carbon dioxide, commonly called carbonic
acid, or carbonic oxide, according to the proportions of the
oxygen; when united with hydrogen, it forms various compounds
called hydrocarbons. Compare Diamond, and
Graphite.
Carbon compounds, Compounds of
carbon (Chem.), those compounds consisting
largely of carbon, commonly produced by animals and plants, and
hence called organic compounds, though their synthesis may
be effected in many cases in the laboratory.
The formation of the compounds of carbon is
not dependent upon the life process.
I. Remsen
--
Carbon dioxide, Carbon
monoxide. (Chem.) See under
Carbonic. -- Carbon light
(Elec.), an extremely brilliant electric light
produced by passing a galvanic current through two carbon points
kept constantly with their apexes neary in contact. --
Carbon point (Elec.), a small
cylinder or bit of gas carbon moved forward by clockwork so that,
as it is burned away by the electric current, it shall constantly
maintain its proper relation to the opposing point. --
Carbon tissue, paper coated with gelatine
and pigment, used in the autotype process of photography.
Abney. -- Gas carbon, a compact
variety of carbon obtained as an incrustation on the interior of
gas retorts, and used for the manufacture of the carbon rods of
pencils for the voltaic, arc, and for the plates of voltaic
batteries, etc.
Car"bo*na`ceous (?), a.
Pertaining to, containing, or composed of, carbon.
{ Car"bo*nade (?), Car`bo*na"do (?), }
n. [Cf. F. carbonnade, It.
carbonata, Sp. carbonada, from L. carbo
coal.] (Cookery) Flesh, fowl, etc., cut across,
seasoned, and broiled on coals; a chop. [Obs.]
{ Car`bo*na"do (?), Car"bo*nade (?), }
v. t. [imp. & p. p.
Carbonadoed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Carbonadoing.] 1. To cut (meat)
across for frying or broiling; to cut or slice and broil.
[Obs.]
A short-legged hen daintily
carbonadoed.
Bean. & Fl.
2. To cut or hack, as in fighting.
[Obs.]
I'll so carbonado your shanks.
Shak.
Car`bo*na"do (?), n.; pl.
Carbonadoes (#). [Pg., carbonated.]
(Min.) A black variety of diamond, found in Brazil,
and used for diamond drills. It occurs in irregular or rounded
fragments, rarely distinctly crystallized, with a texture varying
from compact to porous.
Car`bo*na"rism (?), n. The
principles, practices, or organization of the
Carbonari.
||Car`bo*na"ro (?), n.; pl.
Carbonari (#). [It., a coal man.] A member
of a secret political association in Italy, organized in the
early part of the nineteenth centry for the purpose of changing
the government into a republic.
&fist; The origin of the Carbonari is uncertain, but
the society is said to have first met, in 1808, among the
charcoal burners of the mountains, whose phraseology they
adopted.
Car`bon*a*ta"tion (?), n. [From
Carbonate.] (Sugar Making) The saturation of
defecated beet juice with carbonic acid gas.
Knight.
Car"bon*ate (?), n. [Cf. F.
carbonate.] (Chem.) A salt or carbonic acid,
as in limestone, some forms of lead ore, etc.
Car"bon*a`ted (?), a. Combined
or impregnated with carbonic acid.
Car"bone (?), v. t. [See
Carbonado.] To broil. [Obs.] "We had a calf's head
carboned". Pepys.
Car*bon"ic (?), a. [Cf. F.
carbonique. See Carbon.] (Chem.) Of,
pertaining to, or obtained from, carbon; as, carbonic
oxide.
Carbonic acid (Chem.), an acid
H2CO3, not existing separately, which,
combined with positive or basic atoms or radicals, forms
carbonates. In common language the term is very generally applied
to a compound of carbon and oxygen, CO2, more
correctly called carbon dioxide. It is a colorless, heavy,
irrespirable gas, extinguishing flame, and when breathed destroys
life. It can be reduced to a liquid and solid form by intense
pressure. It is produced in the fermentation of liquors, and by
the combustion and decomposition of organic substances, or other
substances containing carbon. It is formed in the explosion of
fire damp in mines, and is hence called after damp; it is
also know as choke damp, and mephitic air. Water
will absorb its own volume of it, and more than this under
pressure, and in this state becomes the common soda water of the
shops, and the carbonated water of natural springs. Combined with
lime it constitutes limestone, or common marble and chalk. Plants
imbibe it for their nutrition and growth, the carbon being
retained and the oxygen given out. -- Carbonic
oxide (Chem.), a colorless gas, CO, of a
light odor, called more correctly carbon monoxide. It is
almost the only definitely known compound in which carbon seems
to be divalent. It is a product of the incomplete combustion of
carbon, and is an abundant constituent of water gas. It is fatal
to animal life, extinguishes combustion, and burns with a pale
blue flame, forming carbon dioxide.
Car"bon*ide (kär"b&obreve;n*&ibreve;d or
-īd), n. A carbide. [R.]
Car`bon*if"er*ous
(kär`b&obreve;n*&ibreve;f"&etilde;r*ŭs),
a. [Carbon + -ferous.]
Producing or containing carbon or coal.
Carboniferous age (Geol.), the
age immediately following the Devonian, or Age of
fishes, and characterized by the vegetation which formed the
coal beds. This age embraces three periods, the
Subcarboniferous, the Carboniferous, and
Permian. See Age of acrogens, under
Acrogen. -- Carboniferous formation
(Geol.), the series of rocks (including sandstones,
shales, limestones, and conglomerates, with beds of coal) which
make up the strata of the Carboniferous age or period. See
the Diagram under Geology.
Car`bon*i*za"tion (?), n. [Cf. F.
carbonisation.] The act or process of
carbonizing.
Car"bon*ize (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Carbonized (?); p.
pr. & vb. n. Carbonizing.] [Cf. F.
carboniser.] 1. To convert (an animal
or vegetable substance) into a residue of carbon by the action of
fire or some corrosive agent; to char.
2. To impregnate or combine with carbon,
as in making steel by cementation.
Car`bon*om"e*ter (?), n.
[Carbon + -meter.] An instrument for detecting
and measuring the amount of carbon which is present, or more esp.
the amount of carbon dioxide, by its action on limewater or by
other means.
Car"bon*yl (?), n. [Carbon +
-yl.] (Chem.) The radical
(CO)\'b7\'b7, occuring, always combined, in
many compounds, as the aldehydes, the ketones, urea, carbonyl
chloride, etc.
&fist; Though denoted by a formula identical with that of
carbon monoxide, it is chemically distinct, as carbon seems to be
divalent in carbon monoxide, but tetravalent in carbonyl
compounds.
Carbonyl chloride (Chem.), a
colorless gas, COCl2, of offensive odor, and easily
condensable to liquid. It is formed from chlorine and carbon
monoxide, under the influence of light, and hence has been called
phosgene gas; -- called also carbon
oxychloride.
Car`bo*sty"ril (?), n.
[Carbon + styrene.] A white crystalline
substance, C9H6N.OH, of acid properties
derived from one of the amido cinnamic acids.
Car*box"ide (?), n. [Carbon
+ oxide.] (Chem.) A compound of carbon and
oxygen, as carbonyl, with some element or radical; as, potassium
carboxide.
Potassium carboxide, a grayish explosive
crystalline compound, C6O6K, obtained by
passing carbon monoxide over heated potassium.
Car*box"yl (?), n. [Carbon +
oxygen + -yl.] (Chem.) The complex
radical, CO.OH, regarded as the essential and characteristic
constituent which all oxygen acids of carbon (as formic, acetic,
benzoic acids, etc.) have in common; -- called also
oxatyl.
Car"boy (?), n. [Cf. Ir. & Gael
carb basket; or Pers qurābah a sort of
bottle.] A large, globular glass bottle, esp. one of green
glass, inclosed in basket work or in a box, for protection; --
used commonly for carrying corrosive liquids; as sulphuric acid,
etc.
Car"bun*cle (?), n. [L.
carbunculus a little coal, a bright kind of precious
stone, a kind of tumor, dim. of carbo coal: cf. F.
carboncle. See Carbon.]
1. (Min.) A beautiful gem of a
deep red color (with a mixture of scarlet) called by the Greeks
anthrax; found in the East Indies. When held up to the
sun, it loses its deep tinge, and becomes of the color of burning
coal. The name belongs for the most part to ruby sapphire, though
it has been also given to red spinel and garnet.
2. (Med.) A very painful acute
local inflammation of the subcutaneous tissue, esp. of the trunk
or back of the neck, characterized by brawny hardness of the
affected parts, sloughing of the skin and deeper tissues, and
marked constitutional depression. It differs from a boil in size,
tendency to spread, and the absence of a central core, and is
frequently fatal. It is also called anthrax.
3. (Her.) A charge or bearing
supposed to represent the precious stone. It has eight scepters
or staves radiating from a common center. Called also
escarbuncle.
Car"bun*cled (?), a.
1. Set with carbuncles.
He has deserves it [armor], were it
carbuncled
Like holy Phabus' car.
Shak.
2. Affected with a carbuncle or
carbuncles; marked with red sores; pimpled and blotched. "A
carbuncled face." Brome.
Car*bun"cu*lar (?), a.
Belonging to a carbuncle; resembling a carbuncle; red;
inflamed.
Car*bun`cu*la"tion (?), n. [L.
carbunculatio.] The blasting of the young buds of
trees or plants, by excessive heat or cold.
Harris.
Car"bu*ret (?), n. [From
Carbon.] (Chem.) A carbide. See
Carbide [Archaic]
Car"bu*ret, v. t. [imp. &
p. p. Carbureted or Carburetted (&?;);
p. pr. & vb. n. Carbureting or
Carburetting.] To combine or to impregnate with
carbon, as by passing through or over a liquid hydrocarbon; to
carbonize or carburize.
By carbureting the gas you may use poorer
coal.
Knight.
Car"bu*ret`ant (?), n. Any
volatile liquid used in charging illuminating gases.
Car"bu*ret`ed (?), a.
1. (Chem.) Combined with carbon in
the manner of a carburet or carbide.
2. Saturated or impregnated with some
volatile carbon compound; as, water gas is carbureted to
increase its illuminating power.
[Written also carburetted.]
Carbureted hydrogen gas, any one of
several gaseous compounds of carbon and hydrogen, some of with
make up illuminating gas. -- Light carbureted
hydrogen, marsh gas, CH4; fire
damp.
Car"bu*ret`or (?), n.
(Chem.) An apparatus in which coal gas, hydrogen, or
air is passed through or over a volatile hydrocarbon, in order to
confer or increase illuminating power. [Written also
carburettor.]
Car"bu*ri*za`tion (?), n.
(Chem.) The act, process, or result of
carburizing.
Car"bu*rize (kär"b&usl;*rīz), v.
t. [imp. & p. p. Carburized
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Carburizing.]
(Chem.) To combine with carbon or a carbon compound;
-- said esp. of a process for conferring a higher degree of
illuminating power on combustible gases by mingling them with a
vapor of volatile hydrocarbons.
Car"ca*jou (kär"k&adot;*j&oomac;),
n. [Probably a Canadian French corruption of an
Indian name of the wolverene.] (Zoöl.) The
wolverene; -- also applied, but erroneously, to the Canada lynx,
and sometimes to the American badger. See
Wolverene.
Car"ca*net (kär"k&adot;*n&ebreve;t),
n. [Dim. fr. F. carcan the iron collar
or chain of a criminal, a chain of precious stones, LL.
carcannum, fr. Armor. kerchen bosom, neck,
kelchen collar, fr. kelch circle; or Icel.
kverk troat, OHG. querca throat.] A jeweled
chain, necklace, or collar. [Also written carkanet
and carcant.] Shak.
Car"case (kär"kas), n.
See Carcass.
Car"cass (kär"kas), n.;
pl. Carcasses (#). [Written also
carcase.] [F. carcasse, fr. It. carcassa,
fr. L. caro flesh + capsa chest, box, case. Cf.
Carnal, Case a sheath.] 1. A
dead body, whether of man or beast; a corpse; now commonly the
dead body of a beast.
He turned to see the carcass of the
lion.
Judges xiv. 8.
This kept thousands in the town whose
carcasses went into the great pits by cartloads.
De Foe.
2. The living body; -- now commonly used
in contempt or ridicule. "To pamper his own
carcass." South.
Lovely her face; was ne'er so fair a creature.
For earthly carcass had a heavenly feature.
Oldham.
3. The abandoned and decaying remains of
some bulky and once comely thing, as a ship; the skeleton, or the
uncovered or unfinished frame, of a thing.
A rotten carcass of a boat.
Shak.
4. (Mil.) A hollow case or shell,
filled with combustibles, to be thrown from a mortar or howitzer,
to set fire to buldings, ships, etc.
A discharge of carcasses and
bombshells.
W. Iving.
||Car`ca*vel"hos (?), n. A
sweet wine. See Calcavella.
Car"ce*lage (?), n. [LL.
carcelladium, carceragium, fr. L. carcer
prison.] Prison fees. [Obs.]
Car"cel lamp` (?). [Named after Carcel, the
inventor.] A French mechanical lamp, for lighthouses, in
which a superabundance of oil is pumped to the wick tube by
clockwork.
Car"cer*al (?), a. [L.
carceralis, fr. carcer prison.] Belonging to a
prison. [R.] Foxe.
Car`ci*no*log"ic*al (?), a. Of
or pertaining to carcinology.
Car`ci*nol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?; a
crab + -logy.] (Zoöl.) The department of
zoölogy which treats of the Crustacea (lobsters,
crabs, etc.); -- called also malacostracology and
crustaceology.
||Car`ci*no"ma (?), n. [L., fr. Gr.
&?;, fr. &?; crab, cancer. See -oma.] (Med.) A
cancer. By some medical writers, the term is applied to an
indolent tumor. See Cancer. Dunglison.
Car`ci*nom"a*tous (?), a. Of
or pertaining to carcinoma.
||Car`ci*no"sys (?), n. [NL., fr.
Gr. &?; cancer.] The affection of the system with
cancer.
Card (?), n. [F. carte, fr.
L. charta paper, Gr. &?; a leaf of paper. Cf.
Chart.] 1. A piece of pasteboard, or
thick paper, blank or prepared for various uses; as, a playing
card; a visiting card; a card of invitation;
pl. a game played with cards.
Our first cards were to Carabas House.
Thackeray.
2. A published note, containing a brief
statement, explanation, request, expression of thanks, or the
like; as, to put a card in the newspapers. Also, a printed
programme, and (fig.), an attraction or inducement; as,
this will be a good card for the last day of the
fair.
3. A paper on which the points of the
compass are marked; the dial or face of the mariner's
compass.
All the quartere that they know
I' the shipman's card.
Shak.
4. (Weaving) A perforated
pasteboard or sheet-metal plate for warp threads, making part of
the Jacquard apparatus of a loom. See Jacquard.
5. An indicator card. See under
Indicator.
Business card, a card on which is
printed an advertisement or business address. --
Card basket (a) A basket to
hold visiting cards left by callers. (b)
A basket made of cardboard. -- Card
catalogue. See Catalogue. --
Card rack, a rack or frame for holding and
displaying business or visiting card. -- Card
table, a table for use inplaying cards, esp. one
having a leaf which folds over. -- On the
cards, likely to happen; foretold and expected but
not yet brought to pass; -- a phrase of fortune tellers that has
come into common use; also, according to the programme. --
Playing card, cards used in playing games;
specifically, the cards cards used playing which and other games
of chance, and having each pack divided onto four kinds or suits
called hearts, diamonds, clubs, and spades. The full or whist
pack contains fifty-two cards. -- To have the cards
in one's own hands, to have the winning cards; to
have the means of success in an undertaking. -- To
play one's cards well, to make no errors; to act
shrewdly. -- To play snow one's cards,
to expose one's plants to rivals or foes. -- To
speak by the card, to speak from information and
definitely, not by guess as in telling a ship's bearing by the
compass card. -- Visiting card, a
small card bearing the name, and sometimes the address, of the
person presenting it.
Card, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Carded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Carding.] To play at cards; to game.
Johnson.
Card, n. [F. carde teasel,
the head of a thistle, card, from L. carduus,
cardus, thistle, fr. carere to card.]
1. An instrument for disentangling and
arranging the fibers of cotton, wool, flax, etc.; or for cleaning
and smoothing the hair of animals; -- usually consisting of bent
wire teeth set closely in rows in a thick piece of leather
fastened to a back.
2. A roll or sliver of fiber (as of wool)
delivered from a carding machine.
Card clothing, strips of wire-toothed
card used for covering the cylinders of carding
machines.
Card (?), v. t. 1.
To comb with a card; to cleanse or disentangle by carding;
as, to card wool; to card a horse.
These card the short comb the longer
flakes.
Dyer.
2. To clean or clear, as if by using a
card. [Obs.]
This book [must] be carded and purged.
T. Shelton.
3. To mix or mingle, as with an inferior
or weaker article. [Obs.]
You card your beer, if you guests being to
be drunk. -- half small, half strong.
Greene.
&fist; In the manufacture of wool, cotton, etc., the process
of carding disentangles and collects together all the fibers, of
whatever length, and thus differs from combing, in which the
longer fibers only are collected, while the short straple is
combed away. See Combing.
Car"da*mine (?), n. [L.
cardamina, Gr. &?;: cf. F. cardamine.]
(Bot.) A genus of cruciferous plants, containing the
lady's-smock, cuckooflower, bitter cress, meadow cress,
etc.
Car"da*mom (kär"d&adot;*mŭm),
n. [L. cardamomun, Gr.
karda`mwmon] 1. The aromatic
fruit, or capsule with its seeds, of several plants of the Ginger
family growing in the East Indies and elsewhere, and much used as
a condiment, and in medicine.
2. (Bot.) A plant which produces
cardamoms, esp. Elettaria Cardamomum and several species
of Amomum.
Card"board` (kärd"bōrd`),
n. A stiff compact pasteboard of various
qualities, for making cards, etc., often having a polished
surface.
Card"case` (kärd"kās`),
n. A case for visiting cards.
Car"de*cu (kär"d&esl;*k&usl;),
n. [Corrupt, from F. quart
d'écu.] A quarter of a crown. [Obs.]
The bunch of them were not worth a
cardecu.
Sir W. Scott.
Card"er (?), n. One who, or
that which cards wool flax, etc. Shak.
Car"di*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;
heart, or upper orifice of the stomach.] (Anat.)
(a) The heart. (b)
The anterior or cardiac orifice of the stomach, where the
esophagus enters it.
Car"di*ac (?), a. [L.
cardiacus, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; heart: cf. F.
cardiaque.] 1. (Anat.)
Pertaining to, resembling, or hear the heart; as, the
cardiac arteries; the cardiac, or left, end of the
stomach.
2. (Med.) Exciting action in the
heart, through the medium of the stomach; cordial;
stimulant.
Cardiac passion (Med.)
cardialgia; heartburn. [Archaic] -- Cardiac
wheel. (Mach.) See Heart
wheel.
Car"di*ac n. (Med.) A
medicine which excites action in the stomach; a
cardial.
Car*di"a*cal (?), a.
Cardiac.
Car"di*a*cle (?), n. A pain
about the heart. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Car"di*a*graph (?), n. See
Cardiograph.
{ ||Car`di*al"gl*a (?), Car"di*al`gy (?), }
n. [NL. cardialgia, fr. Gr. &?;; &?;
heart + &?; pain: cf. F. cardialgie.] (Med.) A
burning or gnawing pain, or feeling of distress, referred to the
region of the heart, accompanied with cardiac palpitation;
heartburn. It is usually a symptom of indigestion.
Car"di*gan jack`et (#). [From the Earl of
Cardigan, who was famous in the Crimean campaign of 1854-
55.] A warm jacket of knit worsted with or without
sleeves.
Car"di*nal (?), a. [L.
cardinalis, fr. cardo the hinge of a door, that on
which a thing turns or depends: cf. F. cardinal.] Of
fundamental importance; preëminent; superior; chief;
principal.
The cardinal intersections of the
zodiac.
Sir T. Browne.
Impudence is now a cardinal virtue.
Drayton.
But cardinal sins, and hollow hearts, I
fear ye.
Shak.
Cardinal numbers, the numbers one, two,
three, etc., in distinction from first, second,
third, etc., which are called ordinal numbers.
-- Cardinal points (a)
(Geol.) The four principal points of the compass, or
intersections of the horizon with the meridian and the prime
vertical circle, north, south east, and west.
(b) (Astrol.) The rising and setting
of the sun, the zenith and nadir. -- Cardinal
signs (Astron.) Aries, Libra, Cancer, and
Capricorn. -- Cardinal teeth
(Zoöl.), the central teeth of bivalve shell. See
Bivalve. -- Cardinal veins
(Anat.), the veins in vertebrate embryos, which run
each side of the vertebral column and returm the blood to the
heart. They remain through life in some fishes. --
Cardinal virtues, preëminent virtues;
among the ancients, prudence, justice, temperance, and
fortitude. -- Cardinal winds, winds
which blow from the cardinal points due north, south, east, or
west.
Car"di*nal, n. [F. carinal,
It. cardinale, LL. cardinalis (ecclesiæ
Romanæ). See Cardinal, a.]
1. (R. C. Ch.) One of the
ecclesiastical princes who constitute the pope's council, or the
sacred college.
The clerics of the supreme Chair are called
Cardinals, as undoubtedly adhering more nearly to the
hinge by which all things are moved.
Pope Leo IX.
&fist; The cardinals are appointed by the pope. Since
the time of Sixtus V., their number can never exceed seventy (six
of episcopal rank, fifty priests, fourteen deacons), and the
number of cardinal priests and deacons is seldom full. When the
papel chair is vacant a pope is elected by the college of
cardinals from among themselves. The cardinals take precedence of
all dignitaries except the pope. The principal parts of a
cardinal's costume are a red cassock, a rochet, a short purple
mantle, and a red hat with a small crown and broad brim, with
cords and tessels of a special pattern hanging from it.
2. A woman's short cloak with a
hood.
Where's your cardinal! Make haste.
Lloyd.
3. Mulled red wine.
Hotten.
Cardinal bird, or Cardinal
grosbeak (Zoöl.), an American song bird
(Cardinalis cardinalis, or C. Virginianus), of the
family Fringillidæ, or finches having a bright red
plumage, and a high, pointed crest on its head. The males have
loud and musical notes resembling those of a fife. Other related
species are also called cardinal birds. --
Cardinal flower (Bot.), an
herbaceous plant (Lobelia cardinalis) bearing brilliant
red flowers of much beauty. -- Cardinal
red, a color like that of a cardinal's cassock,
hat, etc.; a bright red, darker than scarlet, and between scarlet
and crimson.
Car"di*nal*ate (?), n. [Cf. F.
cardinalat, LL. cardinalatus.] The office,
rank, or dignity of a cardinal.
Car"di*nal*ize (?), v. t. To
exalt to the office of a cardinal. Sheldon.
Car"di*nal*ship, n. The
condition, dignity, of office of a cardinal
Card"ing (?), a. 1.
The act or process of preparing staple for spinning, etc.,
by carding it. See the Note under Card, v.
t.
2. A roll of wool or other fiber as it
comes from the carding machine.
Carding engine, Carding
machine, a machine for carding cotton, wool, or
other fiber, by subjecting it to the action of cylinders, or drum
covered with wire-toothed cards, revoling nearly in contact with
each other, at different rates of speed, or in opposite
directions. The staple issues in soft sheets, or in slender rolls
called sivers.
Car"di*o*graph (?), n. [Gr.
kardi`a heart + -graph.] (Med.) An
instrument which, when placed in contact with the chest, will
register graphically the comparative duration and intensity of
the heart's movements.
Car`di*o*graph"ic (?), a.
(Physiol.) Of or pertaining to, or produced by, a
cardiograph.
Car"di*oid (?), n. [Gr.
kardio-eidh`s heart-shaped; kardi`a heart +
e'i^dos shape.] (Math.) An algebraic
curve, so called from its resemblance to a heart.
Car`di*o*in*hib"i*to*ry (?), a.
(Physiol.) Checking or arresting the heart's
action.
Car`di*ol"*gy (?), n. [Gr.
kardi`a heart + -ology.] The science which
treats of the heart and its functions.
Car`di*om"e*try (?), n. [Gr. &?;
heart + -metry.] (Med.) Measurement of the
heart, as by percussion or auscultation.
Car`di*o*sphyg"mo*graph (?), n.
A combination of cardiograph and sphygmograph.
||Car*di"tis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr.
kardi`a heart + -itis: cf. F. cardite.]
(Med) Inflammation of the fleshy or muscular
substance of the heart. See Endocarditis and
Pericarditis. Dunglison.
||Car"do (kär"d&osl;), n.;
pl. Cardines (#).) [L., a hinge.]
(Zoöl.) (a) The basal joint of
the maxilla in insects. (b) The hinge
of a bivalve shell.
Car"dol (kär"dōl), n.
[NL. Anacardium generic name of the cashew + L.
oleum oil.] (Chem.) A yellow oily liquid,
extracted from the shell of the cashew nut.
Car*doon" (kär*d&oomac;n"), n.
[F. cardon. The same word as F. cardon thistle, fr.
L. carduus, cardus, LL. cardo. See 3d
Card.] (Bot.) A large herbaceous plant
(Cynara Cardunculus) related to the artichoke; -- used in
cookery and as a salad.
Care (kâr), n. [AS.
caru, cearu; akin to OS. kara sorrow, Goth.
kara, OHG chara, lament, and perh. to Gr.
gh^rys voice. Not akin to cure. Cf.
Chary.] 1. A burdensome sense of
responsibility; trouble caused by onerous duties; anxiety;
concern; solicitude.
Care keeps his watch in every old man's
eye,
And where care lodges, sleep will never lie.
Shak.
2. Charge, oversight, or management,
implying responsibility for safety and prosperity.
The care of all the churches.
2 Cor. xi. 28.
Him thy care must be to find.
Milton.
Perplexed with a thousand cares.
Shak.
3. Attention or heed; caution; regard;
heedfulness; watchfulness; as, take care; have a
care.
I thank thee for thy care and honest
pains.
Shak.
4. The object of watchful attention or
anxiety.
Right sorrowfully mourning her bereaved
cares.
Spenser.
Syn. -- Anxiety; solicitude; concern; caution; regard;
management; direction; oversight. -- Care, Anxiety,
Solicitude, Concern. These words express mental
pain in different degress. Care belongs primarily to the
intellect, and becomes painful from overburdened thought.
Anxiety denotes a state of distressing uneasiness fron the
dread of evil. Solicitude expresses the same feeling in a
diminished degree. Concern is opposed to
indifference, and implies exercise of anxious thought more
or less intense. We are careful about the means,
solicitous and anxious about the end; we are
solicitous to obtain a good, anxious to avoid an
evil.
Care, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Cared (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Caring.] [AS. cearian. See Care,
n.] To be anxious or solicitous; to be
concerned; to have regard or interest; -- sometimes followed by
an objective of measure.
I would not care a pin, if the other three
were in.
Shak.
Master, carest thou not that we perish?
Mark. iv. 38.
To care for. (a) To have
under watchful attention; to take care of.
(b) To have regard or affection for; to like
or love.
He cared not for the affection of the
house.
Tennyson.
Ca*reen" (?), v. t. [imp. &
p. p. Careened (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Careening.] [OF. cariner, F.
caréner, fr. OF. carène, the bottom
of a ship, keel, fr. L. carina.] (Naut.) To
cause (a vessel) to lean over so that she floats on one side,
leaving the other side out of water and accessible for repairs
below the water line; to case to be off the keel.
Ca*reen" (&?;), v. i. To
incline to one side, or lie over, as a ship when sailing on a
wind; to be off the keel.
Ca*reen"age (?), n. [Cf. F.
carénage.] (Naut.) (a)
Expense of careening ships. (b) A
place for careening.
Ca*reer" (?), n. [F.
carrière race course, high road, street, fr. L.
carrus wagon. See Car.] 1. A
race course: the ground run over.
To go back again the same career.
Sir P. Sidney.
2. A running; full speed; a rapid
course.
When a horse is running in his full
career.
Wilkins.
3. General course of action or conduct in
life, or in a particular part or calling in life, or in some
special undertaking; usually applied to course or conduct which
is of a public character; as, Washington's career as a
soldier.
An impartial view of his whole career.
Macaulay.
4. (Falconry) The flight of a
hawk.
Ca*reer", v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Careered 3; p. pr. & vb. n.
Careering] To move or run rapidly.
Careering gayly over the curling waves.
W. Irving.
Care"ful (kâr"f&usdot;l), a.
[AS. cearful.] 1. Full of care;
anxious; solicitous. [Archaic]
Be careful [Rev. Ver. "anxious"] for
nothing.
Phil. iv. 6.
The careful plowman doubting stands.
Milton.
2. Filling with care or solicitude;
exposing to concern, anxiety, or trouble; painful.
The careful cold beginneth for to
creep.
Spenser.
By Him that raised me to this careful
height.
Shak.
3. Taking care; giving good heed;
watchful; cautious; provident; not indifferent, heedless, or
reckless; -- often followed by of, for, or the
infinitive; as, careful of money; careful to do
right.
Thou hast been careful for us with all this
care.
2. Kings iv, 13.
What could a careful father more have
done?
Dryden.
Syn. -- Anxious; solicitous; provident; thoughtful;
cautious; circumspect; heedful; watchful; vigilant.
Care"ful*ly, adv. In a careful
manner.
Care"ful*ness, n. Quality or
state of being careful.
Care"less (?), a. [AS.
cearleás.] 1. Free from care
or anxiety. hence, cheerful; light-hearted.
Spenser.
Sleep she as sound as careless infancy.
Shak.
2. Having no care; not taking ordinary or
proper care; negligent; unconcerned; heedless; inattentive;
unmindful; regardless.
My brother was too careless of his
charge.
Shak.
He grew careless of himself.
Steele.
3. Without thought or purpose; without
due care; without attention to rule or system; unstudied;
inconsiderate; spontaneous; rash; as, a careless throw; a
careless expression.
He framed the careless rhyme.
Beattie.
4. Not receiving care; uncared for.
[R.]
Their many wounds and careless harms.
Spenser.
Syn. -- Negligent; heedless; thoughtless; unthinking;
inattentive; incautious; remiss; supine; forgetful; regardless;
inconsiderate; listless.
Care"less*ly, adv. In a
careless manner.
Care"less*ness, n. The quality
or state of being careless; heedlessness; negligence;
inattention.
Ca*rene" (?), n. [LL.
carena, corrupted fr. quarentena. See
Quarantine.] (Ecol.) A fast of forty days on
bread and water. [Obs.]
Ca*ress" (k&adot;*r&ebreve;s"), n.
[F. caresse, It. carezza, LL. caritia
dearness, fr. L. carus dear. See Charity.] An
act of endearment; any act or expression of affection; an
embracing, or touching, with tenderness.
Wooed her with his soft caresses.
Langfellow.
He exerted himself to win by indulgence and
caresses the hearts of all who were under his command.
Macaulay.
Ca*ress", v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Caressed (-r&ebreve;st"); p. pr. &
vb. n. Caressing.] [F. caresser, fr. It.
carezzare, fr. carezza caress. See Caress.,
n.] To treat with tokens of fondness,
affection, or kindness; to touch or speak to in a loving or
endearing manner; to fondle.
The lady caresses the rough bloodhound.
Sir W. Scott.
Syn. -- To fondle; embrace; pet; coddle; court;
flatter. -- Caress, Fondle. "We caress by
words or actions; we fondle by actions only."
Crabb.
Ca*ress"ing*ly, adv. In
caressing manner.
Ca"ret (kā"r&ebreve;t or
kăr"&ebreve;t), n. [L. caret
there is wanting, fr. carere to want.] A mark [^]
used by writers and proof readers to indicate that something is
interlined above, or inserted in the margin, which belongs in the
place marked by the caret.
||Ca`ret" (?), n. [F., a species of
tortoise.] (Zoöl.) The hawkbill turtle. See
Hawkbill.
Care"-tuned (?), a. Weary;
mournful. Shak.
Care"worn` (?), a. Worn or
burdened with care; as, careworn look or face.
||Ca"rex (?), n. [L., sedge.]
(Bot.) A numerous and widely distributed genus of
perennial herbaceous plants of the order Cypreaceæ;
the sedges.
Carf (kärf), pret. of
Carve. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Car"ga*son (?), n. [F.
cargaison, Sp. cargazon, LL. cargare to
load. See rgo.] A cargo. [Obs.]
Car"go (?), n.; pl.
Cargoes (#). [Sp. cargo, carga,
burden, load, from cargar to load, from cargar to
load, charge, See Charge.] The lading or freight of a
ship or other vessel; the goods, merchandise, or whatever is
conveyed in a vessel or boat; load; freight.
Cargoes of food or clothing.
E. Everett.
&fist; The term cargo, in law, is usually applied to
goods only, and not to live animals or persons.
Burill.
Car"goose` (?), n. [Perh. fr. Gael.
& Ir. cir, cior (pronounced kir, kior), crest, comb
+ E. goose. Cf. Crebe.] (Zoöl.) A
species of grebe (Podiceps crisratus); the crested
grebe.
||Ça`ri*a"ma (sä`r&esl;*&adot;"m&adot;),
n. [Native name.] (Zoöl.) A
large, long-legged South American bird (Dicholophus
cristatus) which preys upon snakes, etc. See
Seriema.
Car"ib (?), n.; pl.
Caries. [See Cannibal.] (Ethol.)
A native of the Caribbee islands or the coasts of the
Caribbean sea; esp., one of a tribe of Indians inhabiting a
region of South America, north of the Amazon, and formerly most
of the West India islands.
{ Car`ib*be"an (?), Car`ib*bee (?), }
a. Of or pertaining to the Caribs, to
their islands (the eastern and southern West Indies), or to the
sea (called the Caribbean sea) lying between those islands and
Central America.
Car"ib*bee, n. A
Carib.
||Ca*ri"be (?), n. [Sp. a
cannibal.] (Zoöl). A south American fresh water
fish of the genus Serrasalmo of many species, remarkable
for its voracity. When numerous they attack man or beast, often
with fatal results.
Car"i*bou (kăr"&ibreve;*b&oomac;),
n. [Canadian French.] (Zoöl.)
The American reindeer, especially the common or woodland
species (Rangifer Caribou).
Barren Ground caribou. See under
Barren. -- Woodland caribou,
the common reindeer (Rangifer Caribou) of the northern
forests of America.
Car"i*ca*ture (?), n. [It.
caricatura, fr. caricare to charge, overload,
exaggerate. See Charge, v. t.]
1. An exaggeration, or distortion by
exaggeration, of parts or characteristics, as in a
picture.
2. A picture or other figure or
description in which the peculiarities of a person or thing are
so exaggerated as to appear ridiculous; a burlesque; a
parody. [Formerly written caricatura.]
The truest likeness of the prince of French
literature will be the one that has most of the look of a
caricature.
I. Taylor.
A grotesque caricature of virtue.
Macaulay.
Car"i*ca*ture, v. t. [imp.
& p. p. Caricatured (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Caricaturing.] To make or draw a
caricature of; to represent with ridiculous exaggeration; to
burlesque.
He could draw an ill face, or caricature a
good one, with a masterly hand.
Lord Lyttelton.
Car"i*ca*tu`rist (?), n. One
who caricatures.
Car"i*cous (?), a. [L.
carica a kind of dry fig.] Of the shape of a fig; as,
a caricous tumor. Graig.
||Ca"ri*es (?), n.[L., decay.]
(Med.) Ulceration of bone; a process in which bone
disintegrates and is carried away piecemeal, as distinguished
from necrosis, in which it dies in masses.
Car"il*lon (?), n. [F.
carillon a chime of bells, originally consisting of four
bells, as if fr.. (assumed) L. quadrilio, fr.
quatuer four.]
1. (Mus.) A chime of bells
diatonically tuned, played by clockwork or by finger
keys.
2. A tune adapted to be played by musical
bells.
||Ca*ri"na (?), n. [L., keel.]
1. (Bot.) A keel.
(a) That part of a papilionaceous flower,
consisting of two petals, commonly united, which incloses the
organs of fructification. (b) A
longitudinal ridge or projection like the keel of a
boat.
2. (Zoöl.) The keel of the
breastbone of birds.
Car`i*na"ri*a (?), n. [NL., fr. L.
carina keel.] (Zoöl.) A genus of oceanic
heteropod Mollusca, having a thin, glassy, bonnet-shaped shell,
which covers only the nucleus and gills.
||Car`i*na"tæ (?), n. pl.
[NL., Fem. pl. fr. L. carinatus. See Carinate.]
A grand division of birds, including all existing flying
birds; -- So called from the carina or keel on the
breastbone.
{ Car"i*nate (?), Car"i*na`ted (?) }
a. [L. carinatus, fr. carina
keel.] Shaped like the keel or prow of a ship; having a
carina or keel; as, a carinate calyx or leaf; a
carinate sternum (of a bird).
Car"i*ole (?), n. [F.
carriole, dim. fr. L. carrus. See Car, and
Carryall.] (a) A small, light, open
one-horse carriage. (b) A covered
cart. (c) A kind of calash. See
Carryall.
Car`i*op"sis (?), n. See
Caryopsis.
Ca`ri*os"i*ty (?), n. (Med.)
Caries.
Ca"ri*ous (?), a. [L.
cariosus, fr. caries dacay.] Affected with
caries; decaying; as, a carious tooth.
Cark (kärk), n. [OE.
cark, fr. a dialectic form of F. charge; cf. W.
carc anxiety, care, Arm karg charge, burden. See
Charge, and cf. Cargo.] A noxious or corroding
care; solicitude; worry. [Archaic.]
His heavy head, devoid of careful cark.
Spenser.
Fling cark and care aside.
Motherwell.
Freedom from the cares of money and the
cark of fashion.
R. D. Blackmore.
Cark (kärk), v. i. To be
careful, anxious, solicitous, or troubled in mind; to worry or
grieve. [R.] Beau. & Fl.
Cark, v. t. To vex; to worry;
to make by anxious care or worry. [R.]
Nor can a man, independently . . . of God's
blessing, care and cark himself one penny richer.
South.
Car"ka*net (?), n. A
carcanet. Southey.
Cark"ing (?), a. Distressing;
worrying; perplexing; corroding; as, carking
cares.
Carl (?), n. [Icel, karl a
male, a man; akin to AS. ceorl, OHG. charal, G.
kerl fellow. See Churl.] [Written also
carle.] 1. A rude, rustic man; a
churl.
The miller was a stout carl.
Chaucer.
2. Large stalks of hemp which bear the
seed; -- called also carl hemp.
3. pl. A kind of food. See
citation, below.
Caring or carl are gray steeped in water
and fried the next day in butter or fat. They are eaten on the
second Sunday before Easter, formerly called Carl
Sunday.
Robinson's Whitby Glossary (1875).
Car"lin (?), n. [Dim., fr.
carl male.] An old woman. [Scot. & Prov.
Eng.]
{ Car"line (?), Car"o*line (?) },
n. [F. carin; cf. It. carlino; --
so called from Carlo (Charles) VI. of Naples.] A
silver coin once current in some parts of Italy, worth about
seven cents. Simmonds.
{ Car"line (?), Car"ling (?) }
n. [Cf. F. carlingur, Sp. Pg., & It.
carlinga.] (Naut.) A short timber running
lengthwise of a ship, from one transverse desk beam to another;
also, one of the cross timbers that strengthen a hath; -- usually
in pl.
Car"line this`tle (?). [F. carline, It., Sp.,
& Pg., carlina. Said to be so called from the Emperor
Charlemagne, whose army is reputed to have used it as a remedy
for pestilence.] (Bot.) A prickly plant of the genus
Carlina (C. vulgaris), found in Europe and
Asia.
Car"lings (?), n. pl. Same as
Carl, 3.
Carling Sunday, a Sunday in Lent when
carls are eaten. In some parts of England, Passion Sunday. See
Carl, 4.
Car"list (kär"l&ibreve;st), n.
A partisan of Charles X. of France, or of Don
Carlos of Spain.
Car"lock (?), n. [F.
carlock, fr. Russ. Karlúk'.] A sort of
Russian isinglass, made from the air bladder of the sturgeon, and
used in clarifying wine.
Car"lot (?), n. [From Carl.]
A churl; a boor; a peasant or countryman. [Obs.]
Shak.
Car`lo*vin"gi*an (?), a. [F.
Carlovingen.] Pertaining to, founded by, of descended
from, Charlemagne; as, the Carlovingian race of
kings.
||Car`ma`gnole" (?), n. [F.]
1. A popular or Red Rebublican song and
dance, of the time of the first French Revolution.
They danced and yelled the carmagnole.
Compton Reade.
2. A bombastic report from the French
armies.
Car"man (?), n.; pl.
Carmen (&?;) A man whose employment is to drive, or
to convey goods in, a car or car.
{ Car"mel*ite (?), Car"mel*in }
a. Of or pertaining to the order of
Carmelites.
Car"mel*ite (?), n.
1. (Eccl. Hist.) A friar of a
mendicant order (the Order of Our Lady of Mount Carmel)
established on Mount Carmel, in Syria, in the twelfth century; a
White Friar.
2. A nun of the Order of Our lady of
Mount Carmel.
Car"mi*na`ted (?), a. Of,
relating to, or mixed with, carmine; as, carminated
lake. Tomlinson.
Car*min"ative (?), a. [NL.
carminativus (1622), fr. carminare to card, hence
to cleanse, fr. carmen a card for freeing wool or flax
from the coarser parts, and from extraneous matter: cf. F.
carminatif.] Expelling wind from the body; warming;
antispasmodic. "Carminative hot seeds."
Dunglison.
Car*min"a*tive, n. A
substance, esp. an aromatic, which tends to expel wind from the
alimentary canal, or to relieve colic, griping, or
flatulence.
Car"mine (?), n. [F. carmin
(cf. Sp. carmin, It. carminio), contr. from LL.
carmesinus purple color. See Crimson.]
1. A rich red or crimson color with a shade
of purple.
2. A beautiful pigment, or a lake, of
this color, prepared from cochineal, and used in miniature
painting.
3. (Chem.) The essential coloring
principle of cochineal, extracted as a purple-red amorphous mass.
It is a glucoside and possesses acid properties; -- hence called
also carminic acid.
Carmine red (Chem.), a coloring
matter obtained from carmine as a purple-red substance, and
probably allied to the phthaleïns.
Car*min"ic (?), a. Of or
pertaining to, or derived from, carmine.
Carminic acid. Same as Carmine,
3.
Car"mot (?), n. (Alchemy)
The matter of which the philosopher's stone was believed to
be composed.
Car"nage (?), n. [F.
carnage, LL. carnaticum tribute of animals, flesh
of animals, fr. L. caro, carnis, flesh. See
Carnal.] 1. Flesh of slain animals or
men.
A miltitude of dogs came to feast on the
carnage.
Macaulay.
2. Great destruction of life, as in
battle; bloodshed; slaughter; massacre; murder; havoc.
The more fearful carnage of the Bloody
Circuit.
Macaulay.
Car"nal (?), a. [L.
carnalis, fr. caro, carnis, flesh; akin to
Gr. &?;, Skr. kravya; cf. F. charnel, Of. also
carnel. Cf. Charnel.] 1. Of or
pertaining to the body or its appetites; animal; fleshly;
sensual; given to sensual indulgence; lustful; human or worldly
as opposed to spiritual.
For ye are yet carnal.
1 Cor. iii. 3.
Not sunk in carnal pleasure.
Milton
Carnal desires after miracles.
Trench.
2. Flesh-devouring; cruel; ravenous;
bloody. [Obs.]
This carnal cur
Preys on the issue of his mother's body.
Shak.
Carnal knowledge, sexual intercourse; --
used especially of an unlawful act on the part of the
man.
Car"nal*ism (?), n. The state
of being carnal; carnality; sensualism. [R.]
Car"nal*ist (?), n. A
sensualist. Burton.
Car*nal"i*ty (?), n. [L.
carnalitas.] The state of being carnal; fleshly lust,
or the indulgence of lust; grossness of mind.
Because of the carnality of their
hearts.
Tillotson.
Car"nal*ize (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Carnalized (?); p.
pr. & vb. n. Carnalizing.] To make carnal;
to debase to carnality.
A sensual and carnalized spirit.
John Scott.
Car"nal*lite (?), n. [G.
carnallit, fr. Von Carnall, a Prussian.]
(Min.) A hydrous chloride of potassium and magnesium,
sometimes found associated with deposits of rock salt.
Car"nal*ly (?), adv. According
to the flesh, to the world, or to human nature; in a manner to
gratify animal appetites and lusts; sensually.
For to be carnally minded is death; but to
be spiritually minded is life and peace.
Rom. viii. 6.
Car"nal-mind`ed (?), a.
Worldly-minded.
Car"nal-mind"ed*ness, n.
Grossness of mind.
Car"na*ry (?), n. [L.
carnarium, fr. caro, carnis, flesh.] A
vault or crypt in connection with a church, used as a repository
for human bones disintered from their original burial places; a
charnel house.
Car*nas"si*al (?), a. [Cf. F.
carnassier carnivorous, and L. caro, carnis,
flesh.] (Anat.) Adapted to eating flesh. --
n. A carnassial tooth; especially, the
last premolar in many carnivores.
Car"nate (?), a. [L.
carnatus fleshy.] Invested with, or embodied in,
flesh.
Car*na"tion (?), n. [F.
carnation the flesh tints in a painting, It
carnagione, fr. L. carnatio fleshiness, fr.
caro, carnis, flesh. See Carnal.]
1. The natural color of flesh; rosy
pink.
Her complexion of the delicate
carnation.
Ld. Lytton.
2. pl. (Paint.) Those parts
of a picture in which the human body or any part of it is
represented in full color; the flesh tints.
The flesh tints in painting are termed
carnations.
Fairholt.
3. (Bot.) A species of
Dianthus (D. Caryophyllus) or pink, having very
beautiful flowers of various colors, esp. white and usually a
rich, spicy scent.
Car*na"tioned (?), a. Having a
flesh color.
||Car*nau"ba (?), n. (Bot.)
The Brazilian wax palm. See Wax palm.
Car*nel"ian (?), n. [For
carnelian; influenced by L. carneus fleshy, of
flesh, because of its flesh red color. See Cornellan.]
(Min.) A variety of chalcedony, of a clear, deep red,
flesh red, or reddish white color. It is moderately hard, capable
of a good polish, and often used for seals.
Car"ne*ous (?), a. [L.
carneus, from caro, carnis, flesh.]
Consisting of, or like, flesh; carnous; fleshy.
"Carneous fibers." Ray.
Car"ney (?), n. [Cf. L.
carneus flesh.] (Far.) A disease of horses, in
which the mouth is so furred that the afflicted animal can not
eat.
||Car"ni*fex (?), n. [L., fr.
caro, carnis, flesh + facere to make.]
(Antiq.) The public executioner at Rome, who executed
persons of the lowest rank; hence, an executioner or
hangman.
Car`ni*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [Cf. F.
carnification.] The act or process of turning to
flesh, or to a substance resembling flesh.
Car"ni*fy (?), v. i. [LL.
carnificare, fr. L. caro, carnis, flesh +
facere to make: cf. F. carnifier.] To form
flesh; to become like flesh. Sir M. Hale.
Car"nin (?), n. [L. caro,
canis , flesh.] (Chem.) A white crystalline
nitrogenous substance, found in extract of meat, and related to
xanthin.
Car"ni*val (?), n. [It.
carnevale, prob. for older carnelevale, prop., the
putting away of meat; fr. L. caro, carnis, flesh +
levare to take away, lift up, fr. levis light.]
1. A festival celebrated with merriment and
revelry in Roman Gatholic countries during the week before Lent,
esp. at Rome and Naples, during a few days (three to ten) before
Lent, ending with Shrove Tuesday.
The carnival at Venice is everywhere talked
of.
Addison.
2. Any merrymaking, feasting, or
masquerading, especially when overstepping the bounds of decorum;
a time of riotous excess. Tennyson.
He saw the lean dogs beneath the wall
Hold o'er the dead their carnival
Byron.
||Car*niv"o*ra (?), n. pl. [NL.,
neut. pl. from L. carnivorus. See Carnivorous.]
(Zoöl.) An order of Mammallia including the
lion, tiger, wolf bear, seal, etc. They are adapted by their
structure to feed upon flesh, though some of them, as the bears,
also eat vegetable food. The teeth are large and sharp, suitable
for cutting flesh, and the jaws powerful.
Car*niv`o*rac"i*ty (?), n.
Greediness of appetite for flesh. [Sportive.]
Pope.
Car`ni*vore (?), n. [Cf. F.
carnivore.] (Zoöl.) One of the
Carnivora.
Car*niv"o*rous (?), a. [L.
carnivorus; caro, carnis, flesh +
varare to devour.] Eating or feeding on flesh. The
term is applied: (a) to animals which naturally
seek flesh for food, as the tiger, dog, etc.; (b)
to plants which are supposed to absorb animal food;
(c) to substances which destroy animal tissue, as
caustics.
{ Car*nose (?), Car"*nous } (?),
a. [L. carnosus, fr. caro,
carnis, flesh: cf. OF. carneux, F.
charneux.] 1. Of or pertaining to
flesh; fleshy.
A distinct carnose muscle.
Ray.
2. (Bot.) Of a fleshy consistence;
-- applied to succulent leaves, stems, etc.
Car*nos"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F.
carnosité.]
1. (Med.) A fleshy excrescence;
esp. a small excrescence or fungous growth.
Wiseman.
2. Fleshy substance or quality; fleshy
covering.
[Consciences] overgrown with so hard a
carnosity.
Spelman.
The olives, indeed be very small there, and bigger
than capers; yet commended they are for their
carnosity.
Holland.
Car"ob (?), n. [Cf. F.
caroube fruit of the carob tree, Sp. garrobo,
al-garrobo, carob tree, fr. Ar. kharrūb, Per.
Kharnūb. Cf. Clgaroba.] 1.
(Bot.) An evergreen leguminous tree (Ceratania
Siliqua) found in the countries bordering the Mediterranean;
the St. John's bread; -- called also carob tree.
2. One of the long, sweet, succulent,
pods of the carob tree, which are used as food for animals and
sometimes eaten by man; -- called also St. John's bread,
carob bean, and algaroba bean.
Ca*roche" (?), n. [OF.
carrache, F. carrose from It. carrocio,
carrozza, fr. carro, L. carus. See
Car.] A kind of pleasure carriage; a coach.
[Obs.]
To mount two-wheeled caroches.
Butler.
Ca*roched" (?), a. Placed in a
caroche. [Obs.]
Beggary rides caroched.
Massenger.
Car"oigne (?), n. [See
Carrion.] Dead body; carrion. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Car"ol (?), n. [OF. carole a
kind of dance wherein many dance together, fr. caroler to
dance; perh. from Celtic; cf. Armor. koroll, n.,
korolla, korolli, v., Ir. car music, turn,
circular motion, also L. choraula a flute player,
charus a dance, chorus, choir.] 1. A
round dance. [Obs.] Chaucer.
2. A song of joy, exultation, or mirth; a
lay.
The costly feast, the carol, and the
dance.
Dryden
It was the carol of a bird.
Byron.
3. A song of praise of devotion; as, a
Christmas or Easter carol.
Heard a carol, mournful, holy.
Tennyson.
In the darkness sing your carol of high
praise.
Keble.
4. Joyful music, as of a song.
I heard the bells on Christmans Day
Their old, familiar carol play.
Longfellow.
Car"ol (?), v. t. [imp. &
p. p. Caroled (?), or Carolled;
p. pr. & vb. n. Caroling, or
Carolling.]
1. To praise or celebrate in
song.
The Shepherds at their festivals
Carol her goodness.
Milton.
2. To sing, especially with joyful
notes.
Hovering swans . . . carol sounds
harmonious.
Prior.
Car"ol, v. i. To sing; esp. to
sing joyfully; to warble.
And carol of love's high praise.
Spenser.
The gray linnets carol from the hill.
Beattie.
{ Car"ol, Car"rol }, n.
[OF. carole a sort of circular space, or carol.]
(Arch.) A small closet or inclosure built against a
window on the inner side, to sit in for study. The word was used
as late as the 16th century.
A bay window may thus be called a
carol.
Parker.
Car"o*lin (?), n. [L.
Carolus Charles.] A former gold coin of Germany worth
nearly five dollars; also, a gold coin of Sweden worth nearly
five dollars.
Car`o*li"na pink` (?). (Bot.) See
Pinkboot.
Car"o*line (?), n. A coin. See
Carline.
Car"ol*ing (?), n. A song of
joy or devotion; a singing, as of carols.
Coleridge.
Such heavenly notes and carolings.
Spenser.
Car`o*lin"i*an (?), n. A
native or inhabitant of north or South Carolina.
Car`o*lit"ic (?), a. (Arch.)
Adorned with sculptured leaves and branches.
Car"o*lus (?), n.; pl. E.
Caroluses (#), L. Caroli (#).
[L., Charles.] An English gold coin of the value of twenty
or twenty-three shillings. It was first struck in the reign of
Charles I.
Told down the crowns and Caroluses.
Macawlay.
Car"om (?), n. [Prob. corrupted fr.
F. carumboler to carom, carambolage a carom,
carambole the red ball in billiards.] (Billiards)
A shot in which the ball struck with the cue comes in
contact with two or more balls on the table; a hitting of two or
more balls with the player's ball. In England it is called
cannon.
Car"om, v. i. (Billiards)
To make a carom.
Car"o*mel (?), n. See
Caramel.
Car`o*teel" (?), n. (Com.)
A tierce or cask for dried fruits, etc., usually about 700
lbs. Simmonds.
Ca*rot"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?;
stupefying. See Carotid.] 1. Of or
pertaining to stupor; as, a carotic state.
2. (Anat.) Carotid; as, the
carotic arteries.
Ca*rot"id (?), n. [Gr. &?;, pl.,
from &?; heavy sleep: cf. F. carotide. The early Greeks
believed that these arteries in some way caused drowsiness.]
(Anat.) One of the two main arteries of the neck, by
which blood is conveyed from the aorta to the head. [See
Illust. of Aorta.]
{ Ca*rot"id (?), Ca*rot"id*al (?), }
a. (Anat.) Pertaining to, or near,
the carotids or one of them; as, the carotid
gland.
Ca*ro"tin (?), n. (Chem.)
A red crystallizable tasteless substance, extracted from the
carrot.
Ca*rous"al (?), n. [See
Carouse, but also cf. F. carrousel tilt.] A
jovial feast or festival; a drunken revel; a carouse.
The swains were preparing for a
carousal.
Sterne.
Syn. -- Banquet; revel; orgie; carouse. See
Feast.
Ca*rouse" (k&adot;*rouz"), n. [F.
carrousse, earlier carous, fr. G. garaus
finishing stroke, the entire emptying of the cup in drinking a
health; gar entirely + aus out. See Yare,
and Out.] 1. A large draught of
liquor. [Obs.] "A full carouse of sack." Sir J.
Davies.
Drink carouses to the next day's fate.
Shak.
2. A drinking match; a
carousal.
The early feast and late carouse.
Pope.
Ca*rouse" (?), v. i. [imp.
& p. p. Caroused (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Carousing.] To drink deeply or freely in
compliment; to take part in a carousal; to engage in drunken
revels.
He had been aboard, carousing to his
mates.
Shak.
Ca*rouse" v. t. To drink up;
to drain; to drink freely or jovially. [Archaic]
Guests carouse the sparkling tears of the
rich grape.
Denham.
Egypt's wanton queen,
Carousing gems, herself dissolved in love.
Young.
Ca*rous"er (?), n. One who
carouses; a reveler.
Ca*rous"ing, a. That carouses;
relating to a carouse.
Ca*rous"ing*ly, adv. In the
manner of a carouser.
Carp (kärp), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Carped (kärpt);
p. pr. & vb. n. Carping.] [OE.
carpen to say, speak; from Scand. (cf. Icel. karpa
to boast), but influenced later by L. carpere to pluck,
calumniate.] 1. To talk; to speak; to
prattle. [Obs.] Chaucer.
2. To find fault; to cavil; to censure
words or actions without reason or ill-naturedly; -- usually
followed by at.
Carping and caviling at faults of
manner.
Blackw. Mag.
And at my actions carp or catch.
Herbert.
Carp, v. t. 1.
To say; to tell. [Obs.]
2. To find fault with; to censure.
[Obs.] Dryden.
Carp, n.; pl.
Carp, formerly Carps. [Cf.
Icel. karfi, Dan. karpe, Sw. karp, OHG.
charpho, G. karpfen, F. carpe, LL.
carpa.] (Zoöl.) A fresh-water herbivorous
fish (Cyprinus carpio.). Several other species of
Cyprinus, Catla, and Carassius are called
carp. See Cruclan carp.
&fist; The carp was originally from Asia, whence it was
early introduced into Europe, where it is extensively reared in
artificial ponds. Within a few years it has been introduced into
America, and widely distributed by the government. Domestication
has produced several varieties, as the leather carp, which
is nearly or quite destitute of scales, and the mirror
carp, which has only a few large scales. Intermediate
varieties occur.
Carp louse (Zoöl.), a small
crustacean, of the genus Argulus, parasitic on carp and
allied fishes. See Branchiura. -- Carp
mullet (Zoöl.), a fish (Moxostoma
carpio) of the Ohio River and Great Lakes, allied to the
suckers. -- Carp sucker
(Zoöl.), a name given to several species of
fresh-water fishes of the genus Carpiodes in the United States; -
- called also quillback.
Car"pal (?), a. [From
Carpus.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the
carpus, or wrist. -- n. One of the
bones or cartilages of the carpus; a carpale.
Carpal angle (Zoöl.), the
angle at the last joint of the folded wing of a bird.
||Car*pa"le (?), n.; pl.
Carpalia (#). [NL., fr. E. carpus.]
(Anat.) One of the bones or cartilages of the carpus;
esp. one of the series articulating with the
metacarpals.
Car*pa"thi*an (?), a. Of or
pertaining to a range of mountains in Austro-Hungary, called the
Carpathians, which partially inclose Hungary on the north, east,
and south.
{ Car"pel (kär"p&ebreve;l),
||Car*pel"lum (-p&ebreve;l"lŭm), }
n. [NL. carpellum, fr. Gr.
karpo`s fruit.] (Bot.) A simple pistil or
single-celled ovary or seed vessel, or one of the parts of a
compound pistil, ovary, or seed vessel. See Illust of
Carpaphore.
Car"pel*la*ry (?), a. (Bot.)
Belonging to, forming, or containing carpels.
Car"pen*ter (?), n. [OF.
carpentier, F. charpentier, LL.
carpentarius, fr. L. carpentum wagon, carriage.]
An artificer who works in timber; a framer and builder of
houses, ships, etc.
Syn. -- Carpenter, Joiner. The
carpenter frames and puts together roofs, partitions,
floors, and other structural parts of a building. The
joiner supplies stairs, doors shutters, mantelpieces,
cupboards, and other parts necessary to finishing the building.
In America the two trades are commonly united.
Carpenter ant (Zoöl.), any
species of ant which gnaws galleries in the wood of trees and
constructs its nests therein. They usually select dead or
somewhat decayed wood. The common large American species is
Formica Pennsylvanica. -- Carpenter
bee (Zoöl.), a large hymenopterous
insect of the genus Xylocopa; -- so called because it
constructs its nest by gnawing long galleries in sound timber.
The common American species is Xylocopa
Virginica.
Car"pen*ter*ing, n. The
occupation or work of a carpenter; the act of working in timber;
carpentry.
Car"pen*try (?), n. [F.
charpenterie, OF. also carpenterie. See
Carpenter.]
1. The art of cutting, framing, and
joining timber, as in the construction of buildings.
2. An assemblage of pieces of timber
connected by being framed together, as the pieces of a roof,
floor, etc.; work done by a carpenter.
Carp"er (?), n. One who carps;
a caviler. Shak.
Car"pet (kär"p&ebreve;t), n.
[OF. carpite rug, soft of cloth, F. carpette coarse
packing cloth, rug (cf. It. carpita rug, blanket), LL.
carpeta, carpita, woolly cloths, fr. L.
carpere to pluck, to card (wool); cf. Gr.
karpo`s fruit, E. Harvest.] 1.
A heavy woven or felted fabric, usually of wool, but also of
cotton, hemp, straw, etc.; esp. a floor covering made in breadths
to be sewed together and nailed to the floor, as distinguished
from a rug or mat; originally, also, a wrought cover for
tables.
Tables and beds covered with copes instead of
carpets and coverlets.
T. Fuller.
2. A smooth soft covering resembling or
suggesting a carpet. "The grassy carpet of this
plain." Shak.
Carpet beetle or Carpet
bug (Zoöl.), a small beetle
(Anthrenus scrophulariæ), which, in the larval
state, does great damage to carpets and other woolen goods; --
also called buffalo bug. -- Carpet
knight. (a) A knight who enjoys
ease and security, or luxury, and has not known the hardships of
the field; a hero of the drawing room; an effeminate person.
Shak. (b) One made a knight, for some
other than military distinction or service. --
Carpet moth (Zoöl.), the larva
of an insect which feeds on carpets and other woolen goods. There
are several kinds. Some are the larvæ of species of
Tinea (as T. tapetzella); others of beetles, esp.
Anthrenus. -- Carpet snake
(Zoöl.), an Australian snake. See Diamond
snake, under Diamond. -- Carpet
sweeper, an apparatus or device for sweeping
carpets. -- To be on the carpet, to be
under consideration; to be the subject of deliberation; to be in
sight; -- an expression derived from the use of carpets as table
cover. -- Brussels carpet. See under
Brussels.
Car"pet, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Carpeted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Carpeting.] To cover with, or as with, a carpet; to
spread with carpets; to furnish with a carpet or
carpets.
Carpeted temples in fashionable
squares.
E. Everett.
Car"pet*bag` (?), n. A
portable bag for travelers; -- so called because originally made
of carpet.
Car"pet*bag`ger (?), n. An
adventurer; -- a term of contempt for a Northern man seeking
private gain or political advancement in the southern part of the
United States after the Civil War (1865). [U. S.]
Car"pet*ing, n. 1.
The act of covering with carpets.
2. Cloth or materials for carpets;
carpets, in general.
The floor was covered with rich
carpeting.
Prescott.
Car"pet*less, a. Without a
carpet.
Car"pet*mon`ger (?), n.
1. One who deals in carpets; a buyer and
seller of carpets.
2. One fond of pleasure; a gallant.
Shak.
Car"pet*way` (?), n.
(Agric.) A border of greensward left round the margin
of a plowed field. Ray.
Car*phol"o*gy (kär*f&obreve;l"&osl;*j&ybreve;),
n. [Gr. ka`rfos any small dry body +
-logy: cf. F. carphologie.] (Med.) See
Floccillation.
Carp"ing (kärp"&ibreve;ng), a.
Fault-finding; censorious caviling. See
Captious.
-- Carp"ing*ly, adv.
||Car`pin*te"ro (kär`p&esl;n*t&asl;"r&osl;),
n. [Sp., a carpenter, a woodpecker.] A
california woodpecker (Melanerpes formicivorus), noted for
its habit of inserting acorns in holes which it drills in trees.
The acorns become infested by insect larvæ, which, when
grown, are extracted for food by the bird.
Car`po*gen"ic (kär`p&osl;*j&ebreve;n"&ibreve;k),
a. [Gr. karpo`s fruit + -
gen.] (Bot.) Productive of fruit, or causing
fruit to be developed.
Car"po*lite (kär"p&osl;*līt),
n. [Gr. karpo`s fruit + -
lite, cf. F. carpolithe.] A general term for a
fossil fruit, nut, or seed.
Car`po*log"i*cal (?), a. Of or
pertaining to carpology.
Car*pol"o*gist (?), n. One who
describes fruits; one versed in carpology.
Car*pol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr.
karpo`s fruit + -logy.] That branch of
botany which relates to the structure of seeds and
fruit.
Car*poph"a*gous (?), a. [Gr.
karpo`s fruit + &?; to eat.] Living on fruits;
fruit-consuming.
Car"po*phore (?), n. [Gr.
karpo`s fruit + &?; to bear.] (Bot.) A
slender prolongation of the receptacle as an axis between the
carpels, as in Geranium and many umbelliferous plants.
Car"po*phyll (?), n. [Gr.
karpo`s fruit + &?; leaf.] (Bot.) A leaf
converted into a fruit or a constituent portion of a fruit; a
carpel. [See Illust. of Gymnospermous.]
Car"po*phyte (kär"p&osl;*līt),
n. [Gr. karpo`s fruit +
fyto`n plant.] (Bot.) A flowerless plant
which forms a true fruit as the result of fertilization, as the
red seaweeds, the Ascomycetes, etc.
&fist; The division of algæ and fungi into four classes
called Carpophytes, Oöphytes, Protophytes, and Zygophytes
(or Carposporeæ, Oösporeæ,
Protophyta, and Zygosporeæ) was proposed by
Sachs about 1875.
Car"po*spore (?), n. [Gr.
karpo`s + -spore.] (Bot.) A kind of
spore formed in the conceptacles of red algæ. --
Car`po*spor"ic (&?;), a.
||Car"pus (kär"pŭs),
n.; pl. Carpi (-
pī). [NL., fr. Gr. karpo`s wrist.]
(Anat.) The wrist; the bones or cartilages between
the forearm, or antibrachium, and the hand or forefoot; in man,
consisting of eight short bones disposed in two rows.
Car"rack (?), n. See
Carack.
{ Car"ra*geen` (?), Car"ri*geen` (?) },
n. A small, purplish, branching,
cartilaginous seaweed (Chondrus crispus), which, when
bleached, is the Irish moss of commerce. [Also
written carragheen, carageen.]
||Car*ran"cha (?), n. [Native
name.] (Zoöl.) The Brazilian kite (Polyborus
Brasiliensis); -- so called in imitation of its
notes.
Car"ra*way (?), n. See
Caraway.
Car"rel (?), n. See
Quarrel, an arrow.
Car"rel, n. (Arch.)
Same as 4th Carol.
Car"ri*a*ble (?), a. Capable
of being carried.
Car"riage (?), n. [OF.
cariage luggage, carriage, chariage carriage, cart,
baggage, F. charriage, cartage, wagoning, fr. OF.
carier, charier, F. charrier, to cart. See
Carry.] 1. That which is carried;
burden; baggage. [Obs.]
David left his carriage in the hand of the
keeper of the carriage.
1. Sam. xvii. 22.
And after those days we took up our
carriages and went up to Jerusalem.
Acts. xxi. 15.
2. The act of carrying, transporting, or
conveying.
Nine days employed in carriage.
Chapman.
3. The price or expense of
carrying.
4. That which carries of conveys,
as: (a) A wheeled vehicle for persons, esp.
one designed for elegance and comfort. (b)
A wheeled vehicle carrying a fixed burden, as a gun
carriage. (c) A part of a
machine which moves and carries of supports some other moving
object or part. (d) A frame or cage in
which something is carried or supported; as, a bell
carriage.
5. The manner of carrying one's self;
behavior; bearing; deportment; personal manners.
His gallant carriage all the rest did
grace.
Stirling.
6. The act or manner of conducting
measures or projects; management.
The passage and whole carriage of this
action.
Shak.
Carriage horse, a horse kept for drawing
a carriage. -- Carriage porch
(Arch.), a canopy or roofed pavilion covering the
driveway at the entrance to any building. It is intended as a
shelter for those who alight from vehicles at the door; --
sometimes erroneously called in the United States porte-
cochère.
Car"riage*a*ble (?), a.
Passable by carriages; that can be conveyed in
carriages. [R.] Ruskin.
Car"ri*boo (?), n. See
Caribou.
Car"rick (?), n. (Naut.)
A carack. See Carack.
Carrick bend (Naut.), a kind of
knot, used for bending together hawsers or other ropes. --
Carrick bitts (Naut.), the bitts
which support the windlass. Totten.
Car"ri*er (?), n. [From
Carry.] 1. One who, or that which,
carries or conveys; a messenger.
The air which is but . . . a carrier of the
sounds.
Bacon.
2. One who is employed, or makes it his
business, to carry goods for others for hire; a porter; a
teamster.
The roads are crowded with carriers, laden
with rich manufactures.
Swift.
3. (Mach.) That which drives or
carries; as: (a) A piece which communicates to an
object in a lathe the motion of the face plate; a lathe dog.
(b) A spool holder or bobbin holder in a braiding
machine. (c) A movable piece in magazine guns which transfers the
cartridge to a position from which it can be thrust into the
barrel.
Carrier pigeon (Zoöl.), a
variety of the domestic pigeon used to convey letters from a
distant point to to its home. -- Carrier
shell (Zoöl.), a univalve shell of the
genus Phorus; -- so called because it fastens bits of
stones and broken shells to its own shell, to such an extent as
almost to conceal it. -- Common carrier
(Law.) See under Common,
a.
Car"ri*on (?), n. [OE.
caroyne, OF. caroigne, F. charogne, LL.
caronia, fr. L. caro flesh Cf. Crone,
Crony.] 1. The dead and putrefying
body or flesh of an animal; flesh so corrupted as to be unfit for
food.
They did eat the dead carrions.
Spenser.
2. A contemptible or worthless person; --
a term of reproach. [Obs.] "Old feeble carrions."
Shak.
Car"ri*on, a. Of or pertaining
to dead and putrefying carcasses; feeding on carrion.
A prey for carrion kites.
Shak.
Carrion beetle (Zoöl.), any
beetle that feeds habitually on dead animals; -- also called
sexton beetle and burying beetle. There are many
kinds, belonging mostly to the family Silphidæ.
-- Carrion buzzard (Zoöl.), a
South American bird of several species and genera (as
Ibycter, Milvago, and Polyborus), which act
as scavengers. See Caracara. -- Carrion
crow, the common European crow (Corvus
corone) which feeds on carrion, insects, fruits, and
seeds.
Car"rol (?), n. (Arch.)
See 4th Carol.
Car"rom (?), n. (Billiards)
See Carom.
Car`ron*ade (?), n. [From
Carron, in Scotland where it was first made.]
(Med.) A kind of short cannon, formerly in use,
designed to throw a large projectile with small velocity, used
for the purpose of breaking or smashing in, rather than piercing,
the object aimed at, as the side of a ship. It has no trunnions,
but is supported on its carriage by a bolt passing through a loop
on its under side.
Car"ron oil (?). A lotion of linseed oil and
lime water, used as an application to burns and scalds; -- first
used at the Carron iron works in Scotland.
Car"rot (?), n. [F. carotte,
fr. L. carota; cf. Gr. &?;] 1.
(Bot.) An umbelliferous biennial plant (Daucus
Carota), of many varieties.
2. The esculent root of cultivated
varieties of the plant, usually spindle-shaped, and of a reddish
yellow color.
Car"rot*y, a. Like a carrot in
color or in taste; -- an epithet given to reddish yellow hair,
etc.
Car"row (?), n. [Ir & Gael.
carach cunning.] A strolling gamester.
[Ireland] Spenser.
Car"ry (?), v. t. [imp. &
p. p. Carried (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Carrying.] [OF. carier,
charier, F. carrier, to cart, from OF. car,
char, F. car, car. See Car.]
1. To convey or transport in any manner from
one place to another; to bear; -- often with away or
off.
When he dieth he small carry nothing
away.
Ps. xiix. 17.
Devout men carried Stephen to his
burial.
Acts viii, 2.
Another carried the intelligence to
Russell.
Macaulay.
The sound will be carried, at the least,
twenty miles.
Bacon.
2. To have or hold as a burden, while
moving from place to place; to have upon or about one's person;
to bear; as, to carry a wound; to carry an unborn
child.
If the ideas . . . were carried along with
us in our minds.
Locke.
3. To move; to convey by force; to impel;
to conduct; to lead or guide.
Go, carry Sir John Falstaff to the
Fleet.
Shak.
He carried away all his cattle.
Gen. xxxi. 18.
Passion and revenge will carry them too
far.
Locke.
4. To transfer from one place (as a
country, book, or column) to another; as, to carry the war
from Greece into Asia; to carry an account to the ledger;
to carry a number in adding figures.
5. To convey by extension or continuance;
to extend; as, to carry the chimney through the roof; to
carry a road ten miles farther.
6. To bear or uphold successfully through
conflict, as a leader or principle; hence, to succeed in, as in a
contest; to bring to a successful issue; to win; as, to
carry an election. "The greater part carries
it." Shak.
The carrying of our main point.
Addison.
7. To get possession of by force; to
capture.
The town would have been carried in the
end.
Bacon.
8. To contain; to comprise; to bear the
aspect of ; to show or exhibit; to imply.
He thought it carried something of argument
in it.
Watts.
It carries too great an imputation of
ignorance.
Lacke.
9. To bear (one's self); to behave, to
conduct or demean; -- with the reflexive pronouns.
He carried himself so insolently in the
house, and out of the house, to all persons, that he became
odious.
Clarendon.
10. To bear the charges or burden of
holding or having, as stocks, merchandise, etc., from one time to
another; as, a merchant is carrying a large stock; a farm
carries a mortgage; a broker carries stock for a
customer; to carry a life insurance.
Carry arms (Mil. Drill), a
command of the Manual of Arms directing the soldier to hold his
piece in the right hand, the barrel resting against the hollow of
the shoulder in a nearly perpendicular position. In this position
the soldier is said to stand, and the musket to be held, at
carry. -- To carry all before one,
to overcome all obstacles; to have uninterrupted
success. -- To carry arms
(a) To bear weapons. (b)
To serve as a soldier. -- To carry
away. (a) (Naut.) to break
off; to lose; as, to carry away a fore-topmast.
(b) To take possession of the mind; to charm;
to delude; as, to be carried by music, or by
temptation. -- To carry coals, to bear
indignities tamely, a phrase used by early dramatists, perhaps
from the mean nature of the occupation. Halliwell. --
To carry coals to Newcastle, to take things
to a place where they already abound; to lose one's labor. -
- To carry off (a) To
remove to a distance. (b) To bear away
as from the power or grasp of others. (c)
To remove from life; as, the plague carried off
thousands. -- To carry on
(a) To carry farther; to advance, or help
forward; to continue; as, to carry on a design.
(b) To manage, conduct, or prosecute; as,
to carry on husbandry or trade. -- To carry
out. (a) To bear from within.
(b) To put into execution; to bring to a
successful issue. (c) To sustain to the
end; to continue to the end. -- To carry
through. (a) To convey through the
midst of. (b) To support to the end; to
sustain, or keep from falling, or being subdued. "Grace will
carry us . . . through all difficulties."
Hammond. (c) To complete; to bring to
a successful issue; to succeed. -- To carry
up, to convey or extend in an upward course or
direction; to build. -- To carry weight.
(a) To be handicapped; to have an extra
burden, as when one rides or runs. "He carries
weight, he rides a race" Cowper. (b)
To have influence.
Car"ry, v. i. 1.
To act as a bearer; to convey anything; as, to fetch and
carry.
2. To have propulsive power; to propel;
as, a gun or mortar carries well.
3. To hold the head; -- said of a horse;
as, to carry well i. e., to hold the head high, with
arching neck.
4. (Hunting) To have earth or
frost stick to the feet when running, as a hare.
Johnson.
To carry on, to behave in a wild, rude,
or romping manner. [Colloq.]
Car"ry (?), n.; pl.
Carries (#). A tract of land, over which
boats or goods are carried between two bodies of navigable water;
a carrying place; a portage. [U.S.]
Car"ry*all` (?), n. [Corrupted fr.
cariole.] A light covered carriage, having four
wheels and seats for four or more persons, usually drawn by one
horse.
Car"ry*ing, n. The act or
business of transporting from one place to another.
Carrying place, a carry; a portage.
-- Carrying trade, the business of
transporting goods, etc., from one place or country to another by
water or land; freighting.
We are rivals with them in . . . the carrying
trade.
Jay.
Car"ryk (?), n. A
carack. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Car"ry*tale` (?), n. A
talebearer. [R.] Shak.
Carse (?), n. [Of Celtic origin;
cf. W. cars bog, fen. carsen reed, Armor.
kars, korsen, bog plant, reed.] Low, fertile
land; a river valley. [Scot.] Jomieson.
Cart (?), n. [AS.
cræt; cf. W. cart, Ir. & Gael. cairt,
or Icel. kartr. Cf. Car.] 1. A
common name for various kinds of vehicles, as a Scythian dwelling
on wheels, or a chariot. "Phœbus' cart."
Shak.
2. A two-wheeled vehicle for the ordinary
purposes of husbandry, or for transporting bulky and heavy
articles.
Packing all his goods in one poor cart.
Dryden.
3. A light business wagon used by bakers,
grocerymen, butchers, etc.
4. An open two-wheeled pleasure
carriage.
Cart horse, a horse which draws a cart;
a horse bred or used for drawing heavy loads. --
Cart load, or
Cartload, as much as will fill or load a
cart. In excavating and carting sand, gravel, earth, etc., one
third of a cubic yard of the material before it is loosened is
estimated to be a cart load. -- Cart rope,
a stout rope for fastening a load on a cart; any strong
rope. -- To put (or get or
set) the cart before the horse,
to invert the order of related facts or ideas, as by putting
an effect for a cause.
Cart, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Carted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Carting.] 1. To carry or convey in a
cart.
2. To expose in a cart by way of
punishment.
She chuckled when a bawd was carted.
Prior.
Cart, v. i. To carry burdens
in a cart; to follow the business of a carter.
Cart"age (?), n. 1.
The act of carrying in a cart.
2. The price paid for carting.
Cart"bote` (?), n. [Cart +
bote.] (Old Eng. Law.) Wood to which a tenant
is entitled for making and repairing carts and other instruments
of husbandry.
||Carte (?), n. [F. See 1st
Card.] 1. Bill of fare.
2. Short for Carte de
visite.
{ Carte. ||Quarte (?), }
n. [F. quarte, prop., a fourth. Cf.
Quart.] (Fencing) A position in thrusting or
parrying, with the inside of the hand turned upward and the point
of the weapon toward the adversary's right breast.
||Carte` blanche" (?). [F., fr. OF. carte
paper + -blanc, blanche, white. See 1st
Card.] A blank paper, with a person's signature,
etc., at the bottom, given to another person, with permission to
superscribe what conditions he pleases. Hence: Unconditional
terms; unlimited authority.
||Carte" de vi*site` (?), pl. Cartes
de visite (&?;). [F.] 1. A
visiting card.
2. A photographic picture of the size
formerly in use for a visiting card.
Car*tel" (?), n. [F., fr. LL.
cartellus a little paper, dim. fr. L. charta. See
1st Card.]
1. (Mil.) An agreement between
belligerents for the exchange of prisoners.
Wilhelm.
2. A letter of defiance or challenge; a
challenge to single combat. [Obs.]
He is cowed at the very idea of a
cartel.,
Sir W. Scott.
Cartel, or Cartel ship,
a ship employed in the exchange of prisoners, or in carrying
propositions to an enemy; a ship beating a flag of truce and
privileged from capture.
Car"tel (?), v. t. To defy or
challenge. [Obs.]
You shall cartel him.
B. Jonson.
Cart"er (?), n. 1.
A charioteer. [Obs.] Chaucer.
2. A man who drives a cart; a
teamster.
3. (Zoöl.) (a)
Any species of Phalangium; -- also called
harvestman. (b) A British fish;
the whiff.
Car*te"sian (?), a. [From Renatus
Cartesius, Latinized from of René Descartes:
cf. F. cartésien.] Of or pertaining to the
French philosopher René Descartes, or his
philosophy.
The Cartesion argument for reality of
matter.
Sir W. Hamilton.
Cartesian coördinates (Geom),
distance of a point from lines or planes; -- used in a system
of representing geometric quantities, invented by Descartes.
-- Cartesian devil, a small hollow glass
figure, used in connection with a jar of water having an elastic
top, to illustrate the effect of the compression or expansion of
air in changing the specific gravity of bodies. --
Cartesion oval (Geom.), a curve such
that, for any point of the curve mr + m′r′ =
c, where r and r′ are the distances of
the point from the two foci and m, m′ and
c are constant; -- used by Descartes.
Car*te"sian, n. An adherent of
Descartes.
Car*te"sian*ism, n. The
philosophy of Descartes.
Car`tha*gin"i*an, a. Of a
pertaining to ancient Carthage, a city of northern Africa.
-- n. A native or inhabitant of
Carthage.
Car"tha*min (?), n. (Chem.)
A red coloring matter obtained from the safflower, or
Carthamus tinctorius.
Car*thu"sian (?), n. [LL.
Cartusianus, Cartusiensis, from the town of
Chartreuse, in France.] (Eccl. Hist.) A member
of an exceeding austere religious order, founded at Chartreuse in
France by St. Bruno, in the year 1086.
Car*thu"sian, a. Pertaining to
the Carthusian.
Car"ti*lage (?), n. [L.
cartilago; cf. F. cartilage.] (Anat.) A
translucent, elastic tissue; gristle.
&fist; Cartilage contains no vessels, and consists of a
homogeneous, intercellular matrix, in which there are numerous
minute cavities, or capsules, containing protoplasmic cells, the
cartilage corpuscul. See Illust under
Duplication.
Articular cartilage, cartilage that
lines the joints. -- Cartilage bone
(Anat.), any bone formed by the ossification of
cartilage. -- Costal cartilage,
cartilage joining a rib with he sternum. See Illust.
of Thorax.
Car`ti*la*gin"e*ous (?), a. [L.
cartilageneus.] See Cartilaginous.
Ray.
Car`ti*la*gin`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n.
[L. cartilago, -laginis, cartilage + facere
to make.] The act or process of forming cartilage.
Wright.
Car`ti*lag"i*nous (?), a. [L.
cartilaginosus: cf. F. cartilagineux.]
1. Of or pertaining to cartilage; gristly;
firm and tough like cartilage.
2. (Zoöl.) Having the
skeleton in the state of cartilage, the bones containing little
or no calcareous matter; said of certain fishes, as the sturgeon
and the sharks.
Cart"man (?), n.; pl.
Cartmen (&?;). One who drives or uses a cart; a
teamster; a carter.
Car*tog"ra*pher (?), n. One
who makes charts or maps.
{ Car`to*graph"ic (?), Car`to*graph"ic*al
(?) }, a. Of or pertaining to
cartography.
Car`to*graph"ic*al*ly, adv. By
cartography.
Car*tog"ra*phy (?), n. [Cf. F.
cartographie. See Card, and -graphy.]
The art or business of forming charts or maps.
Car"to*man`cy (?), n. [Cf. F.
cartomancie. See Card, and -mancy.] The
art of telling fortunes with cards.
Car"ton (kär"t&obreve;n), n.
[F. See Cartoon.] Pasteboard for paper boxes; also, a
pasteboard box.
||Carton pierre (&?;), a species of
papier-maché, imitating stone or bronze
sculpture. Knight.
Car*toon" (?), n. [F. carton
(cf. It. cartone pasteboard, cartoon); fr. L.
charta. See 1st card.]
1. A design or study drawn of the full
size, to serve as a model for transferring or copying; -- used in
the making of mosaics, tapestries, fresco pantings and the like;
as, the cartoons of Raphael.
2. A large pictorial sketch, as in a
journal or magazine; esp. a pictorial caricature; as, the
cartoons of "Puck."
Car*toon"ist, n. One skilled
in drawing cartoons.
Car*touch" (?), n.; pl.
Cartouches (#). [F. cartouche, It.
cartuccia, cartoccio, cornet, cartouch, fr. L.
charta paper. See 1st Card, and cf.
Cartridge.]
1. (Mil.) (a) A
roll or case of paper, etc., holding a charge for a firearm; a
cartridge. (b) A cartridge box.
(c) A wooden case filled with balls, to be
shot from a cannon. (d) A gunner's bag
for ammunition. (e) A military pass
for a soldier on furlough.
2. (Arch.) (a) A
cantalever, console, corbel, or modillion, which has the form of
a scroll of paper. (b) A tablet for
ornament, or for receiving an inscription, formed like a sheet of
paper with the edges rolled up; hence, any tablet of ornamental
form.
3. (Egyptian Antiq.) An oval
figure on monuments, and in papyri, containing the name of a
sovereign.
Car"tridge (kär"tr&ibreve;j),
n. [Formerly cartrage, corrupted fr. F.
cartouche. See Cartouch.] (Mil.) A
complete charge for a firearm, contained in, or held together by,
a case, capsule, or shell of metal, pasteboard, or other
material.
Ball cartridge, a cartridge containing a
projectile. -- Blank cartridge, a
cartridge without a projectile. -- Center-fire
cartridge, a cartridge in which the fulminate
occupies an axial position usually in the center of the base of
the capsule, instead of being contained in its rim. In the
Prussian needle gun the fulminate is applied to the middle of the
base of the bullet. -- Rim-fire cartridge,
a cartridge in which the fulminate is contained in a rim
surrounding its base. -- Cartridge bag,
a bag of woolen cloth, to hold a charge for a cannon. --
Cartridge belt, a belt having pockets for
cartridges. -- Cartridge box, a case,
usually of leather, attached to a belt or strap, for holding
cartridges. -- Cartridge paper.
(a) A thick stout paper for inclosing
cartridges. (b) A rough tinted paper
used for covering walls, and also for making drawings
upon.
Car"tu*la*ry (?), n.; pl.
Cartularies. [LL. cartularium,
chartularium, fr. L. charta paper: cf. F.
cartulaire. See 1st Card.]
1. A register, or record, as of a
monastery or church.
2. An ecclesiastical officer who had
charge of records or other public papers.
Cart"way` (?), n. A way or
road for carts.
Cart"wright` (?), n. [Cart +
wright.] An artificer who makes carts; a cart
maker.
Car"u*cage (?), n. [LL.
carrucagium (OF. charuage.), fr. LL. carruca
plow, fr. L. carruca coach.]
1. (Old Eng. Law.) A tax on every
plow or plowland.
2. The act of plowing. [R.]
Car"u*cate (?), n. [LL.
carucata, carrucata. See Carucage.] A
plowland; as much land as one team can plow in a year and a day;
-- by some said to be about 100 acres. Burrill.
{ Car"un*cle (?), ||Ca*run"cu*la (?), }
n. [L. caruncula a little piece of
flesh, dim. of caro flesh.] 1.
(Anat.) A small fleshy prominence or excrescence;
especially the small, reddish body, the caruncula
lacrymalis, in the inner angle of the eye.
2. (Bot.) An excrescence or
appendage surrounding or near the hilum of a seed.
3. (Zoöl.) A naked, flesh
appendage, on the head of a bird, as the wattles of a turkey,
etc.
{ Ca*run"cu*lar (?), Ca*run"cu*lous (?), }
a. Of, pertaining to, or like, a caruncle;
furnished with caruncles.
{ Ca*run"cu*late (?), Ca*run"cu*la`ted (?),
} a. Having a caruncle or caruncles;
caruncular.
||Ca"rus (kā"rŭs), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. ka`ros.] (Med.) Coma with
complete insensibility; deep lethargy.
Car"va*crol (kär"v&adot;*krōl),
n. (Chem.) A thick oily liquid,
C10H13.OH, of a strong taste and
disagreeable odor, obtained from oil of caraway (Carum
carui).
Carve (kärv), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Carved (kärvd);
p. pr. & vb. n. Carving.] [AS.
ceorfan to cut, carve; akin to D. kerven, G.
kerben, Dan. karve, Sw. karfva, and to Gr.
gra`fein to write, orig. to scratch, and E. -
graphy. Cf. Graphic.] 1. To
cut. [Obs.]
Or they will carven the shepherd's
throat.
Spenser.
2. To cut, as wood, stone, or other
material, in an artistic or decorative manner; to sculpture; to
engrave.
Carved with figures strange and sweet.
Coleridge.
3. To make or shape by cutting,
sculpturing, or engraving; to form; as, to carve a name on
a tree.
An angel carved in stone.
Tennyson.
We carved not a line, and we raised not a
stone.
C. Wolfe.
4. To cut into small pieces or slices, as
meat at table; to divide for distribution or apportionment; to
apportion. "To carve a capon." Shak.
5. To cut: to hew; to mark as if by
cutting.
My good blade carved the casques of
men.
Tennyson.
A million wrinkles carved his skin.
Tennyson.
6. To take or make, as by cutting; to
provide.
Who could easily have carved themselves
their own food.
South.
7. To lay out; to contrive; to design; to
plan.
Lie ten nights awake carving the fashion of
a new doublet.
Shak.
To carve out, to make or get by cutting,
or as if by cutting; to cut out. "[Macbeth] with his
brandished steel . . . carved out his passage."
Shak.
Fortunes were carved out of the property of
the crown.
Macaulay.
Carve, v. i. 1.
To exercise the trade of a sculptor or carver; to engrave or
cut figures.
2. To cut up meat; as, to carve
for all the guests.
Carve, n. A carucate.
[Obs.] Burrill.
Car"vel (?), n. [Contr. fr.
caravel.] 1. Same as
Caravel.
2. A species of jellyfish; sea
blubber. Sir T. Herbert.
Car"vel*built (?), a.
(Shipbuilding) Having the planks meet flush at the
seams, instead of lapping as in a clinker-built vessel.
Car"ven (?), a. Wrought by
carving; ornamented by carvings; carved. [Poetic]
A carven bowl well wrought of beechen
tree.
Bp. Hall.
The carven cedarn doors.
Tennyson.
A screen of carven ivory.
Mrs. Browning.
Car"vene (?), n. [F. carvi
caraway.] An oily substance, C10H16,
extracted from oil caraway.
Carv"er (?), n. 1.
One who carves; one who shapes or fashions by carving, or as
by carving; esp. one who carves decorative forms, architectural
adornments, etc. "The carver's chisel."
Dodsley.
The carver of his fortunes.
Sharp (Richardson's Dict. )
2. One who carves or divides meat at
table.
3. A large knife for carving.
Carv"ing, n. 1.
The act or art of one who carves.
2. A piece of decorative work cut in
stone, wood, or other material. "Carving in wood."
Sir W. Temple.
3. The whole body of decorative sculpture
of any kind or epoch, or in any material; as, the Italian
carving of the 15th century.
Car"vist (?), n. [A corruption of
carry fist.] (Falconary) A hawk which is of
proper age and training to be carried on the hand; a hawk in its
first year. Booth.
Car"vol (?), n. (Chem.)
One of a species of aromatic oils, resembling
carvacrol.
Car" wheel` (?), A flanged wheel of a railway
car or truck.
{ Car`y*at"ic (?), Car`y*at"id (?), }
a. Of or pertaining to a
caryatid.
Car`y*at"id (?), n.; pl.
Caryatids (#). [See Caryatides.]
(Arch.) A draped female figure supporting an
entablature, in the place of a column or pilaster.
||Car`y*at"i*des (?), n. pl. [L.,
fr. Gr. &?; (&?;) priestesses in the temple of Diana (the Greek
Artemis) at Caryæ (Gr. &?;), a village in Laconia; as an
architectural term, caryatids.] (Arch)
Caryatids.
&fist; Corresponding male figures were called Atlantes,
Telamones, and Persians.
Car`y*o*phyl*la"ceous (?), a. [Gr.
&?; clove tree; &?; nut + &?; leaf.] (Bot.)
(a) Having corollas of five petals with long
claws inclosed in a tubular, calyx, as the pink.
(b) Belonging to the family of which the
pink and the carnation are the types.
Car`y*oph"yl*lin (?), n.
(Chem.) A tasteless and odorless crystalline
substance, extracted from cloves, polymeric with common
camphor.
Car`y*oph"yl*lous (?), a.
Caryophyllaceous.
Car`y*op"sis (?), n.; pl.
Caryopses (#). [NL., fr. gr. &?; hut, kernel +
&?; sight, form.] (Bot.) A one-celled, dry,
indehiscent fruit, with a thin membranous pericarp, adhering
closely to the seed, so that fruit and seed are incorporated in
one body, forming a single grain, as of wheat, barley,
etc.
Ca"sal (?), a. (Gram.)
Of or pertaining to case; as, a casal
ending.
Cas"ca*bel (?), n. [Sp.
cascabel a little bell, also (fr. the shape), a knob at
the breech end of a cannon.] The projection in rear of the
breech of a cannon, usually a knob or breeching loop connected
with the gun by a neck. In old writers it included all in rear of
the base ring. [See Illust. of Cannon.]
Cas*cade" (kăs*kād"),
n. [F. cascade, fr. It. cascata,
fr. cascare to fall.] A fall of water over a
precipice, as in a river or brook; a waterfall less than a
cataract.
The silver brook . . . pours the white
cascade.
Longfellow.
Now murm'ring soft, now roaring in
cascade.
Cowper.
Cas*cade", v. i. 1.
To fall in a cascade. Lowell.
2. To vomit. [Slang]
Smollett.
||Cas*cal"ho (?), n. [Pg., a chip
of stone, gravel.] A deposit of pebbles, gravel, and
ferruginous sand, in which the Brazilian diamond is usually
found.
||Cas"ca*ra sa*gra"da (?). [Sp.] Holy bark; the
bark of the California buckthorn (Rhamnus Purshianus),
used as a mild cathartic or laxative.
Cas`ca*ril"la (?), n.[Sp., small
thin bark, Peruvian bark, dim. of cáscara bark.]
(Bot.) A euphorbiaceous West Indian shrub (Croton
Eleutheria); also, its aromatic bark.
Cascarilla bark (or
Cascarilla) (Med.), the bark of
Croton Eleutheria. It has an aromatic odor and a warm,
spicy, bitter taste, and when burnt emits a musky odor. It is
used as a gentle tonic, and sometimes, for the sake of its
fragrance, mixed with smoking tobacco, when it is said to
occasion vertigo and intoxication.
Cas`ca*ril"lin (?), n.
(Chem.) A white, crystallizable, bitter substance
extracted from oil of cascarilla.
Case (kās), n. [OF.
casse, F. caisse (cf. It. cassa), fr. L.
capsa chest, box, case, fr. capere to take, hold.
See Capacious, and cf. 4th Chase, Cash,
Enchase, 3d Sash.]
1. A box, sheath, or covering; as, a
case for holding goods; a case for spectacles; the
case of a watch; the case (capsule) of a cartridge;
a case (cover) for a book.
2. A box and its contents; the quantity
contained in a box; as, a case of goods; a case of
instruments.
3. (Print.) A shallow tray divided
into compartments or "boxes" for holding type.
&fist; Cases for type are usually arranged in sets of
two, called respectively the upper and the lower
case. The upper case contains capitals, small capitals,
accented and marked letters, fractions, and marks of reference:
the lower case contains the small letters, figures, marks
of punctuation, quadrats, and spaces.
4. An inclosing frame; a casing; as, a
door case; a window case.
5. (Mining) A small fissure which
admits water to the workings. Knight.
Case, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Cased (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Casing.] 1. To cover or protect with,
or as with, a case; to inclose.
The man who, cased in steel, had passed
whole days and nights in the saddle.
Prescott.
2. To strip the skin from; as, to
case a box. [Obs.]
Case, n. [F. cas, fr. L.
casus, fr. cadere to fall, to happen. Cf.
Chance.] 1. Chance; accident; hap;
opportunity. [Obs.]
By aventure, or sort, or cas.
Chaucer.
2. That which befalls, comes, or happens;
an event; an instance; a circumstance, or all the circumstances;
condition; state of things; affair; as, a strange case; a
case of injustice; the case of the Indian
tribes.
In any case thou shalt deliver him the
pledge.
Deut. xxiv. 13.
If the case of the man be so with his
wife.
Matt. xix. 10.
And when a lady's in the case
You know all other things give place.
Gay.
You think this madness but a common
case.
Pope.
I am in case to justle a constable,
Shak.
3. (Med. & Surg.) A patient under
treatment; an instance of sickness or injury; as, ten
cases of fever; also, the history of a disease or
injury.
A proper remedy in hypochondriacal
cases.
Arbuthnot.
4. (Law) The matters of fact or
conditions involved in a suit, as distinguished from the
questions of law; a suit or action at law; a cause.
Let us consider the reason of the case, for
nothing is law that is not reason.
Sir John Powell.
Not one case in the reports of our
courts.
Steele.
5. (Gram.) One of the forms, or
the inflections or changes of form, of a noun, pronoun, or
adjective, which indicate its relation to other words, and in the
aggregate constitute its declension; the relation which a noun or
pronoun sustains to some other word.
Case is properly a falling off from
the nominative or first state of word; the name for which,
however, is now, by extension of its signification, applied also
to the nominative.
J. W. Gibbs.
&fist; Cases other than the nominative are oblique
cases. Case endings are terminations by which certain
cases are distinguished. In old English, as in Latin, nouns had
several cases distinguished by case endings, but in modern
English only that of the possessive case is retained.
Action on the case (Law),
according to the old classification (now obsolete), was an
action for redress of wrongs or injuries to person or property
not specially provided against by law, in which the whole cause
of complaint was set out in the writ; -- called also trespass
on the case, or simply case. -- All a
case, a matter of indifference. [Obs.] "It is
all a case to me." L'Estrange. -- Case at
bar. See under Bar,
n. -- Case divinity,
casuistry. -- Case lawyer, one
versed in the reports of cases rather than in the science of the
law. -- Case stated or agreed
on (Law), a statement in writing of facts
agreed on and submitted to the court for a decision of the legal
points arising on them. -- A hard case,
an abandoned or incorrigible person. [Colloq.] --
In any case, whatever may be the state of
affairs; anyhow. -- In case, or
In case that, if; supposing that; in the
event or contingency; if it should happen that. "In
case we are surprised, keep by me." W. Irving. --
In good case, in good condition, health, or
state of body. -- To put a case, to
suppose a hypothetical or illustrative case.
Syn. -- Situation, condition, state; circumstances;
plight; predicament; occurrence; contingency; accident; event;
conjuncture; cause; action; suit.
Case, v. i. To propose
hypothetical cases. [Obs.] "Casing upon the matter."
L'Estrange.
Ca`se*a"tion (?), n. [Cf. F.
caséation. See Casein.] (Med.) A
degeneration of animal tissue into a cheesy or curdy
mass.
Case"-bay` (?), n. (Arch.)
(a) The space between two principals or
girders. (b) One of the joists framed
between a pair of girders in naked flooring.
Case"hard`en (?), v. t.
1. To subject to a process which converts
the surface of iron into steel.
2. To render insensible to good
influences.
Case"hard`ened (?), a.
1. Having the surface hardened, as iron
tools.
2. Hardened against, or insusceptible to,
good influences; rendered callous by persistence in wrongdoing or
resistance of good influences; -- said of persons.
Case"hard`en*ing, n. The act
or process of converting the surface of iron into steel.
Ure.
&fist; Casehardening is now commonly effected by
cementation with charcoal or other carbonizing material, the
depth and degree of hardening (carbonization) depending on the
time during which the iron is exposed to the heat. See
Cementation.
Ca"se*ic (?), a. [Cf. F.
caséique, fr. L. caseus cheese.] Of or
pertaining to cheese; as, caseic acid.
Ca"se*in (?), n. [Cf. F.
caséine, fr. L. caseur cheese. Cf.
Cheese.] (Physiol. Chem.) A proteid substance
present in both the animal and the vegetable kingdom. In the
animal kingdom it is chiefly found in milk, and constitutes the
main part of the curd separated by rennet; in the vegetable
kingdom it is found more or less abundantly in the seeds of
leguminous plants. Its reactions resemble those of alkali
albumin. [Written also caseine.]
Case" knife` (?). 1. A knife
carried in a sheath or case. Addison.
2. A large table knife; -- so called from
being formerly kept in a case.
Case"mate (?), n. [F.
casemate, fr. It. casamatta, prob. from casa
house + matto, f. matta, mad, weak, feeble, dim.
from the same source as E. -mate in checkmate.]
1. (Fort.) A bombproof chamber,
usually of masonry, in which cannon may be placed, to be fired
through embrasures; or one capable of being used as a magazine,
or for quartering troops.
2. (Arch.) A hollow molding,
chiefly in cornices.
Case"ma`ted (?), a. Furnished
with, protected by, or built like, a casemate.
Campbell.
Case"ment (?), n. [Shortened fr.
encasement. See Incase 1st Case, and cf.
Incasement.] (Arch.) A window sash opening on
hinges affixed to the upright side of the frame into which it is
fitted. (Poetically) A window.
A casement of the great chamber window.
Shak.
Case"ment*ed, a. Having a
casement or casements.
Ca"se*ous (?), a. [L.
caseus. Cf. Casein.] Of, pertaining to, or
resembling, cheese; having the qualities of cheese;
cheesy.
Caseous degeneration, a morbid process,
in scrofulous or consumptive persons, in which the products of
inflammation are converted into a cheesy substance which is
neither absorbed nor organized.
Ca"sern (?), n. [F.
caserne.] A lodging for soldiers in garrison towns,
usually near the rampart; barracks.
Bescherelle.
Case" shot` (?). (Mil.) A collection of
small projectiles, inclosed in a case or canister.
&fist; In the United States a case shot is a thin
spherical or oblong cast-iron shell containing musket balls and a
bursting charge, with a time fuse; -- called in Europe
shrapnel. In Europe the term case shot is applied
to what in the United States is called canister.
Wilhelm.
||Ca"se*um (?), n. [L.
caseus cheese.] Same as Casein.
Case"worm` (?), n.
(Zoöl.) A worm or grub that makes for itself a
case. See Caddice.
Cash (?), n. [F. caisse
case, box, cash box, cash. See Case a box.] A place
where money is kept, or where it is deposited and paid out; a
money box. [Obs.]
This bank is properly a general cash, where
every man lodges his money.
Sir W. Temple.
£20,000 are known to be in her
cash.
Sir R. Winwood.
2. (Com.) (a)
Ready money; especially, coin or specie; but also applied to
bank notes, drafts, bonds, or any paper easily convertible into
money. (b) Immediate or prompt payment
in current funds; as, to sell goods for cash; to make a
reduction in price for cash.
Cash account (Bookkeeping), an
account of money received, disbursed, and on hand. --
Cash boy, in large retail stores, a
messenger who carries the money received by the salesman from
customers to a cashier, and returns the proper change.
[Colloq.] -- Cash credit, an account with a
bank by which a person or house, having given security for
repayment, draws at pleasure upon the bank to the extent of an
amount agreed upon; -- called also bank credit and cash
account. -- Cash sales, sales made
for ready, money, in distinction from those on which credit is
given; stocks sold, to be delivered on the day of
transaction.
Syn. -- Money; coin; specie; currency; capital.
Cash, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Cashed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Casing.] To pay, or to receive, cash for; to exchange
for money; as, cash a note or an order.
Cash, v. t. [See Cashier.]
To disband. [Obs.] Garges.
Cash, n.sing & pl. A Chinese
coin.
&fist; The cash (Chinese tsien) is the only
current coin made by the chinese government. It is a thin
circular disk of a very base alloy of copper, with a square hole
in the center. 1,000 to 1,400 cash are equivalent to a
dollar.
Cash"book (kăsh"b&oocr;k),
n. (Bookkeeping) A book in which is
kept a register of money received or paid out.
Ca*shew" (k&adot;*sh&oomac;"), n.
[F. acajou, for cajou, prob. from Malay
kāyu tree; cf. Pg. acaju, cf. Acajou.]
(Bot.) A tree (Anacardium occidentale) of the
same family which the sumac. It is native in tropical America,
but is now naturalized in all tropical countries. Its fruit, a
kidney-shaped nut, grows at the extremity of an edible, pear-
shaped hypocarp, about three inches long.
Cashew nut, the large, kidney-shaped
fruit of the cashew, which is edible after the caustic oil has
been expelled from the shell by roasting the nut.
Cash*ier" (kăsh*ēr"),
n. [F. caissier, fr. caisse. See
Cash.] One who has charge of money; a cash keeper;
the officer who has charge of the payments and receipts (moneys,
checks, notes), of a bank or a mercantile company.
Cash*ier", v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Cahiered (?); p. pr. &vb.
n. Cashiering.] [Earlier cash, fr. F.
casser to break, annul, cashier, fr. L. cassare,
equiv. to cassum reddere, to annul; cf. G.
cassiren. Cf. Quash to annul, Cass.]
1. To dismiss or discard; to discharge; to
dismiss with ignominy from military service or from an office or
place of trust.
They have cashiered several of their
followers.
Addison.
He had insolence to cashier the captain of
the lord lieutenant's own body guard.
Macaulay.
2. To put away or reject; to
disregard. [R.]
Connections formed for interest, and
endeared
By selfish views, [are] censured and
cashiered.
Cowper.
They absolutely cashier the literal express
sense of the words.
Sowth.
Cash*ier"er (?), n. One who
rejects, discards, or dismisses; as, a cashierer of
monarchs. [R.] Burke.
Cash"mere (?), n.
1. A rich stuff for shawls, scarfs, etc.,
originally made in Cashmere from the soft wool found beneath the
hair of the goats of Cashmere, Thibet, and the Himalayas. Some
cashmere, of fine quality, is richly embroidered for sale to
Europeans.
2. A dress fabric made of fine wool, or
of fine wool and cotton, in imitation of the original
cashmere.
Cashmere shawl, a rich and costly shawl
made of cashmere; -- often called camel's-hair
shawl.
Cash`me*rette" (?), n. A kind
of dress goods, made with a soft and glossy surface like
cashmere.
Ca*shoo" (?), n. [F. cachou,
NL. catechu, Cochin-Chin. cay cau from the tree
called mimosa, or areca catechu. Cf.
Catechu.] See Catechu.
Cas"ing (?), n. 1.
The act or process of inclosing in, or covering with, a case
or thin substance, as plaster, boards, etc.
2. An outside covering, for protection or
ornament, or to precent the radiation of heat.
3. An inclosing frame; esp. the framework
around a door or a window. See Case, n.,
4.
Ca"sings (?), n. pl. Dried
dung of cattle used as fuel. [Prov. Eng.]
Waterland.
||Ca*si"no (?), n.; pl. E.
Casinos (#), It. Casini (#).
[It. casino, dim. of casa house, fr. L. casa
cottage. Cf. Cassing.] 1. A small
country house.
2. A building or room used for meetings,
or public amusements, for dancing, gaming, etc.
3. A game at cards. See
Cassino.
Cask (?), n. [Sp. casco
potsherd, skull, helmet, prob. fr. cascar to break, fr. L.
Quassure to break. Cf. Casque, Cass.]
1. Same as Casque. [Obs.]
2. A barrel-shaped vessel made of staves
headings, and hoops, usually fitted together so as to hold
liquids. It may be larger or smaller than a barrel.
3. The quantity contained in a
cask.
4. A casket; a small box for
jewels. [Obs.] Shak.
Cask, v. t. To put into a
cask.
Cas"ket (?), n. [Cf. F.
casquet, dim. of casque belmet, fr. Sp.
casco.] 1. A small chest or box, esp.
of rich material or ornamental character, as for jewels,
etc.
The little casket bring me hither.
Shak.
2. A kind of burial case. [U.
S.]
3. Anything containing or intended to
contain something highly esteemed; as: (a)
The body. (Shak.) (b) The
tomb. (Milton). (c) A book of
selections. [poetic]
They found him dead . . . an empty
casket.
Shak.
Cas"ket, n. (Naut.) A
gasket. See Gasket.
Cas"ket, v. t. To put into, or
preserve in, a casket. [Poetic] "I have casketed my
treasure." Shak.
Casque (?), n. [F. casque,
fr. Sp. casco See Cask.] A piece of defensive
or ornamental armor (with or without a vizor) for the head and
neck; a helmet.
His casque overshadowed with brilliant
plumes.
Prescott.
Cass (kăs), v. t. [F.
casser, LL. cassare, fr. L. cassus empty,
hollow, and perhaps influenced by L. quassare to shake,
shatter, v. intens. of quatere to shake. Cf.
Cashier, v. t., Quash,
Cask.] To render useless or void; to quash; to annul;
to reject; to send away. [Obs.] Sir W. Raleigh.
Cas"sa*da (kăs"s&adot;*d&adot;; 277),
n. See Cassava.
Cas"sa*reep (-rēp), n. A
condiment made from the sap of the bitter cassava (Manihot
utilissima) deprived of its poisonous qualities, concentrated
by boiling, and flavored with aromatics. See Pepper
pot.
Cas"sate (?), v. t. [LL.
cassare. See Cass.] To render void or useless;
to vacate or annul. [Obs.]
Cas*sa"tion (?), n. [F.
cassation. See Cass.] The act of
annulling.
A general cassation of their
constitutions.
Motley.
Court of cassation, the highest court of
appeal in France, which has power to quash
(Casser) or reverse the decisions of the inferior
courts.
Cas"sa*va (kăs"s&adot;*v&adot;),
n. [F. cassave, Sp. cazabe, fr.
kasabi, in the language of Haiti.] 1.
(Bot.) A shrubby euphorbiaceous plant of the genus
Manihot, with fleshy rootstocks yielding an edible starch;
-- called also manioc.
&fist; There are two species, bitter and sweet,
from which the cassava of commerce is prepared in the West
Indies, tropical America, and Africa. The bitter (Manihot
utilissima) is the more important; this has a poisonous sap,
but by grating, pressing, and baking the root the poisonous
qualities are removed. The sweet (M. Aipi) is used as a
table vegetable.
2. A nutritious starch obtained from the
rootstocks of the cassava plant, used as food and in making
tapioca.
Cas"se Pa"per (?). [F. papier cassé.
See Cass.] Broken paper; the outside quires of a
ream.
Cas"se*role (#) n. [F. a saucepan,
dim. from casse a basin.] 1.
(Chem.) A small round dish with a handle, usually of
porcelain.
2. (Cookery) A mold (in the shape
of a hollow vessel or incasement) of boiled rice, mashed potato
or paste, baked, and afterwards filled with vegetables or
meat.
Cas"sia (kăsh"&adot;), n.
[L. cassia and casia, Gr. kassi`a and
kasi`a; of Semitic origin; cf. Heb.
qetsīāh, fr. qātsa' to cut off,
to peel off.] 1. (Bot.) A genus of
leguminous plants (herbs, shrubs, or trees) of many species, most
of which have purgative qualities. The leaves of several species
furnish the senna used in medicine.
2. The bark of several species of
Cinnamomum grown in China, etc.; Chinese cinnamon.
It is imported as cassia, but commonly sold as cinnamon,
from which it differs more or less in strength and flavor, and
the amount of outer bark attached.
&fist; The medicinal "cassia" (Cassia pulp) is the
laxative pulp of the pods of a leguminous tree (Cassia
fistula or Pudding-pipe tree), native in the East
Indies but naturalized in various tropical countries.
Cassia bark, the bark of
Cinnamomum cassia, etc. The coarser kinds are
called Cassia lignea, and are often used to adulterate
true cinnamon. -- Cassia buds, the
dried flower buds of several species of cinnamon (Cinnamomum
cassia, atc..). -- Cassia oil, oil
extracted from cassia bark and cassia buds; -- called also oil
of cinnamon.
Cas"si*can (?), n. [NL.
cassicus helmeted, fr. L. cassis a belmet.]
(Zoöl.) An American bird of the genus
Cassicus, allied to the starlings and orioles, remarkable
for its skillfully constructed and suspended nest; the crested
oriole. The name is also sometimes given to the piping crow, an
Australian bird.
Cas*sid"e*ous (?), a. [L.
Cassis helmet.] (Bot.) Helmet-shaped; --
applied to a corolla having a broad, helmet-shaped upper petal,
as in aconite.
Cas"si*do*ny (?), n. [Cf. LL.
cassidonium, F. cassidoine. See Chalcedony.]
(Bot.) (a) The French lavender
(Lavandula Stœchas). (b)
The goldilocks (Chrysocoma Linosyris) and perhaps
other plants related to the genus Gnaphalium or
cudweed.
Cas"si*mere (?), n. [Cf. F.
casimir, prob. of the same origin as E. cashmere.
Cf. Kerseymere.] A thin, twilled, woolen cloth, used
for men's garments. [Written also kerseymere.]
Cas`si*nette" (?), n. [Cf. Sp.
casinete, G. cassinet.] A cloth with a cotton
warp, and a woof of very fine wool, or wool and silk.
Cas*sin"i*an o"vals (?). (Math.) See
under Oval.
Cas*si"no (?), n. [It.
casino a small house, a gaming house. See casino.]
A game at cards, played by two or more persons, usually for
twenty-one points.
Great cassino, the ten of diamonds.
-- Little cassino, the two of
spades.
Cas"si*o*ber`ry (?), n. [NL.
cassine, from the language of the Florida Indians.]
The fruit of the Viburnum obovatum, a shrub which
grows from Virginia to Florida.
Cas`si*o*pe"ia (?), n. [NL., fr.
Gr. &?;.] (Astron.) A constellation of the northern
hemisphere, situated between Cepheus and Perseus; -- so called in
honor of the wife of Cepheus, a fabulous king of
Ethiopia.
Cassiopeia's Chair, a group of six
stars, in Cassiopeia, somewhat resembling a chair.
Cas*sit"er*ite (?), n. [Gr. &?;
tin.] (Min.) Native tin dioxide; tin stone; a mineral
occurring in tetragonal crystals of reddish brown color, and
brilliant adamantine luster; also massive, sometimes in compact
forms with concentric fibrous structure resembling wood (wood
tin), also in rolled fragments or pebbly (Stream tin).
It is the chief source of metallic tin. See Black tin,
under Black.
Cas"sius (?), n. [From the name of
the discoverer, A. Cassius, a German physician of the 17th
centry.] A brownish purple pigment, obtained by the action
of some compounds of tin upon certain salts of gold. It is used
in painting and staining porcelain and glass to give a beautiful
purple color. Commonly called Purple of Cassius.
Cas"sock (?), n. [F.
casaque, fr. It. casacca, perh. fr. L. casa
cottage, in It., house; or of Slavic origin.]
1. A long outer garment formerly worn by
men and women, as well as by soldiers as part of their
uniform.
2. (Eccl.) A garment resembling a
long frock coat worn by the clergy of certain churches when
officiating, and by others as the usually outer
garment.
Cas"socked (?), a. Clothed
with a cassock.
||Cas`so*lette" (?), n. [F.] a
box, or vase, with a perforated cover to emit perfumes.
Cas`son*ade" (?), n. [F., fr.
casson, for caisson a large chest. This sugar comes
from Brazil in large chests.] Raw sugar; sugar not
refined. Mc Elrath.
Cas"so*wa*ry (?), n.; pl.
Cassowaries (#). [Malay kasuāri.]
(Zoöl.) A large bird, of the genus
Casuarius, found in the east Indies. It is smaller and
stouter than the ostrich. Its head is armed with a kind of helmet
of horny substance, consisting of plates overlapping each other,
and it has a group of long sharp spines on each wing which are
used as defensive organs. It is a shy bird, and runs with great
rapidity. Other species inhabit New Guinea, Australia,
etc.
{ Cas`su*mu"nar (?), Cas`su*mu"ni*ar (?), }
n. [Hind.] (Med.) A pungent,
bitter, aromatic, gingerlike root, obtained from the East
Indies.
Cast (k&adot;st), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Cast; p. pr. & vb.
n. Casting.] [Cf. Dan. kaste, Icel. & Sw.
kasta; perh. akin to L. gerere to bear, carry. E.
jest.] 1. To send or drive by force;
to throw; to fling; to hurl; to impel.
Uzziah prepared . . . slings to cast
stones.
2 Chron. xxvi. 14.
Cast thy garment about thee, and follow
me.
Acts. xii. 8.
We must be cast upon a certain island.
Acts. xxvii. 26.
2. To direct or turn, as the
eyes.
How earnestly he cast his eyes upon me!
Shak.
3. To drop; to deposit; as, to
cast a ballot.
4. To throw down, as in wrestling.
Shak.
5. To throw up, as a mound, or
rampart.
Thine enemies shall cast a trench [bank]
about thee.
Luke xix. 48.
6. To throw off; to eject; to shed; to
lose.
His filth within being cast.
Shak.
Neither shall your vine cast her fruit.
Mal. iii. 11
The creatures that cast the skin are the
snake, the viper, etc.
Bacon.
7. To bring forth prematurely; to
slink.
Thy she-goats have not cast their
young.
Gen. xxi. 38.
8. To throw out or emit; to exhale.
[Obs.]
This . . . casts a sulphureous smell.
Woodward.
9. To cause to fall; to shed; to reflect;
to throw; as, to cast a ray upon a screen; to cast
light upon a subject.
10. To impose; to bestow; to
rest.
The government I cast upon my brother.
Shak.
Cast thy burden upon the Lord.
Ps. iv. 22.
11. To dismiss; to discard; to
cashier. [Obs.]
The state can not with safety cast
him.
12. To compute; to reckon; to calculate;
as, to cast a horoscope. "Let it be cast and
paid." Shak.
You cast the event of war, my noble
lord.
Shak.
13. To contrive; to plan.
[Archaic]
The cloister . . . had, I doubt not, been
cast for [an orange-house].
Sir W. Temple.
14. To defeat in a lawsuit; to decide
against; to convict; as, to be cast in damages.
She was cast to be hanged.
Jeffrey.
Were the case referred to any competent judge,
they would inevitably be cast.
Dr. H. More.
15. To turn (the balance or scale); to
overbalance; hence, to make preponderate; to decide; as, a
casting voice.
How much interest casts the balance in
cases dubious!
South.
16. To form into a particular shape, by
pouring liquid metal or other material into a mold; to fashion;
to found; as, to cast bells, stoves, bullets.
17. (Print.) To stereotype or
electrotype.
18. To fix, distribute, or allot, as the
parts of a play among actors; also to assign (an actor) for a
part.
Our parts in the other world will be new
cast.
Addison.
To cast anchor (Naut.) See under
Anchor. -- To cast a horoscope,
to calculate it. -- To cast a
horse, sheep, or other animal, to throw
with the feet upwards, in such a manner as to prevent its rising
again. -- To cast a shoe, to throw off
or lose a shoe, said of a horse or ox. -- To cast
aside, to throw or push aside; to neglect; to
reject as useless or inconvenient. -- To cast
away. (a) To throw away; to lavish;
to waste. "Cast away a life" Addison.
(b) To reject; to let perish. "Cast
away his people." Rom. xi. 1. "Cast one
away." Shak. (c) To wreck.
"Cast away and sunk." Shak. -- To cast
by, to reject; to dismiss or discard; to throw
away. -- To cast down, to throw down;
to destroy; to deject or depress, as the mind. "Why art
thou cast down. O my soul?" Ps. xiii. 5. --
To cast forth, to throw out, or eject, as
from an inclosed place; to emit; to send out. -- To
cast in one's lot with, to share the fortunes
of. -- To cast in one's teeth, to
upbraid or abuse one for; to twin. -- To cast
lots. See under Lot. -- To cast
off. (a) To discard or reject; to
drive away; to put off; to free one's self from.
(b) (Hunting) To leave behind, as
dogs; also, to set loose, or free, as dogs. Crabb.
(c) (Naut.) To untie, throw off, or
let go, as a rope. -- To cast off copy,
(Print.), to estimate how much printed matter a given
amount of copy will make, or how large the page must be in order
that the copy may make a given number of pages. --
To cast one's self on or upon
to yield or submit one's self unreservedly to, as to the
mercy of another. -- To cast out, to
throw out; to eject, as from a house; to cast forth; to expel; to
utter. -- To cast the lead (Naut.),
to sound by dropping the lead to the bottom. --
To cast the water (Med.), to examine
the urine for signs of disease. [Obs.]. -- To cast
up. (a) To throw up; to raise.
(b) To compute; to reckon, as the cost.
(c) To vomit. (d) To
twit with; to throw in one's teeth.
Cast (?), v. i. 1.
To throw, as a line in angling, esp, with a fly
hook.
2. (Naut.) To turn the head of a
vessel around from the wind in getting under weigh.
Weigh anchor, cast to starboard.
Totten.
3. To consider; to turn or revolve in the
mind; to plan; as, to cast about for reasons.
She . . . cast in her mind what manner of
salution this should be.
Luke. i. 29.
4. To calculate; to compute.
[R.]
Who would cast and balance at a desk.
Tennyson.
5. To receive form or shape in a
mold.
It will not run thin, so as to cast and
mold.
Woodward.
6. To warp; to become twisted out of
shape.
Stuff is said to cast or warp when . . . it
alters its flatness or straightness.
Moxon.
7. To vomit.
These verses . . . make me ready to
cast.
B. Jonson.
Cast, 3d pres. of Cast,
for Casteth. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Cast, n. [Cf. Icel., Dan., & Sw.
kast.] 1. The act of casting or
throwing; a throw.
2. The thing thrown.
A cast of dreadful dust.
Dryden.
3. The distance to which a thing is or
can be thrown. "About a stone's cast." Luke
xxii. 41.
4. A throw of dice; hence, a chance or
venture.
An even cast whether the army should march
this way or that way.
Sowth.
I have set my life upon a cast,
And I will stand the hazard of the die.
Shak.
5. That which is throw out or off, shed,
or ejected; as, the skin of an insect, the refuse from a hawk's
stomach, the excrement of a earthworm.
6. The act of casting in a
mold.
And why such daily cast of brazen
cannon.
Shak.
7. An impression or mold, taken from a
thing or person; amold; a pattern.
8. That which is formed in a mild; esp. a
reproduction or copy, as of a work of art, in bronze or plaster,
etc.; a casting.
9. Form; appearence; mien; air; style;
as, a peculiar cast of countenance. "A neat
cast of verse." Pope.
An heroic poem, but in another cast and
figure.
Prior.
And thus the native hue of resolution
Is sicklied o'er with the pale cast of thought.
Shak.
10. A tendency to any color; a tinge; a
shade.
Gray with a cast of green.
Woodward.
11. A chance, opportunity, privilege, or
advantage; specifically, an opportunity of riding; a lift.
[Scotch]
We bargained with the driver to give us a
cast to the next stage.
Smollett.
If we had the cast o' a cart to bring
it.
Sir W. Scott.
12. The assignment of parts in a play to
the actors.
13. (Falconary) A flight or a
couple or set of hawks let go at one time from the hand.
Grabb.
As when a cast of falcons make their
flight.
Spenser.
14. A stoke, touch, or trick.
[Obs.]
This was a cast of Wood's politics; for his
information was wholly false.
Swift.
15. A motion or turn, as of the eye;
direction; look; glance; squint.
The cast of the eye is a gesture of
aversion.
Bacon.
And let you see with one cast of an
eye.
Addison.
This freakish, elvish cast came into the
child's eye.
Hawthorne.
16. A tube or funnel for conveying metal
into a mold.
17. Four; that is, as many as are thrown
into a vessel at once in counting herrings, etc; a
warp.
18. Contrivance; plot, design.
[Obs.] Chaucer.
A cast of the eye, a slight squint or
strabismus. -- Renal cast (Med.),
microscopic bodies found in the urine of persons affected
with disease of the kidneys; -- so called because they are formed
of matter deposited in, and preserving the outline of, the renal
tubes. -- The last cast, the last
throw of the dice or last effort, on which every thing is
ventured; the last chance.
Cas*ta"li*an (?), a. [L.
Castalius] Of or pertaining to Castalia, a mythical
fountain of inspiration on Mt. Parnassus sacred to the
Muses. Milton.
||Cas*ta"ne*a (?), n. [L., a
chestnut, fr. Gr. &?;.] (Bot.) A genus of nut-bearing
trees or shrubs including the chestnut and chinquapin.
Cas"ta*net (?), n. See
Castanets.
Cas"ta*nets, n. pl. [F.
castagnettes, Sp. castañetas, fr. L.
castanea (Sp. castaña) a chestnut. So named
from the resemblance to two chestnuts, or because chestnuts were
first used for castanets. See Chestnut.] Two small,
concave shells of ivory or hard wood, shaped like spoons,
fastened to the thumb, and beaten together with the middle
finger; -- used by the Spaniards and Moors as an accompaniment to
their dance and guitars.
&fist; The singular, castanet, is used of one of
the pair, or, sometimes, of the pair forming the instrument.
The dancer, holding a castanet in each
hand, rattles then to the motion of his feet.
Moore (Encyc. of Music).
Cast"a*way (?), n.
1. One who, or that which, is cast away or
shipwrecked.
2. One who is ruined; one who has made
moral shipwreck; a reprobate.
Lest . . . when I have preached to others,
I myself should be a castaway.
1 Cor. ix. 27.
Cast"a*way, a. Of no value;
rejected; useless.
Caste (?), n. [Pg. casta
race, lineage, fr. L. castus pure, chaste: cf. F.
caste, of same origin.] 1. One of the
hereditary classes into which the Hindoos are divided according
to the laws of Brahmanism.
&fist; The members of the same caste are theoretically of
equal rank, and same profession or occupation, and may not eat or
intermarry with those not of their own caste. The original are
four, viz., the Brahmans, or sacerdotal order; the
Kshatriyas, or soldiers and rulers; the Vaisyas, or
husbandmen and merchants; and the Sudras, or laborers and
mechanics. Men of no caste are Pariahs, outcasts.
Numerous mixed classes, or castes, have sprung up in the
progress of time.
2. A separate and fixed order or class of
persons in society who chiefly hold intercourse among
themselves.
The tinkers then formed an hereditary
caste.
Macaulay.
To lose caste, to be degraded from the
caste to which one has belonged; to lose social position or
consideration.
Cas"tel*lan (?), n. [OF.
castelain, F. châtelain, L.
castellanus pertaining to a castle, an occupant of a
caste, LL., a governor of a castle, fr. L. castellum
castle, citadel, dim. of castrum fortified place. See
Castle, and cf. Chatelaine.] A governor or
warden of a castle.
Cas"tel*la*ny (?), n.; pl.
Castellanies (#). [LL. castellania.]
The lordship of a castle; the extent of land and
jurisdiction appertaining to a castle.
Cas"tel*la`ted (?), a. [LL.
castellatus, fr. castellare. See Castle.]
1. Inclosed within a building; as, a
fountain or cistern castellated. [Obs.]
Johnson.
2. Furnished with turrets and
battlements, like a castle; built in the style of a
castle.
Cas`tel*la"tion (?), n. [LL.
castellation, fr. castellare, fr. L.
castellum. See Castle.] The act of making into
a castle.
Cast"er (?), n. 1.
One who casts; as, caster of stones, etc. ; a
caster of cannon; a caster of accounts.
2. A vial, cruet, or other small vessel,
used to contain condiments at the table; as, a set of
casters.
3. A stand to hold a set of
cruets.
4. A small wheel on a swivel, on which
furniture is supported and moved.
Cas"ti*gate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Castigated; p. pr.
& vb. n. Castigating.] [L. castigatus, p.
p. of castigare to correct, punish; castus pure,
chaste + agere to move, drive. See Caste, and cf.
Chasten.] 1. To punish by stripes; to
chastise by blows; to chasten; also, to chastise verbally; to
reprove; to criticise severely.
2. To emend; to correct. [Obs.]
Cas`ti*ga"tion (?), n. [L.
catigatio.]
1. Corrective punishment; chastisement;
reproof; pungent criticism.
The keenest castigation of her
slanderers.
W. Irving.
2. Emendation; correction.
[Obs.]
Cas`ti*ga"tor (?), n. [L.] One
who castigates or corrects.
Cas`ti*ga*to*ry (?), a. [L.
castigatorius.] Punitive in order to amendment;
corrective.
Cas"ti*ga*to*ry, n. An
instrument formerly used to punish and correct arrant scolds; --
called also a ducking stool, or trebucket.
Blacktone.
Cas"tile soap` (?). [From Castile, or
Castilia, a province in Spain, from which it originally
came.] A kind of fine, hard, white or mottled soap, made
with olive oil and soda; also, a soap made in imitation of the
above-described soap.
Cas*til"ian (?), n. [Sp.
castellano, from Castila, NL. Castilia,
Castella. Castile, which received its name from the
castles erected on the frontiers as a barrier against the Moors.]
1. An inhabitant or native of Castile, in
Spain.
2. The Spanish language as spoken in
Castile.
Cas*til"lan, a. Of or
pertaining to Castile, in Spain.
Cast"ing (?), n. 1.
The act of one who casts or throws, as in fishing.
2. The act or process of making casts or
impressions, or of shaping metal or plaster in a mold; the act or
the process of pouring molten metal into a mold.
3. That which is cast in a mold; esp. the
mass of metal so cast; as, a casting in iron; bronze
casting.
4. The warping of a board.
Brande & C.
5. The act of casting off, or that which
is cast off, as skin, feathers, excrement, etc.
Casting of draperies, the proper
distribution of the folds of garments, in painting and
sculpture. -- Casting line
(Fishing), the leader; also, sometimes applied to the
long reel line. -- Casting net, a net
which is cast and drawn, in distinction from a net that is set
and left. -- Casting voice,
Casting vote, the decisive vote of a
presiding officer, when the votes of the assembly or house are
equally divided. "When there was an equal vote, the governor
had the casting voice." B. Trumbull. --
Casting weight, a weight that turns a
balance when exactly poised.
Cast" i`ron (?). Highly carbonized iron, the
direct product of the blast furnace; -- used for making castings,
and for conversion into wrought iron and steel. It can not be
welded or forged, is brittle, and sometimes very hard. Besides
carbon, it contains sulphur, phosphorus, silica, etc.
Cast"-i`ron, a. Made of cast
iron. Hence, Fig.: like cast iron; hardy; unyielding.
Cas"tle (?), n. [AS. castel,
fr. L. castellum, dim. of castrum a fortified
place, castle.] 1. A fortified residence,
especially that of a prince or nobleman; a fortress.
The house of every one is to him castle and
fortress, as well for his defense againts injury and violence, as
for his repose.
Coke.
Our castle's strength
Will laugh a siege to scorn.
Shak.
&fist; Originally the mediæval castle was a
single strong tower or keep, with a palisaded inclosure around it
and inferior buidings, such as stables and the like, and
surrounded by a moat; then such a keep or donjon, with courtyards
or baileys and accessory buildings of greater elaboration a great
hall and a chapel, all surrounded by defensive walls and a moat,
with a drawbridge, etc. Afterwards the name was retained by large
dwellings that had formerly been fortresses, or by those which
replaced ancient fortresses.
A Donjon or Keep, an irregular building containing the
dwelling of the lord and his family; B C Large round
towers ferming part of the donjon and of the exterior; D
Square tower, separating the two inner courts and forming part of
the donjon; E Chapel, whose apse forms a half-round tower,
F, on the exterior walls; G H Round towers on the
exterior walls; K Postern gate, reached from outside by a
removable fight of steps or inclined plane for hoisting in
stores, and leading to a court, L (see small digagram)
whose pavement is on a level with the sill of the postern, but
below the level of the larger court, with which it communicates
by a separately fortified gateway; M Turret, containing
spiral stairway to all the stories of the great tower, B,
and serving also as a station for signal fire, banner, etc.;
N Turret with stairway for tower, C; O
Echauguettes; P P P Battlemants consisting of merlons and
crenels alternately, the merlons being pierced by loopholes; Q
Q Machicolations (those at Q defend the postern
K); R Outwork defending the approach, which is a
road ascending the hill and passing under all four faces of the
castle; S S Wall of the outer bailey. The road of approach
enters the bailey at T and passes thence into the castle
by the main entrance gateway (which is in the wall between, and
defended by the towers, C H) and over two drawbridges and
through fortified passages to the inner court.
2. Any strong, imposing, and stately
mansion.
3. A small tower, as on a ship, or an
elephant's back.
4. A piece, made to represent a castle,
used in the game of chess; a rook.
Castle in the air, a visionary project;
a baseless scheme; an air castle; -- sometimes called a castle
in Spain (F. Château en Espagne).
Syn. -- Fortress; fortification; citadel; stronghold.
See Fortress.
Cas"tle (?), v. i. [imp. &
p. p. Castled (&?;); p. pr. & vb.
n. Castling (?).] (Chess) To move
the castle to the square next to king, and then the king around
the castle to the square next beyond it, for the purpose of
covering the king.
Cas"tle*build`er (?), n. Fig.:
one who builds castles in the air or forms visionary
schemes.
-- Cas"tle*build`ing, n.
Cas"tled (?), a. Having a
castle or castles; supporting a castle; as, a castled
height or crag.
2. Fortified; turreted; as,
castled walls.
Cas"tle-guard` (?), n.
1. The guard or defense of a
castle.
2. (O. Eng. Law) A tax or
imposition an a dwelling within a certain distance of a castle,
for the purpose of maintaining watch and ward in it; castle-
ward.
3. A feudal tenure, obliging the tenant
to perform service within the realm, without limitation of
time.
Cas"tle*ry (?), n. [Cf. OF.
castelerie. See Castle.] The government of a
castle. Blount.
Cas"tlet (?), n. A small
castle. Leland.
Cas"tle*ward` (?), n. Same as
Castleguard.
Cast"ling (?), n. That which
is cast or brought forth prematurely; an abortion. Sir
T. Browne.
Cas"tling (?), n. (Chess)
A compound move of the king and castle. See Castle,
v. i.
Cast"-off` (?), a. Cast or
laid aside; as, cast-off clothes.
Cas"tor (?), n. [L. castor
the beaver, Gr. &?;; of uncertain origin.] 1.
(Zoöl.) A genus of rodents, including the
beaver. See Beaver.
2. Castoreum. See
Castoreum.
3. A hat, esp. one made of beaver fur; a
beaver.
I have always been known for the jaunty manner in
which I wear my castor.
Sir W. Scott.
4. A heavy quality of broadcloth for
overcoats.
Cast"or (?), n. See
Caster, a small wheel.
Cas"tor (?), n. [L.]
(Astron.) the northernmost of the two bright stars in
the constellation Gemini, the other being Pollux.
{ Cas"tor, Cas"tor*ite (?), }
n. [The minerals castor and
pollux were so named because found together on the
island of Elba. See Castor and Pollux.] (Min.)
A variety of the mineral called petalite, from
Elba.
Cas"tor and Pol"lux (?). [Castor and
Pollux were twin sons of Jupiter and Leda.] (Naut.)
See Saint Elmo's fire, under Saint.
Cas"tor bean` (?). (Bot.) The bean or
seed of the castor-oil plant (Ricinus communis, or
Palma Christi.)
Cas*to"re*um (?), n. [L. See
Castor.] A peculiar bitter orange-brown substance,
with strong, penetrating odor, found in two sacs between the anus
and external genitals of the beaver; castor; -- used in medicine
as an antispasmodic, and by perfumers.
Cas"to*rin (kăs"t&osl;*r&ibreve;n),
n. [From 1st Castor.] (Chem.)
A white crystalline substance obtained from
castoreum.
Cas"tor oil (kăs"t&etilde;r oil`). A mild
cathartic oil, expressed or extracted from the seeds of the
Ricinus communis, or Palma Christi. When fresh the
oil is inodorous and insipid.
Castor-oil plant. Same as Palma
Christi.
Cas`tra*me*ta"tion (?), n. [F.
castramétation, fr. L. castra camp +
metari to measure off, fr. meta limit.]
(Mil.) The art or act of encamping; the making or
laying out of a camp.
Cas"trate (?), v. t. [imp.
& p. p. Castrated; p. pr. & vb.
n. Castrating.] [L. castrarus, p; p. of
castrare to castrate, asin to Skr. çastra
knife.] 1. To deprive of the testicles; to
emasculate; to geld; to alter.
2. To cut or take out; esp. to remove
anything erroneous, or objectionable from, as the obscene parts
of a writing; to expurgate.
My . . . correspondent . . . has sent me the
following letter, which I have castrated in some
places.
Spectator.
Cas*tra"tion (?), n. [L.
castratio; cf. F. castration.] The act of
castrating.
||Cas*tra"to (?), n. [L., properly
p. p. of castrare. See Castrate.] A male
person castrated for the purpose of improving his voice for
singing; an artificial, or male, soprano.
Swift.
Cas"trel (?), n. [Cf. F.
crécerelle, cristel, OF. crecel,
cercele. Cf. Kestrel.] (Zoöl.) See
Kestrel.
Cas*tren"sial (?), a. [L.
castrensis, fr. castra camp.] Belonging to a
camp. Sir T. Browne.
Cas*tren"sian (?), a.
Castrensial. [R.]
Cast" steel` (?). See Cast steel, under
Steel.
Cas"u*al (?), a. [OE.
casuel, F. casuel, fr. L. casualis, fr.
casus fall, accident, fr. cadere to fall. See
Case.] 1. Happening or coming to pass
without design, and without being foreseen or expected;
accidental; fortuitous; coming by chance.
Casual breaks, in the general system.
W. Irving.
2. Coming without regularity; occasional;
incidental; as, casual expenses.
A constant habit, rather than a casual
gesture.
Hawthorne.
Syn. -- Accidental; fortutious; incidental; occasional;
contingent; unforeseen. See Accidental.
Cas"u*al, n. One who receives
relief for a night in a parish to which he does not belong; a
vagrant.
Cas"u*al*ism (?), n. The
doctrine that all things exist or are controlled by
chance.
Cas"u*al*ist, n. One who
believes in casualism.
Cas"u*al*ly, adv. Without
design; accidentally; fortuitously; by chance;
occasionally.
Cas"u*al*ness, n. The quality
of being casual.
Cas"u*al*ty (?), n.; pl.
Casualties (#). [F. casualité,
LL. casualitas.] 1. That which comes
without design or without being foreseen; contingency.
Losses that befall them by mere
casualty.
Sir W. Raleigh.
2. Any injury of the body from accident;
hence, death, or other misfortune, occasioned by an accident; as,
an unhappy casualty.
3. pl. (Mil. & Naval)
Numerical loss caused by death, wounds, discharge, or
desertion.
Casualty ward, A ward in a hospital
devoted to the treatment of injuries received by
accident.
Syn. -- Accident; contingency; fortuity;
misfortune.
||Cas`u*a*ri"na (?), n. [NL.,
supposed to be named from the resemblance of the twigs to the
feathers of the cassowary, of the genus Casuarius.]
(Bot.) A genus of leafless trees or shrubs, with
drooping branchlets of a rushlike appearance, mostly natives of
Australia. Some of them are large, producing hard and heavy
timber of excellent quality, called beefwood from its
color.
Cas"u*ist (?), n. [L. casus
fall, case; cf. F. casuiste. See Casual.] One
who is skilled in, or given to, casuistry.
The judment of any casuist or learned
divine concerning the state of a man's soul, is not sufficient to
give him confidence.
South.
Cas"u*ist, v. i. To play the
casuist. Milton.
{ Cas`u*is"tic (?), Cas`u*is"tic*al (?), }
a. Of or pertaining to casuists or
casuistry.
Cas"u*ist*ry (?), a.
1. The science or doctrine of dealing with
cases of conscience, of resolving questions of right or wrong in
conduct, or determining the lawfulness or unlawfulness of what a
man may do by rules and principles drawn from the Scriptures,
from the laws of society or the church, or from equity and
natural reason; the application of general moral rules to
particular cases.
The consideration of these nice and puzzling
question in the science of ethics has given rise, in modern
times, to a particular department of it, distinguished by the
title of casuistry.
Stewart.
Casuistry in the science of cases (i.e.,
oblique deflections from the general rule).
De Quincey.
2. Sophistical, equivocal, or false
reasoning or teaching in regard to duties, obligations, and
morals.
||Ca"sus (?), n. [L.] An
event; an occurrence; an occasion; a combination of
circumstances; a case; an act of God. See the Note under
Accident.
Casus belli, an event or combination of
events which is a cause war, or may be alleged as a justification
of war. -- Casus fortuitus, an
accident against which due prudence could not have provided. See
Act of God, under Act. -- Casus
omissus, a case not provided for by the
statute.
Cat (kăt), n. [AS.
cat; akin to D. & Dan. kat, Sw. katt, Icel.
köttr, G. katze, kater, Ir. cat,
W. cath, Armor. kaz, LL. catus, Bisc.
catua, NGr. ga`ta, ga`tos, Russ. &
Pol. kot, Turk. kedi, Ar. qitt; of unknown
origin. Cf. Kitten.] 1.
(Zoöl.) An animal of various species of the
genera Felis and Lynx. The domestic cat is Felis
domestica. The European wild cat (Felis catus) is much
larger than the domestic cat. In the United States the name
wild cat is commonly applied to the bay lynx (Lynx
rufus) See Wild cat, and Tiger cat.
&fist; The domestic cat includes many varieties named from
their place of origin or from some peculiarity; as, the Angora
cat; the Maltese cat; the Manx cat.
The word cat is also used to designate other animals,
from some fancied resemblance; as, civet cat, fisher
cat, catbird, catfish shark, sea
cat.
2. (Naut.) (a) A
strong vessel with a narrow stern, projecting quarters, and deep
waist. It is employed in the coal and timber trade.
(b) A strong tackle used to draw an anchor
up to the cathead of a ship. Totten.
3. A double tripod (for holding a plate,
etc.), having six feet, of which three rest on the ground, in
whatever position it is placed.
4. An old game; (a) The
game of tipcat and the implement with which it is played. See
Tipcat. (c) A game of ball, called,
according to the number of batters, one old cat, two
old cat, etc.
5. A cat o' nine tails. See
below.
Angora cat, blind cat,
See under Angora, Blind. -- Black
cat the fisher. See under Black. --
Cat and dog, like a cat and dog;
quarrelsome; inharmonious. "I am sure we have lived a
cat and dog life of it." Coleridge. -- Cat
block (Naut.), a heavy iron-strapped block
with a large hook, part of the tackle used in drawing an anchor
up to the cathead. -- Cat hook
(Naut.), a strong hook attached to a cat block. -
- Cat nap, a very short sleep.
[Colloq.] -- Cat o' nine tails, an
instrument of punishment consisting of nine pieces of knotted
line or cord fastened to a handle; -- formerly used to flog
offenders on the bare back. -- Cat's
cradle, game played, esp. by children, with a
string looped on the fingers so, as to resemble small cradle. The
string is transferred from the fingers of one to those of
another, at each transfer with a change of form. See
Cratch, Cratch cradle. -- To let the
cat out of the bag, to tell a secret, carelessly or
willfully. [Colloq.] -- Bush cat, the
serval. See Serval.
Cat (?), v. t. [imp. & p.
p. tted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Catting.] (Naut.) To bring to the cathead; as,
to cat an anchor. See Anchor.
Totten.
Cat"a (?). [Gr. kata`.] The Latin and
English form of a Greek preposition, used as a prefix to signify
down, downward, under, against,
contrary or opposed to, wholly,
completely; as in cataclysm, catarrh. It
sometimes drops the final vowel, as in catoptric; and is
sometimes changed to cath, as in cathartic,
catholic.
Cat`a*bap"tist (?), n. [Pref.
cata + aptist. See Baptist.] (Eccl.)
One who opposes baptism, especially of infants. [Obs.]
Featley.
||Cat`a*ba"sion (?), n. [NL., fr.
Gr. kataba`sion.] A vault under altar of a Greek
church.
Cat`a*bi*ot"ic (?), a. See
under Force.
Cat`a*caus"tic (?), a. [Pref.
cata + caustic.] (Physics) Relating to, or
having the properties of, a caustic curve formed by reflection.
See Caustic, a.
Nichol.
Cat`a*caus"tic, n. (Physics)
A caustic curve formed by reflection of light.
Nichol.
Cat`a*chre"sis (?), n. [L. fr. Gr.
&?; misuse, fr. &?; to misuse; kata` against + &?; to
use.] (Rhet.) A figure by which one word is wrongly
put for another, or by which a word is wrested from its true
signification; as, "To take arms against a sea of troubles".
Shak. "Her voice was but the shadow of a sound."
Young.
{ Cat`a*chres"tic (?), Cat`a*chres"tic*al
(?), } a. Belonging to, or in the manner
of, a catachresis; wrested from its natural sense or form;
forced; far-fetched.
-- Cat`a*chres"tic*al*ly, adv.
[A] catachrestical and improper way of
speaking.
Jer. Taylor.
Cat"a*clysm (?), n. [L.
cataclysmos, Gr. kataklysmo`s, from &?; to dash
over, inundate; kata` downward, against + &?; to wash
or dash over: cf. F. cataclysme.] 1.
An extensive overflow or sweeping flood of water; a
deluge.
2. (Geol.) Any violent
catastrophe, involving sudden and extensive changes of the
earth's surface.
{ Cat`a*clys"mal (?), Cat`a*clys"mic (?), }
a. Of or pertaining to a
cataclysm.
Cat`a*clys"mist (?), n. One
who believes that the most important geological phenomena have
been produced by cataclysms.
Cat"a*comb (?), n. [It.
catacomba, fr. L. catacumba perh. from Gr.
kata` downward, down + ky`mbh cavity.]
A cave, grotto, or subterraneous place of large extent used
for the burial of the dead; -- commonly in the plural.
&fist; The terms is supposed to have been applied originally
to the tombs under the church of St. Sebastian in Rome. The most
celebrated catacombs are those near Rome, on the Appian Way,
supposed to have been the place or refuge and interment of the
early Christians; those of Egypt, extending for a wide distance
in the vicinity of Cairo; and those of Paris, in abandoned stone
quarries, excavated under a large portion of the city.
Cat`a*cous"tic (?), n. [Pref.
cata + acoustics: cf. F. caraconstique.]
(Physics) That part of acoustics which treats of
reflected sounds or echoes See Acoustics.
Hutton.
{ Cat`a*di*op"tric (?), Cat`a*di*op"tric*al
(?), } a. [Pref. cata + dioptric:
cf. F. catadioptrique.] (Physics) Pertaining
to, produced by, or involving, both the reflection and refraction
of light; as, a catadioptric light.
Hutton.
Cat`a*di*op"trics (?), n. The
science which treats of catadioptric phenomena, or of the used of
catadioptric instruments.
Cat"a*drome (?), n. [Gr.
kata`dromos race course; kata` down +
dro`mos course.] 1. A race
course.
2. (Mach.) A machine for raising
or lowering heavy weights.
Ca*tad"ro*mous (?), a. [Gr.
kata` down + dro`mos a running.]
1. (Bot.) Having the lowest inferior
segment of a pinna nearer the rachis than the lowest superior
one; -- said of a mode of branching in ferns, and opposed to
anadromous.
2. (Zoöl.) Living in fresh
water, and going to the sea to spawn; -- opposed to
anadromous, and said of the eel.
||Cat`a*fal"co (?), n. [It.]
See Catafalque.
Cat"a*falque` (?), n. [F., fr. It.
catafalco, scaffold, funeral canopy; of uncertain origin;
cf. Sp. catafalso, cadahalso, cadalso, Pr.
casafalc, OF. chafaut. Cf. Scaffold.] A
temporary structure sometimes used in the funeral solemnities of
eminent persons, for the public exhibition of the remains, or
their conveyance to the place of burial.
Cat`*ag*mat"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?;
fracture, fr. &?; to break in places; kata` down +
'agny`nai to break: cf. F. catagmatique.]
(Med.) Having the quality of consolidating broken
bones.
Ca*ta"ian (?), n. A native of
Cathay or China; a foreigner; -- formerly a term of
reproach. Shak.
Cat"a*lan (?), a. Of or
pertaining to Catalonia. -- n. A
native or inhabitant of Catalonia; also, the language of
Catalonia.
Catalan furnace, Catalan
forge (Metal.), a kind of furnace for
producing wrought iron directly from the ore. It was formerly
much used, esp. in Catalonia, and is still used in some parts of
the United States and elsewhere.
Cat`a*lec"tic (?), a. [L.
catalecticus, Gr. &?; incomplete, fr. &?; to leave off;
kata` down, wholly + lh`gein to stop.]
1. (Pros.) Wanting a syllable at the
end, or terminating in an imperfect foot; as, a catalectic
verse.
2. (Photog. & Chem.) Incomplete;
partial; not affecting the whole of a substance.
Abney.
{ Cat"a*lep`sy (?), ||Cat`a*lep"sis (?), }
n. [NL. catalepsis, fr. Gr. &?; a
seizure, fr. &?; to seize upon; kata` down + &?; to
take, seize.] (Med.) A sudden suspension of sensation
and volition, the body and limbs preserving the position that may
be given them, while the action of the heart and lungs
continues.
Cat`a*lep"tic (?), a. [Gr.
katalhptiko`s.] Pertaining to, or resembling,
catalepsy; affected with catalepsy; as, a cataleptic
fit.
||Cat`al*lac"ta (?), n. pl. [NL.,
fr. Gr. &?;. See Catallactics.] (Zoöl.) A
division of Protozoa, of which Magosphæra is the
type. They exist both in a myxopod state, with branched
pseudopodia, and in the form of ciliated bodies united in free,
spherical colonies.
Cat`al*lac"tics (?) n. [Gr. &?; to
exchange; kata` wholly + &?; to change.] The
science of exchanges, a branch of political economy.
Cat"a*log (?), n. & v.
Catalogue.
Cat"a*lo*gize (?), v. t. To
insert in a catalogue; to register; to catalogue. [R.]
Coles.
Cat"a*logue (?), n. [F., fr.
catalogus, fr. Gr. &?; a counting up, list, fr. &?; to
count up; kata` down, completely + &?; to say.] A
list or enumeration of names, or articles arranged methodically,
often in alphabetical order; as, a catalogue of the
students of a college, or of books, or of the stars.
Card catalogue, a catalogue, as of
books, having each item entered on a separate card, and the cards
arranged in cases by subjects, or authors, or
alphabetically. -- Catalogue
raisonné (?) [F.], a catalogue of books,
etc., classed according to their subjects.
Syn. -- List; roll; index; schedule; enumeration;
inventory. See List.
Cat"a*logue, v. t. [imp. &
p. p. Catalogued (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Cataloguing (?).] To make a list or
catalogue; to insert in a catalogue.
Cat"a*log`uer (?), n. A maker
of catalogues; esp. one skilled in the making of
catalogues.
Ca*tal"pa (?), n. [From the
language of the Indians of Carolina, where Catesby discovered
this tree in the year 1726.] (Bot.) A genus of
American and East Indian trees, of which the best know species
are the Catalpa bignonioides, a large, ornamental North
American tree, with spotted white flowers and long cylindrical
pods, and the C. speciosa, of the Mississipi valley; --
called also Indian bean.
Ca*tal"y*sis (?), n.; pl.
Catalyse. (#) [ML., fr. Gr. &?; dissolution,
fr. &?; to destroy, dissolve; kata` down, wholly + &?;
to loose.]
1. Dissolution; degeneration;
decay. [R.]
Sad catalysis and declension of piety.
Evelyn.
2. (Chem.) (a) A
process by which reaction occurs in the presence of certain
agents which were formerly believed to exert an influence by mere
contact. It is now believed that such reactions are attended with
the formation of an intermediate compound or compounds, so that
by alternate composition and decomposition the agent is apparenty
left unchanged; as, the catalysis of making ether from
alcohol by means of sulphuric acid; or catalysis in the
action of soluble ferments (as diastase, or ptyalin) on
starch. (b) The catalytic
force.
Cat`a*ly"tic (?), a. Relating
to, or causing, catalysis. "The catalytic power is
ill understood." Ure.
Catalytic force, that form of chemical
energy formerly supposed to determine catalysis.
Cat`a*lyt"ic, n. (Chem.)
An agent employed in catalysis, as platinum black, aluminium
chloride, etc.
Cat`a*ma*ran", n. [The native East
Indian name.] 1. A kind of raft or float,
consisting of two or more logs or pieces of wood lashed together,
and moved by paddles or sail; -- used as a surf boat and for
other purposes on the coasts of the East and West Indies and
South America. Modified forms are much used in the lumber regions
of North America, and at life-saving stations.
2. Any vessel with twin hulls, whether
propelled by sails or by steam; esp., one of a class of double-
hulled pleasure boats remarkable for speed.
3. A kind of fire raft or torpedo
bat.
The incendiary rafts prepared by Sir Sidney Smith
for destroying the French flotilla at Boulogne, 1804, were called
catamarans.
Knight.
4. A quarrelsome woman; a scold.
[Colloq.]
||Cat`a*me"nia
(kăt`&adot;*mē"n&ibreve;*&adot;), n.
pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ta` katamh`nia.]
(Med.) The monthly courses of women; menstrual
discharges; menses.
Cat`a*me"ni*al (-al), a.
[Gr. katamh`nios monthly; kata` down,
back, again + mh`n month.] Pertaining to the
catamenia, or menstrual discharges.
Cat"a*mite (kăt"&adot;*mīt),
n. [L. Catamitus, an old form of
Ganymedes Ganymede, Gr. Ganymh`dhs.] A boy
kept for unnatural purposes.
Cat"a*mount (-mount), n.
[Cat + mount; cf. Sp. gato montes mountain
cat.] (Zoöl.) The cougar. Applied also, in some
parts of the United States, to the lynx.
Cat"a*nad`ro*mous (?), a. [Gr.
kata` down + 'ana` up + dro`mos
running, course.] (Zoöl.) Ascending and
descending fresh streams from and to the sea, as the salmon;
anadromous. [R.]
Cat"a*pasm (?), n. [Gr. &?;, fr.
&?; to besprinkle; kata` down, wholly + &?; to strew,
or sprinkle.] (Med.) A compound medicinal powder,
used by the ancients to sprinkle on ulcers, to absorb
perspiration, etc. Dunglison.
Cat`a*pel"tic (?), a. Of or
pertaining to a catapult.
Cat`a*pet"al*ous (?), a. [Pref.
cata + petalous.] (Bot.) Having the
petals held together by stamens, which grow to their bases, as in
the mallow.
Cat`a*phon"ic (?), a. Of or
relating to cataphonics; catacoustic.
Cat`a*phon"ics (?), n. [Pref.
cata + phonic: cf. F. cataphonique.]
(Physics) That branch of acoustics which treats of
reflected sounds; catacoustics.
Cat"a*phract (k&act;t"&ador;*frăkt),
n. [L. cataphractes, Gr. &?;, fr. &?;
covered, fr. &?; to cover; kata` down, wholly +
fra`ssein to inclose.] 1. (Mil.
Antiq.) Defensive armor used for the whole body and
often for the horse, also, esp. the linked mail or scale armor of
some eastern nations.
2. A horseman covered with a
cataphract.
Archers and slingers, cataphracts, and
spears.
Milton.
3. (Zoöl.) The armor or plate
covering some fishes.
Cat"a*phract`ed (?), a.
(Zoöl.) Covered with a cataphract, or armor of
plates, scales, etc.; or with that which corresponds to this, as
horny or bony plates, hard, callous skin, etc.
Cat`a*phrac"tic (?), a. Of,
pertaining to, or resembling, a cataphract.
Cat`a*phys"ic*al, a. [Pref.
cata + physical.] Unnatural; contrary to
nature. [R.]
Some artists . . . have given to Sir Walter Scott
a pile of forehead which is unpleassing and
cataphysical.
De Quincey.
Cat"a*plasm (?), n. [L.
cataplasma, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to spread over;
kata` down, wholly + &?; to form, mold.] (Med.)
A soft and moist substance applied externally to some part
of the body; a poultice. Dunglison.
Cat"a*puce (?), n. [F.]
(Bot.) Spurge. [Obs.]
Cat"a*pult (?), n. [L.
catapulta, Gr. &?;, prob. from kata` down + &?;
to shake, hurl.]
1. (Mil. Antiq.) An engine
somewhat resembling a massive crossbow, used by the ancient
Greeks and Romans for throwing stones, arrows, spears,
etc.
2. A forked stick with elastic band for
throwing small stones, etc.
Cat"a*ract (?), n. [L.
cataracta, catarracles, a waterfall, Gr. &?;, &?;,
fr. &?; to break down; in the passive, to fall or rush down (of
tumors) to burst; kata` down + &?; to break.]
1. A great fall of water over a precipice; a
large waterfall.
2. (Surg.) An opacity of the
crystalline lens, or of its capsule, which prevents the passage
of the rays of light and impairs or destroys the sight.
3. (Mach.) A kind of hydraulic
brake for regulating the action of pumping engines and other
machines; -- sometimes called dashpot.
Cat`a*rac"tous (?), a. Of the
nature of a cataract in the eye; affected with
cataract.
Ca*tarrh" (?), n. [L.
catarrhus, Gr. &?;, &?;, a running down, rheum, fr. &?;;
kata` down + &?; to flow. See Stream.]
(Med.) An inflammatory affection of any mucous
membrane, in which there are congestion, swelling, and an
altertion in the quantity and quality of mucus secreted; as,
catarrh of the stomach; catarrh of the
bladder.
&fist; In America, the term catarrh is applied
especially to a chronic inflammation of, and hypersecretion fron,
the membranes of the nose or air passages; in England, to an
acute influenza, resulting a cold, and attended with cough,
thirst, lassitude, and watery eyes; also, to the cold itself.
Ca*tarrh"al (?), a. Pertaining
to, produced by, or attending, catarrh; of the nature of
catarrh.
Cat"ar*rhine (?), n. [Gr.
kata`rris with hanging or curved nose;
kata` down + "ri`s, "rino`s
nose.] (Zoöl.) One of the Catarrhina, a
division of Quadrumana, including the Old World monkeys and apes
which have the nostrils close together and turned downward. See
Monkey.
Ca*tarrh"ous (?), a.
Catarrhal. [R.]
Cat`a*stal"tic (?), a. [Gr. &?;,
fr. &?; to check; kata` down, wholy + &?; to set.]
(Med.) Checking evacuations through astringent or
styptic qualities.
||Ca*tas"ta*sis (?), n. [NL., fr.
Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to set; kata` down + &?; to place.]
1. (Rhet.) That part of a speech,
usually the exordium, in which the orator sets forth the subject
matter to be discussed.
2. (Med.) The state, or condition
of anything; constitution; habit of body.
Ca*tas"ter*ism (?), n. [Gr. &?;,
fr. &?; to place among the stars.] A placing among the
stars; a catalogue of stars.
The catasterisms of Eratosthenes.
Whewell.
Ca*tas"tro*phe (?), n. [L.
catastropha, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to turn up and down, to
overturn; kata` down + &?; to turn.]
1. An event producing a subversion of the
order or system of things; a final event, usually of a calamitous
or disastrous nature; hence, sudden calamity; great
misfortune.
The strange catastrophe of affairs now at
London.
Bp. Burnet.
The most horrible and portentous
catastrophe that nature ever yet saw.
Woodward.
2. The final event in a romance or a
dramatic piece; a denouement, as a death in a tragedy, or a
marriage in a comedy.
3. (Geol.) A violent and widely
extended change in the surface of the earth, as, an elevation or
subsidence of some part of it, effected by internal causes.
Whewell.
Cat`a*stroph"ic (?), a. Of a
pertaining to a catastrophe. B. Powell.
Ca*tas"tro*phism (?), n.
(Geol.) The doctrine that the geological changes in
the earth's crust have been caused by the sudden action of
violent physical causes; -- opposed to the doctrine of
uniformism.
Ca*tas"tro*phist (?), n.
(Geol.) One who holds the theory or
catastrophism.
Ca*taw"ba (?), n.
1. A well known light red variety of
American grape.
2. A light-colored, sprightly American
wine from the Catawba grape.
Ca*taw"bas (?), n. pl.;
sing. Catawba. (Ethnol.)
An Appalachian tribe of Indians which originally inhabited
the regions near the Catawba river and the head waters of the
Santee.
Cat"bird (?), n.
(Zoöl.) An American bird (Galeoscoptes
Carolinensis), allied to the mocking bird, and like it
capable of imitating the notes of other birds, but less
perfectly. Its note resembles at times the mewing of a
cat.
Cat"boat` (?), n. (Naut.)
A small sailboat, with a single mast placed as far forward
as possible, carring a sail extended by a gaff and long boom. See
Illustration in Appendix.
Cat"call` (?), n. A sound like
the cry of a cat, such as is made in playhouses to express
dissatisfaction with a play; also, a small shrill instrument for
making such a noise.
Upon the rising of the curtain. I was very much
surprised with the great consort of catcalls which was
exhibited.
Addison.
Catch (?), v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Caught (?) or Catched (&?;);
p. pr. & vb. n. Catching. Catched
is rarely used.] [OE. cacchen, OF. cachier,
dialectic form of chacier to hunt, F. chasser, fr.
(assumend) LL. captiare, for L. capture, V. intens.
of capere to take, catch. See Capacious, and cf.
Chase, Case a box.]
1. To lay hold on; to seize, especially
with the hand; to grasp (anything) in motion, with the effect of
holding; as, to catch a ball.
2. To seize after pursuing; to arrest;
as, to catch a thief. "They pursued . . . and
caught him." Judg. i. 6.
3. To take captive, as in a snare or net,
or on a hook; as, to catch a bird or fish.
4. Hence: To insnare; to entangle.
"To catch him in his words". Mark xii. 13.
5. To seize with the senses or the mind;
to apprehend; as, to catch a melody. "Fiery thoughts
. . . whereof I catch the issue." Tennyson.
6. To communicate to; to fasten upon; as,
the fire caught the adjoining building.
7. To engage and attach; to please; to
charm.
The soothing arts that catch the fair.
Dryden.
8. To get possession of; to
attain.
Torment myself to catch the English
throne.
Shak.
9. To take or receive; esp. to take by
sympathy, contagion, infection, or exposure; as, to catch
the spirit of an occasion; to catch the measles or
smallpox; to catch cold; the house caught
fire.
10. To come upon unexpectedly or by
surprise; to find; as, to catch one in the act of
stealing.
11. To reach in time; to come up with;
as, to catch a train.
To catch fire, to become inflamed or
ignited. -- to catch it to get a
scolding or beating; to suffer punishment. [Colloq.] --
To catch one's eye, to interrupt captiously
while speaking. [Colloq.] "You catch me up so very
short." Dickens. -- To catch up, to
snatch; to take up suddenly.
Catch (?), v. i. 1.
To attain possession. [Obs.]
Have is have, however men do catch.
Shak.
2. To be held or impeded by entanglement
or a light obstruction; as, a kite catches in a tree; a
door catches so as not to open.
3. To take hold; as, the bolt does not
catch.
4. To spread by, or as by, infecting; to
communicate.
Does the sedition catch from man to
man?
Addison.
To catch at, to attempt to seize; to be
eager to get or use. "[To] catch at all opportunities
of subverting the state." Addison. -- To catch up
with, to come up with; to overtake.
Catch, n. 1.
Act of seizing; a grasp. Sir P. Sidney.
2. That by which anything is caught or
temporarily fastened; as, the catch of a gate.
3. The posture of seizing; a state of
preparation to lay hold of, or of watching he opportunity to
seize; as, to lie on the catch. [Archaic]
Addison.
The common and the canon law . . . lie at
catch, and wait advantages one againt another.
T. Fuller.
4. That which is caught or taken; profit;
gain; especially, the whole quantity caught or taken at one time;
as, a good catch of fish.
Hector shall have a great catch if he knock
out either of your brains.
Shak.
5. Something desirable to be caught, esp.
a husband or wife in matrimony. [Colloq.]
Marryat.
6. pl. Passing opportunities
seized; snatches.
It has been writ by catches with many
intervals.
Locke.
7. A slight remembrance; a
trace.
We retain a catch of those pretty
stories.
Glanvill.
8. (Mus.) A humorous canon or
round, so contrived that the singers catch up each other's
words.
Catch"a*ble (?), a. Capable of
being caught. [R.]
Catch"-ba`sin (?), n. A
cistern or vault at the point where a street gutter discharges
into a sewer, to catch bulky matters which would not pass readily
through the sewer. Knight.
Catch"drain` (?), n. A ditch
or drain along the side of a hill to catch the surface water;
also, a ditch at the side of a canal to catch the surplus
water.
Catch"er (?), n. 1.
One who, or that which, catches.
2. (Baseball) The player who
stands behind the batsman to catch the ball.
Catch"fly (?), n. (Bot.)
A plant with the joints of the stem, and sometimes other
parts, covered with a viscid secretion to which small insects
adhere. The species of Silene are examples of the
catchfly.
Catch"ing a. 1.
Infectious; contagious.
2. Captivating; alluring.
Catch"ing, n. The act of
seizing or taking hold of.
Catching bargain (Law), a bargain
made with an heir expectant for the purchase of his expectancy at
an inadequate price. Bouvier.
Catch"-mead`ow (?), n. A
meadow irrigated by water from a spring or rivulet on the side of
hill.
Catch"ment (?), n. A surface
of ground on which water may be caught and collected into a
reservoir.
Catch"pen*ny (?), a. Made or
contrived for getting small sums of money from the ignorant or
unwary; as, a catchpenny book; a catchpenny
show. -- n. Some worthless
catchpenny thing.
Catch"poll` (?), n. [OF.
chacepol, chacipol.] A bailiff's
assistant.
{ Catch"up (?), Cat"sup (?) },
n. [Probably of East Indian origin, because it
was originally a kind of East Indian pickles.] A table sauce
made from mushrooms, tomatoes, walnuts, etc. [Written also
ketchup.]
Catch"wa`ter (?), n. A ditch
or drain for catching water. See Catchdrain.
Catch"weed` (?), n. (Bot.)
See Cleavers.
Catch"weight` (?), adv.
(Horseracing) Without any additional weight; without
being handicapped; as, to ride catchweight.
Catch"word` (?), n.
1. Among theatrical performers, the last
word of the preceding speaker, which reminds one that he is to
speak next; cue.
2. (Print.) The first word of any
page of a book after the first, inserted at the right hand bottom
corner of the preceding page for the assistance of the reader. It
is seldom used in modern printing.
3. A word or phrase caught up and
repeated for effect; as, the catchword of a political
party, etc.
Catch"work` (?), n. A work or
artificial water-course for throwing water on lands that lie on
the slopes of hills; a catchdrain.
Cate (?), n. Food. [Obs.] See
Cates.
{ Cat`e*chet"ic (?), Cat`e*chet"ic*al (?), }
a. [Gr. &?;. See Catechise.]
Relating to or consisting in, asking questions and receiving
answers, according to the ancient manner of teaching.
Socrates introduced a catechetical method
of arguing.
Addison.
Cat`e*chet"ic*al*ly, adv. In a
catechetical manner; by question and answer.
Cat`e*chet"ics (?), n. The
science or practice of instructing by questions and
answers.
Cat"e*chin (?), n. (Chem.)
One of the tannic acids, extracted from catechu as a white,
crystalline substance; -- called also catechuic acid, and
catechuin.
Cat`e*chi*sa"tion (?), n. [LL.
catechizatio.] The act of catechising.
Cat"e*chise (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Catechised (?); p.
pr. & vb. n. Catechising.] [L.
catechizare, Gr. &?;, equiv. to &?; to resound, sound a
thing into one's ears, impress it upon one by word of mouth; &?;
+ &?; to sound, &?; a sound.]
1. To instruct by asking questions,
receiving answers, and offering explanations and corrections, --
esp. in regard to points of religious faith.
2. To question or interrogate; to examine
or try by questions; -- sometimes with a view to reproof, by
eliciting from a person answers which condemn his own
conduct. Swift.
Cat"e*chi`ser (kăt"&esl;*kī`z&etilde;r),
n. One who catechises.
Cat"e*chism (-k&ibreve;z'm), n. [L.
catechismus, fr. Gr. See Catechise.]
1. A form of instruction by means of
questions and answers.
2. A book containing a summary of
principles, especially of religious doctrine, reduced to the form
of questions and answers.
The Jews, even till this day, have their
catechisms.
Hooker.
The Larger Catechism, The Shorter
Catechism. See Westminster Assembly, under
Assembly.
Cat`e*chis"mal (?), a. Of or
pertaining to a catechism, having the form of questions and
answers; catechetical.
Cat"e*chist (kăt"&esl;*k&ibreve;st),
n. [L. catechista, fr. Gr.] One who
instructs by question and answer, especially in religions
matters.
{ Cat`e*chis"tic (-k&ibreve;s"t&ibreve;k),
Cat`e*chis"tic*al (?), } a. Of or
pertaining to a catechist or to a catechism. Dr. H.
More.
Cat"e*chize, v. t. See
Catechise.
Cat"e*chu (?), n. [See
Cashoo.] (Chem.) A dry, brown, astringent
extract, obtained by decoction and evaporation from the Acacia
catechu, and several other plants growing in India. It
contains a large portion of tannin or tannic acid, and is used in
medicine and in the arts. It is also known by the names terra
japonica, cutch, gambier, etc.
Ure. Dunglison.
Cat`e*chu"ic (?), a. Of or
pertaining to catechu or its derivatives. See
catechin.
Cat"e*chu`men (?), n. [L.
catechunenus, Gr. &?; instructed, from &?;. See
Catechise.] (Eccl.) One who is receiving
rudimentary instruction in the doctrines of Christianity; a
neophyte; in the primitive church, one officially recognized as a
Christian, and admitted to instruction preliminary to admission
to full membership in the church.
Cat`e*chu"men*ate (?), n. The
state or condition of a catechumen or the time during which one
is a catechumen.
Cat`e*chu*men"i*cal (?), a. Of
or pertaining to catechumens; as, catechumenical
instructions.
Cat`e*chu"men*ist, n. A
catechumen. Bp. Morton.
Cat`e*gor`e*mat"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?;
predicate. See Category.] (Logic.) Capable of
being employed by itself as a term; -- said of a word.
Cat`e*gor"ic*al (?), a.
1. Of or pertaining to a category.
2. Not hypothetical or relative;
admitting no conditions or exceptions; declarative; absolute;
positive; express; as, a categorical proposition, or
answer.
The scriptures by a multitude of
categorical and intelligible decisions . . . distinguish
between the things seen and temporal and those that are unseen
and eternal.
I. Taylor.
Cat`e*gor"ic*al*ly, adv.
Absolutely; directly; expressly; positively; as, to affirm
categorically.
Cat`e*gor"ic*al*ness, n. The
quality of being categorical, positive, or absolute. A.
Marvell.
Cat"e*go*rist (?), n. One who
inserts in a category or list; one who classifies.
Emerson.
Cat"e*go*rize (?), v. t. To
insert in a category or list; to class; to catalogue.
Cat"e*go*ry (?), n.; pl.
Categories (#). [L. categoria, Gr. &?;,
fr. &?; to accuse, affirm, predicate; &?; down, against + &?; to
harrangue, assert, fr. &?; assembly.] 1.
(Logic.) One of the highest classes to which the
objects of knowledge or thought can be reduced, and by which they
can be arranged in a system; an ultimate or undecomposable
conception; a predicament.
The categories or predicaments -- the
former a Greek word, the latter its literal translation in the
Latin language -- were intended by Aristotle and his followers as
an enumeration of all things capable of being named; an
enumeration by the summa genera i.e., the most extensive
classes into which things could be distributed.
J. S. Mill.
2. Class; also, state, condition, or
predicament; as, we are both in the same
category.
There is in modern literature a whole class of
writers standing within the same category.
De Quincey.
Cat"el (?), n. [See
Chattel.] Property; -- often used by Chaucer in
contrast with rent, or income.
"For loss of catel may recovered be,
But loss of tyme shendeth us," quod he.
Chaucer.
Cat`e*lec"trode (?), n. [Pref.
cata + elecrode.] (Physics) The negative
electrode or pole of a voltaic battery.
Faraday.
Cat`e*lec`tro*ton"ic (?), a.
(Physics) Relating to, or characterized by,
catelectrotonus.
||Cat`e*lec*trot"o*nus (?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. &?; down + &?; (see Electro-) + &?; tone.]
(Physics) The condition of increased irritability of
a nerve in the region of the cathode or negative electrode, on
the passage of a current of electricity through it.
||Ca*te"na (?), n.; pl.
Catene (#). [L., a chain.] A chain or
series of things connected with each other.
I have . . . in no case sought to construct those
catenæ of games, which it seems now the fashion of
commentators to link together.
C. J. Ellicott.
{ Cat"e*na*ry (?), Cat`e*na"ri*an (?), }
a. [L. catenarius, fr. catena a
chain. See Chain.] Relating to a chain; like a chain;
as, a catenary curve.
Cat"e*na*ry, n.; pl.
Catenaries (&?;). (Geol.) The curve formed by
a rope or chain of uniform density and perfect flexibility,
hanging freely between two points of suspension, not in the same
vertical line.
Cat"e*nate (?), v. t. [imp.
& p. p. Catenated; p. pr. & vb.
n. Catenating.] [L. catenatus, p. p. of
catenare, fr. catena chain. See Chain.]
To connect, in a series of links or ties; to chain.
E. Darwin.
Cat`e*na"tion (?), n. [L.
catenatio.] Connection of links or union of parts, as
in a chain; a regular or connected series. See
Concatenation. Sir T. Browne.
Ca*ten"u*late (?), a. [L.
catenuia, dim. of catena chain.] 1.
Consisting of little links or chains.
2. (Zoöl.) Chainlike; -- said
both or color marks and of indentations when arranged like the
links of a chain, as on shells, etc.
Ca"ter (?), n. [OE. catour
purchaser, caterer, OF. acator, fr. acater, F.
acheter, to buy, provide, fr. LL. accaptare; L.
ad + captare to strive, to seize, intens, of capere
to take, seize. Cf. Acater, Capacious.] A
provider; a purveyor; a caterer. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Ca"ter, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Catered (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Catering.] [From Cater,
n.] 1. To provide food; to
buy, procure, or prepare provisions.
[He] providently caters for the
sparrow.
Shak.
2. By extension: To supply what is needed
or desired, at theatrical or musical entertainments; -- followed
by for or to.
Ca"ter, n. [F. quatre four.]
The four of cards or dice.
Ca"ter, v. t. To cut
diagonally. [Obs.] Halliwell.
Cat"e*ran (?), n. [Gael.
ceatharnach. Cf. Kern Irish foot soldier.] A
Highland robber: a kind of irregular soldier. [Scot.]
Sir W. Scott.
Ca"ter-cor`nered (?), a. [Cf.
Cater to cut diagonally.] Diagonal.
[Colloq.]
Ca"ter-cous`in (?), n. A
remote relation. See Quater-cousin.
Shak.
Ca"ter*er (?), n. One who
caters.
The little fowls in the air have God for Their
provider and caterer.
Shelton.
Ca"ter*ess, n. A woman who
caters. Milton.
Cat"er*pil`lar (?), n. [OE.
catyrpel, corrupted fr. OF. chatepelouse, or
cate pelue, fr. chate, F. chatte, she-cat,
fem. of chat, L. catus + L. pilosus hairy,
or F. pelu hairy, fr. L. pilus hair. See
Cat, and Pile hair.] 1.
(Zoöl.) The larval state of a butterfly or any
lepidopterous insect; sometimes, but less commonly, the larval
state of other insects, as the sawflies, which are also called
false caterpillars. The true caterpillars have three pairs of
true legs, and several pairs of abdominal fleshy legs (prolegs)
armed with hooks. Some are hairy, others naked. They usually feed
on leaves, fruit, and succulent vegetables, being often very
destructive, Many of them are popularly called worms, as the
cutworm, cankerworm, army worm, cotton worm, silkworm.
2. (Bot.) A plant of the genus
Scorpiurus, with pods resembling caterpillars.
Caterpillar catcher, or
Caterpillar eater (Zoöl.), a
bird belonging to the family of Shrikes, which feeds on
caterpillars. The name is also given to several other birds.
-- Caterpillar hunter (Zoöl.),
any species of beetles of the genus Callosoma and
other allied genera of the family Carabidæ which
feed habitually upon caterpillars.
Cat"er*waul (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Caterwauled (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Caterwauling.]
[Cat + waul, wawl, to cry as a cat.] To
cry as cats in rutting time; to make a harsh, offensive
noise. Coleridge.
Cat"er*waul, n. A
caterwauling.
Cat"er*waul`ing, n. The cry of
cats; a harsh, disagreeable noise or cry like the cry of
cats. Shak.
Ca"ter*y (?), n. [See Cater,
n.] The place where provisions are
deposited. [Obs.]
Cates (?), n. pl. [Cf.
Acates, and see Cater, n.]
Provisions; food; viands; especially, luxurious food;
delicacies; dainties. Shak.
Cates for which Apicius could not pay.
Shurchill.
Choicest cates and the fiagon's best
spilth.
R. Browning.
Cat"-eyed` (?), a. Having eyes
like a cat; hence, able to see in the dark.
Cat"fall` (?), n. (Naut.)
A rope used in hoisting the anchor to the cathead.
Totten.
Cat"fish` (?), n.
(Zoöl.) A name given in the United States to
various species of siluroid fishes; as, the yellow cat
(Amiurus natalis); the bind cat (Gronias
nigrilabrus); the mud cat (Pilodictic
oilwaris), the stone cat (Noturus flavus); the
sea cat (Arius felis), etc. This name is also
sometimes applied to the wolf fish. See
Bullhrad.
Cat"gut` (?), n. [Cat +
gut.] 1. A cord of great toughness
made from the intestines of animals, esp. of sheep, used for
strings of musical instruments, etc.
2. A sort of linen or canvas, with wide
interstices.
Cath"a*rine wheel` (?). See catherine
wheel.
Cath"a*rist (?), n. [LL.
catharista, fr. Gr. &?; clean, pure.] One aiming at
or pretending to a greater purity of like than others about him;
-- applied to persons of various sects. See
Albigenses.
Cat"-harp`in (?), n. See
Cat-harping.
Cat"-harp`ing n. (Naut.)
One of the short ropes or iron cramps used to brace in the
shrouds toward the masts so a to give freer sweep to the
yards.
||Ca*thar"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr.
&?;. See Cathartic.] (Med.) A natural or
artificial purgation of any passage, as of the mouth, bowels,
etc.
{ Ca*thar"tic (?), Ca*thar"ic*al (?), }
a. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to cleanse, fr. &?; pure;
akin to F. chaste.] 1. (Med.)
Cleansing the bowels; promoting evacuations by stool;
purgative.
2. Of or pertaining to the purgative
principle of senna, as cathartic acid.
Ca*thar"tic, n. [Gr. &?;.]
(Med.) A medicine that promotes alvine discharges; a
purge; a purgative of moderate activity.
&fist; The cathartics are more energetic and certain in
action that the laxatives, which simply increase the
tendency to alvine evacuation; and less powerful and irritaint
that the drastic purges, which cause profuse, repeated,
and watery evacuations.
-- Ca*thar"tic*al*ly, adv. --
Ca*thar"tic*al*ness, n.
ca*thar"tin (?), n. (Chem.)
The bitter, purgative principle of senna. It is a glucoside
with the properties of a weak acid; -- called also cathartic
acid, and cathartina.
Ca*thay" (?), n. China; -- an
old name for the Celestial Empire, said have been introduced by
Marco Polo and to be a corruption of the Tartar name for North
China (Khitai, the country of the Khitans.)
Better fifty years of Europe than a cycle of
Cathay.
Tennyson.
Cat"head` (?), n. (Naut.)
A projecting piece of timber or iron near the bow of vessel,
to which the anchor is hoisted and secured.
||Cath"e*dra (?), n. [L., fr. Gr.
&?; seat. See Chair.] The official chair or throne of
a bishop, or of any person in high authority.
Ex cathedra [L., from the chair], in the
exercise of one's office; with authority.
The Vatican Council declares that the Pope, is
infallible "when he speaks ex cathedra."
Addis & Arnold's Cath. Dict.
Ca*the"dral (?), n. [LL.
cathedralis (sc. ecclesia): cf. F.
cathédrale. See Cathedra.] The
principal church in a diocese, so called because in it the bishop
has his official chair (Cathedra) or throne.
Ca*the"dral, a. [LL.
cathedralis: cf. F. cathédral.]
1. Pertaining to the head church of a
diocese; as, a cathedral church; cathedral
service.
2. Emanating from the chair of office, as
of a pope or bishop; official; authoritative.
Now, what solemnity can be more required for the
pope to make a cathedral determination of an article!
Jer. Taylor.
3. Resembling the aisles of a cathedral;
as, cathedral walks. Pope.
Cath`e*dral"ic (?), a.
Cathedral. [R.]
Cath`e*dra"ted (?), a. [From
Cathedra.] Relating to the chair or office of a
teacher. [Obs.]
Cath`e*ret"ic (?), n. [Gr. &?;, fr.
&?; to bring down or raze; &?; down + &?; to take.] (Med.)
A mild kind caustic used to reduce warts and other
excrescences. Dunglison.
Cath"er*ine wheel` (?). [So called from St.
Catherine of Alexandria, who is represented with a
wheel, in allusion to her martyrdom.] 1.
(Geoth.Arth.) Same as Rose window and Wheel
window. Called also Catherine-wheel window.
2. (Pyrotechny) A revolving piece
of fireworks resembling in form the window of the same
name. [Written also Catharine wheel.]
Cath"e*ter (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;
a thing let down or put in, catheter, fr. &?; to send down, to
let down; &?; + &?; to send.] (Med.) The name of
various instruments for passing along mucous canals, esp. applied
to a tubular instrument to be introduced into the bladder through
the urethra to draw off the urine.
Eustachian catheter. See under
Eustachian. -- Prostatic catheter,
one adapted for passing an enlarged prostate.
{ Cath"e*ter*ism (?), Cath`e*ter*i*za"tion
(?), } n. (Med.) The operation of
introducing a catheter.
Cath"e*ter*ize (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Catheterized (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Catheterizing.]
(Med.) To operate on with a catheter.
Dunglison.
Cath`e*tom"e*ter (?), n. [From Gr.
&?; vertical height + -meter.] An instrument for the
accurate measurement of small differences of height; esp. of the
differences in the height of the upper surfaces of two columns of
mercury or other fluid, or of the same column at different times.
It consists of a telescopic leveling apparatus (d), which
slides up or down a perpendicular metallic standard very finely
graduated (bb). The telescope is raised or depressed in
order to sight the objects or surfaces, and the differences in
vertical height are thus shown on the graduated standard.
[Written also kathetometer.]
||Cath"e*tus (?), n.; pl.
catheti (#). [L., fr. Gr. &?; a perpendicular
line, fr. &?; let down, fr. &?;. See Catheter.]
(Geom.) One line or radius falling perpendicularly on
another; as, the catheti of a right-angled triangle, that
is, the two sides that include the right angle.
Barlow.
Cath"ode (?), n. [Gr. &?; descent;
&?; down + &?; way.] (Physics) The part of a voltaic
battery by which the electric current leaves substances through
which it passes, or the surface at which the electric current
passes out of the electrolyte; the negative pole; -- opposed to
anode. Faraday.
Cathode ray (Phys.), a kind of
ray generated at the cathode in a vacuum tube, by the electrical
discharge.
Ca*thod"ic (k&adot;*th&obreve;d"&ibreve;k),
a. (Physiol.) A term applied to the
centrifugal, or efferent, course of the nervous influence.
Marshall Hall.
Cat"-hole` (kăt"hōl`),
n. (Naut.) One of two small holes
astern, above the gunroom ports, through which hawsers may be
passed.
Cath"o*lic (kăth"&osl;*&ibreve;k),
a. [L. catholicus, Gr.
kaqoliko`s, universal, general; kata` down,
wholly + "o`los whole, probably akin to E.
solid: cf. F. catholique.] 1.
Universal or general; as, the catholic
faith.
Men of other countries [came] to bear their part
in so great and catholic a war.
Southey.
&fist; This epithet, which is applicable to the whole
Christian church, or its faith, is claimed by Roman Catholics to
belong especially to their church, and in popular usage is so
limited.
2. Not narrow-minded, partial, or
bigoted; liberal; as, catholic tastes.
3. Of or pertaining to, or affecting the
Roman Catholics; as, the Catholic emancipation
act.
Catholic epistles, the epistles of the
apostles which are addressed to all the faithful, and not to a
particular church; being those of James, Peter, Jude, and
John.
Cath"o*lic, n. 1.
A person who accepts the creeds which are received in common
by all parts of the orthodox Christian church.
2. An adherent of the Roman Catholic
church; a Roman Catholic.
Old Catholic, the name assumed in 1870
by members of the Roman Catholic church, who denied the
ecumenical character of the Vatican Council, and rejected its
decrees, esp. that concerning the infallibility of the pope, as
contrary to the ancient Catholic faith.
Ca*thol"i*cal (?), a.
Catholic. [Obs.]
Ca*thol"i*cism (?), n. [Cf. F.
catholicisme.]
1. The state or quality of being catholic
or universal; catholicity. Jer. Taylor.
2. Liberality of sentiment; breadth of
view.
3. The faith of the whole orthodox
Christian church, or adherence thereto.
4. The doctrines or faith of the Roman
Catholic church, or adherence thereto.
Cath`o*lic"i*ty (?), n.
1. The state or quality of being catholic;
universality.
2. Liberality of sentiments;
catholicism.
3. Adherence or conformity to the system
of doctrine held by all parts of the orthodox Christian church;
the doctrine so held; orthodoxy.
4. Adherence to the doctrines of the
church of Rome, or the doctrines themselves.
Ca*thol"i*cize (?), v. t. & i.
To make or to become catholic or Roman Catholic.
Cath"o*lic*ly (?), adv. In a
catholic manner; generally; universally. Sir L.
Cary.
Cath"o*lic*ness, n. The
quality of being catholic; universality; catholicity.
Ca*thol"i*con (?), n. [Gr. &?;,
neut. &?;, universal. See Catholic.] (Med.) A
remedy for all diseases; a panacea.
||Ca*thol"i*cos (?), n. [NL. See
Catholic.] (Eccl.) The spiritual head of the
Armenian church, who resides at Etchmiadzin, Russia, and has
ecclesiastical jurisdiction over, and consecrates the holy oil
for, the Armenians of Russia, Turkey, and Persia, including the
Patriarchs of Constantinople, Jerusalem, and Sis.
&fist; The Patriarch of Constantinople is the civil
head of the Armenians in Turkey.
Cat`i*li*na"ri*an (?), a. [L.
Catilinarius.] Pertaining to Catiline, the Roman
conspirator; resembling Catiline's conspiracy.
Cat"i*on (?), n. [Gr. &?; downward
+ &?; going, p. pr. of &?; to go.] (Chem.) An
electro-positive substance, which in electro-decomposition is
evolved at the cathode; -- opposed to anion.
Faraday.
Cat"kin (?), n. [Cat + -
kin.] (Bot.) An ament; a species of
inflorescence, consisting of a slender axis with many unisexual
apetalous flowers along its sides, as in the willow and poplar,
and (as to the staminate flowers) in the chestnut, oak, hickory,
etc. -- so called from its resemblance to a cat's tail. See
Illust. of Ament.
Cat"like` (?), a. Like a cat;
stealthily; noiselessly.
Cat"ling (?), n. [Cat + -
ing.] 1. A little cat; a kitten.
"Cat nor catling." Drummond.
2. Catgut; a catgut string. [R.]
Shak.
3. (Surg.) A double-edged, sharp-
pointed dismembering knife. [Spelt also catlin.]
Crobb.
Cat"lin*ite (?), n. [From George
Catlin, an American traveler.] A red clay from the
Upper Missouri region, used by the Indians for their
pipes.
{ Cat"nip` (?), Cat"mint` (?), }
n. (Bot.) A well-know plant of the
genus Nepeta (N. Cataria), somewhat like mint,
having a string scent, and sometimes used in medicine. It is so
called because cats have a peculiar fondness for it.
Cat`o-ca*thar"tic (?), n. [Gr. &?;
down + &?; serving to purge. See Cathartic.] (Med.)
A remedy that purges by alvine discharges.
Ca*to"ni*an (?), a. [L.
Catonionus.] Of, pertaining to, or resembling, the
stern old Roman, Cato the Censor; severe; inflexible.
Cat" o' nine" tails`. See under
Cat.
{ Ca*top"ter (?), Ca*top"tron (?), }
n. [Gr. &?; mirror, fr. &?; visible.] A
reflecting optical glass or instrument; a mirror.
[Obs.]
{ Ca*top"tric (?), Ca*top"tric*al (?), }
a. [Gr. &?;. See Catopter.] Of or
pertaining to catoptrics; produced by reflection.
Catoptric light, a light in which the
rays are concentrated by reflectors into a beam visible at a
distance.
Ca*top"trics (?), n. [Cf. F.
catoptrique. See Catropric.] (Physics)
That part of optics which explains the properties and
phenomena of reflected light, and particularly that which is
reflected from mirrors or polished bodies; -- formerly called
anacamptics.
Ca*top"tro*man`cy (?), n. [Gr. &?;
mirror + -mancy. See Catopter.] (Antiq.)
A species of divination, which was performed by letting down
a mirror into water, for a sick person to look at his face in it.
If his countenance appeared distorted and ghastly, it was an ill
omen; if fresh and healthy, it was favorable.
Ca*top"tron (k&adot;*t&obreve;p"tr&obreve;n),
n. [Obs.] See Catopter.
Cat`pipe" (kăt"pīp`),
n. See Catcall.
Cat"-rigged` (?), a. Rigged
like a catboat.
Cat"-salt` (?), n. A sort of
salt, finely granulated, formed out of the bittern or leach
brine.
Cat's"-eye` (kăts"ī`),
n. (Min.) A variety of quartz or
chalcedony, exhibiting opalescent reflections from within, like
the eye of a cat. The name is given to other gems affording like
effects, esp. the chrysoberyl.
Cat's`-foot (?), n. (Bot.)
A plant (Nepeta Glechoma) of the same genus with
catnip; ground ivy.
Cat"-sil`ver (?), n.
Mica. [Archaic]
Cats"kill pe`ri*od (?). (Geol.) The
closing subdivision of the Devonian age in America. The rocks of
this period are well developed in the Catskill mountains, and
extend south and west under the Carboniferous formation. See the
Diagram under Geology.
Cat"so (?), n.; pl.
Catsos (#). [It. cazzo.] A base
fellow; a rogue; a cheat. [Obs.] B. Jonson.
Cat's"-paw` (?), n.
1. (Naut.) (a) A
light transitory air which ruffles the surface of the water
during a calm, or the ripples made by such a puff of air.
(b) A particular hitch or turn in the bight
of a rope, into which a tackle may be hooked.
2. A dupe; a tool; one who, or that
which, is used by another as an instrument to a accomplish his
purposes.
&fist; In this sense the term refers to the fable of the
monkey using the cat's paw to draw the roasting chestnuts out of
the fire.
Cat's"-tail (?), n. See
Timothy, Cat-tail, Cirrus.
Cat"stick` (?), n. A stick or
club employed in the game of ball called cat or
tipcat. Massinger.
Cat"stitch (?), v. t.
(Needlework) To fold and sew down the edge of with a
coarse zigzag stitch.
Cat"sup (?), n. Same as
Catchup, and Ketchup.
Cat"-tail (?), n. (Bot.)
A tall rush or flag (Typha latifolia) growing in
marshes, with long, flat leaves, and having its flowers in a
close cylindrical spike at the top of the stem. The leaves are
frequently used for seating chairs, making mats, etc. See
Catkin.
&fist; The lesser cat-tail is Typha
angustifolia.
Cat"tish (kăt"t&ibreve;sh),
a. Catlike; feline
Drummond.
Cat"tle (kăt"t'l), n. pl.
[OE. calet, chatel, goods, property, OF.
catel, chatel, LL. captale, capitale,
goods, property, esp. cattle, fr. L. capitals relating to
the head, chief; because in early ages beasts constituted the
chief part of a man's property. See Capital, and cf.
Chattel.] Quadrupeds of the Bovine family; sometimes,
also, including all domestic quadrupeds, as sheep, goats, horses,
mules, asses, and swine.
Belted cattle, Black
cattle. See under Belted, Black.
-- Cattle guard, a trench under a railroad
track and alongside a crossing (as of a public highway). It is
intended to prevent cattle from getting upon the track. --
cattle louse (Zoöl.), any
species of louse infecting cattle. There are several species. The
Hæmatatopinus eurysternus and H. vituli are
common species which suck blood; Trichodectes scalaris
eats the hair. -- Cattle plague, the
rinderpest; called also Russian cattle plague. --
Cattle range, or Cattle
run, an open space through which cattle may run or
range. [U. S.] Bartlett. -- Cattle
show, an exhibition of domestic animals with prizes
for the encouragement of stock breeding; -- usually accompanied
with the exhibition of other agricultural and domestic products
and of implements.
Cat"ty (?), n. [Malay
katī. See Caddy.] An East Indian Weight
of 1⅓ pounds.
Cau*ca"sian (?), a.
1. Of or pertaining to the Caucasus, a
mountainous region between the Black and Caspian seas.
2. Of or pertaining to the white races of
mankind, of whom the people about Mount Caucasus were formerly
taken as the type.
Cau*ca"sian, n. 1.
A native or inhabitant of the Caucasus, esp. a Circassian or
Georgian.
2. A member of any of the white races of
mankind.
Cau"cus (?), n. [Etymology
uncertain. Mr. J. H. Trumbull finds the origin of caucus
in the N. A. Indian word cawcawwassough or caú
cau-as'u one who urges or pushes on, a promoter. See citation
for an early use of the word caucus.] A meeting,
especially a preliminary meeting, of persons belonging to a
party, to nominate candidates for public office, or to select
delegates to a nominating convention, or to confer regarding
measures of party policy; a political primary meeting.
This day learned that the caucus club
meets, at certain times, in the garret of Tom Dawes, the adjutant
of the Boston regiment.
John Adams's Diary [Feb. , 1763].
Cau"cus, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Caucused (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Caucusing.] To hold, or meet in, a
caucus or caucuses.
Cau"dad (?), adv. [L. cauda
tail + ad to.] (Zoöl.) Backwards; toward
the tail or posterior part.
||Cau"da gal*li, (&?;). [L., tail of a cock.]
(Paleon.) A plume-shaped fossil, supposed to be a
seaweed, characteristic of the lower Devonian rocks; as, the
cauda galli grit.
Cauda galli epoch (Geol.), an
epoch at the begining of the Devonian age in eastern America, so
named from the characteristic gritty sandstone marked with
impressions of cauda galli. See the Diagram under
Geology.
Cau"dal (?), a. [L. Cauda
tail. Cf. Coward.] Of the nature of, or pertaining
to, a tail; having a tail-like appendage.
The male widow-bird, remarkable for his
caudal plumes.
Darwin.
Caudal fin (Zoöl.), the
terminal fin (or "tail") of a fish.
||Cau*da"ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr.
L. cauda tail.] (Zoöl.) See
Urodela.
{ Cau"date (?), Cau"da*ted (?). }
a. [L. cauda tail.] Having a tail;
having a termination like a tail.
||Cau"dex (?), n.; pl. L.
Caudices (#), E. Caudexes
(#). [L.] (Bot.) The stem of a tree., esp. a stem
without a branch, as of a palm or a tree fern; also, the
perennial rootstock of an herbaceous plant.
{ Cau"di*cle (?), ||Cau*dic"u*la (?), }
n. [Dim. of L. cauda tail, appendage.]
(Bot.) A slender, elastic process, to which the
masses of pollen in orchidaceous plants are attached.
Cau"dle (?), n. [OF. caudel,
F. chaudeau, dim. of LL calidum a sweet drink, fr.
L. caidus warm. See Caldron.] A kind of warm
drink for sick persons, being a mixture of wine with eggs, bread,
sugar, and spices.
Cau"dle, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Caudled (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Caudling (?).] 1. To
make into caudle.
2. Too serve as a caudle to; to
refresh. [R.] Shak.
Cauf (?), n. [Perh. akin to Celtic
caff, cav, cau, L. cavus hollow, or
to L. caphinus, Gr. &?; basket.] A chest with holes
for keeping fish alive in water. Philips.
Cau"fle, n. A gang of slaves.
Same as Coffle.
Caught (k&add;t), imp. & p. p.
of Catch.
{ Cauk (k&add;k), n.,
Cauk"er (-&etilde;r), } n. See
Cawk, Calker.
Caul (k&add;l), n. [OE.
calle, kelle, prob. fr. F. cale; cf. Ir.
calla a veil.] 1. A covering of
network for the head, worn by women; also, a net.
Spenser.
2. (Anat.) The fold of membrane
loaded with fat, which covers more or less of the intestines in
mammals; the great omentum. See Omentum.
The caul serves for the warming of the
lower belly.
Ray.
3. A part of the amnion, one of the
membranes enveloping the fetus, which sometimes is round the head
of a child at its birth.
It is deemed lucky to be with a caul or
membrane over the face. This caul is esteemed an
infallible preservative against drowning . . . According to
Chysostom, the midwives frequently sold it for magic uses.
Grose.
I was born with a caul, which was
advertised for sale, in the newspapers, at the low price of
fifteen guineas.
Dickens.
Cau*les"cent (?), a. [L.
caulis stalk, stem: cf. F. caulescent.]
(Bot.) Having a leafy stem.
Cau"li*cle (?), n. (Bot.)
A short caulis or stem, esp. the rudimentary stem seen in
the embryo of seed; -- otherwise called a
radicle.
||Cau*lic"u*lus (k&add;*l&ibreve;k"&usl;*lŭs),
n.; pl. Cauliculi (-
lī). [L. cauliculus little stalk, dim. of
caulis.] (Arch.) In the Corinthian capital,
one of the eight stalks rising out of the lower leafage and
terminating in leaves which seem to support the volutes. See
Illust. of Corinthian order, under
Corinthian.
Cau"li*flow`er (?), n. [F.
choufleur, modified by E. Cole. L. caulis,
and by E. flower; F. chou cabbage is fr. L.
caulis stalk, cabbage, and fleur flower is fr. L.
flos flower. See Cole, and Flower.]
1. (Bot.) An annual variety of
Brassica oleracea, or cabbage, of which the cluster of
young flower stalks and buds is eaten as a vegetable.
2. The edible head or "curd" of a
cauliflower plant.
Cau"li*form (?), a. [L.
caulis + -form.] (Bot.) Having the form
of a caulis.
Cau"line (?), a. (Bot.)
Growing immediately on a caulis; of or pertaining to a
caulis.
||Cau"lis (?), n.; L. pl.
Caules (#). [L., a stem.] (Bot.) An
herbaceous or woody stem which bears leaves, and may bear
flowers.
Caulk (?), v. t. & n. See
Calk.
Cau`lo*car"pous (?), a. [Gr. &?;
stem + karpo`s fruit.] (Bot.) Having stems
which bear flowers and fruit year after year, as most trees and
shrubs.
||Cau"ma (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?; a
burning heat.] (Med.) Great heat, as of the body in
fever.
Cau"po*nize (?), v. i. [L.
cauponari, fr. caupo huckster, innkeeper.] To
sell wine or victuals. [Obs.] Warburfon.
Caus"a*ble (?), a. Capable of
being caused.
Caus"al (?), a. [L.
causalis. See Cause.] Relating to a cause or
causes; inplying or containing a cause or causes; expressing a
cause; causative.
Causal propositions are where two
propositions are joined by causal words.
Watts.
Caus"al, n. A causal word or
form of speech.
Anglo-Saxon drencan to drench,
causal of Anglo-Saxon drincan to drink.
Skeat.
Cau*sal"i*ty (?), n.; pl.
Causalities (&?;). 1. The agency of a
cause; the action or power of a cause, in producing its
effect.
The causality of the divine mind.
Whewell.
2. (Phren.) The faculty of tracing
effects to their causes. G. Combe.
Caus"al*ly (?), adv. According
to the order or series of causes; by tracing effects to
causes.
Caus"al*ly (?), n. (Mining.)
The lighter, earthy parts of ore, carried off
washing.
Cau*sa"tion (?), n. The act of
causing; also the act or agency by which an effect is
produced.
The kind of causation by which vision is
produced.
Whewell.
Law of universal causation, the
theoretical or asserted law that every event or phenomenon
results from, or is the sequel of, some previous event or
phenomenon, which being present, the other is certain to take
place.
Cau*sa"tion*ist, n. One who
believes in the law of universal causation.
Caus"a*tive (?), a. [L.
causativus pertaining to a lawsuit (causa), but in
the English sense from E. cause.] 1.
Effective, as a cause or agent; causing.
Causative in nature of a number of
effects.
Bacon.
2. Expressing a cause or reason; causal;
as, the ablative is a causative case.
Caus"a*tive (k&add;"z&adot;*t&ibreve;v),
n. A word which expresses or suggests a
cause.
Caus"a*tive*ly, adv. In a
causative manner.
Cau*sa"tor (k&add;*zā"t&obreve;r),
n. [See Cause.] One who
causes. [R.] Sir T. Browne.
Cause (k&add;z), n. [F.
cause, fr. L. causa. Cf. Cause,
v., Kickshaw.] 1.
That which produces or effects a result; that from which
anything proceeds, and without which it would not
exist.
Cause is substance exerting its power into
act, to make one thing begin to be.
Locke.
2. That which is the occasion of an
action or state; ground; reason; motive; as, cause for
rejoicing.
3. Sake; interest; advantage.
[Obs.]
I did it not for his cause.
2 Cor. vii. 12.
4. (Law) A suit or action in
court; any legal process by which a party endeavors to obtain his
claim, or what he regards as his right; case; ground of
action.
5. Any subject of discussion or debate;
matter; question; affair in general.
What counsel give you in this weighty
cause!
Shak.
6. The side of a question, which is
espoused, advocated, and upheld by a person or party; a principle
which is advocated; that which a person or party seeks to
attain.
God befriend us, as our cause is just.
Shak.
The part they take against me is from zeal to the
cause.
Burke.
Efficient cause, the agent or force that
produces a change or result. -- Final
cause, the end, design, or object, for which
anything is done. -- Formal cause, the
elements of a conception which make the conception or the thing
conceived to be what it is; or the idea viewed as a formative
principle and coöperating with the matter. --
Material cause, that of which anything is
made. -- Proximate cause. See under
Proximate. -- To make common cause
with, to join with in purposes and aims.
Macaulay.
Syn. -- Origin; source; mainspring; motive; reason;
incitement; inducement; purpose; object; suit; action.
Cause, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Caused (?); p. pr. & v. n.
Causing.] [F. causer, fr. cause, fr. L.
causa. See Cause, n., and cf.
Acouse.] To effect as an agent; to produce; to be the
occasion of; to bring about; to bring into existence; to make; --
usually followed by an infinitive, sometimes by that with
a finite verb.
I will cause it to rain upon the earth
forty days.
Gen. vii. 4.
Cause that it be read also in the church of
the Laodiceans.
Col. iv. 16.
Syn. -- To create; produce; beget; effect; occasion;
originate; induce; bring about.
Cause, v. i. To assign or show
cause; to give a reason; to make excuse. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Cause, conj. Abbreviation of
Because. B. Jonson.
Cause"ful (?), n. Having a
cause. [Obs.]
Cause"less, a. 1. Self-
originating; uncreated.
2. Without just or sufficient reason;
groundless.
My fears are causeless and ungrounded.
Denham.
Cause"less, adv. Without cause
or reason.
Cause"less*ness, n. The state
of being causeless.
Caus"er (?), n. One who or
that which causes.
||Cau`seuse" (k&osl;`z&etilde;z"),
n. [F., fr. causer to talk.] A kind
of sofa for two persons. A tête-à-
tête.
{ Cause"way (k&add;z"w&asl;), Cau"sey
((k&add;"z&ybreve;), } n. [OE. cauci,
cauchie, OF. cauchie, F. chaussée,
from LL. (via) calciata, fr calciare to make
a road, either fr. L. calx lime, hence, to pave with
limestone (cf. E. chalk), or from L. calceus shoe,
from calx heel, hence, to shoe, pave, or wear by
treading.] A way or road raised above the natural level of
the ground, serving as a dry passage over wet or marshy
ground.
But that broad causeway will direct your
way.
Dryden.
The other way Satan went down
The causey to Hell-gate.
Milton.
{ Cause"wayed (?), Cau"seyed (?). }
a. Having a raised way (causeway or
causey); paved. Sir W. Scott. C. Bronté.
Cau*sid"i*cal (?), a. [L.
causidicakis; causa a cause in law + dicare
to say.] Pertaining to an advocate, or to the maintenance
and defense of suits.
{ Caus"tic (?), Caus"tic*al (?), }
a. [L. caustucs, Ge. &?;, fr. &?; to
burn. Cf. Calm, Ink.] 1.
Capable of destroying the texture of anything or eating away
its substance by chemical action; burning; corrosive;
searing.
2. Severe; satirical; sharp; as, a
caustic remark.
Caustic curve (Optics), a curve
to which the ray of light, reflected or refracted by another
curve, are tangents, the reflecting or refracting curve and the
luminous point being in one plane. -- Caustic
lime. See under Lime. --
Caustic potash, Caustic soda
(Chem.), the solid hydroxides potash, KOH, and soda,
NaOH, or solutions of the same. -- Caustic
silver, nitrate of silver, lunar caustic. --
Caustic surface (Optics), a surface
to which rays reflected or refracted by another surface are
tangents. Caustic curves and surfaces are called
catacaustic when formed by reflection, and
diacaustic when formed by refraction.
Syn. -- Stinging; cutting; pungent; searching.
Cau"stic, n. [L. causticum
(sc. medicamentum). See Caustic,
a.] 1. Any substance or
means which, applied to animal or other organic tissue, burns,
corrodes, or destroys it by chemical action; an
escharotic.
2. (Optics) A caustic curve or
caustic surface.
Caus"tic*al*ly, adv. In a
caustic manner.
Caus*tic"i*ly (?), n.
1. The quality of being caustic;
corrosiveness; as, the causticity of potash.
2. Severity of language; sarcasm; as, the
causticity of a reply or remark.
Caus"tic*ness (?), n. The
quality of being caustic; causticity.
Cau"tel (?), n. [F.
cautèle, L. cautela, fr. cavere to be
on one's guard, to take care.] 1. Caution;
prudence; wariness. [Obs.] Fulke.
2. Craft; deceit; falseness. [Obs.]
Shak.
Cau"te*lous (?), a. [F.
cauteleux, LL. cautelosus. See Cautel.]
1. Caution; prudent; wary. [Obs.]
"Cautelous, though young." Drayton.
2. Crafty; deceitful; false. [Obs.]
Shak.
-- Cau"te*lous*ly, adv. --
Cau"te*lous*ness, n. [Obs.]
Cau"ter (?), n. [F.
cautère, L. cauterium, fr. Gr. &?; a
branding iron, fr. &?; to burn. Cf. Caustic,
Cautery.] A hot iron for searing or
cauterizing. Minsheu.
Cau"ter*ant (?), n. A
cauterizing substance.
Cau"ter*ism (?), n. The use or
application of a caustic; cautery. Ferrand.
Cau`ter*i*za"tion (?), n. [Cf. F.
cautèrisation.] (Med.) The act of
searing some morbid part by the application of a cautery or
caustic; also, the effect of such application.
Cau"ter*ize (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Cauterized (?); p.
pr. & vb. n. Cauterizing.] [L.
cauterizare, Gr. &?;, fr. a branding iron: cf. F.
cautérised.. See cauter.] 1.
To burn or sear with a cautery or caustic.
Dunglison.
2. To sear, as the conscience.
Jer. Taylor.
Cau"ter*y (?), n.; pl.
Cauteries (#). [L. cauterium, Gr. &?;.
See Cauter.] 1. (Med.) A
burning or searing, as of morbid flesh, with a hot iron, or by
application of a caustic that will burn, corrode, or destroy
animal tissue.
2. The iron of other agent in
cauterizing.
Actual cautery, a substance or agent (as
a hot iron) which cauterizes or sears by actual heat; or the
burning so effected. -- Potential cautery,
a substance which cauterizes by chemical action; as, lunar
caustic; also, the cauterizing produced by such
substance.
Cau"tion (?), n. [F. caution
a security, L. cautio, fr. cavere (For
scavere) to be on one's guard, to take care (orig.) to be
on the watch, see; akin to E. show.] 1.
A careful attention to the probable effects of an act, in
order that failure or harm may be avoided; prudence in regard to
danger; provident care; wariness.
2. Security; guaranty; bail.
[R.]
The Parliament would yet give his majesty
sufficient caution that the war should be prosecuted.
Clarendon.
3. Precept or warning against evil of any
kind; exhortation to wariness; advice; injunction.
In way of caution I must tell you.
Shak.
Caution money, money deposited by way of
security or guaranty, as by a student at an English
university.
Syn. -- Care; forethought; forecast; heed; prudence;
watchfulness; vigilance; circumspection; anxiety; providence;
counsel; advice; warning; admonition.
Cau"tion v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Cautioned (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Cautioning.] To give notice of danger
to; to warn; to exhort [one] to take heed.
You cautioned me against their charms.
Swift.
Cau"tion*a*ry (?), a.
1. Conveying a caution, or warning to avoid
danger; as, cautionary signals.
2. Given as a pledge or as
security.
He hated Barnevelt, for his getting the
cautionary towns out of his hands.
Bp. Burnet.
3. Wary; cautious. [Obs.]
Bacon.
Cau"tion*er (?), n.
1. One who cautions or advises.
2. (Scots Law) A surety or
sponsor.
Cau"tion*ry (?), n. (Scots
Law) Suretyship.
Cau"tious (?), a. [Cf. L.
cautus, fr. caver. See Caution.]
Attentive to examine probable effects and consequences of
acts with a view to avoid danger or misfortune; prudent;
circumspect; wary; watchful; as, a cautious
general.
Cautious feeling for another's pain.
Byron.
Be swift to hear; but cautious of your
tongue.
Watts.
Syn. -- Wary; watchful; vigilant; prudent; circumspect;
discreet; heedful; thoughtful; scrupulous; anxious; careful. --
Cautious, Wary, Circumspect. A man is
cautious who realizes the constant possibility of danger;
one may be wary, and yet bold and active; a man who is
circumspect habitually examines things on every side in
order to weigh and deliberate. It is necessary to be
cautious at all times; to be wary in cases of
extraordinary danger; to be circumspect in matters of
peculiar delicacy and difficulty.
Cau"tious*ly, adv. In a
cautious manner.
Cau"tious*ness, n. The quality
of being cautious.
Cav"al*cade` (?), n. [F.
cavalcade, fr. It. cavalcata, fr. cavalcare
to go on horseback, fr. LL. caballicare, fr. L.
caballus an inferior horse, Gr. &?;. Cf. Cavalier,
Cavalry.] A procession of persons on horseback; a
formal, pompous march of horsemen by way of parade.
He brought back war-worn cavalcade to the
city.
Prescott.
{ Cav`a*le"ro, Cav`a*lie"ro
(kăv`&adot;*lē"ro), } n. [Sp.
caballero. See Cavalier.] A cavalier; a
gallant; a libertine. Shak.
Cav`a*lier" (kăv`&adot;*lēr"),
n. [F. cavalier, It. cavaliere,
LL. caballarius, fr. L. caballus. See
Cavalcade, and cf. Chevalier, Caballine.]
1. A military man serving on horseback; a
knight.
2. A gay, sprightly, military man; hence,
a gallant.
3. One of the court party in the time of
king Charles I. as contrasted with a Roundhead or an adherent of
Parliament. Clarendon.
4. (Fort.) A work of more than
ordinary height, rising from the level ground of a bastion, etc.,
and overlooking surrounding parts.
Cav`a*lier", a. Gay; easy;
offhand; frank.
The plodding, persevering scupulous accuracy of
the one, and the easy, cavalier, verbal fluency of the
other, form a complete contrast.
Hazlitt.
2. High-spirited. [Obs.] "The
people are naturally not valiant, and not much cavalier."
Suckling.
3. Supercilious; haughty; disdainful;
curt; brusque.
4. Of or pertaining to the party of King
Charles I. "An old Cavalier family."
Beaconsfield.
Cav`a*lier"ish (?), a.
Somewhat like a cavalier.
Cav`a*lier"ism (?), n. The
practice or principles of cavaliers. Sir. W.
Scott.
Cav`a*lier"ly, adv. In a
supercilious, disdainful, or haughty manner; arrogantly.
Junius.
Cav`a*lier"ness, n. A
disdainful manner.
Ca*val"ly (?), n. [Cf. Pg.
cavalla a kind of fish; Sp. caballa; prob. fr. Pg.
cavallo horse, Sp. caballa.] (Zoöl.)
A carangoid fish of the Atlantic coast (Caranx
hippos): -- called also horse crevallé. [See
Illust. under Carangoid.]
Cav"al*ry (?), n. [F.
cavalerie, fr. It. cavalleria. See Cavalier,
and cf. chivalry.] (Mil.) That part of
military force which serves on horseback.
&fist; Heavy cavalry and light cavalry are so
distinguished by the character of their armament, and by the size
of the men and horses.
Cav"al*ry*man (?), n.; pl.
Cavalrymen (&?;). One of a body of cavalry.
||Ca`va*ti"na (?), n. [It.]
(Mus.) Originally, a melody of simpler form than the
aria; a song without a second part and a da capo; -
- a term now variously and vaguely used.
Cave (kāv), n. [F.
cave, L. cavus hollow, whence cavea cavity.
Cf. Cage.] 1. A hollow place in the
earth, either natural or artificial; a subterraneous cavity; a
cavern; a den.
2. Any hollow place, or part; a
cavity. [Obs.] "The cave of the ear."
Bacon.
Cave bear (Zoöl.), a very
large fossil bear (Ursus spelæus) similar to the
grizzly bear, but large; common in European caves. --
Cave dweller, a savage of prehistoric times
whose dwelling place was a cave. Tylor. --
Cave hyena (Zoöl.), a fossil
hyena found abundanty in British caves, now usually regarded as a
large variety of the living African spotted hyena. --
Cave lion (Zoöl.), a fossil
lion found in the caves of Europe, believed to be a large variety
of the African lion. -- Bone cave. See
under Bone.
Cave, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Caved (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Caving.] [Cf. F. caver. See Cave,
n.] To make hollow; to scoop out.
[Obs.]
The mouldred earth cav'd the banke.
Spenser.
Cave, v. i. 1.
To dwell in a cave. [Obs.] Shak.
2. [See To cave in, below.] To
fall in or down; as, the sand bank caved. Hence (Slang),
to retreat from a position; to give way; to yield in a disputed
matter.
To cave in. [Flem. inkalven.]
(a) To fall in and leave a hollow, as earth
on the side of a well or pit. (b) To
submit; to yield. [Slang] H. Kingsley.
||Ca"ve*at (?), n. [L. caved
let him beware, pres. subj. of cavere to be on one's guard
to, beware.]
1. (Law) A notice given by an
interested party to some officer not to do a certain act until
the party is heard in opposition; as, a caveat entered in
a probate court to stop the proving of a will or the taking out
of letters of administration, etc. Bouvier.
2. (U. S. Patent Laws) A
description of some invention, designed to be patented, lodged in
the patent office before the patent right is applied for, and
operating as a bar to the issue of letters patent to any other
person, respecting the same invention.
&fist; A caveat is operative for one year only, but may
be renewed.
3. Intimation of caution; warning;
protest.
We think it right to enter our caveat
against a conclusion.
Jeffrey.
Caveat emptor [L.] (Law), let the
purchaser beware, i. e., let him examine the article he is
buying, and act on his own judgment.
Ca"ve*a`ting (?), n.
(Fencing) Shifting the sword from one side of an
adversary's sword to the other.
Ca"ve*a`tor (?), n. One who
enters a caveat.
Cav"en*dish (?), n. Leaf
tobacco softened, sweetened, and pressed into plugs or
cakes.
Cut cavendish, the plugs cut into long
shreds for smoking.
Cav"ern (?), n. [L. caverna,
fr. cavus hollow: cf. F. caverne.] A large,
deep, hollow place in the earth; a large cave.
Cav"erned (?), a.
1. Containing caverns.
The wolves yelled on the caverned hill.
Byron.
2. Living in a cavern.
"Caverned hermit." Pope.
Cav"ern*ous (?), a. [L.
cavernosus: cf. F. caverneux.] 1.
Full of caverns; resembling a cavern or large cavity;
hollow.
2. Filled with small cavities or
cells.
3. Having a sound caused by a
cavity.
Cavernous body, a body of erectile
tissue with large interspaces which may be distended with blood,
as in the penis or clitoris. -- Cavernous
respiration, a peculiar respiratory sound andible
on auscultation, when the bronchial tubes communicate with morbid
cavities in the lungs.
Ca*ver"nu*lous (?), a.[L.
cavernula, dim. of caverna cavern.] Full of
little cavities; as, cavernulous metal.
Black.
{ Cav"es*son (?), Cav"e*zon (?), }
n. [F. caveçon, augm. fr. LL.
capitium a head covering hood, fr. L. caput head.
Cf. Caberzon.] (Man.) A kind of noseband used
in breaking and training horses. [Written also
caveson, causson.] White.
||Ca*vet"to (k&adot;*v&ebreve;t"t&osl;),
n. [It. cavetto, fr. cavo hollow,
L. cavus.] (Arch.) A concave molding; -- used
chiefly in classical architecture. See Illust. of
Column.
{ Ca*viare" (?), Cav"i*ar (?), }
n. [F. caviar, fr. It. caviale,
fr. Turk. Havīār.] The roes of the
sturgeon, prepared and salted; -- used as a relish, esp. in
Russia.
&fist; Caviare was considered a delicacy, by some, in
Shakespeare's time, but was not relished by most. Hence Hamlet
says of a certain play. "'T was caviare to the general,"
i. e., above the taste of the common people.
Cav"i*corn (kăv"&ibreve;*kôrn),
a. [L. cavus hollow + cornu
horn.] (Zoöl.) Having hollow horns.
||Cav`i*cor"ni*a
(kăv`&ibreve;*kôr"n&ibreve;*&adot;), n.
pl. [NL.] (Zoöl.) A group of ruminants
whose horns are hollow, and planted on a bony process of the
front, as the ox.
Cav"il (kăv"&ibreve;l), v.
i. [imp. & p. p. Caviled or
Cavilled (&?;); p. pr. & vb. n.
Caviling or Cavilling.] [L. cavillari to
practice jesting, to censure, fr. cavilla bantering jests,
sophistry: cf. OF. caviller.] To raise captious and
frivolous objections; to find fault without good
reason.
You do not well in obstinacy
To cavil in the course of this contract.
Shak.
Cav"il, v. t. To cavil
at. [Obs.] Milton.
Cav"il, n. A captious or
frivolous objection.
All the cavils of prejudice and
unbelief.
Shak.
{ Cav"il*er or Cav"il*ler (-
&etilde;r), } n. One who cavils.
Cavilers at the style of the
Scriptures.
Boyle.
Cav"il*ing, a. Disposed to
cavil; finding fault without good reason. See
Captious.
His depreciatory and caviling
criticism.
Lewis.
Cav"il*ing*ly, adv. In a
caviling manner.
Cav`il*la"tion (-lā"shŭn),
n.[F. cavillation, L.
cavillatio.] Frivolous or sophistical
objection. [Obs.] Hooker.
{ Cav"il*ous or Cav"il*lous (?), }
a. [L. cavillosus.] Characterized
by caviling, or disposed to cavil; quibbing. [R.]
-- Cav"il*ous*ly, adv. [R.] --
Cav"il*ous*ness, n. [R.]
Cav"in (?), n. [F. See
Cave.] (Mil.) A hollow way, adapted to cover
troops, and facilitate their aproach to a place.
Farrow.
Cav"i*ta*ry (?), a.
(Zoöl.) Containing a body cavity; as, the
cavitary or nematoid worms.
Cav"i*ty (?), n.; pl.
Cavities (#). [L. cavus hollow: cf. F.
cavité.] 1. Hollowness.
[Obs.]
The cavity or hollowness of the place.
Goodwin.
2. A hollow place; a hollow; as, the
abdominal cavity.
An instrument with a small cavity, like a
small spoon
. Arbuthnot.
Abnormal spaces or excavations are frequently
formed in the lungs, which are designated cavities or
vomicæ.
Quain.
Body cavity, the cœlum. See under
Body.
Ca"vo-re*lie"vo (?), n. Cavo-
rilievo.
||Ca"vo-ri*lie"vo (?), n. [It.]
(Sculp.) Hollow relief; sculpture in relief within a
sinking made for the purpose, so no part of it projects beyond
the plain surface around.
Ca*vort" (?), v. i. [imp. &
p. p. Cavorted; p. pr. & vb.
n. Cavorting.] To prance ostentatiously; --
said of a horse or his rider. [Local slang, U. S.]
Ca"vy (?), n.; pl.
Cavies (&?;). [NL. cavia, fr. Brazilian
cabiai: cf. F. cabiai.] (Zoöl.) A
rodent of the genera Cavia and Dolichotis, as the
guinea pig (Cavia cobaya). Cavies are natives of South
America.
Water cavy (Zoöl.), The
capybara.
Caw (k&add;), v. i. [imp. &
p. p. Cawed (k&add;d); p. pr. & vb.
n. Cawing.] [Imitative. √22 Cf.
Chough.] To cry like a crow, rook, or
raven.
Rising and cawing at the gun's report.
Shak.
Caw, n. The cry made by the
crow, rook, or raven.
Cawk (k&add;k), n. [Prov. E.
cauk limestone. A doublet of chalk.] (Min.)
An opaque, compact variety of barite, or heavy spar.
[Also written cauk.]
Cawk"er (?), n. See
Calker.
Cawk"y, a. Of or pertaining to
cawk; like cawk.
Cax"on (?), n. A kind of
wig. [Obs.] Lamb.
Cax"ton (?), n. (Bibliog.)
Any book printed by William Caxton, the first English
printer. Hansard.
Cay (?), n. See Key, a
ledge.
Cay*enne (?), n. [From
Cayenne, a town and island in French Guiana, South
America.] Cayenne pepper.
Cayenne pepper. (a)
(Bot.) A species of Capsicum (C.
frutescens) with small and intensely pungent fruit.
(b) A very pungent spice made by drying and
grinding the fruits or seeds of several species of the genus
Capsicum, esp. C. annuum and C. Frutescens;
-- called also red pepper. It is used chiefly as a
condiment.
Cay"man (kā"man), n.
[From the language of Guiana: cf. Sp. caiman.]
(Zoöl.) The south America alligator. See
Alligator. [Sometimes written caiman.]
Ca*yu"gas (?), n. pl.; sing.
Cayuga. (Ethnol.) A tribe of
Indians formerly inhabiting western New-York, forming part of the
confederacy called the Five Nations.
Cay*use" (?), n. An Indian
pony. [Northw. U. S.]
{ Ca*zique", Ca*zic" } (?),
n. [Sp. Cacique, fr. the language of
Hayti.] A chief or petty king among some tribes of Indians
in America.
Cease (sēs), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Ceased (?); p. pr.
& vb. n. Ceasing.] [OE. cessen,
cesen, F. cesser, fr. L. cessare, v.
intemsive fr. cedere to withdraw. See Cede , and
cf. Cessation.] 1. To come to an end;
to stop; to leave off or give over; to desist; as, the noise
ceased. "To cease from strife." Prov. xx.
3.
2. To be wanting; to fail; to pass
away.
The poor shall never cease out of the
land.
Deut. xv. 11.
Syn. -- To intermit; desist; stop; abstain; quit;
discontinue; refrain; leave off; pause; end.
Cease, v. t. To put a stop to;
to bring to an end.
But he, her fears to cease
Sent down the meek-eyed peace.
Milton.
Cease, then, this impious rage.
Milton
Cease, n. Extinction.
[Obs.] Shak.
Cease"less, a. Without pause
or end; incessant.
Cease"less, adv. Without
intermission or end.
||Cec`i*do*my"i*a (?), n. [Nl., fr.
Gr. khki`s, &?;, a gall nut + myi^a a fly.]
(Zoöl.) A genus of small dipterous files,
including several very injurious species, as the Hessian fly. See
Hessian fly.
Ce"ci*ty (?), n. [L.
caecitas, fr. caecus blind: cf. F.
cécité.] Blindness. [R.] Sir
T. Browne.
Ce*cu"tien*cy (?), n. [L.
caecutire to be blind, fr. caecus blind.]
Partial blindness, or a tendency to blindness. [R.]
Sir T. Browne.
Ce"dar (sē"d&etilde;r), n.
[AS. ceder, fr. L. cedrus, Gr. ke`dros.]
(Bot.) The name of several evergreen trees. The wood
is remarkable for its durability and fragrant odor.
&fist; The cedar of Lebanon is the Cedrus Libani; the
white cedar (Cupressus thyoides) is now called
Chamœcyparis sphæroidea; American red cedar is
the Juniperus Virginiana; Spanish cedar, the West Indian
Cedrela odorata. Many other trees with odoriferous wood
are locally called cedar.
Cedar bird (Zoöl.), a
species of chatterer (Ampelis cedrorum), so named from its
frequenting cedar trees; -- called also cherry bird,
Canada robin, and American waxwing.
Ce"dar, a. Of or pertaining to
cedar.
Ce"dared (?), a. Covered, or
furnished with, cedars.
Ce"darn (?), a. Of or
pertaining to the cedar or its wood. [R.]
Cede (?), v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Ceded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Ceding.] [L. cedere to withdraw, yield; akin to
cadere to fall, and to E. chance; cf. F.
céder.] To yield or surrender; to give up; to
resign; as, to cede a fortress, a province, or country, to
another nation, by treaty.
The people must cede to the government some
of their natural rights.
Jay.
Ce*dil"la (?), n. [Sp.
cedilla, cf. F. cédille; dim. of
zeta, the Gr. name of the letter z, because this
letter was formerly written after the c, to give it the
sound of s.] A mark placed under the letter c
[thus, ç], to show that it is to be sounded like s,
as in façade.
Ce"drat (sē"drăt), n.
[Cf. F. cédrat. See Cedar.] (Bot.)
Properly the citron, a variety of Citrus medica, with
large fruits, not acid, and having a high perfume.
Ce"drene (sē"drēn), n.
(Chem.) A rich aromatic oil,
C15H24, extracted from oil of red cedar,
and regarded as a polymeric terpene; also any one of a class of
similar substances, as the essential oils of cloves, cubebs,
juniper, etc., of which cedrene proper is the type.
[Written also cedren.]
Ce"drine (sē"dr&ibreve;n; 277),
a. [L. cedrinus, Gr. &?;. See
Cedar.] Of or pertaining to cedar or the cedar
tree.
Ce"dri*ret (sē"dr&ibreve;*r&ebreve;t),
n. Same as
Cœrulignone.
Ce"dry (?), a. Of the nature
of cedar. [R.]
Ced"ule (?), n. [F.
cédule, fr. L. shedula. See Shedule.]
A scroll; a writing; a schedule. [Obs.]
Ced"u*ous (?), a. [L.
caeduus, fr. caedere to cut down.] Fit to be
felled. [Obs.] Eyelyn.
Ceil (sēl), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Ceiled (sēld);
p. pr. & vb. n. Ceiling.] [From an older
noun, fr. F. ciel heaven, canopy, fr. L. caelum
heaven, vault, arch, covering; cf. Gr. koi^los
hollow.] 1. To overlay or cover the inner
side of the roof of; to furnish with a ceiling; as, to
ceil a room.
The greater house he ceiled with fir
tree.
2 Chron. iii. 5
2. To line or finish a surface, as of a
wall, with plaster, stucco, thin boards, or the like.
Ceil"ing, n. [See Cell,
v. t.] 1. (Arch.)
(a) The inside lining of a room overhead;
the under side of the floor above; the upper surface opposite to
the floor. (b) The lining or finishing
of any wall or other surface, with plaster, thin boards, etc.;
also, the work when done.
2. (Naut.) The inner planking of a
vessel.
Camp ceiling. See under
Camp. -- Ceiling boards, Thin
narrow boards used to ceil with.
Ceint (?), n. [See
Cincture.] A girdle. [Obs.]
Cel"a*don (?), n. [F.] A pale
sea-green color; also, porcelain or fine pottery of this
tint.
Cel"an*dine (s&ebreve;l"ăn*dīn),
n. [OE. celidoine, OF. celidoine,
F. chélidoine, fr. L. chelidonia (sc.
herba), fr. chelidonius pertaining to the swallow,
Gr. chelido`nios, fr. chelidw`n the
swallow, akin to L. hirundo a swallow.] (Bot.)
A perennial herbaceous plant (Chelidonium majus) of
the poppy family, with yellow flowers. It is used as a medicine
in jaundice, etc., and its acrid saffron-colored juice is used to
cure warts and the itch; -- called also greater celandine
and swallowwort.
Lasser celandine, the pilewort
(Ranunculus Ficaria).
Cel"a*ture (?), n. [L.
caelatura, fr. caelare to engrave in relief.]
1. The act or art of engraving or
embossing.
2. That which is engraved. [Obs.]
Hakewill.
Cel"e*brant (?), n. [L.
celebrans, p. pr. of celebrare. See
Celebrate.] One who performs a public religious rite;
-- applied particularly to an officiating priest in the Roman
Catholic Church, as distinguished from his assistants.
Cel"e*brate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Celebrated; p. pr.
& vb. n. Celebrating.] [L. celebratus, p.
p. of celebrare to frequent, to celebrate, fr.
celeber famous.] 1. To extol or honor
in a solemn manner; as, to celebrate the name of the Most
High.
2. To honor by solemn rites, by
ceremonies of joy and respect, or by refraining from ordinary
business; to observe duly; to keep; as, to celebrate a
birthday.
From even unto even shall ye celebrate your
Sabbath.
Lev. xxiii. 32.
3. To perform or participate in, as a
sacrament or solemn rite; to solemnize; to perform with
appropriate rites; as, to celebrate a marriage.
Syn. -- To commemorate; distinguish; honor. -- To
Celebrate, Commemorate. We commemorate
events which we desire to keep in remembrance, when we recall
them by some special observace; as, to commemorate the
death of our Savior. We celebrate by demonstrations of joy
or solemnity or by appropriate ceremonies; as, to
celebrate the birthday of our Independence.
We are called upon to commemorate a
revolution as surprising in its manner as happy in its
consequences.
Atterbury.
Earth, water, air, and fire, with feeling
glee,
Exult to celebrate thy festival.
Thomson.
Cel"e*bra`ted (?), a. Having
celebrity; distinguished; renowned.
Celebrated for the politeness of his
manners.
Macaulay.
Syn. -- Distinguished; famous; noted; famed; renowned;
illustrious. See Distinguished.
Cel`e*bra"tion (?), n. [L.
celebratio.] The act, process, or time of
celebrating.
His memory deserving a particular
celebration.
Clarendok.
Celebration of Mass is equivalent to
offering Mass
Cath. Dict.
To hasten the celebration of their
marriage.
Sir P. Sidney.
Cel"e*bra`tor (?), n. [L.] One
who celebrates; a praiser. Boyle.
Ce*le"bri*ous (?), a.
Famous. [Obs.] Speed.
Ce*leb"ri*ty (?), n.; pl.
Celebrities (#). [L. celebritas: cf. F.
célébrité.] 1.
Celebration; solemnization. [Obs.]
The celebrity of the marriage.
Bacon.
2. The state or condition of being
celebrated; fame; renown; as, the celebrity of
Washington.
An event of great celebrity in the history
of astronomy.
Whewell.
3. A person of distinction or renown; --
usually in the plural; as, he is one of the celebrities of
the place.
Ce*le"ri*ac (?), n. (Bot.)
Turnip-rooted celery, a from of celery with a large globular
root, which is used for food.
Ce*ler"i*ty (?), n. [L.
celeritas, from celer swiftm speedy: sf. F.
célérité.] Rapidity of motion;
quickness; swiftness.
Time, with all its celerity, moves slowly
to him whose whole employment is to watch its flight.
Johnson.
Cel"er*y (?), n. [F.
céleri, cf. Prov. It. seleno, seler;
fr. Gr. &?; parsley, in Lgr. & NGr. celery. Cf.
Parsley.] (Bot.) A plant of the Parsley family
(Apium graveolens), of which the blanched leafstalks are
used as a salad.
Ce*les"tial (?), a. [OF.
celestial, celestied, fr. L. caelestic, fr.
caelum heaved. See Cell.] 1.
Belonging to the aërial regions, or visible
heavens. "The twelve celestial signs."
Shak.
2. Of or pertaining to the spiritual
heaven; heavenly; divine. "Celestial spirits."
"Celestial light," Milton.
Celestial city, heaven; the heavenly
Jerusalem. Bunyan. -- Celestial
empire, China; -- so called from the Chinese words,
tien chan, Heavenly Dynasty, as being the kingdom ruled
over by the dynasty appointed by heaven. S. W.
Williams.
Ce*les"tial, n. 1.
An inhabitant of heaven. Pope.
2. A native of China.
Ce*les"tial*ize (?), v. t. To
make celestial. [R.]
Ce*les"tial*ly, adv. In a
celestial manner.
Ce*les"ti*fy (?), v. t. [L.
caelestis heavenly + -fly.] To make like
heaven. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.
{ Cel"es*tine (?), Cel"es*tite (?), },
n. [LL. caelestinus bine.] (Min.)
Native strontium sulphate, a mineral so named from its
occasional delicate blue color. It occurs crystallized, also in
compact massive and fibrous forms.
{ Cel"es*tine (?), Cel`es*tin"i*an (?), }
n. (Eccl. Hist.) A monk of the
austere branch of the Franciscan Order founded by Celestine V. in
the 13th centry.
Ce"li*ac (?), a. (Anat.)
See Cœllac.
Ce*lib"a*cy (?), n. [See
Celibate, n.] The state of being
unmarried; single life, esp. that of a bachelor, or of one bound
by vows not to marry. "The celibacy of the clergy."
Hallom.
Cel"i*bate (?), n. [L.
aelibatus, fr. caelebs unmarried, single.]
1. Celibate state; celibacy.
[Obs.]
He . . . preferreth holy celibate before
the estate of marriage.
Jer. Taylor.
2. One who is unmarried, esp. a bachelor,
or one bound by vows not to marry.
Cel"i*bate, a. Unmarried;
single; as, a celibate state.
Ce*lib"a*tist (?), n. One who
lives unmarried. [R.]
Cel`i*dog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. &?;,
&?; stain, spot + -graphy: cf. F.
célidographie.] A description of apparent
spots on the disk of the sun, or on planets.
Cell (?), n. [OF. celle, fr.
L. cella; akin to celare to hide, and E.
hell, helm, conceal. Cf. Hall.]
1. A very small and close apartment, as in a
prison or in a monastery or convent; the hut of a
hermit.
The heroic confessor in his cell.
Macaulay.
2. A small religious house attached to a
monastery or convent. "Cells or dependent priories."
Milman.
3. Any small cavity, or hollow
place.
4. (Arch.) (a) The
space between the ribs of a vaulted roof.
(b) Same as Cella.
5. (Elec.) A jar of vessel, or a
division of a compound vessel, for holding the exciting fluid of
a battery.
6. (Biol.) One of the minute
elementary structures, of which the greater part of the various
tissues and organs of animals and plants are composed.
&fist; All cells have their origin in the primary cell from
which the organism was developed. In the lowest animal and
vegetable forms, one single cell constitutes the complete
individual, such being called unicelluter orgamisms. A
typical cell is composed of a semifluid mass of protoplasm, more
or less granular, generally containing in its center a nucleus
which in turn frequently contains one or more nucleoli, the whole
being surrounded by a thin membrane, the cell wall. In some
cells, as in those of blood, in the amœba, and in embryonic
cells (both vegetable and animal), there is no restricting cell
wall, while in some of the unicelluliar organisms the nucleus is
wholly wanting. See Illust. of Bipolar.
Air cell. See Air cell. --
Cell development (called also cell
genesis, cell formation, and cytogenesis), the
multiplication, of cells by a process of reproduction under the
following common forms; segmentation or fission,
gemmation or budding, karyokinesis, and
endogenous multiplication. See Segmentation,
Gemmation, etc. -- Cell theory.
(Biol.) See Cellular theory, under
Cellular.
Cell (s&ebreve;l), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Celled (s&ebreve;ld).]
To place or inclose in a cell. "Celled under
ground." [R.] Warner.
||Cel"la (?), n. [L.]
(Arch.) The part inclosed within the walls of an
ancient temple, as distinguished from the open
porticoes.
Cel"lar (?), n. [OE. celer,
OF. celier, F. celier, fr. L. cellarium a
receptacle for food, pantry, fr. cella storeroom. See
Cell.] A room or rooms under a building, and usually
below the surface of the ground, where provisions and other
stores are kept.
Cel"lar*age (?), n.
1. The space or storerooms of a cellar; a
cellar. Sir W. Scott.
You hear this fellow in the cellarage.
Shak.
2. Chare for storage in a
cellar.
Cel"lar*er (?), n. [LL.
cellararius, equiv. to L. cellarius steward: cf. F.
cellérier. See Cellar.] (Eccl.)
A steward or butler of a monastery or chapter; one who has
charge of procuring and keeping the provisions.
Cel`lar*et" (?), n. [Dim of
cellar.] A receptacle, as in a dining room, for a few
bottles of wine or liquor, made in the form of a chest or coffer,
or a deep drawer in a sideboard, and usually lined with
metal.
Cel"lar*ist (?), n. Same as
Cellarer.
Celled (?), a. Containing a
cell or cells.
Cel"le*pore (?), n. [L.
cella cell + porus, Gr. &?;, passage.]
(Zoöl.) A genus of delicate branching corals,
made up of minute cells, belonging to the Bryozoa.
Cel*lif"er*ous (?), a. [Cell
+ -ferous.] Bearing or producing cells.
||Cel"lo (ch&ebreve;l"l&osl;), n.;
pl. E. Cellos (ch&ebreve;l"l&osl;z), It.
Celli (ch&ebreve;l"lē). A
contraction for Violoncello.
Cel"lu*lar (s&ebreve;l"ŭ*l&etilde;r; 135),
a. [L. cellula a little cell: cf. F.
cellulaire. See Cellule.] Consisting of, or
containing, cells; of or pertaining to a cell or cells.
Cellular plants, Cellular
cryptogams (Bot.), those flowerless plants
which have no ducts or fiber in their tissue, as mosses, fungi,
lichens, and algæ. -- Cellular
theory, or Cell theory
(Biol.), a theory, according to which the essential
element of every tissue, either vegetable or animal, is a cell;
the whole series of cells having been formed from the development
of the germ cell and by differentiation converted into tissues
and organs which, both in plants and animals, are to be
considered as a mass of minute cells communicating with each
other. -- Cellular tissue.
(a) (Anat.) See conjunctive
tissue under Conjunctive. (b)
(Bot.) Tissue composed entirely of parenchyma, and
having no woody fiber or ducts.
Cel"lu*la`ted (?), a.
Cellular. Caldwell.
Cel"lule (s&ebreve;l"ūl), n.
[L. cellula a small apartment, dim. of cella: cf.
F. cellule. See Cell.] A small cell.
Cel`lu*lif"er*ous (?), a. [L.
cellula + -ferous.] Bearing or producing
little cells.
||Cel`lu*li"tis (?), n. [NL., fr.
L. cellula + -itis.] An inflammantion of the
cellular or areolar tissue, esp. of that lying immediately
beneath the skin.
Cel"lu*loid` (s&ebreve;l"&usl;*loid),
n. [Cellulose + -oid.] A
substance composed essentially of gun cotton and camphor, and
when pure resembling ivory in texture and color, but variously
colored to imitate coral, tortoise shell, amber, malachite, etc.
It is used in the manufacture of jewelry and many small articles,
as combs, brushes, collars, and cuffs; -- originally called
xylonite.
Cel"lu*lose` (s&ebreve;l"&usl;*lōs`),
a. Consisting of, or containing,
cells.
Cel"lu*lose`, n. (Chem.)
The substance which constitutes the essential part of the
solid framework of plants, of ordinary wood, linen, paper, etc.
It is also found to a slight extent in certain animals, as the
tunicates. It is a carbohydrate,
(C6H10O5)n, isomeric with
starch, and is convertible into starches and sugars by the action
of heat and acids. When pure, it is a white amorphous mass. See
Starch, Granulose, Lignin.
Unsized, well bleached linen paper is merely pure
cellulose.
Goodale.
Starch cellulose, the delicate framework
which remains when the soluble part (granulose) of starch is
removed by saliva or pepsin. Goodale.
Ce*lot"o*my (?), n. [Gr. &?;; &?;
hernia + &?; to cut.] (Med.) The act or operation of
cutting, to relieve the structure in strangulated hernia.
[Frequently written kelotomy.]
Cel"si*ture (?), n. [L.
celstudo, from celsus high: cf. celsitude.]
Height; altitude. [Obs.]
Cel"si*us (?), n. The Celsius
thermometer or scale, so called from Anders Celsius, a Swedish
astronomer, who invented it. It is the same as the
centigrade thermometer or scale.
Celt (s&ebreve;lt), n. [L.
Celtae, Gr. Keltoi`, Ke`ltai, pl.:
cf. W. Celtiad one that dwells in a covert, an inhabitant
of the wood, a Celt, fr. celt covert, shelter, celu
to hide.] One of an ancient race of people, who formerly
inhabited a great part of Central and Western Europe, and whose
descendants at the present day occupy Ireland, Wales, the
Highlands of Scotland, and the northern shores of France.
[Written also Kelt. The letter C was pronounced hard in
Celtic languages.]
Celt, n. [LL. celts a
chisel.] (Archæol.) A weapon or implement of
stone or metal, found in the tumuli, or barrows, of the early
Celtic nations.
Celt`i*be"ri*an (?), a. [L.
Celtiber, Celtibericus.] Of or pertaining to
the ancient Celtiberia (a district in Spain lying between the
Ebro and the Tagus) or its inhabitants the Celtiberi (Celts of
the river Iberus). -- n. An
inhabitant of Celtiberia.
Celt"ic (s&ebreve;lt"&ibreve;k), a.
[L. Celticus, Gr. Keltiko`s. See Celt.]
Of or pertaining to the Celts; as, Celtic people,
tribes, literature, tongue. [Written also
Keltic.]
Celt"ic, n. The language of
the Celts.
&fist; The remains of the old Celtic language are found in the
Gaelic, the Erse or Irish the Manx, and the Welsh and its cognate
dialects Cornish and Bas Breton.
Celt"i*cism (s&ebreve;l"t&ibreve;*s&ibreve;z'm),
n. A custom of the Celts, or an idiom of
their language. Warton.
Celt"i*cize` (?), v. t. To
render Celtic; to assimilate to the Celts.
||Cem"ba*lo (?), n. [It. See
Cymbal.] An old name for the harpsichord.
Ce*ment" (s&ebreve;*m&ebreve;nt" or
s&ebreve;m"&ebreve;nt), n. [OF. cement,
ciment, F. ciment, fr. L. caementum a rough,
unhewn stone, pieces or chips of marble, from which mortar was
made, contr. fr. caedimentum, fr. caedere to cut,
prob. akin to scindere to cleave, and to E. shed,
v. t.] 1. Any substance used for making
bodies adhere to each other, as mortar, glue, etc.
2. A kind of calcined limestone, or a
calcined mixture of clay and lime, for making mortar which will
harden under water.
3. The powder used in cementation. See
Cementation, n., 2.
4. Bond of union; that which unites
firmly, as persons in friendship, or men in society. "The
cement of our love."
5. (Anat.) The layer of bone
investing the root and neck of a tooth; -- called also
cementum.
Hydraulic cement. See under
Hydraulic.
Ce*ment" (?), v. t. [imp. &
p. p. Cemented; p. pr. & vb.
n. Cementing.] [Cf. F. cimenter. See
Cement, n.] 1. To
unite or cause to adhere by means of a cement. Bp.
Burnet.
2. To unite firmly or closely.
Shak.
3. To overlay or coat with cement; as, to
cement a cellar bottom.
Ce*ment", v. i. To become
cemented or firmly united; to cohere. S. Sharp.
Ce*ment"al (?), a. Of or
pertaining to cement, as of a tooth; as, cemental
tubes. R. Owen.
Cem`en*ta"tion (?), n.
1. The act or process of
cementing.
2. (Chem.) A process which
consists in surrounding a solid body with the powder of other
substances, and heating the whole to a degree not sufficient to
cause fusion, the physical properties of the body being changed
by chemical combination with powder; thus iron becomes steel by
cementation with charcoal, and green glass becomes porcelain by
cementation with sand.
Ce*ment"a*to*ry (?), a. Having
the quality of cementing or uniting firmly.
Ce*ment"er (?), n. A person or
thing that cements.
Cem`en*ti"tious (?), a. [L.
caementitius pertaining to quarry stones. See
Cement, n. ] Of the nature of
cement. [R.] Forsyth.
Cem`e*te"ri*al (?), a. Of or
pertaining to a cemetery. "Cemeterial cells." [R.]
Sir T. Browne.
Cem"e*ter*y (?), n.; pl.
Cemeteries (&?;). [L. cemeterium, Gr.
&?; a sleeping chamber, burial place, fr. &?; to put to sleep.]
A place or ground set apart for the burial of the dead; a
graveyard; a churchyard; a necropolis.
Ce*nan"thy (?), n. [Gr. &?; empty +
&?; a flower.] (Bot.) The absence or suppression of
the essential organs (stamens and pistil) in a flower.
Ce*na"tion (?), n. [L.
cenatio.] Meal-taking; dining or supping.
[Obs.] Sir T. Browne.
Cen"a*to*ry (?), a. [L.
cenatorius, fr. cenare to dine, sup, fr.
cena, coena, dinner, supper.] Of or pertaining
to dinner or supper. [R.]
The Romans washed, were anointed, and wore a
cenatory garment.
Sir T. Browne.
Cen"o*bite (?), n. [L.
coenobita, fr. Gr. koino`bios;
koino`s common + bi`os life: cf. F.
cénobite.] One of a religious order, dwelling
in a convent, or a community, in opposition to an anchoret, or
hermit, who lives in solitude. Gibbon.
{ Cen`o*bit"ic (?), Cen`o*bit"ic*al (?) }
a. [Cf. F. cénobitique.] Of
or pertaining to a cenobite.
Cen"o*bi*tism (?), n. The
state of being a cenobite; the belief or practice of a
cenobite. Milman.
Ce*nog"a*my (s&esl;*n&obreve;g"&adot;*m&ybreve;),
n. [Gr. koino`s common +
ga`mos marriage.] The state of a community which
permits promiscuous sexual intercourse among its members, as in
certain societies practicing communism.
Cen"o*taph (s&esl;n"&osl;*t&adot;f),
n. [Gr. kenota`fion;
keno`s empty + ta`fos burial, tomb: cf. F.
cénotaphe.] An empty tomb or a monument
erected in honor of a person who is buried elsewhere.
Dryden.
A cenotaph in Westminster Abbey.
Macaulay.
Cen"o*taph`y (?), n. A
cenotaph. [R.]
Lord Cobham honored him with a
cenotaphy.
Macaulay.
Ce`no*zo"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?; recent
+ &?; life.] (Geol.) Belonging to the most recent
division of geological time, including the tertiary, or Age of
mammals, and the Quaternary, or Age of man. [Written also
cænozoic, cainozoic, kainozoic.] See
Geology.
&fist; This word is used by many authors as synonymous with
Tertiary, the Quaternary Age not being included.
Cense (?), n. [OF. cense, F.
cens, L. census. See Census.]
1. A census; -- also, a public rate or
tax. [Obs.] Howell. Bacon.
2. Condition; rank. [Obs.] B.
Jonson.
Cense, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Censed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Censing.] [Abbrev. from incense.] To perfume
with odors from burning gums and spices.
The Salii sing and cense his altars
round.
Dryden.
Cense, v. i. To burn or
scatter incense.
Cen"ser (?), n. [For
incenser, fr. OF. encensier, F. encensoir,
fr. LL. incensarium, incensorium, fr. L.
incensum incense. See Incense, and cf.
Incensory.] A vessel for perfumes; esp. one in which
incense is burned.
&fist; The ecclesiastical censer is usually cup-shaped, has a
cover pierced with holes, and is hung by chains. The censer
bearer swings it to quicken the combustion.
Her thoughts are like the fume of frankincense
Which from a golden censer forth doth rise.
Spenser.
Cen"sor (?), n. [L. censor,
fr. censere to value, tax.] 1.
(Antiq.) One of two magistrates of Rome who took a
register of the number and property of citizens, and who also
exercised the office of inspector of morals and
conduct.
2. One who is empowered to examine
manuscripts before they are committed to the press, and to forbid
their publication if they contain anything obnoxious; -- an
official in some European countries.
3. One given to fault-finding; a
censurer.
Nor can the most circumspect attention, or steady
rectitude, escape blame from censors who have no
inclination to approve.
Rambler.
4. A critic; a reviewer.
Received with caution by the censors of the
press.
W. Irving.
Cen*so"ri*al (?), a.
1. Belonging to a censor, or to the
correction of public morals. Junius.
2. Full of censure; censorious.
The censorial declamation of Juvenal.
T. Warton.
Cen*so"ri*an (?), a.
Censorial. [R.] Bacon.
Cen*so"ri*ous (?), a. [L.
censorius pertaining to the censor. See Censor.]
1. Addicted to censure; apt to blame or
condemn; severe in making remarks on others, or on their writings
or manners.
A dogmatical spirit inclines a man to be
consorious of his neighbors.
Watts.
2. Implying or expressing censure; as,
censorious remarks.
Syn. -- Fault-finding; carping; caviling; captious;
severe; condemnatory; hypercritical.
-- Cen*so"ri*ous*ly, adv. --
Cen*so"ri*ous*ness, n.
Cen"sor*ship (?), n. The
office or power of a censor; as, to stand for a
censorship. Holland.
The press was not indeed at that moment under a
general censorship.
Macaulay.
Cen"su*al (?), a. [L.
censualis, fr. census.] Relating to, or
containing, a census.
He caused the whole realm to be described in a
censual roll.
Sir R. Baker.
Cen"sur*a*ble (?), a.
Deserving of censure; blamable; culpable; reprehensible; as,
a censurable person, or censurable
conduct.
-- Cen"sur*a*bleness, n. --
Cen"sur*a*bly, adv.
Cen"sure (?), n. [L. censura
fr. censere: cf. F. censure. Cf. Censor.]
1. Judgment either favorable or unfavorable;
opinion. [Obs.]
Take each man's censure, but reserve thy
judgment.
Shak.
2. The act of blaming or finding fault
with and condemning as wrong; reprehension; blame.
Both the censure and the praise were
merited.
Macaulay.
3. Judicial or ecclesiastical sentence or
reprimand; condemnatory judgment.
Excommunication or other censure of the
church.
Bp. Burnet.
Syn. -- Blame; reproof; condemnation; reprobation;
disapproval; disapprobation; reprehension; animadversion;
reprimand; reflection; dispraise; abuse.
Cen"sure, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Censured (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Censuring.] [Cf. F. ensurer.]
1. To form or express a judgment in regard
to; to estimate; to judge. [Obs.] "Should I say more, you
might well censure me a flatterer." Beau. &
Fl.
2. To find fault with and condemn as
wrong; to blame; to express disapprobation of.
I may be censured that nature thus gives
way to loyalty.
Shak.
3. To condemn or reprimand by a judicial
or ecclesiastical sentence. Shak.
Syn. -- To blame; reprove; rebuke; condemn; reprehend;
reprimand.
Cen"sure, v. i. To
judge. [Obs.] Shak.
Cen"sur*er (?), n. One who
censures. Sha.
Cen"sus (?), n. [L. census,
fr. censere. See Censor.] 1.
(Bot. Antiq.) A numbering of the people, and
valuation of their estate, for the purpose of imposing taxes,
etc.; -- usually made once in five years.
2. An official registration of the number
of the people, the value of their estates, and other general
statistics of a country.
&fist; A general census of the United States was first taken
in 1790, and one has been taken at the end of every ten years
since.
Cent (?), n. [F. cent
hundred, L. centum. See Hundred.]
1. A hundred; as, ten per cent, the
proportion of ten parts in a hundred.
2. A United States coin, the hundredth
part of a dollar, formerly made of copper, now of copper, tin,
and zinc.
3. An old game at cards, supposed to be
like piquet; -- so called because 100 points won the game.
Nares.
Cent"age (?), n. Rate by the
hundred; percentage.
Cen"tal (?), n. [L. centum a
hundred.] A weight of one hundred pounds avoirdupois; --
called in many parts of the United States a
Hundredweight.
Cen"tal, n. Relating to a
hundred.
Cental system, the method of buying and
selling by the cental, or hundredweight.
Cen"tare` (?), n. [F.
centiare; centi- (L. centum) + -are.]
A measure of area, the hundredth part of an are; one square
meter, or about 1⅕ square yards.
Cen"taur (s&ebreve;n"t&add;r), n.
[L. centaurus, Gr. Ke`ntayros.]
1. (Class. Myth.) A fabulous
being, represented as half man and half horse.
2. (Astron.) A constellation in
the southern heavens between Hydra and the Southern
Cross.
||Cen`tau*re"a (?), n. [NL. See
Centaury.] (Bot.) A large genus of composite
plants, related to the thistles and including the cornflower or
bluebottle (Centaurea Cyanus) and the star thistle (C.
Calcitrapa).
Cen"tau*ry (s&ebreve;n"t&add;*r&ybreve;),
n. [L. centaureum and centauria,
Gr. kentay`rion, kentay`reion, and
kentayri`h, fr. the Centaur Chiron.] (Bot.)
A gentianaceous plant not fully identified. The name is
usually given to the Erytheræa Centaurium and the
Chlora perfoliata of Europe, but is also extended to the
whole genus Sabbatia, and even to the unrelated
Centaurea.
Cen`te*na"ri*an (?), a. Of or
relating to a hundred years. -- n. A
person a hundred years old.
Cen"te*na*ry (?), a. [L.
centenarius, fr. centum a hundred.]
1. Relating to, or consisting of, a
hundred.
2. Occurring once in every hundred years;
centennial. "Centenary solemnities."
Fuller.
Cen"te*na*ry, n.; pl.
Centenaries (&?;). 1. The
aggregate of a hundred single things; specifically, a
century. "Every centenary of years."
Hakewill.
2. A commemoration or celebration of an
event which occurred a hundred years before.
Cen*ten"ni*al (?), a. [L.
centum a hundred + annus year.] 1.
Relating to, or associated with, the commemoration of an
event that happened a hundred years before; as, a
centennial ode.
2. Happening once in a hundred years; as,
centennial jubilee; a centennial
celebration.
3. Lasting or aged a hundred
years.
That opened through long lines
Of sacred ilex and centennial pines.
Longfellow.
Cen*ten"ni*al, n. The
celebration of the hundredth anniversary of any event; a
centenary. [U. S.]
Cen*ten"ni*al*ly, adv. Once in
a hundred years.
Cen"ter (?), n. [F. centre,
fr. L. centrum, fr. round which a circle is described, fr.
&?; to prick, goad.] 1. A point equally
distant from the extremities of a line, figure, or body, or from
all parts of the circumference of a circle; the middle point or
place.
2. The middle or central portion of
anything.
3. A principal or important point of
concentration; the nucleus around which things are gathered or to
which they tend; an object of attention, action, or force; as, a
center of attaction.
4. The earth. [Obs.]
Shak.
5. Those members of a legislative
assembly (as in France) who support the existing government. They
sit in the middle of the legislative chamber, opposite the
presiding officer, between the conservatives or monarchists, who
sit on the right of the speaker, and the radicals or advanced
republicans who occupy the seats on his left, See Right,
and Left.
6. (Arch.) A temporary structure
upon which the materials of a vault or arch are supported in
position until the work becomes self-supporting.
7. (Mech.) (a) One
of the two conical steel pins, in a lathe, etc., upon which the
work is held, and about which it revolves.
(b) A conical recess, or indentation, in the
end of a shaft or other work, to receive the point of a center,
on which the work can turn, as in a lathe.
&fist; In a lathe the
live center is in the
spindle of the head stock; the dead center is
on the tail stock. Planer centers are stocks
carrying centers, when the object to be planed must be turned on
its axis.
Center of an army, the body or troops
occupying the place in the line between the wings. --
Center of a curve or surface
(Geom.) (a) A point such that every
line drawn through the point and terminated by the curve or
surface is bisected at the point. (b)
The fixed point of reference in polar coördinates. See
Coördinates. -- Center of curvature of a
curve (Geom.), the center of that circle
which has at any given point of the curve closer contact with the
curve than has any other circle whatever. See Circle.
-- Center of a fleet, the division or
column between the van and rear, or between the weather division
and the lee. -- Center of gravity
(Mech.), that point of a body about which all its
parts can be balanced, or which being supported, the whole body
will remain at rest, though acted upon by gravity. --
Center of gyration (Mech.), that
point in a rotating body at which the whole mass might be
concentrated (theoretically) without altering the resistance of
the intertia of the body to angular acceleration or
retardation. -- Center of inertia
(Mech.), the center of gravity of a body or system of
bodies. -- Center of motion, the point
which remains at rest, while all the other parts of a body move
round it. -- Center of oscillation,
the point at which, if the whole matter of a suspended body
were collected, the time of oscillation would be the same as it
is in the actual form and state of the body. --
Center of percussion, that point in a body
moving about a fixed axis at which it may strike an obstacle
without communicating a shock to the axis. -- Center
of pressure (Hydros.), that point in a
surface pressed by a fluid, at which, if a force equal to the
whole pressure and in the same line be applied in a contrary
direction, it will balance or counteract the whole pressure of
the fluid.
{ Cen"ter, Cen"tre } v.
i. [imp. & p. p. Centered or
Centred (&?;); p. pr. & vb. n.
Centering or Centring.] 1. To
be placed in a center; to be central.
2. To be collected to a point; to be
concentrated; to rest on, or gather about, as a center.
Where there is no visible truth wherein to
center, error is as wide as men's fancies.
Dr. H. More.
Our hopes must center in ourselves
alone.
Dryden.
{ Cen"ter , Cen"tre } (?), v.
t. 1. To place or fix in the
center or on a central point. Milton.
2. To collect to a point; to
concentrate.
Thy joys are centered all in me alone.
Prior.
3. (Mech.) To form a recess or
indentation for the reception of a center.
{ Cen"ter*bit`, Cen"tre*bit`, }
n. An instrument turning on a center, for
boring holes. See Bit, n., 3.
{ Cen"ter*board`, Cen"tre*board, } (?),
n. (Naut.) A movable or sliding
keel formed of a broad board or slab of wood or metal which may
be raised into a water-tight case amidships, when in shallow
water, or may be lowered to increase the area of lateral
resistance and prevent leeway when the vessel is beating to
windward. It is used in vessels of all sizes along the coast of
the United States
Cen"ter*fire` car"tridge. See under
Cartridge.
Cen"ter*ing, n. (Arch.)
Same as Center, n., 6.
[Written also centring.]
{ Cen"ter*piece`, Cen"tre*piece` } (?),
n. An ornament to be placed in the center,
as of a table, ceiling, atc.; a central article or
figure.
Cen*tes"i*mal (?), a. [L.
centesimus the hundredth, fr. centum a hundred: cf.
F. centésimal.] Hundredth. --
n. A hundredth part.
The neglect of a few centesimals.
Arbuthnot.
Cen*tes`i*ma"tion (?), n. [L.
centesimore to take out or select every hundredth, fr.
centesimus hundredth.] (Mil.) The infliction
of the death penalty upon one person in every hundred, as in
cases of mutiny.
Cen*tes"i*mo (s&ebreve;n"t&ebreve;s"&ibreve;*m&osl;),
n.; pl. -mi (-
mē). [It. & Sp.] A copper coin of Italy and Spain
equivalent to a centime.
Cen"tesm (s&ebreve;n"t&ebreve;z'm),
n. [L. centesima.]
Hundredth.
Cen"ti*are` (?), n. [F. See
Centare.] See centare.
Cen`ti*cip"i*tous (?), a. [L.
centiceps, -cipitis; centum a hunder +
caput head.] Hundred-headed.
Cen*tif"i*dous (?), a. [L.
centifidus; centum + findere to split.]
Divided into a hundred parts.
Cen`ti*fo"li*ous (?), a. [L.
centifolius; centum + folium leaf.] Having a
hundred leaves.
Cen"ti*grade (?), a. [L.
centum a hundred + gradus degree: cf. F.
centigrade.] Consisting of a hundred degrees;
graduated into a hundred divisions or equal parts.
Specifically: Of or pertaining to the centigrade
thermometer; as, 10° centigrade (or 10°
C.).
Centigrade thermometer, a thermometer
having the zero or 0 at the point indicating the freezing state
of water, and the distance between that and the point indicating
the boiling state of water divided into one hundred degrees. It
is called also the Celsius thermometer, from Anders
Celsius, the originator of this scale.
{ Cen"ti*gram (?), Cen"ti*gramme (?), }
n. [F. centigramme; centi- (L.
centum) + gramme. See Gram.] The
hundredth part of a gram; a weight equal to .15432 of a grain.
See Gram.
{ Cen"ti*li`ter, Cen"ti*li`tre } (?),
n. [F. centilitre; centi (L.
centum) + litre. See Liter.] The
hundredth part of a liter; a measure of volume or capacity equal
to a little more than six tenths (0.6102) of a cubic inch, or one
third (0.338) of a fluid ounce.
Cen*til"o*quy (?), n. [L.
centum hundred + logui to speak.] A work
divided into a hundred parts. [R.] Burton.
||Cen`time" (?), n. [F., fr. L.
centesimus. See Centesimal.] (F. Coinage)
The hundredth part of a franc; a small French copper coin
and money of account.
{ Cen"ti*me`ter, Cen"ti*me`tre } (?),
n. [F. centimètre; centi-
(L. centum) + mètre. See Meter.]
The hundredth part of a meter; a measure of length equal to
rather more than thirty-nine hundredths (0.3937) of an inch. See
Meter.
Cen"ti*nel (?), n.
Sentinel. [Obs.] Sackville.
Cen*tin"o*dy (?), n. [L.
centum a hundred + nodus knot: cf. F.
centinode.] (Bot.) A weed with a stem of many
joints (Illecebrum verticillatum); also, the Polygonum
aviculare or knotgrass.
Cen"ti*ped (?), n. [L.
centipeda; centum a hundred + pes,
pedis, foot: cf. F. centipède.]
(Zoöl.) A species of the Myriapoda; esp.
the large, flattened, venomous kinds of the order Chilopoda,
found in tropical climates. they are many-jointed, and have a
great number of feet. [Written also centipede
(&?;).]
Cen"ti*stere (?), n. [F.
centistère; centi- (l. centum) +
stère.] The hundredth part of a stere, equal
to .353 cubic feet.
Cent"ner (?), n. [Cf. G.
centner a hundred-weight, fr. L. centenarius of a
hundred, fr. centum a hundred.] 1.
(Metal. & Assaying) A weight divisible first into a
hundred parts, and then into smaller parts.
&fist; The metallurgists use a weight divided into a hundred
equal parts, each one pound; the whole they call a
centner: the pound is divided into thirty-two parts, or
half ounces; the half ounce into two quarters; and each of these
into two drams. But the assayers use different weights. With
them a centner is one dram, to which the other parts are
proportioned.
2. The commercial hundredweight in
several of the continental countries, varying in different places
from 100 to about 112 pounds.
Cen"to (?), n.; pl.
Centos (#). [L. cento a garment of
several pieces sewed together, patchwork, a poem made up of
various verses of another poem.] A literary or a musical
composition formed by selections from different authors disposed
in a new order.
Cen"to*nism (?), n. The
composition of a cento; the act or practice of composing a cento
or centos.
Cen"tral (?), a. [L.
centralis, fr. centrum: cf. F. central. See
Center.] Relating to the center; situated in or near
the center or middle; containing the center; of or pertaining to
the parts near the center; equidistant or equally accessible from
certain points.
Central force (Math.), a force
acting upon a body towards or away from a fixed or movable
center. -- Center sun (Astron.),
a name given to a hypothetical body about which Mädler
supposed the solar system together with all the stars in the
Milky Way, to be revolving. A point near Alcyone in the Pleiades
was supposed to possess characteristics of the position of such a
body.
{ Cen"tral (?), ||Cen*tra"le (?), }
n. [NL. centrale, fr. L.
centralis.] (Anat.) The central, or one of the
central, bones of the carpus or or tarsus. In the tarsus of man
it is represented by the navicular.
Cen"tral*ism (?), n.
1. The state or condition of being central;
the combination of several parts into one whole;
centralization.
2. The system by which power is
centralized, as in a government.
Cen*tral"i*ty (?), n.; pl.
Centralities (&?;). The state of being
central; tendency towards a center.
Meantime there is a great centrality, a
centripetence equal to the centrifugence.
R. W. Emerson.
Cen`tral*i*za"tion (?), n. [Cf. F.
centralisation.] The act or process of centralizing,
or the state of being centralized; the act or process of
combining or reducing several parts into a whole; as, the
centralization of power in the general government; the
centralization of commerce in a city.
Cen"tral*ize (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Centralized (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Centralizing.] [Cf. F.
centraliser.] To draw or bring to a center point; to
gather into or about a center; to bring into one system, or under
one control.
[To] centralize the power of
government.
Bancroft.
Cen"tral*ly, adv. In a central
manner or situation.
Cen"tre (?), n. & v. See
Center.
{ Cen"tric (?), Cen"tric*al (?), }
a. Placed in the center or middle;
central.
At York or some other centrical place.
Sir W. Scott.
-- Cen"tric*al*ly, adv. --
Cen"tric*al*ness, n.
Cen*tric"i*ty (?), n. The
state or quality of being centric; centricalness.
Cen*trif"u*gal (?), a. [L.
centrum center + fugere to flee.]
1. Tending, or causing, to recede from the
center.
2. (Bot.) (a)
Expanding first at the summit, and later at the base, as a
flower cluster. (b) Having the radicle
turned toward the sides of the fruit, as some embryos.
Centrifugal force (Mech.), a
force whose direction is from a center.
&fist; When a body moves in a circle with uniform velocity, a
force must act on the body to keep it in the circle without
change of velocity. The direction of this force is towards the
center of the circle. If this force is applied by means of a
string to the body, the string will be in a state of tension. To
a person holding the other end of the string, this tension will
appear to be directed toward the body as if the body had a
tendency to move away from the center of the circle which it is
describing. Hence this latter force is often called
centrifugal force. The force which really acts on the body
being directed towards the center of the circle is called
centripetal force, and in some popular treatises the
centripetal and centrifugal forces are described as opposing and
balancing each other. But they are merely the different aspects
of the same stress. Clerk Maxwell.
Centrifugal impression (Physiol.),
an impression (motor) sent from a nerve center
outwards to a muscle or muscles by which motion is
produced. -- Centrifugal machine, A
machine for expelling water or other fluids from moist
substances, or for separating liquids of different densities by
centrifugal action; a whirling table. -- Centrifugal
pump, a machine in which water or other fluid is
lifted and discharged through a pipe by the energy imparted by a
wheel or blades revolving in a fixed case. Some of the largest
and most powerful pumps are of this kind.
Cen*trif"u*gal, n. A
centrifugal machine.
Cen*trif"u*gence (?), n. The
property or quality of being centrifugal. R. W.
Emerson.
Cen"tring (?), n. See
Centring.
Cen*trip"e*tal (?), a. [L.
centrum center + petere to move toward.]
1. Tending, or causing, to approach the
center.
2. (Bot.) (a)
Expanding first at the base of the inflorescence, and
proceeding in order towards the summit. (b)
Having the radicle turned toward the axis of the fruit, as
some embryos.
3. Progressing by changes from the
exterior of a thing toward its center; as, the centripetal
calcification of a bone. R. Owen.
Centripetal force (Mech.), a
force whose direction is towards a center, as in case of a planet
revolving round the sun, the center of the system, See
Centrifugal force, under Centrifugal. --
Centripetal impression (Physiol.),
an impression (sensory) transmitted by an afferent nerve from
the exterior of the body inwards, to the central
organ.
Cen*trip"e*tence (?), n.
Centripetency.
Cen*trip"e*ten*cy (?), n.
Tendency toward the center.
Cen*tris"coid (?), a. [NL.
Centriscus (r. Gr. &?; a kind of fish) + -oid.]
(Zoöl.) Allied to, or resembling, the genus
Centriscus, of which the bellows fish is an
example.
Cen`tro*bar"ic (?), a. [Gr. (&?;)
&?; a treatise of Archimedes on finding the center of gravity,
fr. &?; gravitating toward the center; &?; center + &?; weight.]
Relating to the center of gravity, or to the process of
finding it.
Centrobaric method (Math.), a
process invented for the purpose of measuring the area or the
volume generated by the rotation of a line or surface about a
fixed axis, depending upon the principle that every figure formed
by the revolution of a line or surface about such an axis has for
measure the product of the line or surface by the length of the
path of its center of gravity; -- sometimes called theorem of
Pappus, also, incorrectly, Guldinus's properties. See
Barycentric calculus, under Calculus.
Cen"trode (?), n.
(Kinematics) In two figures having relative motion,
one of the two curves which are the loci of the instantaneous
center.
Cen"troid (?), n. [L.
centrum + -oid.] The center of mass, inertia,
or gravity of a body or system of bodies.
Cen`tro*lec"i*thal (?), a. [Gr. &?;
center + &?; yolk of an egg.] (Biol.) Having the food
yolk placed at the center of the ovum, segmentation being either
regular or unequal. Balfour.
Cen`tro*lin"e*ad (?), n. An
instrument for drawing lines through a point, or lines converging
to a center.
Cen`tro*lin"e*al (?), a. [L.
centrum + linea line.] Converging to a center;
-- applied to lines drawn so as to meet in a point or
center.
Cen"tro*some` (?), n. [Gr. &?;
center + -&?; the body.] (Biol.) A peculiar rounded
body lying near the nucleus of a cell. It is regarded as the
dynamic element by means of which the machinery of cell division
is organized.
Cen`tro*stal"tic (?), a. [Gr. &?;
center + &?; checking.] (Physiol.) A term applied to
the action of nerve force in the spinal center.
Marshall Hall.
||Cen"trum (?), n.; pl. E.
Centrums (#), L. Centra (#).
[L., center.] (Anat.) The body, or axis, of a
vertebra. See Vertebra.
Cen"try (?), n. See
Sentry. [Obs.] Gray.
||Cen*tum"vir (?), n.; pl.
Centumviri (#). [L., fr. centum hundred
+ Vir man.] (Rom. Hist.) One of a court of
about one hundred judges chosen to try civil suits. Under the
empire the court was increased to 180, and met usually in four
sections.
Cen*tum"vi*ral (?), a. [L.
centumvitalis.] Of or pertaining to the centumviri,
or to a centumvir.
Cen*tum"vi*rate (?), n. [Cf. F.
centumvirat.] The office of a centumvir, or of the
centumviri.
Cen"tu*ple (?), a. [L.
centuplex; centum + plicare to fold; cf. F.
centuple.] Hundredfold.
Cen"tu*ple, v. t. To increase
a hundredfold.
Cen*tu"pli*cate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Centuplicated; p.
pr. & vb. n. Centuplicating.] [L.
centuplicare. See Centuple, a.]
To make a hundredfold; to repeat a hundred times. [R.]
Howell.
Cen*tu"ri*al (?), a. [L. See
Century.] Of or pertaining to a century; as, a
centurial sermon. [R.]
Cen*tu"ri*ate (?), a. [L.
centuriatus, p. p. of centuriare to divide (men)
into centuries.] Pertaining to, or divided into, centuries
or hundreds. [R.] Holland.
Cen*tu"ri*ate (?), v. t. [See
century.] To divide into hundreds. [Obs.]
{ Cen*tu"ri*a`tor (?), Cen"tu*rist (?), }
n. [Cf. F. centuriateur.] An
historian who distinguishes time by centuries, esp. one of those
who wrote the "Magdeburg Centuries." See under
Century. [R.]
Cen*tu"ri*on (?), n. [L.
centurio, fr. centuria; cf. F. centurion.
See Century.] (Rom. Hist.) A military officer
who commanded a minor division of the Roman army; a captain of a
century.
A centurion of the hand called the Italian
band.
Acts x. 1.
Cen"tu*ry (?), n.; pl.
Centuries (#). [L. centuria (in senses 1
& 3), fr. centum a hundred: cf. F. centurie. See
Cent.] 1. A hundred; as, a
century of sonnets; an aggregate of a hundred
things. [Archaic.]
And on it said a century of prayers.
Shak.
2. A period of a hundred years; as, this
event took place over two centuries ago.
&fist; Century, in the reckoning of time, although
often used in a general way of any series of hundred consecutive
years (as, a century of temperance work), usually
signifies a division of the Christian era, consisting of a period
of one hundred years ending with the hundredth year from which it
is named; as, the first century (a. d. 1-100
inclusive); the seventh century (a.d. 601-
700); the eighteenth century (a.d. 1701-
1800). With words or phrases connecting it with some other system
of chronology it is used of similar division of those eras; as,
the first century of Rome (A.U.C. 1-100).
3. (Rom. Antiq.) (a)
A division of the Roman people formed according to their
property, for the purpose of voting for civil officers.
(b) One of sixty companies into which a
legion of the army was divided. It was Commanded by a
centurion.
Century plant (Bot.), the
Agave Americana, formerly supposed to flower but once in a
century; -- hence the name. See Agave. -- The
Magdeburg Centuries, an ecclesiastical history of
the first thirteen centuries, arranged in thirteen volumes,
compiled in the 16th century by Protestant scholars at
Magdeburg.
Ce*pev"o*rous (?), a. [L.
cepa an onion + varare to devour.] Feeding
upon onions. [R.] Sterling.
Ceph"a*lad (?), adv. [Gr.
kefalh` head + L. ad toward.]
(Zoöl.) Forwards; towards the head or anterior
extremity of the body; opposed to caudad.
{ ||Ceph`a*lal"gi*a (?), Ceph"a*lal`gy (?),
} n. [L. cephalalgia, Gr. &?;; &?; + &?;
pain: cf. F. céphalalgie.] (Med.) Pain
in the head; headache.
Ceph`a*lal"gic (?), a. [L.
cephalalgicus, Gr. &?;.] (Med.) Relating to,
or affected with, headache. -- n. A
remedy for the headache.
||Ceph`a*lan"thi*um (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. &?; + &?; flower.] (Bot.) Same as
Anthodium.
||Ceph`a*las"pis (?), n. [NL., fr.
Gr. kefalh` head + &?; a shield.] (Paleon.)
A genus of fossil ganoid fishes found in the old red
sandstone or Devonian formation. The head is large, and protected
by a broad shield-shaped helmet prolonged behind into two lateral
points.
||Ceph`a*la"ta (?), n. pl. [NL.,
fr. Gr. kefalh` head.] (Zoöl.) A
large division of Mollusca, including all except the bivalves; --
so called because the head is distinctly developed. See
Illustration in Appendix.
Ceph"a*late (?), a.
(Zoöl.) Having a head.
Ce*phal"ic (?), a. [L.
cephalicus, Gr. &?;, fr. kefalh` head: cf. F.
céphalique.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining
to the head. See the Note under Anterior.
Cephalic index (Anat.), the ratio
of the breadth of the cranium to the length, which is taken as
the standard, and equal to 100; the breadth index. --
Cephalic vein, a large vein running from
the back of the head alond the arm; -- so named because the
ancients used to open it for disorders of the head.
Dunglison.
Ce*pha"lic, n. A medicine for
headache, or other disorder in the head.
||Ceph`a*li"tis (?), n. [NL., fr.
Gr. kefalh` head + -itis.] (Med.)
Same as Phrenitis.
Ceph`a*li*za"tion (?), n.
Domination of the head in animal life as expressed in the
physical structure; localization of important organs or parts in
or near the head, in animal development. Dana.
Ceph"a*lo- (?). [Gr. kefalh` head.] A
combining form denoting the head, of the head,
connected with the head; as, cephalosome,
cephalopod.
Ceph`a*lo*cer"cal (?), a.
[Cephalo- + Gr. &?; tail.] (Zoöl.)
Relating to the long axis of the body.
Ceph"a*loid (?), a. [Cephalo-
+ -oid.] Shaped like the head.
Craing.
Ceph`a*lol"o*gy (?), n.
[Cephalo- + -logy.] The science which treats
of the head.
Ceph"a*lo*mere (?), n. [Cephalo-
+ -mere.] (Zoöl.) One of the somites
(arthromeres) which make up the head of arthropods.
Packard.
Ceph`a*lom"e*ter (?), n.
[Cephalo- + -meter.] (Med.) An
instrument measuring the dimensions of the head of a fetus during
delivery.
||Ceph"a*lon (?), n.
(Zoöl.) The head.
||Ceph`a*loph"o*ra (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. kefalh` head + &?; to bear.]
(Zoöl.) The cephalata.
{ Ceph"a*lo*pod (?), Ceph"a*lo*pode (?) },
n. (Zoöl.) One of the
Cephalopoda.
||Ceph`a*lop"o*da (?), n. pl. [NL.,
gr. Gr. kefalh` head + -poda: cf. F.
céphalopode.] (Zoöl.) The highest
class of Mollusca.
&fist; They have, around the front of the head, a group of
elongated muscular arms, which are usually furnished with
prehensile suckers or hooks. The head is highly developed, with
large, well organized eyes and ears, and usually with a
cartilaginous brain case. The higher forms, as the cuttlefishes,
squids, and octopi, swim rapidly by ejecting a jet of water from
the tubular siphon beneath the head. They have a pair of powerful
horny jaws shaped like a parrot's beak, and a bag of inklike
fluid which they can eject from the siphon, thus clouding the
water in order to escape from their enemies. They are divided
into two orders, the Dibranchiata, having two gills and eight or
ten sucker-bearing arms, and the Tetrabranchiata, with four gills
and numerous arms without suckers. The latter are all extinct
except the Nautilus. See Octopus, Squid,
Nautilus.
{ Ceph`a*lo*pod"ic (?), Ceph`a*lop"o*dous
(?), } a. (Zoöl.) Belonging
to, or resembling, the cephalopods.
||Ceph`a*lop"te*ra (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. kefalh` head + &?; wing.] (Zoöl.)
One of the generic names of the gigantic ray (Manta
birostris), known as devilfish and sea devil.
It is common on the coasts of South Carolina, Florida, and
farther south. Some of them grow to enormous size, becoming
twenty feet of more across the body, and weighing more than a
ton.
Ceph"a*lo*some (?), n. [Cephalo-
+ -some body.] (Zoöl.) The anterior
region or head of insects and other arthropods.
Packard.
Ceph"a*lo*style (?), n.
[Cephalo- + Gr. &?; a pillar.] (Anat.) The
anterior end of the notochord and its bony sheath in the base of
cartilaginous crania.
Ceph`a*lo*tho"rax (?), n.
[Cephalo- + thorax.] (Zoöl.) The
anterior portion of any one of the Arachnida and higher
Crustacea, consisting of the united head and thorax.
Ceph"a*lo*tome (?), n. [Cephalo-
+ Gr. &?; to cut.] (Med.) An instrument for
cutting into the fetal head, to facilitate delivery.
Ceph`a*lot"o*my (?), n.
1. Dissection or opening of the
head.
2. (Med.) Craniotomy; -- usually
applied to bisection of the fetal head with a saw.
Ceph"a*lo*tribe (?), n.
[Cephalo- + Gr. to rub, grind.] An obstetrical
instrument for performing cephalotripsy.
Ceph"a*lo*trip`sy (?), n. [See
Cephalotribe.] (Med.) The act or operation of
crushing the head of a fetus in the womb in order to effect
delivery.
||Ceph`a*lot"ro*cha (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. kefalh` head + &?; wheel.] (Zoöl.)
A kind of annelid larva with a circle of cilia around the
head.
Ceph"a*lous (?), a. [Gr.
kefalh` head.] (Zoöl.) Having a head;
-- applied chiefly to the Cephalata, a division of
mollusks.
Ce"pheus (?), n. (Astron.)
A northern constellation near the pole. Its head, which is
in the Milky Way, is marked by a triangle formed by three stars
of the fourth magnitude. See Cassiopeia.
Ce*ra"ceous (?), a. [L. cera
wax.] Having the texture and color of new wax; like wax;
waxy.
Ce*ra"go (?), n. [L. cera
wax.] Beebread.
Ce*ram"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?;
earthenware. Cf. Keramic.] Of or pertaining to
pottery; relating to the art of making earthenware; as,
ceramic products; ceramic ornaments for
ceilings.
Ce*ram"ics (?), n. [See
Ceramic.] 1. The art of making things
of baked clay; as pottery, tiles, etc.
2. pl. Work formed of clay in
whole or in part, and baked; as, vases, urns, etc.
Knight.
Ce*rar"gy*rite (s&esl;*rär"j&ybreve;*rīt),
n. [Gr. ke`ras horn +
'a`rgyros silver.] (Min.) Native silver
chloride, a mineral of a white to pale yellow or gray color,
darkening on exposure to the light. It may be cut by a knife,
like lead or horn (hence called horn silver).
Cer"a*sin (?), n. (Chem.)
A white amorphous substance, the insoluble part of cherry
gum; -- called also meta-arabinic acid.
2. (Chem.) A gummy mucilaginous
substance; -- called also bassorin, tragacanthin,
etc.
Ce*ras"i*nous (?), a.
1. Pertaining to, or containing,
cerasin.
2. Of a cherry color.
||Ce*ras"tes (?), n. [L., a horned
serpent, fr. Gr. kera`sths horned, fr.
ke`ras horn.] (Zoöl.) A genus of
poisonous African serpents, with a horny scale over each eye; the
horned viper.
Ce"rate (?), n. [L. ceratum,
ceratm, fr. cera wax.] (Med.) An unctuous
preparation for external application, of a consistence
intermediate between that of an ointment and a plaster, so that
it can be spread upon cloth without the use of heat, but does not
melt when applied to the skin.
&fist; Cerate consists essentially of wax (for which
resin or spermaceti is sometimes substituted) mixed with oil,
lard, and various medicinal ingredients. The cerate (formerly
called simple cerate) of the United States Pharmacopoeia
is a mixture of three parts of white wax and seven parts of
lard.
Ce"ra*ted (?), p. a. [L.
ceratus, p. p. of cerare to wax, fr. cera
wax.] Covered with wax.
Cer"a*tine (?), a. [Gr. &?; the
fallacy called "the horns." fr. ke`ras a horn.]
(Logic.) Sophistical.
||Cer`a*to*bran"chi*a (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. ke`ras, ke`ratos, horn +
bra`gchia, n. pl., gills.] (Zoöl.)
A group of nudibranchiate Mollusca having on the back
papilliform or branched organs serving as gills.
Cer`a*to*bran"chi*al (?), a.
(Anat.) Pertaining to the bone, or cartilage, below
the epibranchial in a branchial arch. --
n. A ceratobranchial bone, or
cartilage.
||Ce*rat"o*dus (?), n. [NL., fr.
Gr. ke`ras, ke`ratos horn + &?; tooth.]
(Zoöl.) A genus of ganoid fishes, of the order
Dipnoi, first known as Mesozoic fossil fishes; but recently two
living species have been discovered in Australian rivers. They
have lungs so well developed that they can leave the water and
breathe in air. In Australia they are called salmon and
baramunda. See Dipnoi, and
Archipterygium.
Cer`a*to*hy"al (?), a. [Gr.
ke`ras horn + the letter Υ.] (Anat.)
Pertaining to the bone, or cartilage, below the epihyal in
the hyoid arch. -- n. A ceratohyal
bone, or cartilage, which, in man, forms one of the small horns
of the hyoid.
||Cer`a*to*sau"rus (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. ke`ras a horn + &?; lizard.] (Paleon.)
A carnivorous American Jurassic dinosaur allied to the
European Megalosaurus. The animal was nearly twenty feet in
length, and the skull bears a bony horn core on the united nasal
bones. See Illustration in Appendix.
||Cer`a*to*spon"gi*æ (?), n.
pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ke`ras,
ke`ratos horn + &?; sponge.] (Zoöl.)
An order of sponges in which the skeleton consists of horny
fibers. It includes all the commercial sponges.
Ce*rau"nics (?), n. [Gr. &?;
thunder and lightning.] That branch of physics which treats
of heat and electricity. R. Park.
Ce*rau"no*scope (?), n. [Gr. &?;
thunder and lightning + -scope.] An instrument or
apparatus employed in the ancient mysteries to imitate thunder
and lightning. T. Moore.
Cer*be"re*an (?), a. Of or
pertaining to, or resembling, Cerberus. [Written also
Cerberian.]
With wide Cerberean mouth.
Milton.
Cer"be*rus (?), n. [L. Cerberus (in
sense 1), gr. &?;.]
1. (Class. Myth.) A monster, in
the shape of a three-headed dog, guarding the entrance into the
infernal regions, Hence: Any vigilant custodian or guardian, esp.
if surly.
2. (Zoöl.) A genus of East
Indian serpents, allied to the pythons; the bokadam.
Cer"cal (?), a. [Gr. &?; tail.]
(Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to the tail.
||Cer*ca"ri*a (?), n.; pl.
Cercarle (&?;) [NL., fr. Gr. &?; tail.]
(Zoöl.) The larval form of a trematode worm
having the shape of a tadpole, with its body terminated by a
tail-like appendage.
Cer*ca"ri*an (?), a.
(Zoöl.) Of, like, or pertaining to, the
Cercariæ. -- n. One of the
Cercariæ.
Cer"co*pod (?), n. [Gr. &?; tail +
-pod.] (Zoöl.) One of the jointed
antenniform appendages of the posterior somites of certain
insects. Packard.
||Cer"cus (?), n.; pl.
Cerci (&?;). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; tail.]
(Zoöl.) See Cercopod.
Cere (?), n. [L. cera wax:
cf. F. cire.] (Zoöl.) The soft naked
sheath at the base of the beak of birds of prey, parrots, and
some other birds. See Beak.
Cere, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Cered (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Cering.] [L. cerare, fr. cera wax: cf. F.
cirer.] To wax; to cover or close with wax.
Wiseman.
Ce"re*al (?), a. [L.
Cerealis pert. to Ceres, and hence, to agriculture. See
Ceres.] Of or pertaining to the grasses which are
cultivated for their edible seeds (as wheat, maize, rice, etc.),
or to their seeds or grain.
Ce"re*al n. Any grass
cultivated for its edible grain, or the grain itself; -- usually
in the plural.
||Ce`re*a"li*a (?), n. pl. [L. See
Cereal.]
1. (Antiq.) Public festivals in
honor of Ceres.
2. The cereals. Crabb.
Ce"re*a*lin (?), n. (Chem.)
A nitrogenous substance closely resembling diastase,
obtained from bran, and possessing the power of converting starch
into dextrin, sugar, and lactic acid. Watts.
Cer"e*bel, n. The
cerebellum. Derham.
{ Cer`e*bel"lar (?), Cer`e*bel"lous (?), }
a. (Anat.) Pertaining to the
cerebellum.
Cer`e*bel"lum (?), n.; pl.
E. Cerebellums (&?;), L.
Cerebella (&?;). [L., dim. of cerebrum
brain.] (Anat.) The large lobe of the hind brain in
front of and above the medulla; the little brain. It controls
combined muscular action. See Brain.
Cer"e*bral (?), a. [L.
cerebrum brain; akin to Gr. ka`ra head: cf. F.
cérébral. See Cheer.] (Anat.)
Of or pertaining to the cerebrum.
Cerebral apoplexy. See under
Apoplexy.
Cer"e*bral, n. [A false translation
of the Skr. mūrdhanya, lit., head-sounds.] One
of a class of lingual consonants in the East Indian languages.
See Lingual, n.
&fist; Prof. W. D. Whitney calls these letters
linguals, and this is their usual designation in the
United States.
Cer"e*bral*ism (?), n.
(Philos.) The doctrine or theory that psychical
phenomena are functions or products of the brain only.
Cer"e*bral*ist, n. One who
accepts cerebralism.
Cer"e*brate (?), v. i.
(Physiol.) To exhibit mental activity; to have the
brain in action.
Cer`e*bra"tion (?), n. Action
of the brain, whether conscious or unconscious.
Cer"e*bric (?), a. Of,
pertaining to, or derived from, the brain.
Cerebric acid (Physiol. Chem.), a
name formerly sometimes given to cerebrin.
Cer`e*bric"i*ty (?), n. Brain
power. [R.]
Ce*reb"ri*form (?), a.
[Cerebrum + -form.] Like the brain in form or
substance.
Cer`e*brif"u*gal (?), a.
[Cerebrum + L. fugere to flee.] (Physiol.)
Applied to those nerve fibers which go from the brain to the
spinal cord, and so transfer cerebral impulses (centrifugal
impressions) outwards.
Cer"e*brin (?), n. [From
Cerebrum.] (Physiol. Chem.) A nonphosphorized,
nitrogenous substance, obtained from brain and nerve tissue by
extraction with boiling alcohol. It is uncertain whether it
exists as such in nerve tissue, or is a product of the
decomposition of some more complex substance.
Cer`e*brip"e*tal (?), a.
[Cerebrum + L. petere to seek.] (Physiol.)
Applied to those nerve fibers which go from the spinal cord
to the brain and so transfer sensations (centripetal impressions)
from the exterior inwards.
||Cer`e*bri"tis (?), n. [NL., fr.
E. cerebrum + -itis.] (Med.)
Inflammation of the cerebrum.
Cer"e*broid (?), a.
[Cerebrum + -oid.] Resembling, or analogous
to, the cerebrum or brain.
Cer`e*brol"o*gy (?), n.
[Cerebrum + -logy.] The science which treats
of the cerebrum or brain.
Cer`e*brop"a*thy (?), n.
[Cerebrum + Gr. &?; suffering.] (Med.) A
hypochondriacal condition verging upon insanity, occurring in
those whose brains have been unduly taxed; -- called also
brain fag.
Cer`e*bros"co*py (?), n.
[Cerebrum + -scopy.] (Med.) Examination
of the brain for the diagnosis of disease; esp., the act or
process of diagnosticating the condition of the brain by
examination of the interior of the eye (as with an
ophthalmoscope). Buck.
Cer`e*brose" (?), n. [From
Cerebrum.] (Physiol. Chem.) A sugarlike body
obtained by the decomposition of the nitrogenous non-phosphorized
principles of the brain.
Cer`e*bro-spi"nal (?), a.
[Cerebrum + spinal.] (Anat.) Of or
pertaining to the central nervous system consisting of the brain
and spinal cord.
Cerebro-spinal fluid (Physiol.),
a serous fluid secreted by the membranes covering the brain
and spinal cord. -- Cerebro-spinal
meningitis, Cerebro-spinal fever
(Med.), a dangerous epidemic, and endemic, febrile
disease, characterized by inflammation of the membranes of the
brain and spinal cord, giving rise to severe headaches,
tenderness of the back of the neck, paralysis of the ocular
muscles, etc. It is sometimes marked by a cutaneous eruption,
when it is often called spotted fever. It is not
contagious.
Cer"e*brum (?), n.; pl. E.
Cerebrums (#), L. Cerebra
(#). [L., the brain.] (Anat.) The anterior, and in
man the larger, division of the brain; the seat of the reasoning
faculties and the will. See Brain.
Cere"cloth` (?), n. [L. cera
wax + E. cloth.] A cloth smeared with melted wax, or
with some gummy or glutinous matter.
Linen, besmeared with gums, in manner of
cerecloth.
Bacon.
Cere"ment (?), n. [L. cera
wax: cf. F. cirement.] (a) A
cerecloth used for the special purpose of enveloping a dead body
when embalmed. (b) Any shroud or
wrapping for the dead.
Cer`e*mo"ni*al (?), a. [L.
caerimonialis: cf. F. cérimonial. See
Ceremony.] 1. Relating to ceremony,
or external rite; ritual; according to the forms of established
rites.
Ceremonial observances and outward
show.
Hallam.
2. Observant of forms; ceremonious. [In
this sense ceremonious is now preferred.]
Donne.
He moves in the dull ceremonial track.
Druden.
Cer`e*mo"ni*al, n.
1. A system of rules and ceremonies,
enjoined by law, or established by custom, in religious worship,
social intercourse, or the courts of princes; outward
form.
The gorgeous ceremonial of the Burgundian
court.
Prescott.
2. The order for rites and forms in the
Roman Catholic church, or the book containing the rules
prescribed to be observed on solemn occasions.
Cer`e*mo"ni*al*ism (?), n.
Adherence to external rites; fondness for
ceremony.
Cer`e*mo"ni*al*ly, adv.
According to rites and ceremonies; as, a person
ceremonially unclean.
Cer`e*mo"ni*al*ness, n.
Quality of being ceremonial.
Cer`e*mo"ni*ous (?), a. [Cf. F.
cérémonieux, L. Caerimoniosus.]
1. Consisting of outward forms and rites;
ceremonial. [In this sense ceremonial is now
preferred.]
The ceremonious part of His worship.
South.
2. According to prescribed or customary
rules and forms; devoted to forms and ceremonies; formally
respectful; punctilious. "Ceremonious phrases."
Addison.
Too ceremonious and traditional.
Shak.
Syn. -- Formal; precise; exact. See Formal.
Cer`e*mo"ni*ous*ly, adv. In a
ceremonious way.
Cer`e*mo"ni*ous*ness, n. The
quality, or practice, of being ceremonious.
Cer"e*mo*ny (?), n.; pl.
Ceremonies (#). [F.
cérémonie, L. caerimonia; perh. akin
to E. create and from a root signifying to do or
make.] 1. Ar act or series of acts,
often of a symbolical character, prescribed by law, custom, or
authority, in the conduct of important matters, as in the
performance of religious duties, the transaction of affairs of
state, and the celebration of notable events; as, the
ceremony of crowning a sovereign; the ceremonies
observed in consecrating a church; marriage and baptismal
ceremonies.
According to all the rites of it, and according to
all the ceremonies thereof shall ye keep it [the
Passover].
Numb. ix. 3
Bring her up the high altar, that she may
The sacred ceremonies there partake.
Spenser.
[The heralds] with awful ceremony
And trumpet's sound, throughout the host proclaim
A solemn council.
Milton.
2. Behavior regulated by strict
etiquette; a formal method of performing acts of civility; forms
of civility prescribed by custom or authority.
Ceremony was but devised at first
To set a gloss on . . . hollow welcomes . . .
But where there is true friendship there needs none.
Shak.
Al ceremonies are in themselves very silly
things; but yet a man of the world should know them.
Chesterfield.
3. A ceremonial symbols; an emblem, as a
crown, scepter, garland, etc. [Obs.]
Disrobe the images,
If you find them decked with ceremonies.
. . . Let no images
Be hung with Cæsar's trophies.
Shak.
4. A sign or prodigy; a portent.
[Obs.]
Cæsar, I never stood on
ceremonies,
Yet, now they fright me.
Shak.
Master of ceremonies, an officer who
determines the forms to be observed, or superintends their
observance, on a public occasion. -- Not to stand on
ceremony, not to be ceremonious; to be familiar,
outspoken, or bold.
Ce"re*ous (?), a. [L.
cereus, fr. cera was.] Waxen; like wax.
[Obs.] Gayton.
Ce"res (?), n. [L., Ceres, also
corn, grain, akin to E. create.] 1.
(Class. Myth.) The daughter of Saturn and Ops or
Rhea, the goddess of corn and tillage.
2. (Actron.) The first discovered
asteroid.
Cer"e*sin (?), n. [L. cera
wax.] (Chem.) A white wax, made by bleaching and
purifying ozocerite, and used as a substitute for
beeswax.
||Ce"re*us (?), n. [L., a wax
candle, fr. cera wax. So named from the resemblance of one
species to the columnar shape of a wax candle.] (Bot.)
A genus of plants of the Cactus family. They are natives of
America, from California to Chili.
&fist; Although several species flower in the night, the name
Night-blooming cereus is specially applied to the
Cereus grandiflorus, which is cultivated for its
beautiful, shortlived flowers. The Cereus giganteus, whose
columnar trunk is sometimes sixty feet in height, is a striking
feature of the scenery of New Mexico, Texas, etc.
Cer"i*al (?), a. Same as
Cerrial. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Ce*rif"er*ous (?), a. [L. ra
wax + -ferous.] Producing wax.
Ce"rin (?), n. [L. cera wax
+ -in: cf. L. cerinus wax-colored.]
1. (Chem.) A waxy substance extracted
by alcohol or ether from cork; sometimes applied also to the
portion of beeswax which is soluble in alcohol.
Watts.
2. (Min.) A variety of the mineral
allanite.
Ce*rin"thi*an, n. (Eccl.
Hist.) One of an ancient religious sect, so called from
Cerinthus, a Jew, who attempted to unite the doctrines of
Christ with the opinions of the Jews and Gnostics.
Hook.
Cer"iph (?), n. (Type
Founding) One of the fine lines of a letter, esp. one of
the fine cross strokes at the top and bottom of letters.
[Spelt also seriph.] Savage.
||Ce*rise" (?), a. [F., a cherry.
See Cherry.] Cherry-colored; a light bright red; --
applied to textile fabrics, especially silk.
Ce"rite (?), n. [Gr.
ke`ras horn.] (Zoöl.) A gastropod
shell belonging to the family Cerithiïdæ; -- so
called from its hornlike form.
Ce"rite, n. [From Cherium.]
(Min.) A mineral of a brownish of cherry-red color,
commonly massive. It is a hydrous silicate of cerium and allied
metals.
Ce"ri*um (?), n. [Named by
Berzelius in 1803 from the asteroid Ceres, then just
discovered (1801).] (Chem.) A rare metallic element,
occurring in the minerals cerite, allanite, monazite, etc.
Symbol Ce. Atomic weight 141.5. It resembles iron in color and
luster, but is soft, and both malleable and ductile. It tarnishes
readily in the air.
Cer"nu*ous (?), a. [L.
cernuus with the face turned toward the earth.]
(Bot.) Inclining or nodding downward; pendulous;
drooping; -- said of a bud, flower, fruit, or the capsule of a
moss.
Ce"ro (?), n. [Corrupt. fr. Sp.
sierra saw, sawfish, cero.] (Zoöl.) A
large and valuable fish of the Mackerel family, of the genus
Scomberomorus. Two species are found in the West Indies
and less commonly on the Atlantic coast of the United States, --
the common cero (Scomberomorus caballa), called also
kingfish, and spotted, or king, cero (S.
regalis).
Ce"ro*graph (?), n. [Gr.
khro`s wax + -graph.] A writing on
wax. Knight.
{ Ce`ro*graph"ic (?), Ce`ro*graph"ic*al (?),
} a. Of or pertaining to
cerography.
Ce*rog"ra*phist (?), n. One
who practices cerography.
Ce*rog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr.
khro`s wax + -graphy.]
1. The art of making characters or
designs in, or with, wax.
2. A method of making stereotype plates
from inscribed sheets of wax.
Cer"o*lite (?), n. [Gr.
khro`s wax + -lite.] (Min.) A
hydrous silicate of magnesium, allied to serpentine, occurring in
waxlike masses of a yellow or greenish color.
||Ce*ro"ma (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;
ointment for wrestlers, the place for wrestling, fr.
khroy^n to wax over, fr. khro`s wax.]
1. The unguent (a composition of oil and
wax) with which wrestlers were anointed among the ancient
Romans.
2. (Anc. Arch.) That part of the
baths and gymnasia in which bathers and wrestlers anointed
themselves.
3. (Zoöl.) The cere of
birds.
Cer"o*man`cy (?), n. [Gr.
khro`s wax + -mancy.] Divination by
dropping melted wax in water.
Ce*roon" (?), n. [See
Seroon.] A bale or package. covered with hide, or
with wood bound with hide; as, a ceroon of indigo,
cochineal, etc.
Ce`ro*plas"tic (?), a. [Gr. &?; for
modeling in wax; khro`s wax + &?; to form, mold.]
(Fine arts) (a) Relating to the art
of modeling in wax. (b) Modeled in
wax; as, a ceroplastic figure.
{ Ce`ro*plas"tics (?), Ce`ro*plas"ty (?), }
n. [Gr. &?; (sc. &?; art): cf. F.
céroplastique.] The art of modeling in
wax.
Cer"o*sin (?), n. [L. cera
wax.] (Chem.) A waxy substance obtained from the bark
of the sugar cane, and crystallizing in delicate white
laminæ.
Ce"rote (?), n. [Obs.]
See Cerate.
Cer"o*tene (?), n. [L.
cerotum a pomade. See Cerate.] (Chem.)
A white waxy solid obtained from Chinese wax, and by the
distillation of cerotin.
Ce*rot"ic (?), a. [See
Cerotene.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived
from, beeswax or Chinese wax; as, cerotic acid or
alcohol.
Cer"o*tin (?), n. [See
Cerotene.] (Chem.) A white crystalline
substance, C27H55.OH, obtained from Chinese
wax, and regarded as an alcohol of the marsh gas series; --
called also cerotic alcohol, ceryl
alcohol.
Cer"ri*al (?), a. [L.
cerreus, fr. cerrus a kind of oak.] (Bot.)
Of or pertaining to the cerris.
Chaplets green of cerrial oak.
Dryden.
||Cer"ris (?), n. [L.
cerrus.] (Bot.) A species of oak (Quercus
cerris) native in the Orient and southern Europe; -- called
also bitter oak and Turkey oak.
Cer"tain (?), a. [F.
certain, fr. (assumed) LL. certanus, fr. L.
certus determined, fixed, certain, orig. p. p. of
cernere to perceive, decide, determine; akin to Gr. &?; to
decide, separate, and to E. concern, critic,
crime, riddle a sieve, rinse, v.]
1. Assured in mind; having no doubts; free
from suspicions concerning.
To make her certain of the sad event.
Dryden.
I myself am certain of you.
Wyclif.
2. Determined; resolved; -- used with an
infinitive.
However, I with thee have fixed my lot,
Certain to undergo like doom.
Milton.
3. Not to be doubted or denied;
established as a fact.
The dream is certain, and the
interpretation thereof sure.
Dan. ii. 45.
4. Actually existing; sure to happen;
inevitable.
Virtue that directs our ways
Through certain dangers to uncertain praise.
Dryden.
Death, as the Psalmist saith, is certain to
all.
Shak.
5. Unfailing; infallible.
I have often wished that I knew as certain
a remedy for any other distemper.
Mead.
6. Fixed or stated; regular;
determinate.
The people go out and gather a certain rate
every day.
Ex. xvi. 4.
7. Not specifically named; indeterminate;
indefinite; one or some; -- sometimes used independenty as a
noun, and meaning certain persons.
It came to pass when he was in a certain
city.
Luke. v. 12.
About everything he wrote there was a
certain natural grace und decorum.
Macaulay.
For certain, assuredly. --
Of a certain, certainly.
Syn. -- Bound; sure; true; undeniable; unquestionable;
undoubted; plain; indubitable; indisputable; incontrovertible;
unhesitating; undoubting; fixed; stated.
Cer"tain, n. 1.
Certainty. [Obs.] Gower.
2. A certain number or quantity.
[Obs.] Chaucer.
Cer"tain, adv.
Certainly. [Obs.] Milton.
Cer"tain*ly, adv. Without
doubt or question; unquestionably.
Cer"tain*ness, n.
Certainty.
Cer"tain*ty (?), n.; pl.
Certainties (#). [OF.
certaineté.] 1. The quality,
state, or condition, of being certain.
The certainty of punishment is the truest
security against crimes.
Fisher Ames.
2. A fact or truth unquestionable
established.
Certainties are uninteresting and
sating.
Landor.
3. (Law) Clearness; freedom from
ambiguity; lucidity.
Of a certainty, certainly.
Cer"tes (?), adv. [F.
certes, for à certes, fr. L. certus.
See Certain.] Certainly; in truth; verily.
[Archaic]
Certes it great pity was to see
Him his nobility so foul deface.
Spenser.
Cer*tif"i*cate (?), n. [F.
certificat, fr. LL. certificatus made certain, p.
p. of certificare. See tify.] 1.
A written testimony to the truth of any fact; as,
certificate of good behavior.
2. A written declaration legally
authenticated.
Trial by certificate, a trial which the
testimony of the person certifying is the only proper criterion
of the point in dispute; as, when the issue is whether a person
was absent in the army, this is tried by the certificate of the
proper officer in writing, under his seal.
Blackstone.
Cer*tif"i*cate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Certificated; p.
pr. & vb. n. Certificating.] [See
Certify.]
1. To verify or vouch for by
certificate.
2. To furnish with a certificate; as, to
certificate the captain of a vessel; a certificated
teacher.
Cer`ti*fi*ca"tion (?), n.[L.
certificatio: cf. F. certification.] The act
of certifying.
Cer"ti*fi`er (?), n. One who
certifies or assures.
Cer"ti*fy (?), v. t. [imp.
& p. p. Certified (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Certifying.] [F. certifier, LL.
certificare; L. certus certain + facere to
make. See Certain, and cf. Certificate, v.
t.] 1. To give cetain information
to; to assure; to make certain.
We certify the king, that . . . thou shalt
have no portion on this side the river.
Ezra iv. 16.
2. To give certain information of; to
make certain, as a fact; to verify. Hammond.
The industry of science at once certifies
and greatly extends our knowledge of the vastness of the
creation.
I. Taylor.
3. To testify to in writing; to make a
declaration concerning, in writing, under hand, or hand and
seal.
The judges shall certify their opinion to
the chancellor, and upon such certificate the decree is usually
founded.
Blackstone.
Certified check, A bank check, the
validity of which is certified by the bank on which it is
drawn.
Cer`ti*o*ra"ri (?), n. [So named
from the emphatic word certiorari in the Latin form of the
writ, which read certiorar volumus we wish to be
certified.] (Law) A writ issuing out of chancery, or
a superior court, to call up the records of a inferior court, or
remove a cause there depending, in order that the party may have
more sure and speedy justice, or that errors and irregularities
may be corrected. It is obtained upon complaint of a party that
he has not received justice, or can not have an impartial trial
in the inferior court.
&fist; A certiorari is the correct process to remove
the proceedings of a court in which cases are tried in a manner
different from the course of the common law, as of county
commissioners. It is also used as an auxiliary process in order
to obtain a full return to some other process.
Bouvier.
Cer"ti*tude (?), n. [LL.
certitudo, fr. L. certus: cf. F. certitude.
See Certain.] Freedom from doubt; assurance;
certainty. J. H. Newman.
Cer"ule (?), a. [L.
caerulus, eguiv. to caeruleus.] Blue;
cerulean. [Obs.] Dyer.
Ce*ru"le*an (?), a. [L.
caeruleus.] Sky-colored; blue; azure.
Cowper.
Blue, blue, as if that sky let
fall
A flower from its cerulean wall.
Bryant.
Ce*ru"le*ous (?), a.
Cerulean. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.
Cer`u*lif"ic (?), a. [L.
caerulus dark blue + facere to make.]
Producing a blue or sky color. [R.]
||Ce*ru"men (?), n. [NL., fr. L.
cera wax.] (Physiol.) The yellow, waxlike
secretion from the glands of the external ear; the
earwax.
Ce*ru"mi*nous (?), a.
(Physiol.) Pertaining to, or secreting, cerumen; as,
the ceruminous glands.
Ce"ruse (?), n. [F.
céruse, L. cerussa.] 1.
White lead, used as a pigment. See White lead, under
White.
2. A cosmetic containing white
lead.
To distinguish ceruse from natural
bloom.
Macaulay.
3. (Min.) The native carbonate of
lead.
Ce"rused (?), a. Washed with a
preparation of white lead; as, cerused face.
Beau. & Fl.
{ Ce"ru*site (?), Ce"rus*site (?), }
n. (Min.) Native lead carbonate; a
mineral occurring in colorless, white, or yellowish transparent
crystals, with an adamantine, also massive and compact.
Cer"van*tite (?), n. [Named from
Cervantes a town in Spain.] (Min.) See under
Antimony.
Cer"ve*lat (?), n. [F.]
(Mus.) An ancient wind instrument, resembling the
bassoon in tone.
Cer"vi*cal, a. [L. cervix,
-icis, neck: cf. F. cervical.] (Anat.)
Of or pertaining to the neck; as, the cervical
vertebræ.
Cer"vi*cide (?), n. [L.
cervus deer + caedere to kill.] The act of
killing deer; deer-slaying. [R.]
Cer"vine (?), a. [L.
cervinus, fr. cervus deer: cf. F. cervin.]
(Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to the deer, or to the
family Cervidæ.
||Cer"vix (?), n.; pl. E.
Cervixes (#), L. Cervices
(#). [L.] (Anat.) The neck; also, the necklike
portion of any part, as of the womb. See Illust. of
Bird.
||Cer"vus (?), n. [L., a deer.]
(Zoöl.) A genus of ruminants, including the red
deer and other allied species.
&fist; Formerly all species of deer were included in the genus
Cervus.
Ce"ryl (?), n. [L. cera wax
+ -yl.] (Chem.) A radical,
C27H55 supposed to exist in several
compounds obtained from Chinese wax, beeswax, etc.
{ Ce*sa"re*an (?), Ce*sa"ri*an, }
a. Same as Cæsarean,
Cæsarian.
Ce"sar*ism (?), n. See
Cæsarism.
Ces"pi*tine (?), n. [L.
caespes, caespitis, a turf.] An oil obtained
by distillation of peat, and containing various members of the
pyridine series.
Ces"pi*ti`tious (?), a. [L.
caespiticius, fr. caespes turf.] Same as
Cespitious. [R.] Gough.
Ces"pi*tose` (?), a. [L.
caespes turf.] (Bot.) Having the form a piece
of turf, i. e., many stems from one rootstock or from many
entangled rootstocks or roots. [Written also
cæspitose.]
Ces"pi*tous (?), a. [See
Cespitose.] Pertaining to, consisting, of resembling,
turf; turfy.
A cespitous or turfy plant has many stems
from the same root, usually forming a close, thick carpet of
matting.
Martyn.
Cess (?), n. [For sess,
conts. from Assess.] 1. A rate or
tax. [Obs. or Prof. Eng. & Scot.] Spenser.
2. Bound; measure. [Obs.]
The poor jade is wrung in the withers out of all
cess.
Shak.
Cess, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Cessed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Cessing.] To rate; to tax; to assess.
Spenser.
Cess, v. i. [F. cesser. See
Cease.] To cease; to neglect. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Ces"sant (?) a. [L. cessans,
p. pr. of cessare. See Cease.] Inactive;
dormant [Obs.] W. Montagu.
Ces*sa"tion (s&ebreve;s*sā"shŭn),
n. [F. cessation, L. cessatio,
fr. cessare. See Cease.] A ceasing or
discontinuance, as of action, whether temporary or final; a stop;
as, a cessation of the war.
The temporary cessation of the papal
iniquities.
Motley.
The day was yearly observed for a festival by
cessation from labor.
Sir J. Hayward.
Cessation of arms (Mil.), an
armistice, or truce, agreed to by the commanders of armies, to
give time for a capitulation, or for other purposes.
Syn. -- Stop; rest; stay; pause; discontinuance;
intermission; interval; respite; interruption; recess;
remission.
||Ces*sa"vit (?), n. [L., he has
ceased.] [O. Eng. Law] A writ given by statute to recover
lands when the tenant has for two years failed to perform the
conditions of his tenure.
Ces"ser (?), n. [From Cess,
v. i.] (Law) a neglect of a tenant
to perform services, or make payment, for two years.
Ces"si*ble (?), a. [Cf. F.
cessible. See Cession.] Giving way;
yielding. [Obs.] -- Ces`si*bil"i*ty (#),
n. [Obs.] Sir K. Digby.
Ces"sion (?), n. [L. cessio,
fr. cedere to give way: cf. F. Cession. See
Cede.] 1. A yielding to physical
force. [Obs.] Bacon.
2. Concession; compliance.
[Obs.]
3. A yielding, or surrender, as of
property or rights, to another person; the act of
ceding.
A cession of the island of New Orleans.
Bancroft.
4. (Eccl. Law) The giving up or
vacating a benefice by accepting another without a proper
dispensation.
5. (Civil Law) The voluntary
surrender of a person's effects to his creditors to avoid
imprisonment.
Ces"sion*a*ry (?), a. [LL.
cessionarius, from cessionare to cede, fr. L.
cessio: cf. F. cessionnaire. See Cession.]
Having surrendered the effects; as, a cessionary
bankrupt. Martin.
Cess"ment (?), n. [From
Cess, v. t.] An assessment or
tax. [Obs.] Johnson.
Ces"sor (?), n. [From Cess,
v. i. Cf. Cesser.] (Law) One
who neglects, for two years, to perform the service by which he
holds lands, so that he incurs the danger of the writ of
cessavit. See Cessavit. Cowell.
Ces"sor, n. [From Cess,
v. t.] An assessor. [Obs.]
Cess"pipe` (s&ebreve;s"pīp`),
n. A pipe for carrying off waste water,
etc., from a sink or cesspool. Knight.
Cess"pool` (-p&oomac;l`), n. [See
Sesspol.] A cistern in the course, or the
termination, of a drain, to collect sedimentary or superfluous
matter; a privy vault; any receptacle of filth. [Written
also sesspool.]
Cest (s&ebreve;st), n. [L.
cestus: cf. OF. ceste.] A woman's girdle; a
cestus. [R.] Collins.
Ces"tode (s&ebreve;s"tōd), a.
(Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to the Cestoidea.
-- n. One of the Cestoidea.
Ces"toid (s&ebreve;s"toid), a.
(Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to the Cestoidea.
-- n. One of the Cestoidea.
||Ces*toid"e*a (s&ebreve;s*toid"&esl;*&adot;),
n. pl. [NL., gr. Gr. kesto`s girdle
+ -oid.] (Zoöl.) A class of parasitic
worms (Platelminthes) of which the tapeworms are the most
common examples. The body is flattened, and usually but not
always long, and composed of numerous joints or segments, each of
which may contain a complete set of male and female reproductive
organs. They have neither mouth nor intestine. See
Tapeworm. [Written also Cestoda.]
Ces*told"e*an (?), n.
(Zoöl.) One of the Cestoidea.
Ces*tra"ci*ont (?), n. [Gr. &?; a
kind of fish.] (Zoöl.) A shark of the genus
Cestracion, and of related genera. The posterior teeth
form a pavement of bony plates for crushing shellfish. Most of
the species are extinct. The Port Jackson shark and a similar one
found in California are living examples.
Ces*tra"ci*ont, a.
(Zoöl.) Pertaining to, or characteristic of, the
genus Cestracion.
Ces"tus (?), n. [L. cestus
girdle, Gr. &?;, lit., stitched, embroidered.] 1.
(Antiq.) A girdle; particularly that of Aphrodite (or
Venus) which gave the wearer the power of exciting
love.
2. (Zoöl.) A genus of
Ctenophora. The typical species (Cestus Veneris) is
remarkable for its brilliant iridescent colors, and its long,
girdlelike form.
Ces"tus, n. [L. caestus, and
cestus.] (Antiq.) A covering for the hands of
boxers, made of leather bands, and often loaded with lead or
iron.
{ ||Ces"tuy or ||Ces"tui (?), }
pron. [Norm. F.] (Law) He; the
one.
Cestuy que trust (&?;) [norm. F.], a
person who has the equitable and beneficial interest in property,
the legal interest in which is vested in a trustee.
Wharton. -- Cestuy que use (&?;) [Norm.
F.], a person for whose use land, etc., is granted to
another.
Ce*su"ra (?), n. See
Cæsura.
Ce*su"ral (?), a. See
Cæsural.
||Ce*ta"ce*a (?), n. pl. [NL., from
L. cetus whale, Gr. &?;.] (Zoöl.) An
order of marine mammals, including the whales. Like ordinary
mammals they breathe by means of lungs, and bring forth living
young which they suckle for some time. The anterior limbs are
changed to paddles; the tail flukes are horizontal. There
are two living suborders: (a) The Mysticete or
whalebone whales, having no true teeth after birth, but with a
series of plates of whalebone [see Baleen.] hanging down
from the upper jaw on each side, thus making a strainer, through
which they receive the small animals upon which they feed.
(b) The Denticete, including the dolphins and
sperm whale, which have teeth. Another suborder (Zeuglodontia) is
extinct. The Sirenia were formerly included in the
Cetacea, but are now made a separate order.
Ce*ta"cean (?), n.
(Zoöl.) One of the Cetacea.
Ce*ta"ceous (?), a.
(Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to the
Cetacea.
||Ce"te (?), n. [L., pl.]
(Zoöl.) One of the Cetacea, or collectively, the
Cetacea.
Ce"tene (?), n. [See Cete.]
(Chem.) An oily hydrocarbon,
C16H32, of the ethylene series, obtained
from spermaceti.
Cet"e*rach (?), n. [F.
cétérac, fr. Ar. shetrak.]
(Bot.) A species of fern with fronds (Asplenium
Ceterach).
Cet"e*wale (?), n. [OF.
citoal, F. zedoaire. See Zedoary.] Same
as Zedoary. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Ce"tic (?), a. Of or
pertaining to a whale.
Ce"tin (?), n. [L. cetus
whale.] (Chem.) A white, waxy substance, forming the
essential part of spermaceti.
Ce`to*log"ic*al (?), a. Of or
pertaining to cetology.
Ce*tol"o*gist (?), a. One
versed in cetology.
Ce*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?; whale
+ -logy: cf. F. cétologie.] The
description or natural history of cetaceous animals.
Ce*trar"ic (?), a. Pertaining
to, or derived from, the lichen, Iceland moss (Cetaria
Islandica).
Cetraric acid. See
Cetrarin.
Cet"ra*rin (?), n. [From
Cetraria Islandica, the scientific name of Iceland moss.]
(Chem.) A white substance extracted from the lichen,
Iceland moss (Cetraria Islandica). It consists of several
ingredients, among which is cetraric acid, a white,
crystalline, bitter substance.
Ce"tyl (?), n. [Gr. &?; whale +
-yl.] (Chem.) A radical,
C16H33, not yet isolated, but supposed to
exist in a series of compounds homologous with the ethyl
compounds, and derived from spermaceti.
Ce*tyl"ic (?), a. (Chem.)
Of, pertaining to, or derived from, spermaceti.
Cetylic alcohol (Chem.), a white,
waxy, crystalline solid, obtained from spermaceti, and regarded
as homologous with ordinary, or ethyl, alcohol; ethal; -- called
also cetyl alcohol.
Cey"lan*ite (?), n. [F., fr.
Ceylan Ceylon.] (Min.) A dingy blue, or
grayish black, variety of spinel. It is also called
pleonaste. [Written also ceylonite.]
Cey`lon*ese" (?), a. Of or
pertaining to Ceylon. -- n. sing. & pl.
A native or natives of Ceylon.
C. G. S. An abbreviation for Centimeter,
Gram, Second. -- applied to a system of units much
employed in physical science, based upon the centimeter as the
unit of length, the gram as the unit of weight or mass, and the
second as the unit of time.
Chab (chăb), n.
(Zoöl.) The red-bellied woodpecker
(Melanerpes Carolinus).
{ Chab"a*site (kăb"&adot;*sīt),
Cab"a*zite (kăb"&adot;*zīt), }
n. [Gr. chabazi`os one of twenty
species of stones mentioned in the poem Peri` li`qwn,
ascribed to Orpheus.] (Min.) A mineral occuring in
glassy rhombohedral crystals, varying in color from white to
yellow or red. It is essentially a hydrous silicate of alumina
and lime. Called also chabasie.
||Cha*blis" (sh&adot;*blē"),
n. [F.] A white wine made near Chablis, a
town in France.
{ ||Cha*bouk", ||Cha*buk" (?), }
n. [Hind. chābuk horsewhip.]
A long whip, such as is used in the East in the infliction
of punishment. Balfour.
Chace (?), n. See 3d
Chase, n., 3.
Chace, v. t. To pursue. See
Chase v. t.
||Cha`cha*la"ca (?), n. [Native
name, prob. given in imitation of its cry.] (Zoöl.)
The Texan guan (Ortalis vetula). [written also
chiacalaca.]
Chack (chăk), v. i. To
toss up the head frequently, as a horse to avoid the restraint of
the bridle.
||Chac"ma (?), n. [Native name.]
A large species of African baboon (Cynocephalus
porcarius); -- called also ursine baboon. [See
Illust. of Baboon.]
||Cha*conne" (?), n. [F., fr. Sp.
chacona.] (Mus.) An old Spanish dance in
moderate three-four measure, like the Passacaglia, which is
slower. Both are used by classical composers as themes for
variations.
Chad (shăd), n. See
Shad. [Obs.]
||Chæ*te"tes (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. &?; hair.] (Zoöl.) A genus of fossil
corals, common in the lower Silurian limestones.
Chæ*tif"er*ous (?), a. [Gr.
&?; hair + -ferous.] (Zoöl.) Bearing
setæ.
Chæ"to*dont (?), n. [Gr. &?;
hair + &?;, &?;, tooth.] (Zoöl.) A marine fish
of the family Chætodontidæ. The
chætodonts have broad, compressed bodies, and usually
bright colors.
Chæto*dont, a. Of or
pertaining to the Chætodonts or the family
Chætodontidæ.
Chæ"tog*nath (?), a.
(Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to the
Chætognatha.
||Chæ*tog"na*tha (?), n. pl.
[NL., from Gr. &?; hair + &?; jaw.] (Zoöl) An
order of free-swimming marine worms, of which the genus
Sagitta is the type. They have groups of curved spines on
each side of the head.
Chæ"to*pod (?), a.
(Zoöl.) Pertaining to the Chætopoda.
-- n. One of the
Chætopoda.
||Chæ*top"o*da (?), n. pl.
[NL., from Gr. &?; hair + -poda.] (Zoöl.)
A very extensive order of Annelida, characterized by the
presence of lateral setæ, or spines, on most or all of the
segments. They are divided into two principal groups:
Oligochæta, including the earthworms and allied forms, and
Polychæta, including most of the marine species.
Chæ"to*tax`y (?), n. [Gr. &?;
hair + &?; arrangement.] (Zoöl.) The arrangement
of bristles on an insect.
Chafe (chāf), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Chafed (chāft);
p pr. & vb. n. Chafing.] [OE.
chaufen to warm, OF. chaufer, F. chauffer,
fr. L. calefacere, calfacere, to make warm;
calere to be warm + facere to make. See
Caldron.] 1. To excite heat in by
friction; to rub in order to stimulate and make warm.
To rub her temples, and to chafe her
skin.
Spenser.
2. To excite passion or anger in; to
fret; to irritate.
Her intercession chafed him.
Shak.
3. To fret and wear by rubbing; as, to
chafe a cable.
Two slips of parchment which she sewed round it to
prevent its being chafed.
Sir W. Scott.
Syn. -- To rub; fret; gall; vex; excite; inflame.
Chafe, v. i. To rub; to come
together so as to wear by rubbing; to wear by friction.
Made its great boughs chafe together.
Longfellow.
The troubled Tiber chafing with her
shores.
Shak.
2. To be worn by rubbing; as, a cable
chafes.
3. To have a feeling of vexation; to be
vexed; to fret; to be irritated. Spenser.
He will chafe at the doctor's marrying my
daughter.
Shak.
Chafe, n. 1.
Heat excited by friction.
2. Injury or wear caused by
friction.
3. Vexation; irritation of mind;
rage.
The cardinal in a chafe sent for him to
Whitehall.
Camden.
Chaf"er (?), n. 1.
One who chafes.
2. A vessel for heating water; -- hence,
a dish or pan.
A chafer of water to cool the ends of the
irons.
Baker.
Chaf"er, n. [AS. ceafor;
akin to D. kever, G këfer.]
(Zoöl.) A kind of beetle; the cockchafer. The
name is also applied to other species; as, the rose
chafer.
Chaf"er*y (?), n. [See
Chafe, v. t.] (Iron Works)
An open furnace or forge, in which blooms are heated before
being wrought into bars.
{ Chafe"wax` (?), or Chaff"wax` (?), }
n. (Eng. Law) Formerly a chancery
officer who fitted wax for sealing writs and other
documents.
Chafe"weed` (?), n. (Bot.)
The cudweed (Gnaphalium), used to prevent or cure
chafing.
Chaff (?), n. [AC. ceaf;
akin to D. kaf, G. kaff.]
1. The glumes or husks of grains and
grasses separated from the seed by threshing and winnowing,
etc.
So take the corn and leave the chaff
behind.
Dryden.
Old birds are not caught with caff.
Old Proverb.
2. Anything of a comparatively light and
worthless character; the refuse part of anything.
The chaff and ruin of the times.
Shak.
3. Straw or hay cut up fine for the food
of cattle.
By adding chaff to his corn, the horse must
take more time to eat it. In this way chaff is very
useful.
Ywatt.
4. Light jesting talk; banter;
raillery.
5. (Bot.) The scales or bracts on
the receptacle, which subtend each flower in the heads of many
Compositæ, as the sunflower. Gray.
Chaff cutter, a machine for cutting, up
straw, etc., into "chaff" for the use of cattle.
Chaff, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Chaffed (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Chaffing.] To use light, idle language
by way of fun or ridicule; to banter.
Chaff, v. t. To make fun of;
to turn into ridicule by addressing in ironical or bantering
language; to quiz.
Morgan saw that his master was chaffing
him.
Thackeray.
A dozen honest fellows . . . chaffed each
other about their sweethearts.
C. Kingsley.
Chaff"er, n. One who
chaffs.
Chaf"fer (?), n. [OE.
chaffare, cheapfare; AS. ceáp a
bargain, price + faru a journey; hence, originally, a
going to barain, to market. See Cheap, and Fare.]
Bargaining; merchandise. [Obs.] Holished.
Chaf"fer, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Chaffered (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Chaffering.] [OE. chaffaren, fr.
chaffare, chapfare, cheapfare, a bargaining.
See Chaffer, n.]
1. To treat or dispute about a purchase;
to bargain; to haggle or higgle; to negotiate.
To chaffer for preferments with his
gold.
Dryden.
2. To talk much and idly; to
chatter. Trench.
Chaf"fer, v. t. 1.
To buy or sell; to trade in.
He chaffered chairs in which churchmen were
set.
Spenser.
2. To exchange; to bandy, as words.
Spenser.
Chaf"fer*er (?), n. One who
chaffers; a bargainer.
Chaf"fern (?), n. [See
Chafe, v. t.] A vessel for heating
water. [Obs.] Johnson.
Chaf"fer*y, n. Traffic;
bargaining. [Obs.] Spenser.
Chaf"finch (?), n. [Cf. Chiff-
chaff.] (Zoöl.) A bird of Europe
(Fringilla cœlebs), having a variety of very sweet
songs, and highly valued as a cage bird; -- called also copper
finch.
Chaff"ing (?), n. The use of
light, frivolous language by way of fun or ridicule; raillery;
banter.
Chaff"less, a. Without
chaff.
Chaff"y (?), a. 1.
Abounding in, or resembling, chaff.
Chaffy grain beneath the thresher's
flail.
Coleridge.
2. Light or worthless as chaff.
Slight and chaffy opinion.
Glanvill.
3. (Bot.) (a)
Resembling chaff; composed of light dry scales.
(b) Bearing or covered with dry scales, as
the under surface of certain ferns, or the disk of some composite
flowers.
Chaf"ing (?), n. [See Chafe,
v. t.] The act of rubbing, or wearing by
friction; making by rubbing.
Chafing dish, a dish or vessel for
cooking on the table, or for keeping food warm, either by coals,
by a lamp, or by hot water; a portable grate for coals. --
Chafing gear (Naut.), any material
used to protect sails, rigging, or the like, at points where they
are exposed to friction.
Cha*green" (?), n. See
Shagreen.
Cha*grin" (?), n. [F., fr.
chagrin shagreen, a particular kind of rough and grained
leather; also a rough fishskin used for graters and files; hence
(Fig.), a gnawing, corroding grief. See Shagreen.]
Vexation; mortification.
I must own that I felt rather vexation and
chagrin than hope and satisfaction.
Richard Porson.
Hear me, and touch Belinda with
chagrin.
Pope.
Syn. -- Vexation; mortification; peevishness;
fretfulness; disgust; disquiet. Chagrin, Vexation,
Mortification. These words agree in the general sense of
pain produced by untoward circumstances. Vexation is a
feeling of disquietude or irritating uneasiness from numerous
causes, such as losses, disappointments, etc.
Mortification is a stronger word, and denotes that keen
sense of pain which results from wounded pride or humiliating
occurrences. Chagrin is literally the cutting pain
produced by the friction of Shagreen leather; in its
figurative sense, it varies in meaning, denoting in its lower
degrees simply a state of vexation, and its higher degrees the
keenest sense of mortification.
"Vexation arises chiefly from our wishes and views
being crossed: mortification, from our self-importance
being hurt; chagrin, from a mixture of the two."
Crabb.
Cha*grin", v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Chagrined (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Chargrining.] [Cf. F. chagriner See
Chagrin, n.] To excite ill-humor
in; to vex; to mortify; as, he was not a little
chagrined.
Cha*grin", v. i. To be vexed
or annoyed. Fielding.
Cha*grin", a. Chagrined.
Dryden.
Chain (?), n. [F.
chaîne, fr. L. catena. Cf. Catenate.]
1. A series of links or rings, usually of
metal, connected, or fitted into one another, used for various
purposes, as of support, of restraint, of ornament, of the
exertion and transmission of mechanical power, etc.
[They] put a chain of gold about his
neck.
Dan. v. 29.
2. That which confines, fetters, or
secures, as a chain; a bond; as, the chains of
habit.
Driven down
To chains of darkness and the undying worm.
Milton.
3. A series of things linked together; or
a series of things connected and following each other in
succession; as, a chain of mountains; a chain of
events or ideas.
4. (Surv.) An instrument which
consists of links and is used in measuring land.
&fist; One commonly in use is Gunter's chain, which
consists of one hundred links, each link being seven inches and
ninety-two one hundredths in length; making up the total length
of rods, or sixty-six, feet; hence, a measure of that length;
hence, also, a unit for land measure equal to four rods square,
or one tenth of an acre.
5. pl. (Naut.) Iron links
bolted to the side of a vessel to bold the dead-eyes connected
with the shrouds; also, the channels.
6. (Weaving) The warp threads of a
web. Knight.
Chain belt (Mach.), a belt made
of a chain; -- used for transmitting power. -- Chain
boat, a boat fitted up for recovering lost cables,
anchors, etc. -- Chain bolt
(a) (Naut.) The bolt at the lower end
of the chain plate, which fastens it to the vessel's side.
(b) A bolt with a chain attached for drawing
it out of position. -- Chain bond. See
Chain timber. -- Chain bridge,
a bridge supported by chain cables; a suspension bridge.
-- Chain cable, a cable made of iron
links. -- Chain coral (Zoöl.),
a fossil coral of the genus Halysites, common in the
middle and upper Silurian rocks. The tubular corallites are
united side by side in groups, looking in an end view like links
of a chain. When perfect, the calicles show twelve septa. --
Chain coupling. (a) A
shackle for uniting lengths of chain, or connecting a chain with
an object. (b) (Railroad)
Supplementary coupling together of cars with a chain. --
Chain gang, a gang of convicts chained
together. -- Chain hook (Naut.),
a hook, used for dragging cables about the deck. --
Chain mail, flexible, defensive armor of
hammered metal links wrought into the form of a garment. --
Chain molding (Arch.), a form of
molding in imitation of a chain, used in the Normal style. -
- Chain pier, a pier suspended by
chain. -- Chain pipe (Naut.),
an opening in the deck, lined with iron, through which the
cable is passed into the lockers or tiers. -- Chain
plate (Shipbuilding), one of the iron plates
or bands, on a vessel's side, to which the standing rigging is
fastened. -- Chain pulley, a pulley
with depressions in the periphery of its wheel, or projections
from it, made to fit the links of a chain. -- Chain
pumps. See in the Vocabulary. -- Chain
rule (Arith.), a theorem for solving
numerical problems by composition of ratios, or compound
proportion, by which, when several ratios of equality are given,
the consequent of each being the same as the antecedent of the
next, the relation between the first antecedent and the last
consequent is discovered. -- Chain shot
(Mil.), two cannon balls united by a shot chain,
formerly used in naval warfare on account of their destructive
effect on a ship's rigging. -- Chain
stitch. See in the Vocabulary. --
Chain timber. (Arch.) See Bond
timber, under Bond. -- Chain
wales. (Naut.) Same as Channels.
-- Chain wheel. See in the Vocabulary.
-- Closed chain, Open chain
(Chem.), terms applied to the chemical structure of
compounds whose rational formulæ are written respectively
in the form of a closed ring (see Benzene nucleus, under
Benzene), or in an open extended form. --
Endless chain, a chain whose ends have been
united by a link.
Chain, v. t. [imp. p.
p. Chained (chānd); p. pr. & vb.
n. Chaining.] 1. To fasten,
bind, or connect with a chain; to fasten or bind securely, as
with a chain; as, to chain a bulldog.
Chained behind the hostile car.
Prior.
2. To keep in slavery; to
enslave.
And which more blest? who chained his
country, say
Or he whose virtue sighed to lose a day?
Pope.
3. To unite closely and
strongly.
And in this vow do chain my soul to
thine.
Shak.
4. (Surveying) To measure with the
chain.
5. To protect by drawing a chain across,
as a harbor.
Chain"less (?), a. Having no
chain; not restrained or fettered. "The chainless
mind." Byron.
Chain"let (?), n. A small
chain. Sir W. Scott.
Chain" pump` (?). A pump consisting of an
endless chain, running over a drum or wheel by which it is moved,
and dipping below the water to be raised. The chain has at
intervals disks or lifts which fit the tube through which the
ascending part passes and carry the water to the point of
discharge.
Chain" stitch` (?). 1. An
ornamental stitch like the links of a chain; -- used in
crocheting, sewing, and embroidery.
2. (Machine Sewing) A stitch in
which the looping of the thread or threads forms a chain on the
under side of the work; the loop stitch, as distinguished from
the lock stitch. See Stitch.
Chain" wheel` (?). 1. A chain
pulley, or sprocket wheel.
2. An inversion of the chain pump, by
which it becomes a motor driven by water.
Chain"work` (?), n. Work
looped or linked after the manner of a chain; chain stitch
work.
Chair (?), n. [OE. chaiere,
chaere, OF. chaiere, chaere, F.
chaire pulpit, fr. L. cathedra chair, armchair, a
teacher's or professor's chair, Gr. &?; down + &?; seat, &?; to
sit, akin to E. sit. See Sit, and cf.
Cathedral, chaise.]
1. A movable single seat with a
back.
2. An official seat, as of a chief
magistrate or a judge, but esp. that of a professor; hence, the
office itself.
The chair of a philosophical school.
Whewell.
A chair of philology.
M. Arnold.
3. The presiding officer of an assembly;
a chairman; as, to address the chair.
4. A vehicle for one person; either a
sedan borne upon poles, or two-wheeled carriage, drawn by one
horse; a gig. Shak.
Think what an equipage thou hast in air,
And view with scorn two pages and a chair.
Pope.
5. An iron block used on railways to
support the rails and secure them to the sleepers.
Chair days, days of repose and age.
-- To put into the chair, to elect as
president, or as chairman of a meeting. Macaulay. --
To take the chair, to assume the position
of president, or of chairman of a meeting.
Chair, v. t. [imp. & p.
pr. Chaired (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Chairing.] 1. To place
in a chair.
2. To carry publicly in a chair in
triumph. [Eng.]
Chair"man (?), n.; pl.
Chairmen (&?;). 1. The
presiding officer of a committee, or of a public or private
meeting, or of any organized body.
2. One whose business it is to cary a
chair or sedan.
Breaks watchmen's heads and chairmen's
glasses.
Prior.
Chair"man*ship, n. The office
of a chairman of a meeting or organized body.
Chaise (shāz), n. [F.
chaise seat, or chair, chaise or carriage, for
chaire, from a peculiar Parisian pronunciation. See
Chair.] 1. A two-wheeled carriage for
two persons, with a calash top, and the body hung on leather
straps, or thorough-braces. It is usually drawn by one
horse.
2. Loosely, a carriage in general.
Cowper.
||Cha"ja (?), n. [Native name.]
(Zoöl.) The crested screamer of Brazil
(Palamedea, or Chauna, chavaria), so called in imitation
of its notes; -- called also chauna, and faithful
kamichi. It is often domesticated and is useful in guarding
other poultry. See Kamichi.
||Cha*la"za (?), n.; pl. E.
Chalazas, L. Chalazæ
(#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; hail, pimple.] 1.
(Bot.) The place on an ovule, or seed, where its
outer coats cohere with each other and the nucleus.
2. (Biol.) A spiral band of
thickened albuminous substance which exists in the white of the
bird's egg, and serves to maintain the yolk in its position; the
treadle.
Cha*la"zal (?), a. Of or
pertaining to the chalaza.
Cha*laze" (?), n. Same as
Chalaza.
Chal`a*zif"er*ous (?), a.
[Chalaza + -ferous.] Having or bearing
chalazas.
||Cha*la"zi*on (?), n. [NL., fr.
Gr. &?; dim. of &?; hail, pimple.] (Med.) A small
circumscribed tumor of the eyelid caused by retention of
secretion, and by inflammation of the Melbomian glands.
Chal*can"thite (?), n. [L.
chalcanthum a solution of blue vitriol, Gr. &?;.]
(Min.) Native blue vitriol. See Blue vitriol,
under Blue.
Chal"ce*don"ic (?), a. Of or
pertaining to chalcedony.
Chal*ced"o*ny (kăl*s&ebreve;d"&osl;*n&ybreve;
or kăl"s&esl;*d&osl;*n&ybreve;; 277),
n.; pl. Chalcedonies
(-n&ibreve;z). [ L. chalcedonius, fr. Gr.
CHalkhdw`n Chalcedon, a town in Asia Minor, opposite
to Byzantium: cf. calcédoine, OE.
calcidoine, casidoyne. Cf. Cassidony.]
(Min.) A cryptocrystalline, translucent variety of
quartz, having usually a whitish color, and a luster nearly like
wax. [Written also calcedony.]
&fist; When chalcedony is variegated with with spots or
figures, or arranged in differently colored layers, it is called
agate; and if by reason of the thickness, color, and
arrangement of the layers it is suitable for being carved into
cameos, it is called onyx. Chrysoprase is green
chalcedony; carnelian, a flesh red, and sard, a
brownish red variety.
||Chal`chi*huitl" (ch&adot;l`ch&esl;*w&esl;tl"),
n. (Min.) The Mexican name for
turquoise. See Turquoise.
Chal"cid fly` (?). [From Gr. chalko`s
copper; in allusion to its metallic colors.] (Zoöl.)
One of a numerous family of hymenopterous insects
(Chalcididæ. Many are gallflies, others are
parasitic on insects.
Chal*cid"i*an (?), n. [L.
chalcis a lizard, Gr. chalki`s.]
(Zoöl.) One of a tropical family of snakelike
lizards (Chalcidæ), having four small or rudimentary
legs.
Chal"co*cite (?), n. [Gr.
chalko`s brass.] (Min.) Native copper
sulphide, called also copper glance, and vitreous
copper; a mineral of a black color and metallic luster.
[Formerly written chalcosine.]
{ Chal*cog"ra*pher (?), Chal*cog"ra*phist
(?), } n. An engraver on copper or brass;
hence, an engraver of copper plates for printing upon
paper.
Chal*cog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr.
chalko`s copper, brass + -graphy.] The act
or art of engraving on copper or brass, especially of engraving
for printing.
Chal`co*pyr"ite (?), n. [Gr.
chalko`s brass + E. pyrite. So named from its
color.] (Min.) Copper pyrites, or yellow copper ore;
a common ore of copper, containing copper, iron, and sulphur. It
occurs massive and in tetragonal crystals of a bright brass
yellow color.
Chal*da"ic (?), a. [L.
Chaldaicus.] Of or pertaining to Chaldea. --
n. The language or dialect of the
Chaldeans; Chaldee.
Chal"da*ism (?), n. An idiom
or peculiarity in the Chaldee dialect.
Chal*de"an (?), a. [L.
Chaldaeus.] Of or pertaining to Chaldea. --
n. (a) A native or
inhabitant of Chaldea. (b) A learned
man, esp. an astrologer; -- so called among the Eastern nations,
because astrology and the kindred arts were much cultivated by
the Chaldeans. (c)
Nestorian.
Chal"dee (?), a. Of or
pertaining to Chaldea. -- n. The
language or dialect of the Chaldeans; eastern Aramaic, or the
Aramaic used in Chaldea.
Chaldee Paraphrase, A targum written in
Aramaic.
{ Chal"drich (?), Chal"der (?), }
n. [Icel. tjaldr.] (Zoöl.)
A kind of bird; the oyster catcher.
Chal"dron (?), n. [OF.
chaldron, F. chaudron kettle. The same word as
caldron.] An English dry measure, being, at London,
36 bushels heaped up, or its equivalent weight, and more than
twice as much at Newcastle. Now used exclusively for coal and
coke.
&fist; In the United States the chaldron is ordinarily
2,940 lbs, but at New York it is 2,500 lbs. De
Colange.
||Cha*let" (?), n. [F.]
1. A herdsman's hut in the mountains of
Switzerland.
Chalets are summer huts for the Swiss
herdsmen.
Wordsworth.
2. A summer cottage or country house in
the Swiss mountains; any country house built in the style of the
Swiss cottages.
Chal"ice (?), n. [OR.
chalis, calice, OF. chalice, calice,
F. calice, fr. L. calix, akin to Gr. &?; and E.
helmet. Cf. Calice, Calyx.] A cup or
bowl; especially, the cup used in the sacrament of the Lord's
Supper.
Chal"iced (?), a. Having a
calyx or cup; cup-shaped. "Chaliced flowers."
Shak.
Chalk (?), n. [AS. cealc
lime, from L. calx limestone. See Calz, and
Cawk.] 1. (Min.) A soft,
earthy substance, of a white, grayish, or yellowish white color,
consisting of calcium carbonate, and having the same composition
as common limestone.
2. (Fine Arts) Finely prepared
chalk, used as a drawing implement; also, by extension, a
compound, as of clay and black lead, or the like, used in the
same manner. See Crayon.
Black chalk, a mineral of a bluish
color, of a slaty texture, and soiling the fingers when handled;
a variety of argillaceous slate. -- By a long
chalk, by a long way; by many degrees. [Slang]
Lowell. -- Chalk drawing (Fine
Arts), a drawing made with crayons. See
Crayon. -- Chalk formation. See
Cretaceous formation, under Cretaceous. --
Chalk line, a cord rubbed with chalk, used
for making straight lines on boards or other material, as a guide
in cutting or in arranging work. -- Chalk
mixture, a preparation of chalk, cinnamon, and
sugar in gum water, much used in diarrheal affection, esp. of
infants. -- Chalk period. (Geol.)
See Cretaceous period, under Cretaceous. -
- Chalk pit, a pit in which chalk is
dug. -- Drawing chalk. See
Crayon, n., 1. -- French
chalk, steatite or soapstone, a soft magnesian
mineral. -- Red chalk, an indurated
clayey ocher containing iron, and used by painters and
artificers; reddle.
Chalk, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Chalked (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Chalking.] 1. To rub or
mark with chalk.
2. To manure with chalk, as land.
Morimer.
3. To make white, as with chalk; to make
pale; to bleach. Tennyson.
Let a bleak paleness chalk the door.
Herbert.
To chalk out, to sketch with, or as
with, chalk; to outline; to indicate; to plan. [Colloq.] "I
shall pursue the plan I have chalked out."
Burke.
Chalk"cut`ter (?), n. A man
who digs chalk.
Chalk"i*ness (?), n. The state
of being chalky.
Chalk"stone` (?), n.
1. A mass of chalk.
As chalkstones . . . beaten in sunder.
Isa. xxvii. 9.
2. (Med.) A chalklike concretion,
consisting mainly of urate of sodium, found in and about the
small joints, in the external ear, and in other situations, in
those affected with gout; a tophus.
Chalk"y (?), a. Consisting of,
or resembling, chalk; containing chalk; as, a chalky
cliff; a chalky taste.
Chal"lenge (?), n. [OE.
chalenge claim, accusation, challenge, OF.
chalenge, chalonge, claim, accusation, contest, fr.
L. calumnia false accusation, chicanery. See
Calumny.] 1. An invitation to engage
in a contest or controversy of any kind; a defiance;
specifically, a summons to fight a duel; also, the letter or
message conveying the summons.
A challenge to controversy.
Goldsmith.
2. The act of a sentry in halting any one
who appears at his post, and demanding the countersign.
3. A claim or demand. [Obs.]
There must be no challenge of
superiority.
Collier.
4. (Hunting) The opening and
crying of hounds at first finding the scent of their
game.
5. (Law) An exception to a juror
or to a member of a court martial, coupled with a demand that he
should be held incompetent to act; the claim of a party that a
certain person or persons shall not sit in trial upon him or his
cause. Blackstone
6. An exception to a person as not
legally qualified to vote. The challenge must be made when the
ballot is offered. [U. S.]
Challenge to the array (Law), an
exception to the whole panel. -- Challenge to the
favor, the alleging a special cause, the
sufficiency of which is to be left to those whose duty and office
it is to decide upon it. -- Challenge to the
polls, an exception taken to any one or more of the
individual jurors returned. -- Peremptory
challenge, a privilege sometimes allowed to
defendants, of challenging a certain number of jurors (fixed by
statute in different States) without assigning any cause. --
Principal challenge, that which the law
allows to be sufficient if found to be true.
Chal"lenge, v. t. [imp. &
p. p. Challenged (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Challenging.] [OE. chalengen to
accuse, claim, OF. chalengier, chalongier, to
claim, accuse, dispute, fr. L. calumniar to attack with
false accusations. See Challenge, n.,
and cf. Calumniate.] 1. To call to a
contest of any kind; to call to answer; to defy.
I challenge any man to make any pretense to
power by right of fatherhood.
Locke.
2. To call, invite, or summon to answer
for an offense by personal combat.
By this I challenge him to single
fight.
Shak.
3. To claim as due; to demand as a
right.
Challenge better terms.
Addison.
4. To censure; to blame. [Obs.]
He complained of the emperors . . . and
challenged them for that he had no greater revenues . . .
from them.
Holland.
5. (Mil.) To question or demand
the countersign from (one who attempts to pass the lines); as,
the sentinel challenged us, with "Who comes
there?"
6. To take exception to; question; as, to
challenge the accuracy of a statement or of a
quotation.
7. (Law) To object to or take
exception to, as to a juror, or member of a court.
8. To object to the reception of the vote
of, as on the ground that the person in not qualified as a
voter. [U. S.]
To challenge to the array, favor,
polls. See under Challenge,
n.
Chal"lenge, v. i. To assert a
right; to claim a place.
Where nature doth with merit challenge.
Shak.
Chal"lenge*a*ble (?), a. That
may be challenged.
Chal"len*ger (?), n. One who
challenges.
Chal"lis (?), n. [F. chaly,
challis, a stuff made of goat's hair.] A soft and
delicate woolen, or woolen and silk, fabric, for ladies'
dresses. [Written also chally.]
Cha"lon (?), n. A bed
blanket. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Cha*lyb"e*an (?), a. [L.
chalybeïus, fr. chalybs steel, Gr. &?;.]
1. Of or pertaining to the Chalybes, an
ancient people of Pontus in Asia Minor, celebrated for working in
iron and steel.
2. Of superior quality and temper; --
applied to steel. [Obs.] Milton.
Cha*lyb"e*ate (?), a. [NL.
chalybeatus, fr. chalubeïus. See
Chalubean.] Impregnated with salts of iron; having a
taste like iron; as, chalybeate springs.
Cha*lyb"e*ate, n. Any water,
liquid, or medicine, into which iron enters as an
ingredient.
Cha*lyb"e*ous (?), a.
(Zoöl.) Steel blue; of the color of tempered
steel.
Chal"y*bite (?), n. (Min.)
Native iron carbonate; -- usually called
siderite.
Cham (?), v. t. [See Chap.]
To chew. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Sir T. More.
Cham (?), n. [See Khan.]
The sovereign prince of Tartary; -- now usually written
khan. Shak.
Cha*made (?), n. [F.
chamade, fr. Pg. chamada, fr. chamar to
call, fr. L. clamare.] (Mil.) A signal made
for a parley by beat of a drum.
They beat the chamade, and sent us carte
blanche.
Addison.
||Cha"mal (?), n. [Native name.]
(Zoöl.) The Angora goat. See Angora goat,
under Angora.
Cham"ber (?), n. [F.
chambre, fr. L. camera vault, arched roof, in LL.
chamber, fr. Gr. &?; anything with a vaulted roof or arched
covering; cf. Skr. kmar to be crooked. Cf. Camber,
Camera, Comrade.]
1. A retired room, esp. an upper room
used for sleeping; a bedroom; as, the house had four
chambers.
2. pl. Apartments in a lodging
house. "A bachelor's life in chambers."
Thackeray.
3. A hall, as where a king gives
audience, or a deliberative body or assembly meets; as, presence
chamber; senate chamber.
4. A legislative or judicial body; an
assembly; a society or association; as, the Chamber of
Deputies; the Chamber of Commerce.
5. A compartment or cell; an inclosed
space or cavity; as, the chamber of a canal lock; the
chamber of a furnace; the chamber of the
eye.
6. pl. (Law.) A room or
rooms where a lawyer transacts business; a room or rooms where a
judge transacts such official business as may be done out of
court.
7. A chamber pot. [Colloq.]
8. (Mil.) (a) That
part of the bore of a piece of ordnance which holds the charge,
esp. when of different diameter from the rest of the bore; --
formerly, in guns, made smaller than the bore, but now larger,
esp. in breech-loading guns. (b) A
cavity in a mine, usually of a cubical form, to contain the
powder. (c) A short piece of ordnance
or cannon, which stood on its breech, without any carriage,
formerly used chiefly for rejoicings and theatrical
cannonades.
Air chamber. See Air chamber, in
the Vocabulary. -- Chamber of commerce,
a board or association to protect the interests of commerce,
chosen from among the merchants and traders of a city. --
Chamber council, a secret council.
Shak. -- Chamber counsel or
counselor, a counselor who gives his opinion in
private, or at his chambers, but does not advocate causes in
court. -- Chamber fellow, a chamber
companion; a roommate; a chum. -- Chamber
hangings, tapestry or hangings for a chamber.
-- Chamber lye, urine. Shak. --
Chamber music, vocal or instrumental music
adapted to performance in a chamber or small apartment or
audience room, instead of a theater, concert hall, or
church. -- Chamber practice (Law.),
the practice of counselors at law, who give their opinions in
private, but do not appear in court. -- To sit at
chambers, to do business in chambers, as a
judge.
Cham"ber (?), v. i. [imp. &
p. p. Chambered (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Chambering.] 1. To
reside in or occupy a chamber or chambers.
2. To be lascivious. [Obs.]
Cham"ber, v. t. 1.
To shut up, as in a chamber. Shak.
2. To furnish with a chamber; as, to
chamber a gun.
Cham"bered (?), a. Having a
chamber or chambers; as, a chambered shell; a
chambered gun.
Cham"ber*er (?), n.
1. One who attends in a chamber; a
chambermaid. [Obs.] Chaucer.
2. A civilian; a carpetmonger.
[Obs.]
Cham"ber*ing, n.
Lewdness. [Obs.] Rom. xiii. 13.
Cham"ber*lain (?), n. [OF.
chamberlain, chambrelencF. chambellon, OHG.
chamerling, chamarlinc, G. kämmerling,
kammer chamber (fr. L. camera) + -ling. See
Chamber, and -ling.] [Formerly written
chamberlin.] 1. An officer or servant
who has charge of a chamber or chambers.
2. An upper servant of an inn.
[Obs.]
3. An officer having the direction and
management of the private chambers of a nobleman or monarch;
hence, in Europe, one of the high officers of a court.
4. A treasurer or receiver of public
money; as, the chamberlain of London, of North Wales,
etc.
The lord chamberlain of England, an
officer of the crown, who waits upon the sovereign on the day of
coronation, and provides requisites for the palace of
Westminster, and for the House of Lords during the session of
Parliament. Under him are the gentleman of the black rod and
other officers. His office is distinct from that of the lord
chamberlain of the Household, whose functions relate to the
royal housekeeping.
Cham"ber*lain*ship, n. Office
of a chamberlain.
Cham"ber*maid` (?), n.
1. A maidservant who has the care of
chambers, making the beds, sweeping, cleaning the rooms,
etc.
2. A lady's maid. [Obs.]
Johnson.
||Cham`ber*tin" (?), n. A red
wine from Chambertin near Dijon, in Burgundy.
Cham"brel (?), n. Same as
Gambrel.
||Cha*meck" (?), n. [Native
Brazilian name.] (Zoöl.) A kind of spider monkey
(Ateles chameck), having the thumbs rudimentary and
without a nail.
Cha*me"le*on (k&adot;*mē"l&esl;*ŭn),
n. [L. Chamaeleon, Gr.
chamaile`wn, lit., "ground lion;" chamai`
on the ground + le`wn lion. See Humble, and
Lion.] (Zoöl.) A lizardlike reptile of
the genus Chamæleo, of several species, found in
Africa, Asia, and Europe. The skin is covered with fine
granulations; the tail is prehensile, and the body is much
compressed laterally, giving it a high back.
&fist; Its color changes more or less with the color of the
objects about it, or with its temper when disturbed. In a cool,
dark place it is nearly white, or grayish; on admitting the
light, it changes to brown, bottle-green, or blood red, of
various shades, and more or less mottled in arrangment. The
American chameleons belong to Anolis and allied genera of
the family Iguanidæ. They are more slender in form
than the true chameleons, but have the same power of changing
their colors.
Chameleon mineral (Chem.), the
compound called potassium permanganate, a dark violet,
crystalline substance, KMnO4, which in formation
passes through a peculiar succession of color from green to blue,
purple, red, etc. See Potassium permanganate, under
Potassium.
Cha*me"le*on*ize (?), v. t. To
change into various colors. [R.]
Cham"fer (?), n. [See
Chamfron.] The surface formed by cutting away the
arris, or angle, formed by two faces of a piece of timber, stone,
etc.
Cham"fer, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Chamfered ; p. pr. & vb. n.
Chamfering. (&?;)]
1. (Carp.) To cut a furrow in, as
in a column; to groove; to channel; to flute.
2. To make a chamfer on.
Cham"fret (?), n. [See
Chamfron.] 1. (Carp.) A small
gutter; a furrow; a groove.
2. A chamfer.
Cham"fron (?), n. [F.
chanfrein.] (Anc. Armor) The frontlet, or head
armor, of a horse. [Written also champfrain and
chamfrain.]
Cham"let (?), n. See
Camlet. [Obs.]
Cham"ois (shăm"m&ybreve; or
sh&adot;*moi"; 277), n. [F. chamois,
prob. fr. OG. gamz, G. gemse.]
1. (Zoöl.) A small species of
antelope (Rupicapra tragus), living on the loftiest
mountain ridges of Europe, as the Alps, Pyrenees, etc. It
possesses remarkable agility, and is a favorite object of
chase.
2. A soft leather made from the skin of
the chamois, or from sheepskin, etc.; -- called also chamois
leather, and chammy or shammy leather. See
Shammy.
Cham"o*mile (?), n. (Bot.)
See Camomile.
Champ (chămp), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Champed (chămt);
p. pr. & vb. n. Champing.] [Prob, of
Scand. orgin; cf. dial. Sw. kämsa to chew with
difficulty, champ; but cf. also OF. champier,
champeyer, champoyer, to graze in fields, fr. F.
champ field, fr. L. campus. Cf. Camp.]
1. To bite with repeated action of the teeth
so as to be heard.
Foamed and champed the golden bit.
Dryden.
2. To bite into small pieces; to
crunch. Steele.
Champ, v. i. To bite or chew
impatiently.
They began . . . irefully to champ upon the
bit.
Hooker.
{ Champ, Champe, } n. [F.
champ, L. campus field.] (Arch.) The
field or ground on which carving appears in relief.
Cham*pagne" (?), n. [F. See
Champaign.] A light wine, of several kinds,
originally made in the province of Champagne, in
France.
&fist; Champagne properly includes several kinds not
only of sparkling but of still wines; but in America the term is
usually restricted to wines which effervesce.
Cham*paign" (?), n. [OF.
champaigne; same word as campagne.] A flat,
open country.
Fair champaign, with less rivers
interveined.
Milton.
Through Apline vale or champaign wide.
Wordsworth.
Cham*paign", a. Flat; open;
level.
A wide, champaign country, filled with
herds.
Addison.
Champ"er (?), n. One who
champs, or bites.
Cham"per*tor (?), n. [F.
champarteur a divider of fields or field rent. See
Champerty.] (Law) One guilty of champerty; one
who purchases a suit, or the right of suing, and carries it on at
his own expense, in order to obtain a share of the
gain.
Cham"per*ty (?), n. [F.
champart field rent, L. campipars; champ (L.
campus) field + part (L. pars) share.]
1. Partnership in power; equal share of
authority. [Obs.]
Beauté ne sleighte, strengthe ne
hardyness,
Ne may with Venus holde champartye.
Chaucer.
2. (Law) The prosecution or
defense of a suit, whether by furnishing money or personal
services, by one who has no legitimate concern therein, in
consideration of an agreement that he shall receive, in the event
of success, a share of the matter in suit; maintenance with the
addition of an agreement to divide the thing in suit. See
Maintenance.
&fist; By many authorities champerty is defined as an
agreement of this nature. From early times the offence of
champerty has been forbidden and punishable.
Cham*pi"gnon (?), n. [F., a
mushroom, ultimately fr. L. campus field. See
Camp.] (Bot.) An edible species of mushroom
(Agaricus campestris).
Fairy ring champignon, the Marasmius
oreades, which has a strong flavor but is edible.
Cham"pi*on (chăm"p&ibreve;*ŭn),
n. [F. champion, fr. LL. campio,
of German origin; cf. OHG. chempho, chemphio,
fighter, champf, G. kampf, contest; perh.
influenced by L. campus field, taken in the sense of
"field of battle."] 1. One who engages in
any contest; esp. one who in ancient times contended in single
combat in behalf of another's honor or rights; or one who now
acts or speaks in behalf of a person or a cause; a defender; an
advocate; a hero.
A stouter champion never handled sword.
Shak.
Champions of law and liberty.
Fisher Ames.
2. One who by defeating all rivals, has
obtained an acknowledged supremacy in any branch of athletics or
game of skill, and is ready to contend with any rival; as, the
champion of England.
&fist; Champion is used attributively in the sense of
surpassing all competitors; overmastering; as,
champion pugilist; champion chess player.
Syn. -- Leader; chieftain; combatant; hero; warrior;
defender; protector.
Cham"pi*on, v. t. [imp. &
p. p. Championed (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Championing.] [Obs.] Shak.
2. To furnish with a champion; to attend
or defend as champion; to support or maintain; to
protect.
Championed or unchampioned, thou diest.
Sir W. Scott.
Cham"pi*on*ness (?), n. A
female champion. Fairfax.
Cham"pi*on*ship, n. State of
being champion; leadership; supremacy.
Cham*plain" pe"ri*od (?). (Geol.) A
subdivision of the Quaternary age immediately following the
Glacial period; -- so named from beds near Lake
Champlain.
&fist; The earlier deposits of this period are diluvial in
character, as if formed in connection with floods attending the
melting of the glaciers, while the later deposits are of finer
material in more quiet waters, as the alluvium.
||Cham*sin" (?), n. [F.] See
Kamsin.
Chance (ch&adot;ns), n. [F.
chance, OF. cheance, fr. LL. cadentia a
allusion to the falling of the dice), fr. L. cadere to
fall; akin to Skr. çad to fall, L. cedere to
yield, E. cede. Cf. Cadence.] 1.
A supposed material or psychical agent or mode of activity
other than a force, law, or purpose; fortune; fate; -- in this
sense often personified.
It is strictly and philosophically true in nature
and reason that there is no such thing as chance or
accident; it being evident that these words do not signify
anything really existing, anything that is truly an agent or the
cause of any event; but they signify merely men's ignorance of
the real and immediate cause.
Samuel Clark.
Any society into which chance might throw
him.
Macaulay.
That power
Which erring men call Chance.
Milton.
2. The operation or activity of such
agent.
By chance a priest came down that way.
Luke x. 31.
3. The supposed effect of such an agent;
something that befalls, as the result of unknown or unconsidered
forces; the issue of uncertain conditions; an event not
calculated upon; an unexpected occurrence; a happening; accident;
fortuity; casualty.
It was a chance that happened to us.
1 Sam. vi. 9.
The Knave of Diamonds tries his wily arts,
And wins (O shameful chance!) the Queen of Hearts.
Pope.
I spake of most disastrous chance.
Shak.
4. A possibility; a likelihood; an
opportunity; -- with reference to a doubtful result; as, a
chance to escape; a chance for life; the
chances are all against him.
So weary with disasters, tugged with fortune.
That I would get my life on any chance,
To mend it, or be rid on 't
Shak.
5. (Math.) Probability.
&fist; The mathematical expression, of a chance is the
ratio of frequency with which an event happens in the long run.
If an event may happen in a ways and may fail in b
ways, and each of these a + b ways is equally
likely, the chance, or probability, that the event will
happen is measured by the fraction a/a + b,
and the chance, or probability, that it will fail is
measured by b/a + b.
Chance comer, one who comes
unexpectedly. -- The last chance, the
sole remaining ground of hope. -- The main
chance, the chief opportunity; that upon which
reliance is had, esp. self-interest. -- Theory of
chances, Doctrine of chances
(Math.), that branch of mathematics which treats of
the probability of the occurrence of particular events, as the
fall of dice in given positions. -- To mind one's
chances, to take advantage of every circumstance;
to seize every opportunity.
Chance, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Chanced (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Chancing.] To happen, come, or arrive,
without design or expectation. "Things that chance
daily." Robynson (More's Utopia).
If a bird's nest chance to be before
thee.
Deut. xxii. 6.
I chanced on this letter.
Shak.
Often used impersonally; as, how chances it?
How chance, thou art returned so soon?
Shak.
Chance, v. t. 1.
To take the chances of; to venture upon; -- usually with
it as object.
Come what will, I will chance it.
W. D. Howells.
2. To befall; to happen to. [Obs.]
W. Lambarde.
Chance, a. Happening by
chance; casual.
Chance, adv. By chance;
perchance. Gray.
Chance"a*ble (?), a.
Fortuitous; casual. [Obs.]
Chance"a*bly, adv. By
chance. [Obs.]
Chance"ful (?), a.
Hazardous. [Obs.] Spenser.
Chan"cel (?), n. [OF.
chancel, F. chanceau, cancel, fr. L.
cancelli lattices, crossbars. (The chancel was
formerly inclosed with lattices or crossbars) See Cancel,
v. t.] (Arch.) (a)
That part of a church, reserved for the use of the clergy,
where the altar, or communion table, is placed. Hence, in
modern use; (b) All that part of a cruciform
church which is beyond the line of the transept farthest from the
main front.
Chancel aisle (Arch.), the aisle
which passes on either side of or around the chancel. --
Chancel arch (Arch.), the arch which
spans the main opening, leading to the chancel. --
Chancel casement, the principal window in a
chancel. Tennyson. -- Chancel
table, the communion table.
Chan"cel*ler*y (?), n. [Cf.
Chancery.] Chancellorship. [Obs.]
Gower.
Chan"cel*lor (?), n. [OE.
canceler, chaunceler, F. chancelier, LL.
cancellarius chancellor, a director of chancery, fr. L.
cancelli lattices, crossbars, which surrounded the seat of
judgment. See Chancel.] A judicial court of chancery,
which in England and in the United States is distinctively a
court with equity jurisdiction.
&fist; The chancellor was originally a chief scribe or
secretary under the Roman emperors, but afterward was invested
with judicial powers, and had superintendence over the other
officers of the empire. From the Roman empire this office passed
to the church, and every bishop has his chancellor, the principal
judge of his consistory. In later times, in most countries of
Europe, the chancellor was a high officer of state, keeper of the
great seal of the kingdom, and having the supervision of all
charters, and like public instruments of the crown, which were
authenticated in the most solemn manner. In France a secretary is
in some cases called a chancellor. In Scotland, the
appellation is given to the foreman of a jury, or assize. In the
present German empire, the chancellor is the president of
the federal council and the head of the imperial administration.
In the United States, the title is given to certain judges of
courts of chancery or equity, established by the statutes of
separate States. Blackstone. Wharton.
Chancellor of a bishop, or of a
diocese (R. C. Ch. & ch. of Eng.), a law
officer appointed to hold the bishop's court in his diocese, and
to assist him in matter of ecclesiastical law. --
Chancellor of a cathedral, one of the four
chief dignitaries of the cathedrals of the old foundation, and an
officer whose duties are chiefly educational, with special
reference to the cultivation of theology. --
Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, an
officer before whom, or his deputy, the court of the duchy
chamber of Lancaster is held. This is a special
jurisdiction. -- Chancellor of a
university, the chief officer of a collegiate body.
In Oxford, he is elected for life; in Cambridge, for a term of
years; and his office is honorary, the chief duties of it
devolving on the vice chancellor. -- Chancellor of
the exchequer, a member of the British cabinet upon
whom devolves the charge of the public income and expenditure as
the highest finance minister of the government. --
Chancellor of the order of the Garter (or other
military orders), an officer who seals the commissions and
mandates of the chapter and assembly of the knights, keeps the
register of their proceedings, and delivers their acts under the
seal of their order. -- Lord high chancellor of
England, the presiding judge in the court of
chancery, the highest judicial officer of the crown, and the
first lay person of the state after the blood royal. He is
created chancellor by the delivery into his custody of the great
seal, of which he becomes keeper. He is privy counselor by his
office, and prolocutor of the House of Lords by
prescription.
Chan"cel*lor*ship
(ch&adot;n"s&ebreve;l*l&etilde;r*sh&ibreve;p),
n. The office of a chancellor; the time
during which one is chancellor.
Chance"-med`ley (?), n.
[Chance + medley.] 1. (Law)
The killing of another in self-defense upon a sudden and
unpremeditated encounter. See Chaud-Medley.
&fist; The term has been sometimes applied to any kind of
homicide by misadventure, or to any accidental killing of a
person without premeditation or evil intent, but, in strictness,
is applicable to such killing as happens in defending one's self
against assault. Bouvier.
2. Luck; chance; accident.
Milton. Cowper.
Chan"cer*y (?), n. [F.
chancellerie, LL. cancellaria, from L.
cancellarius. See Chancellor, and cf.
Chancellery.] 1. In England,
formerly, the highest court of judicature next to the Parliament,
exercising jurisdiction at law, but chiefly in equity; but under
the jurisdiction act of 1873 it became the chancery division of
the High Court of Justice, and now exercises jurisdiction only in
equity.
2. In the Unites States, a court of
equity; equity; proceeding in equity.
&fist; A court of chancery, so far as it is a court of equity,
in the English and American sense, may be generally, if not
precisely, described as one having jurisdiction in cases of
rights, recognized and protected by the municipal jurisprudence,
where a plain, adequate, and complete remedy can not be had in
the courts of common law. In some of the American States,
jurisdiction at law and in equity centers in the same tribunal.
The courts of the United States also have jurisdiction both at
law and in equity, and in all such cases they exercise their
jurisdiction, as courts of law, or as courts of equity, as the
subject of adjudication may require. In others of the American
States, the courts that administer equity are distinct tribunals,
having their appropriate judicial officers, and it is to the
latter that the appellation courts of chancery is usually
applied; but, in American law, the terms equity and
court of equity are more frequently employed than the
corresponding terms chancery and court of chancery.
Burrill.
Inns of chancery. See under
Inn. -- To get (or to hold) In
chancery (Boxing), to get the head of an
antagonist under one's arm, so that one can pommel it with the
other fist at will; hence, to have wholly in One's power. The
allusion is to the condition of a person involved in the chancery
court, where he was helpless, while the lawyers lived upon his
estate.
Chan"cre (?), n. [F.
chancere. See Cancer.] (Med.) A
venereal sore or ulcer; specifically, the initial lesion of true
syphilis, whether forming a distinct ulcer or not; -- called also
hard chancre, indurated chancre, and Hunterian
chancre.
Soft chancre. A chancroid. See
Chancroid.
Chan"croid (?), n. [Chancre
+ -oil.] (Med.) A venereal sore, resembling a
chancre in its seat and some external characters, but differing
from it in being the starting point of a purely local process and
never of a systemic disease; -- called also soft
chancre.
Chan"crous (?), a. [Cf. F.
chancreux.] (Med.) Of the nature of a chancre;
having chancre.
Chan`de*lier" (?), n. [F. See
Chandler.] 1. A candlestick, lamp,
stand, gas fixture, or the like, having several branches; esp.,
one hanging from the ceiling.
2. (Fort.) A movable parapet,
serving to support fascines to cover pioneers. [Obs.]
Chan"dler (?), n. [F.
chandelier a candlestick, a maker or seller of candles,
LL. candelarius chandler, fr. L. candela candle.
See Candle, and cf. Chandelier.] 1.
A maker or seller of candles.
The chandler's basket, on his shoulder
borne,
With tallow spots thy coat.
Gay.
2. A dealer in other commodities, which
are indicated by a word prefixed; as, ship chandler, corn
chandler.
Chan"dler*ly (?), a. Like a
chandler; in a petty way. [Obs.] Milton.
Chan"dler*y (?), n.
Commodities sold by a chandler.
||Chan*doo" (?), n. An extract
or preparation of opium, used in China and India for
smoking. Balfour.
Chan"dry (?), n.
Chandlery. [Obs.] "Torches from the chandry."
B. Jonson.
Chan"frin (?), n. [F.
chanfrein. Cf. Chamfron.] The fore part of a
horse's head.
Change (chānj), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Changed (chānjd);
p. pr. & vb. n. Changing.] [F.
changer, fr. LL. cambiare, to exchange, barter, L.
cambire. Cf. Cambial.] 1. To
alter; to make different; to cause to pass from one state to
another; as, to change the position, character, or
appearance of a thing; to change the
countenance.
Therefore will I change their glory into
shame.
Hosea. iv. 7.
2. To alter by substituting something
else for, or by giving up for something else; as, to
change the clothes; to change one's occupation; to
change one's intention.
They that do change old love for new,
Pray gods, they change for worse!
Peele.
3. To give and take reciprocally; to
exchange; -- followed by with; as, to change place,
or hats, or money, with another.
Look upon those thousands with whom thou wouldst
not, for any interest, change thy fortune and
condition.
Jer. Taylor.
4. Specifically: To give, or receive,
smaller denominations of money (technically called change)
for; as, to change a gold coin or a bank bill.
He pulled out a thirty-pound note and bid me
change it.
Goldsmith.
To change a horse, or To change hand
(Man.), to turn or bear the horse's head from one hand
to the other, from the left to right, or from the right to the
left. -- To change hands, to change
owners. -- To change one's tune, to
become less confident or boastful. [Colloq.] -- To
change step, to take a break in the regular
succession of steps, in marching or walking, as by bringing the
hollow of one foot against the heel of the other, and then
stepping off with the foot which is in advance.
Syn. -- To alter; vary; deviate; substitute; innovate;
diversify; shift; veer; turn. See Alter.
Change, v. i. 1.
To be altered; to undergo variation; as, men sometimes
change for the better.
For I am Lord, I change not.
Mal. iii. 6.
2. To pass from one phase to another; as,
the moon changes to-morrow night.
Change, n. [F. change, fr.
changer. See Change. v. t.]
1. Any variation or alteration; a passing
from one state or form to another; as, a change of
countenance; a change of habits or principles.
Apprehensions of a change of dynasty.
Hallam.
All the days of my appointed time will I wait,
till my change come.
Job xiv. 14.
2. A succesion or substitution of one
thing in the place of another; a difference; novelty; variety;
as, a change of seasons.
Our fathers did for change to France
repair.
Dryden.
The ringing grooves of change.
Tennyson.
3. A passing from one phase to another;
as, a change of the moon.
4. Alteration in the order of a series;
permutation.
5. That which makes a variety, or may be
substituted for another.
Thirty change (R.V. changes) of
garments.
Judg. xiv. 12.
6. Small money; the money by means of
which the larger coins and bank bills are made available in small
dealings; hence, the balance returned when payment is tendered by
a coin or note exceeding the sum due.
7. [See Exchange.] A place where
merchants and others meet to transact business; a building
appropriated for mercantile transactions. [Colloq. for
Exchange.]
8. A public house; an alehouse.
[Scot.]
They call an alehouse a change.
Burt.
9. (Mus.) Any order in which a
number of bells are struck, other than that of the diatonic
scale.
Four bells admit twenty-four changes in
ringing.
Holder.
Change of life, the period in the life
of a woman when menstruation and the capacity for conception
cease, usually occurring between forty-five and fifty years of
age. -- Change ringing, the continual
production, without repetition, of changes on bells, See def. 9.
above. -- Change wheel (Mech.),
one of a set of wheels of different sizes and number of
teeth, that may be changed or substituted one for another in
machinery, to produce a different but definite rate of angular
velocity in an axis, as in cutting screws, gear, etc. --
To ring the changes on, to present the same
facts or arguments in variety of ways.
Syn. -- Variety; variation; alteration; mutation;
transition; vicissitude; innovation; novelty; transmutation;
revolution; reverse.
Change`a*bil"i*ty (?), n.
Changeableness.
Change"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F.
changeable.] 1. Capable of change;
subject to alteration; mutable; variable; fickle; inconstant; as,
a changeable humor.
2. Appearing different, as in color, in
different lights, or under different circumstances; as,
changeable silk.
Syn. -- Mutable; alterable; variable; inconstant;
fitful; vacillating; capricious; fickle; unstable; unsteady;
unsettled; wavering; erratic; giddy; volatile.
Change"a*ble*ness, n. The
quality of being changeable; fickleness; inconstancy;
mutability.
Change"a*bly, adv. In a
changeable manner.
Change"ful (?), a. Full of
change; mutable; inconstant; fickle; uncertain.
Pope.
His course had been changeful.
Motley.
-- Change"ful*ly, adv. --
Change"ful*ness, n.
Change"less, a. That can not
be changed; constant; as, a changeless purpose.
-- Change"less*ness, n.
Change"ling, n. [Change +
-ling.] 1. One who, or that which, is
left or taken in the place of another, as a child exchanged by
fairies.
Such, men do changelings call, so changed
by fairies' theft.
Spenser.
The changeling [a substituted writing]
never known.
Shak.
2. A simpleton; an idiot.
Macaulay.
Changelings and fools of heaven, and thence
shut out.
Wildly we roam in discontent about.
Dryden.
3. One apt to change; a waverer.
"Fickle changelings." Shak.
Change"ling, a. 1.
Taken or left in place of another; changed. "A little
changeling boy." Shak.
2. Given to change; inconstant.
[Obs.]
Some are so studiously changeling.
Boyle.
Chan"ger (?), n. 1.
One who changes or alters the form of anything.
2. One who deals in or changes
money. John ii. 14.
3. One apt to change; an inconstant
person.
||Chank" (chă&nsm;k), n.
[Skr. ça&ndot;kha. See Conch.]
(Zoöl.) The East Indian name for the large
spiral shell of several species of sea conch much used in making
bangles, esp. Turbinella pyrum. Called also chank
shell.
Chan"nel (chăn"n&ebreve;l),
n. [OE. chanel, canel, OF.
chanel, F. chenel, fr. L. canalis. See
Canal.] 1. The hollow bed where a
stream of water runs or may run.
2. The deeper part of a river, harbor,
strait, etc., where the main current flows, or which affords the
best and safest passage for vessels.
3. (Geog.) A strait, or narrow
sea, between two portions of lands; as, the British
Channel.
4. That through which anything passes;
means of passing, conveying, or transmitting; as, the news was
conveyed to us by different channels.
The veins are converging channels.
Dalton.
At best, he is but a channel to convey to
the National assembly such matter as may import that body to
know.
Burke.
5. A gutter; a groove, as in a fluted
column.
6. pl. [Cf. Chain wales.]
(Naut.) Flat ledges of heavy plank bolted edgewise to
the outside of a vessel, to increase the spread of the shrouds
and carry them clear of the bulwarks.
Channel bar, Channel iron
(Arch.), an iron bar or beam having a section
resembling a flat gutter or channel. -- Channel
bill (Zoöl.), a very large Australian
cuckoo (Scythrops Novæhollandiæ. --
Channel goose. (Zoöl.) See
Gannet.
Chan"nel, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Channeled (?), or Channelled;
p. pr. & vb. n. Channeling, or
Channelling.] 1. To form a channel
in; to cut or wear a channel or channels in; to groove.
No more shall trenching war channel her
fields.
Shak.
2. To course through or over, as in a
channel. Cowper.
Chan"nel*ing, n. 1.
The act or process of forming a channel or
channels.
2. A channel or a system of channels; a
groove.
Chan"son, n. [F., fr. L.
cantion song. See Cantion, Canzone.] A
song. Shak.
||Chan`son*nette" (?), n.;
pl. Chansonnettes (#). [F., dim. of
chanson.] A little song.
These pretty little chansonnettes that he
sung.
Black.
Chant (?), v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Chanted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Chanting.] [F. chanter, fr. L. cantare,
intens. of canere to sing. Cf. Cant affected
speaking, and see Hen.] 1. To utter
with a melodious voice; to sing.
The cheerful birds . . . do chant sweet
music.
Spenser.
2. To celebrate in song.
The poets chant in the theaters.
Bramhall.
3. (Mus.) To sing or recite after
the manner of a chant, or to a tune called a chant.
Chant, v. i. 1.
To make melody with the voice; to sing. "Chant
to the sound of the viol." Amos vi. 5.
2. (Mus.) To sing, as in reciting
a chant.
To chant (or chaunt)
horses, to sing their praise; to
overpraise; to cheat in selling. See Chaunter.
Thackeray.
Chant, n.[F. chant, fr. L.
cantus singing, song, fr. canere to sing. See
Chant, v. t.] 1.
Song; melody.
2. (Mus.) A short and simple
melody, divided into two parts by double bars, to which
unmetrical psalms, etc., are sung or recited. It is the most
ancient form of choral music.
3. A psalm, etc., arranged for
chanting.
4. Twang; manner of speaking; a canting
tone. [R.]
His strange face, his strange chant.
Macaulay.
Ambrosian chant, See under Ambrosian.
Chant royal [F.], in old French poetry, a
poem containing five strophes of eleven lines each, and a
concluding stanza. -- each of these six parts ending with a
common refrain. -- Gregorian chant.
See under Gregorian.
||Chan`tant" (?), a. [F. singing.]
(Mus.) Composed in a melodious and singing
style.
Chant"er (ch&adot;nt"&etilde;r), n.
[Cf. F. chanteur.] 1. One who chants;
a singer or songster. Pope.
2. The chief singer of the chantry.
J. Gregory.
3. The flute or finger pipe in a bagpipe.
See Bagpipe.
4. (Zoöl.) The hedge
sparrow.
||Chan`te*relle" (?), n. [F.]
(Bot.) A name for several species of mushroom, of
which one (Cantharellus cibrius) is edible, the others
reputed poisonous.
Chan"ti*cleer (chăn"t&ibreve;*klēr),
n. [F. Chanteclair, name of the cock in
the Roman du Renart (Reynard the Fox);
chanter to chant + clair clear. See Chant,
and Clear.] A cock, so called from the clearness or
loudness of his voice in crowing.
Chant"ing (ch&adot;nt"&ibreve;ng),
n. Singing, esp. as a chant is
sung.
Chanting falcon (Zoöl.), an
African falcon (Melierax canorus or musicus). The male has
the habit, remarkable in a bird of prey, of singing to his mate,
while she is incubating.
Chant"or (?), n. A
chanter.
Chant"ress (?), n. [Cf. OF.
chanteresse.] A female chanter or singer.
Milton.
Chant"ry (?), n.; pl.
Chantries (#). [OF. chanterie, fr.
chanter to sing.] 1. An endowment or
foundation for the chanting of masses and offering of prayers,
commonly for the founder.
2. A chapel or altar so endowed.
Cowell.
Cha"o*man`cy (?), n. [Gr. &?; the
atmosphere + -mancy.] Divination by means of
appearances in the air.
Cha"os (kā"&obreve;s), n. [L.
chaos chaos (in senses 1 & 2), Gr. cha`os, fr.
cha`inein (root cha) to yawn, to gape, to
open widely. Cf. Chasm.] 1. An empty,
immeasurable space; a yawning chasm. [Archaic]
Between us and there is fixed a great
chaos.
Luke xvi. 26 (Rhemish Trans.).
2. The confused, unorganized condition or
mass of matter before the creation of distinct and orderly
forms.
3. Any confused or disordered collection
or state of things; a confused mixture; confusion;
disorder.
Cha*ot"ic (k&asl;*&obreve;t"&ibreve;k),
a. Resembling chaos; confused.
Cha*ot"ic*al*ly (?), adv. In a
chaotic manner.
Chap (chăp or ch&obreve;p), v.
t. [imp. & p. p. Chapped
(chăpt or ch&obreve;pt); p. pr. & vb.
n. Chapping.] [See Chop to cut.]
1. To cause to open in slits or chinks; to
split; to cause the skin of to crack or become rough.
Then would unbalanced heat licentious reign,
Crack the dry hill, and chap the russet plain.
Blackmore.
Nor winter's blast chap her fair face.
Lyly.
2. To strike; to beat. [Scot.]
Chap, v. i. 1.
To crack or open in slits; as, the earth chaps; the
hands chap.
2. To strike; to knock; to rap.
[Scot.]
Chap, n. [From Chap, v.
t. & i.] 1. A cleft, crack, or chink, as
in the surface of the earth, or in the skin.
2. A division; a breach, as in a
party. [Obs.]
Many clefts and chaps in our council
board.
T. Fuller.
3. A blow; a rap. [Scot.]
Chap (ch&obreve;p), n. [OE.
chaft; of Scand. origin; cf. Icel kjaptr jaw, Sw.
Käft, D. kiæft; akin to G.
kiefer, and E. jowl. Cf. Chops.]
1. One of the jaws or the fleshy covering of
a jaw; -- commonly in the plural, and used of animals, and
colloquially of human beings.
His chaps were all besmeared with crimson
blood.
Cowley.
He unseamed him [Macdonald] from the nave to the
chaps.
Shak.
2. One of the jaws or cheeks of a vise,
etc.
Chap (chăp), n. [Perh.
abbreviated fr. chapman, but used in a more general sense;
or cf. Dan. kiæft jaw, person, E. chap jaw.]
1. A buyer; a chapman. [Obs.]
If you want to sell, here is your chap.
Steele.
2. A man or boy; a youth; a fellow.
[Colloq.]
Chap, v. i. [See Cheapen.]
To bargain; to buy. [Obs.]
||Cha`par*ral" (?), n. [Sp., fr.
chaparro an evergeen oak.] 1. A
thicket of low evergreen oaks.
2. An almost impenetrable thicket or
succession of thickets of thorny shrubs and brambles.
Chaparral cock; fem.
Chaparral hen (Zoöl.), a bird
of the cuckoo family (Geococcyx Californianus), noted for
running with great speed. It ranges from California to Mexico and
eastward to Texas; -- called also road runner, ground
cuckoo, churea, and snake killer.
Chap"book` (?), n. [See Chap
to cheapen.] Any small book carried about for sale by
chapmen or hawkers. Hence, any small book; a toy book.
Chape (?), n. [F., a churchman's
cope, a cover, a chape, fr. L. cappa. See Cap.]
1. The piece by which an object is attached
to something, as the frog of a scabbard or the metal loop at the
back of a buckle by which it is fastened to a strap.
2. The transverse guard of a sword or
dagger.
3. The metal plate or tip which protects
the end of a scabbard, belt, etc. Knight.
Cha`peau" (?), n.; pl.
Chapeux (#). [F., fr. OF. chapel hat.
See Chaplet.] 1. A hat or covering
for the head.
2. (Her.) A cap of maintenance.
See Maintenance.
||Chapeau bras (&?;) [F. chapeau hat
+ bras arm], a hat so made that it can be compressed
and carried under the arm without injury. Such hats were
particularly worn on dress occasions by gentlemen in the 18th
century. A chapeau bras is now worn in the United States
army by general and staff officers.
Chaped (?), p. p. or a.
Furnished with a chape or chapes. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Chap"el (?), n. [OF.
chapele, F. chapelle, fr. LL. capella,
orig., a short cloak, hood, or cowl; later, a reliquary, sacred
vessel, chapel; dim. of cappa, capa, cloak, cape,
cope; also, a covering for the head. The chapel where St.
Martin's cloak was preserved as a precious relic, itself came to
be called capella, whence the name was applied to similar
paces of worship, and the guardian of this cloak was called
capellanus, or chaplain. See Cap, and cf.
Chaplain., Chaplet.] 1. A
subordinate place of worship; as, (a)
a small church, often a private foundation, as for a
memorial; (b) a small building
attached to a church; (c) a room or
recess in a church, containing an altar.
&fist; In Catholic churches, and also in cathedrals and abbey
churches, chapels are usually annexed in the recesses on
the sides of the aisles. Gwilt.
2. A place of worship not connected with
a church; as, the chapel of a palace, hospital, or
prison.
3. In England, a place of worship used by
dissenters from the Established Church; a meetinghouse.
4. A choir of singers, or an orchestra,
attached to the court of a prince or nobleman.
5. (Print.) (a) A
printing office, said to be so called because printing was first
carried on in England in a chapel near Westminster Abbey.
(b) An association of workmen in a printing
office.
Chapel of ease. (a) A
chapel or dependent church built for the ease or a accommodation
of an increasing parish, or for parishioners who live at a
distance from the principal church. (b)
A privy. (Law) -- Chapel
master, a director of music in a chapel; the
director of a court or orchestra. -- To build a
chapel (Naut.), to chapel a ship. See
Chapel, v. t., 2. -- To
hold a chapel, to have a meeting of the men
employed in a printing office, for the purpose of considering
questions affecting their interests.
Chap"el (?), v. t.
1. To deposit or inter in a chapel; to
enshrine. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.
2. (Naut.) To cause (a ship taken
aback in a light breeze) so to turn or make a circuit as to
recover, without bracing the yards, the same tack on which she
had been sailing.
Chape"less (?), a. Without a
chape.
Chap"e*let (?), n. [F. See
Chaplet.] 1. A pair of straps, with
stirrups, joined at the top and fastened to the pommel or the
frame of the saddle, after they have been adjusted to the
convenience of the rider. [Written also
chaplet.]
2. A kind of chain pump, or dredging
machine.
Chap"el*la*ny (?), n.; pl.
Chapellanies (#). [Cf. E. chapellenie,
LL. capellania. See Chaplain.] A chapel within the
jurisdiction of a church; a subordinate ecclesiastical
foundation.
Chap"el*ry (?), n. [Cf. OF.
chapelerie.] The territorial district legally
assigned to a chapel.
Chap"er*on (?), n. [F.
chaperon. See Chape, Cape, Cap.]
1. A hood; especially, an ornamental or an
official hood.
His head and face covered with a chaperon,
out of which there are but two holes to look through.
Howell.
2. A device placed on the foreheads of
horses which draw the hearse in pompous funerals.
3. A matron who accompanies a young lady
in public, for propriety, or as a guide and protector.
Chap"er*on, v. t. [imp. &
p. p. Chaperoned (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Chaperoning.] [Cf. F. chaperonner, fr.
chaperon.] To attend in public places as a guide and
protector; to matronize.
Fortunately Lady Bell Finley, whom I had promised
to chaperon, sent to excuse herself.
Hannah More.
Chap"er*on`age (?), n.
Attendance of a chaperon on a lady in public; protection
afforded by a chaperon.
Chap"fall`en (?), a. Having
the lower chap or jaw drooping, -- an indication of humiliation
and dejection; crestfallen; discouraged. See
Chopfallen.
Chap"i*ter (?), n. [OF.
chapitel, F. chapiteau, from L. capitellum,
dim. of caput head. Cf. Capital, Chapter.]
1. (Arch.) A capital [Obs.] See
Chapital. Ex. xxxvi. 38.
2. (Old Eng. Law) A summary in
writing of such matters as are to be inquired of or presented
before justices in eyre, or justices of assize, or of the peace,
in their sessions; -- also called articles.
Jacob.
Chap"lain (?), n. [F.
chapelain, fr. LL. capellanus, fr. capella.
See Chapel.] 1. An ecclesiastic who
has a chapel, or who performs religious service in a
chapel.
2. A clergyman who is officially attached
to the army or navy, to some public institution, or to a family
or court, for the purpose of performing divine service.
3. Any person (clergyman or layman)
chosen to conduct religious exercises for a society, etc.; as, a
chaplain of a Masonic or a temperance lodge.
Chap"lain*cy (?), n.; pl.
Chaplaincies (&?;). The office, position, or station
of a chaplain. Swift.
Chap"lain*ship, n.
1. The office or business of a
chaplain.
The Bethesda of some knight's
chaplainship.
Milton.
2. The possession or revenue of a
chapel. Johnson.
Chap"less (?), a. Having no
lower jaw; hence, fleshless. [R.] "Yellow, chapless
skulls." Shak.
Chap"let (?), n. [F.
chapelet, dim. of OF. chapel hat, garland, dim. fr.
LL. cappa. See Cap, and cf. Chapelet,
Chapeau.] 1. A garland or wreath to
be worn on the head.
2. A string of beads, or part of a
string, used by Roman Catholic in praying; a third of a rosary,
or fifty beads.
Her chaplet of beads and her missal.
Longfellow.
3. (Arch.) A small molding, carved
into beads, pearls, olives, etc.
4. (Man.) A chapelet. See
Chapelet, 1.
5. (Founding) A bent piece of
sheet iron, or a pin with thin plates on its ends, for holding a
core in place in the mold.
6. A tuft of feathers on a peacock's
head. Johnson.
Chap"let, n. A small chapel or
shrine.
Chap"let, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Chapleted.] To adorn with a chaplet or
with flowers. R. Browning.
Chap"man (?), n.; pl.
Chapmen (#). [AS. ceápman;
ceáp trade + man man; akin to D.
koopman, Sw. köpman, Dan.
kiöpmand, G. kaufmann.f. Chap to
cheapen, and see Cheap.] 1. One who
buys and sells; a merchant; a buyer or a seller. [Obs.]
The word of life is a quick commodity, and ought
not, as a drug to be obtruded on those chapmen who are
unwilling to buy it.
T. Fuller.
2. A peddler; a hawker.
Chap"py (?), Full of chaps; cleft; gaping;
open.
Chaps (?), n. pl. The jaws, or
the fleshy parts about them. See Chap. "Open your
chaps again." Shak.
Chap"ter (?), n. [OF.
chapitre, F. chapitre, fr. L. capitulum,
dim. of caput head, the chief person or thing, the
principal division of a writing, chapter. See Chief, and
cf, Chapiter.] 1. A division of a
book or treatise; as, Genesis has fifty
chapters.
2. (Eccl.) (a) An
assembly of monks, or of the prebends and other clergymen
connected with a cathedral, conventual, or collegiate church, or
of a diocese, usually presided over by the
dean.(b) A community of canons or
canonesses.(c) A bishop's
council.(d) A business meeting of any
religious community.
3. An organized branch of some society or
fraternity as of the Freemasons. Robertson.
4. A meeting of certain organized
societies or orders.
5. A chapter house. [R.]
Burrill.
6. A decretal epistle.
Ayliffe.
7. A location or compartment.
In his bosom! In what chapter of his
bosom?
Shak.
Chapter head, or Chapter
heading, that which stands at the head of a
chapter, as a title. -- Chapter house,
a house or room where a chapter meets, esp. a cathedral
chapter. -- The chapter of accidents,
chance. Marryat.
Chap"ter (?), v. t.
1. To divide into chapters, as a book.
Fuller.
2. To correct; to bring to book, i.
e., to demand chapter and verse. [Obs.]
Dryden.
Chap"trel (?), n. [See
Chapiter.] (Arch.) An impost. [Obs.]
{ Char, Charr (?), } n.
[Ir. cear, Gael. ceara, lit., red, blood-colored,
fr. cear blood. So named from its red belly.]
(Zoöl.) One of the several species of fishes of
the genus Salvelinus, allied to the spotted trout and
salmon, inhabiting deep lakes in mountainous regions in Europe.
In the United States, the brook trout (Salvelinus
fontinalis) is sometimes called a char.
Char, n. [F.] A car; a
chariot. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Char (?), n. [OE. cherr,
char a turning, time, work, AS. cerr, cyrr,
turn, occasion, business, fr. cerran, cyrran, to
turn; akin to OS. kërian, OHG. chëran, G.
kehren. Cf. Chore, Ajar.] Work done by
the day; a single job, or task; a chore. [Written also
chare.] [Eng.]
When thou hast done this chare, I give thee
leave
To play till doomsday.
Shak.
{ Char, Chare, } v. t.
[See 3d Char.] 1. To perform; to do;
to finish. [Obs.] Nores.
Thet char is chared, as the good wife said
when she had hanged her husband.
Old Proverb.
2. To work or hew, as stone.
Oxf. Gloss.
{ Char, Chare, } v. i.
To work by the day, without being a regularly hired servant;
to do small jobs.
Char (?), v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Charred (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Charring.] [Prob. the same word as
char to perform (see Char, n.),
the modern use coming from charcoal, prop. coal-
turned, turned to coal.] 1. To reduce to
coal or carbon by exposure to heat; to reduce to charcoal; to
burn to a cinder.
2. To burn slightly or partially; as, to
char wood.
||Cha"ra (?), n. [NL., of uncertain
origin.] (Bot.) A genus of flowerless plants, having
articulated stems and whorled branches. They flourish in wet
places.
||Char`-a-bancs" (?), n.;
pl. Chars-a-banc (#). [F.] A long,
light, open vehicle, with benches or seats running
lengthwise.
Char"act (?), n. A distinctive
mark; a character; a letter or sign. [Obs.] See
Character.
In all his dressings, characts, titles,
forms.
Shak.
Char"ac*ter (?), n. [L., an
instrument for marking, character, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to make
sharp, to cut into furrows, to engrave: cf. F.
caractère.]
1. A distinctive mark; a letter, figure,
or symbol.
It were much to be wished that there were
throughout the world but one sort of character for each
letter to express it to the eye.
Holder.
2. Style of writing or printing;
handwriting; the peculiar form of letters used by a particular
person or people; as, an inscription in the Runic
character.
You know the character to be your
brother's?
Shak.
3. The peculiar quality, or the sum of
qualities, by which a person or a thing is distinguished from
others; the stamp impressed by nature, education, or habit; that
which a person or thing really is; nature; disposition.
The character or that dominion.
Milton.
Know well each Ancient's proper
character;
His fable, subject, scope in every page;
Religion, Country, genius of his Age.
Pope.
A man of . . . thoroughly subservient
character.
Motley.
4. Strength of mind; resolution;
independence; individuality; as, he has a great deal of
character.
5. Moral quality; the principles and
motives that control the life; as, a man of character; his
character saves him from suspicion.
6. Quality, position, rank, or capacity;
quality or conduct with respect to a certain office or duty; as,
in the miserable character of a slave; in his
character as a magistrate; her character as a
daughter.
7. The estimate, individual or general,
put upon a person or thing; reputation; as, a man's
character for truth and veracity; to give one a bad
character.
This subterraneous passage is much mended since
Seneca gave so bad a character of it.
Addison.
8. A written statement as to behavior,
competency, etc., given to a servant. [Colloq.]
9. A unique or extraordinary
individuality; a person characterized by peculiar or notable
traits; a person who illustrates certain phases of character; as,
Randolph was a character; Cæsar is a great
historical character.
10. One of the persons of a drama or
novel.
&fist; "It would be well if character and
reputation were used distinctively. In truth, character is
what a person is; reputation is what he is supposed to be.
Character is in himself, reputation is in the minds of others.
Character is injured by temptations, and by wrongdoing;
reputation by slanders, and libels. Character endures throughout
defamation in every form, but perishes when there is a voluntary
transgression; reputation may last through numerous
transgressions, but be destroyed by a single, and even an
unfounded, accusation or aspersion." Abbott.
Char"ac*ter, v. t. [imp. &
p. p. Charactered (?).]
1. To engrave; to inscribe.
[R.]
These trees shall be my books.
And in their barks my thoughts I 'll character.
Shak.
2. To distinguish by particular marks or
traits; to describe; to characterize. [R.]
Mitford.
Char"ac*ter*ism (?), n. [Gr. &?; a
characterizing.] A distinction of character; a
characteristic. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.
Char`ac*ter*is"tic (?), a. [Gr.
&?;: cf. F. charactéristique.] Pertaining to,
or serving to constitute, the character; showing the character,
or distinctive qualities or traits, of a person or thing;
peculiar; distinctive.
Characteristic clearness of temper.
Macaulay.
Char`ac*ter*is"tic, n.
1. A distinguishing trait, quality, or
property; an element of character; that which
characterized. Pope.
The characteristics of a true critic.
Johnson.
2. (Math.) The integral part
(whether positive or negative) of a logarithm.
Char`ac*ter*is"tic*al (?), a.
Characteristic.
Char`ac*ter*is"tic*al*ly, adv.
In a characteristic manner; in a way that
characterizes.
Char`ac*ter*i*za"tion (?), n.
The act or process of characterizing.
Char"ac*ter*ize (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Characterized (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Characterizing.] [LL.
characterizare, Gr. &?;: cf. F.
charactériser.] 1. To make
distinct and recognizable by peculiar marks or traits; to make
with distinctive features.
European, Asiatic, Chinese, African, and Grecian
faces are Characterized.
Arbuthnot.
2. To engrave or imprint. [Obs.]
Sir M. Hale.
3. To indicate the character of; to
describe.
Under the name of Tamerlane he intended to
characterize King William.
Johnson.
4. To be a characteristic of; to make, or
express the character of.
The softness and effeminacy which
characterize the men of rank in most countries.
W. Irving.
Syn. -- To describe; distinguish; mark; designate;
style; particularize; entitle.
Char"ac*ter*less, a. Destitute
of any distinguishing quality; without character or
force.
Char"ac*ter*y (?), n.
1. The art or means of characterizing; a
system of signs or characters; symbolism; distinctive
mark.
Fairies use flowers for their
charactery.
Shak.
2. That which is charactered; the
meaning. [Obs.]
I will construe to thee
All the charactery of my sad brows.
Shak.
Cha*rade" (?), n. [F.
charade, cf. Pr. charrada long chat, It
ciarlare to chat, whence E. charlatan.] A
verbal or acted enigma based upon a word which has two or more
significant syllables or parts, each of which, as well as the
word itself, is to be guessed from the descriptions or
representations.
Char"bo*cle (?), n.
Carbuncle. [Written also Charboncle.] [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Char"bon (?), n. [F., coal,
charbon.] 1. (Far.) A small black
spot or mark remaining in the cavity of the corner tooth of a
horse after the large spot or mark has become
obliterated.
2. A very contagious and fatal disease of
sheep, horses, and cattle. See Maligmant
pustule.
Char"coal` (?), n. [See
Char, v. t., to burn or to reduce to
coal, and Coal.] 1. Impure carbon
prepared from vegetable or animal substances; esp., coal made by
charring wood in a kiln, retort, etc., from which air is
excluded. It is used for fuel and in various mechanical,
artistic, and chemical processes.
2. (Fine Arts) Finely prepared
charcoal in small sticks, used as a drawing implement.
Animal charcoal, a fine charcoal
prepared by calcining bones in a closed vessel; -- used as a
filtering agent in sugar refining, and as an absorbent and
disinfectant. -- Charcoal blacks, the
black pigment, consisting of burnt ivory, bone, cock, peach
stones, and other substances. -- Charcoal
drawing (Fine Arts), a drawing made with
charcoal. See Charcoal, 2. Until within a few years this
material has been used almost exclusively for preliminary
outline, etc., but at present many finished drawings are made
with it. -- Charcoal point, a carbon
pencil prepared for use in an electric light apparatus. --
Mineral charcoal, a term applied to silky
fibrous layers of charcoal, interlaminated in beds of ordinary
bituminous coal; -- known to miners as mother of
coal.
Chard (chärd), n. [Cf. F.
carde esculent thistle.] 1. The
tender leaves or leafstalks of the artichoke, white beet, etc.,
blanched for table use.
2. A variety of the white beet, which
produces large, succulent leaves and leafstalks.
Chare (châr), n. A
narrow street. [Prov. Eng.]
Chare, n. & v. A chore; to
chore; to do. See Char.
Charge (chärj), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Charged (chärjd);
p. pr. & vb. n. Charging.] [OF.
chargier, F. charger, fr. LL. carricare, fr.
L. carrus wagon. Cf. Cargo, Caricature,
Cark, and see Car.] 1. To lay
on or impose, as a load, tax, or burden; to load; to
fill.
A carte that charged was with hay.
Chaucer.
The charging of children's memories with
rules.
Locke.
2. To lay on or impose, as a task, duty,
or trust; to command, instruct, or exhort with authority; to
enjoin; to urge earnestly; as, to charge a jury; to
charge the clergy of a diocese; to charge an
agent.
Moses . . . charged you to love the Lord
your God.
Josh. xxii. 5.
Cromwell, I charge thee, fling away
ambition.
Shak.
3. To lay on, impose, or make subject to
or liable for.
When land shall be charged by any lien.
Kent.
4. To fix or demand as a price; as, he
charges two dollars a barrel for apples.
5. To place something to the account of
as a debt; to debit, as, to charge one with goods. Also,
to enter upon the debit side of an account; as, to charge
a sum to one.
6. To impute or ascribe; to lay to one's
charge.
No more accuse thy pen, but charge the
crime
On native sloth and negligence of time.
Dryden.
7. To accuse; to make a charge or
assertion against (a person or thing); to lay the responsibility
(for something said or done) at the door of.
If he did that wrong you charge him
with.
Tennyson.
8. To place within or upon any firearm,
piece of apparatus or machinery, the quantity it is intended and
fitted to hold or bear; to load; to fill; as, to charge a
gun; to charge an electrical machine, etc.
Their battering cannon charged to the
mouths.
Shak.
9. To ornament with or cause to bear; as,
to charge an architectural member with a
molding.
10. (Her.) To assume as a bearing;
as, he charges three roses or; to add to or represent on;
as, he charges his shield with three roses or.
11. To call to account; to
challenge. [Obs.]
To charge me to an answer.
Shak.
12. To bear down upon; to rush upon; to
attack.
Charged our main battle's front.
Shak.
Syn. -- To intrust; command; exhort; instruct; accuse;
impeach; arraign. See Accuse.
Charge (?), v. i.
1. To make an onset or rush; as, to
charge with fixed bayonets.
Like your heroes of antiquity, he charges
in iron.
Glanvill.
"Charge for the guns!" he said.
Tennyson.
2. To demand a price; as, to
charge high for goods.
3. To debit on an account; as, to
charge for purchases.
4. To squat on its belly and be still; --
a command given by a sportsman to a dog.
Charge (?), n. [F. charge,
fr. charger to load. See Charge, v.
t., and cf. Cargo, Caricature.]
1. A load or burder laid upon a person or
thing.
2. A person or thing commited or
intrusted to the care, custody, or management of another; a
trust.
&fist; The people of a parish or church are called the
charge of the clergyman who is set over them.
3. Custody or care of any person, thing,
or place; office; responsibility; oversight; obigation;
duty.
'Tis a great charge to come under one
body's hand.
Shak.
4. Heed; care; anxiety; trouble.
[Obs.] Chaucer.
5. Harm. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
6. An order; a mandate or command; an
injunction.
The king gave cherge concerning
Absalom.
2. Sam. xviii. 5.
7. An address (esp. an earnest or
impressive address) containing instruction or exhortation; as,
the charge of a judge to a jury; the charge of a
bishop to his clergy.
8. An accusation of a wrong of offense;
allegation; indictment; specification of something
alleged.
The charge of confounding very different
classes of phenomena.
Whewell.
9. Whatever constitutes a burden on
property, as rents, taxes, lines, etc.; costs; expense incurred;
-- usually in the plural.
10. The price demanded for a thing or
service.
11. An entry or a account of that which
is due from one party to another; that which is debited in a
business transaction; as, a charge in an account
book.
12. That quantity, as of ammunition,
electricity, ore, fuel, etc., which any apparatus, as a gun,
battery, furnace, machine, etc., is intended to receive and
fitted to hold, or which is actually in it at one time
13. The act of rushing upon, or towards,
an enemy; a sudden onset or attack, as of troops, esp. cavalry;
hence, the signal for attack; as, to sound the
charge.
Never, in any other war afore, gave the Romans a
hotter charge upon the enemies.
Holland.
The charge of the light brigade.
Tennyson.
14. A position (of a weapon) fitted for
attack; as, to bring a weapon to the charge.
15. (Far.) A sort of plaster or
ointment.
16. (Her.) A bearing. See
Bearing, n., 8.
17. [Cf. Charre.] Thirty-six pigs
of lead, each pig weighing about seventy pounds; -- called also
charre.
18. Weight; import; value.
Many suchlike "as's" of great charge.
Shak.
Back charge. See under Back,
a. -- Bursting charge.
(a (Mil.) The charge which bursts a
shell, etc. (b (Mining) A small
quantity of fine powder to secure the ignition of a charge of
coarse powder in blasting. -- Charge and
discharge (Equity Practice), the old mode or
form of taking an account before a master in chancery. --
Charge sheet, the paper on which are
entered at a police station all arrests and accusations. --
To sound the charge, to give the signal for
an attack.
Syn. -- Care; custody; trust; management; office;
expense; cost; price; assault; attack; onset; injunction;
command; order; mandate; instruction; accusation; indictment.
Charge"a*ble (?), a.
1. That may be charged, laid, imposed, or
imputes; as, a duty chargeable on iron; a fault
chargeable on a man.
2. Subject to be charge or accused;
liable or responsible; as, revenues chargeable with a
claim; a man chargeable with murder.
3. Serving to create expense; costly;
burdensome.
That we might not be chargeable to any of
you.
2. Thess. iii. 8.
For the sculptures, which are elegant, were very
chargeable.
Evelyn.
Charge"a*ble*ness, n. The
quality of being chargeable or expensive. [Obs.]
Whitelocke.
Charge"a*bly (?), adv. At
great cost; expensively. [Obs.]
Char"geant (?), a. [F.
chargeant, fr. charger to load.] Burdensome;
troublesome. [Obs.] Chaucer.
||Char`gé" d'af`faires" (?),
n.; pl. Chargés
d'affaires. [F., "charged with affairs."] A
diplomatic representative, or minister of an inferior grade,
accredited by the government of one state to the minister of
foreign affairs of another; also, a substitute, ad
interim, for an ambassador or minister
plenipotentiary.
Charge"ful (?), a. Costly;
expensive. [Obs.]
The fineness of the gold and chargeful
fashion.
Shak.
Charge"house` (?), n. A
schoolhouse. [Obs.]
Charge"less, a. Free from, or
with little, charge.
Char"geous (?), a.
Burdensome. [Obs.]
I was chargeous to no man.
Wyclif, (2 Cor. xi. 9).
Char"ger (?), n. 1.
One who, or that which charges.
2. An instrument for measuring or
inserting a charge.
3. A large dish. [Obs.]
Give me here John Baptist's head in a
charger.
Matt. xiv. 8.
4. A horse for battle or parade.
Macaulay.
And furious every charger neighed.
Campbell.
Char*ge"ship (?), n. The
office of a chargé d'affaires.
Char"i*ly (?), adv. In a chary
manner; carefully; cautiously; frugally.
Char"i*ness, n. The quality of
being chary.
Char"i*ot (?), n. [F.
Chariot, from char car. See Car.]
1. (Antiq.) A two-wheeled car or
vehicle for war, racing, state processions, etc.
First moved the chariots, after whom the
foot.
Cowper.
2. A four-wheeled pleasure or state
carriage, having one seat. Shak.
Char"i*ot, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Charioted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Charioting.] To convey in a chariot.
Milton.
Char`i*ot*ee" (?), n. A light,
covered, four-wheeled pleasure carriage with two seats.
Char`i*ot*eer" (?), n.
1. One who drives a chariot.
2. (Astron.) A constellation. See
Auriga, and Wagones.
Cha"rism (?), n. [Gr. &?;
gift.] (Eccl.) A miraculously given power, as of
healing, speaking foreign languages without instruction, etc.,
attributed to some of the early Christians.
Char`is*mat"ic (?), a. Of or
pertaining to a charism.
Char"i*ta*ble (?), a.[F. See
Charity.]
1. Full of love and good will;
benevolent; kind.
Be thy intents wicked or charitable, . . .
. . . I will speak to thee.
Shak.
2. Liberal in judging of others; disposed
to look on the best side, and to avoid harsh judgment.
3. Liberal in benefactions to the poor;
giving freely; generous; beneficent.
What charitable men afford to beggars.
Shak.
4. Of or pertaining to charity; springing
from, or intended for, charity; relating to almsgiving;
eleemosynary; as, a charitable institution.
5. Dictated by kindness; favorable;
lenient.
By a charitable construction it may be a
sermon.
L. Andrews.
Syn. -- Kind; beneficent; benevolent; generous;
lenient; forgiving; helpful; liberal; favorable; indulgent.
Char"i*ta*ble*ness, n. The
quality of being charitable; the exercise of charity.
Char"i*ta*bly, adv. In a
charitable manner.
Char"i*ty (?), n.; pl.
Charities (#). [F. charité fr. L.
caritas dearness, high regard, love, from carus
dear, costly, loved; asin to Skr. kam to wish, love, cf.
Ir. cara a friend, W. caru to love. Cf.
Caress.]
1. Love; universal benevolence; good
will.
Now abideth faith, hope, charity, three;
but the greatest of these is charity.
1. Cor. xiii. 13.
They, at least, are little to be envied, in whose
hearts the great charities . . . lie dead.
Ruskin.
With malice towards none, with charity for
all.
Lincoln.
2. Liberality in judging of men and their
actions; a disposition which inclines men to put the best
construction on the words and actions of others.
The highest exercise of charity is
charity towards the uncharitable.
Buckminster.
3. Liberality to the poor and the
suffering, to benevolent institutions, or to worthy causes;
generosity.
The heathen poet, in commending the charity
of Dido to the Trojans, spake like a Christian.
Dryden.
4. Whatever is bestowed gratuitously on
the needy or suffering for their relief; alms; any act of
kindness.
She did ill then to refuse her a
charity.
L'Estrange.
5. A charitable institution, or a gift to
create and support such an institution; as, Lady Margaret's
charity.
6. pl. (Law) Eleemosynary
appointments [grants or devises] including relief of the poor or
friendless, education, religious culture, and public
institutions.
The charities that soothe, and heal, and
bless,
Are scattered at the feet of man like flowers.
Wordsworth.
Sisters of Charity (R. C. Ch.), a
sisterhood of religious women engaged in works of mercy, esp. in
nursing the sick; -- a popular designation. There are various
orders of the Sisters of Charity.
Syn. -- Love; benevolence; good will; affection;
tenderness; beneficence; liberality; almsgiving.
||Cha*ri`va*ri" (?), n. [F.] A
mock serenade of discordant noises, made with kettles, tin horns,
etc., designed to annoy and insult.
&fist; It was at first performed before the house of any
person of advanced age who married a second time.
Chark (?), n. [Abbrev. fr.
charcoal.] Charcoal; a cinder. [Obs.]
DeFoe.
Chark, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Charked (?).] To burn to a coal; to
char. [Obs.]
Char"la*tan (?), n. [F.
charlatan, fr. It. ciarlatano, fr. ciarlare
to chartter, prate; of imitative origin; cf. It. zirlare
to whistle like a thrush.] One who prates much in his own
favor, and makes unwarrantable pretensions; a quack; an impostor;
an empiric; a mountebank.
{ Char`la*tan"ic (?), Char`la*tan"ic*al (?),
} a. Of or like a charlatan; making undue
pretension; empirical; pretentious; quackish. --
Char`la*tan"ic*al*ly, adv.
Char"la*tan*ism (?), n. [Cf. F.
charlatanisme.] Charlatanry.
Char"la*tan*ry (?), n. [F.
charlatanrie, from It. ciarlataneria. See
Charlatan.] Undue pretensions to skill; quackery;
wheedling; empiricism.
Charles's Wain (?). [Charles + wain;
cf. AS. Carles w&?;n (for wægn), Sw.
karlvagnen, Dan. karlsvogn. See Churl, and
Wain.] (Astron.) The group of seven stars,
commonly called the Dipper, in the constellation Ursa
Major, or Great Bear. See Ursa major, under
Ursa.
&fist; The name is sometimes also applied to the
Constellation.
Char"lock (?), n. [AS.
cerlic; the latter part perh. fr. AS. leác
leek. Cf. Hemlock.] (Bot.) A cruciferous plant
(Brassica sinapistrum) with yellow flowers; wild mustard.
It is troublesome in grain fields. Called also chardock,
chardlock, chedlock, and kedlock.
Jointed charlock, White
charlock, a troublesome weed (Raphanus
Raphanistrum) with straw-colored, whitish, or purplish
flowers, and jointed pods: wild radish.
Char"lotte (?), n. [F.] A kind
of pie or pudding made by lining a dish with slices of bread, and
filling it with bread soaked in milk, and baked.
Charlotte Russe (&?;), or
||Charlotte à la russe [F., lit.,
Russian charlotte] (Cookery), a dish composed of
custard or whipped cream, inclosed in sponge cake.
Charm (chärm), n. [F.
charme, fr. L. carmen song, verse, incantation, for
casmen, akin to Skr. çasman,
çasā, a laudatory song, from a root
signifying to praise, to sing.] 1.
A melody; a song. [Obs.]
With charm of earliest birds.
Milton.
Free liberty to chant our charms at
will.
Spenser.
2. A word or combination of words sung or
spoken in the practice of magic; a magical combination of words,
characters, etc.; an incantation.
My high charms work.
Shak.
3. That which exerts an irresistible
power to please and attract; that which fascinates; any alluring
quality.
Charms strike the sight, but merit wins the
soul.
Pope.
The charm of beauty's powerful glance.
Milton.
4. Anything worn for its supposed
efficacy to the wearer in averting ill or securing good
fortune.
5. Any small decorative object worn on
the person, as a seal, a key, a silver whistle, or the like.
Bunches of charms are often worn at the watch
chain.
Syn. - Spell; incantation; conjuration; enchantment;
fascination; attraction.
Charm, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Charmed (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Charming.] [Cf. F. charmer. See
Charm, n.] 1. To
make music upon; to tune. [Obs. & R.]
Here we our slender pipes may safely
charm.
Spenser.
2. To subdue, control, or summon by
incantation or supernatural influence; to affect by
magic.
No witchcraft charm thee!
Shak.
3. To subdue or overcome by some secret
power, or by that which gives pleasure; to allay; to
soothe.
Music the fiercest grief can charm.
Pope.
4. To attract irresistibly; to delight
exceedingly; to enchant; to fascinate.
They, on their mirth and dance
Intent, with jocund music charm his ear.
Milton.
5. To protect with, or make invulnerable
by, spells, charms, or supernatural influences; as, a
charmed life.
I, in my own woe charmed,
Could not find death.
Shak.
Syn. - To fascinate; enchant; enrapture; captivate;
bewitch; allure; subdue; delight; entice; transport.
Charm, v. i. 1.
To use magic arts or occult power; to make use of
charms.
The voice of charmers, charming never so
wisely.
Ps. lviii. 5.
2. To act as, or produce the effect of, a
charm; to please greatly; to be fascinating.
3. To make a musical sound. [Obs.]
Milton.
||Char"mel (?), n. [Heb.] A
fruitful field.
Libanus shall be turned into charmel, and
charmel shall be esteemed as a forest.
Isa. xxix. 17 (Douay version).
Charm"er (?), n. 1.
One who charms, or has power to charm; one who uses the
power of enchantment; a magician. Deut. xviii.
11.
2. One who delights and attracts the
affections.
Charm"er*ess (?), n. An
enchantress. Chaucer.
Charm"ful (?), a. Abounding
with charms. "His charmful lyre."
Cowley.
Charm"ing, a. Pleasing the
mind or senses in a high degree; delighting; fascinating;
attractive.
How charming is divine philosophy.
Milton.
Syn. - Enchanting; bewitching; captivating;
enrapturing; alluring; fascinating; delightful; pleasurable;
graceful; lovely; amiable; pleasing; winning.
-- Charm"ing*ly, adv. --
Charm"ing*ness, n.
Charm"less, a. Destitute of
charms. Swift.
{ Char"ne*co, Char"ni*co (?) },
n. A sort of sweet wine. [Obs.]
Shak.
Char"nel (?), a. [F. charnel
carnal, fleshly, fr. L. carnalis. See Carnal.]
Containing the bodies of the dead. "Charnel
vaults." Milton.
Charnel house, a tomb, vault, cemetery,
or other place where the bones of the dead are deposited;
originally, a place for the bones thrown up when digging new
graves in old burial grounds.
Char"nel, n. A charnel house;
a grave; a cemetery.
In their proud charnel of
Thermopylæ.
Byron.
Cha"ron (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;.]
(Cless. Myth.) The son of Erebus and Nox, whose
office it was to ferry the souls of the dead over the Styx, a
river of the infernal regions. Shak.
||Char"pie (?), n. [F., properly
fem. p. p. of OF. charpir, carpir, to pluck, fr. L.
carpere. Cf. Carpet.] (Med.) Straight
threads obtained by unraveling old linen cloth; -- used for
surgical dressings.
||Char"qui (?), n. [Sp. A term used
in South America, Central America, and the Western United
States.] Jerked beef; beef cut into long strips and dried in
the wind and sun. Darwin.
Charr (?), n. See 1st
Char.
||Char"ras (?), n. The gum
resin of the hemp plant (Cannabis sativa). Same as
Churrus. Balfour.
Charre (?), n. [LL. charrus
a certain weight.] See Charge, n.,
17.
Char"ry (?), a. [See 6th
Char.] Pertaining to charcoal, or partaking of its
qualities.
Chart (?), n. [A doublet of
card: cf. F. charte charter, carte card. See
Card, and cf. Charter.] 1. A
sheet of paper, pasteboard, or the like, on which information is
exhibited, esp. when the information is arranged in tabular form;
as, an historical chart.
2. A map; esp., a hydrographic or marine
map; a map on which is projected a portion of water and the land
which it surrounds, or by which it is surrounded, intended
especially for the use of seamen; as, the United States Coast
Survey charts; the English Admiralty
charts.
3. A written deed; a charter.
Globular chart, a chart constructed on a
globular projection. See under Globular. --
Heliographic chart, a map of the sun with
its spots. -- Mercator's chart, a
chart constructed on the principle of Mercator's projection. See
Projection. -- Plane chart, a
representation of some part of the superficies of the globe, in
which its spherical form is disregarded, the meridians being
drawn parallel to each other, and the parallels of latitude at
equal distances. -- Selenographic chart,
a map representing the surface of the moon. --
Topographic chart, a minute delineation of
a limited place or region.
Chart, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Charted.] To lay down in a chart; to
map; to delineate; as, to chart a coast.
||Char"ta (?), n. [L., leaf of
paper. See Chart.] (Law) (a)
Material on which instruments, books, etc., are written;
parchment or paper. (b) A charter or
deed; a writing by which a grant is made. See Magna
Charta.
Char*ta"ceous (?), a. [L.
chartaceus. See Charta.] Resembling paper or
parchment; of paper-like texture; papery.
||Charte (?), n. [F. See
Chart.] The constitution, or fundamental law, of the
French monarchy, as established on the restoration of Louis
XVIII., in 1814.
Char"ter (?), n. [OF.
chartre, F. chartre, charte, fr. L.
chartula a little paper, dim. of charta. See
Chart, Card.] 1. A written
evidence in due form of things done or granted, contracts made,
etc., between man and man; a deed, or conveyance.
[Archaic]
2. An instrument in writing, from the
sovereign power of a state or country, executed in due form,
bestowing rights, franchises, or privileges.
The king [John, a.d. 1215], with a facility
somewhat suspicious, signed and sealed the charter which
was required of him. This famous deed, commonly called the "Great
Charter," either granted or secured very important
liberties and privileges to every order of men in the
kingdom.
Hume.
3. An act of a legislative body creating
a municipal or other corporation and defining its powers and
privileges. Also, an instrument in writing from the constituted
authorities of an order or society (as the Freemasons), creating
a lodge and defining its powers.
4. A special privilege, immunity, or
exemption.
My mother,
Who has a charter to extol her blood,
When she does praise me, grieves me.
Shak.
5. (Com.) The letting or hiring a
vessel by special contract, or the contract or instrument whereby
a vessel is hired or let; as, a ship is offered for sale or
charter. See Charter party, below.
Charter land (O. Eng. Law), land
held by charter, or in socage; bookland. -- Charter
member, one of the original members of a society or
corporation, esp. one named in a charter, or taking part in the
first proceedings under it. -- Charter
party [F. chartre partie, or charte
partie, a divided charter; from the practice of cutting the
instrument of contract in two, and giving one part to each of the
contractors] (Com.), a mercantile lease of a vessel; a
specific contract by which the owners of a vessel let the entire
vessel, or some principal part of the vessel, to another person,
to be used by the latter in transportation for his own account,
either under their charge or his. -- People's
Charter (Eng. Hist.), the document which embodied
the demands made by the Chartists, so called, upon the English
government in 1838.
Char"ter, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Chartered (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Chartering.] 1. To
establish by charter.
2. To hire or let by charter, as a ship.
See Charter party, under Charter,
n.
Char"tered (?), a.
1. Granted or established by charter;
having, or existing under, a charter; having a privilege by
charter.
The sufficiency of chartered rights.
Palfrey.
The air, a chartered libertine.
Shak.
2. Hired or let by charter, as a
ship.
Char"ter*er (?), n. One who
charters; esp. one who hires a ship for a voyage.
Char"ter*house` (?), n. A well
known public school and charitable foundation in the building
once used as a Carthusian monastery (Chartreuse) in
London.
Char"ter*ist, n. Same as
Chartist.
Chart"ism (?), n. [F. charte
charter. Cf. Charte, Chart.] The principles of
a political party in England (1838-48), which contended for
universal suffrage, the vote by ballot, annual parliaments, equal
electoral districts, and other radical reforms, as set forth in a
document called the People's Charter.
Chart"ist (?), n. A supporter
or partisan of chartism. [Eng.]
Chart"less, a. 1.
Without a chart; having no guide.
2. Not mapped; uncharted; vague.
Barlow.
Char*tog"ra*pher (?), n.,
Char`to*graph"ic (&?;), a.,
Char*tog"ra*phy (&?;), n., etc.
Same as Cartographer, Cartographic,
Cartography, etc.
Char"to*man`cy (?), n. [L.
charta paper + -mancy. Cf. Cartomancy.]
Divination by written paper or by cards.
Char*tom"e*ter (?), n.
[Chart + -meter.] An instrument for measuring
charts or maps.
||Char`treuse" (?), n. [F.]
1. A Carthusian monastery; esp. La Grande
Chartreuse, mother house of the order, in the mountains near
Grenoble, France.
2. An alcoholic cordial, distilled from
aromatic herbs; -- made at La Grande Chartreuse.
||Char`treux" (?), n. [F.] A
Carthusian.
Char"tu*la*ry (?), n. See
Cartulary.
Char"wom`an (?), n.; pl.
Charwomen (#). [See Char a chore.]
A woman hired for odd work or for single days.
Char"y (?), a. [AS. cearig
careful, fr. cearu care. See Care.] Careful;
wary; cautious; not rash, reckless, or spendthrift; saving;
frugal.
His rising reputation made him more chary
of his fame.
Jeffrey.
Cha*ryb"dis (?), n. [L., Gr. &?;.]
A dangerous whirlpool on the coast of Sicily opposite Scylla
on the Italian coast. It is personified as a female monster. See
Scylla.
Chas"a*ble (?), a. Capable of
being chased; fit for hunting. Gower.
Chase (?), v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Chased (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Chasing.] [OF. chacier, F. chasser, fr.
(assumed) LL. captiare, fr. L. captare to strive to
seize. See Catch.] 1. To pursue for
the purpose of killing or taking, as an enemy, or game; to
hunt.
We are those which chased you from the
field.
Shak.
Philologists, who chase
A panting syllable through time and place.
Cowper.
2. To follow as if to catch; to pursue;
to compel to move on; to drive by following; to cause to fly; --
often with away or off; as, to chase the
hens away.
Chased by their brother's endless malice
from prince to prince and from place to place.
Knolles.
3. To pursue eagerly, as hunters pursue
game.
Chasing each other merrily.
Tennyson.
Chase, v. i. To give chase; to
hunt; as, to chase around after a doctor.
[Colloq.]
Chase, n. [Cf. F. chasse,
fr. chasser. See Chase, v.]
1. Vehement pursuit for the purpose of
killing or capturing, as of an enemy, or game; an earnest seeking
after any object greatly desired; the act or habit of hunting; a
hunt. "This mad chase of fame." Dryden.
You see this chase is hotly followed.
Shak.
2. That which is pursued or
hunted.
Nay, Warwick, seek thee out some other
chase,
For I myself must hunt this deer to death.
Shak.
3. An open hunting ground to which game
resorts, and which is private properly, thus differing from a
forest, which is not private property, and from a park, which is
inclosed. Sometimes written chace. [Eng.]
4. (Court Tennis) A division of
the floor of a gallery, marked by a figure or otherwise; the spot
where a ball falls, and between which and the dedans the
adversary must drive his ball in order to gain a point.
Chase gun (Naut.), a cannon
placed at the bow or stern of an armed vessel, and used when
pursuing an enemy, or in defending the vessel when pursued.
-- Chase port (Naut.), a porthole
from which a chase gun is fired. -- Stern
chase (Naut.), a chase in which the pursuing
vessel follows directly in the wake of the vessel
pursued.
Chase, n. [F. cháse,
fr. L. capsa box, case. See Case a box.]
(Print.) 1. A rectangular iron frame
in which pages or columns of type are imposed.
2. (Mil.) The part of a cannon
from the reënforce or the trunnions to the swell of the
muzzle. See Cannon.
3. A groove, or channel, as in the face
of a wall; a trench, as for the reception of drain
tile.
4. (Shipbuilding) A kind of joint
by which an overlap joint is changed to a flush joint, by means
of a gradually deepening rabbet, as at the ends of clinker-built
boats.
Chase, v. t. [A contraction of
enchase.] 1. To ornament (a surface
of metal) by embossing, cutting away parts, and the
like.
2. To cut, so as to make a screw
thread.
Chas"er (?), n. 1.
One who or that which chases; a pursuer; a driver; a
hunter.
2. (Naut.) Same as Chase
gun, esp. in terms bow chaser and stern chaser.
See under Bow, Stern.
Chas"er, n. 1.
One who chases or engraves. See 5th Chase, and
Enchase.
2. (Mech.) A tool with several
points, used for cutting or finishing screw threads, either
external or internal, on work revolving in a lathe.
Chas"i*ble (?), n. See
Chasuble.
Chas"ing (?), n. The art of
ornamenting metal by means of chasing tools; also, a piece of
ornamental work produced in this way.
Chasm (?), n. [L. chasma,
Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to grape, to open wide. See Chaos.]
1. A deep opening made by disruption, as a
breach in the earth or a rock; a yawning abyss; a cleft; a
fissure.
That deep, romantic chasm which slanted
down the green hill.
Coleridge.
2. A void space; a gap or break, as in
ranks of men.
Memory . . . fills up the chasms of
thought.
Addison.
Chasmed (?), a. Having gaps or
a chasm. [R.]
Chas"my (?), a. Of or
pertaining to a chasm; abounding in chasms.
Carlyle.
They cross the chasmy torrent's foam-lit
bed.
Wordsworth.
Chas`se" (?), n. [F., fr.
chassé, p. p. of chasser to chase.] A
movement in dancing, as across or to the right or left.
Chas`se", v. i. (Dancing)
To make the movement called chassé; as, all
chassé; chassé to the right or
left.
Chas"se*las (?), n. [F., from the
village of Chasselas.] A white grape, esteemed for
the table.
||Chasse`pot" (?), n. [From the
French inventor, A. A. Chassepot.] (Mil.) A
kind of breechloading, center-fire rifle, or improved needle
gun.
Chas`seur" (?), n. [F., a huntsman.
See Chase to pursue.] 1. (Mil.)
One of a body of light troops, cavalry or infantry, trained
for rapid movements.
2. An attendant upon persons of rank or
wealth, wearing a plume and sword.
The great chasseur who had announced her
arrival.
W. Irving.
Chas"sis (?), n. [F.
châssis.] (Mil.) A traversing base
frame, or movable railway, along which the carriage of a barbette
or casemate gun moves backward and forward. [See Gun
carriage.]
Chast (chāst), v. t. to
chasten. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Chaste (chāst), a. [F.
chaste, from L. castus pure, chaste; cf. Gr.
kaqaro`s pure, Skr. çudth to
purify.]
1. Pure from unlawful sexual intercourse;
virtuous; continent. "As chaste as Diana."
Shak.
Whose bed is undefiled and chaste
pronounced.
Milton.
2. Pure in thought and act; innocent;
free from lewdness and obscenity, or indecency in act or speech;
modest; as, a chaste mind; chaste eyes.
3. Pure in design and expression;
correct; free from barbarisms or vulgarisms; refined; simple; as,
a chaste style in composition or art.
That great model of chaste, lofty, and
eloquence, the Book of Common Prayer.
Macaulay.
4. Unmarried. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Syn. -- Undefiled; pure; virtuous; continent;
immaculate; spotless.
Chaste tree. Same as Agnus
castus.
Chaste"ly, adv. In a chaste
manner; with purity.
Chas"ten (chā"s'n), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Chastened (-s'nd);
p. pr. & vb. n. Chastening.] [OE.
chastien, OF. Chastier, F. Ch&?;tier, fr. L.
castigare to punish, chastise; castus pure +
agere to lead, drive. See Chaste, Act, and
cf. Castigate, Chastise.] 1.
To correct by punishment; to inflict pain upon the purpose
of reclaiming; to discipline; as, to chasten a son with a
rod.
For whom the Lord loveth he chasteneth.
Heb. xii. 6.
2. To purify from errors or faults; to
refine.
They [classics] chasten and enlarge the
mind, and excite to noble actions.
Layard.
Syn. -- To chastise; punish; correct; discipline;
castigate; afflict; subdue; purify. To Chasten,
Punish, Chastise. To chasten is to subject
to affliction or trouble, in order to produce a general change
for the better in life or character. To punish is to
inflict penalty for violation of law, disobedience to authority,
or intentional wrongdoing. To chastise is to punish a
particular offense, as with stripes, especially with the hope
that suffering or disgrace may prevent a repetition of
faults.
Chas"tened (?), a. Corrected;
disciplined; refined; purified; toned down. Sir. W.
Scott.
Of such a finished chastened purity.
Tennyson.
Chas"ten*er (?), n. One who
chastens.
Chaste"ness (?), n.
1. Chastity; purity.
2. (Literature & Art) Freedom from
all that is meretricious, gaudy, or affected; as,
chasteness of design.
Chas*tis"a*ble (?), a. Capable
or deserving of chastisement; punishable.
Sherwood.
Chas*tise" (chăs*tīz"), v.
t. [imp. & p. p. Chastised (-
tīzd"); p. pr. & vb. n.
Chastising.] [OE. chastisen; chastien +
ending -isen + modern -ise, -ize, L. -
izare, Gr. -i`zein. See Chasten.]
1. To inflict pain upon, by means of
stripes, or in any other manner, for the purpose of punishment or
reformation; to punish, as with stripes.
How fine my master is! I am afraid
He will chastise me.
Shak.
I am glad to see the vanity or envy of the canting
chemists thus discovered and chastised.
Boyle.
2. To reduce to order or obedience; to
correct or purify; to free from faults or excesses.
The gay, social sense, by decency
chastised.
Thomson.
Syn. -- See Chasten.
Chas"tise*ment (?), n. [From
Chastise.] The act of chastising; pain inflicted for
punishment and correction; discipline; punishment.
Shall I so much dishonor my fair stars,
On equal terms to give him chastesement!
Shak.
I have borne chastisement; I will not
offend any more.
Job xxxiv. 31.
Chas*tis"er (?), n. One who
chastises; a punisher; a corrector. Jer.
Taylor.
The chastiser of the rich.
Burke.
Chas"ti*ty (?), n. [F.
chasteté, fr. L. castitas, fr.
castus. See Chaste.] 1. The
state of being chaste; purity of body; freedom from unlawful
sexual intercourse.
She . . . hath preserved her spotless
chastity.
T. Carew.
2. Moral purity.
So dear to heaven is saintly chastity,
That, when a soul is found sicerely so
A thousand liveried angels lackey her.
Milton.
3. The unmarried life; celibacy.
[Obs.] Chaucer.
4. (Literature & Art)
Chasteness.
Chas"u*ble (?), n. [F.
chasuble, LL. casubula, cassibula,
casula, a hooded garment, covering the person like a
little house; cf. It. casupola, casipola, cottage,
dim of L. casa cottage.] (Eccl.) The outer
vestment worn by the priest in saying Mass, consisting, in the
Roman Catholic Church, of a broad, flat, back piece, and a
narrower front piece, the two connected over the shoulders only.
The back has usually a large cross, the front an upright bar or
pillar, designed to be emblematical of Christ's sufferings. In
the Greek Church the chasuble is a large round mantle.
[Written also chasible, and chesible.]
Chat (?), v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Chatted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Chatting.] [From Chatter. √22.] To talk
in a light and familiar manner; to converse without form or
ceremony; to gossip. Shak.
To chat a while on their adventures.
Dryden.
Syn. -- To talk; chatter; gossip; converse.
Chat, v. t. To talk of.
[Obs.]
Chat, n. 1.
Light, familiar talk; conversation; gossip.
Snuff, or fan, supply each pause of
chat,
With singing, laughing, ogling, and all that.
Pope.
2. (Zoöl.) A bird of the
genus Icteria, allied to the warblers, in America. The
best known species are the yellow-breasted chat (I.
viridis), and the long-tailed chat (I. longicauda). In
Europe the name is given to several birds of the family
Saxicolidæ, as the stonechat, and
whinchat.
Bush chat. (Zoöl.) See under
Bush.
Chat, n. 1. A
twig, cone, or little branch. See Chit.
2. pl. (Mining) Small
stones with ore.
Chat potatoes, small potatoes, such as
are given to swine. [Local.]
||Cha`teau" (?), n.; pl.
Chateux (#). [F. château a castle.
See Castle.] 1. A castle or a
fortress in France.
2. A manor house or residence of the lord
of the manor; a gentleman's country seat; also, particularly, a
royal residence; as, the chateau of the Louvre; the
chateau of the Luxembourg.
&fist; The distinctive, French term for a fortified castle of
the middle ages is château-fort.
||Chateau en Espagne (&?;) [F.], a
castle in Spain, that is, a castle in the air, Spain being the
region of romance.
Chat"e*laine (?), n. [F.
châtelaine the wife of a castellan, the mistress of
a chateau, a chatelaine chain.] An ornamental hook, or
brooch worn by a lady at her waist, and having a short chain or
chains attached for a watch, keys, trinkets, etc. Also used
adjectively; as, a chatelaine chain.
Chat"e*let (?), n. [F.
châtelet, dim. of château. See
Castle.] A little castle.
Chat"el*la*ny (?), n. [F.
châtellenie.] Same as
Castellany.
||Cha`ti" (?), n. [Cf. F.
chat cat.] (Zoöl.) A small South American
species of tiger cat (Felis mitis).
Cha*toy"ant (?), a. [F., p. pr. of
chatoyer to be chatoyant, fr. chat cat.]
(Min.) Having a changeable, varying luster, or color,
like that of a changeable silk, or oa a cat's eye in the
dark.
Cha*toy"ant, n. (Min.)
A hard stone, as the cat's-eye, which presents on a
polished surface, and in the interior, an undulating or wary
light.
Cha*toy"ment (?), n. [F.
chatoiement. See Chatoyant.] Changeableness of
color, as in a mineral; play of colors.
Cleaceland.
Chat"tel (?), n. [OF.
chatel; another form of catel. See Cattle.]
(Law) Any item of movable or immovable property
except the freehold, or the things which are parcel of it. It is
a more extensive term than goods or
effects.
&fist; Chattels are personal or real: personal
are such as are movable, as goods, plate, money; real are
such rights in land as are less than a freehold, as leases,
mortgages, growing corn, etc.
Chattel mortgage (Law), a
mortgage on personal property, as distinguished from one on real
property.
Chat"tel*ism (?), n. The act
or condition of holding chattels; the state of being a
chattel.
Chat"ter (?), v. i. [imp. &
p. p. Chattered (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Chattering.] [Of imitative origin. Cf.
Chat, v. i. Chitter.]
1. To utter sounds which somewhat resemble
language, but are inarticulate and indistinct.
The jaw makes answer, as the magpie
chatters.
Wordsworth.
2. To talk idly, carelessly, or with
undue rapidity; to jabber; to prate.
To tame a shrew, and charm her chattering
tongue.
Shak.
3. To make a noise by rapid
collisions.
With chattering teeth, and bristling hair
upright.
Dryden.
Chat"ter, v. t. To utter
rapidly, idly, or indistinctly.
Begin his witless note apace to
chatter.
Spenser.
Chat"ter, n. 1.
Sounds like those of a magpie or monkey; idle talk; rapid,
thoughtless talk; jabber; prattle.
Your words are but idle and empty
chatter.
Longfellow.
2. Noise made by collision of the teeth,
as in shivering.
Chat*ter*a"tion (?), n. The
act or habit of chattering. [Colloq.]
Chat"ter*er (?), n.
1. A prater; an idle talker.
2. (Zoöl.) A bird of the
family Ampelidæ -- so called from its monotonous
note. The Bohemion chatterer (Ampelis garrulus)
inhabits the arctic regions of both continents. In America the
cedar bird is a more common species. See Bohemian
chatterer, and Cedar bird.
Chat"ter*ing (?), n. The act
or habit of talking idly or rapidly, or of making inarticulate
sounds; the sounds so made; noise made by the collision of the
teeth; chatter.
Chat"ti*ness (?), n. The
quality of being chatty, or of talking easily and
pleasantly.
Chat"ty (?), a. Given to
light, familiar talk; talkative. Lady M. W.
Montagu.
||Chat"ty, n. [Tamil
shāti.] A porous earthen pot used in India for
cooling water, etc.
Chat"wood` (?), n. [Chat a
little stick + wood.] Little sticks; twigs for
burning; fuel. Johnson.
Chaud"-med`ley (?), n. [F.
chaude mêlée; chaud hot +
mêler (Formerly sometimes spelt medler) to mingle.]
(Law) The killing of a person in an affray, in the
heat of blood, and while under the influence of passion, thus
distinguished from chance-medley or killing in self-
defense, or in a casual affray. Burrill.
Chau"dron (?), n. See
Chawdron. [Obs.]
Chauf"fer (?), n. [Cf. F.
chauffoir a kind of stone, fr. chauffer to heat.
See Chafe.] (Chem.) A table stove or small
furnace, usually a cylindrical box of sheet iron, with a grate at
the bottom, and an open top.
Chaul"dron (?), n. See
Chawdron. [Obs.]
Chaun (?), n. A gap.
[Obs.] Colgrave.
Chaun, v. t. & i. To open; to
yawn. [Obs.]
O, chaun thy breast.
Marston.
Chaunt (?), n. & v. See
Chant.
Chaunt"er (?), n.
1. A street seller of ballads and other
broadsides. [Slang, Eng.]
2. A deceitful, tricky dealer or horse
jockey. [Colloq.]
He was a horse chaunter; he's a leg
now.
Dickens.
3. The flute of a bagpipe. See
Chanter, n., 3.
Chaunt"er*ie (?), n. See
Chantry. [Obs.] Chaucer.
||Cha"us (?), n.
(Zoöl.) a lynxlike animal of Asia and Africa
(Lynx Lybicus).
||Chausses (?), n. pl. [F.]
The garment for the legs and feet and for the body below the
waist, worn in Europe throughout the Middle Ages; applied also to
the armor for the same parts, when fixible, as of chain
mail.
||Chaus`sure" (?), n. [F.] A
foot covering of any kind.
Chau"vin*ism (?), n. [F.
chauvinisme, from Chauvin, a character represented
as making grotesque and threatening displays of his attachment to
his fallen chief, Napoleon I., in 1815.] Blind and absurd
devotion to a fallen leader or an obsolete cause; hence, absurdly
vainglorious or exaggerated patriotism.
-- Chau"vin*ist, n. --
Chau`vin*is"tic (&?;), a.
&fist; To have a generous belief in the greatness of one's
country is not chauvinism. It is the character of the
latter quality to be wildly extravagant, to be fretful and
childish and silly, to resent a doubt as an insult, and to offend
by its very frankness. Prof. H. Tuttle.
Chav"en*der (?), n. [Cf.
Cheven.] (Zoöl.) The chub.
Walton.
Chaw (?), v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Chawed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Chawing.] [See Chew.] 1. To
grind with the teeth; to masticate, as food in eating; to chew,
as the cud; to champ, as the bit.
The trampling steed, with gold and purple
trapped,
Chawing the foamy bit, there fiercely stood.
Surrey.
2. To ruminate in thought; to consider;
to keep the mind working upon; to brood over.
Dryden.
A word formerly in good use, but now regarded as vulgar.
Chaw, n. [See Chaw,
v. t.] 1. As much as is
put in the mouth at once; a chew; a quid. [Law]
2. [Cf. Jaw.] The jaw.
[Obs.] Spenser.
Chaw bacon, a rustic; a bumpkin; a
lout. (Law) -- Chaw tooth, a
grinder. (Law)
Chaw"dron (?), n. [OF.
chaudun, caudun, caldun; cf. G.
kaldaunen guts, bowels, LL. calduna intestine, W.
coluddyn gut, dim. of coludd bowels.]
Entrails. [Obs.] [Written also chaudron,
chauldron.] Shak.
Chay" root` (?). [Tamil shāya.] The
root of the Oldenlandia umbellata, native in India, which
yieds a durable red dyestuff. [Written also choy
root.]
Cha*zy" ep"och (?). (Geol.) An epoch at
the close of the Canadian period of the American Lower Silurian
system; -- so named from a township in Clinton Co., New York. See
the Diagram under Geology.
Cheap (chēp), n. [AS.
ceáp bargain, sale, price; akin to D. koop
purchase, G. kauf, Icel. kaup bargain. Cf.
Cheapen, Chapman, Chaffer, Cope, v.
i.] A bargain; a purchase; cheapness. [Obs.]
The sack that thou hast drunk me would have bought
me lights as good cheap at the dearest chandler's in
Europe.
Shak.
Cheap, a. [Abbrev. fr. "good
cheap": a good purchase or bargain; cf. F. bon
marché, à bon marché. See
Cheap, n., Cheapen.]
1. Having a low price in market; of small
cost or price, as compared with the usual price or the real
value.
Where there are a great sellers to a few buyers,
there the thing to be sold will be cheap.
Locke.
2. Of comparatively small value; common;
mean.
You grow cheap in every subject's eye.
Dryden.
Dog cheap, very cheap, -- a phrase
formed probably by the catachrestical transposition of
good cheap. [Colloq.]
Cheap, adv. Cheaply.
Milton.
Cheap, v. i. To buy; to
bargain. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Cheap"en (?), v. t. [imp. &
p. p. Cheapened (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Cheapening.] [OE. cheapien,
chepen, to trade, buy, sell, AS. ceápian;
akin to D. koopen to buy, G. kaufen, Icel.
kaupa, Goth. kaupōn to trade. Cf. Chap
to bargain.] 1. To ask the price of; to bid,
bargain, or chaffer for. [Obsoles.]
Pretend to cheapen goods, but nothing
buy.
Swift.
2. [Cf. Cheap, a.]
To beat down the price of; to lessen the value of; to
depreciate. Pope.
My proffered love has cheapened me.
Dryden.
Cheap"en*er (?), n. One who
cheapens.
{ Cheap"-jack` (?), Cheap"-john` (?), }
n. A seller of low-priced or second goods;
a hawker.
Cheap"ly (?), adv. At a small
price; at a low value; in a common or inferior manner.
Cheap"ness (?), n. Lowness in
price, considering the usual price, or real value.
Chear (?), n. & v. [Obs.] See
Cheer.
Cheat (?), n. [rob. an abbrevation
of escheat, lands or tenements that fall to a lord or to
the state by forfeiture, or by the death of the tenant without
heirs; the meaning being explained by the frauds, real or
supposed, that were resorted to in procuring escheats. See
Escheat.] 1. An act of deception or
fraud; that which is the means of fraud or deception; a fraud; a
trick; imposition; imposture.
When I consider life, 'tis all a cheat.
Dryden.
2. One who cheats or deceives; an
impostor; a deceiver; a cheater.
Airy wonders, which cheats interpret.
Johnson
3. (Bot.) A troublesome grass,
growing as a weed in grain fields; -- called also chess.
See Chess.
4. (Law) The obtaining of property
from another by an intentional active distortion of the
truth.
&fist; When cheats are effected by deceitful or illegal
symbols or tokens which may affect the public at large and
against which common prudence could not have guarded, they are
indictable at common law. Wharton.
Syn. -- Deception; imposture; fraud; delusion;
artifice; trick; swindle; deceit; guile; finesse; stratagem.
Cheat, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Cheated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Cheating.] [See Cheat, n.,
Escheat.] 1. To deceive and defraud;
to impose upon; to trick; to swindle.
I am subject to a tyrant, a sorcerer, that by his
cunning hath cheated me of this island.
Shak.
2. To beguile. Sir W.
Scott.
To cheat winter of its dreariness.
W. Irving.
Syn. -- To trick; cozen; gull; chouse; fool; outwit;
circumvent; beguile; mislead; dupe; swindle; defraud; overreach;
delude; hoodwink; deceive; bamboozle.
Cheat, v. i. To practice fraud
or trickery; as, to cheat at cards.
Cheat, n. [Perh. from OF.
cheté goods, chattels.] Wheat, or bread made
from wheat. [Obs.] Drayton.
Their purest cheat,
Thrice bolted, kneaded, and subdued in paste.
Chapman.
Cheat"a*ble (?), a. Capable of
being cheated.
Cheat"a*ble*ness, n.
Capability of being cheated.
Cheat"er (?), n. 1.
One who cheats.
2. An escheator. [R.]
Shak.
Che*bac"co (?), n. [From
Chebacco, the former name of Essex, a town in
Massachusetts where such vessels were built.] (Naut.)
A narrow-sterned boat formerly much used in the Newfoundland
fisheries; -- called also pinkstern and
chebec. Bartlett.
Che"bec (?), n. (Naut.)
See Chebacco.
Che*bec" (?), n. [Named from its
note.] (Zoöl.) A small American bird
(Empidonax minimus); the least flycatcher.
Check (?), n. [OE. chek, OF.
eschec, F. échec, a stop, hindrance, orig.
check in the game of chess, pl. échecs chess,
through AR., fr. Pers. shāh king. See Shah,
and cf. Checkmate, Chess, Checker.]
1. (Chess) A word of warning denoting
that the king is in danger; such a menace of a player's king by
an adversary's move as would, if it were any other piece, expose
it to immediate capture. A king so menaced is said to be in
check, and must be made safe at the next move.
2. A condition of interrupted or impeded
progress; arrest; stop; delay; as, to hold an enemy in
check.
Which gave a remarkable check to the first
progress of Christianity.
Addison.
No check, no stay, this streamlet
fears.
Wordsworth.
3. Whatever arrests progress, or limits
action; an obstacle, guard, restraint, or rebuff.
Useful check upon the administration of
government.
Washington.
A man whom no check could abash.
Macaulay.
4. A mark, certificate, or token, by
which, errors may be prevented, or a thing or person may be
identified; as, checks placed against items in an account;
a check given for baggage; a return check on a
railroad.
5. A written order directing a bank or
banker to pay money as therein stated. See Bank check,
below.
6. A woven or painted design in squares
resembling the patten of a checkerboard; one of the squares of
such a design; also, cloth having such a figure.
7. (Falconry) The forsaking by a
hawk of its proper game to follow other birds.
8. Small chick or crack.
Bank check, a written order on a banker
or broker to pay money in his keeping belonging to the
signer. -- Check book, a book
containing blank forms for checks upon a bank. --
Check hook, a hook on the saddle of a
harness, over which a checkrein is looped. -- Check
list, a list or catalogue by which things may be
verified, or on which they may be checked. -- Check
nut (Mech.), a secondary nut, screwing down
upon the primary nut to secure it. Knight. --
Check valve (Mech.), a valve in the
feed pipe of a boiler to prevent the return of the feed
water. -- To take check, to take
offense. [Obs.] Dryden.
Syn. -- Hindrance; setback; interruption; obstruction;
reprimand; censure; rebuke; reproof; repulse; rebuff; tally;
counterfoil; counterbalance; ticket; draft.
Check, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Checked (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. checking.] 1. (Chess)
To make a move which puts an adversary's piece, esp. his
king, in check; to put in check.
2. To put a sudden restraint upon; to
stop temporarily; to hinder; to repress; to curb.
So many clogs to check and retard the
headlong course of violence and oppression.
Burke.
3. To verify, to guard, to make secure,
by means of a mark, token, or other check; to distinguish by a
check; to put a mark against (an item) after comparing with an
original or a counterpart in order to secure accuracy; as, to
check an account; to check baggage.
4. To chide, rebuke, or
reprove.
The good king, his master, will check him
for it.
Shak.
5. (Naut.) To slack or ease off,
as a brace which is too stiffly extended.
6. To make checks or chinks in; to cause
to crack; as, the sun checks timber.
Syn. -- To restrain; curb; bridle; repress; control;
hinder; impede; obstruct; interrupt; tally; rebuke; reprove;
rebuff.
Check (?), v. i. To make a
stop; to pause; -- with at.
The mind, once jaded by an attempt above its
power, either is disabled for the future, or else checks
at any vigorous undertaking ever after.
Locke.
2. To clash or interfere. [R.]
Bacon.
3. To act as a curb or
restraint.
It [his presence] checks too strong upon
me.
Dryden.
4. To crack or gape open, as wood in
drying; or to crack in small checks, as varnish, paint,
etc.
5. (Falconry) To turn, when in
pursuit of proper game, and fly after other birds.
And like the haggard, check at every
feather
That comes before his eye.
Shak.
Check, a. Checkered; designed
in checks.
Check"age (?), n.
1. The act of checking; as, the
checkage of a name or of an item in a list.
2. The items, or the amount, to which
attention is called by a check or checks.
Check"er, n. [From Check,
v. t.] One who checks.
Check"er (ch&ebreve;k"&etilde;r), v.
t. [imp. & p. p. Checkered (-
&etilde;rd); p. pr. & vb. n.
Checkering.] [From OF. eschequier a chessboard, F.
échiquier. See Check, n.,
and cf. 3d Checker.] 1. To mark with
small squares like a checkerboard, as by crossing stripes of
different colors.
2. To variegate or diversify with
different qualities, colors, scenes, or events; esp., to subject
to frequent alternations of prosperity and adversity.
Our minds are, as it were, checkered with
truth and falsehood.
Addison.
Check"er, n. [OF.
eschequier. See Checker, v.
t.]
1. A piece in the game of draughts or
checkers.
2. A pattern in checks; a single
check.
3. Checkerwork.
&fist; This word is also written chequer.
Check"er*ber`ry (-b&ebreve;r`r&ybreve;),
n.; pl. Checkerberries
(#). (Bot.) A spicy plant and its bright red berry;
the wintergreen (Gaultheria procumbens). Also incorrectly
applied to the partridge berry (Mitchella
repens).
Check"er*board (-bōrd`), n.
A board with sixty-four squares of alternate color, used for
playing checkers or draughts.
Check"ered (-&etilde;rd), a.
1. Marked with alternate squares or checks
of different color or material.
Dancing in the checkered shade.
Milton.
2. Diversified or variegated in a marked
manner, as in appearance, character, circumstances,
etc.
This checkered narrative.
Macaulay.
Check"ers (ch&ebreve;k"&etilde;rz), n.
pl. [See Checher, v.] A
game, called also daughts, played on a checkerboard by two
persons, each having twelve men (counters or checkers) which are
moved diagonally. The game is ended when either of the players
has lost all his men, or can not move them.
Check"er*work` (?), n.
1. Work consisting of or showing checkers
varied alternately as to colors or materials.
2. Any aggregate of varied
vicissitudes.
How strange a checkerwork of Providence is
the life of man.
De Foe.
Check"la*ton (?), n.
1. Ciclatoun. [Obs.]
2. Gilded leather. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Check"less, a. That can not be
checked or restrained.
Check"mate, n. [F. échec et
mat, fr. Per. shāh māt ceckmate, lit., the
king is dead, fr. Ar. māta he died, is dead. The king, when
made prisoner, or checkmated, is assumed to be dead, and the game
is finished. See Chess.] 1. The
position in the game of chess when a king is in check and cannot
be released, -- which ends the game.
2. A complete check; utter defeat or
overthrow.
Check"mate (?), v. t. [imp.
& p. p. Checkmated; p. pr. & vb.
n. Checkmating.] 1.
(Chess) To check (an adversary's king) in such a
manner that escape in impossible; to defeat (an adversary) by
putting his king in check from which there is no
escape.
2. To defeat completely; to terminate; to
thwart.
To checkmate and control my just
demands.
Ford.
Check"rein` (?), n.
1. A short rein looped over the check hook
to prevent a horse from lowering his head; -- called also a
bearing rein.
2. A branch rein connecting the driving
rein of one horse of a span or pair with the bit of the other
horse.
Check"roll` (?), n. A list of
servants in a household; -- called also chequer
roll.
Check"string` (?), n. A cord
by which a person in a carriage or horse car may signal to the
driver.
Check"work (?), n. Anything
made so as to form alternate squares like those of a
checkerboard.
Check"y (ch&ebreve;k"&ybreve;), a.
(Her.) Divided into small alternating squares of two
tinctures; -- said of the field or of an armorial bearing.
[Written also checquy, chequy.]
Ched"dar (?), a. Of or
pertaining to, or made at, Cheddar, in England; as,
Cheddar cheese.
Cheek (chēk), n. [OE.
cheke, cheoke, AS. ceàce,
ceòce; cf. Goth. kukjan to kiss, D.
kaak cheek; perh. akin to E. chew, jaw.]
1. The side of the face below the
eye.
2. The cheek bone. [Obs.]
Caucer.
3. pl. (Mech.) Those pieces
of a machine, or of any timber, or stone work, which form
corresponding sides, or which are similar and in pair; as, the
cheeks (jaws) of a vise; the cheeks of a gun
carriage, etc.
4. pl. The branches of a bridle
bit. Knight.
5. (Founding) A section of a
flask, so made that it can be moved laterally, to permit the
removal of the pattern from the mold; the middle part of a
flask.
6. Cool confidence; assurance;
impudence. [Slang]
Cheek of beef. See Illust. of
Beef. -- Cheek bone (Anat.)
the bone of the side of the face; esp., the malar bone.
-- Cheek by jowl, side by side; very
intimate. -- Cheek pouch
(Zoöl.), a sacklike dilation of the cheeks of
certain monkeys and rodents, used for holding food. --
Cheeks of a block, the two sides of the
shell of a tackle block. -- Cheeks of a
mast, the projection on each side of a mast, upon
which the trestletrees rest. -- Cheek
tooth (Anat.), a hinder or molar tooth.
-- Butment cheek. See under
Butment.
Cheek (chēk), v. t. To
be impudent or saucy to. [Slang.]
Cheeked (chēkt), a.
Having a cheek; -- used in composition. "Rose-
cheeked Adonis." Shak.
Cheek"y, a Brazen-faced; impudent; bold.
[Slang.]
Cheep (chēp), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Cheeped (chēpt).]
[Cf. Chirp]. To chirp, as a young bird.
Cheep, v. t. To give
expression to in a chirping tone.
Cheep and twitter twenty million loves.
Tennyson.
Cheep, n. A chirp, peep, or
squeak, as of a young bird or mouse.
Cheer (chēr), n. [OE.
chere face, welcome, cheer, OF. chiere, F.
chère, fr. LL. cara face, Gr.
ka`ra head; akin to Skr. çiras, L.
cerebrum brain, G. hirn, and E. cranium.]
1. The face; the countenance or its
expression. [Obs.] "Sweat of thy cheer."
Wyclif.
2. Feeling; spirit; state of mind or
heart.
Be of good cheer.
Matt. ix. 2.
The parents . . . fled away with heavy
cheer.
Holland.
3. Gayety; mirth; cheerfulness;
animation.
I have not that alacrity of spirit,
Nor cheer of mind, that I was wont to have.
Shak.
1. That which promotes good spirits or
cheerfulness; provisions prepared for a feast; entertainment; as,
a table loaded with good cheer.
5. A shout, hurrah, or acclamation,
expressing joy enthusiasm, applause, favor, etc.
Welcome her, thundering cheer of the
street.
Tennyson.
Whzt cheer? Now do you fare? What is
there that is cheering?
Cheer, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Cheered (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. cheering.] 1. To cause
to rejoice; to gladden; to make cheerful; -- often with
up. Cowpe.
2. To infuse life, courage, animation, or
hope, into; to inspirit; to solace or comfort.
The proud he tamed, the penitent he
cheered.
Dryden.
3. To salute or applaud with cheers; to
urge on by cheers; as, to cheer hounds in a
chase.
To cheer ship, to salute a passing ship
by cheers of sailors stationed in the rigging.
Syn. -- To gladden; encourage; inspirit; comfort;
console; enliven; refresh; exhilarate; animate; applaud.
Cheer, v. i. 1.
To grow cheerful; to become gladsome or joyous; -- usually
with up.
At sight of thee my gloomy soul cheers
up.
A. Philips.
2. To be in any state or temper of
mind. [Obs.]
How cheer'st thou, Jessica?
Shak.
3. To utter a shout or shouts of
applause, triumph, etc.
And even the ranks of Tusculum
Could scare forbear to cheer.
Macaulay.
Cheer"er (?), n. One who
cheers; one who, or that which, gladdens. "Thou
cheerer of our days." Wotton. "Prime
cheerer, light." Thomson.
Cheer"ful (?), a. Having or
showing good spirits or joy; cheering; cheery; contented; happy;
joyful; lively; animated; willing.
To entertain a cheerful disposition.
Shak.
The cheerful birds of sundry kind
Do chant sweet music.
Spenser.
A cheerful confidence in the mercy of
God.
Macaulay.
This general applause and cheerful
shout.
Shak.
Syn. -- Lively; animated; gay; joyful; lightsome;
gleeful; blithe; airy; sprightly; jocund; jolly; joyous;
vivacious; buoyant; sunny; happy; hopeful.
Cheer"ful*ly, adv. In a
cheerful manner, gladly.
Cheer"ful*ness, n. Good
spirits; a state of moderate joy or gayety; alacrity.
Cheer"i*ly (?), adv. In a
cheery manner.
Cheer"i*ness, n. The state of
being cheery.
Cheer"ing*ly (?), adv. In a
manner to cheer or encourage.
Cheer"is*ness, n.
Cheerfulness. [Obs.]
There is no Christian duty that is not to be
seasoned and set off with cheerishness.
Milton.
Cheer"less, a. Without joy,
gladness, or comfort.
-- Cheer"less*ly, adv. --
Cheer"less*ness, n.
My cheerful day is turned to cheerless
night.
Spenser.
Syn. -- Gloomy; sad; comfortless; dispiriting;
dicsconsolate; dejected; melancholy; forlorn.
Cheer"ly (?), a. Gay;
cheerful. [Obs.] Shak.
Cheer"ly, adv. Cheerily.
[Archaic] Tennyson.
Cheer"ry (?), a. Cheerful;
lively; gay; bright; pleasant; as, a cheery
person.
His cheery little study, where the sunshine
glimmered so pleasantly.
Hawthorne.
Cheese (?), n. [OE. chese,
AS. cēse, fr. L. caseus, LL. casius.
Cf. Casein.] 1. The curd of milk,
coagulated usually with rennet, separated from the whey, and
pressed into a solid mass in a hoop or mold.
2. A mass of pomace, or ground apples,
pressed together in the form of a cheese.
3. The flat, circular, mucilaginous fruit
of the dwarf mallow (Malva rotundifolia).
[Colloq.]
4. A low courtesy; -- so called on
account of the cheese form assumed by a woman's dress when she
stoops after extending the skirts by a rapid gyration.
De Quincey. Thackeray.
Cheese cake, a cake made of or filled
with, a composition of soft curds, sugar, and butter.
Prior. -- Cheese fly
(Zoöl.), a black dipterous insect (Piophila
casei) of which the larvæ or maggots, called
skippers or hoppers, live in cheese. --
Cheese mite (Zoöl.), a minute
mite (Tryoglyhus siro) in cheese and other articles of
food. -- Cheese press, a press used in
making cheese, to separate the whey from the curd, and to press
the curd into a mold. -- Cheese rennet
(Bot.), a plant of the Madder family (Golium
verum, or yellow bedstraw), sometimes used to
coagulate milk. The roots are used as a substitute for
madder. -- Cheese vat, a vat or tub in
which the curd is formed and cut or broken, in cheese
making.
Cheese"lep (?), n. [Cf.
Keslop.] A bag in which rennet is kept.
Cheese"mon`ger (?), n. One who
deals in cheese. B. Jonson.
Cheese"par`ing (?), n. A thin
portion of the rind of a cheese. -- a.
Scrimping; mean; as, cheeseparing economy.
Chees"i*ness (?), n. The
quality of being cheesy.
Chees"y (?), a. Having the
nature, qualities, taste, form, consistency, or appearance of
cheese.
Chee"tah (?), n. [Hind.
chītā.] (Zoöl.) A species of
leopard (Cynælurus jubatus) tamed and used for
hunting in India. The woolly cheetah of South Africa is C.
laneus. [Written also chetah.]
||Chef (?), n. [F.]
1. A chief of head person.
2. The head cook of large establishment,
as a club, a family, etc.
3. (Her.) Same as
Chief.
||Chef`-d'œuvre" (?), n.;
pl. Chefs-d'œuvre (#). [F.] A
masterpiece; a capital work in art, literature, etc.
{ Cheg"oe (?), Cheg"re (?) },
n. See Chigoe.
Chei"lo*plas`ty (?), n. [Gr. &?; a
lip + -plasty.] (Surg.) The process of forming
an artificial tip or part of a lip, by using for the purpose a
piece of healthy tissue taken from some neighboring
part.
||Chei*lop"o*da (?), n. [NL.]
(Zoöl.) See Chilopoda.
Chei*rop"ter (?), n.
(Zoöl.) One of the Cheiroptera.
||Chei*rop"te*ra (k>isl/*r&obreve;p"t&etilde;r),
n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. chei`r hand +
ptero`n wing.] (Zoöl.) An order of
mammalia, including the bats, having four toes of each of the
anterior limbs elongated and connected by a web, so that they can
be used like wings in flying. See Bat.
Chei*rop"ter*ous (?), a.
(Zoöl.) Belonging to the Cheiroptera, or Bat
family.
||Chei*rop`te*ryg"i*um (?), n.;
pl. Cheiropterygia (#). [NL., fr. Gr.
&?; hand + &?;; &?; wing, fin.] (Anat.) The typical
pentadactyloid limb of the higher vertebrates.
Chei*ros"o*phy (?), n. [Gr. &?;
hand + &?; knowledge.] The art of reading character as it is
delineated in the hand.
-- Chei*ros"o*phist (&?;), n.
||Chei`ro*the"ri*um (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. &?; hand + &?; beast.] (Poleon.) A genus of
extinct animals, so named from fossil footprints rudely
resembling impressions of the human hand, and believed to have
been made by labyrinthodont reptiles. See Illustration in
Appendix.
Chek`e*la*toun" (?), n. See
Ciclatoun. [Obs.] Chaucer.
||Chek"mak (?), n. A turkish
fabric of silk and cotton, with gold thread interwoven.
||Che"la (?), n.; pl.
Chelæ (#). [NL., fr. Gr.
chhlh` claw.] (Zoöl.) The pincherlike
claw of Crustacea and Arachnida.
Che"late (?), a.
(Zoöl.) Same as Cheliferous.
Chel`e*ryth"rine (?), n. [Gr. &?;
celandine + 'eryqro`s red.] (Chem.) An
alkaloidal principle obtained from the celandine, and named from
the red color of its salts. It is a colorless crystalline
substance, and acts as an acrid narcotic poison. It is identical
with sanguinarine.
||Che*lic"e*ra (k&esl;*l&ibreve;s"&esl;*r&adot;),
n.; pl.
Cheliceræ (-rē). [NL., fr. Gr.
chhlh` claw + ke`ras horn.]
(Zoöl.) One of the anterior pair of mouth
organs, terminated by a pincherlike claw, in scorpions and allied
Arachnida. They are homologous with the falcers of spiders, and
probably with the mandibles of insects.
Chel"i*don (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr.
chelidw`n.] (Anat.) The hollow at the
flexure of the arm.
Chel`i*don"ic (?), a. [See
Celandine.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or
derived from, the celandine.
Chelidonic acid, a weak acid extracted
from the celandine (Chelidonium majus), as a white
crystalline substance.
||Chel`i*do"ni*us (?), n. [L. (sc.
lapillus.)] A small stone taken from the gizzard of a
young swallow. -- anciently worn as a medicinal charm.
Chel"i*fer (?), n. [Gr.
chhlh` claw + -fer.] (Zoöl.)
See Book scorpion, under Book.
Che*lif"er*ous (?), a. [Gr.
chhlh` claw + -ferous.] (Zoöl.)
Having cheliform claws, like a crab.
Chel"i*form (?), a. [Gr.
chhlh` claw + -form.] (Zoöl.)
Having a movable joint or finger closing against a preceding
joint or a projecting part of it, so that the whole may be used
for grasping, as the claw of a crab; pincherlike.
||Che*lo"ne (?), n. [Gr.
chelw`nh a tortoise. So named from shape of the upper
lip of the corolla.] (Bot.) A genus of hardy
perennial flowering plants, of the order
Scrophulariaceæ, natives of North America; -- called
also snakehead, turtlehead, shellflower,
etc.
||Che*lo"ni*a (k&esl;*lō"n&ibreve;*&adot;),
n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. chelw`nh a
tortoise.] (Zoöl.) An order of reptiles,
including the tortoises and turtles, peculiar in having a part of
the vertebræ, ribs, and sternum united with the dermal
plates so as to form a firm shell. The jaws are covered by a
horny beak. See Reptilia; also, Illust. in
Appendix.
Che*lo"ni*an (?), a.
(Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to animals of the
tortoise kind. -- n. One of the
Chelonia.
||Che*lu"ra (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr.
chhlh` claw + &?; tail.] (Zoöl.) A
genus of marine amphipod crustacea, which bore into and sometimes
destroy timber.
Che"ly (?), n. A claw. See
Chela. [Obs.]
Chem"ic (?), n. [See
Chenistry.] 1. A chemist; an
alchemist. [Obs.]
2. (Bleaching) A solution of
chloride of lime.
Chem"ic, a. Chemical.
Blackw. Mag.
Chem"ic*al (?), a. Pertaining
to chemistry; characterized or produced by the forces and
operations of chemistry; employed in the processes of chemistry;
as, chemical changes; chemical
combinations.
Chemical attraction or
affinity. See under Attraction.
Chem"ic*al, n. A substance
used for producing a chemical effect; a reagent.
Chem"ic*al*ly, adv. According
to chemical principles; by chemical process or
operation.
Chem`i*glyph"ic (?), a.
[Chemical + &?; to engrave.] Engraved by a voltaic
battery.
Chem`i*loon" (?), n. A garment
for women, consisting of chemise and drawers united in one.
[U. S.]
Che*mise" (?), n. [F., shirt, fr.
LL. camisa, camisia, shirt, thin dress; cf. G.
hemd, or OIr. caimmse sort of garment. Cf.
Camis.] 1. A shift, or undergarment,
worn by women.
2. A wall that lines the face of a bank
or earthwork.
Chem`i*sette" (?), n.[F., dim. of
chemise.] An under-garment, worn by women, usually
covering the neck, shoulders, and breast.
Chem"ism (?), n. [Cf. F.
chimisme. See Chemistry.] The force exerted
between the atoms of elementary substance whereby they unite to
form chemical compounds; chemical attaction; affinity; --
sometimes used as a general expression for chemical activity or
relationship.
Chem"ist, n. [Shortened from
alchemist; cf. F. chimiste.] A person versed
in chemistry or given to chemical investigation; an analyst; a
maker or seller of chemicals or drugs.
Chem"is*try (k&ebreve;m"&ibreve;s*tr&ybreve;; 277),
n. [From Chemist. See Alchemy.]
1. That branch of science which treats of
the composition of substances, and of the changes which they
undergo in consequence of alterations in the constitution of the
molecules, which depend upon variations of the number, kind, or
mode of arrangement, of the constituent atoms. These atoms are
not assumed to be indivisible, but merely the finest grade of
subdivision hitherto attained. Chemistry deals with the changes
in the composition and constitution of molecules. See
Atom, Molecule.
&fist; Historically, chemistry is an outgrowth of alchemy (or
alchemistry), with which it was anciently identified.
2. An application of chemical theory and
method to the consideration of some particular subject; as, the
chemistry of iron; the chemistry of
indigo.
3. A treatise on chemistry.
&fist; This word and its derivatives were formerly written
with y, and sometimes with i, instead of e, in the
first syllable, chymistry, chymist,
chymical, etc., or chimistry, chimist,
chimical, etc.; and the pronunciation was conformed to the
orthography.
Inorganic chemistry, that which treats
of inorganic or mineral substances. -- Organic
chemistry, that which treats of the substances
which form the structure of organized beings and their products,
whether animal or vegetable; -- called also chemistry of the
carbon compounds. There is no fundamental difference between
organic and inorganic chemistry. -- Physiological
chemistry, the chemistry of the organs and tissues
of the body, and of the various physiological processes incident
to life. -- Practical chemistry, or
Applied chemistry, that which treats of the
modes of manufacturing the products of chemistry that are useful
in the arts, of their applications to economical purposes, and of
the conditions essential to their best use. -- Pure
chemistry, the consideration of the facts and
theories of chemistry in their purely scientific relations,
without necessary reference to their practical applications or
mere utility.
Chem"i*type (?), n.
[Chemical + -type.] (Engraving) One of
a number of processes by which an impression from an engraved
plate is obtained in relief, to be used for printing on an
ordinary printing press.
Che*mol"y*sis (?), n.
[Chemical + Gr. &?; a loosing.] A term sometimes
applied to the decomposition of organic substance into more
simple bodies, by the use of chemical agents alone.
Thudichum.
Chem`os*mo"sis (?), n.
[Chemical + osmosis.] Chemical action taking
place through an intervening membrane.
Chem`os*mot"ic (?), a.
Pertaining to, or produced by, chemosmosis. [R.]
Che*mung" pe"ri*od (?), (Geol.) A
subdivision in the upper part of the Devonian system in America,
so named from the Chemung River, along which the rocks are well
developed. It includes the Portage and Chemung groups or epochs.
See the Diagram under Geology.
||Cheng (?), n. [Chinese.] A
chinese reed instrument, with tubes, blown by the
mouth.
Che*nille" (sh&esl;*nēl"), n.
[F., prop., a caterpillar.] Tufted cord, of silk or worsted,
for the trimming of ladies' dresses, for embroidery and fringes,
and for the weft of Chenille rugs.
||Che`no*mor"phæ (?), n. pl.
[NL., from Gr. &?; the wild goose + &?; form.]
(Zoöl.) An order of birds, including the swans,
ducks, geese, flamingoes and screamers.
Chep"ster (ch&ebreve;p"st&etilde;r),
n. (Zoöl.) The European
starling. [Local, Eng.]
Cheque (ch&ebreve;k), n. See
Check.
Cheq"uer (ch&ebreve;k"&etilde;r), n. &
v. Same as Checker.
Che*quin" (ch&esl;*kēn"), n.
A coin. See Sequin. Shak.
Cheq"uy (?), n. (Her.)
Same as Checky.
Cher"if (sh&ebreve;r"&ibreve;f), n.
See Sherif.
Cher`i*moy"er (?), n. [F.
chérimolier.] (Bot.) 1.
A small downy-leaved tree (Anona Cherimolia), with
fragrant flowers. It is a native of Peru.
2. Its delicious fruit, which is
succulent, dark purple, and similar to the custard apple of the
West Indies.
Cher"ish (ch&ebreve;r"&ibreve;sh), v.
t. [imp. & p. p. Cherished (-
&ibreve;sht); p. pr. & vb. n.
Cherising.] [F. chérir, fr. cher
dear, fr. L. carus. See Caress, Finish.]
1. To treat with tenderness and affection;
to nurture with care; to protect and aid.
We were gentle among you, even as a nurse
cherisheth her children.
1 Thess. ii. 7.
2. To hold dear; to embrace with
interest; to indulge; to encourage; to foster; to promote; as, to
cherish religious principle.
To cherish virtue and humanity.
Burke.
Syn. -- To nourish; foster; nurse; nurture; entertain;
encourage; comfort; protect; support; See Nurture.
Cher"ish*er (ch&ebreve;r"&ibreve;sh*&etilde;r),
n. One who cherishes.
The cherisher of my flesh and blood.
Shak.
Cher"ish*ment (?), n.
Encouragement; comfort. [Obs.]
Rich bounty and dear cherishment.
Spenser.
Cher"mes (?), n. See
Kermes.
Cher"o*gril (?), n. [L.
choerogryllus, Gr. &?;; &?; a young swine + &?; a pig.]
(Zoöl.) See Cony.
Cher`o*kees" (?), n. pl.;
sing. Cherokee. (Ethnol.)
An Appalachian tribe of Indians, formerly inhabiting the
region about the head waters of the Tennessee River. They are now
mostly settled in the Indian Territory, and have become one of
the most civilized of the Indian Tribes.
Che*root" (ch&esl;*r&oomac;t"; 277),
n. [Tamil shuru&tsdot;&tsdot;u, prop., a
roll.] A kind of cigar, originally brought from Manila, in
the Philippine Islands; now often made of inferior or adulterated
tobacco.
Cher"ry (ch&ebreve;r"r&ybreve;), n.
[OE. chery, for cherys, fr. F. cerise (cf.
AS. cyrs cherry), fr. LL. ceresia, fr. L.
cerasus Cherry tree, Gr. keraso`s, perh. fr.
ke`ras horn, from the hardness of the wood.]
1. (Bot.) A tree or shrub of the
genus Prunus (Which also includes the plum) bearing a
fleshy drupe with a bony stone; (a)
The common garden cherry (Prunus Cerasus), of which
several hundred varieties are cultivated for the fruit, some of
which are, the begarreau, blackheart, black Tartarian, oxheart,
morelle or morello, May-duke (corrupted from Médoc in
France). (b) The wild cherry; as,
Prunus serotina (wild black cherry), valued for its
timber; P. Virginiana (choke cherry), an American shrub
which bears astringent fruit; P. avium and P.
Padus, European trees (bird cherry).
2. The fruit of the cherry tree, a drupe
of various colors and flavors.
3. The timber of the cherry tree, esp. of
the black cherry, used in cabinetmaking, etc.
4. A peculiar shade of red, like that of
a cherry.
Barbadoes cherry. See under
Barbadoes. -- Cherry bird
(Zoöl.), an American bird; the cedar bird; -- so
called from its fondness for cherries. -- Cherry
bounce, cherry brandy and sugar. --
Cherry brandy, brandy in which cherries
have been steeped. -- Cherry laurel
(Bot.), an evergreen shrub (Prunus Lauro-
cerasus) common in shrubberies, the poisonous leaves of which
have a flavor like that of bitter almonds. -- Cherry
pepper (Bot.), a species of Capsicum
(C. cerasiforme), with small, scarlet, intensely piquant
cherry-shaped fruit. -- Cherry pit.
(a) A child's play, in which cherries are
thrown into a hole. Shak. (b) A
cherry stone. -- Cherry rum, rum in
which cherries have been steeped. -- Cherry
sucker (Zoöl.), the European spotted
flycatcher (Musicapa grisola); -- called also cherry
chopper cherry snipe. -- Cherry
tree, a tree that bears cherries. --
Ground cherry, Winter cherry,
See Alkekengi.
Cher"ry (ch&ebreve;r"r&ybreve;), a.
Like a red cherry in color; ruddy; blooming; as, a
cherry lip; cherry cheeks.
Cher"so*nese (k&etilde;r"s&osl;*nēs),
n. [Gr. cherso`nhsos;
che`rsos land + nh`sos island.] A
peninsula; a tract of land nearly surrounded by water, but united
to a larger tract by a neck of land or isthmus; as, the
Cimbric Chersonese, or Jutland; the Tauric
Chersonese, or Crimea.
Chert (ch&etilde;rt), n. [Ir.
ceart stone, perh. akin to E. crag.] (Min.)
An impure, massive, flintlike quartz or hornstone, of a dull
color.
Chert"y (?), a. Like chert;
containing chert; flinty.
Cher"ub (?), n.; pl.
Cherubs (#); but the Hebrew plural
Cherubim (#) is also used. [Heb.
kerūb.] 1. A mysterious
composite being, the winged footstool and chariot of the
Almighty, described in Ezekiel i. and x.
I knew that they were the cherubim.
Ezek. x. 20.
He rode upon a cherub and did fly.
Ps. xviii. 10.
2. A symbolical winged figure of unknown
form used in connection with the mercy seat of the Jewish Ark and
Temple. Ez. xxv. 18.
3. One of a order of angels, variously
represented in art. In European painting the cherubim have been
shown as blue, to denote knowledge, as distinguished from the
seraphim (see Seraph), and in later art the children's
heads with wings are generally called cherubs.
4. A beautiful child; -- so called
because artists have represented cherubs as beautiful
children.
{ Che*ru"bic (?), Che*ru"bic*al (?), }
a. Of or pertaining to cherubs;
angelic. "The cherubic host." Milton.
Cher"u*bim (?), n. The Hebrew
plural of Cherub.. Cf. Seraphim.
&fist; Cherubims, in the King James version of the
bible, is an incorrect form, made by adding the English plural
termination to the Hebrew plural cherubim instead of to
the singular cherub.
Cher"u*bin (?), a. Cherubic;
angelic. [Obs.] Shak.
Cher"u*bin, n. A cherub.
[Obs.] Dryden.
Cher"up (?), v. i. [Prob. fr.
chirp.] To make a short, shrill, cheerful sound; to
chirp. See Chirrup. "Cheruping birds."
Drayton.
Cher"up, v. t. To excite or
urge on by making a short, shrill, cheerful sound; to cherup to.
See Chirrup.
He cherups brisk ear-erecting steed.
Cowper.
Cher"up, n. A short, sharp,
cheerful noise; a chirp; a chirrup; as, the cherup of a
cricket.
Cher"vil (?), n. [AS.
cerfille, fr. L. caerefolium, chaerephyllum,
Gr. &?;; &?; to rejoice + &?; leaf.] (Bot.) A plant
(Anthriscus cerefolium) with pinnately divided aromatic
leaves, of which several curled varieties are used in soups and
salads.
Ches (?), pret. of Chese. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Chese (?), v. t. To
choose [Obs.] Chaucer.
Ches"i*ble (?), n. See
Chasuble.
Ches"lip (?), n.
(Zoöl.) The wood louse. [Prov. Eng.]
Chess (?), n. [OE. ches, F.
échecs, prop. pl. of échec check. See
1st Check.] A game played on a chessboard, by two
persons, with two differently colored sets of men, sixteen in
each set. Each player has a king, a queen, two bishops, two
knights, two castles or rooks, and eight pawns.
Chess, n. (Bot.) A
species of brome grass (Bromus secalinus) which is a
troublesome weed in wheat fields, and is often erroneously
regarded as degenerate or changed wheat; it bears a very slight
resemblance to oats, and if reaped and ground up with wheat, so
as to be used for food, is said to produce narcotic effects; --
called also cheat and Willard's bromus. [U.
S.]
&fist; Other species of brome grass are called upright
chess, soft chess, etc.
Chess"-ap`ple (?), n. The wild
service of Europe (Purus torminalis).
Chess"board` (?), n. The board
used in the game of chess, having eight rows of alternate light
and dark squares, eight in each row. See
Checkerboard.
&fist; The chessboard and the checkerboard are alike.
Ches"sel (?), n. The wooden
mold in which cheese is pressed. Simmonds.
Chess"es (?), n. pl. [Cf. F.
chassis a framework of carpenty.] (Mil.) The
platforms, consisting of two or more planks doweled together, for
the flooring of a temporary military bridge.
Wilhelm.
&fist;A singular, chess, is sometimes used. "Each
chess consists of three planks." Farrow.
Ches"sil (?), n. [OE.
chesil, AS. ceosel gravel, sand.] Gravel or
pebbles. Halliwell.
Chess"man (?), n.; pl.
Chessmen (#). A piece used in the game of
chess.
Ches"som (#), n. [Cf.
Chisley.] Mellow earth; mold. [Obs.]
Bacon.
Chess"tree` (?), n. [Cf. F.
chassis a framework of carpentry.] (Naut.) A
piece of oak bolted perpendicularly on the side of a vessel, to
aid in drawing down and securing the clew of the
mainsail.
Ches`sy" cop"per (?). (Min.) The mineral
azurite, found in fine crystallization at Chessy, near
Lyons; called also chessylite.
Chest (ch&ebreve;st), n. [OE.
chest, chist, AS. cest, cist,
cyst, L. cista, fr. Gr. ki`sth. Cf.
Cist, Cistern.] 1. A large box
of wood, or other material, having, like a trunk, a lid, but no
covering of skin, leather, or cloth.
Heaps of money crowded in the chest.
Dryden.
2. A coffin. [Obs.]
He is now dead and mailed in his
cheste.
Chaucer.
3. The part of the body inclosed by the
ribs and breastbone; the thorax.
4. (Com.) A case in which certain
goods, as tea, opium, etc., are transported; hence, the quantity
which such a case contains.
5. (Mech.) A tight receptacle or
box, usually for holding gas, steam, liquids, etc.; as, the steam
chest of an engine; the wind chest of an
organ.
Bomb chest, See under Bomb.
-- Chest of drawers, a case or movable
frame containing drawers.
Chest (?), v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Chested.] 1. To deposit
in a chest; to hoard.
2. To place in a coffin. [Obs.]
He dieth and is chested.
Gen. 1. 26 (heading).
Chest (?), n. [AS.
ceást.] Strife; contention; controversy.
[Obs.] P. Plowman.
Chest"ed, a. Having (such) a
chest; -- in composition; as, broad-chested; narrow-
chested.
Ches"ter*lite (?), n. [See -
lite.] A variety of feldspar found in crystals in the
county of Chester, Pennsylvania.
Ches"teyn (?), n. The chestnut
tree. [Obs.]
Wilwe, elm, plane, assch, box,
chesteyn.
Chaucer.
Chest" foun`der (?). (Far.) A rheumatic
affection of the muscles of the breast and fore legs of a horse,
affecting motion and respiration.
Chest"nut (ch&ebreve;s"nŭt),
n. [For chesten-nut; OE.
chestein, chesten, chastein, chestnut, fr.
AS. cisten in cisten-beám chestnut tree,
influenced by OF. chastaigne, F. châtaigne,
both the AS. and the F. words coming from L. castanea a
chestnut, Gr. ka`stanon, fr. Ka`stana a
city of Pontus, where chestnut trees grew in abundance, and
whence they were introduced into Europe. Cf. Castanets.]
1. (Bot.) The edible nut of a forest
tree (Castanea vesca) of Europe and America. Commonly two
or more of the nuts grow in a prickly bur.
2. The tree itself, or its light, coarse-
grained timber, used for ornamental work, furniture,
etc.
3. A bright brown color, like that of the
nut.
4. The horse chestnut (often so used in
England).
5. One of the round, or oval, horny
plates on the inner sides of the legs of the horse, and allied
animals.
6. An old joke or story.
[Slang]
Chestnut tree, a tree that bears
chestnuts.
Chest"nut, a. Of the color of
a chestnut; of a reddish brown color; as, chestnut
curls.
Che"tah (chē"t&adot;), n.
(Zoöl.) See Cheetah.
Chet"vert (ch&ebreve;t"v&etilde;rt),
n. [Russ. chetverte.] A measure of
grain equal to 0.7218 of an imperial quarter, or 5.95 Winchester
bushels. [Russia]
Chev"a*chie` (?), n. See
Chivachie. [Obs.]
Che"vage (chē"v&asl;j), n.
See Chiefage. [Obs.]
||Che*val" (she*v&adot;l"),
n.; pl. Chevaux (-
vō"). [F. See Cavalcade.] A horse; hence, a
support or frame.
Cheval glass, a mirror swinging in a
frame, and large enough to reflect the full length
figure.
||Che*val"-de-frise" (?), n.;
commonly used in the pl. Chevaux-de-
frise. [F.; cheval horse + Frise
Friesland, where it was first used.] (Mil.) A piece
of timber or an iron barrel traversed with iron-pointed spikes or
spears, five or six feet long, used to defend a passage, stop a
breach, or impede the advance of cavalry, etc.
Obstructions of chain, boom, and cheval-de-
frise.
W. Irving.
Che`va*lier" (?), n. [F., fr. LL.
caballarius. See Cavaller.] 1.
A horseman; a knight; a gallant young man. "Mount,
chevaliers; to arms." Shak.
2. A member of certain orders of
knighthood.
||Chevalier d'industrie (&?;) [F.], one
who lives by persevering fraud; a pickpocket; a sharper. --
The Chevalier St. George (Eng. Hist.),
James Francis Edward Stuart (son of James II.), called "The
Pretender." -- The Young Chevalier,
Charles Edward Stuart, son of the Chevalier St.
George.
||Che*vaux" (she*vō"), n.
pl. See Cheval.
Cheve (chēv), v. i. [OF.
chevir. See Chievance.] To come to an issue;
to turn out; to succeed; as, to cheve well in a
enterprise. [Prov. or Obs.] Holland.
||Cheve*lure" (?), n. [F., head of
hair.] A hairlike envelope.
The nucleus and chevelure of nebulous
star.
Sir. W. Hershel.
Chev"en (?), n. [Cf. F.
chevanne. Cf. Chavender.]
(Zoöl.) A river fish; the chub. Sir T.
Browne.
Chev"en*tein (?), n. A variant
of Chieftain. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Chev"er*il (?), n. [OF.
chevrel, F. chevreau, kid, dim. of chevre
goat, fr. L. capra. See Caper, v.
i.] Soft leather made of kid skin. Fig.: Used as a
symbol of flexibility. [Obs.]
Here's wit of cheveril, that stretches from
an inch narrow to an ell broad.
Shak.
Chev"er*il, a. Made of
cheveril; pliant. [Obs.]
A cheveril conscience and a searching
wit.
Drayton.
Chev"er*li*ize (?), v. i. To
make as pliable as kid leather. [Obs.] Br.
Montagu.
||Che*vet" (?), n. [F., head of the
bed, dim. fr. chef head. See Chief.] (Arch.)
The extreme end of the chancel or choir; properly the round
or polygonal part.
Chev"i*ot (?), n.
1. A valuable breed of mountain sheep in
Scotland, which takes its name from the Cheviot hills.
2. A woolen fabric, for men's
clothing.
Chev"i*sance (?), n. [Of.
chevisance, chevissance, fr. chevircome to
an end, perform, fr. chef head, end, from L. caput
head. See Chieve, Chief.]
1. Achievement; deed; performance.
[Obs.]
Fortune, the foe of famous chevisance.
Spenser.
2. A bargain; profit; gain. [Obs.]
Piers Plowman.
3. (O. Eng. Law) (a)
A making of contracts. (b) A
bargain or contract; an agreement about a matter in dispute, such
as a debt; a business compact. (c) An
unlawful agreement or contract.
Chev*rette" (?), n. [F., fr.
chévre goat, fr. L. capra. Cf.
Chevron.] (Mil.) A machine for raising guns or
mortar into their carriages.
Chev"ron (?), n. [F., rafter,
chevron, from chévre goat, OF. chevre, fr.
L. capra she-goat. See Cheveril.]
1. (Her.) One of the nine honorable
ordinaries, consisting of two broad bands of the width of the
bar, issuing, respectively from the dexter and sinister bases of
the field and conjoined at its center.
2. (Mil.) A distinguishing mark,
above the elbow, on the sleeve of a non-commissioned officer's
coat.
3. (Arch.) A zigzag molding, or
group of moldings, common in Norman architecture.
Chevron bones (Anat.), The V-
shaped subvertebral arches which inclose the caudal blood vessels
in some animals.
Chev"roned (?), p. a. Having a
chevron; decorated with an ornamental figure of a zigzag
from.
[A garment] whose nether parts, with their bases,
were of watchet cloth of silver, chevroned all over with
lace.
B. Jonson.
Chev"ron*el (?), n. (Her.)
A bearing like a chevron, but of only half its
width.
Chev"ron*wise` (?), adv.
(Her.) In the manner of a chevron; as, the field may
be divided chevronwise.
Chev`ro*tain" (?), n. [F.
chevrotin, OF. chevrot little goat, roe, dim. of
chevre goat. See Chevron.] (Zoöl.)
A small ruminant of the family Tragulidæ a
allied to the musk deer. It inhabits Africa and the East Indies.
See Kanchil.
Chev"y (?), v. t. See
Chivy, v. t. [Slang, Eng.]
One poor fellow was chevied about among the
casks in the storm for ten minutes.
London Times.
Chew (ch&udd;), v. t. [imp.
& p. p. Chewed (ch&udd;d); p. pr. & vb.
n. Chewing.] [As ceówan, akin to
D. kauwen, G. kauen. Cf. Chaw, Jaw.]
1. To bite and grind with the teeth; to
masticate.
2. To ruminate mentally; to meditate
on.
He chews revenge, abjuring his offense.
Prior.
To chew the cud, to chew the food over
again, as a cow; to ruminate; hence, to meditate.
Every beast the parteth the hoof, and cleaveth the
cleft into two claws, and cheweth the cud among the
beasts, that ye shall eat.
Deut. xxiv. 6.
Chew, v. i. To perform the
action of biting and grinding with the teeth; to ruminate; to
meditate.
old politicians chew wisdom past.
Pope.
Chew, n. That which is chewed;
that which is held in the mouth at once; a cud. [Law]
Chew"er (?), n. One who
chews.
Chew"et, n. A kind of meat
pie. [Obs.]
Che"wink (?), n.
(Zoöl.) An american bird (Pipilo
erythrophthalmus) of the Finch family, so called from its
note; -- called also towhee bunting and ground
robin.
Chey*ennes" (?), n. pl.;
sing. cheyenne. (Ethnol.)
A warlike tribe of indians, related to the blackfeet,
formerly inhabiting the region of Wyoming, but now mostly on
reservations in the Indian Territory. They are noted for their
horsemanship.
Chi"an (?) a. [L. chius, fr.
Chios the island Chios, Gr. &?;.] Of or pertaining to
Chios, an island in the Ægean Sea.
Chian earth, a dense, compact kind of
earth, from Chios, used anciently as an astringent and a
cosmetic. -- Chian turpentine, a
fragrant, almost transparent turpentine, obtained from the
Pistacia Terebinthus.
Chi*a`ros*cu"rist (?), n. A
painter who cares for and studies light and shade rather than
color.
{ ||Chia`ro*scu"ro (?), ||Chi*a"ro-os*cu"ro
(?), } n. [It., clear dark.]
(a) The arrangement of light and dark parts
in a work of art, such as a drawing or painting, whether in
monochrome or in color. (b) The art or
practice of so arranging the light and dark parts as to produce a
harmonious effect. Cf. Clair-obscur.
{ Chi"asm (kī"ăz'm),
||Chi*as"ma (k&isl;*ăz"m&adot;), }
n. [NL. chiasma, fr. Gr.
chi`asma two lines placed crosswise, fr. &?; to mark
with a χ.] (Anat.) A commissure; especially, the
optic commissure, or crucial union of the optic nerves. --
Chi*as"mal (&?;), a..
||Chi*as"mus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr.
chiasmo`s a placing crosswise, fr.
chia`zein. See Chiasm.] (Rhet.) An
inversion of the order of words or phrases, when repeated or
subsequently referred to in a sentence; thus,
If e'er to bless thy sons
My voice or hands deny,
These hands let useful skill forsake,
This voice in silence die.
Dwight.
Chi*as"to*lite (k&isl;*ăs"t&osl;*līt),
n. [Gr. chiasto`s marked with a
χ + -lite. See Chiasm. So called from the
resemblance of the cross cuts of its crystals to the Greek letter
χ.] (Min.) A variety of andalusite; -- called
also macle. The tessellated appearance of a cross section
is due to the symmetrical arrangement of impurities in the
crystal.
Chib"bal (?), n. (Bot.)
See Cibol.
{ ||Chi*bouque", Chi*bouk" } (?),
n. [F. chibouque, fr. Turk.] A
Turkish pipe, usually with a mouthpiece of amber, a stem, four or
five feet long and not pliant, of some valuable wood, and a bowl
of baked clay.
||Chic (?), n. [F.] Good form;
style. [Slang]
||Chi"ca (?), n. [Sp.] A red
coloring matter. extracted from the Bignonia Chica, used
by some tribes of South American Indians to stain the
skin.
2. A fermented liquor or beer made in
South American from a decoction of maize.
3. A popular Moorish, Spanish, and South
American dance, said to be the original of the fandango,
etc.
Chi*cane" (?), n. [F., prob.
earlier meaning a dispute, orig. in the game of mall (F.
mail), fr. LGr. &?; the game of mall, fr Pers
chaugān club or bat; or possibly ultimated fr. L.
ciccus a trible.] The use of artful subterfuge,
designed to draw away attention from the merits of a case or
question; -- specifically applied to legal proceedings; trickery;
chicanery; caviling; sophistry. Prior.
To shuffle from them by chicane.
Burke.
To cut short this chicane, I propound it
fairly to your own conscience.
Berkeley.
Chi*cane", v. i. [Cf. F.
chicaner. See Chicane, n.]
To use shifts, cavils, or artifices.
Burke.
Chi*can"er (?), n. [Cf. F.
chicaneur.] One who uses chicanery.
Locke.
Chi*can"er*y (?), n. [F.
chicanerie.] Mean or unfair artifice to perplex a
cause and obscure the truth; stratagem; sharp practice;
sophistry.
Irritated by perpetual chicanery.
Hallam.
Syn. -- Trickery; sophistry; stratagem.
Chic"co*ry (?), n. See
Chicory.
Chich (?), n.; pl.
Chiches (&?;). [F. chiche, pois
chiche, a dwarf pea, from L. cicer the chick-pea.]
(Bot.) The chick-pea.
||Chi"cha (?), n. [Sp.] See
Chica.
||Chiche"vache` (?), n. [F.
chiche lean + vache cow.] A fabulous cow of
enormous size, whose food was patient wives, and which was
therefore in very lean condition.
{ Chich"ling (?), Chich"ling vetch` (?), }
n. [Chich + -ling.] (Bot.)
A leguminous plant (Lathyrus sativus), with broad
flattened seeds which are sometimes used for food.
Chick (ch&ibreve;k), v. i. [OE.
chykkyn, chyke, chicken.] To sprout, as
seed in the ground; to vegetate. Chalmers.
Chick, n. 1. A
chicken.
2. A child or young person; -- a term of
endearment. Shak.
Chick"a*bid`dy (?), n. A
chicken; a fowl; also, a trivial term of endearment for a
child.
Chick"a*dee` (?), n.
(Zoöl.) A small bird, the blackcap titmouse
(Parus atricapillus), of North America; -- named from its
note.
Chick"a*ree` (?), n.
(Zoöl.) The American red squirrel (Sciurus
Hudsonius); -- so called from its cry.
Chick"a*saws (?), n. pl.;
sing. Chickasaw. (Ethnol.)
A tribe of North American Indians (Southern Appalachian)
allied to the Choctaws. They formerly occupied the northern part
of Alabama and Mississippi, but now live in the Indian
Territory.
Chick"en (?), n. [AS. cicen,
cyceun, dim. of coc cock; akin to LG. kiken,
küken, D. Kieken, kuiken, G.
küchkein. See Cock the animal.]
1. A young bird or fowl, esp. a young
barnyard fowl.
2. A young person; a child; esp. a young
woman; a maiden. "Stella is no chicken."
Swift.
Chicken cholera, a contagious disease of
fowls; -- so called because first studied during the prevalence
of a cholera epidemic in France. It has no resemblance to true
cholera.
Chick"en-breast`ed (?), a.
Having a narrow, projecting chest, caused by forward
curvature of the vertebral column.
Chick"en-heart`ed (?), a.
Timid; fearful; cowardly. Bunyan.
Chick"en pox" (?). (Med.) A mild,
eruptive disease, generally attacking children only;
varicella.
Chick"ling (ch&ibreve;k"l&ibreve;ng),
n. [Chick + -ling.] A small
chick or chicken.
Chick"-pea` (-pē`), n. [See
Chich.] 1. (Bot.) A Small
leguminous plant (Cicer arietinum) of Asia, Africa, and
the south of Europe; the chich; the dwarf pea; the
gram.
2. Its nutritious seed, used in cookery,
and especially, when roasted (parched pulse), as food for
travelers in the Eastern deserts.
Chick"weed` (-wēd`), n.
(Bot.) The name of several caryophyllaceous weeds,
especially Stellaria media, the seeds and flower buds of
which are a favorite food of small birds.
Chick"y (ch&ibreve;k"&ybreve;), n.
A chicken; -- used as a diminutive or pet name, especially
in calling fowls.
Chic"o*ry (?), n. [F.
chicorée, earlier also cichorée, L.
cichorium, fr. Gr. &?;, &?;, Cf.
Succory.] 1. (Bot.) A
branching perennial plant (Cichorium Intybus) with bright
blue flowers, growing wild in Europe, Asia, and America; also
cultivated for its roots and as a salad plant; succory; wild
endive. See Endive.
2. The root, which is roasted for mixing
with coffee.
Chide (chīd), v. t.
[imp. Chid (ch&ibreve;d), or
Chode (chīd Obs.); p. p.
Chidden (?), Chid; p. pr. & vb.
n. Chiding.] [AS. cīdan; of unknown
origin.] 1. To rebuke; to reprove; to scold;
to find fault with.
Upbraided, chid, and rated at.
Shak.
2. Fig.: To be noisy about; to chafe
against.
The sea that chides the banks of
England.
Shak.
To chide hither, chide from, or
chide away, to cause to come, or to drive away, by
scolding or reproof.
Syn. -- To blame; rebuke; reprove; scold; censure;
reproach; reprehend; reprimand.
Chide, v. i. 1.
To utter words of disapprobation and displeasure; to find
fault; to contend angrily.
Wherefore the people did chide with
Moses.
Ex. xvii. 2.
2. To make a clamorous noise; to
chafe.
As doth a rock againts the chiding
flood.
Shak.
Chide, n. [AS. cīd]
A continuous noise or murmur.
The chide of streams.
Thomson.
Chid"er (?), n. One who chides
or quarrels. Shak.
Chid"er*ess, n. She who
chides. [Obs.]
Chide"ster (?), n. [Chide +
-ster.] A female scold. [Obs.]
Chid"ing*ly (?), adv. In a
chiding or reproving manner.
Chief (chēn), n. [OE.
chief, chef, OF. chief, F. chef, fr. L.
caput head, possibly akin to E. head. Cf.
Captain, Chapter] 1. The head
or leader of any body of men; a commander, as of an army; a head
man, as of a tribe, clan, or family; a person in authority who
directs the work of others; the principal actor or
agent.
2. The principal part; the most valuable
portion.
The chief of the things which should be
utterly destroyed.
1 Sam. xv. 21
3. (Her.) The upper third part of
the field. It is supposed to be composed of the dexter, sinister,
and middle chiefs.
In chief. (a) At the
head; as, a commander in chief. (b)
(Eng. Law) From the king, or sovereign; as, tenure
in chief, tenure directly from the king.
Syn. -- Chieftain; captain; general; commander; leader;
head; principal; sachem; sagamore; sheik. -- Chief,
chieftain, Commander, Leader. These words
fluctuate somewhat in their meaning according to circumstances,
but agree in the general idea of rule and authority. The term
chief is now more usually applied to one who is a head
man, leader, or commander in civil or military affairs, or holds
a hereditary or acquired rank in a tribe or clan; as, the
chief of police; the chief of an Indian tribe. A
chieftain is the chief of a clan or tribe , or a military
leader. A commander directs the movements of or has
control over a body of men, as a military or naval force. A
leader is one whom men follow, as in a political party, a
legislative body, a military or scientific expedition, etc., one
who takes the command and gives direction in particular
enterprises.
Chief, a. 1.
Highest in office or rank; principal; head.
"Chief rulers." John. xii. 42.
2. Principal or most eminent in any
quality or action; most distinguished; having most influence;
taking the lead; most important; as, the chief topic of
conversation; the chief interest of man.
3. Very intimate, near, or close.
[Obs.]
A whisperer separateth chief friends.
Prov. xvi. 28.
Syn. -- Principal; head; leading; main; paramount;
supreme; prime; vital; especial; great; grand; eminent;
master.
Chief"age (-&asl;j), n. [OF.
chevage, fr. chief head. See Chief.] A
tribute by the head; a capitation tax. [Written also
chevage and chivage.] [Obs.]
Chief" bar"on (?). (Eng. Law) The
presiding judge of the court of exchequer.
Chief"est, a. [Superl. of
Chief.] First or foremost; chief; principal.
[Archaic] "Our chiefest courtier." Shak.
The chiefest among ten thousand.
Canticles v. 10.
Chief" hare` (?). (Zoöl.) A small
rodent (Lagamys princeps) inhabiting the summits of the
Rocky Mountains; -- also called crying hare, calling
hare, cony, American pika, and little chief
hare.
&fist; It is not a true hare or rabbit, but belongs to the
curious family Lagomyidæ.
Chief" jus"tice (?). The presiding justice, or
principal judge, of a court.
Lord Chief Justice of England, The
presiding judge of the Queen's Bench Division of the High Court
of Justice. The highest judicial officer of the realm is the Lord
High Chancellor. -- Chief Justice of the United
States, the presiding judge of the Supreme Court,
and Highest judicial officer of the republic.
Chief"-jus"tice*ship, n. The
office of chief justice.
Jay selected the chief-justiceship as most
in accordance with his tastes.
The Century.
Chief"less (?), a. Without a
chief or leader.
Chief"ly (?), adv.
1. In the first place; principally;
preëminently; above; especially.
Search through this garden; leave unsearched no
nook;
But chiefly where those two fair creatures lodge.
Milton.
2. For the most part; mostly.
Those parts of the kingdom where the . . . estates
of the dissenters chiefly lay.
Swift.
Chief"rie (?), n. A small rent
paid to the lord paramount. [Obs.] Swift.
Chief"tain (?), n. [OE.
cheftayn, chevetayn, OF. chevetain, F.
capitaine, LL. capitanus, fr. L. caput head.
Cf. Captain, and see chief.] A captain,
leader, or commander; a chief; the head of a troop, army, or
clan.
Syn. -- Chief; commander; leader; head. See
Chief.
{ Chief"tain*cy (?), Chief"tain*ship, }
n. The rank, dignity, or office of a
chieftain.
Chier"te (?), n. [OF.
cherté. See Charity.] Love; tender
regard. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Chiev"ance (?), n. [OF.
chevance property, equiv. To chevisance, fr.
chevir to accomplish. See Chevisance.] An
unlawful bargain; traffic in which money is exported as
discount. [Obs.] Bacon.
Chieve (?), v. i. See
Cheve, v. i. [Obs.]
Chiff"-chaff (&?;), n. [So called
from its note.] (Zoöl.) A species of European
warbler (Sylvia hippolais); -- called also chip-
chap, and pettychaps.
{ Chif`fo*nier" (?), fem.
Chif`fo*nière" (?), } n. [F.
chiffonnier, fem. chiffonnière, fr.
chiffon rag, fr. chiffe a rag, flimsy cloth.]
1. One who gathers rags and odds and ends; a
ragpicker.
2. A receptacle for rags or
shreds.
3. A movable and ornamental closet or
piece of furniture with shelves or drawers. G.
Eliot.
||Chi"gnon (&?;), n. [F., prop.
equiv. to chaînon link, fr. chaîne
chain, fr. L. catena Cf. Chain.] A knot, boss,
or mass of hair, natural or artificial, worn by a woman at the
back of the head.
A curl that had strayed from her
chignon.
H. James.
{ Chig"oe (?), Chig"re (?), }
n. [Cf. F. chigue, perh. fr. Catalan
chic small, Sp. chico; or of Peruvian origin.]
(Zoöl.) A species of flea (Pulex
penetrans), common in the West Indies and South America,
which often attacks the feet or any exposed part of the human
body, and burrowing beneath the skin produces great irritation.
When the female is allowed to remain and breed, troublesome sores
result, which are sometimes dangerous. See Jigger.
[Written also chegre, chegoe, chique,
chigger, jigger.]
&fist; The name is sometimes erroneously given to certain
mites or ticks having similar habits.
||Chi*ka"ra (&?;), n. [Hind.]
(Zoöl.) (a) The goat antelope
(Tragops Bennettii) of India. (b)
The Indian four-horned antelope (Tetraceros
quadricornis).
Chil"blain` (?), n. [Chill +
Blain.] A blain, sore, or inflammatory swelling,
produced by exposure of the feet or hands to cold, and attended
by itching, pain, and sometimes ulceration.
Chil"blain`, v. t. To produce
chilblains upon.
Child (chīld), n.; pl.
Children (ch&ibreve;l"dr&ebreve;n). [AS.
cild, pl. cildru; cf. Goth. kilþei
womb, in-kilþō with child.] 1.
A son or a daughter; a male or female descendant, in the
first degree; the immediate progeny of human parents; -- in
law, legitimate offspring. Used also of animals and
plants.
2. A descendant, however remote; -- used
esp. in the plural; as, the children of Israel; the
children of Edom.
3. One who, by character of practice,
shows signs of relationship to, or of the influence of, another;
one closely connected with a place, occupation, character, etc.;
as, a child of God; a child of the devil; a
child of disobedience; a child of toil; a
child of the people.
4. A noble youth. See
Childe. [Obs.] Chaucer.
5. A young person of either sex. esp. one
between infancy and youth; hence, one who exhibits the
characteristics of a very young person, as innocence, obedience,
trustfulness, limited understanding, etc.
When I was child. I spake as a
child, I understood as a child, I thought as a
child; but when I became a man, I put away childish
things.
1. Cor. xii. 11.
6. A female infant. [Obs.]
A boy or a child, I wonder?
Shak.
To be with child, to be pregnant. -
- Child's play, light work; a trifling
contest.
Child, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Childed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Childing.] To give birth; to produce young.
This queen Genissa childing died.
Warner.
It chanced within two days they childed
both.
Latimer.
Child"bear`ing (?), n. The act
of producing or bringing forth children; parturition.
Milton. Addison.
Child"bed (?), n. The state of
a woman bringing forth a child, or being in labor;
parturition.
Child"birth (?), n. The act of
bringing forth a child; travail; labor. Jer.
Taylor.
Child"crow`ing (?), n.
(Med.) The crowing noise made by children affected
with spasm of the laryngeal muscles; false croup.
Childe (?), n. A cognomen
formerly prefixed to his name by the oldest son, until he
succeeded to his ancestral titles, or was knighted; as,
Childe Roland.
Child"ed (?), a. Furnished
with a child. [Obs.]
Chil"dermas day` (?). [AS. cildamæsse-
dæg; cild child +dæg day.]
(Eccl.) A day (December 28) observed by mass or
festival in commemoration of the children slain by Herod at
Bethlehem; -- called also Holy Innocent's Day.
Child"hood (chīld"h&oocr;d),
n. [AS. cildhād; cild child
+ -hād. See Child, and -hood.]
1. The state of being a child; the time in
which persons are children; the condition or time from infancy to
puberty.
I have walked before you from my
childhood.
1. Sam. xii. 2.
2. Children, taken collectively.
[R.]
The well-governed childhood of this
realm.
Sir. W. Scott.
3. The commencement; the first
period.
The childhood of our joy.
Shak.
Second childhood, the state of being
feeble and incapable from old age.
Child"ing (?), a. [See
Child, v. i.] Bearing Children;
(Fig.) productive; fruitful. [R.] Shak.
Child"ish, a. 1.
Of, pertaining to, befitting, or resembling, a child.
"Childish innocence." Macaulay.
2. Puerile; trifling; weak.
Methinks that simplicity in her countenance is
rather childish than innocent.
Addison.
&fist; Childish, as applied to persons who are grown
up, is in a disparaging sense; as, a childish temper.
Child"ish*ly, adv. In the
manner of a child; in a trifling way; in a weak or foolish
manner.
Child"ish*ness, n. The state
or quality of being childish; simplicity; harmlessness; weakness
of intellect.
Child"less*ness, n. The state
of being childless.
Child"like (?), a. Resembling
a child, or that which belongs to children; becoming a child;
meek; submissive; dutiful. "Childlike obedience."
Hooker.
&fist; Childlike, as applied to persons grown up, is
commonly in a good sense; as, childlike grace or
simplicity; childlike modesty.
Child"ly, a. Having the
character of a child; belonging, or appropriate, to a
child. Gower.
Child"ly, adv. Like a
child. Mrs. Browning.
Child"ness, n. The manner
characteristic of a child. [Obs.] "Varying
childness." Shak.
Chil"dren (?), n.; pl.
of Child.
Child"ship, n. The state or
relation of being a child.
Chil"i (?), n. [Sp. chili,
chile.] A kind of red pepper. See
Capsicum [Written also chilli and
chile.]
Chil"i*ad (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;,
fr. &?; a thousand.] A thousand; the aggregate of a thousand
things; especially, a period of a thousand years.
The world, then in the seventh chiliad,
will be assumed up unto God.
Sir. T. More.
Chil"i*a*gon (?), n. [Gr. &?;; &?;
a thousand + &?; angle.] A plane figure of a thousand angles
and sides. Barlow.
Chil"i*a*hedron (?), n. [Gr. &?; a
thousand + &?; base, fr. &?; to sit.] A figure bounded by a
thousand plane surfaces [Spelt also
chiliaëdron.]
Chil"i*an (?), a. Of or
pertaining to Chili. -- n. A native
or citizen of Chili.
{ Chil"i*an (?), Chil"i*arch` (?), }
n. [Gr. &?;, &?;; &?; a thousand + &?; leader,
&?; to lead.] The commander or chief of a thousand
men.
Chil"i*arch`y (?), n. [Gr. &?;.]
A body consisting of a thousand men.
Mitford.
Chil"i*asm (?), n. [Gr. &?;, fr.
&?;. See Chiliad.] 1. The
millennium.
2. The doctrine of the personal reign of
Christ on earth during the millennium.
Chil"i*ast (?), n. [Gr. &?;. See
Chiliasm.] One who believes in the second coming of
Christ to reign on earth a thousand years; a
millenarian.
Chili*astic (?), a.
Millenarian. "The obstruction offered by the
chiliastic errors." J. A. Alexander.
Chill (ch&ibreve;l), n. [AS.
cele, cyle, from the same root as celan,
calan, to be cold; akin to D. kil cold, coldness,
Sw. kyla to chill, and E. cool. See Cold,
and cf. Cool.]
1. A moderate but disagreeable degree of
cold; a disagreeable sensation of coolness, accompanied with
shivering. "[A] wintry chill." W.
Irving.
2. (Med.) A sensation of cold with
convulsive shaking of the body, pinched face, pale skin, and blue
lips, caused by undue cooling of the body or by nervous
excitement, or forming the precursor of some constitutional
disturbance, as of a fever.
3. A check to enthusiasm or warmth of
feeling; discouragement; as, a chill comes over an
assembly.
4. An iron mold or portion of a mold,
serving to cool rapidly, and so to harden, the surface of molten
iron brought in contact with it. Raymond.
5. The hardened part of a casting, as the
tread of a car wheel. Knight.
Chill and fever, fever and
ague.
Chill, a. 1.
Moderately cold; tending to cause shivering; chilly;
raw.
Noisome winds, and blasting vapors
chill.
Milton.
2. Affected by cold. "My veins are
chill." Shak.
3. Characterized by coolness of manner,
feeling, etc.; lacking enthusiasm or warmth; formal; distant; as,
a chill reception.
4. Discouraging; depressing;
dispiriting.
Chill, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Chilled (ch&ibreve;ld); p. pr. & vb.
n. Chilling.] 1. To strike
with a chill; to make chilly; to cause to shiver; to affect with
cold.
When winter chilled the day.
Goldsmith.
2. To check enthusiasm or warmth of
feeling of; to depress; to discourage.
Every thought on God chills the gayety of
his spirits.
Rogers.
3. (Metal.) To produce, by sudden
cooling, a change of crystallization at or near the surface of,
so as to increase the hardness; said of cast iron.
Chill, v. i. (Metal.)
To become surface-hardened by sudden cooling while
solidifying; as, some kinds of cast iron chill to a
greater depth than others.
Chilled (?), a. 1.
Hardened on the surface or edge by chilling; as,
chilled iron; a chilled wheel.
2. (Paint.) Having that cloudiness
or dimness of surface that is called "blooming."
Chil"li (?), n. See
Chili.
Chill"i*ness (?), n.
1. A state or sensation of being chilly; a
disagreeable sensation of coldness.
2. A moderate degree of coldness;
disagreeable coldness or rawness; as, the chilliness of
the air.
3. Formality; lack of warmth.
Chill"ing (?), a. Making
chilly or cold; depressing; discouraging; cold; distant; as, a
chilling breeze; a chilling manner.
-- Chill"ing"ly, adv.
Chill"ness, n. Coolness;
coldness; a chill.
Death is the chillness that precedes the
dawn.
Longfellow.
Chill"y (?), a. Moderately
cold; cold and raw or damp so as to cause shivering; causing or
feeling a disagreeable sensation of cold, or a
shivering.
Chi"log*nath (?), n.
(Zoöl.) A myriapod of the order
Chilognatha.
||Chi*log"na*tha (?), n. pl. [NL.,
fr. Gr. &?; lip + gna`qos Jaw.] (Zoöl.)
One of the two principal orders of myriapods. They have
numerous segments, each bearing two pairs of small, slender legs,
which are attached ventrally, near together.
Chi*lo"ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;
lip, fr. &?; lip. See -oma.] (Zoöl.) The
tumid upper lip of certain mammals, as of a camel.
Chi"lo*pod (?), n.
(Zoöl.) A myriapod of the order
Chilopoda.
||Chi*lop"o*da (?), n. pl. [NL.,
fr. Gr. &?; lip + -poda.] (Zoöl.) One of
the orders of myriapods, including the centipeds. They have a
single pair of elongated legs attached laterally to each segment;
well developed jaws; and a pair of thoracic legs converted into
poison fangs. They are insectivorous, very active, and some
species grow to the length of a foot.
{ ||Chi*los"to*ma (?), Chi*lo*stom"a*ta (?),
} n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; + &?;, &?;, outh.]
(Zoöl.) An extensive suborder of marine Bryozoa,
mostly with calcareous shells. They have a movable lip and a lid
to close the aperture of the cells. [Also written
Chillostomata.]
Chi`lo*stoma*tous (?), a.
(Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to the
Chilostoma.
Chiltern Hundreds (?). [AS. Chiltern
the Chiltern, high hills in Buckinghamshire, perh. Fr.
ceald cold + ern, ærn, place.] A
tract of crown land in Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire, England,
to which is attached the nominal office of steward. As members of
Parliament cannot resign, when they wish to go out they accept
this stewardship, which legally vacates their seats.
||Chi*mæ"ra (?), n. [NL. See
Chimera.] (Zoöl.) A cartilaginous fish of
several species, belonging to the order Holocephali. The teeth
are few and large. The head is furnished with appendages, and the
tail terminates in a point.
Chi*mæ"roid (?), a.
[Chimæra + old.] (Zoöl.)
Related to, or like, the chimæra.
Chi*man"go [Native name] (Zoöl.) A
south American carrion buzzard (Milvago chimango). See
Caracara.
Chimb (chīm), n. [AS.
cim, in cimstān base of a pillar; akin to D.
kim, f. Sw. kim., G. kimme f.] The edge
of a cask, etc; a chine. See Chine, n.,
3. [Written also chime.]
Chimb, v. i. Chime.
[Obs.] Chaucer.
Chime (chīm), n. [See
Chimb.] See Chine, n.,
3.
Chime (chīm), n. [OE.
chimbe, prop., cymbal, OF. cymbe, cymble, in
a dialectic form, chymble, F. cymbale, L.
cymbalum, fr. Gr. ky`mbalon. See
Cymbal.] 1. The harmonious sound of
bells, or of musical instruments.
Instruments that made melodius chime.
Milton.
2. A set of bells musically tuned to each
other; specif., in the pl., the music performed
on such a set of bells by hand, or produced by mechanism to
accompany the striking of the hours or their divisions.
We have heard the chimes at midnight.
Shak.
3. Pleasing correspondence of proportion,
relation, or sound. "Chimes of verse."
Cowley.
Chime, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Chimed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Chiming.] [See Chime, n.]
1. To sound in harmonious accord, as
bells.
2. To be in harmony; to agree; to suit;
to harmonize; to correspond; to fall in with.
Everything chimed in with such a humor.
W. irving.
3. To join in a conversation; to express
assent; -- followed by in or in with.
[Colloq.]
4. To make a rude correspondence of
sounds; to jingle, as in rhyming. Cowley
Chime (?), v. i. 1.
To cause to sound in harmony; to play a tune, as upon a set
of bells; to move or strike in harmony.
And chime their sounding hammers.
Dryden.
2. To utter harmoniously; to recite
rhythmically.
Chime his childish verse.
Byron.
Chim"er (?), n. One who
chimes.
Chime"ra (?), n.; pl.
Chimeras (#). [L. chimaera a chimera (in
sense 1), Gr. &?; a she-goat, a chimera, fr. &?; he-goat; cf.
Icel. qymbr a yearling ewe.] 1.
(Myth.) A monster represented as vomiting flames, and
as having the head of a lion, the body of a goat, and the tail of
a dragon. "Dire chimeras and enchanted isles."
Milton.
2. A vain, foolish, or incongruous fancy,
or creature of the imagination; as, the chimera of an
author. Burke.
Chi*mere" (?), n. [OF.
chamarre., F. simarre (cf. It. zimarra), fr.
Sp. chamarra, zamarra, a coat made of sheepskins, a
sheepskin, perh. from Ar. sammūr the Scythian weasel
or marten, the sable. Cf. Simarre.] The upper robe
worn by a bishop, to which lawn sleeves are usually
attached. Hook.
Chi*mer"ic (?), a.
Chimerical.
Chi*mer"ic*al (?), a. Merely
imaginary; fanciful; fantastic; wildly or vainly conceived;
having, or capable of having, no existence except in thought; as,
chimerical projects.
Syn. -- Imaginary; fanciful; fantastic; wild;
unfounded; vain; deceitful; delusive.
Chi*mer"ic*al*ly, adv. Wildy;
vainly; fancifully.
Chim"i*nage (?), n. [OF.
cheminage, fr. chemin way, road.] (Old Law)
A toll for passage through a forest. [Obs.]
Cowell.
Chim"ney, n.; pl.
Chimneys (#). [F. cheminée, LL.
caminata, fr. L. caminus furnace, fireplace, Gr.
&?; furnace, oven.] 1. A fireplace or
hearth. [Obs.] Sir W. Raleigh.
2. That part of a building which contains
the smoke flues; esp. an upright tube or flue of brick or stone,
in most cases extending through or above the roof of the
building. Often used instead of chimney shaft.
Hard by a cottage chimney smokes.
Milton.
3. A tube usually of glass, placed around
a flame, as of a lamp, to create a draft, and promote
combustion.
4. (Min.) A body of ore, usually
of elongated form, extending downward in a vein.
Raymond.
Chimney board, a board or screen used to
close a fireplace; a fireboard. -- Chimney
cap, a device to improve the draught of a chimney,
by presenting an exit aperture always to leeward. --
Chimney corner, the space between the sides
of the fireplace and the fire; hence, the fireside. --
Chimney hook, a hook for holding pats and
kettles over a fire, -- Chimney money,
hearth money, a duty formerly paid in England for each
chimney. -- Chimney pot (Arch.),
a cylinder of earthenware or sheet metal placed at the top of
a chimney which rises above the roof. -- Chimney
swallow. (Zoöl.) (a) An
American swift (Chæture pelasgica) which lives in
chimneys. (b) In England, the common
swallow (Hirundo rustica). -- Chimney
sweep, Chimney sweeper, one who
cleans chimneys of soot; esp. a boy who climbs the flue, and
brushes off the soot.
Chim"ney-breast` (?), n.
(Arch.) The horizontal projection of a chimney from
the wall in which it is built; -- commonly applied to its
projection in the inside of a building only.
Chim"ney-piece` (?), n.
(Arch.) A decorative construction around the opening
of a fireplace.
Chim*pan"zee (ch&ibreve;m*păn"z&esl;; 277),
n. [From the native name: cf. F.
chimpanzé, chimpansé,
chimpanzée.] (Zoöl.) An african
ape (Anthropithecus troglodytes or Troglodytes
niger) which approaches more nearly to man, in most respects,
than any other ape. When full grown, it is from three to four
feet high.
Chin (ch&ibreve;n), n. [AS.
cin, akin to OS. kin, G kinn, Icel.
kinn, cheek, Dan. & Sw. kind, L. gena, Gr.
&?;; cf. Skr. hanu. √232.] 1.
The lower extremity of the face below the mouth; the point
of the under jaw.
2. (Zoöl.) The exterior or
under surface embraced between the branches of the lower jaw
bone, in birds.
Chi"na (?), n. 1.
A country in Eastern Asia.
2. China ware, which is the modern
popular term for porcelain. See Porcelain.
China aster (Bot.), a well-known
garden flower and plant. See Aster. -- China
bean. See under Bean, 1. --
China clay See Kaolin. --
China grass, Same as Ramie. --
China ink. See India ink. --
China pink (Bot.), an anual or
biennial species of Dianthus (D. Chiensis) having
variously colored single or double flowers; Indian pink. --
China root (Med.), the rootstock of
a species of Smilax (S. China, from the East
Indies; -- formerly much esteemed for the purposes that
sarsaparilla is now used for. Also the galanga root (from
Alpinia Gallanga and Alpinia officinarum). --
China rose. (Bot.) (a)
A popular name for several free-blooming varieties of rose
derived from the Rosa Indica, and perhaps other
species. (b) A flowering hothouse plant
(Hibiscus Rosa-Sinensis) of the Mallow family, common in
the gardens of China and the east Indies. -- China
shop, a shop or store for the sale of China ware or
of crockery. -- China ware, porcelain;
-- so called in the 17th century because brought from the far
East, and differing from the pottery made in Europe at that time;
also, loosely, crockery in general. -- Pride of
China, China tree. (Bot.)
See Azedarach.
Chin*al"dine (?), n. [NL.
chinium quinine + aldehyde.] (Chem.)
See Quinaldine.
Chi"na*man (?), n.; pl.
Chinamen (&?;). A native of China; a
Chinese.
Chin"ca*pin (?), n. See
Chinquapin.
Chinch (?), n. [Cf. Sp.
chinche, fr. L. cimex.] 1.
(Zoöl.) The bedbug (Cimex
lectularius).
2. (Zoöl.) A bug (Blissus
leucopterus), which, in the United States, is very
destructive to grass, wheat, and other grains; -- also called
chiniz, chinch bug, chink bug. It resembles
the bedbug in its disgusting odor.
Chin"cha (?), n. [Cf.
Chinchilla.] (Zoöl.) A south American
rodent of the genus Lagotis.
Chinche (?), a. [F. chiche
miserly.] Parsimonious; niggardly. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Chinch"er*ie (?), n.
Penuriousness. [Obs.]
By cause of his skarsete and
chincherie.
Caucer.
Chin*chil"la (?), n. [Sp.]
1. (Zoöl.) A small rodent
(Chinchilla lanigera), of the size of a large squirrel,
remarkable for its fine fur, which is very soft and of a pearly
gray color. It is a native of Peru and Chili.
2. The fur of the chinchilla.
3. A heavy, long-napped, tufted woolen
cloth.
{ Chin*cho"na (?), Chin*co"na (?). }See
Cinchona.
Chin" cough" (?). [For chink cough; cf. As.
cincung long laughter, Scot. kink a violent fit of
coughing, akin to MHG. kīchen to pant. Cf.
Kinknaust, Cough.] Whooping cough.
Chine (?), n. [Cf. Chink.]
A chink or cleft; a narrow and deep ravine; as, Shanklin
Chine in the Isle of Wight, a quarter of a mile long and
230 feet deep. [Prov. Eng.] "The cottage in a
chine." J. Ingelow.
Chine (?), n.[OF. eschine,
F. échine, fr. OHG. skina needle, prickle,
shin, G. schiene splint, schienbein shin. For the
meaning cf. L. spina thorn, prickle, or spine, the
backbone. Cf. Shin.] 1. The backbone
or spine of an animal; the back. "And chine with
rising bristles roughly spread." Dryden.
2. A piece of the backbone of an animal,
with the adjoining parts, cut for cooking. [See Illust. of
Beef.]
3. The edge or rim of a cask, etc.,
formed by the projecting ends of the staves; the chamfered end of
a stave.
Chine, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Chined (?).] 1. To cut
through the backbone of; to cut into chine pieces.
2. Too chamfer the ends of a stave and
form the chine..
Chined (?), a. 1.
Pertaining to, or having, a chine, or backbone; -- used in
composition. Beau. & Fl.
2. Broken in the back. [Obs.]
He's chined, goodman.
Beau. & Fl.
Chi"nese" (?), a. Of or
pertaining to China; peculiar to China.
Chinese paper. See India paper,
under India. -- Chinese wax, a
snowy-white, waxlike substance brought from China. It is the
bleached secretion of certain insects of the family
Coccidæ especially Coccus Sinensis.
Chi*nese", n. sing. & pl.
1. A native or natives of China, or one of
that yellow race with oblique eyelids who live principally in
China.
2. sing. The language of China,
which is monosyllabic.
&fist; Chineses was used as a plural by the
contemporaries of Shakespeare and Milton.
Chink (ch&ibreve;&nsm;k), n. [OE.
chine, AS. cīne fissure, chink, fr.
cīnan to gape; akin to Goth. Keinan to
sprout, G. keimen. Cf. Chit.] A small cleft,
rent, or fissure, of greater length than breadth; a gap or crack;
as, the chinks of a wall.
Through one cloudless chink, in a black,
stormy sky.
Shines out the dewy morning star.
Macaulay.
Chink, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Chinked (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Chinking.] To crack; to open.
Chink, v. t. 1.
To cause to open in cracks or fissures.
2. To fill up the chinks of; as, to
chink a wall.
Chink, n. [Of imitative origin. Cf.
Jingle.] 1. A short, sharp sound, as
of metal struck with a slight degree of violence.
"Chink of bell." Cowper.
2. Money; cash. [Cant] "To leave
his chink to better hands." Somerville.
Chink, v. t. To cause to make
a sharp metallic sound, as coins, small pieces of metal, etc., by
bringing them into collision with each other.
Pope.
Chink, v. i. To make a slight,
sharp, metallic sound, as by the collision of little pieces of
money, or other small sonorous bodies.
Arbuthnot.
Chink"y (?), a. Full of chinks
or fissures; gaping; opening in narrow clefts.
Dryden.
Chinned (ch&ibreve;nd), a.
Having a chin; -- used chiefly in compounds; as, short-
chinned.
Chi*noid"ine (?), n. [NL.
chinium quinine (cf. G. & F. china Peruvian bark) +
--oil + -ine.] (Chem.) See
Quinodine.
Chin"o*line (?), n. [NL.
chinium quinine (see Chinoldine) + L. oleum
oil + -ine.] (Chem.) See
Quinoline.
Chi"none (?), n. [NL.
chinium quinine (see Chinoidine.) + -one.]
(Chem.) See Quinone.
Chi*nook" (?), n.
1. (Ethnol.) One of a tribe of North
American Indians now living in the state of Washington, noted for
the custom of flattening their skulls. Chinooks also called
Flathead Indians.
2. A warm westerly wind from the country
of the Chinooks, sometimes experienced on the slope of the Rocky
Mountains, in Montana and the adjacent territory.
3. A jargon of words from various
languages (the largest proportion of which is from that of the
Chinooks) generally understood by all the Indian tribes of the
northwestern territories of the United States.
Chin"qua*pin (?), n. (Bot.)
A branching, nut-bearing tree or shrub (Castanea
pumila) of North America, from six to twenty feet high,
allied to the chestnut. Also, its small, sweet, edible nat.
[Written also chincapin and chinkapin.]
Chinquapin oak, a small shrubby oak
(Quercus prinoides) of the Atlantic States, with edible
acorns. -- Western Chinquapin, an
evergreen shrub or tree (Castanopes chrysophylla) of the
Pacific coast. In California it is a shrub; in Oregon a tree 30
to 125 feet high.
Chinse (?), v. t. & i.
[imp. & p. p. Chinsed (?); p.
pr. & vb. n. Chinsing.] (Naut.) To
thrust oakum into (seams or chinks) with a chisel , the point of
a knife, or a chinsing iron; to calk slightly.
Chinsing iron, a light calking
iron.
Chintz (?), n.; pl.
Chintzes (#). [Hindi chīnt spotted
cotton clooth, chīntā spot.] Cotton
cloth, printed with flowers and other devices, in a number of
different colors, and often glazed. Swift.
Chiop*pine" (?), n. Same as
Chopine, n.
Chip (ch&ibreve;p), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Chipped (ch&ibreve;pt);
p. pr. & vb. n. Chipping.] [Cf. G.
kippen to cut off the edge, to clip, pare. Cf. Chop
to cut.] 1. To cut small pieces from; to
diminish or reduce to shape, by cutting away a little at a time;
to hew. Shak.
2. To break or crack, or crack off a
portion of, as of an eggshell in hatching, or a piece of
crockery.
3. To bet, as with chips in the game of
poker.
To chip in, to contribute, as to a fund;
to share in the risks or expenses of. [Slang. U. S.]
Chip, v. i. To break or fly
off in small pieces.
Chip, n. 1. A
piece of wood, stone, or other substance, separated by an ax,
chisel, or cutting instrument.
2. A fragment or piece broken off; a
small piece.
3. Wood or Cuban palm leaf split into
slips, or straw plaited in a special manner, for making hats or
bonnets.
4. Anything dried up, withered, or
without flavor; -- used contemptuously.
5. One of the counters used in poker and
other games.
6. (Naut.) The triangular piece of
wood attached to the log line.
Buffalo chips. See under
Buffalo. -- Chip ax, a small ax
for chipping timber into shape. -- Chip
bonnet, Chip hat, a bonnet or a
hat made of Chip. See Chip, n., 3.
-- A chip off the old block, a child who
resembles either of his parents. [Colloq.] Milton. --
Potato chips, Saratoga chips,
thin slices of raw potato fried crisp.
Chip"munk` (?), n. [Indian name.]
(Zoöl.) A squirrel-like animal of the genus
Tamias, sometimes called the striped squirrel,
chipping squirrel, ground squirrel, hackee.
The common species of the United States is the Tamias
striatus. [Written also chipmonk,
chipmuck, and chipmuk.]
Chip"per (?), v. i. [Cf.
Cheep, Chirp.] To chirp or chirrup.
[Prov. Eng.] Forby.
Chip"per, a. Lively; cheerful;
talkative. [U. S.]
Chip"pe*ways (?), n. pl.;
sing. Chippeway. (Ethnol.)
A tribe of Indians formerly inhabiting the northern and
western shores of Lake Superior; -- called also
Objibways.
Chip"ping (?), n.
1. A chip; a piece separated by a cutting or
graving instrument; a fragment.
2. The act or process of cutting or
breaking off small pieces, as in dressing iron with a chisel, or
reducing a timber or block of stone to shape.
3. The breaking off in small pieces of
the edges of potter's ware, porcelain, etc.
Chip"ping bird` (?). (Zoöl.) The
chippy.
Chip"ping squir"rel (?). See
Chipmunk.
Chip"py (?), a. Abounding in,
or resembling, chips; dry and tasteless.
Chip"py (?), n. (Zoöl.)
A small American sparrow (Spizella socialis), very
common near dwelling; -- also called chipping bird and
chipping sparrow, from its simple note.
Chips (?), n. (Naut.) A
ship's carpenter. [Cant.]
||Chi*ra"gra (?), n. [L., fr. Gr.
&?;; &?; hand + &?; seizure.] (Med.) Gout in the
hand.
Chi*rag"ric*al (?), a. Having
the gout in the hand, or subject to that disease. Sir.
T. Browne.
||Chi*ret"ta (?), n. [Hind.
chirāītā.] A plant (Agathotes
Chirayta) found in Northern India, having medicinal
properties to the gentian, and esteemed as a tonic and
febrifuge.
Chirk (?), v. i. [Cf. Chirp,
also Creak.] 1. To shriek; to gnash;
to utter harsh or shrill cries. [Obs.]
All full of chirkyng was that sorry
place.
Cheucer.
2. To chirp like a bird. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Chirk, v. t. To cheer; to
enliven; as, to chirk one up. [Colloq. New Eng.
]
Chirk, a. [From Chirk,
v. i.] Lively; cheerful; in good
spirits. [Colloq. New Eng.]
Chirm (?), v. i. [Cf. AS.
cyrman, cirman, to cry out. √24 Cf.
Chirp.] To chirp or to make a mournful cry, as a
bird. [Obs.] Huloet.
Chi*rog"no*my (?), n. [Gr.
chei`r hand + &?; understanding.] The art of
judging character by the shape and appearance of the
hand.
Chi"ro*graph (?), n. [Gr. &?;
written with the hand; chei`r hand +
gra`fein to write.] (Old. Law)
(a) A writing which, requiring a
counterpart, was engrossed twice on the same piece of parchment,
with a space between, in which was written the word
chirographum, through which the parchment was cut, and one
part given to each party. It answered to what is now called a
charter party. (b) The last
part of a fine of land, commonly called the foot of the
fine. Bouvier.
Chi*rog"ra*pher (?), n.
1. One who practice the art or business of
writing or engrossing.
2. See chirographist, 2.
Chirographer of fines (Old Eng. Law),
an officer in the court of common pleas, who engrossed
fines.
{ Chi`ro*graph"ic (?), Chi`ro*graph"ic*al
(?) } a. Of or pertaining to
chirography.
Chi*rog"ra*phist (?), n.
1. A chirographer; a writer or
engrosser.
2. One who tells fortunes by examining
the hand.
Chi*rog"ra*phy (?), n.
1. The art of writing or engrossing;
handwriting; as, skilled in chirography.
2. The art of telling fortunes by
examining the hand.
Chi`ro*gym"nast (?), n. [Gr.
chei`r hand + &?; trainer of athletes, gymnast.]
A mechanical contrivance for exercising the fingers of a
pianist.
Chi`ro*log"ic*al (?), a.
Relating to chirology.
Chi*rol"o*gist (?), n. One who
communicates thoughts by signs made with the hands and
fingers.
Chi*rol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr.
chei`r hand + -logy.] The art or practice
of using the manual alphabet or of communicating thoughts by
sings made by the hands and fingers; a substitute for spoken or
written language in intercourse with the deaf and dumb. See
Dactylalogy.
Chi"ro*man`cer (?), n. One who
practices chiromancy. Dryden.
Chi"ro*mancy (?), n. [Gr.
chei`r hand + -mancy.] The art or practice
of foretelling events, or of telling the fortunes or the
disposition of persons by inspecting the hand;
palmistry.
{ Chi"ro*man`ist (?), Chi"ro*man`tist (?) }
n. [Gr. &?;.] A chiromancer.
{ Chi`ro*man"tic (?), Chi`ro*man"tic*al (?)
} a. Of or pertaining to
chiromancy.
Chi`ro*mon"ic (?), a. Relating
to chironomy.
Chi*ron"o*my (?), n. [Gr. &?;;
chei`r hand + &?; to manage.] The art of moving
the hands in oratory or in pantomime; gesture [Obs.]
Chi"ro*plast (?), n. [Gr. &?;
formed by hand; chei`r hand + &?; to shape.]
(Mus.) An instrument to guid the hands and fingers of
pupils in playing on the piano, etc.
Chi*rop"o*dist (?), n. [Gr.
chei`r hand + &?;; &?;, foot.] One who treats
diseases of the hands and feet; especially, one who removes corns
and bunions.
Chirop"ody (?), n. The art of
treating diseases of the hands and feet.
Chiros"ophist (?), n. [Gr.
chei`r hand + &?; skillful, wise. See Sophist.]
A fortune teller.
Chirp (?), v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Chirped (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Chirping.] [Of imitative orgin. Cf.
Chirk, Chipper, Cheep, Chirm,
Chirrup.] To make a shop, sharp, cheerful, as of
small birds or crickets.
Chirp, n. A short, sharp note,
as of a bird or insect. "The chirp of flitting
bird." Bryant.
Chirp"er (?), n. One who
chirps, or is cheerful.
Chirp"ing (?), a. Cheering;
enlivening.
He takes his chirping pint, he cracks his
jokes.
Pope.
Chirp"ing*ly, adv. In a
chirping manner.
Chirre (?), v. i. [Cf. G.
girren, AS. corian to murmur, complain. √24.]
To coo, as a pigeon. [Obs.]
Chir"rup (?), v. t. [imp. &
p. p. Chirruped (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Chirruping.] [See Chirp.] To
quicken or animate by chirping; to cherup.
Chir"rup, v. i. To
chirp. Tennyson.
The criket chirrups on the hearth.
Goldsmith.
Chir"rup, n. The act of
chirping; a chirp.
The sparrows' chirrup on the roof.
Tennyson.
Chir"rupy (?), a. Cheerful;
joyous; chatty.
Chi*rur"geon (?), n. [F.
chirurgien, from chirurgie surgery, fr. Gr. &?;,
fr. &?; working or operating with the hand; chei`r
hand + &?; work. Cf. Surgeon, Work.] A
surgeon. [Obs.]
Chi*rur"geon*ly, adv.
Surgically. [Obs.] Shak.
Chi*rur"ger*y (?), n. [See
Chirurgeon, and cf. Surgery.] Surgery.
[Obs.]
{ Chi*rur"gic (?), Chirur"gical (?), }
a. [Cf. F. chirurgiquerurgical, L.
Chirurgicus, Gr. &?;. See Chirurgeon, and cf.
Surgical.] Surgical [Obs.] "Chirurgical
lore" Longfellow.
Chis"el (?), n. [OF. chisel,
F. ciseau, fr. LL. cisellus, prob. for
caesellus, fr. L. caesus, p. p. of caedere
to cut. Cf. Scissors.] A tool with a cutting edge on
one end of a metal blade, used in dressing, shaping, or working
in timber, stone, metal, etc.; -- usually driven by a mallet or
hammer.
Cold chisel. See under Cold,
a.
Chis"el, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Chiseled (?), or Chiselled (&?;);
p. pr. & vb. n. Chiseling, or
Chiselling.] [Cf. F. ciseler.] 1.
To cut, pare, gouge, or engrave with a chisel; as, to
chisel a block of marble into a statue.
2. To cut close, as in a bargain; to
cheat. [Slang]
Chis"leu (?), n. [Heb.] The
ninth month of the Jewish ecclesiastical year, answering to a
part of November with a part of December.
Chis"ley (ch&ibreve;z"l&ybreve;),
a. [AS. ceosel gravel or sand. Cf.
Chessom.] Having a large admixture of small pebbles
or gravel; -- said of a soil. Gardner.
Chit (ch&ibreve;t), n. [Cf. AS.
cīð shoot, sprig, from the same root as
cīnan to yawn. See Chink a cleft.]
1. The embryo or the growing bud of a plant;
a shoot; a sprout; as, the chits of Indian corn or of
potatoes.
2. A child or babe; as, a forward
chit; also, a young, small, or insignificant person or
animal.
A little chit of a woman.
Thackeray.
3. An excrescence on the body, as a
wart. [Obs.]
4. A small tool used in cleaving
laths. Knight.
Chit, v. i. To shoot out; to
sprout.
I have known barley chit in seven hours
after it had been thrown forth.
Mortimer.
Chit, 3d sing. of Chide.
Chideth. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Chit"chat (?), n. [From
Chat, by way of reduplication.] Familiar or trifling
talk; prattle.
Chi"tin (?), n. [See
Chiton.] (Chem.) A white amorphous horny
substance forming the harder part of the outer integument of
insects, crustacea, and various other invertebrates;
entomolin.
Chi`ti*ni*za"tion (?), n. The
process of becoming chitinous.
Chi"ti*nous (?), a. Having the
nature of chitin; consisting of, or containing, chitin.
||Chi"ton (?), n. [Gr. &?; a chiton
(in sense 1).] 1. An under garment among the
ancient Greeks, nearly representing the modern shirt.
2. (Zoöl.) One of a group of
gastropod mollusks, with a shell composed of eight movable dorsal
plates. See Polyplacophora.
Chit"ter (?), v. i. [Cf.
Chatter.] 1. To chirp in a tremulous
manner, as a bird. [Obs.] Chaucer.
2. To shiver or chatter with cold.
[Scot.] Burns.
Chit"ter*ling (?), n. The
frill to the breast of a shirt, which when ironed out resembled
the small entrails. See Chitterlings. [Obs.]
Gascoigne.
Chit"ter*lings (?), n. pl. [Cf. AS.
cwiþ womb, Icel. kvið, Goth.
qiþus, belly, womb, stomach, G. kutteln
chitterlings.] (Cookery) The smaller intestines of
swine, etc., fried for food.
||Chit"tra (?), n. [Native Indian
name.] (Zoöl.) The axis deer of India.
Chit"ty (?), a. 1.
Full of chits or sprouts.
2. Childish; like a babe.
[Obs.]
Chiv"a*chie` (?), n. [OF.
chevauchie, chevauchée; of the same origin
as E. cavalcade.] A cavalry raid; hence, a military
expedition. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Chiv"al*ric (?), a. [See
Chivalry.] Relating to chivalry; knightly;
chivalrous.
Chiv"al*rous (?), a. [OF.
chevalerus, chevalereus, fr. chevalier. See
Chivalry.] Pertaining to chivalry or knight-errantry;
warlike; heroic; gallant; high-spirited; high-minded;
magnanimous.
In brave pursuit of chivalrous emprise.
Spenser.
Chiv"al*rous*ly, adv. In a
chivalrous manner; gallantly; magnanimously.
Chiv"al*ry (?), n. [F.
chevalerie, fr. chevalier knight, OF., horseman.
See Chevalier, and cf. Cavalry.] 1.
A body or order of cavaliers or knights serving on
horseback; illustrious warriors, collectively; cavalry.
"His Memphian chivalry." Milton.
By his light
Did all the chivalry of England move,
To do brave acts.
Shak.
2. The dignity or system of knighthood;
the spirit, usages, or manners of knighthood; the practice of
knight-errantry. Dryden.
3. The qualifications or character of
knights, as valor, dexterity in arms, courtesy, etc.
The glory of our Troy this day doth lie
On his fair worth and single chivalry.
Shak.
4. (Eng. Law) A tenure of lands by
knight's service; that is, by the condition of a knight's
performing service on horseback, or of performing some noble or
military service to his lord.
5. Exploit. [Obs.] Sir P.
Sidney.
Court of chivalry, a court formerly held
before the lord high constable and earl marshal of England as
judges, having cognizance of contracts and other matters relating
to deeds of arms and war. Blackstone.
Chive (?), n. (Bot.) A
filament of a stamen. [Obs.]
Chive (?), n. [F. cive, fr.
L. cepa, caepa, onion. Cf. Cives,
Cibol.] (Bot.) A perennial plant (Allium
Schœnoprasum), allied to the onion. The young leaves
are used in omelets, etc. [Written also cive.]
Chiv"y (?), v. t. [imp. &
p. p. Chivied (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Chivying.] [Cf. Chevy.] To goad,
drive, hunt, throw, or pitch. [Slang, Eng.]
Dickens.
Chlam"y*date (?), a. [L.
chlamydatus dressed in a military cloak. See
Chlamys.] (Zoöl.) Having a mantle; --
applied to certain gastropods.
Chlam"y*phore (?), n. [Gr. &?;
cloak + &?; to bear.] (Zoöl.) A small South
American edentate (Chlamyphorus truncatus, and C.
retusus) allied to the armadillo. It is covered with a
leathery shell or coat of mail, like a cloak, attached along the
spine.
||Chla"mys (?), n.; pl. E.
Chlamyses (#), L. Chlamydes
(#). [L., from Gr. &?;.] A loose and flowing outer garment,
worn by the ancient Greeks; a kind of cloak.
||Chlo*as"ma (?), n. [Gr. &?; to be
green.] (Med.) A cutaneous affection characterized by
yellow or yellowish brown pigmented spots.
Chlo"ral (?), n. [Chlorine +
alcohol.] 1. (Chem.) A
colorless oily liquid, CCl3.CHO, of a pungent odor and
harsh taste, obtained by the action of chlorine upon ordinary or
ethyl alcohol.
2. (Med.) Chloral
hydrate.
Chloral hydrate, a white crystalline
substance, obtained by treating chloral with water. It produces
sleep when taken internally or hypodermically; -- called also
chloral.
Chlo"ral*am`ide (?), n.
[Chloral + amide.] (Chem.) A compound
of chloral and formic amide used to produce sleep.
Chlo"ral*ism (?), n. (Med.)
A morbid condition of the system resulting from excessive
use of chloral.
Chlor`al"um (?), n.
[Chlorine + aluminium.] An impure aqueous
solution of chloride of aluminium, used as an antiseptic and
disinfectant.
Chlor`an"il (?), n.
[Chlorine + aniline.] (Chem.) A yellow
crystalline substance, C6Cl4.O2,
regarded as a derivative of quinone, obtained by the action of
chlorine on certain benzene derivatives, as aniline.
Chlo"rate (?), n. [Cf. F.
chlorate. See Chlorine.] (Chem.) A salt
of chloric acid; as, chlorate of potassium.
Chlor`au"rate (?), n.
[Chlorine + aurate.] (Chem.) See
Aurochloride.
Chlor`hy"dric (?), a.
[Chlorine + hydrogen + -ic.] (Chem.)
Same as Hydrochloric.
Chlor`hy"drin (?), n.
(Chem.) One of a class of compounds formed from
certain polybasic alcohols (and especially glycerin) by the
substitution of chlorine for one or more hydroxyl
groups.
Chlo"ric (?), a. [From
Chlorine.] Pertaining to, or obtained from, chlorine;
-- said of those compounds of chlorine in which this element has
a valence of five, or the next to its highest; as, chloric
acid, HClO3.
Chloric ether (Chem.), ethylene
dichloride. See Dutch liquid, under Dutch.
Chlo"ri*date (?), v. t. To
treat or prepare with a chloride, as a plate with chloride of
silver, for the purposes of photography. R.
Hunt.
Chlo"ride (?), n. (Chem.)
A binary compound of chlorine with another element or
radical; as, chloride of sodium (common salt).
Chloride of ammonium, sal ammoniac.
-- Chloride of lime, bleaching powder; a
grayish white substance, CaOCl2, used in bleaching and
disinfecting; -- called more properly calcium
hypochlorite. See Hypochlorous acid, under
Hypochlorous. -- Mercuric chloride,
corrosive sublimate.
Chlo*rid"ic (?), a. Of or
pertaining to a chloride; containing a chloride.
Chlo"rid*ize (?), v. t. See
Chloridate.
Chlo*rim"e*try (?), n. See
Chlorometry.
Chlo"rin*ate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Chlorinated (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Chlorinating.]
(Chem.) To treat, or cause to combine, with
chlorine.
Chlo`ri*na"tion (?), n. The
act or process of subjecting anything to the action of chlorine;
especially, a process for the extraction of gold by exposure of
the auriferous material to chlorine gas.
Chlo"rine (?), n. [Gr. &?; pale
green, greenish yellow. So named from its color. See
Yellow.] (Chem.) One of the elementary
substances, commonly isolated as a greenish yellow gas, two and
one half times as heavy as air, of an intensely disagreeable
suffocating odor, and exceedingly poisonous. It is abundant in
nature, the most important compound being common salt. It is
powerful oxidizing, bleaching, and disinfecting agent. Symbol Cl.
Atomic weight, 35.4.
Chlorine family, the elements fluorine,
chlorine, bromine, and iodine, called the halogens, and
classed together from their common peculiarities.
Chlor`i*od"ic (?), a.
Compounded of chlorine and iodine; containing chlorine and
iodine.
Chlor`i"o*dine (?), n. A
compound of chlorine and iodine. [R.]
Chlo"rite (?), n. [Gr. &?; (sc.
&?;), fr. chlwro`s light green.] (Min.)
The name of a group of minerals, usually of a green color
and micaceous to granular in structure. They are hydrous
silicates of alumina, iron, and magnesia.
Chlorite slate, a schistose or slaty
rock consisting of alumina, iron, and magnesia.
Chlo"rite, n. [Chlorous +
-ite.] (Chem.) Any salt of chlorous acid; as,
chlorite of sodium.
Chlo*rit"ic (?), a. [From 1st
Chlorite.] Pertaining to, or containing, chlorite;
as, chloritic sand.
Chlor`meth"ane (?), n.
(Chem.) A colorless gas, CH3Cl, of a sweet
odor, easily condensed to a liquid; -- called also methyl
chloride.
Chlo"ro- (?). (Chem.) A prefix denoting
that chlorine is an ingredient in the substance
named.
Chlo`ro*cru"o*rin (?), n. [Gr.
chlwro`s light green + E. cruorin.]
(Physiol.) A green substance, supposed to be the
cause of the green color of the blood in some species of
worms. Ray Lankester.
Chlo"ro*dyne (?), n. [From
chlorine, in imitation of anodyne.] (Med.)
A patent anodyne medicine, containing opium, chloroform,
Indian hemp, etc.
Chlo"ro*form (?), n.
[Chlorine + formyl, it having been regarded as a
trichloride of this radical: cf. F. chloroforme, G.
chloroform.] (Chem.) A colorless volatile
liquid, CHCl3, having an ethereal odor and a sweetish
taste, formed by treating alcohol with chlorine and an alkali. It
is a powerful solvent of wax, resin, etc., and is extensively
used to produce anæsthesia in surgical operations; also
externally, to alleviate pain.
Chlo"ro*form (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Chloroformed (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Chloroforming.] To
treat with chloroform, or to place under its influence.
Chlo`ro*leu"cite (?), n. [Gr.
chlwro`s light green + E. leucite.]
(Bot.) Same as Chloroplastid.
Chlo*rom"e*ter (?), n. [Cf. F.
chloromètre. See Chlorine, and -
meter.] An instrument to test the decoloring or
bleaching power of chloride of lime.
Chlo*rom"e*try (?), n. The
process of testing the bleaching power of any combination of
chlorine.
Chlo*ro"pal (?), n. [Gr.
chlwro`s light green + E. opal.] (Min.)
A massive mineral, greenish in color, and opal-like in
appearance. It is essentially a hydrous silicate of
iron.
Chlo`ro*pep"tic (?), a.
[Chlorine + peptic.] (Physiol. Chem.)
Of or pertaining to an acid more generally called pepsin-
hydrochloric acid.
Chlo"ro*phane (?), n. [Gr.
chlwro`s light green + &?; to show: cf. F.
chlorophane.] 1. (Min.) A
variety of fluor spar, which, when heated, gives a beautiful
emerald green light.
2. (Physiol.) The yellowish green
pigment in the inner segment of the cones of the retina. See
Chromophane.
Chlo"ro*phyll (?), n. [Gr.
chlwro`s light green + fy`llon leaf: cf. F.
chlorophylle.] (Bot.) Literally, leaf green; a
green granular matter formed in the cells of the leaves (and
other parts exposed to light) of plants, to which they owe their
green color, and through which all ordinary assimilation of plant
food takes place. Similar chlorophyll granules have been found in
the tissues of the lower animals. [Written also
chlorophyl.]
Chlo`ro*plas"tid (?), n. [Gr.
chlwro`s light green + E. plastid.]
(Bot.) A granule of chlorophyll; -- also called
chloroleucite.
Chlo`ro*pla*tin"ic (?), a.
(Chem.) See Platinichloric.
||Chlo*ro"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr.
chlwro`s light green: cf. F. chlorose.]
1. (Med.) The green sickness; an
anæmic disease of young women, characterized by a greenish
or grayish yellow hue of the skin, weakness, palpitation,
etc.
2. (Bot.) A disease in plants,
causing the flowers to turn green or the leaves to lose their
normal green color.
Chlo*rot"ic (?), a. [Cf. F.
chlorotique.] Pertaining to, or affected by,
chlorosis.
Chlo"rous (?), a. [See
Chlorine.] 1. Of, pertaining to, or
derived from, chlorine; -- said of those compounds of chlorine in
which this element has a valence of three, the next lower than in
chloric compounds; as, chlorous acid,
HClO2.
2. (Chem. Physics) Pertaining to,
or resembling, the electro-negative character of chlorine; hence,
electro-negative; -- opposed to basylous or
zincous. [Obs.]
Chlor`pi"crin (?), n.
(Chem.) A heavy, colorless liquid,
CCl3.NO2, of a strong pungent odor,
obtained by subjecting picric acid to the action of
chlorine. [Written also chloropikrin.]
Chlo"ru*ret (?), n. [Cf. F.
chlorure.] (Chem.) A chloride.
[Obs.]
Choak (?), v. t. & i. See
Choke.
Cho"a*noid (?), a. [Gr. &?; funnel
+ -oid.] (Anat.) Funnel-shaped; -- applied
particularly to a hollow muscle attached to the ball of the eye
in many reptiles and mammals.
Cho"card (?), n.
(Zoöl.) The chough.
Chock (?), v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Chocked (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Chocking.] To stop or fasten, as with a
wedge, or block; to scotch; as, to chock a wheel or
cask.
Chock, v. i. To fill up, as a
cavity. "The woodwork . . . exactly chocketh into
joints." Fuller.
Chock, n. 1. A
wedge, or block made to fit in any space which it is desired to
fill, esp. something to steady a cask or other body, or prevent
it from moving, by fitting into the space around or beneath
it.
2. (Naut.) A heavy casting of
metal, usually fixed near the gunwale. It has two short horn-
shaped arms curving inward, between which ropes or hawsers may
pass for towing, mooring, etc.
Chock, adv. (Naut.)
Entirely; quite; as, chock home; chock
aft.
Chock, v. t. [F. choquer.
Cf. Shock, v. t.] To
encounter. [Obs.]
Chock, n. An encounter.
[Obs.]
Chock"a*block (?), a.
(Naut.) Hoisted as high as the tackle will admit;
brought close together, as the two blocks of a tackle in
hoisting.
Chock"-full` (?), a. Quite
full; choke-full.
Choc"o*late (?), n. [Sp., fr. the
Mexican name of the cacao. Cf. Cacao, Cocoa.]
1. A paste or cake composed of the roasted
seeds of the Theobroma Cacao ground and mixed with other
ingredients, usually sugar, and cinnamon or vanilla.
2. The beverage made by dissolving a
portion of the paste or cake in boiling water or milk.
Chocolate house, a house in which
customers may be served with chocolate. -- Chocolate
nut. See Cacao.
Choc"taws (?), n. pl.; sing.
Choctaw. (Ethnol.) A tribe of
North American Indians (Southern Appalachian), in early times
noted for their pursuit of agriculture, and for living at peace
with the white settlers. They are now one of the civilized tribes
of the Indian Territory.
Chode (chōd), the old
imp. of chide. See
Chide.
Chog"set (?), n.
(Zoöl.) See Cunner.
Choice (chois), n. [OE.
chois, OF. chois, F. choix, fr.
choisir to choose; of German origin; cf. Goth.
kausjan to examine, kiusan to choose, examine, G.
kiesen. √46. Cf. Choose.] 1.
Act of choosing; the voluntary act of selecting or
separating from two or more things that which is preferred; the
determination of the mind in preferring one thing to another;
election.
2. The power or opportunity of choosing;
option.
Choice there is not, unless the thing which
we take be so in our power that we might have refused it.
Hooker.
3. Care in selecting; judgment or skill
in distinguishing what is to be preferred, and in giving a
preference; discrimination.
I imagine they [the apothegms of Cæsar] were
collected with judgment and choice.
Bacon.
4. A sufficient number to choose
among. Shak.
5. The thing or person chosen; that which
is approved and selected in preference to others;
selection.
The common wealth is sick of their own
choice.
Shak.
6. The best part; that which is
preferable.
The flower and choice
Of many provinces from bound to bound.
Milton.
To make a choice of, to choose; to
select; to separate and take in preference.
Syn. - See Volition, Option.
Choice, a.
[Compar. Choicer (?);
superl. Choicest (?).]
1. Worthly of being chosen or preferred;
select; superior; precious; valuable.
My choicest hours of life are lost.
Swift.
2. Preserving or using with care, as
valuable; frugal; -- used with of; as, to be choice
of time, or of money.
3. Selected with care, and due attention
to preference; deliberately chosen.
Choice word measured phrase.
Wordsworth.
Syn. - Select; precious; exquisite; uncommon; rare;
chary; careful/
Choice"ful (?), a. Making
choices; fickle. [Obs.]
His choiceful sense with every change doth
fit.
Spenser.
Choice"ly, adv. 1.
With care in choosing; with nice regard to preference.
"A band of men collected choicely, from each county some."
Shak.
2. In a preferable or excellent manner;
excellently; eminently. "Choicely good."
Walton.
Choice"ness, n. The quality of
being of particular value or worth; nicely; excellence.
Choir (?), n. [OE. quer, OF.
cuer, F. chœur, fr. L. chorus a choral
dance, chorus, choir, fr. Gr. &?;, orig. dancing place; prob.
akin to &?; inclosure, L. hortus garden, and E.
yard. See Chorus.] 1. A band
or organized company of singers, especially in church
service. [Formerly written also quire.]
2. That part of a church appropriated to
the singers.
3. (Arch.) The chancel.
Choir organ (Mus.), one of the
three or five distinct organs included in the full organ, each
separable from the rest, but all controlled by one performer; a
portion of the full organ, complete in itself, and more
practicable for ordinary service and in the accompanying of the
vocal choir. -- Choir screen,
Choir wall (Arch.), a screen or low
wall separating the choir from the aisles. -- Choir
service, the service of singing performed by the
choir. T. Warton.
Choke (?), v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Choked (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Choking.] [OE. cheken, choken; cf. AS.
āceocian to suffocate, Icel. koka to gulp, E.
chincough, cough.] 1. To
render unable to breathe by filling, pressing upon, or squeezing
the windpipe; to stifle; to suffocate; to strangle.
With eager feeding food doth choke the
feeder.
Shak.
2. To obstruct by filling up or clogging
any passage; to block up. Addison.
3. To hinder or check, as growth,
expansion, progress, etc.; to stifle.
Oats and darnel choke the rising corn.
Dryden.
4. To affect with a sense of
strangulation by passion or strong feeling. "I was
choked at this word." Swift.
5. To make a choke, as in a cartridge, or
in the bore of the barrel of a shotgun.
To choke off, to stop a person in the
execution of a purpose; as, to choke off a speaker by
uproar.
Choke, v. i. 1.
To have the windpipe stopped; to have a spasm of the throat,
caused by stoppage or irritation of the windpipe; to be
strangled.
2. To be checked, as if by choking; to
stick.
The words choked in his throat.
Sir W. Scott.
Choke, n. 1. A
stoppage or irritation of the windpipe, producing the feeling of
strangulation.
2. (Gun.) (a) The
tied end of a cartridge. (b) A
constriction in the bore of a shotgun, case of a rocket,
etc.
Choke"ber`ry (?), n. (Bot.)
The small apple-shaped or pear-shaped fruit of an American
shrub (Pyrus arbutifolia) growing in damp thickets; also,
the shrub.
Choke"cher`ry (?), n. (Bot.)
The astringent fruit of a species of wild cherry (Prunus
Virginiana); also, the bush or tree which bears such
fruit.
Choke" damp` (?). See Carbonic acid,
under Carbonic.
||Cho`ke*dar" (?), n. [Hindi
chaukī-dār.] A watchman; an officer of
customs or police. [India]
Choke"-full` (?), a. Full to
the brim; quite full; chock-full.
Choke" pear` (?). 1. A kind of
pear that has a rough, astringent taste, and is swallowed with
difficulty, or which contracts the mucous membrane of the
mouth.
2. A sarcasm by which one is put to
silence; anything that can not be answered. [Low] S.
Richardson.
Chok"er (?), n. 1.
One who, or that which, chokes.
2. A stiff wide cravat; a stock.
[Slang]
Choke"-strap` (?), n.
(Saddlery) A strap leading from the bellyband to the
lower part of the collar, to keep the collar in place.
Chok"ing (?), a. 1.
That chokes; producing the feeling of
strangulation.
2. Indistinct in utterance, as the voice
of a person affected with strong emotion.
{ Chok"y Chok"ey } (?), a.
1. Tending to choke or suffocate, or having
power to suffocate.
2. Inclined to choke, as a person
affected with strong emotion. "A deep and choky
voice." Aytoun.
The allusion to his mother made Tom feel rather
chokey.
T. Hughes.
||Cho*læ"ma*a (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. &?; bile + &?; blood.] (Med.) A disease
characterized by severe nervous symptoms, dependent upon the
presence of the constituents of the bile in the blood.
Chol"a*gogue (?), a. [Gr. &?;; &?;
bile + &?; leading, &?; to lead: cf. F. cholagogue.]
(Med.) Promoting the discharge of bile from the
system. -- n. An agent which
promotes the discharge of bile from the system.
Cho"late (?), n. [Gr. &?; bile.]
(Chem.) A salt of cholic acid; as, sodium
cholate.
||Chol`e*cys"tis (?), n. [NL., fr.
Gr. &?; bile + &?; bladder.] (Anat.) The gall
bladder.
Chol`e*cys*tot"o*my (?), n.
[Cholecystis + Gr. &?; to cut.] (Surg.) The
operation of making an opening in the gall bladder, as for the
removal of a gallstone.
Chol`e*dol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?;
bile + -logy. Cf. F. cholédologie.]
(Med.) A treatise on the bile and bilary
organs. Dunglison.
&fist; Littré says that the word
cholédologie is absolutely barbarous, there being
no Greek word &?;. A proper form would be cholology.
Cho*le"ic (?), a. (Physiol.
Chem.) Pertaining to, or obtained from, bile; as,
choleic acid.
Chol"er (?), n. [OE. coler,
F. colère anger, L. cholera a bilious
complaint, fr. Gr. &?; cholera, fr. &?;, &?;, bile. See
Gall, and cf. Cholera.] 1. The
bile; -- formerly supposed to be the seat and cause of
irascibility. [Obs.]
His [Richard Hooker's] complexion . . . was
sanguine, with a mixture of choler; and yet his motion was
slow.
I. Warton.
2. Irritation of the passions; anger;
wrath.
He is rash and very sudden in choler.
Shak.
Chol"er*a (?), n. [L., a bilious
disease. See Choler.] (Med.) One of several
diseases affecting the digestive and intestinal tract and more or
less dangerous to life, esp. the one commonly called Asiatic
cholera.
Asiatic cholera, a malignant and rapidly
fatal disease, originating in Asia and frequently epidemic in the
more filthy sections of other lands, to which the germ or
specific poison may have been carried. It is characterized by
diarrhea, rice-water evacuations, vomiting, cramps, pinched
expression, and lividity, rapidly passing into a state of
collapse, followed by death, or by a stage of reaction of
fever. -- Cholera bacillus. See
Comma bacillus. -- Cholera
infantum, a dangerous summer disease, of infants,
caused by hot weather, bad air, or poor milk, and especially
fatal in large cities. -- Cholera morbus,
a disease characterized by vomiting and purging, with
gripings and cramps, usually caused by imprudence in diet or by
gastrointestinal disturbance. -- Chicken
cholera. See under Chicken. --
Hog cholera. See under Hog. --
Sporadic cholera, a disease somewhat
resembling the Asiatic cholera, but originating where it occurs,
and rarely becoming epidemic.
Chol`er*a"ic (?), a. Relating
to, or resulting from, or resembling, cholera.
Chol"er*ic (?), a. [L.
cholericus, Gr. &?;: cf. F. cholérique.]
1. Abounding with, or producing choler, or
bile. Dryden.
2. Easily irritated; irascible; inclined
to anger.
3. Angry; indicating anger; excited by
anger. "Choleric speech." Sir W.
Raleigh.
Choleric temperament, the bilious
temperament.
Chol"er*ic*ly, adv. In a
choleric manner; angrily.
Chol"er*i*form` (?), a.
[Cholera + -form.] Resembling
cholera.
Chol"er*ine (?), n. (Med.)
(a) The precursory symptoms of
cholera. (b) The first stage of
epidemic cholera. (c) A mild form of
cholera.
Chol"er*oid, a. [Cholera +
-oid.] Choleriform.
Cho`les*ter"ic (?), a. [Cf. F.
cholestérique.] Pertaining to cholesterin, or
obtained from it; as, cholesteric acid.
Ure.
Cho*les"ter*in (?), n. [Gr. &?;
bile + &?; stiff fat: F. cholestérine. See
Stearin.] (Chem.) A white, fatty, crystalline
substance, tasteless and odorless, found in animal and plant
products and tissue, and especially in nerve tissue, in the bile,
and in gallstones.
{ Cho"li*amb (?), Cho`li*am"bic (?), }
n. [L. choliambus, Gr. &?;; &?; lame +
&?; an iambus.] (Pros.) A verse having an iambus in
the fifth place, and a spondee in the sixth or last.
{ Chol"ic (?), Cho*lin"ic (?), }
a. [Gr. &?;, from &?; bile.] (Physiol.
Chem.) Pertaining to, or obtained from, the
bile.
Cholic acid (Chem.), a complex
organic acid found as a natural constituent of taurocholic and
glycocholic acids in the bile, and extracted as a resinous
substance, convertible under the influence of ether into white
crystals.
Cho"line (?), n. [Gr. &?; bile.]
(Physiol. Chem.) See Neurine.
Chol"o*chrome (?), n. [Gr. &?;,
&?;, bile + &?; color.] (Physiol.) See
Bilirubin.
Chol`o*phæ"in (?), n. [Gr.
&?;, &?;, bile + &?; dusky.] (Physiol.) See
Bilirubin.
||Chol"try (?), n. A Hindoo
caravansary.
Chomp (?), v. i. To chew
loudly and greedily; to champ. [Prov. Eng. & Colloq. U. S.]
Halliwell.
Chon`dri*fi*ca"tion (?), n.
(Physiol.) Formation of, or conversion into,
cartilage.
Chon"dri*fy (?), v. t. & i. [Gr.
&?; cartilage + -fy.] To convert, or be converted,
into cartilage.
Chon"dri*gen (?), n. [Gr. &?;
cartilage + -gen.] (Physiol. Chem.) The
chemical basis of cartilage, converted by long boiling in water
into a gelatinous body called chondrin.
Chon*drig"e*nous (?), a. [Gr. &?;
cartilage + -genous.] (Physiol.) Affording
chondrin.
Chon"drin (?), n. [Gr. &?;
cartilage.] (Physiol. Chem.) A colorless, amorphous,
nitrogenous substance, tasteless and odorless, formed from
cartilaginous tissue by long-continued action of boiling water.
It is similar to gelatin, and is a large ingredient of commercial
gelatin.
Chon"drite (?), n. [Gr. &?; a grain
(of wheat or spelt), cartilage.] (Min.) A meteoric
stone characterized by the presence of chondrules.
Chon*drit"ic (?), a. (Min.)
Granular; pertaining to, or having the granular structure
characteristic of, the class of meteorites called
chondrites.
||Chon*dri"tis (?), n. [NL., fr.
Gr. &?; cartilage + -itis.] (Med.) An
inflammation of cartilage.
Chon"dro- (?). [Gr. &?; a grain (of wheat or spelt),
cartilage.] A combining form meaning a grain,
granular, granular cartilage, cartilaginous;
as, the chondrocranium, the cartilaginous skull of the
lower vertebrates and of embryos.
Chon"dro*dite (?), n. [Gr. &?; a
grain (of wheat or spelt), cartilage.] (Min.) A
fluosilicate of magnesia and iron, yellow to red in color, often
occurring in granular form in a crystalline limestone.
||Chon`dro*ga*noi"de*a (?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. &?; cartilage + NL. ganoidei. See
Ganoid.] (Zoöl.) An order of ganoid
fishes, including the sturgeons; -- so called on account of their
cartilaginous skeleton.
Chon"dro*gen (?), n. [Gr. &?;
cartilage + -gen.] (Physiol. Chem.) Same as
Chondrigen.
Chon`dro*gen"e*sis (?), n. [Gr. &?;
cartilage + genesis.] (Physiol.) The
development of cartilage.
Chon"droid (?), a. [Gr. &?;
cartilage + -oid.] Resembling cartilage.
Chon*drol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?;
cartilage + -logy: cf. F. chondrologie.]
(Anat.) The science which treats of cartilages.
Dunglison.
||Chon*dro"ma (?), n.; pl.
Chondromata (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; cartilage +
-oma.] A cartilaginous tumor or growth.
Chon*drom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. &?; a
grain (of wheat or spelt), cartilage + -meter.] A
steelyard for weighting grain.
Chon*drop`ter*yg"i*an (?), a. [Cf.
F. chondropterygien.] Having a cartilaginous
skeleton. -- n. One of the
Chondropterygii.
||Chon*drop`te*ryg"i*i (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. &?; cartilage + &?;, &?;, wing, fin.]
(Zoöl.) A group of fishes, characterized by
cartilaginous fins and skeleton. It includes both ganoids
(sturgeons, etc.) and selachians (sharks), but is now often
restricted to the latter. [Written also
Chondropterygia.]
||Chon*dros"te*i (?), n. pl. [NL.,
fr. Gr. &?; cartilage + &?; bone.] (Zoöl.) An
order of fishes, including the sturgeons; -- so named because the
skeleton is cartilaginous.
Chon*drot"o*my (?), n. [Gr. &?; +
&?; a cutting.] (Anat.) The dissection of
cartilages.
Chon"drule (?), n. [Dim. from Gr.
&?; a grain (of wheat or spelt), cartilage.] (Min.) A
peculiar rounded granule of some mineral, usually enstatite or
chrysolite, found imbedded more or less abundantly in the mass of
many meteoric stones, which are hence called
chondrites.
Choose (?), v. t.
[imp. Chose (?); p. p.
Chosen (?), Chose (Obs.); p. pr. & vb.
n. Choosing.] [OE. chesen,
cheosen, AS. ceósan; akin to OS.
kiosan, D. kiezen, G. kiesen, Icel.
kjōsa, Goth. kiusan, L. gustare to
taste, Gr. &?;, Skr. jush to enjoy. √46. Cf.
Choice, 2d Gust.] 1. To make
choice of; to select; to take by way of preference from two or
more objects offered; to elect; as, to choose the least of
two evils.
Choose me for a humble friend.
Pope.
2. To wish; to desire; to prefer.
[Colloq.]
The landlady now returned to know if we did not
choose a more genteel apartment.
Goldsmith.
To choose sides. See under
Side.
Syn. - To select; prefer; elect; adopt; follow. -- To
Choose, Prefer, Elect. To choose is
the generic term, and denotes to take or fix upon by an act of
the will, especially in accordance with a decision of the
judgment. To prefer is to choose or favor one thing as
compared with, and more desirable than, another, or more in
accordance with one's tastes and feelings. To elect is to
choose or select for some office, employment, use, privilege,
etc., especially by the concurrent vote or voice of a sufficient
number of electors. To choose a profession; to
prefer private life to a public one; to elect
members of Congress.
Choose, v. i. 1.
To make a selection; to decide.
They had only to choose between implicit
obedience and open rebellion.
Prescott.
2. To do otherwise. "Can I
choose but smile?" Pope.
Can not choose but, must
necessarily.
Thou canst not choose but know who I
am.
Shak.
Choos"er (?), n. One who
chooses; one who has the power or right of choosing; an
elector. Burke.
Chop (?), v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Chopped (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Chopping.] [Cf. LG. & D. kappen, Dan.
kappe, Sw. kappa. Cf. Chap to crack.]
1. To cut by striking repeatedly with a
sharp instrument; to cut into pieces; to mince; -- often with
up.
2. To sever or separate by one more blows
of a sharp instrument; to divide; -- usually with off or
down.
Chop off your hand, and it to the king.
Shak.
3. To seize or devour greedily; -- with
up. [Obs.]
Upon the opening of his mouth he drops his
breakfast, which the fox presently chopped up.
L'estrange.
Chop (?), v. i. 1.
To make a quick strike, or repeated strokes, with an ax or
other sharp instrument.
2. To do something suddenly with an
unexpected motion; to catch or attempt to seize.
Out of greediness to get both, he chops at
the shadow, and loses the substance.
L'Estrange.
3. To interrupt; -- with in or
out.
This fellow interrupted the sermon, even suddenly
chopping in.
Latimer.
Chop, v. t. [Cf. D. koopen
to buy. See Cheapen, v. t., and cf.
Chap, v. i., to buy.] 1.
To barter or truck.
2. To exchange; substitute one thing for
another.
We go on chopping and changing our
friends.
L'Estrange.
To chop logic, to dispute with an
affected use of logical terms; to argue sophistically.
Chop, v. i. 1.
To purchase by way of truck.
2. (Naut.) To vary or shift
suddenly; as, the wind chops about.
3. To wrangle; to altercate; to bandy
words.
Let not the counsel at the bar chop with
the judge.
Bacon.
Chop, n. A change; a
vicissitude. Marryat.
Chop, v. t. & i. To crack. See
Chap, v. t. & i.
Chop, n. 1.
The act of chopping; a stroke.
2. A piece chopped off; a slice or small
piece, especially of meat; as, a mutton chop.
3. A crack or cleft. See
Chap.
Chop, n. [See Chap.]
1. A jaw of an animal; -- commonly in the
pl. See Chops.
2. A movable jaw or cheek, as of a wooden
vise.
3. The land at each side of the mouth of
a river, harbor, or channel; as, East Chop or West
Chop. See Chops.
Chop, n. [Chin. & Hind.
chāp stamp, brand.]
1. Quality; brand; as, silk of the first
chop.
2. A permit or clearance.
Chop dollar, a silver dollar stamped to
attest its purity. -- chop of tea, a
number of boxes of the same make and quality of leaf. --
Chowchow chop. See under
Chowchow. -- Grand chop, a
ship's port clearance. S. W. Williams.
Chop"boat` (?), n. [Chin.
chop sort, quality.] A licensed lighter employed in
the transportation of goods to and from vessels. [China]
S. W. Williams.
Chop"church` (?), n. [See
Chop to barter.] (Old Eng. Law) An exchanger
or an exchange of benefices. [Cant]
Chop`fall`en (?), a. Having
the lower chop or jaw depressed; hence, crestfallen; dejected;
dispirited; downcast. See Chapfallen.
Chop"house` (?), n. A house
where chops, etc., are sold; an eating house.
The freedom of a chophouse.
W. Irving.
Chop"house`, n. [See Chop
quality.] A customhouse where transit duties are
levied. [China] S. W. Williams.
Chop"in (?), n. [F. chopine,
fr. G. schoppen.] A liquid measure formerly used in
France and Great Britain, varying from half a pint to a wine
quart.
Chop"in, n. See
Chopine.
Cho*pine" (?), n. [Cf. OF.
chapin, escapin, Sp. chapin, Pg.
chapim.] A clog, or patten, having a very thick sole,
or in some cases raised upon a stilt to a height of a foot or
more. [Variously spelt chioppine, chopin,
etc.]
Your ladyship is nearer to heaven than when I saw
you last, by the altitude of a chopine.
Shak.
Chop"-log`ic (?), n. One who
bandies words or is very argumentative. [Jocular]
Shak.
Chop"ness (?), n. A kind of
spade. [Eng.]
Chop"per (?), n. One who, or
that which, chops.
Chop"ping (?), a. [Cf.
Chubby.] Stout or plump; large. [Obs.]
Fenton.
Chop"ping, a. [See Chop to
barter.] Shifting or changing suddenly, as the wind; also,
having tumbling waves dashing against each other; as, a
chopping sea.
Chop"ping, n. Act of cutting
by strokes.
Chopping block, a solid block of wood on
which butchers and others chop meat, etc. --
Chopping knife, a knife for chopping or
mincing meat, vegetables, etc.; -- usually with a handle at the
back of the blade instead of at the end.
Chop"py (?), a. [Cf.
Chappy.] 1. Full of cracks.
"Choppy finger." Shak.
2. [Cf. Chop a change.] Rough,
with short, tumultuous waves; as, a choppy sea.
Chops (ch&obreve;ps), n. pl. [See
Chop a jaw.] 1. The jaws; also, the
fleshy parts about the mouth.
2. The sides or capes at the mouth of a
river, channel, harbor, or bay; as, the chops of the
English Channel.
Chop"stick" (ch&obreve;p"st&ibreve;k`),
n. One of two small sticks of wood, ivory,
etc., used by the Chinese and Japanese to convey food to the
mouth.
Cho*rag"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?;, &?;.]
Of or pertaining to a choragus.
Choragic monument, a building or column
built by a victorious choragus for the reception and exhibition
of the tripod which he received as a prize. Those of Lysicrates
and Thrasyllus are still to be seen at Athens.
||Cho*ra"gus (?), n.; pl.
Choragi (#). [L., fr. Gr. &?;, &?;; &?; chorus
+ &?; to lead.] (Gr. Antiq.) A chorus leader; esp.
one who provided at his own expense and under his own supervision
one of the choruses for the musical contents at Athens.
Cho"ral (?), a. [LL.
choralis, fr. L. chorus. See Chorus.]
Of or pertaining to a choir or chorus; singing, sung, or
adapted to be sung, in chorus or harmony.
Choral service, a service of
song.
Cho"ral, n. (Mus.) A
hymn tune; a simple sacred tune, sung in unison by the
congregation; as, the Lutheran chorals. [Sometimes
written chorale.]
Cho"ral*ist (?), n. A singer
or composer of chorals.
Cho"ral*ly, adv. In the manner
of a chorus; adapted to be sung by a choir; in harmony.
Chord (kôrd), n. [L
chorda a gut, a string made of a gut, Gr.
chordh`. In the sense of a string or small rope, in
general, it is written cord. See Cord.]
1. The string of a musical instrument.
Milton.
2. (Mus.) A combination of tones
simultaneously performed, producing more or less perfect harmony,
as, the common chord.
3. (Geom.) A right line uniting
the extremities of the arc of a circle or curve.
4. (Anat.) A cord. See
Cord, n., 4.
5. (Engin.) The upper or lower
part of a truss, usually horizontal, resisting compression or
tension. Waddell.
Accidental, Common, ∧ Vocal
chords. See under Accidental,
Common, and Vocal. -- Chord of an
arch. See Illust. of Arch. --
Chord of curvature, a chord drawn from any
point of a curve, in the circle of curvature for that point.
-- Scale of chords. See
Scale.
Chord, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Chorded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Chording.] To provide with musical chords or strings;
to string; to tune.
When Jubal struck the chorded shell.
Dryden.
Even the solitary old pine tree chords his
harp.
Beecher.
Chord, v. i. (Mus.) To
accord; to harmonize together; as, this note chords with
that.
||Chor"da (?), n. [NL., fr. L.
chorda. See Chord.] (Anat.) A
cord.
||Chorda dorsalis (&?;). [NL., lit., cord of
the back.] (Anat.) See Notochord.
Chor"dal (?), a. Of or
pertaining to a chord.
||Chor*da"ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr.
L. chorda cord.] (Zoöl.) A comprehensive
division of animals including all Vertebrata together with the
Tunicata, or all those having a dorsal nervous cord.
Chor*dee" (?), n. [F.
cordé, cordée, p. p. of corder
to cord.] (Med.) A painful erection of the penis,
usually with downward curvature, occurring in
gonorrhea.
Chore (?), n. [The same word as
char work done by the day.] A small job; in the
pl., the regular or daily light work of a household or
farm, either within or without doors. [U. S.]
Chore, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Chored (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Choring.] To do chores. [U. S.]
Chore (?), n. A choir or
chorus. [Obs.] B. Jonson.
||Cho*re"a (?). n. [NL., fr. Gr.
&?; dance.] (Med.) St. Vitus's dance; a disease
attended with convulsive twitchings and other involuntary
movements of the muscles or limbs.
Cho*ree" (?), n. [F.
chorée.] See Choreus.
{ Cho`re*graph"ic (?), Cho`re*graph"ic*al
(?), } a. Pertaining to
choregraphy.
Cho*reg"ra*phy (?), n. [GR. &?;
d&?;nce + -graphy.] The art of representing dancing
by signs, as music is represented by notes.
Craig.
Cho*re"ic (?), a. Of the
nature of, or pertaining to, chorea; convulsive.
Cho`re*pis"co*pal (?), a.
Pertaining to a chorepiscopus or his charge or
authority.
||Cho`re*pis"co*pus (?), n.;
pl. Chorepiscopi (#). [L., fr. Gr. &?;;
chw^ros, chw`ra, place, country + &?;
bishop. Cf. Bishop.] (Eccl.) A "country" or
suffragan bishop, appointed in the ancient church by a diocesan
bishop to exercise episcopal jurisdiction in a rural
district.
||Cho*re"us (?), Cho*ree" (&?;),
n. [L. choreus, Gr. &?;, prop. an adj.
meaning belonging to a chorus; cf. F. chorée.]
(Anc. Pros.) (a) a trochee.
(b) A tribrach.
Cho"ri*amb (?), n.; pl.
Choriambs (&?;). Same as
Choriambus.
Cho`ri*am"bic (?), a. [L.
choriambicus, gr. &?;.] Pertaining to a
choriamb. -- n. A
choriamb.
Cho`ri*am"bus (?), n.; pl.
L. Choriambi (#), E.
Choriambuses (#). [L. choriambus, Gr.
&?;; &?; a choreus + &?; iambus.] (Anc. Pros.) A foot
consisting of four syllables, of which the first and last are
long, and the other short (- ⌣ ⌣ -); that is, a
choreus, or trochee, and an iambus united.
Cho"ric (?), a. [L.
choricus, Gr. &?;.] Of or pertaining to a
chorus.
I remember a choric ode in the Hecuba.
Coleridge.
||Cho"ri*on (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr.
&?;.]
1. (Anat.) (a) The
outer membrane which invests the fetus in the womb; also, the
similar membrane investing many ova at certain stages of
development. (b) The true skin, or
cutis.
2. (Bot.) The outer membrane of
seeds of plants.
||Cho"ri*sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr.
&?; separation.] (Bot.) The separation of a leaf or
floral organ into two more parts.
&fist; In collateral chorisis the parts are side by
side. -- In parallel or median chorisis they are
one in front of another.
Cho"rist (?), n. [F.
choriste.] A singer in a choir; a chorister.
[R.]
Chor"is*ter (?), n. [See
Chorus.] 1. One of a choir; a singer
in a chorus. Dryden.
2. One who leads a choir in church
music. [U. S.]
Cho*ris"tic (?), a. Choric;
choral. [R.]
Cho"ro*graph (?), n. [Gr. &?; place
+ -graph.] An instrument for constructing triangles
in marine surveying, etc.
Cho*rog"ra*pher (?), n.
1. One who describes or makes a map of a
district or region. "The chorographers of Italy."
Sir T. Browne.
2. A geographical antiquary; one who
investigates the locality of ancient places.
Cho`ro*graph"ic*al (?), a.
Pertaining to chorography. --
Cho`ro*graph"ic*al*ly, adv.
Cho*rog"ra*phy (?), n. [L.
chorographia, Gr. &?;; &?; place + &?; to describe.]
the mapping or description of a region or
district.
The chorography of their provinces.
Sir T. Browne.
Cho"roid (?), a. [gr. &?;; &?;
chorion + &?; form.] (Anat.) resembling the chorion;
as, the choroid plexuses of the ventricles of the brain,
and the choroid coat of the eyeball. --
n. The choroid coat of the eye. See
Eye.
Choroid plexus (Anat.), one of
the delicate fringelike processes, consisting almost entirely of
blood vessels, which project into the ventricles of the
brain.
Cho*roid"al (?), a. (Anat.)
Pertaining to the choroid coat.
Cho*rol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?; place
+ -logy.] (Biol.) The science which treats of
the laws of distribution of living organisms over the earth's
surface as to latitude, altitude, locality, etc.
Its distribution or chorology.
Huxley.
Cho*rom"e*try (?), n. [Gr. &?;
place + -metry.] The art of surveying a region or
district.
Cho"rus (?), n.; pl.
Choruses (#). [L., a dance in a ring, a dance
accompanied with song; a chorus, a band of dancers and singers.
Gr. &?;. See Choir.]
1. (Antiq.) A band of singers and
dancers.
The Grecian tragedy was at first nothing but a
chorus of singers.
Dryden.
2. (Gr. Drama) A company of
persons supposed to behold what passed in the acts of a tragedy,
and to sing the sentiments which the events suggested in couplets
or verses between the acts; also, that which was thus sung by the
chorus.
What the lofty, grave tragedians taught
In chorus or iambic.
Milton.
3. An interpreter in a dumb show or
play. [Obs.]
4. (Mus.) A company of singers
singing in concert.
5. (Mus.) A composition of two or
more parts, each of which is intended to be sung by a number of
voices.
6. (Mus.) Parts of a song or hymn
recurring at intervals, as at the end of stanzas; also, a company
of singers who join with the singer or choir in singer or choir
in singing such parts.
7. The simultaneous of a company in any
noisy demonstration; as, a Chorus of shouts and
catcalls.
Cho"rus, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Chorused (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Chorusing.] To sing in chorus; to
exclaim simultaneously. W. D. Howells.
||Chose (?), n.; pl.
Choses (#). [F., fr. L. causa cause,
reason. See Cause.] (Law) A thing; personal
property.
Chose in action, a thing of which one
has not possession or actual enjoyment, but only a right to it,
or a right to demand it by action at law, and which does not
exist at the time in specie; a personal right to a thing not
reduced to possession, but recoverable by suit at law; as a right
to recover money due on a contract, or damages for a tort, which
can not be enforced against a reluctant party without suit.
-- Chose in possession, a thing in
possession, as distinguished from a thing in action.
-- Chose local, a thing annexed to a place,
as a mill. -- Chose transitory, a
thing which is movable. Cowell. Blount.
Chose (?), imp. & p. p. of
Choose.
Cho"sen (?), p. p. of
Choose. Selected from a number; picked out;
choice.
Seven hundred chosen men left-handed.
Judg. xx. 16.
Cho"sen, n. One who, or that
which is the object of choice or special favor.
Chou"an (?), n. [F.] One of
the royalist insurgents in western France (Brittany, etc.),
during and after the French revolution.
Chough (?), n. [OE. choughe,
kowe (and cf. OE. ca), fr. AS. ceó;
cf. also D. kauw, OHG. chāha; perh. akin to
E. caw. √22. Cf. Caddow.] (Zoöl.)
A bird of the Crow family (Fregilus graculus) of
Europe. It is of a black color, with a long, slender, curved bill
and red legs; -- also called chauk, chauk-daw,
chocard, Cornish chough, red-legged crow.
The name is also applied to several allied birds, as the
Alpine chough.
Cornish chough (Her.), a bird
represented black, with red feet, and beak; -- called also
aylet and sea swallow.
||Chou"i*cha (?), n. [Native name]
(Zoöl.) The salmon of the Columbia River or
California. See Quinnat.
||Chou"ka (?), n. [Native name]
(Zoöl.) The Indian four-horned antelope; the
chikara.
Choule (?), n. [Obs.] See
Jowl. Sir W. Scott.
||Choul"try (?), n. See
Choltry.
Chouse (?), v. t. [imp. &
p. p. Choused (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Chousing.] [From Turk.
chāūsh a messenger or interpreter, one of
whom, attached to the Turkish embassy, in 1609 cheated the
Turkish merchants resident in England out of £4,000.]
To cheat, trick, defraud; -- followed by of, or
out of; as, to chouse one out of his money.
[Colloq.]
The undertaker of the afore-cited poesy hath
choused your highness.
Landor.
Chouse, n. 1.
One who is easily cheated; a tool; a simpleton; a
gull. Hudibras.
2. A trick; sham; imposition.
Johnson.
3. A swindler. B.
Jonson.
||Chout (?), n. [Mahratta
chauth one fourth part.] An assessment equal to a
fourth part of the revenue. [India] J. Mill.
Chow"chow` (?), a. [Chin.]
Consisting of several kinds mingled together; mixed; as,
chowchow sweetmeats (preserved fruits put
together).
Chowchow chop, the last lighter
containing the small sundry packages sent off to fill up a
ship. S. W. Williams.
Chow"chow` (chou"chou`), n.
(Com.) A kind of mixed pickles.
Chow"der (-d&etl;r), n. [F.
chaudière a kettle, a pot. Cf. Caldron.]
1. (Cookery) A dish made of fresh
fish or clams, biscuit, onions, etc., stewed together.
2. A seller of fish. [Prov. Eng.]
Halliwell.
Chowder beer, a liquor made by boiling
black spruce in water and mixing molasses with the
decoction.
Chow"der, v. t. To make a
chowder of.
||Chow"ry (-r&ybreve;), n. [Hind.
chaunri.] A whisk to keep off files, used in the East
Indies. Malcom.
Chow"ter (-t&etilde;r), v. t. [Cf.
OE. chowre, and Prov. E. chow, to grumble.] To
grumble or mutter like a froward child. [Obs.] E.
Phillips.
Choy" root` (choi" r&oomac;t`). See Chay
root.
Chre`ma*tis"tics (?), n. [Gr. &?;
9sc. &?;) the art of traffic, fr. &?; goods, money, fr. &?; to
use.] The science of wealth; the science, or a branch of the
science, of political economy.
Chre`o*tech"nics (?), n. [Gr. &?;
useful + &?; art.] The science of the useful arts, esp.
agriculture, manufactures, and commerce. [R.]
Chres`to*math"ic (?), a.
Teaching what is useful. "A chrestomathic
school." Southey.
Chres*tom"a*thy (?), n. [Gr. &?;;
&?; useful + &?;, &?;, to learn.] A selection of passages,
with notes, etc., to be used in acquiring a language; as, a
Hebrew chrestomathy.
Chrism (?), n. [OE. crisme,
from AS. crisma; also OE. creme, fr. OF.
cresme, like the AS. word fr. LL. chrisma, fr. Gr.
&?;, fr. &?; to anoint; perh. akin to L. friare,
fricare, to rub, Skr. gharsh, E. friable,
friction. Cf. Chrisom.] (Gr. & R. C.
Church&?;s)
1. Olive oil mixed with balm and spices,
consecrated by the bishop on Maundy Thursday, and used in the
administration of baptism, confirmation, ordination,
etc.
2. The same as Chrisom.
Chris"mal (?), a. [LL.
chrismalis.] Of or pertaining to or used in
chrism.
Chris*ma"tion (?), n. [LL.
chrismatio.] The act of applying the chrism, or
consecrated oil.
Chrismation or cross-signing with ointment,
was used in baptism.
Jer. Taylor.
Chris"ma*to*ry (?), n. [LL.
chrismatorium.] A cruet or vessel in which chrism is
kept.
Chris"om (?), n. [See
Chrism.]
1. A white cloth, anointed with chrism,
or a white mantle thrown over a child when baptized or
christened. [Obs.]
2. A child which died within a month
after its baptism; -- so called from the chrisom cloth which was
used as a shroud for it. [Obs.] Blount.
Christ (?), n. [L. Christus,
Gr. &?;, fr. &?; anointed, fr. chri`ein to anoint. See
Chrism.] The Anointed; an appellation given to
Jesus, the Savior. It is synonymous with the Hebrew
Messiah.
Christ"cross` (?), n.
1. The mark of the cross, as cut, painted,
written, or stamped on certain objects, -- sometimes as the sign
of 12 o'clock on a dial.
The fescue of the dial is upon the
christcross of noon.
Old Play. Nares.
2. The beginning and the ending.
[Obs.] Quarles.
Christ"cross-row` (?), The alphabet; -- formerly
so called, either from the cross usually set before it, or from a
superstitious custom, sometimes practiced, of writing it in the
form of a cross, by way of a charm.
From infant conning of the Christcross-
row.
Wordsworth.
Chris"ten (?), v. t. [imp.
& p. p. Christened (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Christening.] [AS. cristnian to make a
Christian, fr. cristen a Christian.]
1. To baptize and give a Christian name
to.
2. To give a name; to denominate.
"Christen the thing what you will." Bp.
Burnet.
3. To Christianize. [Obs.] Jer.
Taylor.
4. To use for the first time.
[Colloq.]
Chris"ten*dom (?), n. [AS.
cristend&?;m; cristen a Christian + -dom.]
1. The profession of faith in Christ by
baptism; hence, the Christian religion, or the adoption of
it. [Obs.] Shak.
2. The name received at baptism; or, more
generally, any name or appelation. [Obs.]
Pretty, fond, adoptious christendoms.
Shak.
3. That portion of the world in which
Christianity prevails, or which is governed under Christian
institutions, in distinction from heathen or Mohammedan
lands.
The Arian doctrine which then divided
Christendom.
Milton
A wide and still widening Christendom.
Coleridge.
4. The whole body of Christians.
Hooker.
Chris"tian (?), n. [L.
christianus, Gr. &?;; cf. AS. cristen. See
Christ.]
1. One who believes, or professes or is
assumed to believe, in Jesus Christ, and the truth as taught by
Him; especially, one whose inward and outward life is conformed
to the doctrines of Christ.
The disciples were called Christians first
in Antioch.
Acts xi. 26.
2. One born in a Christian country or of
Christian parents, and who has not definitely becomes an adherent
of an opposing system.
3. (Eccl.) (a) One
of a Christian denomination which rejects human creeds as bases
of fellowship, and sectarian names. They are congregational in
church government, and baptize by immersion. They are also called
Disciples of Christ, and Campbellites.
(b) One of a sect (called Christian
Connection) of open-communion immersionists. The Bible is
their only authoritative rule of faith and practice.
&fist; In this sense, often pronounced, but not by the members
of the sects, krīs"chan.
Chris"tian (?), a.
1. Pertaining to Christ or his religion; as,
Christian people.
3. Pertaining to the church;
ecclesiastical; as, a Christian court.
Blackstone.
4. Characteristic of Christian people;
civilized; kind; kindly; gentle; beneficent.
The graceful tact; the Christian art.
Tennyson.
Christian Commission. See under
Commission. -- Christian court.
Same as Ecclesiastical court. --
Christian era, the present era, commencing
with the birth of Christ. It is supposed that owing to an error
of a monk (Dionysius Exiguus, d. about 556) employed to calculate
the era, its commencement was fixed three or four years too late,
so that 1890 should be 1893 or 1894. -- Christian
name, the name given in baptism, as distinct from
the family name, or surname.
Chris`tian*ism (?), n. [L.
christianismus, Gr. &?;: cf. F. christianisme.]
1. The Christian religion. [Obs.]
Milton.
2. The Christian world;
Christendom. [Obs.] Johnson
Chris"tian*ite (?), n. [In sense
(a) named after Christian Frederic, of
Denmark; in sense (b) after Christian
VII., of Denmark.] (Min.) (a) Same as
Anorthite. [R.] (b) See
Phillipsite.
Chris*tian"i*ty (?), n. [OE.
cristiente, OF. cristienté, F.
chrétienté, fr. L. christianitas.
]
1. The religion of Christians; the system
of doctrines and precepts taught by Christ.
2. Practical conformity of one's inward
and outward life to the spirit of the Christian
religion
3. The body of Christian believers.
[Obs.]
To Walys fled the christianitee
Of olde Britons.
Chaucer.
Chris`tian*i*za"tion (?), n.
The act or process of converting or being converted to a
true Christianity.
Chris"tian*ize (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Christianized (&?;);
p. pr. vb. n. Christianizing.] [Cf. F.
christianiser, L. christianizare, fr. Gr. &?;.]
1. To make Christian; to convert to
Christianity; as, to Christianize pagans.
2. To imbue with or adapt to Christian
principles.
Christianized philosophers.
I. Taylor.
Chris"tian*ize, v. i. To adopt
the character or belief of a Christian; to become
Christian.
The pagans began to Christianize.
Latham.
Chris"tian*like` (?), a.
Becoming to a Christian.
A virtuous and a Christianlike
conclusion.
Shak.
Chris"tian*ly, adv. In a
manner becoming the principles of the Christian
religion.
Sufferings . . . patiently and Christianly
borne.
Sharp.
Chris"tian*ly, a.
Christianlike. Longfellow.
Chris"tian*ness, n. Consonance
with the doctrines of Christianity. [Obs.]
Hammond.
Christ"less (?), a. Without
faith in Christ; unchristian. Tennyson.
Christ"like` (?), a.
Resembling Christ in character, actions, etc. --
Christ"like`ness, n.
Christ"ly, a.
Christlike. H. Bushnell.
Christ"mas (?), n. [Christ +
mass.] An annual church festival (December 25) and in
some States a legal holiday, in memory of the birth of Christ,
often celebrated by a particular church service, and also by
special gifts, greetings, and hospitality.
Christmas box. (a) A box
in which presents are deposited at Christmas.
(b) A present or small gratuity given to
young people and servants at Christmas; a Christmas gift. --
Christmas carol, a carol sung at, or
suitable for, Christmas. -- Christmas day.
Same as Christmas. -- Christmas
eve, the evening before Christmas. --
Christmas fern (Bot.), an evergreen
North American fern (Aspidium acrostichoides), which is
much used for decoration in winter. -- Christmas
flower, Christmas rose, the black
hellebore, a poisonous plant of the buttercup family, which in
Southern Europe often produces beautiful roselike flowers
midwinter. -- Christmas tree, a small
evergreen tree, set up indoors, to be decorated with bonbons,
presents, etc., and illuminated on Christmas eve.
Christ"mas*tide` (?), n.
[Christmas + tide time.] The season of
Christmas.
Chris"to*cen"tric (?), a.
[Christ + centric.] Making Christ the center,
about whom all things are grouped, as in religion or history;
tending toward Christ, as the central object of thought or
emotion. J. W. Chadwick.
Chris*tol"o*gy (?), n.
[Crist + -logy.] A treatise on Christ; that
department of theology which treats of the personality,
attributes, or life of Christ.
Chris"tom (?), n. See
Chrisom. [Obs.] Shak.
Chris*toph"a*ny (?), n.
[Christ + Gr. &?; to show.] An appearance of Christ,
as to his disciples after the crucifixion.
Christ's-thorn` (?), n.
(Bot.) One of several prickly or thorny shrubs found
in Palestine, especially the Paliurus aculeatus,
Zizyphus Spina-Christi, and Z. vulgaris. The last
bears the fruit called jujube, and may be considered to
have been the most readily obtainable for the Crown of
Thorns.
Chro"ma*scope (?), n. [Gr. &?;
color + -scope.] An instrument for showing the
optical effects of color.
Chro"mate (?), n. [Cf. F.
chromate. See Chrome.] (Chem.) A salt
of chromic acid.
Chro*mat"ic (?), a. [L.
chromaticus, Gr. &?;, suited for color, fr. &?;, &?;,
color; akin to &?; color, &?; skin, color of the skin.]
1. Relating to color, or to
colors.
2. (Mus.) Proceeding by the
smaller intervals (half steps or semitones) of the scale, instead
of the regular intervals of the diatonic scale.
&fist; The intermediate tones were formerly written and
printed in colors.
Chromatic aberration. (Opt.) See
Aberration, 4. -- Chromatic
printing, printing from type or blocks covered with
inks of various colors. -- Chromatic scale
(Mus.), the scale consisting of thirteen tones,
including the eight scale tones and the five intermediate
tones.
Chro*mat"ic*al (?), a.
Chromatic. [Obs.]
Chro*mat"ic*al*ly, adv. In a
chromatic manner.
Chro*mat"ics (?), n. The
science of colors; that part of optics which treats of the
properties of colors.
Chro"ma*tin (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;,
color.] (Biol.) Tissue which is capable of being
stained by dyes.
Chro"ma*tism (?), n. [Gr. &?; a
coloring.]
1. (Optics) The state of being
colored, as in the case of images formed by a lens.
2. (Bot.) An abnormal coloring of
plants.
Chro`ma*tog"e*nous (?), a. [Gr.
&?;, &?;, color + -genous.] Producing
color.
Chro`ma*tog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr.
&?;, &?;, color + -graphy.] A treatise on
colors
Chro`ma*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?;,
&?;, color + -logy.] A treatise on colors.
Chro"ma*to*phore` (?), n. [Gr. &?;,
&?;, color + &?; to bear.] 1. (Zoöl.)
A contractile cell or vesicle containing liquid pigment and
capable of changing its form or size, thus causing changes of
color in the translucent skin of such animals as possess them.
They are highly developed and numerous in the
cephalopods.
2. (Bot.) One of the granules of
protoplasm, which in mass give color to the part of the plant
containing them.
Chro"ma*to*scope` (?), n. [Gr. &?;,
&?;, color + -scope.] (Astron.) A reflecting
telescope, part of which is made to rotate eccentrically, so as
to produce a ringlike image of a star, instead of a point; --
used in studying the scintillation of the stars.
Chro"ma*to*sphere` (?), n. A
chromosphere. [R.]
Chro"ma*trope (?), n. [Gr. &?;
color + &?; turn, rotation, &?; to turn.] 1.
(Physics) An instrument for exhibiting certain
chromatic effects of light (depending upon the persistence of
vision and mixture of colors) by means of rapidly rotating disks
variously colored.
2. A device in a magic lantern or
stereopticon to produce kaleidoscopic effects.
Chro"ma*type (?), n. [Gr. &?; color
+ &?; type.]
1. (Photog.) A colored
photographic picture taken upon paper made sensitive with
potassium bichromate or some other salt of chromium.
2. The process by which such picture is
made.
Chrome (?), n. Same as
Chromium.
Chrome alum (Chem.), a dark
violet substance,
(SO4)3Cr2.
K2SO4.24H2O, analogous to,
and crystallizing like, common alum. It is regarded as a double
sulphate of chromium and potassium. -- Chrome
green (a) The green oxide of
chromium, Cr2O3, used in enamel painting,
and glass staining. (b) A pigment made
by mixing chrome yellow with Prussian blue. --
Chrome red, a beautiful red pigment
originally prepared from the basic chromate of lead, but now made
from red oxide of lead. -- Chrome yellow,
a brilliant yellow pigment, PbCrO4, used by
painters.
Chro"mic (?), a. (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or obtained from, chromium; -- said of the
compounds of chromium in which it has its higher
valence.
Chromic acid, an acid,
H2CrO4, analogous to sulphuric acid, not
readily obtained in the free state, but forming well known salts,
many of which are colored pigments, as chrome yellow, chrome red,
etc. -- Chromic anhydride, a brilliant
red crystalline substance, CrO3, regarded as the
anhydride of chromic acid. It is one of the most powerful
oxidizers known.
Chro"mid (?), n. [Gr. &?; a kind of
fish.] (Zoöl.) One of the Chromidæ,
a family of fresh-water fishes abundant in the tropical parts of
America and Africa. Some are valuable food fishes, as the
bulti of the Nile.
||Chro`mi*dro"sis (?), n. [NL., fr.
Gr. &?; color + &?; sweat.] (Med.) Secretion of
abnormally colored perspiration.
Chro"mism (?), n. Same as
Chromatism.
Chro"mite (?), n.
1. (Min.) A black submetallic mineral
consisting of oxide of chromium and iron; -- called also
chromic iron.
2. (Chem.) A compound or salt of
chromous hydroxide regarded as an acid. [R.]
Chro"mi*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr.
&?; color.] (Chem.) A comparatively rare element
occurring most abundantly in the mineral chromite. Atomic weight
52.5. Symbol Cr. When isolated it is a hard, brittle, grayish
white metal, fusible with difficulty. Its chief commercial
importance is for its compounds, as potassium chromate, lead
chromate, etc., which are brilliantly colored and are used dyeing
and calico printing. Called also chrome.
Chro"mo (?), n.; pl.
Chromos (#). [Abbrev. from
chromolithograph.] A chromolithograph.
Chro"mo*blast (?), n. [Gr. &?;
color + -blast.] An embryonic cell which develops
into a pigment cell.
Chro"mo*gen (?), [Gr. &?; color + -gen.]
1. (Biol.) Vegetable coloring
matter other than green; chromule.
2. (Chem.) Any colored compound,
supposed to contain one or more chromophores.
Chro"mo*gen"ic (?), a.
(Biol.) Containing, or capable of forming, chromogen;
as, chromogenic bacteria.
Chro"mo*graph (?), n. [Gr. &?;
color + -graph.] An apparatus by which a number of
copies of written matter, maps, plans, etc., can be made; --
called also hectograph.
Chro`mo*leu"cite (?), n. [Gr. &?;
color + E. leucite.] (Bot.) A
chromoplastid.
Chro`mo*lith"o*graph (?), n. [Gr.
&?; color + E. lithograph.] A picture printed in
tints and colors by repeated impressions from a series of stones
prepared by the lithographic process.
Chro`mo*li*thog"ra*pher (?), n.
One who is engaged in chromolithography.
Chro"mo*lith`o*graph"ic (?), a.
Pertaining to, or made by, chromolithography.
Chro"mo*li*thog"ra*phy (?), n.
Lithography adapted to printing in inks of various
colors.
Chro"mo*phane (?), n. [Gr. &?;
color + &?; to show.] (Physiol.) A general name for
the several coloring matters, red, green, yellow, etc., present
in the inner segments in the cones of the retina, held in
solution by fats, and slowly decolorized by light; distinct from
the photochemical pigments of the rods of the retina.
Chro"mo*phore (?), n. [Gr. &?;
color + &?; to bear.] (Chem.) Any chemical group or
residue (as NO2; N2; or O2)
which imparts some decided color to the compound of which it is
an ingredient.
Chro`mo*pho*tog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr.
&?; color + E. photography.] The art of producing
photographs in colors.
Chro"mo*pho`to*lith"o*graph (?), n.
A photolithograph printed in colors.
Chro`mo*plas"tid (?), n. [Gr. &?; +
E. plastid.] (Bot.) A protoplasmic granule of
some other color than green; -- also called
chromoleucite.
Chro"mo*some` (?), n. [Gr. &?;
color + &?; the body.] (Biol.) One of the minute
bodies into which the chromatin of the nucleus is resolved during
mitotic cell division; the idant of Weismann.
Chro"mo*sphere (?), n. [Gr. &?;
color + E. sphere.] (Astron.) An atmosphere of
rare matter, composed principally of incandescent hydrogen gas,
surrounding the sun and enveloping the photosphere. Portions of
the chromosphere are here and there thrown up into enormous
tongues of flame.
Chro`mo*spher"ic (?), a. Of or
pertaining to the chromosphere.
Chro"mo*type (?), n. [Gr. &?; color
+ -type.] 1. A sheet printed in
colors by any process, as a chromolithograph. See
Chromolithograph.
2. A photographic picture in the natural
colors.
Chro"mous (?), a. Of,
pertaining to, or derived from, chromium, when this element has a
valence lower than that in chromic compounds.
Chromous acid, a bluish gray powder,
CrO.OH, of weak acid properties and regard as an acid.
Chro"mule (?), n. [Gr. &?; color +
&?; matter.] (Bot.) A general name for coloring
matter of plants other than chlorophyll, especially that of
petals.
Chron"ic (?), a. [L.
chronicus, Gr. &?; concerning time, from &?; time: cf. F.
chronique.] 1. Relating to time;
according to time.
2. Continuing for a long time; lingering;
habitual.
Chronic disease, one which is
inveterate, of long continuance, or progresses slowly, in
distinction from an acute disease, which speedly
terminates.
Chron"ic*al (?), a.
Chronic.
Partly on a chronical, and partly on a
topical method.
J. A. Alexander.
Chron"i*cle (?), n. [OE.
cronicle, fr. cronique, OF. cronique, F.
chronique, L. chronica, fr. Gr. &?;, neut. pl. of
&?;. See Chronic.] 1. An historical
register or account of facts or events disposed in the order of
time.
2. A narrative of events; a history; a
record.
3. pl. The two canonical books of
the Old Testament in which immediately follow 2 Kings.
Syn. - Register; record; annals. See
History.
Chron"i*cle, v. t. [imp. &
p. p. Chronicled (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Chronicling (?).] To record in a history
or chronicle; to record; to register. Shak.
Chron"i*cler (?), n. A writer
of a chronicle; a recorder of events in the order of time; an
historian.
Such an honest chronicler as Griffith.
Shak.
||Chro`nique" (?), n. [F. See
Chronicle.] A chronicle. L.
Addison.
Chron"o*gram (?), n. [Gr. &?; time
+ &?; writing, character: cf. F. chronogramme.]
1. An inscription in which certain numeral
letters, made to appear specially conspicuous, on being added
together, express a particular date or epoch, as in the motto of
a medal struck by Gustavus Adolphus in 1632:
ChrIstVs DVX; ergo trIVMphVs.
- the capitals of which give, when added as numerals, the sum
1632.
2. The record or inscription made by a
chronograph.
{ Chron`o*gram*mat"ic (?),
Chron`o*gram*mat"ic*al (?), } a. [Cf.
F. chronogrammatique.] Belonging to a chronogram, or
containing one.
Chron`o*gram"ma*tist (?), n. A
writer of chronograms.
Chron"o*graph (?), n. [Gr. &?; time
+ -graph: cf. F. chronographe.] 1.
An instrument for measuring or recording intervals of time,
upon a revolving drum or strip of paper moved by clockwork. The
action of the stylus or pen is controlled by
electricity.
2. Same as Chronogram, 1.
[R.]
3. A chronoscope.
Chro*nog"ra*pher (?), n. One
who writes a chronography; a chronologer.
Tooke.
Chron`o*graph"ic (?), a. Of or
pertaining to a chronograph.
Chro*nog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. &?;.
See Chronograph.] A description or record of past
time; history. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.
Chro*nol"o*ger (?), n. Same as
Chronologist.
{ Chron`o*log"ic (?), Chron`o*log"ic*al (?),
} a. [Gr. &?;.] Relating to chronology;
containing an account of events in the order of time; according
to the order of time; as, chronological tables.
Raleigh. -- Chron`o*log"ic*al*ly,
adv.
{ Chro*nol"o*gist (?), Chro*nol"o*ger (?) },
n. [Gr. &?;.] A person who investigates
dates of events and transactions; one skilled in
chronology.
That learned noise and dust of the
chronologist is wholly to be avoided.
Locke.
THe most exact chronologers tell us that
Christ was born in October, and not in December.
John Knox.
Chro*nol"o*gy (?), n.; pl.
Chronologies (#). [Gr. &?;; &?; time + &?;
discourse: cf. F. chronologie.] The science which
treats of measuring time by regular divisions or periods, and
which assigns to events or transactions their proper
dates.
If history without chronology is dark and
confused, chronology without history is dry and
insipid.
A. Holmes.
Chro*nom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. &?;
time + -meter: cf. F. chronomètre.]
1. An instrument for measuring time; a
timekeeper.
2. A portable timekeeper, with a heavy
compensation balance, and usually beating half seconds; --
intended to keep time with great accuracy for use an astronomical
observations, in determining longitude, etc.
3. (Mus.) A metronome.
Box chronometer. See under
Box. -- Pocket chronometer, a
chronometer in the form of a large watch. -- To rate
a chronometer. See Rate, v.
t.
{ Chron`o*met"ric (?), Chron`o*met"ric*al
(?), } a. [Cf. F.
chronométrique.] Pertaining to a chronometer;
measured by a chronometer.
Chro*nom"e*try (?), n. [Cf. F.
chronométrie.] The art of measuring time; the
measuring of time by periods or divisions.
Chron"o*pher (?), n. [Gr. &?; time
+ &?; to carry.] An instrument signaling the correct time to
distant points by electricity.
Chron"o*scope (?), n. [Gr. &?; time
+ -scope.] An instrument for measuring minute
intervals of time; used in determining the velocity of
projectiles, the duration of short-lived luminous phenomena,
etc.
Chrys"a*lid (?), a. Pertaining
to a chrysalis; resembling a chrysalis.
Chrys"a*lid, n.; pl.
Chrysalids. See
Chrysalis.
Chrys"a*lis (?), n.; pl.
Chrysalides (#). [L. chrysallis the
gold-colored pupa of butterflies, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; gold. Cf.
Aurelia.] (Zoöl.) The pupa state of
certain insects, esp. of butterflies, from which the perfect
insect emerges. See Pupa, and Aurelia
(a).
Chrys*an"i*line (?), n. [Gr.
chryso`s gold + E. anilene.] (Chem.)
A yellow substance obtained as a by-product in the
manufacture of rosaniline. It dyes silk a fine golden-yellow
color.
Chrys*an"the*mum (?), n. [L., fr.
Gr. &?;; chryso`s gold + &?; flower.] (Bot.)
A genus of composite plants, mostly perennial, and of many
species including the many varieties of garden chrysanthemums
(annual and perennial), and also the feverfew and the oxeye
daisy.
Chrys`a*ro"bin (?), n. [Gr.
chryso`s gold + araroba a foreign name of Goa
powder + -in.] (Chem.) A bitter, yellow
substance forming the essential constituent of Goa powder, and
yielding chrysophanic acid proper; hence formerly called also
chrysphanic acid.
Chrys*au"rin (?), n. [Gr.
chryso`s gold + L. aurum gold. So called from
its color.] An orange-colored dyestuff, of artificial
production.
Chrys`el*e*phan"tine (?), a. [Gr.
chryso`s gold + &?; made of ivory, fr. &?; ivory,
elephant.] Composed of, or adorned with, gold and
ivory.
&fist; The chryselephantine statues of the Greeks were
built up with inferior materials, veneered, as it were, with
ivory for the flesh, and gold decorated with color for the hair
and garments.
Chry"sene (?), n. [Gr.
chryso`s gold.] (Chem.) One of the higher
aromatic hydrocarbons of coal tar, allied to naphthalene and
anthracene. It is a white crystalline substance,
C18H12, of strong blue fluorescence, but
generally colored yellow by impurities.
Chrys"o*ber`yl (?), n. [L.
chrysoberyllus, Gr. &?;; chryso`s gold + &?;
beryl.] (Min.) A mineral, found in crystals, of a
yellow to green or brown color, and consisting of aluminia and
glucina. It is very hard, and is often used as a gem.
Chrys"o*chlore (?), n. [Gr.
chryso`s gold + chlwro`s light green: cf.
F. chrysochlore.] (Zoöl.) A South African
mole of the genus Chrysochloris; the golden mole, the fur
of which reflects brilliant metallic hues of green and
gold.
Chrys"o*col`la (?), n. [L., fr. Gr.
chryso`kolla gold solder; chryso`s gold +
&?; glue.] (Min.) A hydrous silicate of copper,
occurring massive, of a blue or greenish blue color.
Chrys"o*gen (?), n. [Gr.
chryso`s gold + -gen.] (Chem.) A
yellow crystalline substance extracted from crude
anthracene.
Chry*sog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. &?;;
chryso`s gold + &?; to write.] 1.
The art of writing in letters of gold.
2. A writing executed in letters of
gold.
Chrys*o"ï*dine (?), n. [Gr.
chryso`s gold + -oid + -ine.]
(Chem.) An artificial, yellow, crystalline dye,
C6H5N2.C6H3
(NH2)2. Also, one of a group of dyestuffs
resembling chrysoïdine proper.
Chrys"o*lite (?), n. [L.
chrysolithos, Gr. &?;; chryso`s gold + &?;
stone: cf. F. chrysolithe.] (Min.) A mineral,
composed of silica, magnesia, and iron, of a yellow to green
color. It is common in certain volcanic rocks; -- called also
olivine and peridot. Sometimes used as a gem. The
name was also early used for yellow varieties of tourmaline and
topaz.
Chry*sol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr.
chryso`s gold + -logy.] That branch of
political economy which relates to the production of
wealth.
||Chrys*o"pa (?), n. [NL., from Gr.
chryso`s gold + &?;, &?;, eye, face.]
(Zoöl.) A genus of neuropterous insects. See
Lacewing.
Chrys"o*phane (?), n. [Gr.
chryso`s gold + &?; to show.] (Chem.) A
glucoside extracted from rhubarb as a bitter, yellow, crystalline
powder, and yielding chrysophanic acid on
decomposition.
Chrys`o*phan"ic (?), a.
Pertaining to, or derived from, or resembling,
chrysophane.
Chrysophanic acid (Chem.), a
yellow crystalline substance extracted from rhubarb, yellow dock,
sienna, chrysarobin, etc., and shown to be a derivative of an
anthracene. It is used in the treatment of skin diseases; --
called also rhein, rheic acid, rhubarbarin,
etc.
Chrys"o*prase (?), n. [OE.
crisopace, OF. crisoprace, F. chrysoprase,
L. chrysoprasus, fr. Gr. &?;; chryso`s gold +
&?; leek.] (Min.) An apple-green variety of
chalcedony, colored by nickel. It has a dull flinty luster, and
is sometimes used in jewelry.
||Chry*sop"ra*sus (?), n. [L.]
See Chrysoprase. Rev. xxi. 20.
Chrys"o*sperm (?), n. [Gr.
chryso`s gold + &?; seed.] The seed of gold; a
means of creating gold. [Obs.] B. Jonson.
Chrys"o*type (?), n. [Gr.
chryso`s gold + -type.] 1.
A photographic picture taken upon paper prepared by the use
of a sensitive salt of iron and developed by the application of
chloride of gold. Abney.
2. 2process, invented by Sir
J.Herschel.
Chthon"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?;, &?;,
the earth.] Pertaining to the earth; earthy; as,
chthonic religions.
[The] chthonic character of the wife of
Zeus.
Max Müller.
{ ||Chthon`o*pha"gi*a (?), Chtho*noph"a*gy
(?), } n. [NL. chthonophagia; Gr. &?;,
&?;, earth + &?; to eat.] A disease characterized by an
irresistible desire to eat earth, observed in some parts of the
southern United States, the West Indies, etc.
Chub (?), n. [This word seems to
signify a large or thick fish. Cf. Sw. kubb a short and
thick piece of wood, and perh. F. chabot chub.]
(Zoöl.) A species to fresh-water fish of the
Cyprinidæ or Carp family. The common European
species is Leuciscus cephalus; the cheven. In America the
name is applied to various fishes of the same family, of the
genera Semotilus, Squalius, Ceratichthys,
etc., and locally to several very different fishes, as the
tautog, black bass, etc.
Chub mackerel (Zoöl.), a
species of mackerel (Scomber colias) in some years found
in abundance on the Atlantic coast, but absent in others; --
called also bull mackerel, thimble-eye, and big-
eye mackerel. -- Chub sucker
(Zoöl.), a fresh-water fish of the United States
(Erimyzon sucetta); -- called also
creekfish.
Chub"bed (?), a. Chubby.
[R.] H. Brooke.
Chub"bed*ness, n. The state of
being chubby.
Chub"by (?), a. Like a chub;
plump, short, and thick. "Chubby faces." I.
Taylor.
Chub"-faced` (?), a. Having a
plump, short face.
Chuck (chŭk), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Chucked (chŭkt);
p. pr. & vb. n. Chucking.] [Imitative of
the sound.] 1. To make a noise resembling
that of a hen when she calls her chickens; to cluck.
2. To chuckle; to laugh. [R.]
Marston.
Chuck, v. t. To call, as a hen
her chickens. Dryden.
Chuck, n. 1.
The chuck or call of a hen.
2. A sudden, small noise.
3. A word of endearment; -- corrupted
from chick. "Pray, chuck, come hither."
Shak.
Chuck, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Chucked (chŭkt); p. pr. & vb.
n. Chucking.] [F. choquer to strike. Cf.
Shock, v. t.] 1. To
strike gently; to give a gentle blow to.
Chucked the barmaid under the chin.
W. Irving.
2. To toss or throw smartly out of the
hand; to pitch. [Colloq.] "Mahomet Ali will just be
chucked into the Nile." Lord Palmerson.
3. (Mech.) To place in a chuck, or
hold by means of a chuck, as in turning; to bore or turn (a hole)
in a revolving piece held in a chuck.
Chuck, n. 1. A
slight blow or pat under the chin.
2. A short throw; a toss.
3. (Mach.) A contrivance or
machine fixed to the mandrel of a lathe, for holding a tool or
the material to be operated upon.
Chuck farthing, a play in which a
farthing is pitched into a hole; pitch farthing. --
Chuck hole, a deep hole in a wagon
rut. -- Elliptic chuck, a chuck having
a slider and an eccentric circle, which, as the work turns round,
give it a sliding motion across the center which generates an
ellipse. Knight.
Chuck (chŭk), n.
1. A small pebble; -- called also
chuckstone and chuckiestone. [Scot.]
2. pl. A game played with chucks,
in which one or more are tossed up and caught; jackstones.
[Scot.]
Chuck, n. A piece of the
backbone of an animal, from between the neck and the collar bone,
with the adjoining parts, cut for cooking; as, a chuck
steak; a chuck roast. [Colloq.]
Chuc"kle (?), v. t. [imp. &
p. p. Chuckled (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Chuckling (?).] [From 1st Chuck.]
1. To call, as a hen her chickens; to
cluck. [Obs.] Dryden.
2. To fondle; to cocker. [Obs.]
Dryden.
Chuc"kle, n. A short,
suppressed laugh; the expression of satisfaction, exultation, or
derision.
Chuc"kle, v. i. [From 1st
Chuck.] To laugh in a suppressed or broken manner, as
expressing inward satisfaction, exultation, or
derision.
Chuc"kle*head` (?), n. A
person with a large head; a numskull; a dunce. [Low]
Knowles.
Chuc"kle*head`ed, a. Having a
large head; thickheaded; dull; stupid. Smart.
Chuck`-Will's-wid"ow (?), n.
(Zool.) A species of goatsucker (Antrostomus
Carolinensis), of the southern United States; -- so called
from its note.
Chud (?), v. t. [Cf. Chew,
Cud.] To champ; to bite. [Obs.] A.
Stafford.
Chu"et (?), n. [From Chew,
v. t.] Minced meat. [Obs.] Bacon.
||Chu"fa (?), n. [Sp.]
(Bot.) A sedgelike plant (Cyperus esculentus)
producing edible tubers, native about the Mediterranean, now
cultivated in many regions; the earth almond.
Chuff (?), n. [Perh. a modification
of chub: cf. W. cyff stock, stump.] A coarse
or stupid fellow. Shak.
Chuff, a. Stupid;
churlish. [Prov. Eng.] Wright.
Chuff"i*ly (?), adv.
Clownishly; surlily.
Chuff"i*ness, n. The quality
of being chuffy.
Chuff"y (?), a. 1.
Fat or puffed out in the cheeks.
2. Rough; clownish; surly.
Chu"lan (?), n. (Bot.)
The fragrant flowers of the Chloranthus inconspicuus,
used in China for perfuming tea.
Chum (?), n. [Perh. a contraction
fr. comrade or chamber fellow: cf. also AS.
cuma a comer, guest.] A roommate, especially in a
college or university; an old and intimate friend.
Chum, v. i. [imp. p.
p. Chummed (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Chumming.] To occupy a chamber with
another; as, to chum together at college. [U.
S.]
Chum, n. Chopped pieces of
fish used as bait. [U. S.]
Chump (?), n. [Cf. Icel.
kumbr a chopping, E. chop.] A short, thick,
heavy piece of wood. Morton.
Chump end, the thick end; as, the
chump end of a joint of meat. Dickens.
||Chu*nam" (?), n. [Hind.
chūnā, from Skr. cūrn.a powder,
dust; or a Dravidian word.] Quicklime; also, plaster or
mortar. [India] Whitworth.
Chunk (?), n. [Cf. Chump.]
A short, thick piece of anything. [Colloq. U. S. &
Prov. Eng.]
Chunk"y (?), a. Short and
thick. [U. S.] Kane.
Church (?), n. [OE. chirche,
chireche, cherche, Scot. kirk, from AS.
circe, cyrice; akin to D. kerk, Icel.
kirkja, Sw. kyrka, Dan. kirke, G.
kirche, OHG. chirihha; all fr. Gr. &?; the Lord's
house, fr. &?; concerning a master or lord, fr. &?; master, lord,
fr. &?; power, might; akin to Skr. çūra hero,
Zend. çura strong, OIr. caur, cur,
hero. Cf. Kirk.]
1. A building set apart for Christian
worship.
2. A Jewish or heathen temple.
[Obs.] Acts xix. 37.
3. A formally organized body of Christian
believers worshiping together. "When they had ordained them
elders in every church." Acts xiv. 23.
4. A body of Christian believers, holding
the same creed, observing the same rites, and acknowledging the
same ecclesiastical authority; a denomination; as, the Roman
Catholic church; the Presbyterian church.
5. The collective body of
Christians.
6. Any body of worshipers; as, the Jewish
church; the church of Brahm.
7. The aggregate of religious influences
in a community; ecclesiastical influence, authority, etc.; as, to
array the power of the church against some moral
evil.
Remember that both church and state are
properly the rulers of the people, only because they are their
benefactors.
Bulwer.
&fist; Church is often used in composition to denote
something belonging or relating to the church; as, church
authority; church history; church member;
church music, etc.
Apostolic church. See under
Apostolic. -- Broad church. See
Broad Church. -- Catholic or
Universal church, the whole body
of believers in Christ throughout the world. --
Church of England, or English
church, the Episcopal church established and
endowed in England by law. -- Church
living, a benefice in an established church. -
- Church militant. See under
Militant. -- Church owl
(Zoöl.), the white owl. See Barn owl.
-- Church rate, a tax levied on
parishioners for the maintenance of the church and its
services. -- Church session. See under
Session. -- Church triumphant.
See under Triumphant. -- Church
work, work on, or in behalf of, a church; the work
of a particular church for the spread of religion. --
Established church, the church maintained
by the civil authority; a state church.
Church, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Churched (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Churching.] To bless according to a
prescribed form, or to unite with in publicly returning thanks in
church, as after deliverance from the dangers of childbirth; as,
the churching of women.
Church"-ale` (?), n. A church
or parish festival (as in commemoration of the dedication of a
church), at which much ale was used. Wright.
Nares.
Church"-bench` (?), n. A seat
in the porch of a church. Shak.
Church"dom (?), n. The
institution, government, or authority of a church. [R.]
Bp. Pearson.
Church"go`er (?), n. One who
attends church.
Church"go`ing, a.
1. Habitually attending church.
2. Summoning to church.
The sound of the churchgoing bell.
Cowper.
Church"-haw` (?), n. [Church
+ haw a yard.] Churchyard. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Church"ism (?), n. Strict
adherence to the forms or principles of some church organization;
sectarianism.
Church"less (?), a. Without a
church. T. Fuller.
Church"like` (?), a. Befitting
a church or a churchman; becoming to a clergyman.
Shak.
Church"li*ness (?), n. Regard
for the church.
Church"ly, a. Pertaining to,
or suitable for, the church; ecclesiastical.
Church"man (?), n.; pl.
Churchmen (#). 1. An
ecclesiastic or clergyman.
2. An Episcopalian, or a member of the
Established Church of England. "A zealous
churchman." Macaulay.
3. One was is attached to, or attends,
church.
Church"man*ly, a. Pertaining
to, or becoming, a churchman. Milman.
Church"man*ship, n. The state
or quality of being a churchman; attachment to the
church.
Church" modes` (?). (Mus.) The modes or
scales used in ancient church music. See
Gregorian.
Church"ship, n. State of being
a church. South.
Church"ward`en (?), n.
1. One of the officers (usually two) in an
Episcopal church, whose duties vary in different dioceses, but
always include the provision of what is necessary for the
communion service.
2. A clay tobacco pipe, with a long
tube. [Slang, Eng.]
There was a small wooden table placed in front of
the smoldering fire, with decanters, a jar of tobacco, and two
long churchwardens.
W. Black.
Church"ward`en*ship, n. The
office of a churchwarden.
Church"y, a. Relating to a
church; unduly fond of church forms. [Colloq.]
Church"yard` (?), n. The
ground adjoining a church, in which the dead are buried; a
cemetery.
Like graves in the holy churchyard.
Shak.
Syn. -- Burial place; burying ground; graveyard;
necropolis; cemetery; God's acre.
Churl (?), n. [AS. ceorl a
freeman of the lowest rank, man, husband; akin to D.
karel, kerel, G. kerl, Dan. & Sw.
karl, Icel. karl, and to the E. proper name
Charles (orig., man, male), and perh. to
Skr. jāra lover. Cf. Carl, Charles's
Wain.] 1. A rustic; a countryman or
laborer. "A peasant or churl." Spenser.
Your rank is all reversed; let men of cloth
Bow to the stalwart churls in overalls.
Emerson.
2. A rough, surly, ill-bred man; a
boor.
A churl's courtesy rarely comes, but either
for gain or falsehood.
Sir P. Sidney.
3. A selfish miser; an illiberal person;
a niggard.
Like to some rich churl hoarding up his
pelf.
Drayton.
Churl, a. Churlish; rough;
selfish. [Obs.] Ford.
Churl"ish, a. 1.
Like a churl; rude; cross-grained; ungracious; surly;
illiberal; niggardly. "Churlish benefits." Ld.
Burleigh.
Half mankind maintain a churlish
strife.
Cowper.
2. Wanting pliancy; unmanageable;
unyielding; not easily wrought; as, a churlish soil; the
churlish and intractable nature of some minerals.
Boyle.
Churl"ish*ly, adv. In a
churlish manner.
Churl"ish*ness, n. Rudeness of
manners or temper; lack of kindness or courtesy.
Churl"y (?), a. Rude;
churlish; violent. Longfellow.
{ Churme (?), Chirm (?) },
n. [See Chirm.] Clamor, or confused
noise; buzzing. [Obs.]
The churme of a thousand taunts and
reproaches.
Bacon.
Churn (chûrn), n. [OE.
chirne, cherne, AS. ceren, cyrin;
akin to D. karn, Dan. kierne. See Churn,
v. t.] A vessel in which milk or cream is
stirred, beaten, or otherwise agitated (as by a plunging or
revolving dasher) in order to separate the oily globules from the
other parts, and obtain butter.
Churn, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Churned (chûrnd); p. pr. & vb.
n. Churning.] [OE. chernen, AS.
cernan; akin to LG. karnen, G. kernen, D.
karnen, Dan. kierne, Sw. kärna, and
also to E. corn, kernel, the meaning coming from
the idea of extracting the kernel or marrow. See Kernel.]
1. To stir, beat, or agitate, as milk or
cream in a churn, in order to make butter.
2. To shake or agitate with
violence.
Churned in his teeth, the foamy venom
rose.
Addison.
Churn, v. i. To perform the
operation of churning.
Churn"ing, n. 1.
The act of one who churns.
2. The quantity of butter made at one
operation.
||Chur"rus (?), n. [Hind.
charas.] A powerfully narcotic and intoxicating gum
resin which exudes from the flower heads, seeds, etc., of Indian
hemp.
Churr"worm` (?), n. [AS.
cyrran, cerran, to turn.] (Zoöl.)
An insect that turns about nimbly; the mole cricket; --
called also fan cricket. Johnson.
Chuse (?), v. t. See
Choose. [Obs.]
Chute (?), n. [F. chute,
prop. a fall.] 1. A framework, trough, or
tube, upon or through which objects are made to slide from a
higher to a lower level, or through which water passes to a
wheel.
2. See Shoot.
{ Chut"ney (?), Chut"nee (?), }
n. [Hind. chatnī.] A warm or
spicy condiment or pickle made in India, compounded of various
vegetable substances, sweets, acids, etc.
Chy*la"ceous (?), a.
(Physiol.) Possessed of the properties of chyle;
consisting of chyle.
Chy*la"que*ous (?), a.
[Chyle + aqueous.] (Zoöl.)
Consisting of chyle much diluted with water; -- said of a
liquid which forms the circulating fluid of some inferior
animals.
Chyle (?), n. [NL. chylus,
Gr. &?; juice, chyle, fr. &?; to pour: cf. F. chyle; prob.
akin to E. fuse to melt.] (Physiol.) A milky
fluid containing the fatty matter of the food in a state of
emulsion, or fine mechanical division; formed from chyme by the
action of the intestinal juices. It is absorbed by the lacteals,
and conveyed into the blood by the thoracic duct.
Chyl`i*fac"tion (?), n.
[Chyle + L. facere to make.] (Physiol.)
The act or process by which chyle is formed from food in
animal bodies; chylification, -- a digestive process.
Chyl`i*fac"tive (?), a.
(Physiol.) Producing, or converting into, chyle;
having the power to form chyle.
Chy*lif"er*ous (?), a.
[Chyle + -ferous: cf. F. chylifère.]
(Physiol.) Transmitting or conveying chyle; as,
chyliferous vessels.
Chy*lif"ic (?), a.
Chylifactive.
Chyl`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n.
(Physiol.) The formation of chyle. See
Chylifaction.
Chy*lif"i*ca*to*ry (? or ?), a.
Chylifactive.
Chy"li*fy (?), v. t. & i.
[Chyle + -ly.] (Physiol.) To make chyle
of; to be converted into chyle.
Chy`lo*po*et"ic (?), a. [Gr.
chylopoiei^n to make into juice, chylo`s
juice, chyle + poiei^n to make.] (Physiol.)
Concerned in the formation of chyle; as, the
chylopoetic organs.
Chy"lous (?), a. [Cf. F.
chyleux.] (Physiol.) Consisting of, or similar
to, chyle.
||Chy*lu"ri*a (?), n. [NL. from Gr.
&?; chyle + &?; urine.] (Med.) A morbid condition in
which the urine contains chyle or fatty matter, giving it a milky
appearance.
Chyme (?), n. [L. chymus
chyle, Gr. &?; juice, like &?;, fr. &?; to pour: cf. F.
chyme. See Chyle.] (Physiol.) The pulpy
mass of semi-digested food in the small intestines just after its
passage from the stomach. It is separated in the intestines into
chyle and excrement. See Chyle.
{ Chym"ic (?), Chym"ist,
Chym"is*try (?). } [Obs.] See Chemic,
Chemist, Chemistry.
Chy*mif"er*ous (?), a.
[Chyme + -ferous.] (Physiol.) Bearing
or containing chyme.
Chym`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n.
[Chyme + L. facere to make: cf. F.
Chymification.] (Physiol.) The conversion of
food into chyme by the digestive action of gastric
juice.
Chym"i*fy (?), v. t. [Chyme
+ -fy: cf. F. chymifier.] (Physiol.) To
form into chyme.
Chy"mous (?), a. Of or
pertaining to chyme.
Chy*om"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. &?; to
pour + -meter.] (Chem.) An instrument for
measuring liquids. It consists of a piston moving in a tube in
which is contained the liquid, the quantity expelled being
indicated by the graduation upon the piston rod.
Ci*ba"ri*ous (?), a. [L.
cibaruus, fr. cibus food.] Pertaining to food;
edible. Johnson.
Ci*ba"tion (?), n. [L.
cibatio, fr. cibare to feed.] 1.
The act of taking food.
2. (Alchemy) The process or
operation of feeding the contents of the crucible with fresh
material. B. Jonson.
Cib"ol (?), n. [F. ciboule,
LL. cepula, cepola, dim. of L. cepa,
caepa, caepe, an onion. Cf. Chibbal,
Cives.] A perennial alliaceous plant (Allium
fistulosum), sometimes called Welsh onion. Its
fistular leaves areused in cookery.
||Ci*bo"ri*um (?), n.: pl.
Ciboria (#). [LL., fr. L. ciborium a
cup, fr. Gr. &?; a seed vessel of the Egyptian bean; also, a cup
made from its largeleaves, or resembling its seed vessel in
shape.] 1. (Arch.) A canopy usually
standing free and supported on four columns, covering the high
altar, or, very rarely, a secondary altar.
2. (R. C. Ch.) The coffer or case
in which the host is kept; the pyx.
Ci*ca"da (s&ibreve;*kā"d&adot;),
n.; pl. E. Cicadas (-
d&adot;z), L. Cicadæ (-dē). [L.]
(Zoöl.) Any species of the genus Cicada.
They are large hemipterous insects, with nearly transparent
wings. The male makes a shrill sound by peculiar organs in the
under side of the abdomen, consisting of a pair of stretched
membranes, acted upon by powerful muscles. A noted American
species (C. septendecim) is called the seventeen year
locust. Another common species is the dogday
cicada.
||Ci*ca"la (ch&esl;*kä"l&adot;),
n. [It., fr. L. cicada.] A cicada.
See Cicada. "At eve a dry cicala sung."
Tennison.
Cic"a*trice (?), n. [F., fr. L.
cicatrix.] A cicatrix.
Cic`a*tri"cial (?), a.
(Med.) Relating to, or having the character of, a
cicatrix. Dunglison.
Cic"a*tri`cle (?), n. [Cf. F.
cicatricule, fr. L. cicatricula a small scar, fr.
cicatrix a scar.] (Biol.) The germinating
point in the embryo of a seed; the point in the yolk of an egg at
which development begins.
Cic"a*tri`sive (?), a. Tending
to promote the formation of a cicatrix; good for healing of a
wound.
||Ci*ca"trix (?), n.; pl.
Cicatrices (#). [L.] (Med.) The
pellicle which forms over a wound or breach of continuity and
completes the process of healing in the latter, and which
subsequently contracts and becomes white, forming the
scar.
Cic"a*tri`zant (?), n. [Cf. F.
cicatrisant, properly p. pr. of cicatriser.]
(Med.) A medicine or application that promotes the
healing of a sore or wound, or the formation of a
cicatrix.
Cic`a*tri*za"tion (?), n. [Cf. F.
cicatrisation.] (Med.) The process of forming
a cicatrix, or the state of being cicatrized.
Cic"a*trize (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Cicatrized (?); p.
pr. & vb. n. Cicatrizing.] [Cf. F.
cicatriser, fr. cicatrice, L. cicatrix,
scar.] (Med.) To heal or induce the formation of a
cicatrix in, as in wounded or ulcerated flesh.
Wiseman.
Cic"a*trize, v. i. (Med.)
To heal; to have a new skin.
Cic"a*trose` (?), a. Full of
scars. Craig.
Cic"e*ly (?), n. [L.
seselis, Gr. &?;, &?;; perh. ultimately of Egyptian
origin.] (Bot.) Any one of several umbelliferous
plants, of the genera Myrrhis, Osmorrhiza,
etc.
Cic"e*ro (?), n. (Print.)
Pica type; -- so called by French printers.
||Ci`ce*ro"ne (?), n.; pl.
It. Ciceroni (#), E.
Cicerones (#). [It., fr. L. Cicero, the
Roman orator. So called from the ordinary talkativeness of such a
guide.] One who shows strangers the curiosities of a place;
a guide.
Every glib and loquacious hireling who shows
strangers about their picture galleries, palaces, and ruins, is
termed by them [the Italians] a cicerone, or a Cicero.
Trench.
Cic`e*ro"ni*an (?), a. [L.
Ciceronianus, fr. Cicero, the orator.]
Resembling Cicero in style or action; eloquent.
Cic`e*ro"ni*an*ism (?), n.
Imitation of, or resemblance to, the style or action Cicero;
a Ciceronian phrase or expression. "Great study in
Ciceronianism, the chief abuse of Oxford." Sir P.
Sidney.
Cich`o*ra"ceous (?), a. [See
Chicory.] Belonging to, or resembling, a suborder of
composite plants of which the chicory (Cichorium) is the
type.
Cich"-pea` (?), n. The chick-
pea. Holland.
Ci*cis"be*ism (?), n. The
state or conduct of a cicisbeo.
||Ci`cis*be"o (?), n.; pl.
It. Cicisbei (#). [It.]
1. A professed admirer of a married
woman; a dangler about women.
2. A knot of silk or ribbon attached to a
fan, walking stick, etc. [Obs.]
Cic"la*toun` (?), n. [Of.
ciclaton.] A costly cloth, of uncertain material,
used in the Middle Ages. [Obs.] [Written also
checklaton, chekelatoun.]
His robe was of ciclatoun,
That coste many a Jane.
Chaucer.
Cic"u*rate (?), v. t. [L.
cicurare to tame, fr. cicur tame.] To
tame. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.
Cic`u*ra"tion (?), n. [Cf. F.
cicuration.] The act of taming. [Obs.]
Ray.
||Ci*cu"ta (?), n. [L., the poison
hemlock.] (Bot.) a genus of poisonous umbelliferous
plants, of which the water hemlock or cowbane is best
known.
&fist; The name cicuta is sometimes erroneously applied
to Conium maculatum, or officinal hemlock.
Cic`u*tox"in (?), n. (Chem.)
The active principle of the water hemlock
(Cicuta) extracted as a poisonous gummy
substance.
Cid (?), n. [Sp., fr. Ar.
seid lord.]
1. Chief or commander; in Spanish
literature, a title of Ruy Diaz, Count of Bivar, a champion of
Christianity and of the old Spanish royalty, in the 11th
century.
2. An epic poem, which celebrates the
exploits of the Spanish national hero, Ruy Diaz.
Ci"der (?), n. [F. cidre,
OF. sidre, fr. L. sicera a kind of strong drink, Gr. &?;;
of Oriental origin; cf. Heb. shākar to be
intoxicated, shēkār strong drink.] The
expressed juice of apples. It is used as a beverage, for making
vinegar, and for other purposes.
&fist; Cider was formerly used to signify the juice of
other fruits, and other kinds of strong liquor, but was not
applied to wine.
Cider brandy, a kind of brandy distilled
from cider. -- Cider mill, a mill in
which cider is made. -- Cider press,
the press of a cider mill.
Ci`der*ist, n. A maker of
cider. [Obs.] Mortimer.
Ci"der*kin (?), n. [Cider +
-kin.] A kind of weak cider made by steeping the
refuse pomace in water.
Ciderkin is made for common drinking, and
supplies the place of small beer.
Mortimer.
||Ci`-de*vant" (?), a. [F.,
hitherto, formerly.] Former; previous; of times gone by; as,
a ci-devant governor.
||Cierge (?), n. [F., fr. L.
cera wax.] A wax candle used in religous
rites.
Ci*gar" (s&ibreve;*gär"), n.
[Sp. cigarro, orig., a kind of tobacco in the island of
Cuba: cf. F. cigare.] A small roll of tobacco, used
for smoking.
Cigar fish (Zoöl.), a fish
(Decapterus punctatus), allied to the mackerel, found on
the coast of the Gulf of Mexico.
Cig`a*rette" (?), n. [F.
cigarette.] A little cigar; a little fine tobacco
rolled in paper for smoking.
||Cil"i*a (?), n. pl.
Cilium, the sing., is rarely used. [L. cilium
eyelid.] 1. (Anat.) The
eyelashes.
2. (Biol.) Small, generally
microscopic, vibrating appendages lining certain organs, as the
air passages of the higher animals, and in the lower animals
often covering also the whole or a part of the exterior. They are
also found on some vegetable organisms. In the Infusoria, and
many larval forms, they are locomotive organs.
3. (Bot.) Hairlike processes,
commonly marginal and forming a fringe like the
eyelash.
4. (Zoöl.) Small, vibratory,
swimming organs, somewhat resembling true cilia, as those of
Ctenophora.
Cil"ia*ry (?), a. [Cf. F.
ciliaire.]
1. (Anat.) Pertaining to the
cilia, or eyelashes. Also applied to special parts of the eye
itself; as, the ciliary processes of the choroid coat; the
ciliary muscle, etc.
2. (Biol.) Pertaining to or
connected with the cilia in animal or vegetable organisms; as,
ciliary motion.
||Cil`i*a"ta (?), n. pl. [NL. See
Cilia.] (Zoöl.) One of the orders of
Infusoria, characterized by having cilia. In some species the
cilia cover the body generally, in others they form a band around
the mouth.
{ Cil"i*ate (?), Cil"i*a`ted (?), }
a. Provided with, or surrounded by, cilia;
as, a ciliate leaf; endowed with vibratory motion; as, the
ciliated epithelium of the windpipe.
Cil"ice (?), n. [F. See
Cilicious.] A kind of haircloth undergarment.
Southey.
Ci*li"cian (?), a. Of or
pertaining to Cilicia in Asia Minor. --
n. A native or inhabitant of
Cilicia.
Ci*li"cious (?), a. [L.
cilicium a covering, orig. made of Cilician goat's hair,
fr. Cilicious Cilician, fr. Cilicia, a province of
Asia Minor.] Made, or consisting, of hair. [Obs.]
A Cilicious or sackcloth habit.
Sir T. Browne.
{ Cil"i*form (?), Cil"i*i*form` (?), }
a. [Cilium + -form] Having
the form of cilia; very fine or slender.
Cil"i*o*grade (?), a.
[Cilium + L. gradi to step: cf. F.
ciliograde.] (Zoöl.) Moving by means of
cilia, or cilialike organs; as, the ciliograde
Medusæ.
||Cil"i*um (?), n. [L., eyelid.]
See Cilia.
Cill (?), n. See Sill.,
n. a foundation.
||Cil*lo"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. L.
cilium eyelid.] (Med.) A spasmodic trembling
of the upper eyelid.
Ci"ma (?), n. (Arch.) A
kind of molding. See Cyma.
Ci*mar" (?), n. See
Simar.
Cim"bal (?), n. [It.
ciambella.] A kind of confectionery or cake.
[Obs.] Nares.
Cim"bi*a (?), n. (Arch.)
A fillet or band placed around the shaft of a column as if
to strengthen it. [Written also cimia.]
Cim"bri*an (?), a. Of or
pertaining to the Cimbri. -- n. One
of the Cimbri. See Cimbric.
Cim"bric (?), a. Pertaining to
the Cimbri, an ancient tribe inhabiting Northern
Germany. -- n. The language of the
Cimbri.
Ci*me"li*arch (?), n. [L.
cimeliarcha, Gr. &?;, treasurer.] A superintendent or
keeper of a church's valuables; a churchwarden. [Obs.]
Bailey.
Cim"e*ter (?), n. See
Scimiter.
||Ci"mex (?), n.; pl.
Cimices (#). [L., a bug.] (Zoöl.)
A genus of hemipterous insects of which the bedbug is the
best known example. See Bedbug.
Cim"i*a (?), n. (Arch.)
See Cimbia.
Ci"miss (?), n. [L. cimex,
-icis, a bug.] (Zoöl.) The bedbug.
[Obs.] Wright.
Cim*me"ri*an (?), a. [L.
Cimmerius.] [Written also Kimmerian.]
1. Pertaining to the Cimmerii, a fabulous
people, said to have lived, in very ancient times, in profound
and perpetual darkness.
2. Without any light; intensely
dark.
In dark Cimmerian desert ever dwell.
Milton.
Cim"o*lite (?), n. [Gr. &?; (sc.
&?;) Cimolian earth, fr. &?;, L. Cimolus, an island of the
Cyclades.] (Min.) A soft, earthy, clayey mineral, of
whitish or grayish color.
Cinch (?), n. [Sp. cincha,
fr. L. cingere to gird.]
1. A strong saddle girth, as of
canvas. [West. U. S.]
2. A tight grip. [Colloq.]
Cin*cho"na (?), n. [So named from
the wife of Count Chinchon, viceroy of Peru in the
seventeenth century, who by its use was freed from an
intermittent fever, and after her return to Spain, contributed to
the general propagation of this remedy.] 1.
(Bot.) A genus of trees growing naturally on the
Andes in Peru and adjacent countries, but now cultivated in the
East Indies, producing a medicinal bark of great value.
2. (Med.) The bark of any species
of Cinchona containing three per cent. or more of bitter
febrifuge alkaloids; Peruvian bark; Jesuits' bark.
Cin`cho*na"ceous (?), a.
Allied or pertaining to cinchona, or to the plants that
produce it.
Cin*chon"ic (?), a. Belonging
to, or obtained from, cinchona. Mayne.
Cin*chon"i*dine (?), n. [From
Cinchona.] (Chem.) One of the quinine group of
alkaloids, found especially in red cinchona bark. It is a white
crystalline substance,
C19H22N2O, with a bitter taste
and qualities similar to, but weaker than, quinine; -- sometimes
called also cinchonidia.
Cin"cho*nine (?), n. [From
Cinchona: cf. F. cinchonine.] (Chem.)
One of the quinine group of alkaloids isomeric with and
resembling cinchonidine; -- called also
cinchonia.
Cin"cho*nism (?), n. [From
Cinchona.] (Med.) A condition produced by the
excessive or long-continued use of quinine, and marked by
deafness, roaring in the ears, vertigo, etc.
Cin"cho*nize (?), v. t. To
produce cinchonism in; to poison with quinine or with
cinchona.
Cin`cin*na"ti ep"och (?). (Geol.) An
epoch at the close of the American lower Silurian system. The
rocks are well developed near Cincinnati, Ohio. The group
includes the Hudson River and Lorraine shales of New
York.
Cinc"ture (?), n. [L.
cinctura, fr. cingere, cinctum, to gird.]
1. A belt, a girdle, or something worn round
the body, -- as by an ecclesiastic for confining the
alb.
2. That which encompasses or incloses; an
inclosure. "Within the cincture of one wall."
Bacon.
3. (Arch.) The fillet, listel, or
band next to the apophyge at the extremity of the shaft of a
column.
Cinc"tured (?), n. Having or
wearing a cincture or girdle.
Cin"der (s&ibreve;n"d&etilde;r), n.
[AS. sinder slag, dross; akin to Icel. sindr dross,
Sw. sinder, G. sinter, D. sintel; perh.
influenced by F. cendre ashes, fr. L. cinis. Cf.
Sinter.] 1. Partly burned or
vitrified coal, or other combustible, in which fire is
extinct.
2. A hot coal without flame; an
ember. Swift.
3. A scale thrown off in forging
metal.
4. The slag of a furnace, or scoriaceous
lava from a volcano.
Cinder frame, a framework of wire in
front of the tubes of a locomotive, to arrest the escape of
cinders. -- Cinder notch (Metal.),
the opening in a blast furnace, through which melted cinder
flows out.
Cin"der*y (?), a. Resembling,
or composed of, cinders; full of cinders.
Cin`e*fac"tion (?), n. [LL.
cinefactio: L. cinis ashes + facere to make:
cf. F. cinéfaction.] Cineration; reduction to
ashes. [Obs.]
{ Cin`e*mat"ic (?), Cin`e*mat"ic*al (?) },
a. See Kinematic.
Cin`e*mat"ics (?), n. sing.
See Kinematics.
Cin`er*a"ceous (?), a. [L.
cineraceus, fr. cinis ashes.] Like ashes; ash-
colored; cinereous.
||Cin`e*ra"ri*a (?), n. [NL., fr.
LL. cinerarius pert. to ashes, fr. cinis ashes. So
called from the ash-colored down on the leaves.] (Bot.)
A Linnæan genus of free-flowering composite plants,
mostly from South Africa. Several species are cultivated for
ornament.
Cin"er*a*ry (?), a. [L.
cinerarius, fr. cinis ashes.] Pertaining to
ashes; containing ashes.
Cinerary urns, vessels used by the
ancients to preserve the ashes of the dead when burned.
Cin`er*a"tion (?), n. [L.
cinis ashes: cf. F. cinération.] The
reducing of anything to ashes by combustion;
cinefaction.
Ci*ne"re*ous (?), a. [L.
cinereus, fr. cinis ashes.] Like ashes; ash-
colored; grayish.
Cin`er*es"cent (?), a.
Somewhat cinereous; of a color somewhat resembling that of
wood ashes.
Cin`er*i"tious (?), a. [L.
cineritius, cinericius, fr. cinis ashes.]
Like ashes; having the color of ashes, -- as the cortical
substance of the brain.
Ci*ner"u*lent (?), a. Full of
ashes. [Obs.]
Cin`ga*lese" (?), n. sing. & pl.
[Cf. F. Cingalais.] A native or natives of Ceylon
descended from its primitive inhabitants; also
(sing.), the language of the Cingalese. --
a. Of or pertaining to the
Cingalese. [Written also Singhalese.]
&fist; Ceylonese is applied to the inhabitants of the
island in general.
Cin"gle (?), n. [L. cingula,
cingulum, fr. cingere to gird.] A girth.
[R.] See Surcingle.
||Cin"gu*lum (?), n. [L., a
girdle.] (Zoöl.) (a) A distinct
girdle or band of color; a raised spiral line as seen on certain
univalve shells. (b) The clitellus of
earthworms. (c) The base of the crown
of a tooth.
Cin"na*bar (?), n. [L.
cinnabaris, Gr. &?;; prob. of Oriental origin; cf. Per.
qinbār, Hind. shangarf.]
1. (Min.) Red sulphide of mercury,
occurring in brilliant red crystals, and also in red or brown
amorphous masses. It is used in medicine.
2. The artificial red sulphide of mercury
used as a pigment; vermilion.
Cinnabar Græcorum (&?;). [L.
Graecorum, gen. pl., of the Greeks.] (Med.)
Same as Dragon's blood. -- Green
cinnabar, a green pigment consisting of the oxides
of cobalt and zinc subjected to the action of fire. --
Hepatic cinnabar (Min.), an impure
cinnabar of a liver-brown color and submetallic luster.
Cin"na*ba*rine (?), a. [Cf. F.
cinabarin.] Pertaining to, or resembling, cinnabar;
consisting of cinnabar, or containing it; as, cinnabarine
sand.
Cin"na*mene (?), n. [From
Cinnamic.] (Chem.) Styrene (which was formerly
called cinnamene because obtained from cinnamic acid). See
Styrene.
Cin*nam"ic (?), a. [From
Cinnamon.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or obtained
from, cinnamon.
Cinnamic acid (Chem.), a white,
crystalline, odorless substance.
C6H5.
C2H2C2H2.CO2H, formerly obtained from storax and oil of cinnamon, now made from
certain benzene derivatives in large quantities, and used for the
artificial production of indigo.
Cin`na*mom"ic (?), a. [L.
cinnamomum cinnamon.] (Chem.) See
Cinnamic.
Cin"na*mon (?), n. [Heb.
qinnāmōn; cf. Gr. &?;, &?;, cinnamomum,
cinnamon. The Heb. word itself seems to have been borrowed from
some other language; cf. Malay kājū
mānis sweet wood.] (a) The inner
bark of the shoots of Cinnamomum Zeylanicum, a tree
growing in Ceylon. It is aromatic, of a moderately pungent taste,
and is one of the best cordial, carminative, and restorative
spices. (b) Cassia.
Cinnamon stone (Min.), a variety
of garnet, of a cinnamon or hyacinth red color, sometimes used in
jewelry. -- Oil of cinnamon, a
colorless aromatic oil obtained from cinnamon and cassia, and
consisting essentially of cinnamic aldehyde,
C6H5.C2H2.CHO. -
- Wild cinnamon. See
Canella.
Cin"na*mone (?), n.
[Cinnamic + -one.] A yellow crystalline
substance, (C6H5.
C2H2)2CO, the ketone of cinnamic
acid.
Cin"na*myl (?), n. [Cinnamic
+ -yl.] (Chem.) The hypothetical radical,
(C6H5.
C2H2)2C, of cinnamic compounds.
[Formerly written also cinnamule.]
Cin"no*line (?), n.
[Cinnamic + quinoline.] A nitrogenous organic
base, C8H6N2, analogous to
quinoline, obtained from certain complex diazo
compounds.
Cinque (?), n. [F. cinq, fr.
L. quinque five. See Five.] Five; the number
five in dice or cards.
||Cin`que*cen"to (?), n. & a. [It.,
five hundred, abbrev. for fifteen hundred. The Cinquecento
style was so called because it arose after the year 1500.]
The sixteenth century, when applied to Italian art or
literature; as, the sculpture of the Cinquecento;
Cinquecento style.
Cinque"foil` (?), n. [Cinque
five + foil, F. feuille leaf. See Foil.]
1. (Bot.) The name of several
different species of the genus Potentilla; -- also called
five-finger, because of the resemblance of its leaves to
the fingers of the hand.
2. (Arch.) An ornamental foliation
having five points or cups, used in windows, panels, etc.
Gwilt.
Marsh cinquefoil, the Potentilla
palustris, a plant with purple flowers which grows in fresh-
water marshes.
Cinque"-pace` (?), n.
[Cinque + pace.] A lively dance (called also
galliard), the steps of which were regulated by the number
five. [Obs.] Nares. Shak.
Cinque" Ports` (?). [Cinque + port.]
(Eng. Hist.) Five English ports, to which peculiar
privileges were anciently accorded; -- viz., Hastings, Romney,
Hythe, Dover, and Sandwich; afterwards increased by the addition
of Winchelsea, Rye, and some minor places.
Baron of the Cinque Ports. See under
Baron.
Cinque"-spot`ted, a. Five-
spotted. [R.] Shak.
Cin"ter (?), n. [F. cintre.]
(Arch.) See Center.
||Ci*nu"ra (?), n. pl. [NL., fr.
Gr. &?; To move + &?; tail.] (Zoöl.) The group
of Thysanura which includes Lepisma and allied forms; the
bristletails. See Bristletail, and
Lepisma.
Ci"on (?), n. [OF. cion. See
Scion.] See Scion.
The cion overruleth the stock; and the
stock is but passive, and giveth aliment, but no motion, to the
graft.
Bacon.
Ci"pher (?), n. [OF. cifre
zero, F. Chiffre figure (cf. Sp. cifra, LL.
cifra), fr. Ar. çifrun,
çafrun, empty, cipher, zero, fr.
çafira to be empty. Cf. Zero.]
1. (Arith.) A character [0] which,
standing by itself, expresses nothing, but when placed at the
right hand of a whole number, increases its value
tenfold.
2. One who, or that which, has no weight
or influence.
Here he was a mere cipher.
W. Irving.
3. A character in general, as a figure or
letter. [Obs.]
This wisdom began to be written in ciphers
and characters and letters bearing the forms of creatures.
Sir W. Raleigh.
4. A combination or interweaving of
letters, as the initials of a name; a device; a monogram; as, a
painter's cipher, an engraver's cipher, etc. The
cut represents the initials N. W.
5. A private alphabet, system of
characters, or other mode of writing, contrived for the safe
transmission of secrets; also, a writing in such
characters.
His father . . . engaged him when he was very
young to write all his letters to England in cipher.
Bp. Burnet.
Cipher key, a key to assist in reading
writings in cipher.
Ci"pher, a. Of the nature of a
cipher; of no weight or influence. "Twelve cipher
bishops." Milton.
Ci"pher, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Ciphered (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Ciphering.] To use figures in a
mathematical process; to do sums in arithmetic.
"T was certain he could write and cipher
too.
Goldsmith.
Ci"pher, v. t. 1.
To write in occult characters.
His notes he ciphered with Greek
characters.
Hayward.
2. To get by ciphering; as, to cipher out
the answer.
3. To decipher. [Obs.]
Shak.
4. To designate by characters.
[Obs.] Shak.
Ci"pher*er (?), n. One who
ciphers.
Ci"pher*hood (?), n.
Nothingness. [R.] Goodwin.
Cip"o*lin (?), n. [It.
cippollino, prop., a little onion, fr. cipolla
onion (cf. E. cibol). So called because its veins consist,
like onions, of different strata, one lying upon another.]
(Min.) A whitish marble, from Rome, containiing pale
greenish zones. It consists of calcium carbonate, with zones and
cloudings of talc.
||Cip"pus (?), n.; pl.
Cippi (#). [L., stake, post.] A small, low
pillar, square or round, commonly having an inscription, used by
the ancients for various purposes, as for indicating the
distances of places, for a landmark, for sepulchral inscriptions,
etc. Gwilt.
Circ (?), n. [See Circus.]
An amphitheatrical circle for sports; a circus. [R.]
T. Warton.
||Cir*car" (?), n. [See
Sircar.] A district, or part of a province. See
Sircar. [India]
Cir*cas"sian (?), a. Of or
pertaining to Circassia, in Asia. -- n.
A native or inhabitant of Circassia.
Cir*ce"an (?), a. [L.
Circaeus.] Having the characteristics of Circe,
daughter of Sol and Perseis, a mythological enchantress, who
first charmed her victims and then changed them to the forms of
beasts; pleasing, but noxious; as, a Circean
draught.
{ Cir*cen"sial (?), Cir*cen"sian (?), }
a. [L. Circensis, ludi Circenses,
the games in the Circus Maximus.] Of or pertaining to, or
held in, the Circus, In Rome.
The pleasure of the Circensian shows.
Holyday.
Cir"ci*nal (?), a. [Gr. &?; a
circle.] (Bot.) Circinate.
Cir"ci*nate (?), a. [L.
circinatus, p. p. of circinare to make round, fr.
circinus a pair of compasses, from Gr. &?; a circle.]
(Bot.) Rolled together downward, the tip occupying
the center; -- a term used in reference to foliation or leafing,
as in ferns. Gray.
Cir"ci*nate (?), v. t. To make
a circle around; to encompass. [Obs.] Bailey.
Cir`ci*na"tion (?), n. [L.
circinatio circle.]
1. An orbicular motion. [Obs.]
bailey.
2. A circle; a concentric layer.
[Obs.] "The circinations and spherical rounds of onions."
Sir T. Browne.
Cir"cle (s&etilde;r"k'l), n. [OE.
cercle, F. cercle, fr. L. circulus (Whence
also AS. circul), dim. of circus circle, akin to
Gr. kri`kos, ki`rkos, circle, ring. Cf.
Circus, Circum-.]
1. A plane figure, bounded by a single
curve line called its circumference, every part of which
is equally distant from a point within it, called the
center.
2. The line that bounds such a figure; a
circumference; a ring.
3. (Astron.) An instrument of
observation, the graduated limb of which consists of an entire
circle.
&fist; When it is fixed to a wall in an observatory, it is
called a mural circle; when mounted with a telescope on an
axis and in Y's, in the plane of the meridian, a meridian or
transit circle; when involving the principle of reflection,
like the sextant, a reflecting circle; and when that of
repeating an angle several times continuously along the graduated
limb, a repeating circle.
4. A round body; a sphere; an
orb.
It is he that sitteth upon the circle of
the earth.
Is. xi. 22.
5. Compass; circuit; inclosure.
In the circle of this forest.
Shak.
6. A company assembled, or conceived to
assemble, about a central point of interest, or bound by a common
tie; a class or division of society; a coterie; a set.
As his name gradually became known, the
circle of his acquaintance widened.
Macaulay.
7. A circular group of persons; a
ring.
8. A series ending where it begins, and
repeating itself.
Thus in a circle runs the peasant's
pain.
Dryden.
9. (Logic) A form of argument in
which two or more unproved statements are used to prove each
other; inconclusive reasoning.
That heavy bodies descend by gravity; and, again,
that gravity is a quality whereby a heavy body descends, is an
impertinent circle and teaches nothing.
Glanvill.
10. Indirect form of words;
circumlocution. [R.]
Has he given the lie,
In circle, or oblique, or semicircle.
J. Fletcher.
11. A territorial division or
district.
&fist;
The Circles of the Holy Roman Empire,
ten in number, were those principalities or provinces which had
seats in the German Diet.
Azimuth circle. See under
Azimuth. -- Circle of altitude
(Astron.), a circle parallel to the horizon, having
its pole in the zenith; an almucantar. -- Circle of
curvature. See Osculating circle of a curve
(Below). -- Circle of declination. See
under Declination. -- Circle of
latitude. (a) (Astron.) A
great circle perpendicular to the plane of the ecliptic, passing
through its poles. (b) (Spherical
Projection) A small circle of the sphere whose plane is
perpendicular to the axis. -- Circles of
longitude, lesser circles parallel to the ecliptic,
diminishing as they recede from it. -- Circle of
perpetual apparition, at any given place, the
boundary of that space around the elevated pole, within which the
stars never set. Its distance from the pole is equal to the
latitude of the place. -- Circle of perpetual
occultation, at any given place, the boundary of
the space around the depressed pole, within which the stars never
rise. -- Circle of the sphere, a
circle upon the surface of the sphere, called a great
circle when its plane passes through the center of the
sphere; in all other cases, a small circle. --
Diurnal circle. See under
Diurnal. -- Dress circle, a
gallery in a theater, generally the one containing the prominent
and more expensive seats. -- Druidical
circles (Eng. Antiq.), a popular name for
certain ancient inclosures formed by rude stones circularly
arranged, as at Stonehenge, near Salisbury. --
Family circle, a gallery in a theater,
usually one containing inexpensive seats. -- Horary
circles (Dialing), the lines on dials which
show the hours. -- Osculating circle of a
curve (Geom.), the circle which touches the
curve at some point in the curve, and close to the point more
nearly coincides with the curve than any other circle. This
circle is used as a measure of the curvature of the curve at the
point, and hence is called circle of curvature. --
Pitch circle. See under Pitch.
-- Vertical circle, an azimuth circle.
-- Voltaic circle or circuit.
See under Circuit. -- To square the
circle. See under Square.
Syn. -- Ring; circlet; compass; circuit; inclosure.
Cir"cle, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Circled (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Circling (?).] [OE. cerclen, F.
cercler, fr. L. circulare to make round. See
Circle, n., and cf.
Circulate.]
1. To move around; to revolve
around.
Other planets circle other suns.
Pope.
2. To encompass, as by a circle; to
surround; to inclose; to encircle. Prior. Pope.
Their heads are circled with a short
turban.
Dampier.
So he lies, circled with evil.
Coleridge.
To circle in, to confine; to hem in; to
keep together; as, to circle bodies in.
Sir K. Digby.
Cir"cle, v. i. To move
circularly; to form a circle; to circulate.
Thy name shall circle round the gaping
through.
Byron.
Cir"cled (?), a. Having the
form of a circle; round. "Monthly changes in her
circled orb." Shak.
Cir"cler (?), n. A mean or
inferior poet, perhaps from his habit of wandering around as a
stroller; an itinerant poet. Also, a name given to the cyclic
poets. See under Cyclic, a. [Obs.]
B. Jonson.
Cir"clet (?), n. 1.
A little circle; esp., an ornament for the person, having
the form of a circle; that which encircles, as a ring, a
bracelet, or a headband.
Her fair locks in circlet be enrolled.
Spenser.
2. A round body; an orb.
Pope.
Fairest of stars . . . that crown'st the smiling
morn
With thy bright circlet.
Milton.
3. A circular piece of wood put under a
dish at table. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.
Cir"co*cele (?), n. See
Cirsocele.
Cir"cuit (?), n. [F.
circuit, fr. L. circuitus, fr. circuire or
circumire to go around; circum around + ire
to go.] 1. The act of moving or revolving
around, or as in a circle or orbit; a revolution; as, the
periodical circuit of the earth round the sun.
Watts.
2. The circumference of, or distance
round, any space; the measure of a line round an area.
The circuit or compass of Ireland is 1,800
miles.
J. Stow.
3. That which encircles anything, as a
ring or crown.
The golden circuit on my head.
Shak.
4. The space inclosed within a circle, or
within limits.
A circuit wide inclosed with goodliest
trees.
Milton.
5. A regular or appointed journeying from
place to place in the exercise of one's calling, as of a judge,
or a preacher.
6. (a) (Law) A
certain division of a state or country, established by law for a
judge or judges to visit, for the administration of
justice. Bouvier. (b) (Methodist
Church) A district in which an itinerant preacher
labors.
7. Circumlocution. [Obs.] "Thou
hast used no circuit of words." Huloet.
Circuit court (Law), a court
which sits successively in different places in its circuit (see
Circuit, 6). In the United States, the federal circuit
courts are commonly presided over by a judge of the supreme
court, or a special circuit judge, together with the judge of the
district court. They have jurisdiction within statutory limits,
both in law and equity, in matters of federal cognizance. Some of
the individual States also have circuit courts, which have
general statutory jurisdiction of the same class, in matters of
State cognizance. -- Circuit or
Circuity of action (Law),
a longer course of proceedings than is necessary to attain
the object in view. -- To make a circuit,
to go around; to go a roundabout way. -- Voltaic
or Galvanic circuit or circle, a
continous electrical communication between the two poles of a
battery; an arrangement of voltaic elements or couples with
proper conductors, by which a continuous current of electricity
is established.
Cir"cuit, v. i. To move in a
circle; to go round; to circulate. [Obs.] J.
Philips.
Cir"cuit, v. t. To travel
around. [Obs.] "Having circuited the air." T.
Warton.
Cir`cuit*eer" (?), n. A
circuiter. Pope.
Cir"cuit*er (?), n. One who
travels a circuit, as a circuit judge. [R.] R.
Whitlock.
Cir`cu*i"tion (?), n. [L.
circuitio. See Circuit.] The act of going
round; circumlocution. [R.]
Cir*cu"i*tous (?), a. [LL.
circuitosus.] Going round in a circuit; roundabout;
indirect; as, a circuitous road; a circuitous
manner of accomplishing an end. --
Cir*cu"i*tous*ly, adv. --
Cir*cu"i*tous*ness, n.
Syn. -- Tortuous; winding; sinuous; serpentine.
Cir*cu"i*ty (?), n. A going
round in a circle; a course not direct; a roundabout way of
proceeding.
Cir"cu*la*ble (?), a. That may
be circulated.
Cir"cu*lar (?), a. [L.
circularis, fr. circulus circle: cf. F.
circulaire. See Circle.]
1. In the form of, or bounded by, a
circle; round.
2. repeating itself; ending in itself;
reverting to the point of beginning; hence, illogical;
inconclusive; as, circular reasoning.
3. Adhering to a fixed circle of legends;
cyclic; hence, mean; inferior. See Cyclic poets, under
Cyclic.
Had Virgil been a circular poet, and
closely adhered to history, how could the Romans have had
Dido?
Dennis.
4. Addressed to a circle, or to a number
of persons having a common interest; circulated, or intended for
circulation; as, a circular letter.
A proclamation of Henry III., . . . doubtless
circular throughout England.
Hallam.
5. Perfect; complete. [Obs.]
A man so absolute and circular
In all those wished-for rarities that may take
A virgin captive.
Massinger.
Circular are, any portion of the
circumference of a circle. -- Circular
cubics (Math.), curves of the third order
which are imagined to pass through the two circular points at
infinity. -- Circular functions.
(Math.) See under Function. --
Circular instruments, mathematical
instruments employed for measuring angles, in which the
graduation extends round the whole circumference of a circle, or
360°. -- Circular lines, straight
lines pertaining to the circle, as sines, tangents, secants,
etc. -- Circular note or
letter. (a) (Com.) See under
Credit. (b) (Diplomacy) A
letter addressed in identical terms to a number of persons.
-- Circular numbers (Arith.), those
whose powers terminate in the same digits as the roots
themselves; as 5 and 6, whose squares are 25 and 36.
Bailey. Barlow. -- Circular points at
infinity (Geom.), two imaginary points at
infinite distance through which every circle in the plane is, in
the theory of curves, imagined to pass. -- Circular
polarization. (Min.) See under
Polarization. -- Circular or
Globular sailing (Naut.),
the method of sailing by the arc of a great circle. --
Circular saw. See under
Saw.
Cir"cu*lar, n. [Cf. (for sense 1)
F. circulaire, lettre circulaire. See
Circular, a.]
1. A circular letter, or paper, usually
printed, copies of which are addressed or given to various
persons; as, a business circular.
2. A sleeveless cloak, cut in circular
form.
circularise v. 1.
to canvass by distributing letters.
Syn. -- circularize.
[WordNet 1.5]
2. to distribute circulars to.
Syn. -- circularize.
[WordNet 1.5]
3. to to pass around, as
information.
Syn. -- circulate, circularize, distribute, disseminate,
propagate, broadcast, spread, diffuse, disperse.
[WordNet 1.5]
Cir`cu*lar"i*ty (?), n. [LL.
circularitas.] The quality or state of being
circular; a circular form.
Cir"cu*lar*ly (?), adv. In a
circular manner.
Cir"cu*la*ry (?), a. Circular;
illogical. [Obs. & .] "Cross and circulary
speeches." Hooker.
Cir"cu*late (#), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Circulated; p. pr.
& vb. n. Circulating.] [L. circulatus, p.
p. of circulare, v. t., to surround, make round,
circulari, v. i., to gather into a circle. See
Circle.]
1. To move in a circle or circuitously;
to move round and return to the same point; as, the blood
circulates in the body. Boyle.
2. To pass from place to place, from
person to person, or from hand to hand; to be diffused; as, money
circulates; a story circulates.
Circulating decimal. See
Decimal. -- Circulating library,
a library whose books are loaned to the public, usually at
certain fixed rates. -- Circulating
medium. See Medium.
Cir"cu*late (?), v. t. To
cause to pass from place to place, or from person to person; to
spread; as, to circulate a report; to circulate
bills of credit.
Circulating pump. See under
Pump.
Syn. -- To spread; diffuse; propagate; disseminate.
Cir`cu*la"tion (?), n. [L.
circulatio: cf. F. circulation.] 1.
The act of moving in a circle, or in a course which brings
the moving body to the place where its motion began.
This continual circulation of human
things.
Swift.
2. The act of passing from place to place
or person to person; free diffusion; transmission.
The true doctrines of astronomy appear to have had
some popular circulation.
Whewell.
3. Currency; circulating coin; notes,
bills, etc., current for coin.
4. The extent to which anything
circulates or is circulated; the measure of diffusion; as, the
circulation of a newspaper.
5. (Physiol.) The movement of the
blood in the blood-vascular system, by which it is brought into
close relations with almost every living elementary constituent.
Also, the movement of the sap in the vessels and tissues of
plants.
Cir"cu*la*tive (?), a.
Promoting circulation; circulating. [R.]
Coleridge.
Cir"cu*la`tor (?), n. [Cf. L.
circulator a peddler.] One who, or that which,
circulates.
Cir`cu*la*to"ri*ous (?), a.
Travelling from house to house or from town to town;
itinerant. [Obs.] "Circulatorious jugglers."
Barrow.
Cir"cu*la*to*ry (?), a. [L.
circulatorius pert. to a mountebank: cf. F.
circulatoire.]
1. Circular; as, a circulatory
letter. Johnson.
2. Circulating, or going round.
T. Warton.
3. (Anat.) Subserving the purposes
of circulation; as, circulatory organs; of or pertaining
to the organs of circulation; as, circulatory
diseases.
Cir"cu*la*to*ry, n. A chemical
vessel consisting of two portions unequally exposed to the heat
of the fire, and with connecting pipes or passages, through which
the fluid rises from the overheated portion, and descends from
the relatively colder, maintaining a circulation.
Cir"cu*let (?), n. A
circlet. [Obs.] Spenser.
Cir"cu*line (?), a. Proceeding
in a circle; circular. [Obs.] "With motion
circuline". Dr. H. More.
Cir"cum- (?). [Akin to circle, circus.]
A Latin preposition, used as a prefix in many English words,
and signifying around or about.
Cir`cum*ag"i*tate (?), v. t. [Pref.
circum + agitate.] To agitate on all sides.
Jer. Taylor.
Cir`cum*am"bage (?), n. [Pref.
circum- + ambage, obs. sing. of ambages.]
A roundabout or indirect course; indirectness. [Obs.]
S. Richardson.
Cir`cum*am"bi*en*cy (?), n.
The act of surrounding or encompassing. Sir T.
Browne.
Cir`cum*am"bi*ent (?), a. [Pref.
circum- + ambient.] Surrounding; inclosing or
being on all sides; encompassing. "The circumambient
heaven." J. Armstrong.
Cir`cum*am"bu*late (?), v. t. [L.
circumambulatus, p. p. of circumambulare to walk
around; circum + ambulare. See Ambulate.] To
walk round about. -- Cir`cum*am`bu*la"tion (#),
n.
Cir`cum*bend"i*bus (?), n. A
roundabout or indirect way. [Jocular]
Goldsmith.
Cir`cum*cen"ter (?), n.
(Geom.) The center of a circle that circumscribes a
triangle.
Cir"cum*cise (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Circumcised (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Circumcising.] [L.
circumcisus, p. p. of circumcidere to cut around,
to circumcise; circum + caedere to cut; akin to E.
cæsura, homicide, concise, and prob.
to shed, v. t.] 1. To cut off the
prepuce of foreskin of, in the case of males, and the internal
labia of, in the case of females.
2. (Script.) To purify
spiritually.
Cir"cum*ci`ser (?), n. One who
performs circumcision. Milton.
Cir`cum*cision (?), n. [L.
circumcisio.] 1. The act of cutting
off the prepuce or foreskin of males, or the internal labia of
females.
&fist; The circumcision of males is practiced as a
religious rite by the Jews, Mohammedans, etc.
2. (Script.) (a)
The Jews, as a circumcised people. (b)
Rejection of the sins of the flesh; spiritual purification,
and acceptance of the Christian faith.
Cir`cum*clu"sion (?), n. [L.
circumcludere, -clusum, to inclose.] Act of
inclosing on all sides. [R.]
Cir`cum*cur*sa"tion (?), n. [L.
circumcursare, -satum, to run round about.]
The act of running about; also, rambling language.
[Obs.] Barrow.
Cir`cum*den`u*da"tion (?), n.
[Pref. circum- + denudation.] (Geol.)
Denudation around or in the neighborhood of an
object.
Hills of circumdenudation, hills which
have been produced by surface erosion; the elevations which have
been left, after denudation of a mass of high ground.
Jukes.
Cir`cum*duce" (?), v. t. [See
Circumduct.] (Scots Law) To declare elapsed,
as the time allowed for introducing evidence. Sir W.
Scott.
Cir`cum*duct" (?), v. t. [L.
circumductus, p. p. of circumducere to lead around;
circum + ducere to lead.] 1.
To lead about; to lead astray. [R.]
2. (Law) To contravene; to
nullify; as, to circumduct acts of judicature.
[Obs.] Ayliffe.
Cir`cum*duc"tion (?), n. [L.
circumductio.] 1. A leading about;
circumlocution. [R.] Hooker.
2. An annulling; cancellation. [R.]
Ayliffe.
3. (Physiol.) The rotation of a
limb round an imaginary axis, so as to describe a conical
surface.
Cir`cum*e*soph"a*gal (?), a. [Pref.
circum- + esophagal.] (Anat.)
Surrounding the esophagus; -- in Zoöl. said of
the nerve commissures and ganglia of arthropods and
mollusks.
Cir`cum*e`so*phag"e*al (?), a.
(Anat.) Circumesophagal.
Cir"cum*fer (?), v. t. [L.
circumferre; circum- + ferre to bear. See
1st Bear.] To bear or carry round. [Obs.]
Bacon.
Cir*cum"fer*ence (?), n. [L.
circumferentia.]
1. The line that goes round or
encompasses a circular figure; a periphery.
Millon.
2. A circle; anything circular.
His ponderous shield . . .
Behind him cast. The broad circumference
Hung on his shoulders like the moon.
Milton.
3. The external surface of a sphere, or
of any orbicular body.
Cir*cum"fer*ence, v. t. To
include in a circular space; to bound. [Obs.] Sir T.
Browne.
Cir*cum`fer*en"tial (?), a. [LL.
circumferentialis.] Pertaining to the circumference;
encompassing; encircling; circuitous.
Parkhurst.
Cir*cum`fer*en"tial*ly (?), adv.
So as to surround or encircle.
Cir*cum`fer*en"tor (?), n. [See
Circumfer.]
1. A surveying instrument, for taking
horizontal angles and bearings; a surveyor's compass. It consists
of a compass whose needle plays over a circle graduated to
360°, and of a horizontal brass bar at the ends of which are
standards with narrow slits for sighting, supported on a tripod
by a ball and socket joint.
2. A graduated wheel for measuring tires;
a tire circle.
Cir"cum*flant (?), a. [L.
circumflans, p. pr. of circumflare.] Blowing
around. [Obs.] Evelyn.
Cir"cum*flect (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Circumflected; p.
pr. & vb. n. Circumflecting.] [L.
circumflectere. See Circumflex.] 1.
To bend around.
2. To mark with the circumflex accent, as
a vowel. [R.]
Cir`cum*flec"tion (?), n. See
Circumflexion.
Cir"cum*flex (?), n. [L.
circumflexus a bending round, fr. circumflectere,
circumflexum, to bend or turn about; circum +
flectere to bend. See Flexible.]
1. A wave of the voice embracing both a
rise and fall or a fall and a rise on the same a syllable.
Walker.
2. A character, or accent, denoting in
Greek a rise and of the voice on the same long syllable, marked
thus [~ or &?;]; and in Latin and some other languages, denoting
a long and contracted syllable, marked [&?; or ^]. See
Accent, n., 2.
Cir"cum*flex, v. t. [imp.
& p. p. Circumflexed (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Circumflexing (?).] To mark or pronounce
with a circumflex. Walker.
Cir"cum*flex, a. [Cf. L.
circumflexus, p. p.]
1. Moving or turning round;
circuitous. [R.] Swift.
2. (Anat.) Curved circularly; --
applied to several arteries of the hip and thigh, to arteries,
veins, and a nerve of the shoulder, and to other parts.
Cir`cum*flex"ion (?), n.
1. The act of bending, or causing to assume
a curved form.
2. A winding about; a turning; a
circuity; a fold.
Cir*cum"flu*ence (?), n. A
flowing round on all sides; an inclosing with a fluid.
{ Cir*cum"flu*ent (?), Cir*cum"flu*ous (?),
} a. [L. circumfluere, p. pr. of
circumfluere; circum + fluere to flow; also L.
circumfluus.] Flowing round; surrounding in the
manner of a fluid. "The deep, circumfluent waves."
Pope.
{ Cir`cum*fo*ra"ne*an (?),
Cir`cum*fo*ra"ne*ous (?), } a. [L.
circumforaneus found in markets; circum + forum a
market place.] Going about or abroad; walking or wandering
from house to house. Addison.
Cir`cum*ful"gent (?), a. [Pref.
circum- + fulgent.] Shining around or
about.
Cir`cum*fuse" (?), v. t. [L.
circumfusus, p. p. of circumfundere to pour around;
circum + fundere to pour.] To pour round; to spread
round.
His army circumfused on either wing.
Milton.
Cir`cum*fu"sile (?), a. [Pref.
circum- + L. fusilis fusil, a.]
Capable of being poured or spread round.
"Circumfusile gold." Pope.
Cir`cum*fu"sion (?), n. [L.
circumfusio.] The act of pouring or spreading round;
the state of being spread round. Swift.
Cir`cum*ges*ta"tion (?), n. [L.
circumgestare to carry around; circum + gestare to
carry.] The act or process of carrying about.
[Obs.]
Circumgestation of the eucharist to be
adored.
Jer. Taylor.
Cir`cum*gy"rate (?), v. t. & i.
[Pref. circum- + gyrate.] To roll or turn
round; to cause to perform a rotary or circular motion.
Ray.
Cir`cum*gy*ra"tion (?), n. The
act of turning, rolling, or whirling round.
A certain turbulent and irregular
circumgyration.
Holland.
Cir`cum*gy"ra*to*ry (?), a.
Moving in a circle; turning round.
Hawthorne.
Cir`cum*gyre" (?), v. i. To
circumgyrate. [Obs.]
Cir`cum*in*ces"sion (?), n. [Pref.
circum- + L. incedere, incessum, to walk.]
(Theol.) The reciprocal existence in each other of
the three persons of the Trinity.
Cir`cum*ja"cence (?), n.
Condition of being circumjacent, or of bordering on every
side.
Cir`cum*ja"cent (?), a. [L.
circumjacens, p. pr. of circumjacere; circum
+ jacēre to lie.] Lying round; bordering on
every side. T. Fuller.
Cir`cum*jo"vi*al (?), n. [Pref.
circum- + L. Jupiter, gen. Jovis, Jove.]
One of the moons or satellites of the planet Jupiter.
[Obs.] Derham.
Cir`cum*lit"to*ral (?), a. [Pref.
circum- + L. littus, littoris, shore;
preferable form, litus, litoris.] Adjointing
the shore.
Cir`cum*lo*cu"tion (?), n. [L.
circumlocutio, fr. circumloqui, -locutus, to
make use of circumlocution; circum + loqui to
speak. See Loquacious.] The use of many words to
express an idea that might be expressed by few; indirect or
roundabout language; a periphrase.
the plain Billingsgate way of calling names . . .
would save abundance of time lost by circumlocution.
Swift.
Circumlocution office, a term of
ridicule for a governmental office where business is delayed by
passing through the hands of different officials.
Cir`cum*lo*cu"tion*al (?), a.
Relating to, or consisting of, circumlocutions;
periphrastic; circuitous.
Cir`cum*loc"u*to*ry (?), a.
Characterised by circumlocution; periphrastic.
Shenstone.
The officials set to work in regular
circumlocutory order.
Chambers's Journal.
Cir`cum*me*rid"i*an (?), a. [Pref.
circum- + meridian.] About, or near, the
meridian.
Cir`cum*mure" (?), v. t. [Pref.
circum- + mure, v. t.] To encompass with a
wall. Shak.
Cir`cum*nav"i*ga*ble (?), a.
Capable of being sailed round. Ray.
Cir`cum*nav"i*gate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Circumnavigated (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Circumnavigating (?).]
[L. circumnavigatus, p. p. of circumnavigare to
sail round; circum + navigare to navigate.] To sail
completely round.
Having circumnavigated the whole earth.
T. Fuller.
Cir`cum*nav`i*ga"tion (?), n.
The act of circumnavigating, or sailing round.
Arbuthnot.
Cir`cum*nav"iga`tor (?), n.
One who sails round. W. Guthrie.
Cir`cum*nu"tate (?), v. i. [Pref.
circum- + nutate.] To pass through the stages
of circumnutation.
Cir`cum*nu*ta"tion (?), n.
(Bot.) The successive bowing or bending in different
directions of the growing tip of the stems of many plants,
especially seen in climbing plants.
Cir`cum*po"lar (?), a. [Pref.
circum- + polar.] About the pole; -- applied
to stars that revolve around the pole without setting; as,
circumpolar stars.
Cir`cum*po*si"tion (?), n. [L.
circumpositio, fr. circumponere, - positium,
to place around.] The act of placing in a circle, or round
about, or the state of being so placed. Evelyn.
{ Cir`cum*ro"tary (?), Cir`cum*ro"ta*to*ry
(?), } a. [Pref. circum- +
rotary, rotatory.] turning, rolling, or
whirling round.
Cir`cum*ro"tate (?), v. t. & i. [L.
circumrotare; circum + rotare to turn round.]
To rotate about. [R.]
Cir`cum*ro*ta"tion (?), n. The
act of rolling or revolving round, as a wheel; circumvolution;
the state of being whirled round. J. Gregory.
Cir`cum*scis"sile (?), a. [Pref.
circum- + scissle.] (Bot.) Dehiscing or
opening by a transverse fissure extending around (a capsule or
pod). See Illust. of Pyxidium.
Cir`cum*scrib"a*ble (?), a.
Capable of being circumscribed.
Cir`cum*scribe" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Circumscribed (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Circumscribing.] [L.
circumscribere, -scriptum; circum + scribere
to write, draw. See Soribe.]
1. to write or engrave around.
[R.]
Thereon is circumscribed this epitaph.
Ashmole.
2. To inclose within a certain limit; to
hem in; to surround; to bound; to confine; to restrain.
To circumscribe royal power.
Bancroft.
3. (Geom.) To draw a line around
so as to touch at certain points without cutting. See
Inscribe, 5.
Syn. -- To bound; limit; restrict; confine; abridge;
restrain; environ; encircle; inclose; encompass.
Cir`cum*scrib"er (?), n. One
who, or that which, circumscribes.
Cir`cum*scrip"ti*ble (?), a.
Capable of being circumscribed or limited by
bounds.
Cir`cum*scrip"tion (?), n. [L.
circumscriptio. See Circumscribe.]
1. An inscription written around
anything. [R.] Ashmole.
2. The exterior line which determines the
form or magnitude of a body; outline; periphery.
Ray.
3. The act of limiting, or the state of
being limited, by conditions or restraints; bound; confinement;
limit.
The circumscriptions of terrestrial
nature.
Johnson.
I would not my unhoused, free condition
Put into circumscription and confine.
Shak.
Cir`cum*scrip"tive (?), a.
Circumscribing or tending to circumscribe; marcing the
limits or form of.
Cir`cum*scrip"tive*ly, adv. In
a limited manner.
Cir"cum*script`ly (?), adv. In
a literal, limited, or narrow manner. [R.]
Milton.
Cir"cum*spect (?), a. [L.
circumspectus, p. p. of circumspicere to look about
one's self, to observe; circum + spicere, specere,
to look. See Spy.] Attentive to all the circumstances
of a case or the probable consequences of an action; cautious;
prudent; wary.
Syn. -- See Cautious.
Cir`cum*spec"tion (?), n. [L.
circumspectio.] Attention to all the facts and
circumstances of a case; caution; watchfulness.
With silent circumspection, unespied.
Milton.
Syn. -- Caution; prudence; watchfulness; deliberation;
thoughtfulness; wariness; forecast.
Cir`cum*spec"tive
(s&etilde;r`kŭm*sp&ebreve;k"t&ibreve;v),
a. Looking around every way; cautious;
careful of consequences; watchful of danger.
"Circumspective eyes." Pope.
Cir`cum*spec"tive*ly, adv.
Circumspectly.
Cir"cum*spect"ly (-sp&ebreve;kt"l>ycr/),
adv. In a circumspect manner; cautiously;
warily.
Cir"cum*spect"ness, n.
Vigilance in guarding against evil from every quarter;
caution.
[Travel] forces circumspectness on those
abroad, who at home are nursed in security.
Sir H. Wotton.
Cir"cum*stance (?), n. [L.
circumstantia, fr. circumstans, -antis, p.
pr. of circumstare to stand around; circum + stare
to stand. See Stand.] 1. That which
attends, or relates to, or in some way affects, a fact or event;
an attendant thing or state of things.
The circumstances are well known in the
country where they happened.
W. Irving.
2. An event; a fact; a particular
incident.
The sculptor had in his thoughts the conqueror
weeping for new worlds, or the like circumstances in
history.
Addison.
3. Circumlocution; detail.
[Obs.]
So without more circumstance at all
I hold it fit that we shake hands and part.
Shak.
4. pl. Condition in regard to
worldly estate; state of property; situation;
surroundings.
When men are easy in their circumstances,
they are naturally enemies to innovations.
Addison.
Not a circumstance, of no account.
[Colloq.] -- Under the circumstances,
taking all things into consideration.
Syn. -- Event; occurrence; incident; situation;
condition; position; fact; detail; item. See Event.
Cir"cum*stance, v. t. To place
in a particular situation; to supply relative
incidents.
The poet took the matters of fact as they came
down to him and circumstanced them, after his own
manner.
Addison.
Cir"cum*stanced (?), p. a.
1. Placed in a particular position or
condition; situated.
The proposition is, that two bodies so
circumstanced will balance each other.
Whewell.
2. Governed by events or
circumstances. [Poetic & R.] "I must be
circumstanced." Shak.
Cir"cum*stant (?), a. [L.
circumstans. See Circumstance.] Standing or
placed around; surrounding. [R.] "Circumstant
bodies." Sir K. Digby.
Cir`cum*stan"tia*ble (?), a.
Capable of being circumstantiated. [Obs.] Jer
Taylor.
Cir`cum*stan"tial (?), a. [Cf. F.
circonstanciel.]
1. Consisting in, or pertaining to,
circumstances or particular incidents.
The usual character of human testimony is
substantial truth under circumstantial variety.
Paley.
2. Incidental; relating to, but not
essential.
We must therefore distinguish between the
essentials in religious worship . . . and what is merely
circumstantial.
Sharp.
3. Abounding with circumstances;
detailing or exhibiting all the circumstances; minute;
particular.
Tedious and circumstantial recitals.
Prior.
Circumstantial evidence (Law),
evidence obtained from circumstances, which necessarily or
usually attend facts of a particular nature, from which arises
presumption. According to some authorities circumstantial
is distinguished from positive evidence in that the latter
is the testimony of eyewitnesses to a fact or the admission of a
party; but the prevalent opinion now is that all such testimony
is dependent on circumstances for its support. All testimony is
more or less circumstantial. Wharton.
Syn. -- See Minute.
Cir`cum*stan"tial, n.
Something incidental to the main subject, but of less
importance; opposed to an essential; -- generally in the
plural; as, the circumstantials of religion.
Addison.
Cir`cum*stan`ti*al"i*ty (?), n.
The state, characteristic, or quality of being
circumstantial; particularity or minuteness of detail. "I
will endeavor to describe with sufficient
circumstantiality." De Quincey.
Cir`cum*stan"tial*ly (?), adv.
1. In respect to circumstances; not
essentially; accidentally.
Of the fancy and intellect, the powers are only
circumstantially different.
Glanvill.
2. In every circumstance or particular;
minutely.
To set down somewhat circumstantially, not
only the events, but the manner of my trials.
Boyle.
Cir`cum*stan"ti*ate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Circumstantiated (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Circumstantiating (?).]
[See Circumstantiating (&?;).]
1. To place in particular circumstances;
to invest with particular accidents or adjuncts. [R.]
If the act were otherwise circumstantiated,
it might will that freely which now it wills reluctantly.
Bramhall.
2. To prove or confirm by circumstances;
to enter into details concerning.
Neither will time permint to
circumstantiate these particulars, which I have only
touched in the general.
State Trials (1661).
Cir`cum*ter*ra"ne*ous (?), a.
[Pref. circum- + L. terra earth.] Being or
dwelling around the earth. "Circumterraneous
demouns." H. Hallywell.
Cir`cum*un"du*late (?), v. t.
[Pref. circum- + undulate.] To flow round, as
waves. [R.]
Cir`cum*val"late (?), v. t. [L.
circumvallatus, p. p. of circumvallare to surround
with a wall; circum + vallare to wall, fr.
vallum rampart.] To surround with a rampart or
wall. Johnson.
Cir`cum*val"late (?), a.
1. Surrounded with a wall; inclosed with a
rampart.
2. (Anat.) Surrounded by a ridge
or elevation; as, the circumvallate papillæ, near
the base of the tongue.
Cir`cum*val*la"tion (?), n.
(Mil.) (a) The act of surrounding
with a wall or rampart. (b) A line of
field works made around a besieged place and the besieging army,
to protect the camp of the besiegers against the attack of an
enemy from without.
Cir`cum*vec"tion (?), n. [L.
circumvectio; circum + vehere to carry.]
The act of carrying anything around, or the state of being
so carried.
Cir`cum*vent" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Circumvented; p.
pr. vb. n. Circumventing.] [L.
circumventis, p. p. of circumvenire, to come
around, encompass, deceive; circum + venire to
come, akin to E. come.] To gain advantage over by
arts, stratagem, or deception; to decieve; to delude; to get
around.
I circumvented whom I could not gain.
Dryden.
Cir`cum*ven"tion (?), n. [L.
circumventio.] The act of prevailing over another by
arts, address, or fraud; deception; fraud; imposture;
delusion.
A school in which he learns sly
circumvention.
Cowper.
Cir`cum*vent"ive (?), a.
Tending to circumvent; deceiving by artifices;
deluding.
Cir`cum*vent"or (?), n. [L.]
One who circumvents; one who gains his purpose by
cunning.
Cir`cum*vest" (?), v. t. [L.
circumvestire; circum + vestire to clothe.] To
cover round, as with a garment; to invest. [Obs.]
Circumvested with much prejudice.
Sir H. Wotton.
Cir*cum"vo*lant (?), a. [L.
circumvolans, p. pr. See Circumvolation.]
Flying around.
The circumvolant troubles of humanity.
G. Macdonald.
Cir`cum*vo*la"tion (?), n. [L.
circumvolate. -volatum, to fly around; circum +
volare to fly.] The act of flying round. [R.]
Cir`cum*vo*lu"tion (?), n. [See
Circumvolve.]
1. The act of rolling round; the state of
being rolled.
2. A thing rolled round another.
Arbuthnot.
3. A roundabout procedure; a
circumlocution.
He had neither time nor temper for sentimental
circumvolutions.
Beaconsfield.
Cir`cum*volve" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Circumvolved (?);
p. pr. vb. n. Circumvolving.] [L.
circumvolvere, -volutum; circum + volvere to
roll.] To roll round; to cause to revolve; to put into a
circular motion. Herrick.
Cir`cum*volve", v. i. To roll
round; to revolve.
Cir"cus (?), n.; pl.
Circuses (#). [L. circus circle, ring,
circus (in sense 1). See Circle, and cf. Cirque.]
1. (Roman Antiq.) A level oblong
space surrounded on three sides by seats of wood, earth, or
stone, rising in tiers one above another, and divided lengthwise
through the middle by a barrier around which the track or course
was laid out. It was used for chariot races, games, and public
shows.
&fist; The Circus Maximus at Rome could contain more
than 100,000 spectators. Harpers' Latin Dict.
2. A circular inclosure for the
exhibition of feats of horsemanship, acrobatic displays, etc.
Also, the company of performers, with their equipage.
3. Circuit; space; inclosure.
[R.]
The narrow circus of my dungeon wall.
Byron.
Cirl" bun`ting (?). [Cf. It. cirlo.]
(Zoöl.) A European bunting (Emberiza
cirlus).
Cirque (?), n. [F., fr. L.
circus.]
1. A circle; a circus; a circular
erection or arrangement of objects.
A dismal cirque
Of Druid stones upon a forlorn moor.
Keats.
2. A kind of circular valley in the side
of a mountain, walled around by precipices of great
height.
Cir"rate (?), a. [L.
cirratus having ringlets, fr. cirrus a curl.]
(Zoöl.) Having cirri along the margin of a part
or organ.
Cir*rhif"er*ous (?), a. See
Cirriferous.
Cir"rhose (?), a. Same as
Cirrose.
||Cir*rho"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr.
&?; orange-colored: cf. F. cirrhose. So called from the
yellowish appearance which the diseased liver often presents when
cut.] (Med.) A disease of the liver in which it
usually becomes smaller in size and more dense and fibrous in
consistence; hence sometimes applied to similar changes in other
organs, caused by increase in the fibrous framework and decrease
in the proper substance of the organ.
Cir*rhot"ic (?), a. Pertaining
to, caused by, or affected with, cirrhosis; as, cirrhotic
degeneration; a cirrhotic liver.
Cir"rhous (?), a. See
Cirrose.
Cir"rhus (?), n. Same as
Cirrus.
||Cir"ri (?), n. pl. See
Cirrus.
Cir*rif"er*ous (?), a.
[Cirrus + -ferous.] Bearing cirri, as many
plants and animals.
Cir"ri*form (?), a. [Cirrus
+ -form.] (Biol.) Formed like a cirrus or
tendril; -- said of appendages of both animals and
plants.
Cir*rig"er*ous (?), a.
[Cirrus + -gerous.] (Biol.) Having
curled locks of hair; supporting cirri, or hairlike
appendages.
Cir"ri*grade (?), a. [Cirrus
+ L. gradi to walk.] (Biol.) Moving or moved
by cirri, or hairlike appendages.
Cir"ri*ped (?), n.
(Zoöl.) One of the Cirripedia.
||Cir`ri*pe"di*a (?), n. pl. [NL.,
fr. L. cirrus curl + pes, pedis, foot.]
(Zoöl.) An order of Crustacea including the
barnacles. When adult, they have a calcareous shell composed of
several pieces. From the opening of the shell the animal throws
out a group of curved legs, looking like a delicate curl, whence
the name of the group. See Anatifa.
||Cir`ro*bran`chi*a"ta (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. E. cirrus + L. branchiae gills.]
(Zoöl.) A division of Mollusca having slender,
cirriform appendages near the mouth; the Scaphopoda.
Cir`ro-cu"mu*lus (?), n.
[Cirrus + cumulus.] (Meteor.) See under
Cloud.
Cir"rose (?), a. [See
Cirrus.] (Bot.) (a) Bearing a
tendril or tendrils; as, a cirrose leaf.
(b) Resembling a tendril or cirrus.
[Spelt also cirrhose.]
||Cir`ros"to*mi (?), n. pl. [NL.,
fr. E. cirrus + Gr. &?; mouth.] (Zoöl.)
The lowest group of vertebrates; -- so called from the cirri
around the mouth; the Leptocardia. See
Amphioxus.
Cir`ro-stra"tus (?), n.
[Cirrus + stratus.] (Meteor.) See under
Cloud.
Cir"rous (?), a. 1.
(Bot.) Cirrose.
2. (Zoöl.) Tufted; -- said of
certain feathers of birds.
||Cir"rus (?), n.; pl.
Cirri (#). [L., lock, curl, ringlet.] [Also
written cirrhus.]
1. (Bot.) A tendril or
clasper.
2. (Zoöl.) (a)
A soft tactile appendage of the mantle of many Mollusca, and
of the parapodia of Annelida. Those near the head of annelids are
Tentacular cirri; those of the last segment are caudal
cirri. (b) The jointed, leglike
organs of Cirripedia. See Annelida, and
Polychæta.
&fist; In some of the inferior animals the cirri aid in
locomotion; in others they are used in feeding; in the Annelida
they are mostly organs of touch. Some cirri are branchial
in function.
3. (Zoöl.) The external male
organ of trematodes and some other worms, and of certain
Mollusca.
4. (Meteor.) See under
Cloud.
Cir"so*cele (?), n. [Gr. &?; a
dilated vein + &?; tumor.] (Med.) The varicose
dilatation of the spermatic vein.
Cir"soid (?), a. [Gr. &?; a dilated
vein + -oid.] (Med.) Varicose.
Cirsoid aneurism, a disease of an artery
in which it becomes dilated and elongated, like a varicose
vein.
Cir*sot"o*my (?), n. [Gr. &?; a
dilated vein + &?; to cut.] (Surg.) Any operation for
the removal of varices by incision. Dunglison.
Cis- (?). A Latin preposition, sometimes used as
a prefix in English words, and signifying on this
side.
Cis*al"pine (?), a. [L.
Cisalpinus; cis on this side + Alpinus
Alpine.] On the hither side of the Alps with reference to
Rome, that is, on the south side of the Alps; -- opposed to
transalpine.
Cis`at*lan"tic (?), a. [Pref.
cis- + Atlantic.] On this side of the Atlantic
Ocean; -- used of the eastern or the western side, according to
the standpoint of the writer. Story.
Cis"co (?), n. (Zoöl.)
The Lake herring (Coregonus Artedi), valuable food
fish of the Great Lakes of North America. The name is also
applied to C. Hoyi, a related species of Lake
Michigan.
||Ci`se*lure" (?), n. [F.] The
process of chasing on metals; also, the work thus chased.
Weale.
Cis*lei"than (?), a. [Pref. cis-
+ Leitha.] On the Austrian side of the river
Leitha; Austrian.
Cis*mon"tane (?), a. [Pref. cis-
+ L. mons mountain.] On this side of the
mountains. See under Ultramontane.
Cis"pa*dane` (?), a. [Pref. cis-
+ L. Padanus, pert. to the Padus or Po.]
On the hither side of the river Po with reference to Rome;
that is, on the south side.
Cis"soid (?), n. [Gr. &?; like ivy;
&?; ivy + &?; form.] (Geom.) A curve invented by
Diocles, for the purpose of solving two celebrated problems of
the higher geometry; viz., to trisect a plane angle, and to
construct two geometrical means between two given straight
lines.
Cist (?), n. [L. cista box,
chest, Gr. &?; Cf. Chest.]
1. (Antiq.) A box or chest.
Specifically: (a) A bronze receptacle, round or
oval, frequently decorated with engravings on the sides and
cover, and with feet, handles, etc., of decorative castings.
(b) A cinerary urn. See Illustration in
Appendix.
2. See Cyst.
Cist"ed, a. Inclosed in a
cyst. See Cysted.
Cis*ter"cian (?), n. [LL.
Cistercium. F. Cîteaux, a convent not far
from Dijon, in France: cf. F. cistercien.] (Eccl.)
A monk of the prolific branch of the Benedictine Order,
established in 1098 at Cîteaux, in France, by Robert, abbot
of Molesme. For two hundred years the Cistercians followed the
rule of St. Benedict in all its rigor. --
a. Of or pertaining to the
Cistercians.
Cis"tern (?), n. [OE.
cisterne, OF. cisterne, F. cisterne, fr. L.
cisterna, fr. cista box, chest. See Cist,
and cf. chest.] 1. An artificial
reservoir or tank for holding water, beer, or other
liquids.
2. A natural reservoir; a hollow place
containing water. "The wide cisterns of the lakes."
Blackmore.
Cist"ic (?), a. See
Cystic.
Cit (&?;), n. [Contr. fr.
citizen.] A citizen; an inhabitant of a city; a pert
townsman; -- used contemptuously. "Insulted as a
cit". Johnson
Which past endurance sting the tender
cit.
Emerson.
Cit"a*ble (?), a. Capable of
being cited.
Cit"a*del (?), n. [F.
citadelle, It. citadella, di&?;. of citt&?;
city, fr. L. civitas. See City.] A fortress in
or near a fortified city, commanding the city and fortifications,
and intended as a final point of defense.
Syn. -- Stronghold. See
Fortress.
Cit"al (?), n. [From Cite]
1. Summons to appear, as before a
judge. [R.] Johnson
2. Citation; quotation [R.]
Johnson.
Ci*ta"tion (?), n. [F.
citation, LL. citatio, fr.L. citare to cite.
See Cite] 1. An official summons or
notice given to a person to appear; the paper containing such
summons or notice.
2. The act of citing a passage from a
book, or from another person, in his own words; also, the passage
or words quoted; quotation.
This horse load of citations and
fathers.
Milton.
3. Enumeration; mention; as, a
citation of facts.
4. (Law) A reference to decided
cases, or books of authority, to prove a point in law.
Ci*ta"tor (?), n. One who
cites. [R]
Ci"ta*to*ry (?), a. [LL.
citatirius.] Having the power or form of a citation;
as, letters citatory.
Cite (?), v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Cited; p. pr. & vb. n.
Citing] [F. citer, fr. L. citare, intens. of
cire, ciēre, to put in motion, to excite;
akin to Gr.&?; to go, Skr. &?; to sharpen.] 1.
To call upon officially or authoritatively to appear, as
before a court; to summon.
The cited dead,
Of all past ages, to the general doom
Shall hasten.
Milton.
Cited by finger of God.
De Quincey.
2. To urge; to enjoin. [R.]
Shak.
3. To quote; to repeat, as a passage from
a book, or the words of another.
The devil can cite Scripture for his
purpose.
Shak.
4. To refer to or specify, as for
support, proof, illustration, or confirmation.
The imperfections which you have cited.
Shak.
5. To bespeak; to indicate.
[Obs.]
Aged honor cites a virtuous youth.
Shak.
6. (Law) To notify of a proceeding
in court. Abbot
Syn. -- To quote; mention, name; refer to; adduce;
select; call; summon. See Quote.
Cit"er (?), n. One who
cites.
Cit"ess (?), n. [From Cit.]
A city woman [R.]
Cith"a*ra (?), n. [L. Cf.
Cittern, Guitar.] (Mus.) An ancient
instrument resembling the harp.
Cith`a*ris"tic (?), a. [Gr.&?;,
fr.&?; cithara.] Pertaining, or adapted, to the
cithara.
Cith"ern (?), n. See
Cittern.
Cit"i*cism (?), n. [From
cit.] The manners of a cit or citizen.
Cit"ied (?), a. 1.
Belonging to, or resembling, a city. "Smoky,
citied towns" [R.] Drayton.
2. Containing, or covered with,
cities. [R.] "The citied earth." Keats.
Cit"i*fied (?), a. [City
+-fy.] Aping, or having, the manners of a
city.
||Cit`i*gra"dæ (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. L. citus swift (p. p. of cire,
ciere, to move) + gradi to walk. See Cite.]
(Zoöl.) A suborder of Arachnoidea, including the
European tarantula and the wolf spiders (Lycosidae) and
their allies, which capture their prey by rapidly running and
jumping. See Wolf spider.
Cit"i*grade (?), a. [Cf. F.
citigrade.] (Zoöl.) Pertaining to the
Citigradæ. -- n. One of the
Citigradæ.
Cit"i*ner (?), n. One who is
born or bred in a city; a citizen. [Obs.]
Champan.
Cit"i*zen (?), n. [OE.
citisein, OF. citeain, F. citoyen, fr.
cité city. See City, and cf. Cit.]
1. One who enjoys the freedom and privileges
of a city; a freeman of a city, as distinguished from a
foreigner, or one not entitled to its franchises.
That large body of the working men who were not
counted as citizens and had not so much as a vote to serve
as an anodyne to their stomachs.
G. Eliot.
2. An inhabitant of a city; a
townsman. Shak.
3. A person, native or naturalized, of
either sex, who owes allegiance to a government, and is entitled
to reciprocal protection from it.
&fist; This protection is . . . national protection,
recognition of the individual, in the face of foreign nations, as
a member of the state, and assertion of his security and rights
abroad as well as at home. Abbot
4. One who is domiciled in a country, and
who is a citizen, though neither native nor naturalized, in such
a sense that he takes his legal status from such
country.
Cit"i*zen, a. 1.
Having the condition or qualities of a citizen, or of
citizens; as, a citizen soldiery.
2. Of or pertaining to the inhabitants of
a city; characteristic of citizens; effeminate; luxurious.
[Obs.]
I am not well,
But not so citizen a wanton as
To seem to die ere sick.
Shak.
Cit"i*zen*ess, n. A female
citizen. [R.]
Cit"i*zen*ship, n. The state
of being a citizen; the status of a citizen.
Cit"ole (?), n. [OF. citole,
fr. L. cithara. See Cittern.] (Mus.) A
musical instrument; a kind of dulcimer. [Obs.]
Cit`ra*con"ic (?), a.
[Citric + aconitic.] Pertaining to, derived
from, or having certain characteristics of, citric and aconitic
acids.
Citraconic acid (Chem.), a white,
crystalline, deliquescent substance,
C3H4(CO2H)2, obtained
by distillation of citric acid. It is a compound of the ethylene
series.
Cit"rate (?), n. [From
Citric.] (Chem.) A salt of citric
acid.
Cit"ric (?), a. [Cf. F.
citrique. See Citron.] (Chem.) Of,
pertaining to, or derived from, the citron or lemon; as,
citric acid.
Citric acid (Chem.), an organic
acid, C3H4OH.(CO2H)3,
extracted from lemons, currants, gooseberries, etc., as a white
crystalline substance, having a pleasant sour taste.
Cit`ri*na"tion (?), n. [See
Citrine.] The process by which anything becomes of
the color of a lemon; esp., in alchemy, the state of perfection
in the philosopher's stone indicated by its assuming a deep
yellow color. Thynne.
Cit"rine (?), a. [F. citrin.
See Citron.] Like a citron or lemon; of a lemon
color; greenish yellow.
Citrine ointment (Med.), a
yellowish mercurial ointment, the unguentum hydrargyri
nitratis.
Cit"rine, n. A yellow,
pellucid variety of quartz.
Cit"ron (s&ibreve;t"rŭn), n.
[F. citron, LL. citro, fr. L. citrus citron
tree (cf. citreum, sc. malum, a citron), from Gr.
ki`tron citron] 1. (Bot) A
fruit resembling a lemon, but larger, and pleasantly aromatic.
The thick rind, when candied, is the citron of
commerce.
2. A citron tree.
3. A citron melon.
Citron melon. (a) A
small variety of muskmelon with sugary greenish flesh.
(b) A small variety of watermelon, whose
solid white flesh is used in making sweetmeats and
preserves. -- Citron tree (Bot.),
the tree which bears citrons. It was probably a native of
northern India, and is now understood to be the typical form of
Citrus Medica.
||Cit"rus (s&ibreve;t"rŭs),
n. [L., a citron tree.] (Bot.) A
genus of trees including the orange, lemon, citron, etc.,
originally natives of southern Asia.
Cit"tern (?), n. [L.
cithara, Gr. kiqa`ra. Cf. Cithara,
Gittern.] (Mus.) An instrument shaped like a
lute, but strung with wire and played with a quill or
plectrum. [Written also cithern.] Shak.
&fist; Not to be confounded with zither.
Cit"tern-head` (?), n.
Blockhead; dunce; -- so called because the handle of a
cittern usually ended with a carved head.
Marsion
Cit"y (s&ibreve;t"&ybreve;), n.;
pl. Cities (-&ibreve;z). [OE.
cite, F. cité, fr. L. civitas
citizenship, state, city, fr. civis citizen; akin to Goth.
heiwa (in heiwafrauja man of the house), AS.
hīwan, pl., members of a family, servants,
hīred family, G. heirath marriage, prop.,
providing a house, E. hind a peasant.] 1.
A large town.
2. A corporate town; in the United
States, a town or collective body of inhabitants, incorporated
and governed by a mayor and aldermen or a city council consisting
of a board of aldermen and a common council; in Great Britain, a
town corporate, which is or has been the seat of a bishop, or the
capital of his see.
A city is a town incorporated; which is, or
has been, the see of a bishop; and though the bishopric has been
dissolved, as at Westminster, it yet remaineth a city.
Blackstone
When Gorges constituted York a city, he of
course meant it to be the seat of a bishop, for the word
city has no other meaning in English law.
Palfrey
3. The collective body of citizens, or
inhabitants of a city. "What is the city but the
people?" Shak.
Syn. -- See Village.
Cit"y, a. Of or pertaining to
a city. Shak.
City council. See under
Council. -- City court, The
municipal court of a city. [U. S.] -- City
ward, a watchman, or the collective watchmen, of a
city. [Obs.] Fairfax.
Cive (sīv), n. (Bot.)
Same as Chive.
Civ"et (s&ibreve;v"&ebreve;t), n.
[F. civette (cf. It. zibetto) civet, civet cat, fr.
LGr. zape`tion, fr. Ar. zubād,
zabād, civet.] 1. A substance,
of the consistence of butter or honey, taken from glands in the
anal pouch of the civet (Viverra civetta). It is of clear
yellowish or brownish color, of a strong, musky odor, offensive
when undiluted, but agreeable when a small portion is mixed with
another substance. It is used as a perfume.
2. (Zoöl) The animal that
produces civet (Viverra civetta); -- called also civet
cat. It is carnivorous, from two to three feet long, and of
a brownish gray color, with transverse black bands and spots on
the body and tail. It is a native of northern Africa and of Asia.
The name is also applied to other species of the subfamily
Viverrinae.
Civ"et (?), v. t. To scent or
perfume with civet. Cowper
Civ"ic (?), a. [L.civicus, fr.
civis citizen. See City.] Relating to, or
derived from, a city or citizen; relating to man as a member of
society, or to civil affairs.
Civic crown (Rom. Antiq.), a
crown or garland of oak leaves and acorns, bestowed on a soldier
who had saved the life of a citizen in battle.
Civ"i*cism (?), n. The
principle of civil government.
Civ"ics (?), n. The science of
civil government.
Civ"il (?), a. [L. civilis,
fr. civis citizen: cf. F. civil. See City.]
1. Pertaining to a city or state, or to a
citizen in his relations to his fellow citizens or to the state;
within the city or state.
2. Subject to government; reduced to
order; civilized; not barbarous; -- said of the
community.
England was very rude and barbarous; for it is but
even the other day since England grew civil.
Spenser.
3. Performing the duties of a citizen;
obedient to government; -- said of an individual.
Civil men come nearer the saints of God
than others; they come within a step or two of heaven.
Preston
4. Having the manners of one dwelling in
a city, as opposed to those of savages or rustics; polite;
courteous; complaisant; affable.
&fist; "A civil man now is one observant of slight
external courtesies in the mutual intercourse between man and
man; a civil man once was one who fulfilled all the duties
and obligations flowing from his position as a 'civis' and his
relations to the other members of that 'civitas.'"
Trench
5. Pertaining to civic life and affairs,
in distinction from military, ecclesiastical, or official
state.
6. Relating to rights and remedies sought
by action or suit distinct from criminal proceedings.
Civil action, an action to enforce the
rights or redress the wrongs of an individual, not involving a
criminal proceeding. -- Civil
architecture, the architecture which is employed in
constructing buildings for the purposes of civil life, in
distinction from military and naval architecture, as private
houses, palaces, churches, etc. -- Civil
death. (Law.) See under Death. -
- Civil engineering. See under
Engineering. -- Civil law. See
under Law. -- Civil list. See
under List. -- Civil remedy
(Law), that given to a person injured, by action, as
opposed to a criminal prosecution. -- Civil
service, all service rendered to and paid for by
the state or nation other than that pertaining to naval or
military affairs. -- Civil service reform,
the substitution of business principles and methods for the
spoils system in the conduct of the civil service, esp. in the
matter of appointments to office. -- Civil
state, the whole body of the laity or citizens not
included under the military, maritime, and ecclesiastical
states. -- Civil suit. Same as
Civil action. -- Civil war. See
under War. -- Civil year. See
under Year.
Ci*vil"ian (?), n. [From
Civil] 1. One skilled in the civil
law.
Ancient civilians and writers upon
government.
Swift.
2. A student of the civil law at a
university or college. R. Graves.
3. One whose pursuits are those of civil
life, not military or clerical.
Civ"il*ist (?), n. A
civilian. [R.] Warburton.
Ci*vil"i*ty (?), n.; pl.
Civilities (#). [L. civilitas: cf. F.
civilité. See Civil.] 1.
The state of society in which the relations and duties of a
citizen are recognized and obeyed; a state of civilization.
[Obs.]
Monarchies have risen from barbarrism to
civility, and fallen again to ruin.
Sir J. Davies.
The gradual depature of all deeper signification
from the word civility has obliged the creation of another
word -- civilization.
Trench.
2. A civil office, or a civil
process [Obs.]
To serve in a civility.
Latimer.
3. Courtesy; politeness; kind attention;
good breeding; a polite act or expression.
The insolent civility of a proud man is, if
possible, more shocking than his rudeness could be.
Chesterfield.
The sweet civilities of life.
Dryden.
Syn. -- Urbanity; affability; complaisance.
Civ"i*li`za*ble (?), a.
Capable of being civilized.
Civ`i*li*za"tion (?), n. [Cf. F.
civilisation.] 1. The act of
civilizing, or the state of being civilized; national culture;
refinement.
Our manners, our civilization, and all the good
things connected with manners, and with civilization,
have, in this European world of ours, depended for ages upon two
principles -- . . . the spirit of a gentleman, and spirit of
religion.
Burke
2. (Law) Rendering a criminal
process civil. [Obs.]
Civ"i*lize (?), v. t. [imp.
& p. p. Civilized (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Civilizing.] [Cf. F. civilizer, fr.L.
civilis civil. See Civil.] 1.
To reclaim from a savage state; to instruct in the rules and
customs of civilization; to educate; to refine.
Yet blest that fate which did his arms dispose
Her land to civilize, as to subdue.
Dryden
2. To admit as suitable to a civilized
state. [Obs. or R.] "Civilizing adultery."
Milton.
Syn. -- To polish; refine; humanize.
Civ"i*lized (?), a. Reclaimed
from savage life and manners; instructed in arts, learning, and
civil manners; refined; cultivated.
Sale of conscience and duty in open market is not
reconcilable with the present state of civilized
society.
J. Quincy.
Civ"i*li*zer (?), n. One who,
or that which, civilizes or tends to civilize.
Civ"i*ly (?), adv. In a civil
manner; as regards civil rights and privileges; politely;
courteously; in a well bred manner.
Civ"ism (?), n. [Cf. F.
civisme, fr.L. civis citizen.] State of
citizenship. [R.] Dyer.
Ciz"ar (?), v. i. [From
Cizars.] To clip with scissors. [Obs.]
Beau. & Fl.
Ciz"ars (?), n. pl.
Scissors. [Obs.] Swift.
Cize (?), n. Bulk; largeness.
[Obs.] See Size.
Clab"ber (?), n. [See
Bonnyclabber] Milk curdled so as to become
thick.
Clab"ber, v. i. To become
clabber; to lopper.
Clach"an (?), n. [Scot., fr. Gael.]
A small village containing a church. [Scot.] Sir
W. Scott
Sitting at the clachon alehouse.
R. L. Stevenson.
Clack (?), v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Clacked (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Clacking.] [Prob. of imitative origin; cf. F.
claquer to clap, crack, D. klakken, MHG.
klac crack, Ir. clagaim I make a noise, ring. Cf.
Clack, n., Clatter,
Click.] 1. To make a sudden, sharp
noise, or a succesion of such noises, as by striking an object,
or by collision of parts; to rattle; to click.
We heard Mr.Hodson's whip clacking on the
ahoulders of the poor little wretches.
Thackeray.
2. To utter words rapidly and
continually, or with abruptness; to let the tongue run.
Clack (?), v. t. 1.
To cause to make a sudden, sharp noise, or succession of
noises; to click.
2. To utter rapidly and
inconsiderately. Feltham.
To clack wool, to cut off the sheep's
mark, in order to make the wool weigh less and thus yield less
duty. [Eng.]
Clack, n. [Cf. F. claque a
slap or smack, MHG. klac crack, W. clec crack,
gossip. See Clack, v. t.]
1. A sharp, abrupt noise, or succession of
noises, made by striking an object.
2. Anything that causes a clacking noise,
as the clapper of a mill, or a clack valve.
3. Continual or importunate talk;
prattle; prating.
Whose chief intent is to vaunt his spiritual
clack.
South.
Clack box (Mach.), the box or
chamber in which a clack valve works. -- Clack
dish, a dish with a movable lid, formerly carried
by beggars, who clacked the lid to attract notice.
Shak.
Clack door (Mining), removable
cover of the opening through which access is had to a pump
valve. -- Clack valve (Mach.),
a valve; esp. one hinged at one edge, which, when raised from
its seat, falls with a clacking sound.
Clack"er (?), n. 1.
One who clacks; that which clacks; especially, the clapper
of a mill.
2. A claqueur. See
Claqueur.
Clad (?), v. t. To
clothe. [Obs.] Holland.
Clad, imp. & p. p. of
Clothe.
||Cla*doc"e*ra (?), n. pl. [NL.,
fr. Gr. &?; a sprout + &?; a horn.] (Zoöl.) An
order of the Entomostraca.
&fist; They have a bivalve shell, covering the body but not
the head, and from four to six pairs of legs and two pairs of
antenæ, for use in swimming. They mostly inhabit fresh
water.
Clad"o*phyll (?), n. [Gr. &?; a
sprout + &?; a leaf.] (Bot.) A special branch,
resembling a leaf, as in the apparent foliage of the broom
(Ruscus) and of the common cultivated smilax
(Myrsiphillum).
Clag"gy (?), a. [Cf. Clog.]
Adhesive; -- said of a roof in a mine to which coal
clings.
Claik (?), n. See
Clake.
Claim (klām), v.&?;.
[imp. & p. p. Claimed (klāmd);
p. pr. & vb. n. Claiming.] [OE.
clamen, claimen, OF. clamer, fr. L.
clamare to cry out, call; akin to calare to
proclaim, Gr. &?; to call, Skr. kal to sound, G.
holen to fetch, E. hale haul.] 1.
To ask for, or seek to obtain, by virtue of authority,
right, or supposed right; to challenge as a right; to demand as
due.
2. To proclaim. [Obs.]
Spenser.
3. To call or name. [Obs.]
Spenser.
4. To assert; to maintain.
[Colloq.]
Claim, v. i. To be entitled to
anything; to deduce a right or title; to have a claim.
We must know how the first ruler, from whom any
one claims, came by his authority.
Locke.
Claim, n. [Of. claim cry,
complaint, from clamer. See Claim, v. t.]
1. A demand of a right or supposed right; a
calling on another for something due or supposed to be due; an
assertion of a right or fact.
2. A right to claim or demand something;
a title to any debt, privilege, or other thing in possession of
another; also, a title to anything which another should give or
concede to, or confer on, the claimant. "A bar to all
claims upon land." Hallam.
3. The thing claimed or demanded; that
(as land) to which any one intends to establish a right; as a
settler's claim; a miner's claim. [U.S. &
Australia]
4. A loud call. [Obs.]
Spenser
To lay claim to, to demand as a
right. "Doth he lay claim to thine inheritance?"
Shak.
Claim"a*ble (?), a. Capable of
being claimed.
Claim"ant (?), n. [Cf. OF.
clamant, p. pr. of clamer. Cf. Clamant.]
One who claims; one who asserts a right or title; a
claimer.
Claim"er (?), n. One who
claims; a claimant.
Claim"less, a. Having no
claim.
||Clair"-ob*scur" (&?;), n. [F. See
Clare-obscure.] See Chiaroscuro.
Clair*voy"ance (?), n. [F.] A
power, attributed to some persons while in a mesmeric state, of
discering objects not perceptible by the senses in their normal
condition.
Clair*voy"ant (?), a. [F., fr.
clair clear + voyant, p. pr. of voir to see.
See Clear, and Vision.] Pertaining to
clairvoyance; discerning objects while in a mesmeric state which
are not present to the senses.
Clair*voy"ant n. One who is
able, when in a mesmeric state, to discern objects not present to
the senses.
{ Clake, Claik (?), } n.
(Zoöl.) The bernicle goose; -- called also
clack goose.
Clam (?), n. [Cf. Clamp,
Clam, v. t., Clammy.]
1. (Zoöl.) A bivalve mollusk of
many kinds, especially those that are edible; as, the long
clam (Mya arenaria), the quahog or round
clam (Venus mercenaria), the sea clam or hen
clam (Spisula solidissima), and other species of
the United States. The name is said to have been given originally
to the Tridacna gigas, a huge East Indian
bivalve.
You shall scarce find any bay or shallow shore, or
cove of sand, where you may not take many clampes, or
lobsters, or both, at your pleasure.
Capt. John Smith (1616).
Clams, or clamps, is a shellfish not
much unlike a cockle; it lieth under the sand.
Wood (1634).
2. (Ship Carp.) Strong pinchers
or forceps.
3. pl. (Mech.) A kind of
vise, usually of wood.
Blood clam. See under
Blood.
Clam (clăm), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Clammed (klămd);
p. pr. & vb. n. Clamming.] [Cf. AS.
clæman to clam, smear; akin to Icel. kleima
to smear, OHG. kleimjan, chleimen, to defile, or E.
clammy.] To clog, as with glutinous or viscous
matter.
A swarm of wasps got into a honey pot, and there
they cloyed and clammed Themselves till there was no
getting out again.
L'Estrange.
Clam, v. i. To be moist or
glutinous; to stick; to adhere. [R.] Dryden
Clam, n. Claminess;
moisture. [R.] "The clam of death."
Carlyle.
Clam, n. [Abbrev. fr.
clamor.] A crash or clangor made by ringing all the
bells of a chime at once. Nares.
Clam, v. t. & i. To produce,
in bell ringing, a clam or clangor; to cause to clang.
Nares.
Cla"mant (?), a. [L.
clamans, p. pr. of clamare to call. Cf. Claimant.]
Crying earnestly, beseeching clamorously.
"Clamant children." Thomson.
Cla*ma"tion (?), n. [LL.
clamatio, fr. L. clamare to call.] The act of
crying out. Sir T. Browne.
||Clam`a*to"res (?), n. pl. [L.
clamator, pl. clamatores, a bawler.]
(Zoöl.) A division of passerine birds in which
the vocal muscles are but little developed, so that they lack the
power of singing.
Clam`a*to"rial (?), a.
(Zoöl.) Like or pertaining to the
Clamatores.
Clam"bake (?), n. The backing
or steaming of clams on heated stones, between layers of seaweed;
hence, a picnic party, gathered on such an occasion.
Clam"ber (?), v. i. [imp. &
p. p. Clambered (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Clambering.] [OE clambren,
clameren, to heap together, climb; akin to Icel.
klambra to clamp, G. klammern. Cf. Clamp,
Climb.] To climb with difficulty, or with hands and
feet; -- also used figuratively.
The narrow street that clambered toward the
mill.
Tennyson.
Clam"ber, n. The act of
clambering. T. Moore.
Clam"ber, v. t. To ascend by
climbing with difficulty.
Clambering the walls to eye him.
Shak.
Clam*jam"phrie (?), n. Low,
worthless people; the rabble. [Scot.] Jamieson.
Clam"mi*ly (?), adv. In a
clammy manner. "Oozing so clammily."
Hood.
Clam"mi*ness, n. State of
being clammy or viscous.
Clam"my (?), a.
[Compar. Clammier (?); superl.
Clammiest.] [Cf. AS. clām clay. See
Clam to clog, and cf. Clay.] Having the
quality of being viscous or adhesive; soft and sticky; glutinous;
damp and adhesive, as if covered with a cold
perspiration.
Clam"or (?), n. [OF.
clamour, clamur, F. clameur, fr. L.
clamor, fr. clamare to cry out. See Claim.]
1. A great outcry or vociferation; loud and
continued shouting or exclamation. Shak.
2. Any loud and continued noise.
Addison.
3. A continued expression of
dissatisfaction or discontent; a popular outcry.
Macaulay.
Syn. -- Outcry; exclamation; noise; uproar.
Clam"or, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Clamored (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Clamoring.] 1. To salute
loudly. [R.]
The people with a shout
Rifted the air, clamoring their god with praise.
Milton.
2. To stun with noise. [R.]
Bacon.
3. To utter loudly or repeatedly; to
shout.
Clamored their piteous prayer
incessantly.
Longfellow.
To clamor bells, to repeat the strokes quickly so
as to produce a loud clang.
Bp. Warbur&?;ion.
Clam"or, v. i. To utter loud
sounds or outcries; to vociferate; to complain; to make
importunate demands.
The obscure bird
Clamored the livelong night.
Shak.
Clam"or*er (?), n. One who
clamors.
Clam"or*ous (?), a. [LL.
clamorosus, for L. Clamosus: cf. OF.
clamoreux.] Speaking and repeating loud words; full
of clamor; calling or demanding loudly or urgently; vociferous;
noisy; bawling; loud; turbulent. "My young ones were
clamorous for a morning's excursion." Southey.
-- Clam"or*ous*ly, adv. --
Clam"or*ous*ness, n.
Clamp (klămp), n. [Cf. LG. &
D. klamp, Dan. klampe, also D. klampen to
fasten, clasp. Cf. Clamber, Cramp.]
1. Something rigid that holds fast or binds
things together; a piece of wood or metal, used to hold two or
more pieces together.
2. (a) An instrument with
a screw or screws by which work is held in its place or two parts
are temporarily held together. (b)
(Joinery) A piece of wood placed across another, or
inserted into another, to bind or strengthen.
3. One of a pair of movable pieces of
lead, or other soft material, to cover the jaws of a vise and
enable it to grasp without bruising.
4. (Shipbuilding) A thick plank on
the inner part of a ship's side, used to sustain the ends of
beams.
5. A mass of bricks heaped up to be
burned; or of ore for roasting, or of coal for coking.
6. A mollusk. See Clam.
[Obs.]
Clamp nails, nails used to fasten on
clamps in ships.
Clamp (klămp), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Clamped (klămt;
215) p. pr. & vb. n. Clamping.]
1. To fasten with a clamp or clamps; to
apply a clamp to; to place in a clamp.
2. To cover, as vegetables, with
earth. [Eng.]
Clamp, n. [Prob. an imitative word.
Cf. Clank.] A heavy footstep; a tramp.
Clamp, v. i. To tread heavily
or clumsily; to clump.
The policeman with clamping feet.
Thackeray.
Clamp"er (?), n. An instrument
of iron, with sharp prongs, attached to a boot or shoe to enable
the wearer to walk securely upon ice; a creeper.
Kane.
Clan (klăn), n. [Gael.
clann offspring, descendants; akin to Ir. clann,
cland, offspring, tribe, family; perh. from L.
plania scion, slip, cutting. Cf. Plant,
n.] 1. A tribe or
collection of families, united under a chieftain, regarded as
having the same common ancestor, and bearing the same surname;
as, the clan of Macdonald. "I have marshaled my
clan." Campbell.
2. A clique; a sect, society, or body of
persons; esp., a body of persons united by some common interest
or pursuit; -- sometimes used contemptuously.
Partidge and the rest of his clan may hoot
me.
Smolett.
The whole clan of the enlightened among
us.
Burke.
Clan"cu*lar (?), a. [L.
clancularius , from clanculum secretly, adv. dim.
of clam secretly.] Conducted with secrecy;
clandestine; concealed. [Obs.]
Not close and clancular, but frank and
open.
Barrow.
Clan"cu*lar*ly, adv.
privately; secretly. [Obs.]
Clan*des"tine (?), a. [L.
clandestinus, fr. clam secretly; akin to
celare, E. conceal: cf. F. clandestin.]
Conducted with secrecy; withdrawn from public notice,
usually for an evil purpose; kept secret; hidden; private;
underhand; as, a clandestine marriage.
Locke.
Syn. -- Hidden; secret; private; concealed; underhand;
sly; stealthy; surreptitious; furtive; fraudulent.
-- Clan*des"tine*ly, adv. --
Clan*des"tine*ness, n.
Clan`des*tin"i*ty (?), n.
Privacy or secrecy. [R.]
Clang (klăng), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Clanged (klăngd);
p. pr. & vb. n. Clanging.] [L.
clangere; akin to Gr. kla`zein to clash,
scream; or perh. to E. clank.] To strike together so
as to produce a ringing metallic sound.
The fierce Caretes . . . clanged their
sounding arms.
Prior.
Clang, v. i. To give out a
clang; to resound. "Clanging hoofs."
Tennyson.
Clang, n. 1. A
loud, ringing sound, like that made by metallic substances when
clanged or struck together.
The broadsword's deadly clang,
As if a thousand anvils rang.
Sir W. Scott.
2. (Mus.) Quality of
tone.
Clan"gor (klă&nsm;"g&etilde;r),
n. [L., fr. clangere. See Clang,
v. t.] A sharp, harsh, ringing
sound. Dryden.
Clan"gor*ous (?), a. [LL.
clangorosus.] Making a clangor; having a ringing,
metallic sound.
Clan"gous (?), a. Making a
clang, or a ringing metallic sound. [Obs.]
Clan*jam"frie (?), n. Same as
Clamjamphrie. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.
Clank (klă&nsm;k), n. [Akin
to clink, and of imitative origin; cf. G. klang
sound, D. klank. Cf. Clang.] A sharp, brief,
ringing sound, made by a collision of metallic or other sonorous
bodies; -- usually expressing a duller or less resounding sound
than clang, and a deeper and stronger sound than
clink.
But not in chains to pine,
His spirit withered with tyeur clank.
Byron.
Clank, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Clanked (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Clanking.] To cause to sound with a
clank; as, the prisoners clank their chains.
Clank, v. i. To sound with a
clank.
Clank"less, a. Without a
clank. Byreon.
Clan"nish (?), a. Of or
pertaining to a clan; closely united, like a clan; disposed to
associate only with one's clan or clique; actuated by the
traditions, prejudices, habits, etc., of a clan.
-- Clan"nish*ly, adv. --
Clan"nish*ness, n.
Clan"ship, n. A state of being
united together as in a clan; an association under a
chieftain.
Clans"man (?), n.; pl.
Clansmen (#). One belonging to the same
clan with another.
Clap (klăp), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Clapped (klăpt);
p. pr. & vb. n. Clapping.] [AS.
clappan; akin to Icel. & Sw. klappa, D,
klappen, to clap, prate, G. klaffen, v. i., to
split open, yelp, klopfen, v. t. & i., to knock.]
1. To strike; to slap; to strike, or strike
together, with a quick motion, so, as to make a sharp noise; as,
to clap one's hands; a clapping of wings.
Then like a bird it sits and sings,
And whets and claps its silver wings.
Marvell.
2. To thrust, drive, put, or close, in a
hasty or abrupt manner; -- often followed by to,
into, on, or upon.
He had just time to get in and clap to the
door.
Locke
Clap an extinguaisher upon your irony.
Lamb.
3. To manifest approbation of, by
striking the hands together; to applaud; as, to clap a
performance.
To clap hands. (a) To
pledge faith by joining hands. [Obs.] Shak.
(b) To express contempt or derision.
[Obs.] Lam. ii. 15. -- To clap hold of,
to seize roughly or quickly. -- To clap
up. (a) To imprison hastily or
without due formality. (b) To make or
contrive hastily. [Obs.] "Was ever match clapped up
so suddenly?" Shak.
Clap (?), v. i. 1.
To knock, as at a door. [Obs.] Chaucer.
2. To strike the hands together in
applause.
Their ladies bid them clap.
Shak.
3. To come together suddenly with
noise.
The doors around me clapped.
Dryden.
4. To enter with alacrity and briskness;
-- with to or into. [Obs.] "Shall we
clap into it roundly, without . . . saying we are hoarse?"
Shak.
5. To talk noisily; to chatter
loudly. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Clap (klăp), n.
1. A loud noise made by sudden collision; a
bang. "Give the door such a clap, as you go out, as
will shake the whole room." Swift.
2. A burst of sound; a sudden
explosion.
Horrible claps of thunder.
Hakewill.
3. A single, sudden act or motion; a
stroke; a blow.
What, fifty of my followers at a clap!
Shak.
4. A striking of hands to express
approbation.
Unextrected claps or hisses.
Addison.
5. Noisy talk; chatter. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
6. (Falconry) The nether part of
the beak of a hawk.
Clap dish. See Clack dish, under
Clack, n. -- Clap
net, a net for taking birds, made to close or clap
together.
Clap (?), n. [Cf. OF.
clapoir.] Gonorrhea.
Clap"board (?), n.
1. A narrow board, thicker at one edge than
at the other; -- used for weatherboarding the outside of
houses. [U. S.]
2. A stave for a cask. [Eng.]
Halliwell.
Clap"board, v. t. To cover
with clapboards; as, to clapboard the sides of a
house. [U. S.] Bartlett.
{ Clap"bread` (?), Clap"cake` (?) },
n. Oatmeal cake or bread clapped or beaten
till it is thin. [Obs.] Halliwell.
Clape (?), n. (Zoöl.)
A bird; the flicker.
Clap"per (?), n. 1.
A person who claps.
2. That which strikes or claps, as the
tongue of a bell, or the piece of wood that strikes a mill
hopper, etc. See Illust. of Bell.
Clapper rail (Zoöl.), an
Americam species of rail (Rallus scepitans).
Clap"per, n. [F. clapier.]
A rabbit burrow. [Obs.]
Clap"per*claw (klăp"p&etilde;r*kl&add;),
v. t. [Clap + claw.]
1. To fight and scratch. C.
Smart.
2. To abuse with the tongue; to revile;
to scold.
Claps (klăp), v. t.
Variant of Clasp [Obs.] Chaucer.
Clap"trap` (klăp"trăp`),
n. 1. A contrivance for
clapping in theaters. [Obs.]
2. A trick or device to gain applause;
humbug.
Clap"trap`, a. Contrived for
the purpose of making a show, or gaining applause; deceptive;
unreal.
||Claque (?), n. [F.] A
collection of persons employed to applaud at a theatrical
exhibition.
||Cla`queur" (?), n. [F.] One
of the claque employed to applaud at a theater.
Clare (?), n. A nun of the
order of St. Clare.
Clar"ence (?), n. A close
four-wheeled carriage, with one seat inside, and a seat for the
driver.
{ Clar"en*ceux, Clar"en*cieux } (?),
n. (Her.) See King-at-
arms.
Clar"en*don (?), n. A style of
type having a narrow and heave face. It is made in all
sizes.
&fist; This line is in nonpareil Clarendon.
Clare"-ob*scure" (?), n. [L.
clarus clear + obscurus obscure; cf. F. clair-
obscur. Cf. Chiaroscuro.] (Painting) See
Chiaroscuro.
Clar"et (klăr"&ebreve;t), n.
[OE. claret, clare, clarry, OF.
claret, claré, fr. cler, F.
clair, clear, fr. L. clarus clear. See
Clear.] The name first given in England to the red
wines of Médoc, in France, and afterwards extended to all
the red Bordeaux wines. The name is also given to similar wines
made in the United States.
Clar`i*bel"la (?), n. [NL., from L.
clarus clear + bellus fine.] (Mus.) A
soft, sweet stop, or set of open wood pipes in an
organ.
Clar"i*chord (?), n. [F.
clatocorde, fr.L. clarus clear + chorda
string. See Chord.] A musical instrument, formerly in
use, in form of a spinet; -- called also manichord and
clavichord.
Clar`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [Cf. F.
clarification, L. clarificatio glorification.]
1. The act or process of making clear or
transparent, by freeing visible impurities; as, the
clarification of wine.
2. The act of freeing from
obscurities.
The clarification of men's ideas.
Whewell.
Clar"i*fi`er (?), n.
1. That which clarifies.
2. A vessel in which the process of
clarification is conducted; as, the clarifier in sugar
works. Ure.
Clar"i*fy (?), v. t. [imp.
& p. p. Clarified (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Clarifying.] [F. clarifier, from L.
clarificare; clarus clear + facere to make.
See Clear, and Fact.] 1. To
make clear or bright by freeing from feculent matter; to
defecate; to fine; -- said of liquids, as wine or sirup.
"Boiled and clarified." Ure.
2. To make clear; to free from
obscurities; to brighten or illuminate.
To clarify his reason, and to rectify his
will.
South.
3. To glorify. [Obs.]
Fadir, clarifie thi name.
Wyclif (John ii. 28).
Clar"i*fy, v. i. 1.
To grow or become clear or transparent; to become free from
feculent impurities, as wine or other liquid under
clarification.
2. To grow clear or bright; to clear
up.
Whosoever hath his mind fraught with many
thoughts, his wits and understanding do clarify and break
up in the discoursing with another.
Bacon.
Clar"i*gate (?), v. i. [L.
clarigare] To declare war with certain
ceremonies. [Obs.] Holland.
Clar"i*net` (?), n. [F.
clarinette, dim. of clarine, from L. clarus.
See Clear, and cf. Clarion.] (Mus.) A
wind instrument, blown by a single reed, of richer and fuller
tone than the oboe, which has a double reed. It is the leading
instrument in a military band. [Often improperly called
clarionet.]
||Cla*ri"no (?), n. [It. a
trumpet.] (Mus.) A reed stop in an organ.
Clar"i*on (?), n. [OE.
clarioun, OF. clarion, F. clairon, LL.
clario, claro; so called from its clear tone, fr.
L. clarus clear. See Clear.] A kind of
trumpet, whose note is clear and shrill.
He sounds his imperial clarion along the
whole line of battle.
E. Everett.
Clar`i*o*net" (?), n. [See
Clarion, Clarinet.] (Mus.) See
Clarinet.
Cla*ris"o*nus (?), a. [L.
clarisonus; clarus + sonus.] Having a clear
sound. [Obs.] Ash.
Clar"i*tude (?), n. [L.
claritudo, fr. clarus clear.] Clearness;
splendor. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.
Clar"i*ty (?), n. [L.
claritas, fr. clarus clear: cf. F.
clarté.] Clearness; brightness;
splendor.
Floods, in whose more than crystal
clarity,
Innumerable virgin graces row.
Beaumont.
Cla"ro-ob*scu"ro (?), n. See
Chiaroscuro.
Clar`ré", n. [See
Claret.] Wine with a mixture of honey and
species. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Clart (?), v. t. [Cf. Armor.
kalar mud, mire, kalara to dirt, Sw. lort
mud.] To daub, smear, or spread, as with mud, etc.
[Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.
Clart"y (?), a. Sticky and
foul; muddy; filthy; dirty. [Prov. Eng.]
Halliwell.
Clar"y (?), v. i. [Cf.
Clarion.] To make a loud or shrill noise.
[Obs.] Golding.
Cla"ry (?), n. [Cf. LL.
sclarea, scarlea, D. & G. scharlei, F.
sclarée.] (Bot.) A plant (Salvia
sclarea) of the Sage family, used in flavoring
soups.
Clary water, a composition of clary
flowers with brandy, etc., formerly used as a cardiac.
Clash (?), v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Clashed (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Clashing.] [Of imitative origin; cf. G.
klatschen, Prov. G. kleschen, D. kletsen,
Dan. klaske, E. clack.] 1. To
make a noise by striking against something; to dash noisily
together.
2. To meet in opposition; to act in a
contrary direction; to come onto collision; to
interfere.
However some of his interests might clash
with those of the chief adjacent colony.
Palfrey.
Clash, v. t. To strike noisily
against or together.
Clash n. 1. A
loud noise resulting from collision; a noisy collision of bodies;
a collision.
The roll of cannon and clash of arms.
Tennyson.
2. Opposition; contradiction; as between
differing or contending interests, views, purposes,
etc.
Clashes between popes and kings.
Denham.
Clash"ing*ly, adv. With
clashing.
Clasp (?), v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Clasped (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Clasping] [OE. claspen,
clapsen, prob. akin to E. clap.] 1.
To shut or fasten together with, or as with, a clasp; to
shut or fasten (a clasp, or that which fastens with a
clasp).
2. To inclose and hold in the hand or
with the arms; to grasp; to embrace.
3. To surround and cling to; to entwine
about. "Clasping ivy." Milton.
Clasp, n. 1.
An adjustable catch, bent plate, or hook, for holding
together two objects or the parts of anything, as the ends of a
belt, the covers of a book, etc.
2. A close embrace; a throwing of the
arms around; a grasping, as with the hand.
Clasp knife, a large knife, the blade of
which folds or shuts into the handle. -- Clasp
lock, a lock which closes or secures itself by
means of a spring.
Clasp"er (?), n. 1.
One who, or that which, clasps, as a tendril. "The
claspers of vines." Derham.
2. (Zoöl.) (a)
One of a pair of organs used by the male for grasping the
female among many of the Crustacea. (b)
One of a pair of male copulatory organs, developed on the
anterior side of the ventral fins of sharks and other
elasmobranchs. See Illust. of
Chimæra.
Clasp"ered (?), a. Furnished
with tendrils.
Class (kl&adot;s), n. [F.
classe, fr. L. classis class, collection, fleet;
akin to Gr. klh^sis a calling, kalei^n to
call, E. claim, haul.] 1. A
group of individuals ranked together as possessing common
characteristics; as, the different classes of society; the
educated class; the lower classes.
2. A number of students in a school or
college, of the same standing, or pursuing the same
studies.
3. A comprehensive division of animate or
inanimate objects, grouped together on account of their common
characteristics, in any classification in natural science, and
subdivided into orders, families, tribes, genera, etc.
4. A set; a kind or description, species
or variety.
She had lost one class energies.
Macaulay.
5. (Methodist Church) One of the
sections into which a church or congregation is divided, and
which is under the supervision of a class
leader.
Class of a curve (Math.), the
kind of a curve as expressed by the number of tangents that can
be drawn from any point to the curve. A circle is of the second
class. -- Class meeting (Methodist
Church), a meeting of a class under the charge of a class
leader, for counsel and relegious instruction.
Class (?), v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Classed (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Classing.] [Cf. F. classer. See
Class, n.] 1. To
arrange in classes; to classify or refer to some class; as, to
class words or passages.
&fist; In scientific arrangement, to classify is used
instead of to class. Dana.
2. To divide into classes, as students;
to form into, or place in, a class or classes.
Class, v. i. To grouped or
classed.
The genus or famiky under which it
classes.
Tatham.
Class"i*ble (?), a. Capable of
being classed.
{ Clas"sic (?), Clas"sic*al (?), }
a. [L. classicus relating to the classes
of the Roman people, and especially to the frist class; hence, of
the first rank, superior, from classis class: cf. F.
classique. See Class, n.]
1. Of or relating to the first class or
rank, especially in literature or art.
Give, as thy last memorial to the age,
One classic drama, and reform the stage.
Byron.
Mr. Greaves may justly be reckoned a
classical author on this subject [Roman weights and
coins].
Arbuthnot.
2. Of or pertaining to the ancient Greeks
and Romans, esp. to Greek or Roman authors of the highest rank,
or of the period when their best literature was produced; of or
pertaining to places inhabited by the ancient Greeks and Romans,
or rendered famous by their deeds.
Though throned midst Latium's classic
plains.
Mrs. Hemans.
The epithet classical, as applied to
ancient authors, is determined less by the purity of their style
than by the period at which they wrote.
Brande & C.
He [Atterbury] directed the classical
studies of the undergraduates of his college.
Macaulay.
3. Conforming to the best authority in
literature and art; chaste; pure; refined; as, a classical
style.
Classical, provincial, and national
synods.
Macaulay.
Classicals orders. (Arch.) See
under Order.
Clas"sic, n. 1.
A work of acknowledged excellence and authority, or its
author; -- originally used of Greek and Latin works or authors,
but now applied to authors and works of a like character in any
language.
In is once raised him to the rank of a legitimate
English classic.
Macaulay.
2. One learned in the literature of
Greece and Rome, or a student of classical literature.
Clas"sic*al*ism (?), n.
1. A classical idiom, style, or expression;
a classicism.
2. Adherence to what are supposed or
assumed to be the classical canons of art.
Clas"sic*al*ist, n. One who
adheres to what he thinks the classical canons of art.
Ruskin.
{ Clas`si*cal"i*ty (?), Clas"sic*al*ness
(?), } n. The quality of being
classical.
Clas"sic*al*ly, adv.
1. In a classical manner; according to the
manner of classical authors.
2. In the manner of classes; according to
a regular order of classes or sets.
Clas"si*cism (?), n. A classic
idiom or expression; a classicalism. C.
Kingsley.
Clas"si*cist (?), n. One
learned in the classics; an advocate for the classics.
Clas"si*fi`a*ble (?), a.
Capable of being classified.
Clas*sif"ic (?), a.
Characterizing a class or classes; relating to
classification.
Clas`si*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [Cf. F.
classification.] The act of forming into a class or
classes; a distribution into groups, as classes, orders,
families, etc., according to some common relations or
affinities.
Artificial classification. (Science)
See under Artifitial.
Clas"si*fi*ca`to*ry (?), a.
Pertaining to classification; admitting of
classification. "A classificatory system."
Earle.
Clas"si*fi`er (?), n. One who
classifies.
Clas"si*fy (?), v. t. [imp.
& pp. Classified (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Classifying.] [L. classis class + &?;]
To distribute into classes; to arrange according to a
system; to arrange in sets according to some method founded on
common properties or characters.
Syn. -- To arrange; distribute; rank.
||Clas"sis (?), n.; pl.
Classes (#). [L. See Class,
n.] 1. A class or order;
sort; kind. [Obs.]
His opinion of that classis of men.
Clarendon.
2. (Eccl.) An ecclesiastical body
or judicatory in certain churches, as the Reformed Dutch. It is
intermediate between the consistory and the synod, and
corresponds to the presbytery in the Presbyterian
church.
Class"man (?), n.; pl.
Classmen(#). 1. A member
of a class; a classmate.
2. A candidate for graduation in arts who
is placed in an honor class, as opposed to a passman, who is not
classified. [Oxford, Eng.]
Class"mate` (?), n. One who is
in the same class with another, as at school or
college.
Clas"tic (?), a. [Gr. &?; br&?;,
fr. &?; to break.] 1. Pertaining to what may
be taken apart; as, clastic anatomy (of models).
2. (Min.) Fragmental; made up of
brok&?; fragments; as, sandstone is a clastic
rock.
Clath"rate (klăth"r&asl;t),
a. [L. clathri lattice, Gr.
klh,qra.] 1. (Bot.) Shaped
like a lattice; cancellate. Gray.
2. (Zoöl.) Having the surface
marked with raised lines resembling a lattice, as many
shells.
Clat"ter (klăt"t&etilde;r), v.
i. [imp. & p. p. Clattered (-
t&etilde;rd); p. pr. & vb. n.
Clattering.] [AS. clatrung a rattle, akin to D.
klateren to rattle. Cf. Clack.] 1.
To make a rattling sound by striking hard bodies together;
to make a succession of abrupt, rattling sounds.
Clattering loud with iron clank.
Longfellow.
2. To talk fast and noisily; to rattle
with the tongue.
I see thou dost but clatter.
Spenser.
Clat"ter, v. t. To make a
rattling noise with.
You clatter still your brazen kettle.
Swift.
Clat"ter, n. 1.
A rattling noise, esp. that made by the collision of hard
bodies; also, any loud, abrupt sound; a repetition of abrupt
sounds.
The goose let fall a golden egg
With cackle and with clatter.
Tennyson.
2. Commotion; disturbance. "Those
mighty feats which made such a clatter in story."
Barrow.
3. Rapid, noisy talk; babble;
chatter. "Hold still thy clatter." Towneley
Myst. (15 th Cent. ).
Throw by your clatter
And handle the matter.
B. Jonson
Clat"ter*er (?), n. One who
clatters.
Clat"ter*ing*ly, adv. With
clattering.
Claude" Lor*raine" glass` (?). [Its name is supposed
to be derived from the similarity of the effects it gives to
those of a picture by Claude Lorrain (often written
Lorraine).] A slightly convex mirror, commonly of
black glass, used as a toy for viewing the reflected
landscape.
Clau"dent (?), a. [L.
claudens, p. pr. of claudere to shut.]
Shutting; confining; drawing together; as, a claudent
muscle. [R.] Jonson
Clau"di*cant (?), a. [L.
claudicans, p. pr. of claudicare to limp, fr.
claudus lame.] Limping. [R.]
Clau`di*ca"tion (?), n. [L.
claudicatio.] A halting or limping. [R.]
Tatler.
Clause (?), n. [F. clause,
LL. clausa, equiv. to L. clausula clause, prop.,
close of &?; rhetorical period, close, fr. claudere to
shut, to end. See Close.] 1. A
separate portion of a written paper, paragraph, or sentence; an
article, stipulation, or proviso, in a legal document.
The usual attestation clause to a will.
Bouvier.
2. (Gram.) A subordinate portion
or a subdivision of a sentence containing a subject and its
predicate.
Clause, n. [Obs.] See
Letters clause or close, under Letter.
Claus"tral (?), a. [F., fr. LL.
claustralis, fr. L. claustrum. See
Cloister.] Cloistral. Ayliffe
||Claus"trum (?), n.; pl.
Claustra. [L., a bolt or bar.] (Anat.)
A thin lamina of gray matter in each cerebral hemisphere of
the brain of man. -- Claus"tral,
a.
Clau"su*lar (?; 135), a. [From L.
clausula. See Clause, n.]
Consisting of, or having, clauses. Smart.
Clau"sure (?; 135), n. [L.
clausura. See Closure.] The act of shutting up
or confining; confinement. [R.] Geddes.
{ Cla"vate (?), Cla"va*ted (?), }
a. [L. clava club.] (Bot. &
Zoöl.) Club-shaped; having the form of a club;
growing gradually thicker toward the top. [See Illust. of
Antennae.]
Clave (?), imp. of
Cleave. [Obs.]
Clav"e*cin (?), n. [F.] The
harpsichord.
Cla"vel (?), n. See
Clevis.
Clav"el*late (?), a. See
Clavate.
Clav"el*la`ted (?), a. [Cf. LL.
cineres clavelatti ashes of burnt lees or dregs of wine,
F. clavel an inferior sort of soda, E. clavate.]
(Old Chem.) Said of potash, probably in reference to
its having been obtained from billets of wood by burning.
[Obs.]
Clav"er (?), n. [Obs.] See
Clover. Holland.
Clav"er, n. Frivolous or
nonsensical talk; prattle; chattering. [Scot. & North of
Eng.]
Emmy found herself entirely at a loss in the midst
of their clavers.
Thackeray.
Clav"i*chord (?), n. [F.
clavicorde, fr. L. clavis key + chorda
string.] (Mus.) A keyed stringed instrument, now
superseded by the pianoforte. See Clarichord.
Clav"i*cle (?), n. [F.
clavicule, fr. L. clavicula a little key, tendril,
dim. of clavis key, akin to claudere to shut. See
Close, and cf. Clef.] (Anat.) The
collar bone, which is joined at one end to the scapula, or
shoulder blade, and at the other to the sternum, or breastbone.
In man each clavicle is shaped like the letter &?;, and is
situated just above the first rib on either side of the neck. In
birds the two clavicles are united ventrally, forming the
merrythought, or wishbone.
Clav"i*corn (?), a. [Cf. F.
clavicorne.] (Zoöl.) Having club-shaped
antennæ. See Antennæ --
n. One of the Clavicornes.
||Clav`i*cor"nes (?), n. pl. [NL.;
Fr. L. clava club + cornu horn.]
(Zoöl.) A group of beetles having club-shaped
antennæ.
Cla*vic"u*lar (?), a. [Cf. F.
claviculaire. See Clavicle.] (Anat.) Of
or pertaining to the clavicle.
Cla"vi*er (? F. ?), n. [F., fr. L.
clavis key.] (Mus.) The keyboard of an organ,
pianoforte, or harmonium.
&fist; Clavier (&?;) is the German name for a
pianoforte.
Clav"i*form (?), a. [L.
clava club + -form.] (Bot.) Club-
shaped; clavate. Craig.
||Clav"i*ger (?), n. [L., fr.
clavis key + gerere to carry.] One who carries
the keys of any place.
||Clav"i*ger, n. [L., fr.
clava club + gerere to carry.] One who carries
a club; a club bearer.
Cla*vig"er*ous (?), a. Bearing
a club or a key.
||Cla"vis (?), n.; pl. L.
Claves (#), E. Clavises (#).
[L.] A key; a glossary.
||Cla"vus (?), n. [L., a nail.]
A callous growth, esp. one the foot; a corn.
Cla"vy (?), n.; pl.
Clavies (#). [Cf. F. claveau centerpiece
of an arch.] (Arch.) A mantelpiece.
Claw (kl&add;), n. [AS.
clawu, clā, cleó; akin to D.
klaauw, G. klaue, Icel. klō, Sw. &
Dan. klo, and perh. to E. clew.] 1.
A sharp, hooked nail, as of a beast or bird.
2. The whole foot of an animal armed with
hooked nails; the pinchers of a lobster, crab, etc.
3. Anything resembling the claw of an
animal, as the curved and forked end of a hammer for drawing
nails.
4. (Bot.) A slender appendage or
process, formed like a claw, as the base of petals of the
pink. Gray.
Claw hammer, a hammer with one end of
the metallic head cleft for use in extracting nails, etc. --
Claw hammer coat, a dress coat of the
swallowtail pattern. [Slang] -- Claw
sickness, foot rot, a disease affecting
sheep.
Claw (kl&add;), v. t. [imp.
& p. p. Clawed (kl&add;d); p. pr. & vb.
n. Clawing.] [AS. clawan. See
Claw, n.] 1. To
pull, tear, or scratch with, or as with, claws or
nails.
2. To relieve from some uneasy sensation,
as by scratching; to tickle; hence, to flatter; to court.
[Obs.]
Rich men they claw, soothe up, and flatter;
the poor they contemn and despise.
Holland.
3. To rail at; to scold. [Obs.]
In the aforesaid preamble, the king fairly claweth
the great monasteries, wherein, saith he, religion, thanks be to
God, is right well kept and observed; though he claweth
them soon after in another acceptation.
T. Fuller
Claw me, claw thee, stand by me and I
will stand by you; -- an old proverb. Tyndale. --
To claw away, to scold or revile. "The
jade Fortune is to be clawed away for it, if you should
lose it." L'Estrange. -- To claw (one) on the
back, to tickle; to express approbation.
(Obs.) Chaucer. -- To claw (one) on the
gall, to find fault with; to vex. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Claw, v. i. To scrape,
scratch, or dig with a claw, or with the hand as a claw.
"Clawing [in ash barrels] for bits of coal." W. D.
Howells.
To claw off (Naut.), to turn to
windward and beat, to prevent falling on a lee shore.
Claw"back` (?), n. A flatterer
or sycophant. [Obs.] "Take heed of these clawbacks."
Latimer.
Claw"back`, a. Flattering;
sycophantic. [Obs.]
Like a clawback parasite.
Bp. Hall.
Claw"back`, v. t. To
flatter. [Obs.] Warner.
Clawed (kl&add;d), a.
Furnished with claws. N. Grew.
Claw"less, a. Destitute of
claws.
Clay (klā), n. [AS.
cl&aemacr;g; akin to LG. klei, D. klei, and
perh. to AS. clām clay, L. glus,
gluten glue, Gr. gloio`s glutinous substance,
E. glue. Cf. Clog.] 1. A soft
earth, which is plastic, or may be molded with the hands,
consisting of hydrous silicate of aluminium. It is the result of
the wearing down and decomposition, in part, of rocks containing
aluminous minerals, as granite. Lime, magnesia, oxide of iron,
and other ingredients, are often present as impurities.
2. (Poetry & Script.) Earth in
general, as representing the elementary particles of the human
body; hence, the human body as formed from such
particles.
I also am formed out of the clay.
Job xxxiii. 6.
The earth is covered thick with other
clay,
Which her own clay shall cover.
Byron.
Bowlder clay. See under
Bowlder. -- Brick clay, the
common clay, containing some iron, and therefore turning red when
burned. -- Clay cold, cold as clay or
earth; lifeless; inanimate. -- Clay
ironstone, an ore of iron consisting of the oxide
or carbonate of iron mixed with clay or sand. --
Clay marl, a whitish, smooth, chalky
clay. -- Clay mill, a mill for mixing
and tempering clay; a pug mill. -- Clay
pit, a pit where clay is dug. -- Clay
slate (Min.), argillaceous schist;
argillite. -- Fatty clays, clays
having a greasy feel; they are chemical compounds of water,
silica, and aluminia, as halloysite, bole,
etc. -- Fire clay , a variety of clay,
entirely free from lime, iron, or an alkali, and therefore
infusible, and used for fire brick. -- Porcelain
clay, a very pure variety, formed directly from the
decomposition of feldspar, and often called kaolin. -
- Potter's clay, a tolerably pure kind,
free from iron.
Clay, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Clayed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Claying.] 1. To cover or manure with
clay.
2. To clarify by filtering through clay,
as sugar.
Clay"-brained` (?), a.
Stupid. [Obs.] Shak.
Clayes (?), n. pl. [F. claie
hurdle.] (Fort.) Wattles, or hurdles, made with
stakes interwoven with osiers, to cover lodgments.
[Obs.]
Clay"ey (?), a. Consisting of
clay; abounding with clay; partaking of clay; like
clay.
Clay"ish, a. Partaking of the
nature of clay, or containing particles of it.
Clay"more` (?), n. [Gael.
claidheamhmor a broadsword; Gael. claidheamh sword
+ mor great, large. Cf. Claymore.] A large
two-handed sword used formerly by the Scottish
Highlanders.
||Clay*to"ni*a (?), n. [Named after
Dr.John Clayton, an American botanist.] (Bot.)
An American genus of perennial herbs with delicate blossoms;
-- sometimes called spring beauty.
Clead"ing (?), n. [Scot., clothing.
See Cloth.]
1. A jacket or outer covering of wood,
etc., to prevent radiation of heat, as from the boiler, cylinder.
etc., of a steam engine.
2. The planking or boarding of a shaft,
cofferdam, etc.
Clean (klēn), a.
[Compar. Cleaner (&?;);
superl. Cleanest.] [OE. clene,
AS. cl&aemacr;ne; akin to OHG. chleini pure, neat,
graceful, small, G. klein small, and perh. to W.
glan clean, pure, bright; all perh. from a primitive,
meaning bright, shining. Cf. Glair.]
1. Free from dirt or filth; as, clean
clothes.
2. Free from that which is useless or
injurious; without defects; as, clean land; clean
timber.
3. Free from awkwardness; not bungling;
adroit; dexterous; as, a clean trick; a clean leap
over a fence.
4. Free from errors and vulgarisms; as, a
clean style.
5. Free from restraint or neglect;
complete; entire.
When ye reap the harvest of your land, thou shalt
not make clean riddance of corners of thy field.
Lev. xxiii. 22.
6. Free from moral defilement; sinless;
pure.
Create in me a clean heart, O God.
Ps. li. 10
That I am whole, and clean, and meet for
Heaven
Tennyson.
7. (Script.) Free from ceremonial
defilement.
8. Free from that which is corrupting to
the morals; pure in tone; healthy. "Lothair is
clean." F. Harrison.
9. Well-proportioned; shapely; as,
clean limbs.
A clean bill of health, a certificate
from the proper authority that a ship is free from
infection. -- Clean breach. See under
Breach, n., 4. -- To make a
clean breast. See under Breast.
Clean, adv. 1.
Without limitation or remainder; quite; perfectly; wholly;
entirely. "Domestic broils clean overblown."
Shak.
"Clean contrary." Milton.
All the people were passed clean over
Jordan.
Josh. iii. 17.
2. Without miscarriage; not bunglingly;
dexterously. [Obs.] "Pope came off clean with
Homer." Henley.
Clean (klēn), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Cleaned (klēnd);
p. pr. & vb. n. Cleaning.] [See
Clean, a., and cf. Cleanse.]
To render clean; to free from whatever is foul, offensive,
or extraneous; to purify; to cleanse.
To clean out, to exhaust; to empty; to
get away from (one) all his money. [Colloq.] De
Quincey.
Clean"-cut` (klēn"kŭt),
a. See Clear-cut.
Clean"er (?), n. One who, or
that which, cleans.
Clean"ing, n. 1.
The act of making clean.
2. The afterbirth of cows, ewes,
etc. Gardner.
Clean"li*ly (?), adv. In a
cleanly manner.
Clean"-limbed` (?), a. With
well-proportioned, unblemished limbs; as, a clean-limbed
young fellow. Dickens.
Clean"li*ness (kl&ebreve;n"l&ibreve;*n&ebreve;s),
n. [From Cleanly.] State of being
cleanly; neatness of person or dress.
Cleanliness from head to heel.
Swift.
Clean"ly (?), a.
[Compar. Cleanlier (?);
superl. Cleanliest.] [From
Clean.] 1. Habitually clean; pure;
innocent. "Cleanly joys." Glanvill.
Some plain but cleanly country maid.
Dryden.
Displays her cleanly platter on the
board.
Goldsmith.
2. Cleansing; fitted to remove moisture;
dirt, etc. [Obs.] "With cleanly powder dry their
hair." Prior.
3. Adroit; skillful; dexterous;
artful. [Obs.]
Through his fine handling and his cleanly
play.
Spenser.
Clean"ly (?), adv.
1. In a clean manner; neatly.
He was very cleanly dressed.
Dickens.
2. Innocently; without stain.
Shak.
3. Adroitly; dexterously.
Middleton.
Clean"ness, n. [AS.
cl&?;nnes. See Clean.] 1. The
state or quality of being clean.
2. Purity of life or language; freedom
from licentious courses. Chaucer.
Cleans"a*ble (kl&ebreve;nz"&adot;*b'l),
a. Capable of being cleansed.
Sherwood.
Cleanse (kl&ebreve;nz), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Cleansed (kl&ebreve;nzd);
p. pr. & vb. n. Cleansing.] [AS.
cl&aemacr;nsian, fr. cl&aemacr;ne clean. See
Clean.] To render clean; to free from fith,
pollution, infection, guilt, etc.; to clean.
If we walk in the light . . . the blood of Jesus
Christ his son cleanseth us from all sin.
1 John i. 7.
Can'st thou not minister to a mind diseased,
And with some sweet oblivious antidote
Cleanse the suffed bosom of that perilous stuff
Which weighs upon the heart?
Shak.
Cleans"er (-&etilde;r), n. [AS.
cl&aemacr;nsere.] One who, or that which, cleanses; a
detergent. Arbuthnot.
Clean"-tim`bered (?), a. Well-
proportioned; symmetrical. [Poetic] Shak.
Clear (klēr), a.
[Compar. Clearer (-&etilde;r);
superl. Clearest.] [OE. cler,
cleer, OF. cler, F. clair, fr.L.
clarus, clear, bright, loud, distinct, renowned; perh.
akin to L. clamare to call, E. claim. Cf.
Chanticleer, Clairvoyant, Claret,
Clarify.] 1. Free from opaqueness;
transparent; bright; light; luminous; unclouded.
The stream is so transparent, pure, and
clear.
Denham.
Fair as the moon, clear as the sun.
Canticles vi. 10.
2. Free from ambiguity or indistinctness;
lucid; perspicuous; plain; evident; manifest;
indubitable.
One truth is clear; whatever is, is
right.
Pope.
3. Able to perceive clearly; keen; acute;
penetrating; discriminating; as, a clear intellect; a
clear head.
Mother of science! now I feel thy power
Within me clear, not only to discern
Things in their causes, but to trace the ways
Of highest agents.
Milton.
4. Not clouded with passion; serene;
cheerful.
With a countenance as clear
As friendship wears at feasts.
Shak.
5. Easily or distinctly heard; audible;
canorous.
Hark! the numbers soft and clear
Gently steal upon the ear.
Pope.
6. Without mixture; entirely pure; as,
clear sand.
7. Without defect or blemish, such as
freckles or knots; as, a clear complexion; clear
lumber.
8. Free from guilt or stain;
unblemished.
Statesman, yet friend to truth! in soul
sincere,
In action faithful, and in honor clear.
Pope.
9. Without diminution; in full; net; as,
clear profit.
I often wished that I had clear,
For life, six hundred pounds a-year.
Swift.
10. Free from impediment or obstruction;
unobstructed; as, a clear view; to keep clear of
debt.
My companion . . . left the way clear for
him.
Addison.
11. Free from embarrassment; detention,
etc.
The cruel corporal whispered in my ear,
Five pounds, if rightly tipped, would set me clear.
Gay.
Clear breach. See under Breach,
n., 4. -- Clear days
(Law.), days reckoned from one day to another,
excluding both the first and last day; as, from Sunday to Sunday
there are six clear days. -- Clear
stuff, boards, planks, etc., free from
knots.
Syn. -- Manifest; pure; unmixed; pellucid; transparent;
luminous; obvious; visible; plain; evident; apparent; distinct;
perspicuous. See Manifest.
Clear (klēr), n.
(Carp.) Full extent; distance between extreme limits;
especially; the distance between the nearest surfaces of two
bodies, or the space between walls; as, a room ten feet square in
the clear.
Clear, adv. 1.
In a clear manner; plainly.
Now clear I understand
What oft . . . thoughts have searched in vain.
Milton.
2. Without limitation; wholly; quite;
entirely; as, to cut a piece clear off.
Clear, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Cleared (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Clearing.] 1. To render
bright, transparent, or undimmed; to free from clouds.
He sweeps the skies and clears the cloudy
north.
Dryden.
2. To free from impurities; to clarify;
to cleanse.
3. To free from obscurity or ambiguity;
to relive of perplexity; to make perspicuous.
Many knotty points there are
Which all discuss, but few can clear.
Prior.
4. To render more quick or acute, as the
understanding; to make perspicacious.
Our common prints would clear up their
understandings.
Addison
5. To free from impediment or
incumbrance, from defilement, or from anything injurious,
useless, or offensive; as, to clear land of trees or
brushwood, or from stones; to clear the sight or the
voice; to clear one's self from debt; -- often used with
of, off, away, or out.
Clear your mind of cant.
Dr. Johnson.
A statue lies hid in a block of marble; and the
art of the statuary only clears away the superfluous
matter.
Addison.
6. To free from the imputation of guilt;
to justify, vindicate, or acquit; -- often used with from
before the thing imputed.
I . . . am sure he will clear me from
partiality.
Dryden.
How! wouldst thou clear rebellion?
Addison.
7. To leap or pass by, or over, without
touching or failure; as, to clear a hedge; to clear
a reef.
8. To gain without deduction; to
net.
The profit which she cleared on the
cargo.
Macaulay.
To clear a ship at the customhouse, to
exhibit the documents required by law, give bonds, or perform
other acts requisite, and procure a permission to sail, and such
papers as the law requires. -- To clear a ship for
action, or To clear for action
(Naut.), to remove incumbrances from the decks, and
prepare for an engagement. -- To clear the
land (Naut.), to gain such a distance from
shore as to have sea room, and be out of danger from the
land. -- To clear hawse (Naut.),
to disentangle the cables when twisted. -- To
clear up, to explain; to dispel, as doubts, cares
or fears.
Clear (klēr), v. i.
1. To become free from clouds or fog; to
become fair; -- often followed by up, off, or
away.
So foul a sky clears not without a
storm.
Shak.
Advise him to stay till the weather clears
up.
Swift.
2. To disengage one's self from
incumbrances, distress, or entanglements; to become free.
[Obs.]
He that clears at once will relapse; for
finding himself out of straits, he will revert to his customs;
but he that cleareth by degrees induceth a habit of
frugality.
Bacon.
3. (Banking) To make exchanges of
checks and bills, and settle balances, as is done in a clearing
house.
4. To obtain a clearance; as, the steamer
cleared for Liverpool to-day.
To clear out, to go or run away; to
depart. [Colloq.]
Clear"age (?), n. The act of
removing anything; clearance. [R.]
Clear"ance (-ans), n.
1. The act of clearing; as, to make a
thorough clearance.
2. A certificate that a ship or vessel
has been cleared at the customhouse; permission to
sail.
Every ship was subject to seizure for want of
stamped clearances.
Durke
3. Clear or net profit.
Trollope.
4. (Mach.) The distance by which
one object clears another, as the distance between the piston and
cylinder head at the end of a stroke in a steam engine, or the
least distance between the point of a cogwheel tooth and the
bottom of a space between teeth of a wheel with which it
engages.
Clearance space (Steam engine),
the space inclosed in one end of the cylinder, between the
valve or valves and the piston, at the beginning of a stroke;
waste room. It includes the space caused by the piston's
clearance and the space in ports, passageways, etc. Its volume is
often expressed as a certain proportion of the volume swept by
the piston in a single stroke.
Clear"-cut` (?), a.
1. Having a sharp, distinct outline, like
that of a cameo.
She has . . . a cold and clear-cut
face.
Tennyson.
2. Concisely and distinctly
expressed.
Clear"ed*ness (?), n. The
quality of being cleared.
Imputed by his friends to the clearedness,
by his foes to the searedness, of his conscience.
T. Fuller.
Clear"er (?), n. 1.
One who, or that which, clears.
Gold is a wonderful clearer of the
understanding.
Addison.
2. (Naut.) A tool of which the
hemp for lines and twines, used by sailmakers, is
finished.
Clear"-head`ed (klēr"h&ebreve;d`&ebreve;d),
a. Having a clear understanding; quick of
perception; intelligent. "He was laborious and clear-
headed." Macaulay.
-- Clear"-head`ed*ness, n.
Clear"ing, n. 1.
The act or process of making clear.
The better clearing of this point.
South.
2. A tract of land cleared of wood for
cultivation.
A lonely clearing on the shores of Moxie
Lake.
J. Burroughs.
3. A method adopted by banks and bankers
for making an exchange of checks held by each against the others,
and settling differences of accounts.
&fist; In England, a similar method has been adopted by
railroads for adjusting their accounts with each other.
4. The gross amount of the balances
adjusted in the clearing house.
Clearing house, the establishment where
the business of clearing is carried on. See above,
3.
Clear"ly, adv. In a clear
manner.
Clear"ness, n. The quality or
state of being clear.
Syn. -- Clearness, Perspicuity.
Clearness has reference to our ideas, and springs from a
distinct conception of the subject under consideration.
Perspicuity has reference to the mode of expressing our
ideas and belongs essentially to style. Hence we speak of a
writer as having clear ideas, a clear arrangement,
and perspicuous phraseology. We do at times speak of a
person's having great clearness of style; but in such
cases we are usually thinking of the clearness of his ideas as
manifested in language. "Whenever men think clearly, and
are thoroughly interested, they express themselves with
perspicuity and force." Robertson.
Clear"-see`ing (?), a. Having
a clear physical or mental vision; having a clear
understanding.
Clear"-shin`ing (?), a.
Shining brightly. Shak.
Clear"-sight`ed (-sīt`&ebreve;d),
a. Seeing with clearness; discerning; as,
clear-sighted reason.
Clear"-sight`ed*ness, n. Acute
discernment.
Clear"starch` (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Clearstarched (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Clearstraching.] To
stiffen with starch, and then make clear by clapping with the
hands; as, to clearstarch muslin.
Clear"starch`er (?), n. One
who clearstarches.
{ Clear"sto`ry (?), Clere"sto`ry, }
n. (Arch.) The upper story of the
nave of a church, containing windows, and rising above the aisle
roofs.
Clear"wing` (?), n.
(Zoöl.) A lepidopterous insect with partially
transparent wings, of the family Ægeriadæ, of which
the currant and peach-tree borers are examples.
Cleat (klēt), n. [OE.
clete wedge; cf. D. kloot ball, Ger. kloss,
klotz, lump. clod, MHG. klōz lump, ball,
wedge, OHG. chlōz ball, round mass.]
1. (Carp.) A strip of wood or iron
fastened on transversely to something in order to give strength,
prevent warping, hold position, etc.
2. (Naut.) A device made of wood
or metal, having two arms, around which turns may be taken with a
line or rope so as to hold securely and yet be readily released.
It is bolted by the middle to a deck or mast, etc., or it may be
lashed to a rope.
Cleat, v. t. To strengthen
with a cleat.
Cleav"a*ble (?), a. Capable of
cleaving or being divided.
Cleav"age (?), n.
1. The act of cleaving or
splitting.
2. (Crystallog.) The quality
possessed by many crystallized substances of splitting readily in
one or more definite directions, in which the cohesive attraction
is a minimum, affording more or less smooth surfaces; the
direction of the dividing plane; a fragment obtained by cleaving,
as of a diamond. See Parting.
3. (Geol.) Division into
laminæ, like slate, with the lamination not necessarily
parallel to the plane of deposition; -- usually produced by
pressure.
Basal cleavage, cleavage parallel to the
base of a crystal, or to the plane of the lateral axes. --
Cell cleavage (Biol.),
multiplication of cells by fission. See
Segmentation. -- Cubic cleavage,
cleavage parallel to the faces of a cube. --
Diagonal cleavage, cleavage parallel to ta
diagonal plane. -- Egg clavage.
(Biol.) See Segmentation. --
Lateral cleavage, cleavage parallel to the
lateral planes. -- Octahedral, Dodecahedral, or
Rhombohedral, cleavage, cleavage
parallel to the faces of an octahedron, dodecahedron, or
rhombohedron. -- Prismatic cleavage,
cleavage parallel to a vertical prism.
Cleave (klēv), v. i.
[imp. Cleaved (klēvd),
Clave (klāv, Obs.); p. p.
Cleaved; p. pr. & vb. n.
Cleaving.] [OE. cleovien, clivien,
cliven, AS. cleofian, clifian; akin to OS.
klibōn, G. kleben, LG. kliven, D.
kleven, Dan. klæbe, Sw. klibba, and
also to G. kleiben to cleve, paste, Icel.
klīfa to climb. Cf. Climb.]
1. To adhere closely; to stick; to hold
fast; to cling.
My bones cleave to my skin.
Ps. cii. 5.
The diseases of Egypt . . . shall cleave
unto thee.
Deut. xxviii. 60.
Sophistry cleaves close to and protects
Sin's rotten trunk, concealing its defects.
Cowper.
2. To unite or be united closely in
interest or affection; to adhere with strong
attachment.
Therefore shall a man leave his father and his
mother, and shall cleave unto his wife.
Gen. ii. 24.
Cleave unto the Lord your God.
Josh. xxiii. 8.
3. To fit; to be adapted; to
assimilate. [Poetic.]
New honors come upon him,
Like our strange garments, cleave not to their mold
But with the aid of use.
Shak.
Cleave (klēv), v. t.
[imp. Cleft (kl&ebreve;ft), Clave
(klāv, Obs.), Clove (klōv, Obsolescent);
p. p. Cleft, Cleaved
(klēvd) or Cloven (klō"v'n); p. pr. &
vb. n. Cleaving.] [OE. cleoven,
cleven, AS. cleófan; akin to OS.
klioban, D. klooven, G. klieben, Icel.
kljūfa, Sw. klyfva, Dan. klöve
and prob. to Gr. gly`fein to carve, L. glubere
to peel. Cf. Cleft.] 1. To part or
divide by force; to split or rive; to cut.
O Hamlet, thou hast cleft my heart in
twain.
Shak.
2. To part or open naturally; to
divide.
Every beast that parteth the hoof, and
cleaveth the cleft into two claws.
Deut. xiv. 6.
Cleave, v. i. To part; to
open; to crack; to separate; as parts of bodies; as, the ground
cleaves by frost.
The Mount of Olives shall cleave in the
midst.
Zech. xiv. 4.
Cleave"land*ite (?), n. [From
Professor Parker Cleaveland.] (Min.) A variety
of albite, white and lamellar in structure.
Cleav"er (?), n. One who
cleaves, or that which cleaves; especially, a butcher's
instrument for cutting animal bodies into joints or
pieces.
Cleav"ers (?), n. [From
Cleave to stick.] (Bot.) A species of
Galium (G. Aparine), having a fruit set with hooked
bristles, which adhere to whatever they come in contact with; --
called also, goose grass, catchweed, etc.
||Clé`ché" (?), a.
[F. cléché.] (Her.) Charged with
another bearing of the same figure, and of the color of the
field, so large that only a narrow border of the first bearing
remains visible; -- said of any heraldic bearing. Compare
Voided.
Cle"chy (?), a. See
Cléché.
Cledge (?), n. [Cf. Clay.]
(Mining.) The upper stratum of fuller's
earth.
Cledg"y (?), a. Stiff,
stubborn, clayey, or tenacious; as, a cledgy soil.
Halliwell.
Clee (klē), n. A
claw. [Obs.] Holland.
Clee, n. (Zoöl.)
The redshank.
Clef (kl&ebreve;f; 277), n. [F.
clef key, a key in music, fr. L. clavis key. See
Clavicle.] (Mus.) A character used in musical
notation to determine the position and pitch of the scale as
represented on the staff.
&fist; The clefs are three in number, called the C, F,
and G clefs, and are probably corruptions or modifications
of these letters. They indicate that the letters of absolute
pitch belonging to the lines upon which they are placed, are
respectively C, F, and G. The F or bass clef, and the G or
treble clef, are fixed in their positions upon the staff.
The C clef may have three positions. It may be placed upon
the first or lower line of the staff, in which case it is called
soprano clef, upon the third line, in which case it called
alto clef, or upon the fourth line, in which case tenor
clef. It rarely or never is placed upon the second line,
except in ancient music. See other forms of C clef under
C, 2.
Alto clef, Bass clef.
See under Alto, Bass.
Cleft (kl&ebreve;ft), imp. & p.
p. from Cleave.
Cleft, a. 1.
Divided; split; partly divided or split.
2. (Bot.) Incised nearly to the
midrib; as, a cleft leaf.
Cleft, n. [OE. clift; cf.
Sw. klyft cave, den, Icel. kluft cleft, Dan.
klöft, G. kluft. See Cleave to split
and cf. 2d Clift, 1st Clough.] 1.
A space or opening made by splitting; a crack; a crevice;
as, the cleft of a rock. Is. ii. 21.
2. A piece made by splitting; as, a
cleft of wood.
3. (Far.) A disease in horses; a
crack on the band of the pastern.
Branchial clefts. See under
Branchial.
Syn. -- Crack; crevice; fissure; chink; cranny.
Cleft"-foot`ed (?), a. Having
a cloven foot.
Cleft"graft` (?), v. t. To
ingraft by cleaving the stock and inserting a scion.
Mortimer.
Cleg (?), n. [Northern Eng. & Scot.
gleg: cf. Gael. crethleag.] (Zoöl.)
A small breeze or horsefly. [North of Eng. & Scot.]
Jamieson.
{ Cleis`to*gam"ic (?), Cleis*tog"a*mous (?)
} a. [Gr. &?; closed (fr. &?; to shut) +
ga`mos marriage.] (Bot.) Having, beside
the usual flowers, other minute, closed flowers, without petals
or with minute petals; -- said of certain species of plants which
possess flowers of two or more kinds, the closed ones being so
constituted as to insure self-fertilization.
Darwin.
Clem (kl&ebreve;m), v. t. & i. [Cf.
clam to clog, or G. klemmen to pinch, Icel.
klömbra, E. clamp.] To starve; to
famish. [Obs.] B. Jonson.
Clem"a*tis (kl&ebreve;m"&adot;*t&ibreve;s),
n. [NL., fr. Gr. klhmati`s
brushwood, also (from its long, lithe branches) clematis. fr.
klh^ma twig, shoot, fr. kla^n to break
off.] (Bot.) A genus of flowering plants, of many
species, mostly climbers, having feathery styles, which greatly
enlarge in the fruit; -- called also virgin's
bower.
Clem"ence (?), n.
Clemency. [Obs.] Spenser.
Clem"en*cy (?), n.; pl.
Clemencies (#). [L. clementia, fr.
clemens mild, calm.] 1. Disposition
to forgive and spare, as offenders; mildness of temper;
gentleness; tenderness; mercy.
Great clemency and tender zeal toward their
subjects.
Stowe.
They had applied for the royal
clemency.
Macaulay.
2. Mildness or softness of the elements;
as, the clemency of the season.
Syn. -- Mildness; tenderness; indulgence; lenity;
mercy; gentleness; compassion; kindness.
Clem"ent (?), a. [L.
clemens; -entis; cf. F. cl&?;ment.]
Mild in temper and disposition; merciful;
compassionate. Shak.
-- Clem"ent*ly, adv.
Clem"ent*ine (?), a. Of or
pertaining to Clement, esp. to St. Clement of Rome and the
spurious homilies attributed to him, or to Pope Clement V. and
his compilations of canon law.
Clench (?), n. & v. t. See
Clinch.
Clepe (klēp), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Cleped
(klēp"&ebreve;d) or (klēpt); p. pr. & vb.
n. Cleping. Cf. Ycleped.] [AS.
clepan, cleopian, clipian, clypian,
to cry, call.] To call, or name. [Obs.]
That other son was cleped Cambalo.
Chaucer.
Clepe, v. i. To make appeal;
to cry out. [Obs.]
Wandering in woe, and to the heavens on high
Cleping for vengeance of this treachery.
Mir. for Mag.
||Clep"si*ne (?), n.
(Zoöl.) A genus of fresh-water leeches,
furnished with a proboscis. They feed upon mollusks and
worms.
Clep"sy*dra (?; 277), n. [L. from
Gr. &?;; &?; to steal, conceal + &?; water.] A water clock;
a contrivance for measuring time by the graduated flow of a
liquid, as of water, through a small aperture. See Illust.
in Appendix.
||Clep`to*ma"ni*a (?), n. [NL.]
See Kleptomania.
Clere"sto`ry (klēr"stō`r&ybreve;),
n. Same as Clearstory.
Cler"geon (kl&etilde;r"jŭn),
n. [F., dim. of clerc. See
Clerk.] A chorister boy. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Cler"gi*al (?), a. Learned;
erudite; clerical. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Cler"gi*cal (?), a. Of or
pertaining to the clergy; clerical; clerkily; learned.
[Obs.] Milton.
Cler"gy (?), n. [OE.
clergie, clergi, clerge, OF. clergie,
F. clergie (fr. clerc clerc, fr. L. clericus
priest) confused with OF. clergié, F.
clergé, fr. LL. clericatus office of priest,
monastic life, fr. L. clericus priest, LL. scholar, clerc.
Both the Old French words meant clergy, in sense 1, the former
having also sense 2. See Clerk.]
1. The body of men set apart, by due
ordination, to the service of God, in the Christian church, in
distinction from the laity; in England, usually restricted to the
ministers of the Established Church. Hooker.
2. Learning; also, a learned
profession. [Obs.]
Sophictry . . . rhetoric, and other
cleargy.
Guy of Warwick.
Put their second sons to learn some
clergy.
State Papers (1515).
3. The privilege or benefit of
clergy.
If convicted of a clergyable felony, he is
entitled equally to his clergy after as before
conviction.
Blackstone.
Benefit of clergy (Eng., Law),
the exemption of the persons of clergymen from criminal
process before a secular judge -- a privilege which was extended
to all who could read, such persons being, in the eye of the law,
clerici, or clerks. This privilege was abridged and
modified by various statutes, and finally abolished in the reign
of George IV. (1827). -- Regular clergy,
Secular clergy See Regular,
n., and Secular,
a.
Cler"gy*a*ble (?), a. Entitled
to, or admitting, the benefit of clergy; as, a clergyable
felony. Blackstone.
Cler"gy*man (?), n.; pl.
Clergymen (#). An ordained minister; a man
regularly authorized to preach the gospel, and administer its
ordinances; in England usually restricted to a minister of the
Established Church.
Cler"ic (?), n. [AS., fr. L.
clericus. See Clerk.] A clerk, a
clergyman. [R.] Bp. Horsley.
Cler"ic (?), a. Same as
Clerical.
Cler"ic*al (?), a. [LL.
clericalis. See Clerk.] 1.
Of or pertaining to the clergy; suitable for the
clergy. "A clerical education." Burke.
2. Of or relating to a clerk or copyist,
or to writing. "Clerical work." E.
Everett.
A clerical error, an error made in
copying or writing.
Cler"ic*al*ism (?), n. An
excessive devotion to the interests of the sacerdotal order;
undue influence of the clergy; sacerdotalism.
Cler*ic"i*ty (?), n. The state
of being a clergyman.
Cler"i*sy (?), n. [LL.
clericia. See Clergy.] 1. The
literati, or well educated class.
2. The clergy, or their opinions, as
opposed to the laity.
Clerk (kl&etilde;rk; in Eng. klärk; 277),
n. [Either OF. clerc, fr. L.
clericus a priest, or AS. clerc, cleric,
clerk, priest, fr. L. clericus, fr. Gr.
klhriko`s belonging to the clergy, fr.
klh^ros lot, allotment, clergy; cf. Deut. xviii. 2.
Cf. Clergy.] 1. A clergyman or
ecclesiastic. [Obs.]
All persons were styled clerks that served
in the church of Christ.
Ayliffe.
2. A man who could read; a scholar; a
learned person; a man of letters. [Obs.] "Every one that
could read . . . being accounted a clerk."
Blackstone.
He was no great clerk, but he was perfectly
well versed in the interests of Europe.
Burke.
3. A parish officer, being a layman who
leads in reading the responses of the Episcopal church service,
and otherwise assists in it. [Eng.] Hook.
And like unlettered clerk still cry
"Amen".
Shak.
4. One employed to keep records or
accounts; a scribe; an accountant; as, the clerk of a
court; a town clerk.
The clerk of the crown . . . withdrew the
bill.
Strype.
&fist; In some cases, clerk is synonymous with
secretary. A clerk is always an officer subordinate to a
higher officer, board, corporation, or person; whereas a
secretary may be either a subordinate or the head of an office or
department.
5. An assistant in a shop or store.
[U. S.]
Clerk"-ale` (? in Eng. &?;), n.
A feast for the benefit of the parish clerk. [Eng.]
T. Warton.
Clerk"less, a.
Unlearned. [Obs.] E. Waterhouse.
Clerk"like` (?), a.
Scholarlike. [Obs.] Shak.
Clerk"li*ness (?), n.
Scholarship. [Obs.]
Clerk"ly, a. Of or pertaining
to a clerk. Cranmer.
Clerk"ly, adv. In a scholarly
manner. [Obs.] Shak.
Clerk"ship, n. State, quality,
or business of a clerk.
Cler"o*man`cy (?), n. [Gr. &?; lot
+ -mancy; cf. F. cléromancie.] A
divination by throwing dice or casting lots.
Cle*ron"o*my (?), n. [Gr. &?;
inheritance + &?; to possess.] Inheritance;
heritage.
Cler"sto`ry (?), n. See
Clearstory.
Clev"er (?), a. [Origin uncertain.
Cf. OE. cliver eager, AS. clyfer (in comp.) cloven;
or clifer a claw, perh. connected with E. cleave to
divide, split, the meaning of E. clever perh. coming from
the idea of grasping, seizing (with the mind).]
1. Possessing quickness of intellect, skill,
dexterity, talent, or adroitness; expert.
Though there were many clever men in
England during the latter half of the seventeenth century, there
were only two great creative minds.
Macaulay.
Be good, sweet maid, and let who will be
clever.
C. Kingsley.
2. Showing skill or adroitness in the
doer or former; as, a clever speech; a clever
trick. Byron.
3. Having fitness, propriety, or
suitableness.
"T would sound more clever
To me and to my heirs forever.
Swift.
4. Well-shaped; handsome. "The girl
was a tight, clever wench as any was."
Arbuthnot.
5. Good-natured; obliging. [U.
S.]
Syn. -- See Smart.
Clev"er*ish (?), a. Somewhat
clever. [R.]
Clev"er*ly, adv. In a clever
manner.
Never was man so clever absurd.
C. Smart.
Clev"er*ness, n. The quality
of being clever; skill; dexterity; adroitness.
Syn. -- See Ingenuity.
Clev"is (?), n. [Cf. Cleave
to adhere, Clavel.] A piece of metal bent in the form
of an oxbow, with the two ends perforated to receive a pin, used
on the end of the tongue of a plow, wagen, etc., to attach it to
a draft chain, whiffletree, etc.; -- called also clavel,
clevy.
{ Clew (klū), Clue, }
n. [OE. clewe, clowe,
clue, AS. cleowen, cliwen, clywe ball
of thread; akin to D. kluwen, OHG. chliwa,
chliuwa, G. dim. kleuel, knäuel, and
perch. to L. gluma hull, husk, Skr. glaus sort of
ball or tumor. Perch. akin to E. claw. √26. Cf.
Knawel.] 1. A ball of thread, yarn,
or cord; also, The thread itself.
Untwisting his deceitful clew.
Spenser.
2. That which guides or directs one in
anything of a doubtful or intricate nature; that which gives a
hint in the solution of a mystery.
The clew, without which it was perilous to
enter the vast and intricate maze of countinental politics, was
in his hands.
Macaulay.
3. (Naut.) (a.) A
lower corner of a square sail, or the after corner of a fore-and-
aft sail. (b.) A loop and thimbles at
the corner of a sail. (c.) A
combination of lines or nettles by which a hammock is
suspended.
Clew garnet (Naut.), one of the
ropes by which the clews of the courses of square-rigged vessels
are drawn up to the lower yards. -- Clew
line (Naut.), a rope by which a clew of one
of the smaller square sails, as topsail, topgallant sail, or
royal, is run up to its yard. -- Clew-line
block (Naut.), The block through which a
clew line reeves. See Illust. of Block.
Clew, v. t. [imp. & p. p. &
vb. n. Clewing.] [Cf. D. kluwenen. See
Clew, n.] 1. To
direct; to guide, as by a thread. [Obs.]
Direct and clew me out the way to
happiness.
Beau. && Fl.
2. (Naut.) To move of draw (a sail
or yard) by means of the clew garnets, clew lines, etc.; esp. to
draw up the clews of a square sail to the yard.
To clew down (Naut.), to force (a
yard) down by hauling on the clew lines. -- To clew
up (Naut.), to draw (a sail) up to the yard,
as for furling.
||Cli`ché" (?), n. [F.
cliché, from clicher to stereotype.] A
stereotype plate or any similar reproduction of ornament, or
lettering, in relief.
Cliché casting, a mode of
obtaining an impression from a die or woodcut, or the like, by
striking it suddenly upon metal which has been fused and is just
becoming solid; also, the casting so obtained.
Click (kl&ibreve;k), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Clicked (kl&ibreve;kt);
p. pr. & vb. n. Clicking.] [Prob. an
onomatopoetic word: cf. OF. cliquier. See Clack,
and cf. Clink, Clique.] To make a slight,
sharp noise (or a succession of such noises), as by gentle
striking; to tick.
The varnished clock that clicked behind the
door.
Goldsmith.
Click, v. t. 1.
To move with the sound of a click.
She clicked back the bolt which held the
window sash.
Thackeray.
2. To cause to make a clicking noise, as
by striking together, or against something.
[Jove] clicked all his marble thumbs.
Ben Jonson.
When merry milkmaids click the latch.
Tennyson.
Click, n. 1. A
slight sharp noise, such as is made by the cocking of a
pistol.
2. A kind of articulation used by the
natives of Southern Africa, consisting in a sudden withdrawal of
the end or some other portion of the tongue from a part of the
mouth with which it is in contact, whereby a sharp, clicking
sound is produced. The sounds are four in number, and are called
cerebral, palatal, dental, and lateral clicks or clucks,
the latter being the noise ordinarily used in urging a horse
forward.
Click, v. t. [OE. kleken,
clichen. Cf. Clutch.] To snatch. [Prov.
Eng.] Halliwell.
Click, n. [Cf. 4th Click,
and OF. clique latch.] 1. A detent,
pawl, or ratchet, as that which catches the cogs of a ratchet
wheel to prevent backward motion. See Illust. of
Ratched wheel.
2. The latch of a door. [Prov.
Eng.]
Click" bee"tle (?). (Zoöl.) See
Elater.
Click"er (?), n. 1.
One who stands before a shop door to invite people to
buy. [Low, Eng.]
2. (Print.) One who as has charge
of the work of a companionship.
Click"et (?), n. [OF.
cliquet the latch of a door. See 5th Click.]
1. The knocker of a door. [Prov.
Eng.]
2. A latch key. [Eng.]
Chaucer.
Click"y (?), a. Resembling a
click; abounding in clicks. "Their strange clicky
language." The Century.
||Cli*das"tes (?), n. [NL., prob.
from Gr. klei`s key.] (Paleon.) A genus of
extinct marine reptiles, allied to the Mosasaurus. See
Illust. in Appendix.
Cli"en*cy (?), n. State of
being a client.
Cli"ent (?), n. [L. cliens,
-emtis, for cluens, one who hears (in relation to
his protector), a client, fr. L. cluere to be named or
called; akin to Gr. &?; to hear, Skr. çry, and E.
loud: cf. F. client. See Loud.]
1. (Rom. Antiq.) A citizen who put
himself under the protection of a man of distinction and
influence, who was called his patron.
2. A dependent; one under the protection
of another.
I do think they are your friends and
clients,
And fearful to disturb you.
B. Jonson.
3. (Law) One who consults a legal
adviser, or submits his cause to his management.
Cli"ent*age (?), n.
1. State of being client.
2. A body of clients. E.
Everett.
Cli*en"tal (?), a. Of or
pertaining to a client.
A dependent and cliental relation.
Burke.
I sat down in the cliental chair.
Dickens.
Cli"ent*ed (?), a. Supplied
with clients. [R.]
The least cliented pettifiggers.
R. Carew.
Cli*en"te*lage (?), n. See
Clientele, n., 2.
Cli`en*tele" (? or ?), n. [L.
clientela: cf. F. clientèle.]
1. The condition or position of a client;
clientship. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.
2. The clients or dependents of a
nobleman of patron.
3. The persons who make habitual use of
the services of another person; one's clients, collectively; as,
the clientele of a lawyer, doctor, notary, etc.
Cli"ent*ship (?), n. Condition
of a client; state of being under the protection of a
patron. Dryden.
Cliff (kl&ibreve;f), n. [AS.
clif, cloef; akin to OS. klif, D.
klif, klip, Icel. klif, Dan. & G.
klippe, Sw. klippa; perh. orig. a climbing
place. See Climb.] A high, steep rock; a
precipice.
Cliff swallow (Zoöl.), a
North American swallow (Petrochelidon lunifrons), which
builds its nest against cliffs; the eaves
swallow.
Cliff, n. (Mus.) See
Clef. [Obs.]
Cliff" lime"stone` (?). (Geol.) A series
of limestone strata found in Ohio and farther west, presenting
bluffs along the rivers and valleys, formerly supposed to be of
one formation, but now known to be partly Silurian and partly
Devonian.
Cliff"y (?), a. Having cliffs;
broken; craggy.
Clift (?), n. [See 1st
Cliff, n.] A cliff.
[Obs.]
That gainst the craggy clifts did loudly
roar.
Spenser.
Clift, n. [See Cleft,
n.] 1. A cleft of crack; a
narrow opening. [Obs.]
2. The fork of the legs; the
crotch. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Clift"ed, a. [From Clift a
cleft.] Broken; fissured.
Climb the Ande&?; clifted side.
Grainger.
Cli*mac"ter (?), n. [L., fr. Gr.
&?;, prop., round of a ladder, fr. &?; ladder: cf. F.
climactère. See Climax.] See
Climacteric, n.
Cli*mac"ter*ic (? or ?; 277), a.
[L. climactericus, Gr. &?;. See Climacter.]
Relating to a climacteric; critical.
Cli*mac"ter*ic, n.
1. A period in human life in which some
great change is supposed to take place in the constitution. The
critical periods are thought by some to be the years produced by
multiplying 7 into the odd numbers 3, 5, 7, and 9; to which
others add the 81st year.
2. Any critical period.
It is your lot, as it was mine, to live during one
of the grand climacterics of the world.
Southey.
Grand or Great
climacteric, the sixty-third year of human
life.
I should hardly yield my rigid fibers to be
regenerated by them; nor begin, in my grand climacteric,
to squall in their new accents, or to stammer, in my second
cradle, the elemental sounds of their barbarous metaphysics.
Burke.
Clim`ac*ter"ic*al (?), a. & n.
See Climacteric. Evelyn.
Cli"ma*tal (?), a.
Climatic. Dunglison.
Cli`ma*tar"chic (?), a.
[Climate + Gr. &?; to rule.] Presiding over, or
regulating, climates.
Cli"mate (?), n. [F. climat,
L. clima, -atis, fr. Gr. &?;, &?;, slope, the
supposed slope of the earth (from the equator toward the pole),
hence a region or zone of the earth, fr. &?; to slope, incline,
akin to E. lean, v. i. See Lean, v.
i., and cf. Clime.] 1. (Anc.
Geog.) One of thirty regions or zones, parallel to the
equator, into which the surface of the earth from the equator to
the pole was divided, according to the successive increase of the
length of the midsummer day.
2. The condition of a place in relation
to various phenomena of the atmosphere, as temperature, moisture,
etc., especially as they affect animal or vegetable
life.
Cli"mate, v. i. To
dwell. [Poetic] Shak.
Cli*mat"ic (?), a. Of or
pertaining to a climate; depending on, or limited by, a
climate.
Cli*mat"ic*al (?), a.
Climatic.
Cli"ma*tize (?), v. t. & i.
[imp. & p. p. Climatized (#); p.
pr. & vb. n. Climatizing.] To acclimate or
become acclimated.
Cli`ma*tog"ra*phy (?), n.
[Climate + -graphy.] A description of
climates.
Cli`ma*to*log"ic*al (?), a. Of
or pertaining to climatology.
Cli`ma*tol"o*gist (?), n. One
versed in, or who studies, climatology.
Cli`ma*tol"o*gy (?), n.
[Climate + -logy: cf. F. climatologie.]
The science which treats of climates and investigates their
phenomena and causes. Brande & C.
Cli"ma*ture (?; 135), n. [Cf. F.
climature.] A climate. [Obs.] Shak.
Cli"max (?), n. [L., from Gr. &?;
ladder, staircase, fr. &?; to make to bend, to lean. See
Ladder, Lean, v. i.]
1. Upward movement; steady increase;
gradation; ascent. Glanvill.
2. (Rhet.) A figure in which the
parts of a sentence or paragraph are so arranged that each
succeeding one rises above its predecessor in
impressiveness.
"Tribulation worketh patience, patience
experience, and experience hope" -- a happy climax.
J. D. Forbes.
3. The highest point; the greatest
degree.
We must look higher for the climax of
earthly good.
I. Taylor.
To cap the climax, to surpass
everything, as in excellence or in absurdity. [Colloq.]
Climb (klīm), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Climbed (klīmd),
Obs. or Vulgar Clomb (kl&obreve;m); p. pr. & vb.
n. Climbing.] [AS. climban; akin to OHG.
chlimban, G. & D. klimmen, Icel.
klīfa, and E. cleave to adhere.]
1. To ascend or mount laboriously, esp. by
use of the hands and feet.
2. To ascend as if with effort; to rise
to a higher point.
Black vapors climb aloft, and cloud the
day.
Dryden.
3. (Bot.) To ascend or creep
upward by twining about a support, or by attaching itself by
tendrils, rootlets, etc., to a support or upright
surface.
Climb, v. t. To ascend, as by
means of the hands and feet, or laboriously or slowly; to
mount.
Climb, n. The act of one who
climbs; ascent by climbing. Warburton.
Climb"a*ble (?), a. Capable of
being climbed.
Climb"er (?), n. One who, or
that which, climbs: (a) (Bot.)
A plant that climbs. (b)
(Zoöl.) A bird that climbs, as a woodpecker or a
parrot.
Climb"er, v. i. [From Climb;
cf. Clamber.] To climb; to mount with effort; to
clamber. [Obs.] Tusser.
Climb"ing, p. pr. & vb. n. of
Climb.
Climbing fern. See under
Fern. -- Climbing perch.
(Zoöl.) See Anabas, and
Labyrinthici.
Clime (?), n. [L. clima. See
Climate.] A climate; a tract or region of the earth.
See Climate.
Turn we to sutvey,
Where rougher climes a nobler race display.
Goldsmith.
||Cli*nan"thi*um (?), n. [NL., fr.
Gr. &?; bed + &?; flower.] (Bot.) The receptacle of
the flowers in a composite plant; -- also called
clinium.
Clinch (kl&ibreve;nch; 224), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Clinched (?); p.
pr. & vb. n. Clinching.] [OE. clenchen,
prop. causative of clink to cause to clink, to strike; cf.
D. klinken to tinkle, rivet. See Clink.]
1. To hold firmly; to hold fast by grasping
or embracing tightly. "Clinch the pointed spear."
Dryden.
2. To set closely together; to close
tightly; as, to clinch the teeth or the first.
Swift.
3. To bend or turn over the point of
(something that has been driven through an object), so that it
will hold fast; as, to clinch a nail.
4. To make conclusive; to confirm; to
establish; as, to clinch an argument.
South.
Clinch, v. i. To hold fast; to
grasp something firmly; to seize or grasp one another.
Clinch (kl&ibreve;nch), n.
1. The act or process of holding fast; that
which serves to hold fast; a grip; a grasp; a clamp; a holdfast;
as, to get a good clinch of an antagonist, or of a weapon;
to secure anything by a clinch.
2. A pun. Pope.
3. (Naut.) A hitch or bend by
which a rope is made fast to the ring of an anchor, or the
breeching of a ship's gun to the ringbolts.
Clinch"er (?), n.
1. One who, or that which, clinches; that
which holds fast. Pope.
2. That which ends a dispute or
controversy; a decisive argument.
Clinch"er-built (?), a. See
Clinker-built.
Cling (kl&ibreve;ng), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Clung (klŭng),
Clong (kl&obreve;ng), Obs.); p. pr. & vb.
n. Clinging.] [AS. clingan to adhere, to
wither; akin to Dan. klynge to cluster, crowd. Cf.
Clump.] To adhere closely; to stick; to hold fast,
especially by twining round or embracing; as, the tendril of a
vine clings to its support; -- usually followed by
to or together.
And what hath life for thee
That thou shouldst cling to it thus?
Mrs. Hemans.
Cling, v. t. 1.
To cause to adhere to, especially by twining round or
embracing. [Obs.]
I clung legs as close to his side as I
could.
Swift.
2. To make to dry up or wither.
[Obs.]
If thou speak'st false,
Upon the next tree shalt thou hang alive,
Till famine cling thee.
Shak.
Cling, n. Adherence;
attachment; devotion. [R.]
A more tenacious cling to worldly
respects.
Milton.
Cling"stone` (?), a. Having
the flesh attached closely to the stone, as in some kinds of
peaches. -- n. A fruit, as a peach,
whose flesh adheres to the stone.
Cling"y (?), a. Apt to cling;
adhesive. [R.]
Clin"ic (?), n. [See
Clinical.] 1. One confined to the bed
by sickness.
2. (Eccl.) One who receives
baptism on a sick bed. [Obs.] Hook.
3. (Med.) A school, or a session
of a school or class, in which medicine or surgery is taught by
the examination and treatment of patients in the presence of the
pupils.
{ Clin"ic*al (kl&ibreve;n"&ibreve;k*al),
Clin"ic (kl&ibreve;n"&ibreve;k) }, a.
[Gr. kliniko`s, fr. kli`nh bed, fr.
kli`nein to lean, recline: cf. F. clinique. See
Lean, v. i.] 1. Of
or pertaining to a bed, especially, a sick bed.
2. Of or pertaining to a clinic, or to
the study of disease in the living subject.
Clinical baptism, baptism administered
to a person on a sick bed. -- Clinical
instruction, instruction by means of clinics.
-- Clinical lecture (Med.), a
discourse upon medical topics illustrated by the exhibition and
examination of living patients. -- Clinical
medicine, Clinical surgery, that
part of medicine or surgery which is occupied with the
investigation of disease in the living subject.
Clin"ic*al*ly, adv. In a
clinical manner.
||Cli*nique" (?), n. [F.]
(Med.) A clinic.
||Clin"i*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr.
kli`nh bed.] (Bot.) See
Clinanthium.
Clink (kl&ibreve;&nsm;k), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Clinked
(kl&ibreve;&nsm;kt); p. pr. & vb. n.
Clinking.] [OE. clinken; akin to G. klingen,
D. klinken, SW. klinga, Dan. klinge; prob.
of imitative origin. Cf. Clank, Clench,
Click, v. i.] To cause to give out
a slight, sharp, tinkling, sound, as by striking metallic or
other sonorous bodies together.
And let me the canakin clink.
Shak.
Clink (kl&ibreve;&nsm;k), v. i.
1. To give out a slight, sharp, tinkling
sound. "The clinking latch." Tennyson.
2. To rhyme. [Humorous].
Cowper.
Clink, n. A slight, sharp,
tinkling sound, made by the collision of sonorous bodies.
"Clink and fall of swords." Shak.
Clin"kant (kl&ibreve;&nsm;"kant),
a. See Clinquant.
Clink"er (kl&ibreve;&nsm;k"&etilde;r),
n. [From clink; cf. D. clinker a
brick which is so hard that it makes a sonorous sound, from
clinken to clink. Cf. Clinkstone.]
1. A mass composed of several bricks run
together by the action of the fire in the kiln.
2. Scoria or vitrified incombustible
matter, formed in a grate or furnace where anthracite coal in
used; vitrified or burnt matter ejected from a volcano;
slag.
3. A scale of oxide of iron, formed in
forging.
4. A kind of brick. See Dutch
clinker, under Dutch.
Clink"er-built (?), a.
(Naut.) Having the side planks (af a boat) so
arranged that the lower edge of each overlaps the upper edge of
the plank next below it like clapboards on a house. See
Lapstreak.
Clink"stone` (?; 110), n.
[Clink + stone; -- from its sonorousness.]
(Min.) An igneous rock of feldspathic composition,
lamellar in structure, and clinking under the hammer. See
Phonolite.
Cli`no*di*ag"o*nal (?), n. [Gr.
kli`nein to incline + E. diagonal.]
(Crystallog.) That diagonal or lateral axis in a
monoclinic crystal which makes an oblique angle with the vertical
axis. See Crystallization. -- a.
Pertaining to, or the direction of, the
clinodiagonal.
Cli"no*dome` (?), n. [Gr.
kli`nein to incline + E. dome.]
(Crystallog.) See under Dome.
Cli"no*graph"ic (?), a. [Gr.
kli`nein to incline + -graph.] Pertaining
to that mode of projection in drawing in which the rays of light
are supposed to fall obliquely on the plane of
projection.
Cli"noid (?), a. [Gr.
kli`nh bed + -oid.] (Anat.) Like a
bed; -- applied to several processes on the inner side of the
sphenoid bone.
Cli*nom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr.
kli`nein to incline + -meter.] (Geol.)
An instrument for determining the dip of beds or strata, pr
the slope of an embankment or cutting; a kind of plumb
level. Dana.
Clin`o*met"ric (?), a.
1. Pertaining to, or ascertained by, the
clinometer.
2. Pertaining to the oblique crystalline
forms, or to solids which have oblique angles between the axes;
as, the clinometric systems.
Cli*nom"e*try (?), n.
(geol.) That art or operation of measuring the
inclination of strata.
Cli`no*pin"a*coid (?), n. [Gr.
kli`nein to incline + E. pinacoid.]
(Crystallog.) The plane in crystals of the monoclinic
system which is parallel to the vertical and the inclined lateral
(clinidiagonal) axes.
Cli`no*rhom"bic (?), a. [Gr.
kli`nein to incline + E. rhombic: cf. F.
clinorhombique.] (Crystallog.) Possessing the
qualities of a prism, obliquely inclined to a rhombic base;
monoclinic.
Clin"quant (?), a. [F.]
Glittering; dressed in, or overlaid with, tinsel
finery. [Obs.] Shak.
Clin"quant, n. Tinsel; Dutch
gold.
Cli"o (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?; the
proclaimer, fr. &?; to call, tell of, make famous.] (Class.
Myth.) The Muse who presided over history.
Cli*o"ne (?), n. A genus of
naked pteropods. One species (Clione papilonacea),
abundant in the Arctic Ocean, constitutes a part of the food of
the Greenland whale. It is sometimes incorrectly called
Clio.
Clip (kl&ibreve;p), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Clipped (kl&ibreve;pt);
p. pr. & vb. n. Clipping.] [OE.
cluppen, clippen, to embrace, AS. clyran to
embrace, clasp; cf. OHG. kluft tongs, shears, Icel,
kl&ymacr;pa to pinch, squeeze, also OE. clippen to
cut, shear, Dan. klippe to clip, cut, SW. & Icel.
klippa.] 1. To embrace, hence; to
encompass.
O . . . that Neptune's arms, who clippeth
thee about,
Would bear thee from the knowledge of thyself.
Shak.
2. To cut off; as with shears or
scissors; as, to clip the hair; to clip
coin.
Sentenced to have his ears clipped.
Macaulay.
3. To curtail; to cut short.
All my reports go with the modest truth;
No more nor clipped, but so.
Shak.
In London they clip their words after one
manner about the court, another in the city, and a third in the
suburbs.
Swift.
Clip (kl&ibreve;p), v. i. To
move swiftly; -- usually with indefinite it.
Straight flies as chek, and clips it down
the wind.
Dryden.
Clip, n. 1. An
embrace. Sir P. Sidney.
2. A cutting; a shearing.
3. The product of a single shearing of
sheep; a season's crop of wool.
4. A clasp or holder for letters, papers,
etc.
5. An embracing strap for holding parts
together; the iron strap, with loop, at the ends of a
whiffletree. Knight.
6. (Far.) A projecting flange on
the upper edge of a horseshoe, turned up so as to embrace the
lower part of the hoof; -- called also toe clip and
beak. Youatt.
7. A blow or stroke with the hand; as, he
hit him a clip. [Colloq. U. S.]
Clip"per (?), n. 1.
One who clips; specifically, one who clips off the edges of
coin.
The value is pared off from it into the
clipper's pocket.
Locke.
2. A machine for clipping hair, esp. the
hair of horses.
3. (Naut.) A vessel with a sharp
bow, built and rigged for fast sailing. -- Clip"per-
built` (&?;), a.
&fist; The name was first borne by "Baltimore clippers" famous
as privateers in the early wars of the United States.
Clip"ping (?), n.
1. The act of embracing. [Obs.]
2. The act of cutting off, curtailing, or
diminishing; the practice of clipping the edges of
coins.
clipping by Englishmen is robbing the
honest man who receives clipped money.
Locke.
3. That which is clipped off or out of
something; a piece separated by clipping; as, newspaper
clippings.
||Clique (?), n. [F., fr. OF.
cliquer to click. See Click, v.
i.] A narrow circle of persons associated by
common interests or for the accomplishment of a common purpose; -
- generally used in a bad sense.
Clique, v. i. To To associate
together in a clannish way; to act with others secretly to gain a
desired end; to plot; -- used with together.
Cli"quish (?), a. Of or
pertaining to a clique; disposed to from cliques; exclusive in
spirit.
-- Cli"*quish*ness, n.
Cli"quism (?), n. The tendency
to associate in cliques; the spirit of cliques.
||Cli*tel"lus (?), n. [NL., prob.
fr. L. clitellae a packsadle.] (Zoöl.) A
thickened glandular portion of the body of the adult earthworm,
consisting of several united segments modified for reproductive
purposes.
||Cli"to*ris (? or ?), n. [NL., fr.
Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to shut up. It is concealed by the labia
pudendi.] (Anat.) A small organ at the upper part
of the vulva, homologous to the penis in the male.
Cliv"ers (? or ?), n. See
Cleavers.
Cliv"i*ty (?), n.; pl.
Clivities (#). [L. clivus hill.]
Inclination; ascent or descent; a gradient. [R.]
||Clo"a"ca (?), n.; pl.
Cloacæ (#). [L.] 1.
A sewer; as, the Cloaca Maxima of Rome.
2. A privy.
3. (Anat.) The common chamber into
which the intestinal, urinary, and generative canals discharge in
birds, reptiles, amphibians, and many fishes.
Clo*a"cal (?), a. Of or
pertaining to a cloaca.
Cloak (?; 110), n. [Of.
cloque cloak (from the bell-like shape), bell, F.
cloche bell; perh. of Celtic origin and the same word as
E. clock. See 1st Clock.] 1. A
loose outer garment, extending from the neck downwards, and
commonly without sleeves. It is longer than a cape, and is worn
both by men and by women.
2. That which conceals; a disguise or
pretext; an excuse; a fair pretense; a mask; a cover.
No man is esteemed any ways considerable for
policy who wears religion otherwise than as a cloak.
South.
Cloak bag, a bag in which a cloak or
other clothes are carried; a portmanteau. Shak.
Cloak, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Cloaked (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Cloaking.] To cover with, or as with, a
cloak; hence, to hide or conceal.
Now glooming sadly, so to cloak her
matter.
Spenser.
Syn. -- See Palliate.
Cloak"ed*ly, adv. In a
concealed manner.
Cloak"ing, n. 1.
The act of covering with a cloak; the act of concealing
anything.
To take heed of their dissemblings and
cloakings.
Strype.
2. The material of which of which cloaks
are made.
Cloak"room` (?), n. A room,
attached to any place of public resort, where cloaks, overcoats,
etc., may be deposited for a time.
Clock (?), n. [AS. clucge
bell; akin to D. klok clock, bell, G. glocke, Dan.
klokke, Sw. klocka, Icel. klukka bell, LL.
clocca, cloca (whence F. cloche); al perh.
of Celtic origin; cf. Ir. & Gael. clog bell, clock, W.
cloch bell. Cf. Cloak.] 1. A
machine for measuring time, indicating the hour and other
divisions by means of hands moving on a dial plate. Its works are
moved by a weight or a spring, and it is often so constructed as
to tell the hour by the stroke of a hammer on a bell. It is not
adapted, like the watch, to be carried on the person.
2. A watch, esp. one that strikes.
[Obs.] Walton.
3. The striking of a clock. [Obs.]
Dryden.
4. A figure or figured work on the ankle
or side of a stocking. Swift.
&fist; The phrases what o'clock? it is nine
o'clock, etc., are contracted from what of the clock?
it is nine of the clock, etc.
Alarm clock. See under
Alarm. -- Astronomical clock.
(a) A clock of superior construction, with a
compensating pendulum, etc., to measure time with great accuracy,
for use in astronomical observatories; -- called a
regulator when used by watchmakers as a standard for
regulating timepieces. (b) A clock with
mechanism for indicating certain astronomical phenomena, as the
phases of the moon, position of the sun in the ecliptic, equation
of time, etc. -- Electric clock.
(a) A clock moved or regulated by electricity
or electro-magnetism. (b) A clock
connected with an electro-magnetic recording apparatus. --
Ship's clock (Naut.), a clock
arranged to strike from one to eight strokes, at half hourly
intervals, marking the divisions of the ship's watches. --
Sidereal clock, an astronomical clock
regulated to keep sidereal time.
Clock (kl&obreve;k), v. t. To
ornament with figured work, as the side of a stocking.
Clock, v. t. & i. To call, as
a hen. See Cluck. [R.]
Clock, n. (Zoöl.)
A large beetle, esp. the European dung beetle
(Scarabæus stercorarius).
Clock"like` (kl&obreve;k"līk`),
a. Like a clock or like clockwork;
mechanical.
Their services are clocklike, to be set
Backward and forward at their lord's command.
B. Jonson.
Clock"work` (-wûrk`), n.
The machinery of a clock, or machinery resembling that of a
clock; machinery which produces regularity of movement.
Clod (kl&obreve;d), n. [OE.
clodde, latter form of clot. See Clot.]
1. A lump or mass, especially of earth,
turf, or clay. "Clods of a slimy substance."
Carew. "Clods of iron and brass." Milton.
"Clods of blood." E. Fairfax.
The earth that casteth up from the plow a great
clod, is not so good as that which casteth up a smaller
clod.
Bacon.
2. The ground; the earth; a spot of earth
or turf.
The clod
Where once their sultan's horse has trod.
Swift.
3. That which is earthy and of little
relative value, as the body of man in comparison with the
soul.
This cold clod of clay which we carry about
with us.
T. Burnet.
4. A dull, gross, stupid fellow; a
dolt Dryden.
5. A part of the shoulder of a beef
creature, or of the neck piece near the shoulder. See
Illust. of Beef.
Clod (kl&obreve;d), v. i To
collect into clods, or into a thick mass; to coagulate; to clot;
as, clodded gore. See Clot.
Clodded in lumps of clay.
G. Fletcher.
Clod, v. t. 1.
To pelt with clods. Jonson.
2. To throw violently; to hurl.
[Scot.] Sir W. Scott.
Clod"dish (?), a. Resembling
clods; gross; low; stupid; boorish. Hawthorne.
-- Clod"dish*ness, n.
Clod"dy (?), a. Consisting of
clods; full of clods.
Clod"hop`per (?), n. A rude,
rustic fellow.
Clod"hop`ping, a. Boorish;
rude. C. Bronté.
Clod"pate` (?), n. A
blockhead; a dolt.
Clod"pat`ed (?), a. Stupid;
dull; doltish.
Clod"poll` (?), n. [Clod +
poll head.] A stupid fellow; a dolt. [Written
also clodpole.] Shak.
Cloff (?; 115), n. [Etymol.
uncertain.] Formerly an allowance of two pounds in every
three hundred weight after the tare and tret are subtracted; now
used only in a general sense, of small deductions from the
original weight. [Written also clough.]
McCulloch.
Clog (?), n. [OE. clogge
clog, Scot. clag, n., a clot,
v., to to obstruct, cover with mud or anything
adhesive; prob. of the same origin as E. clay.]
1. That which hinders or impedes motion;
hence, an encumbrance, restraint, or impediment, of any
kind.
All the ancient, honest, juridical principles and
institutions of England are so many clogs to check and
retard the headlong course of violence and opression.
Burke.
2. A weight, as a log or block of wood,
attached to a man or an animal to hinder motion.
As a dog . . . but chance breaks loose,
And quits his clog.
Hudibras.
A clog of lead was round my feet.
Tennyson.
3. A shoe, or sandal, intended to protect
the feet from wet, or to increase the apparent stature, and
having, therefore, a very thick sole. Cf.
Chopine.
In France the peasantry goes barefoot; and the
middle sort . . . makes use of wooden clogs.
Harvey.
Clog almanac, a primitive kind of
almanac or calendar, formerly used in England, made by cutting
notches and figures on the four edges of a clog, or square piece
of wood, brass, or bone; -- called also a Runic staff,
from the Runic characters used in the numerical notation. --
Clog dance, a dance performed by a person
wearing clogs, or thick-soled shoes. -- Clog
dancer.
Clog, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Clogged (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Clogging.] 1. To
encumber or load, especially with something that impedes motion;
to hamper.
The winds of birds were clogged with ace
and snow.
Dryden.
2. To obstruct so as to hinder motion in
or through; to choke up; as, to clog a tube or a
channel.
3. To burden; to trammel; to embarrass;
to perplex.
The commodities are clogged with
impositions.
Addison.
You 'll rue the time
That clogs me with this answer.
Shak.
Syn. -- Impede; hinder; obstruct; embarrass; burden;
restrain; restrict.
Clog, v. i. 1.
To become clogged; to become loaded or encumbered, as with
extraneous matter.
In working through the bone, the teeth of the saw
will begin to clog.
S. Sharp.
2. To coalesce or adhere; to unite in a
mass.
Move it sometimes with a broom, that the seeds
clog not together.
Evelyn.
Clog"gi*ness (?), n. The state
of being clogged.
Clog"ging, n. Anything which
clogs. Dr. H. More.
Clog"gy (?), a. Clogging, or
having power to clog.
||Cloi`son*né (?), a. [F.,
partitioned, fr. cloison a partition.] Inlaid between
partitions: -- said of enamel when the lines which divide the
different patches of fields are composed of a kind of metal wire
secured to the ground; as distinguished from
champlevé enamel, in which the ground is engraved
or scooped out to receive the enamel. S. Wells
Williams.
Clois"ter (?), n. [OF.
cloistre, F. cloître, L. claustrum,
pl. claustra, bar, bolt, bounds, fr. claudere,
clausum, to close. See Close, v.
t., and cf. Claustral.]
1. An inclosed place. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
2. A covered passage or ambulatory on one
side of a court; (pl.) the series of such
passages on the different sides of any court, esp. that of a
monastery or a college.
But let my due feet never fail
To walk the studious cloister's pale.
Milton.
3. A monastic establishment; a place for
retirement from the world for religious duties.
Fitter for a cloister than a crown.
Daniel.
Cloister garth (Arch.), the
garden or open part of a court inclosed by the
cloisters.
Syn. -- Cloister, Monastery,
Nunnery, Convent, Abbey, Priory.
Cloister and convent are generic terms, and denote
a place of seclusion from the world for persons who devote their
lives to religious purposes. They differ is that the distinctive
idea of cloister is that of seclusion from the world, that
of convent, community of living. Both terms denote houses
for recluses of either sex. A cloister or convent
for monks is called a monastery; for nuns, a
nunnery. An abbey is a convent or monastic
institution governed by an abbot or an abbess; a priory is
one governed by a prior or a prioress, and is usually affiliated
to an abbey.
Clois"ter (?), v. t. [imp.
& p. p. Cloistered (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Cloistering.] To confine in, or as in, a
cloister; to seclude from the world; to immure.
None among them are thought worthy to be styled
religious persons but those that cloister themselves up in
a monastery.
Sharp.
Clois"ter*al (?), a.
Cloistral. [Obs.] I. Walton.
Clois"tered (?), a.
1. Dwelling in cloisters; solitary.
"Cloistered friars and vestal nuns." Hudibras.
In cloistered state let selfish sages
dwell,
Proud that their heart is narrow as their cell.
Shenstone.
2. Furnished with cloisters.
Sir H. Wotton.
Clois"ter*er (?), n. [Cf. OF.
cloistier.] One belonging to, or living in, a
cloister; a recluse.
Clois"tral (?), a. Of,
pertaining to, or confined in, a cloister; recluse.
[Written also cloisteral.]
Best become a cloistral exercise.
Daniel.
Clois"tress (?), n. A
nun. [R.] Shak.
Cloke (?), n. & v. See
Cloak. [Obs.]
{ Clomb (?), Clomb"en (?), }
imp. & p. p. of Climb (for
climbed). [Obs.]
The sonne, he sayde, is clomben up on
hevene.
Chaucer.
Clomp (?), n. See
Clamp.
Clong (?), imp. of
Cling. [Obs.]
Clon"ic (?), a. [Gr.
klo`nos a violent, confused motion; cf. F.
clonique.] (Med.) Having an irregular,
convulsive motion. Dunglison.
Clonic spasm. (Med.) See under
Spasm.
Cloom (?), v. t. [A variant of
clam to clog.] To close with glutinous matter.
[Obs.] Mortimer.
Cloop (?), n. [An
onomatopœia.] The sound made when a cork is forcibly
drawn from a bottle. "The cloop of a cork wrenched
from a bottle." Thackeray.
Close (?), v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Closed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Closing.] [From OF. & F. clos, p. p. of
clore to close, fr. L. claudere; akin to G.
schliessen to shut, and to E. clot,
cloister, clavicle, conclude, sluice.
Cf. Clause, n.] 1.
To stop, or fill up, as an opening; to shut; as, to
close the eyes; to close a door.
2. To bring together the parts of; to
consolidate; as, to close the ranks of an army; -- often
used with up.
3. To bring to an end or period; to
conclude; to complete; to finish; to end; to consummate; as, to
close a bargain; to close a course of
instruction.
One frugal supper did our studies
close.
Dryden.
4. To come or gather around; to inclose;
to encompass; to confine.
The depth closed me round about.
Jonah ii. 5.
But now thou dost thyself immure and
close
In some one corner of a feeble heart.
Herbert.
A closed sea, a sea within the
jurisdiction of some particular nation, which controls its
navigation.
Close, v. i. 1.
To come together; to unite or coalesce, as the parts of a
wound, or parts separated.
What deep wounds ever closed without a
scar?
Byron.
2. To end, terminate, or come to a
period; as, the debate closed at six o'clock.
3. To grapple; to engage in hand-to-hand
fight.
They boldly closed in a hand-to-hand
contest.
Prescott.
To close on or upon,
to come to a mutual agreement; to agree on or join in.
"Would induce France and Holland to close upon some
measures between them to our disadvantage." Sir W. Temple.
-- To close with. (a) To
accede to; to consent or agree to; as, to close with the
terms proposed. (b) To make an agreement
with. -- To close with the land
(Naut.), to approach the land.
Close (?), n. 1.
The manner of shutting; the union of parts; junction.
[Obs.]
The doors of plank were; their close
exquisite.
Chapman.
2. Conclusion; cessation; ending;
end.
His long and troubled life was drawing to a
close.
Macaulay.
3. A grapple in wrestling.
Bacon.
4. (Mus.) (a) The
conclusion of a strain of music; cadence.
(b) A double bar marking the end.
At every close she made, the attending
throng
Replied, and bore the burden of the song.
Dryden.
Syn. -- Conclusion; termination; cessation; end;
ending; extremity; extreme.
Close (? or ?), n. [OF. & F.
clos an inclosure, fr. clos, p. p. of clore.
See Close, v. t.] 1.
An inclosed place; especially, a small field or piece of
land surrounded by a wall, hedge, or fence of any kind; --
specifically, the precinct of a cathedral or abbey.
Closes surrounded by the venerable abodes
of deans and canons.
Macaulay.
2. A narrow passage leading from a street
to a court, and the houses within. [Eng.]
Halliwell
3. (Law) The interest which one
may have in a piece of ground, even though it is not
inclosed. Bouvier.
Close (?), a.
[Compar. Closer (?);
superl. Closest.] [Of. & F. clos,
p. p. of clore. See Close, v. t.]
1. Shut fast; closed; tight; as, a
close box.
From a close bower this dainty music
flowed.
Dryden.
2. Narrow; confined; as, a close
alley; close quarters. "A close prison."
Dickens.
3. Oppressive; without motion or
ventilation; causing a feeling of lassitude; -- said of the air,
weather, etc.
If the rooms be low-roofed, or full of windows and
doors, the one maketh the air close, . . . and the other
maketh it exceeding unequal.
Bacon.
4. Strictly confined; carefully quarded;
as, a close prisoner.
5. Out of the way observation; secluded;
secret; hidden. "He yet kept himself close because
of Saul." 1 Chron. xii. 1
"Her close intent."
Spenser.
6. Disposed to keep secrets; secretive;
reticent. "For secrecy, no lady closer."
Shak.
7. Having the parts near each other;
dense; solid; compact; as applied to bodies; viscous; tenacious;
not volatile, as applied to liquids.
The golden globe being put into a press, . . . the
water made itself way through the pores of that very close
metal.
Locke.
8. Concise; to the point; as,
close reasoning. "Where the original is close
no version can reach it in the same compass." Dryden.
9. Adjoining; near; either in space;
time, or thought; -- often followed by to.
Plant the spring crocuses close to a
wall.
Mortimer.
The thought of the Man of sorrows seemed a very
close thing -- not a faint hearsay.
G. Eliot.
10. Short; as, to cut grass or hair
close.
11. Intimate; familiar;
confidential.
League with you I seek
And mutual amity, so strait, so close,
That I with you must dwell, or you with me.
Milton.
12. Nearly equal; almost evenly balanced;
as, a close vote. "A close contest."
Prescott.
13. Difficult to obtain; as, money is
close. Bartlett.
14. Parsimonious; stingy. "A crusty
old fellow, as close as a vise." Hawthorne.
15. Adhering strictly to a standard or
original; exact; strict; as, a close translation.
Locke.
16. Accurate; careful; precise; also,
attentive; undeviating; strict; not wandering; as, a close
observer.
17. (Phon.) Uttered with a
relatively contracted opening of the mouth, as certain sounds of
e and o in French, Italian, and German; -- opposed
to open.
Close borough. See under
Borough. -- Close breeding. See
under Breeding. -- Close communion,
communion in the Lord's supper, restricted to those who have
received baptism by immersion. -- Close
corporation, a body or corporation which fills its
own vacancies. -- Close fertilization.
(Bot.) See Fertilization. -- Close
harmony (Mus.), compact harmony, in which
the tones composing each chord are not widely distributed over
several octaves. -- Close time, a
fixed period during which killing game or catching certain fish
is prohibited by law. -- Close vowel
(Pron.), a vowel which is pronounced with a diminished
aperture of the lips, or with contraction of the cavity of the
mouth. -- Close to the wind
(Naut.), directed as nearly to the point from which
the wind blows as it is possible to sail; closehauled; -- said of
a vessel.
Close (?), adv. 1.
In a close manner.
2. Secretly; darkly. [Obs.]
A wondrous vision which did close imply
The course of all her fortune and posterity.
Spenser.
Close"-band`ed (?), a. Closely
united.
Close"-barred` (?), a. Firmly
barred or closed.
Close"-bod`ied (?), a. Fitting
the body exactly; setting close, as a garment.
Ayliffe.
Close"-fights` (?), n. pl.
(Naut.) Barriers with loopholes, formerly erected on
the deck of a vessel to shelter the men in a close engagement
with an enemy's boarders; -- called also close
quarters. [Obs.]
Close"fist`ed (?), a.
Covetous; niggardly. Bp. Berkeley.
"Closefisted contractors." Hawthorne.
Close"hand`ed (?), a.
Covetous; penurious; stingy; closefisted. --
Close"hand`ed*ness, n.
Close"hauled` (?), a.
(Naut.) Under way and moving as nearly as possible
toward the direction from which the wind blows; -- said of a
sailing vessel.
Close"ly, adv. 1.
In a close manner.
2. Secretly; privately. [Obs.]
That nought she did but wayle, and often
steepe
Her dainty couch with tears which
closely she did weepe.
Spenser.
Close"mouthed` (?), a.
Cautious in speaking; secret; wary;
uncommunicative.
Clos"en (?), v. t. To make
close. [R.]
Close"ness, n. The state of
being close.
Half stifled by the closeness of the
room.
Swift.
We rise not against the piercing judgment of
Augustus, nor the extreme caution or closeness of
Tiberius.
Bacon.
An affectation of closeness and
covetousness.
Addison.
Syn. -- Narrowness; oppressiveness; strictness;
secrecy; compactness; conciseness; nearness; intimacy; tightness;
stinginess; literalness.
Clos"er (?), n. 1.
One who, or that which, closes; specifically, a boot closer.
See under Boot.
2. A finisher; that which finishes or
terminates.
3. (Masonry) The last stone in a
horizontal course, if of a less size than the others, or a piece
of brick finishing a course. Gwilt.
Close"reefed` (?), a.
(Naut.) Having all the reefs taken in; -- said of a
sail.
Close"-stool` (?), n. A
utensil to hold a chamber vessel, for the use of the sick and
infirm. It is usually in the form of a box, with a seat and tight
cover.
Clos"et (?), n. [OF. closet
little inclosure, dim. of clos. See Close an
inclosure.] 1. A small room or apartment for
retirement; a room for privacy.
A chair-lumbered closet, just twelve feet
by nine.
Goldsmith.
When thou prayest, enter into thy
closet.
Matt. vi. 6.
2. A small apartment, or recess in the
side of a room, for household utensils, clothing, etc.
Dryden.
Closet sin, sin commited in
privacy. Bp. Hall.
Clos"et, v. t. [imp. & p.
pr. & vb. n. Closeting.] 1.
To shut up in, or as in, a closet; to conceal.
[R.]
Bedlam's closeted and handcuffed
charge.
Cowper.
2. To make into a closet for a secret
interview.
He was to call a new legislature, to closet
its members.
Bancroft.
He had been closeted with De Quadra.
Froude.
Close"-tongued` (&?;), a.
Closemouthed; silent. "Close-tongued treason."
Shak.
Closh (?), n. [CF. F.
clocher to limp, halt.] A disease in the feet of
cattle; laminitis. Crabb.
Closh, n. [CF. D. klossen to
play at bowls.] The game of ninepins. [Obs.]
Halliwell.
Clo"sure (?, 135), n. [Of. closure,
L. clausura, fr. clauedere to shut. See
Close, v. t.] 1.
The act of shutting; a closing; as, the closure of a
chink.
2. That which closes or shuts; that by
which separate parts are fastened or closed.
Without a seal, wafer, or any closure
whatever.
Pope.
3. That which incloses or confines; an
inclosure.
O thou bloody prison . . .
Within the guilty closure of thy walls
Richard the Second here was hacked to death.
Shak.
4. A conclusion; an end. [Obs.]
Shak.
5. (Parliamentary Practice) A
method of putting an end to debate and securing an immediate vote
upon a measure before a legislative body. It is similar in effect
to the previous question. It was first introduced into the
British House of Commons in 1882. The French word
clôture was originally applied to this
proceeding.
Clot (?), n. [OE. clot,
clodde, clod; akin to D. kloot ball, G.
kloss clod, dumpling, klotz block, Dan.
klods, Sw. klot bowl, globe, klots block;
cf. AS. clāte bur. Cf. Clod,
n., Clutter to clot.] A concretion
or coagulation; esp. a soft, slimy, coagulated mass, as of blood;
a coagulum. "Clots of pory gore."
Addison.
Doth bake the egg into clots as if it began
to poach.
Bacon.
&fist; Clod and clot appear to be radically the
same word, and are so used by early writers; but in present use
clod is applied to a mass of earth or the like, and
clot to a concretion or coagulation of soft matter.
Clot, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Clotted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Clotting.] To concrete, coagulate, or thicken, as
soft or fluid matter by evaporation; to become a cot or
clod.
Clot, v. t. To form into a
slimy mass.
Clot"bur` (?), n. [Cf.
Clote.] 1. The burdock. [Prov.
Engl.] Prior.
2. Same as Cocklebur.
Clote (?), n. [AS. cl&?;te:
cf. G. klette.] The common burdock; the
clotbur. [Obs.] Wyclif.
Cloth (?; 115), n.; pl.
Cloths (#; 115), except in the sense of
garments, when it is Clothes (klōthz or
klōz). [OE. clath cloth, AS. clāþ
cloth, garment; akin to D. kleed, Icel.
klæði, Dan. klæde, cloth, Sw.
kläde, G. kleid garment, dress.]
1. A fabric made of fibrous material (or
sometimes of wire, as in wire cloth); commonly, a woven fabric of
cotton, woolen, or linen, adapted to be made into garments;
specifically, woolen fabrics, as distinguished from all
others.
2. The dress; raiment. [Obs.] See
Clothes.
I'll ne'er distust my God for cloth and
bread.
Quarles.
3. The distinctive dress of any
profession, especially of the clergy; hence, the clerical
profession.
Appeals were made to the priesthood. Would they
tamely permit so gross an insult to be offered to their
cloth?
Macaulay.
The cloth, the clergy, are constituted for
administering and for giving the best possible effect to . . .
every axiom.
I. Taylor.
Body cloth. See under Body.
-- Cloth of gold, a fabric woven wholly or
partially of threads of gold. -- Cloth
measure, the measure of length and surface by which
cloth is measured and sold. For this object the standard yard is
usually divided into quarters and nails. -- Cloth
paper, a coarse kind of paper used in pressing and
finishing woolen cloth. -- Cloth shearer,
one who shears cloth and frees it from superfluous
nap.
Clothe (?), v. t. [imp. &
p. p. Clothed (&?;) or Clad (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Clothing.] [OE.
clathen, clothen, clethen, AS.
clāðian, clæðan. See
Cloth.] 1. To put garments on; to
cover with clothing; to dress.
Go with me, to clothe you as becomes
you.
Shak.
2. To provide with clothes; as, to feed
and clothe a family; to clothe one's self
extravagantly.
Drowsiness shall clothe a man with
rags.
Prov. xxiii. 21.
The naked every day he clad,
When he put on his clothes.
Goldsmith.
3. Fig.: To cover or invest, as with a
garment; as, to clothe one with authority or
power.
Language in which they can clothe their
thoughts.
Watts.
His sides are clothed with waving wood.
J. Dyer.
Thus Belial, with with words clothed in
reason's garb.
Milton.
Clothe (?), v. i. To wear
clothes. [Poetic]
Care no more to clothe eat.
Shak.
Clothes (? or ?; 277), n. pl. [From
Cloth.] 1. Covering for the human
body; dress; vestments; vesture; -- a general term for whatever
covering is worn, or is made to be worn, for decency or
comfort.
She . . . speaks well, and has excellent good
clothes.
Shak.
If I may touch but his clothes, I shall be
whole.
Mark. v. 28.
2. The covering of a bed;
bedclothes.
She turned each way her frighted head,
Then sunk it deep beneath the clothes.
Prior.
Body clothes. See under
Body. -- Clothes moth
(Zoöl.), a small moth of the genus Tinea.
The most common species (T. flavifrontella) is yellowish
white. The larvæ eat woolen goods, furs, feathers, etc.
They live in tubular cases made of the material upon which they
feed, fastened together with silk.
Syn. -- Garments; dress; clothing; apparel; attire;
vesture; raiment; garb; costume; habit; habiliments.
Clothes"horse` (-hôrs`), n.
A frame to hang clothes on.
Clothes"line` (?), n. A rope
or wire on which clothes are hung to dry.
Clothes"pin` (? or ?), n. A
forked piece of wood, or a small spring clamp, used for fastening
clothes on a line.
Clothes"press` (?), n. A
receptacle for clothes.
Cloth"ier (?), n.
1. One who makes cloths; one who dresses or
fulls cloth. Hayward.
2. One who sells cloth or clothes, or who
makes and sells clothes.
Cloth"ing (?), n.
1. Garments in general; clothes; dress;
raiment; covering.
From others he shall stand in need of nothing,
Yet on his brothers shall depend for clothing.
Milton.
As for me, . . . my clothing was
sackloth.
Ps. xxxv. 13
2. The art of process of making
cloth. [R.]
Instructing [refugees] in the art of
clothing.
Ray.
3. A covering of non-conducting material
on the outside of a boiler, or steam chamber, to prevent
radiation of heat. Knight.
4. (Mach.) See Card
clothing, under 3d Card.
Clot"hred (?), p. p.
Clottered. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Clot"poll` (?), n. See
Clodpoll. [Obs.] Shak.
Clot"ted (?), a. Composed of
clots or clods; having the quality or form of a clot; sticky;
slimy; foul. "The clotted glebe." J.
Philips.
When lust . . .
Lets in defilement to the inward parts,
The soul grows clotted by contagion.
Milton.
Clot"ter (?), v. i. [From
Clot.] To concrete into lumps; to clot. [Obs.]
"Clottered blood." Chapman.
Clot"ty (?), a. [From Clot,
n.] Full of clots, or clods.
"Clotty matter." Harvey.
||Clô`ture" (?), n. [F.]
(Parliamentary Practice) See Closure,
5.
Clot"weed` (?), n. [See
Clote.] Cocklebur.
Cloud (kloud), n. [Prob. fr. AS.
clūd a rock or hillock, the application arising from
the frequent resemblance of clouds to rocks or hillocks in the
sky or air.] 1. A collection of visible
vapor, or watery particles, suspended in the upper
atmosphere.
I do set my bow in the cloud.
Gen. ix. 13.
&fist; A classification of clouds according to their chief
forms was first proposed by the meteorologist Howard, and this is
still substantially employed. The following varieties and
subvarieties are recognized: (a) Cirrus.
This is the most elevated of all the forms of clouds; is thin,
long-drawn, sometimes looking like carded wool or hair, sometimes
like a brush or room, sometimes in curl-like or fleecelike
patches. It is the cat's-tail of the sailor, and the
mare's-tail of the landsman. (b)
Cumulus. This form appears in large masses of a
hemispherical form, or nearly so, above, but flat below, one
often piled above another, forming great clouds, common in the
summer, and presenting the appearance of gigantic mountains
crowned with snow. It often affords rain and thunder gusts.
(c) Stratus. This form appears in layers
or bands extending horizontally. (d)
Nimbus. This form is characterized by its uniform gray
tint and ragged edges; it covers the sky in seasons of continued
rain, as in easterly storms, and is the proper rain cloud.
The name is sometimes used to denote a raining cumulus, or
cumulostratus. (e) Cirro-cumulus. This
form consists, like the cirrus, of thin, broken,
fleecelice clouds, but the parts are more or less rounded and
regulary grouped. It is popularly called mackerel sky.
(f) Cirro-stratus. In this form the
patches of cirrus coalesce in long strata, between cirrus and
stratus. (g) Cumulo-stratus. A form
between cumulus and stratus, often assuming at the horizon a
black or bluish tint. -- Fog, cloud, motionless, or nearly
so, lying near or in contact with the earth's surface. --
Storm scud, cloud lying quite low, without form, and
driven rapidly with the wind.
2. A mass or volume of smoke, or flying
dust, resembling vapor. "A thick cloud of incense."
Ezek. viii. 11.
3. A dark vein or spot on a lighter
material, as in marble; hence, a blemish or defect; as, a
cloud upon one's reputation; a cloud on a
title.
4. That which has a dark, lowering, or
threatening aspect; that which temporarily overshadows, obscures,
or depresses; as, a cloud of sorrow; a cloud of
war; a cloud upon the intellect.
5. A great crowd or multitude; a vast
collection. "So great a cloud of witnesses."
Heb. xii. 1.
6. A large, loosely-knitted scarf, worn
by women about the head.
Cloud on a (or the)
title (Law), a defect of title,
usually superficial and capable of removal by release, decision
in equity, or legislation. -- To be under a
cloud, to be under suspicion or in disgrace; to be
in disfavor. -- In the clouds, in the
realm of facy and imagination; beyond reason; visionary.
Cloud (?), v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Clouded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Clouding.] 1. To overspread or hide
with a cloud or clouds; as, the sky is clouded.
2. To darken or obscure, as if by hiding
or enveloping with a cloud; hence, to render gloomy or
sullen.
One day too late, I fear me, noble lord,
Hath clouded all thy happy days on earth.
Shak.
Be not disheartened, then, nor cloud those
looks.
Milton.
Nothing clouds men's minds and impairs
their honesty like prejudice.
M. Arnold.
3. To blacken; to sully; to stain; to
tarnish; to damage; -- esp. used of reputation or
character.
I would not be a stander-by to hear
My sovereign mistress clouded so, without
My present vengeance taken.
Shak.
4. To mark with, or darken in, veins or
sports; to variegate with colors; as, to cloud
yarn.
And the nice conduct of a clouded cane.
Pope.
Cloud, v. i. To grow cloudy;
to become obscure with clouds; -- often used with
up.
Worthies, away! The scene begins to
cloud.
Shak.
Cloud"age (?), n. Mass of
clouds; cloudiness. [R.]
A scudding cloudage of shapes.
Coleridge.
Cloud"ber`ry (?), n. (Bot.)
A species of raspberry (Rubus Chamæmerous)
growing in the northern regions, and bearing edible, amber-
colored fruit.
Cloud"-built (?), a. Built of,
or in, the clouds; airy; unsubstantial; imaginary.
Cowper.
So vanished my cloud-built palace.
Goldsmith.
Cloud"-burst` (?), n. A sudden
copious rainfall, as if the whole cloud had been precipitated at
once.
Cloud"-capped` (?), a. Having
clouds resting on the top or head; reaching to the clouds; as,
cloud-capped mountains.
Cloud"-com*pel`ler (?), n.
Cloud-gatherer; -- an epithet applied to Zeus.
[Poetic.] Pope.
Cloud"i*ly (?), adv. In a
cloudy manner; darkly; obscurely. Dryden.
Cloud"i*ness, n. The state of
being cloudy.
Cloud"ing, n. 1.
A mottled appearance given to ribbons and silks in the
process of dyeing.
2. A diversity of colors in yarn,
recurring at regular intervals. Knight.
Cloud"land` (?), n.
Dreamland.
Cloud"less, a. Without a
cloud; clear; bright.
A cloudless winter sky.
Bankroft.
-- Cloud"less*ly, adv. --
Cloud"less*ness, n.
Cloud"let (?), n. A little
cloud. R. Browning.
Eve's first star through fleecy cloudlet
peeping.
Coleridge.
Cloud"y (&?;), a.
[Compar. Cloudier (&?;);
superl. Cloudiest.] [From Cloud,
n.] 1. Overcast or
obscured with clouds; clouded; as, a cloudy sky.
2. Consisting of a cloud or
clouds.
As Moses entered into the tabernacle, the
cloudy pillar descended.
Ex. xxxiii. 9
3. Indicating gloom, anxiety, sullenness,
or ill-nature; not open or cheerful. "A cloudy
countenance." Shak.
4. Confused; indistinct; obscure;
dark.
Cloudy and confused notions of things.
Watts.
5. Lacking clearness, brightness, or
luster. "A cloudy diamond." Boyle.
6. Marked with veins or sports of dark or
various hues, as marble.
Clough (?), n. [OE. clough,
cloghe, clou, clewch, AS. (assumed)
clōh, akin to G. klinge ravine.]
1. A cleft in a hill; a ravine; a narrow
valley. Nares.
2. A sluice used in returning water to a
channel after depositing its sediment on the flooded land.
Knight.
Clough (?; 115), n. (Com.)
An allowance in weighing. See Cloff.
Clout (?), n. [AS.
clūt a little cloth, piece of metal; cf. Sw.
klut, Icel. klūtr a kerchief, or W.
clwt a clout, Gael. clud.] 1.
A cloth; a piece of cloth or leather; a patch; a
rag.
His garments, nought but many ragged
clouts,
With thorns together pinned and patched was.
Spenser.
A clout upon that head where late the
diadem stood.
Shak.
2. A swadding cloth.
3. A piece; a fragment. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
4. The center of the butt at which
archers shoot; -- probably once a piece of white cloth or a nail
head.
A'must shoot nearer or he'll ne'er hit the
clout.
Shak.
5. An iron plate on an axletree or other
wood to keep it from wearing; a washer.
6. A blow with the hand. [Low]
Clout nail, a kind of wrought-iron nail
heaving a large flat head; -- used for fastening clouts to
axletrees, plowshares, etc., also for studding timber, and for
various purposes.
Clout, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Clouted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Clouting.] [OE. clutien. clouten, to patch.
See Clout, n.] 1.
To cover with cloth, leather, or other material; to bandage;
patch, or mend, with a clout.
And old shoes and clouted upon their
feet.
Josh. ix. 5.
Paul, yea, and Peter, too, had more skill in . . .
clouting an old tent than to teach lawyers.
Latimer.
2. To join or patch clumsily.
If fond Bavius vent his clouted song.
P. Fletcher
3. To quard with an iron plate, as an
axletree.
4. To give a blow to; to strike.
[Low]
The . . . queen of Spain took off one of her
chopines and clouted Olivarez about the noddle with
it.
Howell.
5. To stud with nails, as a timber, or a
boot sole.
Clouted cream, clotted cream, i.
e., cream obtained by warming new milk. A.
Philips.
&fist; "Clouted brogues" in Shakespeare and
"clouted shoon" in Milton have been understood by some to
mean shoes armed with nails; by others, patched shoes.
Clout"er*ly (?), a. [From
Clout, n.] Clumsy; awkward.
[Obs.]
Rough-hewn, cloutery verses.
E. Phillips.
Clove (?), imp. of Cleave.
Cleft. Spenser.
Clove hitch (Naut.) See under
Hitch. -- Clove hook
(Naut.), an iron two-part hook, with jaws overlapping,
used in bending chain sheets to the clews of sails; -- called
also clip hook. Knight.
Clove, n. [D. kloof. See
Cleave, v. t.] A cleft; a gap; a
ravine; -- rarely used except as part of a proper name; as,
Kaaterskill Clove; Stone Clove.
Clove, n. [OE. clow, fr. F.
clou nail, clou de girofle a clove, lit. nail of
clove, fr. L. clavus nail, perh. akin to clavis
key, E. clavicle. The clove was so called from its
resemblance to a nail. So in D. kruidnagel clove, lit.
herb-nail or spice-nail. Cf. Cloy.] A
very pungent aromatic spice, the unexpanded flower bud of the
clove tree (Eugenia, or Caryophullus, aromatica), a native
of the Molucca Isles.
Clove camphor. (Chem.) See
Eugenin. -- Clove gillyflower,
Clove pink (Bot.), any fragrant
self-colored carnation.
Clove, n. [AS. clufe an ear
of corn, a clove of garlic; cf. cleófan to split,
E. cleave.] 1. (Bot.) One of
the small bulbs developed in the axils of the scales of a large
bulb, as in the case of garlic.
Developing, in the axils of its skales, new bulbs,
of what gardeners call cloves.
Lindley.
2. A weight. A clove of cheese is
about eight pounds, of wool, about seven pounds. [Prov.
Eng.] Halliwell.
Clo"ven (?), p. p. & a. from
Cleave, v. t.
To show the cloven foot or
hoof, to reveal a devilish character, or
betray an evil purpose, notwithstanding disguises, -- Satan being
represented dramatically and symbolically as having cloven
hoofs.
{ Clo"ven-foot`ed (?), Clo"ven-hoofed` (?)
}, a. Having the foot or hoof divided into
two parts, as the ox.
Clo"ver (klō"v&etilde;r), n.
[OE. claver, clover, AS. cl&aemacr;fre; akin
to LG. & Dan. klever, D. klaver, G. klee,
Sw. klöfver.] (Bot.) A plant of different
species of the genus Trifolium; as the common red clover,
T. pratense, the white, T. repens, and the hare's
foot, T. arvense.
Clover weevil (Zoöl.) a
small weevil (Apion apricans), that destroys the seeds of
clover. -- Clover worm
(Zoöl.), the larva of a small moth (Asopia
costalis), often very destructive to clover hay. --
In clover, in very pleasant circumstances;
fortunate. [Colloq.] -- Sweet clover. See
Meliot.
Clo"vered (?), a. Covered with
growing clover.
Flocks thick nibbling through the clovered
vale.
Thomson.
Clowe"-gi*lof`re (?), n. [See 3d
Clove, and Gillyflower.] Spice clove.
[Obs.] Chaucer.
Clown (kloun), n. [Cf. Icel.
klunni a clumsy, boorish fellow, North Fries.
klönne clown, dial. Sw. klunn log, Dan.
klunt log, block, and E. clump, n.]
1. A man of coarse nature and manners; an
awkward fellow; an ill-bred person; a boor. Sir P.
Sidney.
2. One who works upon the soil; a rustic;
a churl.
The clown, the child of nature, without
guile.
Cowper.
3. The fool or buffoon in a play, circus,
etc.
The clown shall make those laugh whose
lungs are tickle o'the sere.
Shak.
Clown, v. i. To act as a
clown; -- with it. [Obs.]
Beshrew me, he clowns it properly
indeed.
B. Jonson.
Clown"age (?), n. Behavior or
manners of a clown; clownery. [Obs.] B. Jonson.
Clown"er*y (-&etilde;r*&ybreve;),
n. Clownishness.
L'Estrange.
Clown"ish, a. Of or resembling
a clown, or characteristic of a clown; ungainly; awkward.
"Clownish hands." Spenser. "Clownish mimic."
Prior.
-- Clown"ish*ly, adv.
Syn. -- Coarse; rough; clumsy; awkward; ungainly; rude;
uncivil; ill-bred; boorish; rustic; untutored.
Clown"ish*ness, n. The manners
of a clown; coarseness or rudeness of behavior.
That plainness which the alamode people call
clownishness.
Locke.
Cloy (kloi), v. t. [imp. &
p. p. Cloyed (kloid); p. pr. & vb.
n. Cloying.] [OE. cloer to nail up, F.
clouer, fr. OF. clo nail, F. clou, fr. L.
clavus nail. Cf. 3d Clove.] 1.
To fill or choke up; to stop up; to clog. [Obs.]
The duke's purpose was to have cloyed the
harbor by sinking ships, laden with stones.
Speed.
2. To glut, or satisfy, as the appetite;
to satiate; to fill to loathing; to surfeit.
[Who can] cloy the hungry edge of
appetite
By bare imagination of a feast?
Shak.
He sometimes cloys his readers instead of
satisfying.
Dryden.
3. To penetrate or pierce; to
wound.
Which, with his cruel tusk, him deadly
cloyed.
Spenser.
He never shod horse but he cloyed him.
Bacon.
4. To spike, as a cannon. [Obs.]
Johnson.
5. To stroke with a claw. [Obs.]
Shak.
Cloy"less, a. That does not
cloy. Shak.
Cloy"ment (?), n.
Satiety. [Obs.] Shak.
Club (klŭb), n. [Cf. Icel.
klubba, klumba, club, klumbufōir a
clubfoot, SW. klubba club, Dan. klump lump,
klub a club, G. klumpen clump, kolben club,
and E. clump.] 1. A heavy staff of
wood, usually tapering, and wielded with the hand; a weapon; a
cudgel.
But make you ready your stiff bats and
clubs;
Rome and her rats are at the point of battle.
Shak.
2. [Cf. the Spanish name bastos, and
Sp. baston staff, club.] Any card of the suit of
cards having a figure like the trefoil or clover leaf.
(pl.) The suit of cards having such figure.
3. An association of persons for the
promotion of some common object, as literature, science,
politics, good fellowship, etc.; esp. an association supported by
equal assessments or contributions of the members.
They talked
At wine, in clubs, of art, of politics.
Tennyson.
He [Goldsmith] was one of the nine original
members of that celebrated fraternity which has sometimes been
called the Literary Club, but which has always disclaimed
that epithet, and still glories in the simple name of the
Club.
Macaulay.
4. A joint charge of expense, or any
person's share of it; a contribution to a common fund.
They laid down the club.
L'Estrange.
We dined at a French house, but paid ten shillings
for our part of the club.
Pepys.
Club law, government by violence; lynch
law; anarchy. Addison. -
Club moss (Bot.), an evergreen
mosslike plant, much used in winter decoration. The best know
species is Lycopodium clavatum, but other Lycopodia
are often called by this name. The spores form a highly
inflammable powder. -- Club root
(Bot.), a disease of cabbages, by which the roots
become distorted and the heads spoiled. -- Club
topsail (Naut.), a kind of gaff topsail,
used mostly by yachts having a fore-and-aft rig. It has a short
"club" or "jack yard" to increase its spread.
Club (klŭb), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Clubbed (klŭbd);
p. pr. & vb. n. Clubbing.]
1. To beat with a club.
2. (Mil.) To throw, or allow to
fall, into confusion.
To club a battalion implies a temporary
inability in the commanding officer to restore any given body of
men to their natural front in line or column.
Farrow.
3. To unite, or contribute, for the
accomplishment of a common end; as, to club
exertions.
4. To raise, or defray, by a proportional
assesment; as, to club the expense.
To club a musket (Mil.), to turn
the breach uppermost, so as to use it as a club.
Club (?), v. i. 1.
To form a club; to combine for the promotion of some common
object; to unite.
Till grosser atoms, tumbling in the stream
Of fancy, madly met, and clubbed into a dream.
Dryden.
2. To pay on equal or proportionate share
of a common charge or expense; to pay for something by
contribution.
The owl, the raven, and the bat,
Clubbed for a feather to his hat.
Swift.
3. (Naut.) To drift in a current
with an anchor out.
Club"ba*ble (?), a. Suitable
for membership in a club; sociable. [Humorous.] G. W.
Curtis.
Clubbed (?), a. Shaped like a
club; grasped like, or used as, a club.
Skelton.
Club"ber (?), n. 1.
One who clubs.
2. A member of a club. [R.]
Massinger.
Club"bish (?), a.
1. Rude; clownish. [Obs.]
2. Disposed to club together; as, a
clubbish set.
Club"bist (?), n. A member of
a club; a frequenter of clubs. [R.] Burke.
Club"fist` (?), n.
1. A large, heavy fist.
2. A coarse, brutal fellow. [Obs.]
Mir. for Mag.
Club"fist`ed, a. Having a
large fist. Howell.
Club"foot (?), n. [Club +
foot.] (Med.) A short, variously distorted
foot; also, the deformity, usually congenital, which such a foot
exhibits; talipes.
Club"foot`ed, a. Having a
clubfoot.
Club"hand` (?), n. (Med.)
A short, distorted hand; also, the deformity of having such
a hand.
Club"haul` (?), v. t.
(Naut.) To put on the other tack by dropping the lee
anchor as soon as the wind is out of the sails (which brings the
vessel's head to the wind), and by cutting the cable as soon as
she pays off on the other tack. Clubhauling is attempted only in
an exigency.
Club"house` (?), n. A house
occupied by a club.
Club"room` (?), n. The
apartment in which a club meets. Addison.
Club"-rush` (?), n. (Bot.)
A rushlike plant, the reed mace or cat-tail, or some species
of the genus Scirpus. See Bulrush.
Club"-shaped (?), a. Enlarged
gradually at the end, as the antennæ of certain
insects.
Cluck (?), v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Clucked (?); p pr. & vb. n.
Clucking.] [AS. cloccian; cf. D. klokken, G.
glucken, glucksen, LG. klukken, Dan.
klukke; all prob. of imitative origin.] To make the
noise, or utter the call, of a brooding hen.
Ray.
Cluck, v. t. To call together,
or call to follow, as a hen does her chickens.
She, poor hen, fond of no second brood,
Has clucked three to the wars.
Shak.
Cluck, n. 1.
The call of a hen to her chickens.
2. A click. See 3d Click,
2.
Cluck"ing, n. The noise or
call of a brooding hen.
Clue (klū), n. [See
Clew, n.] A ball of thread; a
thread or other means of guidance. Same as Clew.
You have wound a goodly clue.
Shak.
This clue once found unravels all the
rest.
Pope.
Serve as clues to guide us into further
knowledge.
Locke.
Clum (klŭm), interj.
Silence; hush. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Clum"ber (klŭm"b&etilde;r),
n. [Named from the estate of the Duke of
Newcastle.] (Zoöl.) A kind of field spaniel,
with short legs and stout body, which, unlike other spaniels,
hunts silently.
Clump (klŭmp), n. [Cf. D.
klomp lump, G. klump, klumpen, Dan.
klump, Sw. klump; perh. akin to L. globus,
E. globe. Cf. Club.] 1. An
unshaped piece or mass of wood or other substance.
2. A cluster; a group; a
thicket.
A clump of shrubby trees.
Hawthorne.
3. The compressed clay of coal
strata. Brande & C.
Clump, v. t. To arrange in a
clump or clumps; to cluster; to group.
Blackmore.
Clump, v. i. To tread
clumsily; to clamp. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.
Clump"er (?), v. t. [Cf. G.
klümpern to clod. See Clump,
n.] To form into clumps or masses.
[Obs.]
Vapors . . . clumpered in balls of
clouds.
Dr. H. More.
Clumps (?), n. A game in which
questions are asked for the purpose of enabling the questioners
to discover a word or thing previously selected by two persons
who answer the questions; -- so called because the players take
sides in two "clumps" or groups, the "clump" which guesses the
word winning the game.
Clump"y (?), a. [From Clump,
n.] Composed of clumps; massive;
shapeless. Leigh Hunt.
Clum"si*ly (?), adv. In a
clumsy manner; awkwardly; as, to walk clumsily.
Clum"si*ness, n. The quality
of being clumsy.
The drudging part of life is chiefly owing to
clumsiness and ignorance.
Collier.
Clum"sy (?), a.
[Compar. Clumsier (?);
superl. Clumsiest.] [OE. clumsed
benumbed, fr. clumsen to be benumbed; cf. Icel.
klumsa lockjaw, dial. Sw. klummsen benumbed with
cold. Cf. 1st Clam, and 1st Clamp.]
1. Stiff or benumbed, as with cold.
[Obs.]
2. Without skill or grace; wanting
dexterity, nimbleness, or readiness; stiff; awkward, as if
benumbed; unwieldy; unhandy; hence; ill-made, misshapen, or
inappropriate; as, a clumsy person; a clumsy
workman; clumsy fingers; a clumsy gesture; a
clumsy excuse.
But thou in clumsy verse, unlicked,
unpointed,
Hast shamefully defied the Lord's anointed.
Dryden.
Syn. -- See Awkward.
Clunch (?), n. [Perh. fr.
clinch to make fast] 1. (Mining)
Indurated clay. See Bind, n.,
3.
2. One of the hard beds of the lower
chalk. Dana.
Clung (?), imp. & p. p. of
Cling.
Clung, a. [Prop. p. p. fr. OE.
clingen to wither. See Cling, v.
i.] Wasted away; shrunken. [Obs.]
Clu"ni*ac (?), n. (Eccl.
Hist.) A monk of the reformed branch of the Benedictine
Order, founded in 912 at Cluny (or Clugny) in France. -- Also
used as a.
Clu`ni*a*cen"sian (?), a.
Cluniac.
Clu"pe*oid (?), a. [L.
clupea a kind of fish, NL., generic name of the herring +
-oid.] (Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to the
Herring family.
Clus"ter (klŭs"t&etilde;r),
n. [AS. cluster, clyster; cf. LG.
kluster (also Sw. & Dan. klase a cluster of grapes,
D. klissen to be entangled?.)] 1. A
number of things of the same kind growing together; a
bunch.
Her deeds were like great clusters of ripe
grapes,
Which load the bunches of the fruitful vine.
Spenser.
2. A number of similar things collected
together or lying contiguous; a group; as, a cluster of
islands. "Cluster of provinces." Motley.
3. A number of individuals grouped
together or collected in one place; a crowd; a mob.
As bees . . .
Pour forth their populous youth about the hive
In clusters.
Milton.
We loved him; but, like beasts
And cowardly nobles, gave way unto your clusters,
Who did hoot him out o' the city.
Shak.
Clus"ter, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Clustered (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Clustering.] To grow in clusters or
assemble in groups; to gather or unite in a cluster or
clusters.
His sunny hair
Cluster'd about his temples, like a god's.
Tennyson.
The princes of the country clustering
together.
Foxe.
Clus"ter, v. t. To collect
into a cluster or clusters; to gather into a bunch or close
body.
Not less the bee would range her cells, . . .
The foxglove cluster dappled bells.
Tennyson.
Or from the forest falls the clustered
snow.
Thomson.
Clustered column (Arch.), a
column which is composed, or appears to be composed, of several
columns collected together.
Clus"ter*ing*ly, adv. In
clusters.
Clus"ter*y (?), a. [From
Cluster, n.] Growing in, or full
of, clusters; like clusters. Johnson.
Clutch (klŭch; 224), n. [OE.
cloche, cloke, claw, Scot. clook,
cleuck, also OE. cleche claw, clechen,
cleken, to seize; cf. AS. gelæccan (where
ge- is a prefix) to seize. Cf. Latch a catch.]
1. A gripe or clinching with, or as with,
the fingers or claws; seizure; grasp. "The clutch of
poverty." Cowper.
An expiring clutch at popularity.
Carlyle.
But Age, with his stealing steps,
Hath clawed me in his clutch.
Shak.
2. pl. The hands, claws, or
talons, in the act of grasping firmly; -- often figuratively, for
power, rapacity, or cruelty; as, to fall into the clutches
of an adversary.
I must have . . . little care of myself, if I ever
more come near the clutches of such a giant.
Bp. Stillingfleet.
3. (Mach.) A device which is used
for coupling shafting, etc., so as to transmit motion, and which
may be disengaged at pleasure.
4. Any device for gripping an object, as
at the end of a chain or tackle.
5. (Zoöl.) The nest
complement of eggs of a bird.
Bayonet clutch (Mach.), a clutch
in which connection is made by means of bayonets attached to arms
sliding on a feathered shaft. The bayonets slide through holes in
a crosshead fastened on the shaft.
Clutch, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Clutched (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Clutching.] [OE. clucchen. See
Clutch, n.] 1. To
seize, clasp, or gripe with the hand, hands, or claws; -- often
figuratively; as, to clutch power.
A man may set the poles together in his head, and
clutch the whole globe at one intellectual grasp.
Collier.
Is this a dagger which I see before me . . . ?
Come, let me clutch thee.
Shak.
2. To close tightly; to clinch.
Not that I have the power to clutch my
hand.
Shak.
Clutch, v. i. To reach (at
something) as if to grasp; to catch or snatch; -- often followed
by at.
Clutching at the phantoms of the stock
market.
Bankroft.
Clut"ter (?), n. [Cf. W.
cludair heap, pile, cludeirio to heap.]
1. A confused collection; hence, confusion;
disorder; as, the room is in a clutter.
He saw what a clutter there was with huge,
overgrown pots, pans, and spits.
L'Estrange.
2. Clatter; confused noise.
Swift.
Clut"ter, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Cluttered (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Cluttering.] To crowd together in
disorder; to fill or cover with things in disorder; to throw into
disorder; to disarrange; as, to clutter a room.
Clut"ter, v. i. To make a
confused noise; to bustle.
It [the goose] cluttered here, it chuckled
there.
Tennyson.
Clut"ter, v. t. [From Clod,
n.] To clot or coagulate, as blood.
[Obs.] Holland.
Clyp`e*as"troid (?), a. [NL.
Clypeaster (L. clupeus shield + aster star)
+ -oid.] (Zoöl.) Like or related to the
genus Clupeaster; -- applied to a group of flattened sea
urchins, with a rosette of pores on the upper side.
Clyp"e*ate (?), a. [L.
clupeatus, p. p. of clupeare to arm with a shield,
fr. clupeus, clipeus shield.] 1.
(Bot.) Shaped like a round buckler or shield;
scutate.
2. (Zoöl.) Furnished with a
shield, or a protective plate or shell.
Clyp"e*i*form` (?), a. [L.
clupeus shield + -form.] Shield-shaped;
clypeate.
||Clyp"e*us (?), n.; pl.
Clypei (#). [L., a shield.] (Zoöl.)
The frontal plate of the head of an insect.
Clys"mi*an (?), a. [Gr. &?; a place
washed by the waves, fr. &?;. See Clyster.] Connected
with, or related to, the deluge, or to a cataclysm; as,
clysmian changes. Smart.
Clys"mic (?), a. Washing;
cleansing.
Clys"ter (?), n. [L., fr. G. &?;.
fr. &?; to wash off or out; akin to Goth. hlūtrs
pure, G. lauter: cf. F. clystère]
(Med.) A liquid injected into the lower intestines by
means of a syringe; an injection; an enema.
Clyster pipe, a tube or pipe used for
injections.
Cne"mi*al (?), a. [Gr. &?; the
tibia.] (Anat.) Pertaining to the shin
bone.
Cnemial crest, a crestlike prominence on
the proximal end of the tibia of birds and some
reptiles.
||Cni"da (nī"d&adot;), n.;
pl. Cnidæ (nī"dē).
[NL., fr. Gr. kni`dh nettle, sea nettle.]
(Zoöl.) One of the peculiar stinging cells found
in Cœlenterata; a nematocyst; a lasso cell.
||Cni*da"ri*a (n&ibreve;*dā"r&ibreve;*&adot;),
n. pl. [NL. See Cnida.]
(Zoöl.) A comprehensive group equivalent to the
true Cœlenterata, i. e., exclusive of the sponges.
They are so named from presence of stinging cells (cnidae)
in the tissues. See Coelenterata.
Cni"do*blast (?), n. [Cnida
+ -blast.] (Zoöl.) One of the cells
which, in the Cœlenterata, develop into
cnidæ.
Cni"do*cil (?), n. [Cnida +
cilium eyelash.] (Zoöl.) The fine
filiform process of a cnidoblast.
Co- (k&osl;-). A form of the prefix com-,
signifying with, together, in conjunction,
joint. It is used before vowels and some consonants. See
Com-.
Co`a*cer"vate (?), a. [L.
coacervatus, p. p. of coacervare to heap up; co-
+ acervare. See Acervate.] Raised into a
pile; collected into a crowd; heaped. [R.]
Bacon.
Co`a*cer"vate (?), v. t. To
heap up; to pile. [R.]
Co*ac`er*va"tion (?), n. [L.
coacervatio.] A heaping together. [R.]
Bacon.
Coach (kōch; 224), n. [F.
coche, fr. It. cocchio, dim. of cocca little
boat, fr. L. concha mussel, mussel shell, Gr. &?;, akin to
Skr. çankha. Cf. Conch, Cockboat,
Cockle.] 1. A large, closed, four-
wheeled carriage, having doors in the sides, and generally a
front and back seat inside, each for two persons, and an elevated
outside seat in front for the driver.
&fist; Coaches have a variety of forms, and differ in
respect to the number of persons they can carry. Mail
coaches and tallyho coaches often have three or more
seats inside, each for two or three persons, and seats outside,
sometimes for twelve or more.
2. A special tutor who assists in
preparing a student for examination; a trainer; esp. one who
trains a boat's crew for a race. [Colloq.]
Wareham was studying for India with a Wancester
coach.
G. Eliot.
3. (Naut.) A cabin on the after
part of the quarter-deck, usually occupied by the captain.
[Written also couch.] [Obs.]
The commanders came on board and the council sat
in the coach.
Pepys.
4. (Railroad) A first-class
passenger car, as distinguished from a drawing-room car, sleeping
car, etc. It is sometimes loosely applied to any passenger
car.
Coach, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Coached (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Coaching.] 1. To convey
in a coach. Pope.
2. To prepare for public examination by
private instruction; to train by special instruction.
[Colloq.]
I coached him before he got his
scholarship.
G. Eliot.
Coach, v. i. To drive or to
ride in a coach; -- sometimes used with it.
[Colloq.] "Coaching it to all quarters." E.
Waterhouse.
Coach"box` (?). The seat of a
coachman.
Coach"dog` (?; 115). (Zoöl.) One of
a breed of dogs trained to accompany carriages; the Dalmatian
dog.
Coach"ee (?), n. A
coachman [Slang]
Coach"fel`low (?), n. One of a
pair of horses employed to draw a coach; hence (Fig.), a
comrade. Shak.
Coach"man (?), n.; pl.
Coachmen (#). 1. A man
whose business is to drive a coach or carriage.
2. (Zoöl.) A tropical fish of
the Atlantic ocean (Dutes auriga); -- called also
charioteer. The name refers to a long, lashlike spine of
the dorsal fin.
Coach"man*ship (?), n. Skill
in driving a coach.
Coach"whip` snake" (?). (Zoöl.) A
large, slender, harmless snake of the southern United States
(Masticophis flagelliformis).
&fist; Its long and tapering tail has the scales so arranged
and colored as to give it a braided appearance, whence the
name.
Co*act" (?), v. t. [L.
coactare, intens. fr. cogere, coactum, to
force. See Cogent.] To force; to compel; to
drive. [Obs.]
The faith and service of Christ ought to be
voluntary and not coacted.
Foxe.
Co*act", v. i. [Pref. co- +
act, v. i.] To act together; to work in concert; to
unite. [Obs.]
But if I tell you how these two did
coact.
Shak.
Co*ac"tion (?), n. [L.
coactio.] Force; compulsion, either in restraining or
impelling. Sojth.
Co*ac"tive (?), a. [In sense 1, fr.
1st Coact; in sense 2, fr. 2d Coact.]
1. Serving to compel or constrain;
compulsory; restrictive.
Any coactive power or the civil kind.
Bp. Warburton.
2. Acting in concurrence; united in
action.
With what's unreal thou coactive art.
Shak.
Co*ac"tive*ly, adv. In a
coactive manner.
Co`ac*tiv"i*ty (?), n. Unity
of action.
Co*ad`ap*ta"tion (?), n.
Mutual adaption. R. Owen.
Co`a*dapt"ed (?), a. Adapted
one to another; as, coadapted pulp and tooth. R.
Owen.
Co*ad"ju*ment (?), n. Mutual
help; coöperation. [R.] Johnson.
Co`ad*just" (?), v. t. To
adjust by mutual adaptations. R. Owen.
Co`ad*just"ment (?), n. Mutual
adjustment.
Co*ad"ju*tant (?), a. Mutually
assisting or operating; helping. J. Philips.
Co*ad"ju*tant, n. An
assistant. R. North.
Co*ad"ju*ting, a. Mutually
assisting. [Obs.] Drayton.
Co*ad"ju*tive (?), a.
Rendering mutual aid; coadjutant. Feltham.
Co`ad*ju"tor (?), n. [L. See
Co-, and Aid.] 1. One who aids
another; an assistant; a coworker.
Craftily outwitting her perjured
coadjutor.
Sheridan.
2. (R. C. Ch.) The assistant of a
bishop or of a priest holding a benefice.
Co`ad*ju"tor*ship, n. The
state or office of a coadjutor; joint assistance.
Pope.
{ Co`ad*ju"tress (?), Co`ad*ju"trix (?), }
n. A female coadjutor or assistant.
Holland. Smollett.
Co*ad"ju*van*cy (?), n. Joint
help; coöperation. Sir T. Browne.
Co*ad"ju*vant (?), a.
Coöperating.
Co*ad"ju*vant, n. (Med.)
An adjuvant.
Co*ad"u*nate (?; 135), a. [L.
coadunatus, p. p. of coadunare to unite. See
Adunation.] (Bot.) United at the base, as
contiguous lobes of a leaf.
Co*ad`u*na"tion (?), n. [L.
coadunatio.] Union, as in one body or mass;
unity. Jer. Taylor.
The coadunation of all the civilized
provinces.
Coleridge.
Co*ad`u*ni"tion (?), n. [Pref.
co- + pref. ad- + unition.]
Coadunation. [R.] Sir M. Hale.
Co`ad*ven"ture (?; 135), n. An
adventure in which two or more persons are partakers.
Co`ad*ven"ture, v. i. To share
in a venture. Howell.
Co`ad*ven"tur*er (?), n. A
fellow adventurer.
Co`af*for"est (?), v. t. To
convert into, or add to, a forest. Howell.
Coag (?), n. See Coak,
a kind of tenon.
Co*a"gen*cy (?), n. Agency in
common; joint agency or agent. Coleridge.
Co*a"gent (?), n. An associate
in an act; a coworker. Drayton.
Co`ag*ment" (?), v. t. [L.
coagmentare, fr. coagmentum a joining together, fr.
cogere. See Cogent.] To join together.
[Obs.] Glanvill.
Co*ag`men*ta"tion (?), n. [L.
coagmentatio.] The act of joining, or the state of
being joined, together; union. [Obs.] B.
Jonson.
Co*ag`u*la*bil"i*ty (?), n.
The quality of being coagulable; capacity of being
coagulated. Ure.
Co*ag"u*la*ble (?), a. Capable
of being coagulated. Boyle.
Co*ag"u*lant (?), n. [L.
coagulans, p. pr.] That which produces
coagulation.
Co*ag"u*late (?), a. [L.
coagulatus, p. p. of coagulare to coagulate, fr.
coagulum means of coagulation, fr. cogere,
coactum, to drive together, coagulate. See Cogent.]
Coagulated. [Obs.] Shak.
Co*ag"u*late (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Coagulated (?); p.
pr. & vb. n. Coagulating (?).] To cause (a
liquid) to change into a curdlike or semisolid state, not by
evaporation but by some kind of chemical reaction; to curdle; as,
rennet coagulates milk; heat coagulates the white
of an egg.
Co*ag"u*late, v. i. To undergo
coagulation. Boyle.
Syn. -- To thicken; concrete; curdle; clot;
congeal.
Co*ag"u*la`ted (?), a. Changed
into, or contained in, a coagulum or a curdlike mass;
curdled.
Coagulated proteid (Physiol. Chem.),
one of a class of bodies formed in the coagulation of a
albuminous substance by heat, acids, or other agents.
Co*ag`u*la"tion (?), n. [L.
coagulatio.] 1. The change from a
liquid to a thickened, curdlike, insoluble state, not by
evaporation, but by some kind of chemical reaction; as, the
spontaneous coagulation of freshly drawn blood; the
coagulation of milk by rennet, or acid, and the
coagulation of egg albumin by heat. Coagulation is
generally the change of an albuminous body into an insoluble
modification.
2. The substance or body formed by
coagulation.
Co*ag"u*la*tive (?), a. Having
the power to cause coagulation; as, a coagulative
agent. Boyle.
Co*ag"u*la`tor (?), n. That
which causes coagulation. Hixley.
Co*ag"u*la*to*ry (?), a.
Serving to coagulate; produced by coagulation; as,
coagulatory effects. Boyle.
Co*ag"u*lum (?), n.; pl.
Coagula (#). [L. See Coagulate,
a.] The thick, curdy precipitate formed by
the coagulation of albuminous matter; any mass of coagulated
matter, as a clot of blood.
||Co*ai"ta (k&osl;*ä&ibreve;"t&adot;),
n. (Zoöl.) The native name of
certain South American monkeys of the genus Ateles, esp.
A. paniscus. The black-faced coaita is Ateles ater.
See Illustration in Appendix.
Coak (kōk), n. See
Coke, n.
Coak, n. 1.
(Carp.) A kind of tenon connecting the face of a
scarfed timber with the face of another timber, or a dowel or pin
of hard wood or iron uniting timbers. [Also spelt
coag.]
2. A metallic bushing or strengthening
piece in the center of a wooden block sheave.
Coak, v. t. (Carp.) To
unite, as timbers, by means of tenons or dowels in the edges or
faces. Totten.
Coal (?), n. [AS. col; akin
to D. kool, OHG. chol, cholo, G.
kohle, Icel. kol, pl., Sw. kol, Dan.
kul; cf. Skr. jval to burn. Cf. Kiln,
Collier.] 1. A thoroughly charred,
and extinguished or still ignited, fragment from wood or other
combustible substance; charcoal.
2. (Min.) A black, or brownish
black, solid, combustible substance, dug from beds or veins in
the earth to be used for fuel, and consisting, like charcoal,
mainly of carbon, but more compact, and often affording, when
heated, a large amount of volatile matter.
&fist; This word is often used adjectively, or as the first
part of self-explaining compounds; as, coal-black;
coal formation; coal scuttle; coal ship.
etc.
&fist; In England the plural coals is used, for the
broken mineral coal burned in grates, etc.; as, to put
coals on the fire. In the United States the singular in a
collective sense is the customary usage; as, a hod of
coal.
Age of coal plants. See Age of
Acrogens, under Acrogen. --
Anthracite or Glance
coal. See Anthracite. --
Bituminous coal. See under
Bituminous. -- Blind coal. See
under Blind. -- Brown coal, or
Lignite. See Lignite. --
Caking coal, a bituminous coal, which
softens and becomes pasty or semi-viscid when heated. On
increasing the heat, the volatile products are driven off, and a
coherent, grayish black, cellular mass of coke is left. --
Cannel coal, a very compact bituminous
coal, of fine texture and dull luster. See Cannel
coal. -- Coal bed (Geol.),
a layer or stratum of mineral coal. -- Coal
breaker, a structure including machines and
machinery adapted for crushing, cleansing, and assorting
coal. -- Coal field (Geol.), a
region in which deposits of coal occur. Such regions have often a
basinlike structure, and are hence called coal basins. See
Basin. -- Coal gas, a variety
of carbureted hydrogen, procured from bituminous coal, used in
lighting streets, houses, etc., and for cooking and heating.
-- Coal heaver, a man employed in carrying
coal, and esp. in putting it in, and discharging it from,
ships. -- Coal measures. (Geol.)
(a) Strata of coal with the attendant
rocks. (b) A subdivision of the
carboniferous formation, between the millstone grit below and the
Permian formation above, and including nearly all the workable
coal beds of the world. -- Coal oil, a
general name for mineral oils; petroleum. -- Coal
plant (Geol.), one of the remains or
impressions of plants found in the strata of the coal
formation. -- Coal tar. See in the
Vocabulary. -- To haul over the coals,
to call to account; to scold or censure. [Colloq.] --
Wood coal. See Lignite.
Coal, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Coaled (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Coaling.] 1. To burn to charcoal; to
char. [R.]
Charcoal of roots, coaled into great
pieces.
Bacon.
2. To mark or delineate with
charcoal. Camden.
3. To supply with coal; as, to
coal a steamer.
Coal, v. i. To take in coal;
as, the steamer coaled at Southampton.
Coal"-black` (-blăk`), a.
As black as coal; jet black; very black.
Dryden.
Coal"er*y (?), n. [Obs.] See
Colliery.
Co`a*lesce" (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Coalesced (?); p.
pr. & vb. n. Coalescing.] [L. coalescere,
coalitium; co- + alescere to grow up, incho.
fr. alere to nourish. See Aliment,
n.] 1. To grow together;
to unite by growth into one body; as, the parts separated by a
wound coalesce.
2. To unite in one body or product; to
combine into one body or community; as, vapors
coalesce.
The Jews were incapable of coalescing with
other nations.
Campbell.
Certain combinations of ideas that, once
coalescing, could not be shaken loose.
De Quincey.
Syn. -- See Add.
Co`a*les"cence (?), n. The act
or state of growing together, as similar parts; the act of
uniting by natural affinity or attraction; the state of being
united; union; concretion.
Co`a*les"cent (?), a. [L.
coalescens, p. pr.] Growing together; cohering, as in
the organic cohesion of similar parts; uniting.
Coal"fish` (?), n. [Named from the
dark color of the back.] (Zoöl.) (a)
The pollock; -- called also, coalsey, colemie,
colmey, coal whiting, etc. See
Pollock. (b) The beshow or
candlefish of Alaska. (c) The
cobia.
Coal"goose` (?), n.
(Zoöl.) The cormorant; -- so called from its
black color.
Co"a*lite (?), v. i. [L.
coalitus, p. p. of coalescere. See
Coalesce.] To unite or coalesce. [Obs.]
Let them continue to coalite.
Bolingbroke.
Co"a*lite, v. t. To cause to
unite or coalesce. [Obs.]
Time has by degrees blended . . . and
coalited the conquered with the conquerors.
Burke.
Co`a*li"tion (?), n. [LL.
coalitio: cf. F. coalition. See Coalesce.]
1. The act of coalescing; union into a body
or mass, as of separate bodies or parts; as, a coalition
of atoms. Bentley.
2. A combination, for temporary purposes,
of persons, parties, or states, having different
interests.
A coalition of the puritan and the
blackleg.
J. Randolph.
The coalition between the religious and
worldly enemies of popery.
Macaulay.
Syn. -- Alliance; confederation; confederacy; league;
combination; conjunction; conspiracy; union.
Co`a*li"tion*er (?), n. A
coalitionist.
Co`a*li"tion*ist, n. One who
joins or promotes a coalition; one who advocates
coalition.
Co`-al*ly" (?), n.; pl.
Co-allies (#). A joint ally.
Kent.
Coal"-me`ter (?), n. A
licensed or official coal measurer in London. See
Meter. Simmonds.
Coal"mouse` (?), n.
(Zoöl.) A small species of titmouse, with a
black head; the coletit.
Coal"pit` (?), n.
1. A pit where coal is dug.
2. A place where charcoal is made.
[U. S.]
Coal" tar` (?). A thick, black, tarry liquid,
obtained by the distillation of bituminous coal in the
manufacture of illuminating gas; used for making printer's ink,
black varnish, etc. It is a complex mixture from which many
substances have been obtained, especially hydrocarbons of the
benzene or aromatic series.
&fist; Among its important ingredients are benzene, aniline,
phenol, naphtalene, anthracene, etc., which are respectively
typical of many dye stuffs, as the aniline dyes, the
phthaleïns, indigo, alizarin, and many flavoring extracts
whose artificial production is a matter of great commercial
importance.
Coal"-whip`per (?), n. One who
raises coal out of the hold of a ship. [Eng.]
Dickens.
Coal" works (?). A place where coal is dug,
including the machinery for raising the coal.
Coal"y (?), a. [From Coal,
n.] Pertaining to, or resembling, coal;
containing coal; of the nature of coal.
Coam"ings (?), n. pl. [Cf.
Comb a crest.] (Naut.) Raised pieces of wood
of iron around a hatchway, skylight, or other opening in the
deck, to prevent water from running bellow; esp. the fore-and-aft
pieces of a hatchway frame as distinguished from the transverse
head ledges. [Written also combings.]
Co`an*nex" (?), v. t. To annex
with something else.
Co`ap*ta"tion (?), n. [L.
coaptatio, fr. coaptare to fit together; co-
+ aptare. See Aptate.] The adaptation or
adjustment of parts to each other, as of a broken bone or
dislocated joint.
{ Co*arct" (?), Co*arc"tate (?) },
v. t. [See Coarctate,
a.] 1. To press together;
to crowd; to straiten; to confine closely. [Obs.]
Bacon.
2. To restrain; to confine. [Obs.]
Ayliffe.
Co*arc"tate (?), a. [L.
coarctatus, p. p. of coarctare to press together;
co- + arctare to press together, from
arctus, p. p. See Arctation.] (Zoöl.)
Pressed together; closely connected; -- applied to insects
having the abdomen separated from the thorax only by a
constriction.
Coarctate pupa (Zoöl.), a
pupa closely covered by the old larval skin, as in most
Diptera.
Co`arc*ta"tion (?), n. [L.
coarctatio.] 1. Confinement to a
narrow space. [Obs.] Bacon.
2. Pressure; that which presses.
[Obs.] Ray.
3. (Med.) A stricture or
narrowing, as of a canal, cavity, or orifice.
Coarse (kōrs), a.
[Compar. Coarser (kōrs"&etilde;r);
superl. Coarsest.] [As this word was
anciently written course, or cours, it may be an
abbreviation of of course, in the common manner of
proceeding, common, and hence, homely, made for common domestic
use, plain, rude, rough, gross, e. g., "Though the threads
be course." Gascoigne. See Course.]
1. Large in bulk, or composed of large
parts or particles; of inferior quality or appearance; not fine
in material or close in texture; gross; thick; rough; -- opposed
to fine; as, coarse sand; coarse thread;
coarse cloth; coarse bread.
2. Not refined; rough; rude; unpolished;
gross; indelicate; as, coarse manners; coarse
language.
I feel
Of what coarse metal ye are molded.
Shak.
To copy, in my coarse English, his
beautiful expressions.
Dryden.
Syn. -- Large; thick; rough; gross; blunt; uncouth;
unpolished; inelegant; indelicate; vulgar.
Coarse"-grained` (kōrs"grānd`),
a. Having a coarse grain or texture, as
wood; hence, wanting in refinement.
Coarse"ly, adv. In a coarse
manner; roughly; rudely; inelegantly; uncivilly;
meanly.
Coars"en (kōrs"'n), v. t.
To make coarse or vulgar; as, to coarsen one's
character. [R.] Graham.
Coarse"ness (kōrs"n&ebreve;s),
n. The quality or state of being coarse;
roughness; inelegance; vulgarity; grossness; as,
coarseness of food, texture, manners, or language.
"The coarseness of the sackcloth." Dr. H.
More.
Pardon the coarseness of the
illustration.
L'Estrange.
A coarseness and vulgarity in all the
proceedings.
Burke.
Co`ar*tic`u*la"tion (?), n.
(Anat.) The union or articulation of bones to form a
joint.
Co`-as*sess"or (?), n. A joint
assessor.
Coast (?), n. [OF. coste, F.
côte, rib, hill, shore, coast, L. costa rib,
side. Cf. Accost, v. t., Cutlet.]
1. The side of a thing. [Obs.] Sir
I. Newton.
2. The exterior line, limit, or border of
a country; frontier border. [Obs.]
From the river, the river Euphrates, even to the
uttermost sea, shall your coast be.
Deut. xi. 24.
3. The seashore, or land near
it.
He sees in English ships the Holland
coast.
Dryden.
We the Arabian coast do know
At distance, when the species blow.
Waller.
The coast is clear, the danger is over;
no enemy in sight. Dryden. Fig.: There are no
obstacles. "Seeing that the coast was clear, Zelmane
dismissed Musidorus." Sir P. Sidney. -- Coast
guard. (a) A body of men originally
employed along the coast to prevent smuggling; now, under the
control of the admiralty, drilled as a naval reserve. [Eng.]
(b) The force employed in life-saving
stations along the seacoast. [U. S.] -- Coast
rat (Zoöl.), a South African mammal
(Bathyergus suillus), about the size of a rabbit,
remarkable for its extensive burrows; -- called also sand
mole. -- Coast waiter, a
customhouse officer who superintends the landing or shipping of
goods for the coast trade. [Eng.]
Coast (?), v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Coasted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Coasting.] [OE. costien, costeien,
costen, OF. costier, costoier, F.
côtoyer, fr. Of. coste coast, F.
côte. See Coast, n.]
1. To draw or keep near; to approach.
[Obs.]
Anon she hears them chant it lustily,
And all in haste she coasteth to the cry.
Shak.
2. To sail by or near the
shore.
The ancients coasted only in their
navigation.
Arbuthnot.
3. To sail from port to port in the same
country.
4. [Cf. OF. coste, F.
côte, hill, hillside.] To slide down hill; to
slide on a sled, upon snow or ice. [Local, U. S.]
Coast, v. t. 1.
To draw near to; to approach; to keep near, or by the side
of. [Obs.] Hakluyt.
2. To sail by or near; to follow the
coast line of.
Nearchus, . . . not knowing the compass, was fain
to coast that shore.
Sir T. Browne.
3. To conduct along a coast or river
bank. [Obs.]
The Indians . . . coasted me along the
river.
Hakluyt.
Coast"al (?), a. Of or
pertaining to a coast.
Coast"er (?), n. 1.
A vessel employed in sailing along a coast, or engaged in
the coasting trade.
2. One who sails near the
shore.
Coast"ing (?), a. Sailing
along or near a coast, or running between ports along a
coast.
Coasting trade, trade carried on by
water between neighboring ports of the same country, as
distinguished from foreign trade or trade involving long
voyages. -- Coasting vessel, a vessel
employed in coasting; a coaster.
Coast"ing, n. 1.
A sailing along a coast, or from port to port; a carrying on
a coasting trade.
2. Sliding down hill; sliding on a sled
upon snow or ice. [Local, U. S.]
{ Coast"wise` (-wīz`), Coast"ways`
(?), } adv. By way of, or along, the
coast.
Coat (kōt; 110), n. [OF.
cote, F. cotte, petticoat, cotte d'armes
coat of arms, cotte de mailles coat of mail, LL.
cota, cotta, tunic, prob. of German origin; cf.
OHG. chozzo coarse mantle, G. klotze, D.
kot, hut, E. cot. Cf. Cot a hut.]
1. An outer garment fitting the upper part
of the body; especially, such a garment worn by men.
Let each
His adamantine coat gird well.
Milton.
2. A petticoat. [Obs.] "A child in
coats." Locke.
3. The habit or vesture of an order of
men, indicating the order or office; cloth.
Men of his coat should be minding their
prayers.
Swift.
She was sought by spirits of richest
coat.
Shak.
4. An external covering like a garment,
as fur, skin, wool, husk, or bark; as, the horses coats
were sleek.
Fruit of all kinds, in coat
Rough or smooth rined, or bearded husk, or shell.
Milton.
5. A layer of any substance covering
another; a cover; a tegument; as, the coats of the eye;
the coats of an onion; a coat of tar or
varnish.
6. Same as Coat of arms. See
below.
Hark, countrymen! either renew the fight,
Or tear the lions out of England's coat.
Shak.
7. A coat card. See below.
[Obs.]
Here's a trick of discarded cards of us! We were
ranked with coats as long as old master lived.
Massinger.
Coat armor. See under Armor.
-- Coat of arms (Her.), a
translation of the French cotte d'armes, a garment of
light material worn over the armor in the 15th and 16th
centuries. This was often charged with the heraldic bearings of
the wearer. Hence, an heraldic achievement; the bearings of any
person, taken together. -- Coat card,
a card bearing a coated figure; the king, queen, or knave of
playing cards. "‘I am a coat card indeed.'
‘Then thou must needs be a knave, for thou art neither king
nor queen.'" Rowley. -- Coat link, a
pair of buttons or studs joined by a link, to hold together the
lappels of a double-breasted coat; or a button with a loop for a
single-breasted coat. -- Coat of mail,
a defensive garment of chain mail. See Chain
mail, under Chain. -- Mast coat
(Naut.), a piece of canvas nailed around a mast, where
it passes through the deck, to prevent water from getting
below. -- Sail coat (Naut.), a
canvas cover laced over furled sails, and the like, to keep them
dry and clean.
Coat (?), v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Coated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Coating.] 1. To cover with a coat or
outer garment.
2. To cover with a layer of any
substance; as, to coat a jar with tin foil; to coat
a ceiling.
Coat*ee" (?), n. A coat with
short flaps.
Co*a"ti (k&osl;*ä"t&esl; or
k&osl;*ā"t&ibreve;), n. [From the native
name: cf. F. coati.] (Zoöl.) A mammal of
tropical America of the genus Nasua, allied to the
raccoon, but with a longer body, tail, and nose.
&fist; The red coati (N. socialis), called also
coati mondi, inhabits Mexico and Central America. The
brown coati (N. narica) is found in Surinam and
Brazil.
Coat"ing (?), n. 1.
A coat or covering; a layer of any substance, as a cover or
protection; as, the coating of a retort or vial.
2. Cloth for coats; as, an assortment of
coatings.
Coat"less (?), a. Not wearing
a coat; also, not possessing a coat.
Coax (?; 110), v. t. [imp.
& p. p. Coaxed (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Coaxing.] [Cf. OE. cokes fool, a
person easily imposed upon, W. coeg empty, foolish; F.
coquin knave, rogue.] To persuade by gentle,
insinuating courtesy, flattering, or fondling; to wheedle; to
soothe.
Syn. -- To wheedle; cajole; flatter; persuade;
entice.
Coax, n. A simpleton; a
dupe. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.
Co`ax*a"tion (?), n. [Gr. &?; the
noise of frogs.] The act of croaking. [R] Dr. H.
More.
Coax"er (?), n. One who
coaxes.
Coax"ing*ly, adv. In a coaxing
manner; by coaxing.
Cob (k&obreve;b), n. [Cf. AS.
cop, copp, head, top, D. kop, G.
kopf, kuppe, LL. cuppa cup (cf. E.
brainpan), and also W. cob tuft, spider,
cop, copa, top, summit, cobio to thump. Cf.
Cop top, Cup, n.]
1. The top or head of anything. [Obs.]
W. Gifford.
2. A leader or chief; a conspicuous
person, esp. a rich covetous person. [Obs.]
All cobbing country chuffs, which make their
bellies and their bags their god, are called rich
cobs.
Nash.
3. The axis on which the kernels of maize
or indian corn grow. [U. S.]
4. (Zoöl.) A spider; perhaps
from its shape; it being round like a head.
5. (Zoöl.) A young
herring. B. Jonson.
6. (Zoöl.) A fish; -- also
called miller's thumb.
7. A short-legged and stout horse, esp.
one used for the saddle. [Eng.]
8. (Zoöl.) A sea mew or gull;
esp., the black-backed gull (Larus marinus).
[Written also cobb.]
9. A lump or piece of anything, usually
of a somewhat large size, as of coal, or stone.
10. A cobnut; as, Kentish cobs.
See Cobnut. [Eng.]
11. Clay mixed with straw. [Prov.
Eng.]
The poor cottager contenteth himself with
cob for his walls, and thatch for his covering.
R. Carew.
12. A punishment consisting of blows
inflicted on the buttocks with a strap or a flat piece of
wood. Wright.
13. A Spanish coin formerly current in
Ireland, worth abiut 4s. 6d. [Obs.] Wright.
Cob coal, coal in rounded lumps from the
size of an egg to that of a football; -- called also
cobbles. Grose. -- Cob loaf,
a crusty, uneven loaf, rounded at top. Wright. --
Cob money, a kind of rudely coined gold and
silver money of Spanish South America in the eighteenth century.
The coins were of the weight of the piece of eight, or one of its
aliquot parts.
Cob, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Cobbed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Cobbing.] 1. To strike [Prov.
Eng.] Halliwell.
2. (Mining) To break into small
pieces, as ore, so as to sort out its better portions.
Raymond.
3. (Naut.) To punish by striking
on the buttocks with a strap, a flat piece of wood, or the
like.
Co*bæ"a (k&osl;*bē"&adot;),
n. [Named after D. Cobo, a Spanish
botanist.] A genus of climbing plants, native of Mexico and
South America. C. scandens is a conservatory climber with
large bell-shaped flowers.
Co"balt (kō"b&obreve;lt; 277, 74),
n. [G. kobalt, prob. fr. kobold,
kobel, goblin, MHG. kobolt; perh. akin to G.
koben pigsty, hut, AS. cofa room, cofgodas
household gods, Icel. kofi hut. If so, the ending -
old stands for older -walt, -wald, being the
same as -ald in E. herald and the word would mean
ruler or governor in a house, house spirit,
the metal being so called by miners, because it was poisonous and
troublesome. Cf. Kobold, Cove, Goblin.]
1. (Chem.) A tough, lustrous, reddish
white metal of the iron group, not easily fusible, and somewhat
magnetic. Atomic weight 59.1. Symbol Co.
&fist; It occurs in nature in combination with arsenic,
sulphur, and oxygen, and is obtained from its ores, smaltite,
cobaltite, asbolite, etc. Its oxide colors glass or any flux, as
borax, a fine blue, and is used in the manufacture of smalt. It
is frequently associated with nickel, and both are characteristic
ingredients of meteoric iron.
2. A commercial name of a crude arsenic
used as fly poison.
Cobalt bloom. Same as
Erythrite. -- Cobalt blue, a
dark blue pigment consisting of some salt of cobalt, as the
phosphate, ignited with alumina; -- called also cobalt
ultramarine, and Thenard's blue. --
Cobalt crust, earthy arseniate of
cobalt. -- Cobalt glance. (Min.)
See Cobaltite. -- Cobalt green,
a pigment consisting essentially of the oxides of cobalt and
zinc; -- called also Rinman's green. --
Cobalt yellow (Chem.), a yellow
crystalline powder, regarded as a double nitrite of cobalt and
potassium.
Co*balt"ic (?; 74), a. [Cf. F.
cobaltique.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, derived
from, or containing, cobalt; -- said especially of those
compounds in which cobalt has higher valence; as, cobaltic
oxide.
Luteo-cobaltic compounds (Chem.),
an extensive series of complex yellow compounds of ammonia
and cobaltic salts. -- Roseo-cobaltic
compounds (Chem.), an extensive series of
complex red compounds of cobalt and ammonia. Modifications of
these are the purpureo-cobaltic compounds.
Co`balt*if"er*ous (?), a.
[Cobalt + -ferous.] (Min.) Containing
cobalt.
{ Co"balt*ine (?), Co"balt*ite (?) }
n. (Min.) A mineral of a nearly
silver-white color, composed of arsenic, sulphur, and
cobalt.
Co*balt"ous (?), a. (Chem.)
Pertaining to, derived from, or containing, cobalt; -- said
esp. of cobalt compounds in which the metal has its lower
valence.
Cobaltous chloride, a crystalline
compound, CoCl2, of a pale rose color when hydrous,
blue when dehydrated. Its solution is used for a sympathetic ink,
the writing being nearly colorless when dried in the air, owing
to absorbed moisture, and becoming bright blue when
warmed.
Cob"bing (?), a. Haughty;
purse-proud. See Cob, n., 2.
[Obs.] Withals (1608).
Cob"ble (?), n. A fishing
boat. See Coble.
Cob"ble, n. [From Cob a
lump. See Cob, n., 9, and cf.
Copple, Copplestone.] 1. A
cobblestone. "Their slings held cobbles round."
Fairfax.
2. pl. Cob coal. See under
Cob.
Cob"ble (?), v. t. [imp. &
p. p. Cobbled (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Cobbling (?).] [OF. cobler,
copler, to join or knit together, couple, F.
coupler, L. copulare to couple, join. Cf.
Couple, n. & v. t.]
1. To make or mend coarsely; to patch; to
botch; as, to cobble shoes. Shak. "A
cobbled saddle." Thackeray.
2. To make clumsily.
"Cobbled rhymes." Dryden.
3. To pave with cobblestones.
Cob"bler (?), n. 1.
A mender of shoes. Addison.
2. A clumsy workman.
Shak.
3. A beverage. See Sherry cobbler,
under Sherry.
Cobbler fish (Zoöl.), a
marine fish (Blepharis crinitus) of the Atlantic. The name
alludes to its threadlike fin rays.
Cob"ble*stone` (?), n. A large
pebble; a rounded stone not too large to be handled; a small
boulder; -- used for paving streets and for other
purposes.
Cob"by (?), a. [From Cob,
n.] 1. Headstrong;
obstinate. [Obs.] Brockett.
2. Stout; hearty; lively.
[Obs.]
Co`bel*lig"er*ent (?), a.
Carrying on war in conjunction with another power.
Co`bel*lig"er*ent, n. A nation
or state that carries on war in connection with
another.
Co"bi*a (?), n. (Zoöl.)
An oceanic fish of large size (Elacate canada); the
crabeater; -- called also bonito, cubbyyew,
coalfish, and sergeant fish.
Cob"i`ron (?), n. [From Cob
the top.] An andiron with a knob at the top.
Bacon.
Co`bish"op (?), n. A joint or
coadjutant bishop. Ayliffe.
Co"ble (?), n. [AS. cuopel;
cf. W. ceubal skiff, ferryboat.] A flat-floored
fishing boat with a lug sail, and a drop rudder extending from
two to four feet below the keel. It was originally used on the
stormy coast of Yorkshire, England.
Cob"nut` (?), n. 1.
(Com.) A large roundish variety of the cultivated
hazelnut.
2. A game played by children with
nuts.
Co*boose" (?), n. See
Caboose.
Co"bourg (?), n. [Named from the
town of Coburg in Germany.] A thin worsted fabric for
women's dresses.
Co"bra (?), n. See
Copra.
Co"bra, n. The cobra de
capello.
||Co"bra de ca*pel"lo (?). [Pg., serpent of the
hood.] (Zoöl.) The hooded snake (Naia
tripudians), a highly venomous serpent inhabiting
India.
Cob"stone` (?), n.
Cobblestone. [Prov. Eng.]
Cob"swan` (?), n. A large
swan. B. Jonson.
Cob"wall` (?), n. [Cob clay
mixed with straw + wall.] A wall made of clay mixed
with straw.
Cob"web` (?), n. [Cob a
spider + web.] 1. The network spread
by a spider to catch its prey.
2. A snare of insidious meshes designed
to catch the ignorant and unwary.
I can not but lament thy splendid wit
Entangled in the cobwebs of the schools.
Cowper.
3. That which is thin and unsubstantial,
or flimsy and worthless; rubbish.
The dust and cobwebs of that uncivil
age.
Sir P. Sidney.
4. (Zoöl.) The European
spotted flycatcher.
Cobweb lawn, a fine linen, mentioned in
1640 as being in pieces of fifteen yards. Beck. Draper's
Dict.
Such a proud piece of cobweb lawn.
Beau. & Fl.
--
Cobweb micrometer, a micrometer in
which threads of cobweb are substituted for wires.
Cob"webbed` (?), a. Abounding
in cobwebs. "The cobwebbed cottage."
Young.
Cob"web`by (?), a. Abounding
in cobwebs, or any fine web; resembling a cobweb.
Cob"work` (?), a. Built of
logs, etc., laid horizontally, with the ends dovetailed together
at the corners, as in a log house; in marine work, often
surrounding a central space filled with stones; as, a
cobwork dock or breakwater.
Co"ca (?), n. [Sp., fr. native
name.] The dried leaf of a South American shrub
(Erythroxylon Coca). In med., called
Erythroxylon.
&fist; Coca leaves resemble tea leaves in size, shape, and
odor, and are chewed (with an alkali) by natives of Peru and
Bolivia to impart vigor in prolonged exertion, or to sustain
strength in absence of food.
Mexican coca, an American herb
(Richardsonia scabra), yielding a nutritious fodder. Its
roots are used as a substitute for ipecacuanha.
Coc*agne" (?), n. [F.
cocagne, pays de cocagne; of uncertian origin, cf.
Prov. F. couque cake, Catal. coca, L.
coquere to cook; as if the houses in this country were
covered with cakes. Cf. Cook, Cockney.]
1. An imaginary country of idleness and
luxury.
2. The land of cockneys; cockneydom; -- a
term applied to London and its suburbs. Smart.
Co"ca*ine (?), n. (Chem.)
A powerful alkaloid,
C17H21NO4, obtained from the
leaves of coca. It is a bitter, white, crystalline substance, and
is remarkable for producing local insensibility to
pain.
Coc*cif"er*ous (?), a. [L.
coccum a berry + -ferous. See Coccus.]
Bearing or producing berries; bacciferous; as,
cocciferous trees or plants.
||Coc`ci*nel"la (?), n. [NL., fr.
L. coccineus scarlet-colored. See Cochoneal.]
(Zoöl.) A genus of small beetles of many
species. They and their larvæ feed on aphids or plant lice,
and hence are of great benefit to man. Also called
ladybirds and ladybugs.
||Coc`co*bac*te"ri*um (?), n.;
pl. Coccobacteria (#). [NL., fr. Gr.
&?; a grain + NL. bacterium. So called from its round
shape.] (Biol.) One of the round variety of bacteria,
a vegetable organism, generally less than a thousandth of a
millimeter in diameter.
Coc"co*lite (?), n. [Gr. &?; a
grain, seed + -lite: cf. F. coccalite.]
(Min.) A granular variety of pyroxene, green or white
in color.
Coc"co*lith (?), n. [Gr. &?; a
grain, seed + -lith.] (Biol.) One of a kind of
minute, calcareous bodies, probably vegetable, often abundant in
deep-sea mud.
Coc"co*sphere (?), n. [Gr. &?; a
grain, seed + E. sphere.] (Biol.) A small,
rounded, marine organism, capable of braking up into
coccoliths.
||Coc*cos"te*us (?), n. [NL., from
Gr. &?; grain, seed + &?; bone.] (Paleon.) An extinct
genus of Devonian ganoid fishes, having the broad plates about
the head studded with berrylike tubercles.
||Coc"cu*lus In"di*cus (?), n. [NL.
cocculus (dim. of L. coccum kermes berry) + L.
Indicus of India.] (Bot.) The fruit or berry
of the Anamirta Cocculus, a climbing plant of the East
Indies. It is a poisonous narcotic and stimulant.
||Coc"cus (?), n.; pl.
Cocci (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; grain, seed. See
Cochineal.] 1. (Bot.) One of
the separable carpels of a dry fruit.
2. (Zoöl.) A genus of
hemipterous insects, including scale insects, and the cochineal
insect (Coccus cacti).
3. (Biol.) A form of bacteria,
shaped like a globule.
Coc*cyg"e*al (?), a. (Anat.)
Of or pertaining to the coccyx; as, the coccygeal
vertebræ.
Coccygeal glands (Zoöl.) ,
glands situated at the base of the tail of birds. They secrete
the oil with which the plumage is dressed.
Coc*cyg"e*ous (?), a.
Coccygeal. [R.]
||Coc"cyx (?), n.; pl. L.
Coccyges (#). [L., cuckoo, Gr. &?;, cuckoo,
coccyx. So called from its resemblance to the beak of a cuckoo.]
(Anat.) The end of the vertebral column beyond the
sacrum in man and tailless monkeys. It is composed of several
vertebræ more or less consolidated.
Coch"i*neal (k&obreve;ch"&ibreve;*nēl; 277),
[Sp. cochinilla, dim. from L. coccineus,
coccinus, scarlet, fr. coccum the kermes berry, G.
ko`kkos berry, especially the kermes insect, used to
dye scarlet, as the cochineal was formerly supposed to be the
grain or seed of a plant, and this word was formerly defined to
be the grain of the Quercus coccifera; but cf. also Sp.
cochinilla wood louse, dim. of cochina sow, akin to
F. cochon pig.] A dyestuff consisting of the dried
bodies of females of the Coccus cacti, an insect native in
Mexico, Central America, etc., and found on several species of
cactus, esp. Opuntia cochinellifera.
&fist; These insects are gathered from the plant, killed by
the application of heat, and exposed to the sun to dry. When
dried they resemble small, rough berries or seeds, of a brown or
purple color, and form the cochineal of the shops, which is used
for making carmine, and also as a red dye.
&fist; Cochineal contains as its essential coloring matter
carminic acid, a purple red amorphous substance which
yields carmine red.
Coch"i*neal fig (?), (Bot.) A plant of
Central and Southern America, of the Cactus family, extensively
cultivated for the sake of the cochineal insect, which lives on
it.
Co"chin fowl` (?), (Zoöl.) A large
variety of the domestic fowl, originally from Cochin China
(Anam).
||Coch"le*a (k&obreve;k"l&esl;*&adot;),
n. [L., a snail, or snail shell, Gr.
kochli`as a snail, fr. ko`chlos a shellfish
with a spiral shell.] (Anat.) An appendage of the
labyrinth of the internal ear, which is elongated and coiled into
a spiral in mammals. See Ear.
Coch"le*ar (?), a. (Anat.)
Of or pertaining to the cochlea.
||Coch`le*a"re (?), n. [L.]
1. A spoon. Andrews.
2. (Med) A spoonful.
Dungleson.
Coch`le*ar"i*form (?), a.
[Cochleare + -form.] Spoon-shaped.
Coch"le*a*ry (?), a. [L.
cochlearum penfor snails (meaning formerly given, snail
shell). See Cjchlea.] Same as
Cochleate.
{ Coch"le*ate (?), Coch"le*a`ted (?), }
a. [L. cochleatus spiral or screw-
formed. See Cochlea.] Having the form of a snail
shell; spiral; turbinated.
Cock (?), n. [AS. coc; of
unknown origin, perh. in imitation of the cry of the cock. Cf.
Chicken.] 1. The male of birds,
particularly of gallinaceous or domestic fowls.
2. A vane in the shape of a cock; a
weathercock.
Drenched our steeples, drowned the
cocks!
Shak.
3. A chief man; a leader or master.
[Humorous]
Sir Andrew is the cock of the club, since
he left us.
Addison.
4. The crow of a cock, esp. the first
crow in the morning; cockcrow. [Obs.]
He begins at curfew, and walks till the first
cock.
Shak.
5. A faucet or valve.
&fist; Jonsons says, "The handle probably had a cock on
the top; things that were contrived to turn seem anciently to
have had that form, whatever was the reason." Skinner says,
because it used to be constructed in forma critæ
galli, i.e., in the form of a cock's comb.
6. The style of gnomon of a dial.
Chambers.
7. The indicator of a balance.
Johnson.
8. The bridge piece which affords a
bearing for the pivot of a balance in a clock or watch.
Knight.
Ball cock. See under Ball. -
- Chaparral cock. See under
Chaparral. -- Cock and bull story,
an extravagant, boastful story; a
canard. -- Cock of the plains
(Zoöl.) See Sage cock. --
Cock of the rock (Zoöl.), a
South American bird (Rupicola aurantia) having a beautiful
crest. -- Cock of the walk, a chief or
master; the hero of the hour; one who has overcrowed, or got the
better of, rivals or competitors. -- Cock of the
woods. See Capercailzie.
Cock (k&obreve;k), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Cocked (k&obreve;kt);
p. pr. & vb. n. Cocking.] [Cf. Gael.
coc to cock.] 1. To set erect; to
turn up.
Our Lightfoot barks, and cocks his
ears.
Gay.
Dick would cock his nose in scorn.
Swift.
2. To shape, as a hat, by turning up the
brim.
3. To set on one side in a pert or jaunty
manner.
They cocked their hats in each other's
faces.
Macaulay.
4. To turn (the eye) obliquely and
partially close its lid, as an expression of derision or
insinuation.
Cocked hat. (a) A hat
with large, stiff flaps turned up to a peaked crown, thus making
its form triangular; -- called also three-cornered
hat. (b) A game similar to ninepins,
except that only three pins are used, which are set up at the
angles of a triangle.
Cock, v. i. To strut; to
swagger; to look big, pert, or menacing.
Addison.
Cock, n. The act of cocking;
also, the turn so given; as, a cock of the eyes; to give a
hat a saucy cock.
Cock, n. [It. cocca notch of
an arrow.] 1. The notch of an arrow or
crossbow.
2. The hammer in the lock of a
firearm.
At cock, At full cock,
with the hammer raised and ready to fire; -- said of
firearms, also, jocularly, of one prepared for instant
action. -- At half cock. See under
Half. -- Cock feather
(Archery), the feather of an arrow at right angles to
the direction of the cock or notch. Nares.
Cock, v. t. To draw the hammer
of (a firearm) fully back and set it for firing.
Cock, v. i. To draw back the
hammer of a firearm, and set it for firing.
Cocked, fired, and missed his man.
Byron.
Cock, n. [Cf. Icel.
kökkr lump, Dan. kok heap, or E. cock
to set erect.] A small concial pile of hay.
Cock, v. t. To put into cocks
or heaps, as hay.
Under the cocked hay.
Spenser.
Cock, n. [Of. coque, F.
coche, a small vessel, L. concha muscle shell, a
vessel. See Coach, and cf. Cog a small boat.]
A small boat.
Yond tall anchoring bark [appears]
Diminished to her cock; her cock, a buoy
Almost too small for sight.
Shak.
Cock, n. A corruption or
disguise of the word God, used in oaths. [Obs.] "By
cock and pie." Shak.
Cock*ade" (k&obreve;k*ād"),
n. [F. cocarble, fr. coquard
vain, OF. coquart, fr. coq cock, prob. of imitative
origin. The ornament is so named from its resemblance to the
crest of a cock. Cf. Coquette.] A badge, usually in
the form of a rosette, or knot, and generally worn upon the hat;
-- used as an indication of military or naval service, or party
allegiance, and in England as a part of the livery to indicate
that the wearer is the servant of a military or naval
officer.
Seduced by military liveries and
cockades.
Burke.
Cock*ad"ed (-ā"d&ebreve;d),
a. Wearing a cockade.
Young.
Cock`-a-hoop" (?), a.
Boastful; defiant; exulting. Also used
adverbially.
Cock"al (k&obreve;k"al), n.
[Etymol. uncertain.] 1. A game played with
sheep's bones instead of dice [Obs.]
2. The bone used in playing the game; --
called also huckle bone. [Obs.] Nares.
A little transverse bone
Which boys and bruckeled children call
(Playing for points and pins) cockal.
Herrick.
Cock`a*leek"ie
(k&obreve;k`&adot;*lē"k&ibreve;), n.
[From cock + leek.] A favorite soup in
Scotland, made from a capon highly seasoned, and boiled with
leeks and prunes.
Cock`a*ma*roo" (?), n. The
Russian variety of bagatelle.
Cock"a*teel (k&obreve;k`&adot;*tēl"),
n. (Zoöl.) An Australian
parrot (Calopsitta Novæ-Hollandiæ); -- so
called from its note.
Cock`a*too" (k&obreve;k`&adot;*t&oomac;"),
n. [Malayan kakatūa.]
(Zoöl.) A bird of the Parrot family, of the
subfamily Cacatuinæ, having a short, strong, and
much curved beak, and the head ornamented with a crest, which can
be raised or depressed at will. There are several genera and many
species; as the broad-crested (Plictolophus, or Cacatua,
cristatus), the sulphur-crested (P. galeritus), etc.
The palm or great black cockatoo of Australia is Microglossus
aterrimus.
Cock"a*trice (-trīs; 277), n.
[OF. cocatrice crocodile, F. cocatrix,
cocatrice. The word is a corruption from the same source
as E. crocodile, but was confused with cock the
bird, F. coq, whence arose the fable that the animal was
produced from a cock's egg. See Crocodile.]
1. A fabulous serpent whose breath and
look were said to be fatal. See Basilisk.
That bare vowel, I, shall poison more
Than the death-darting eye of cockatrice.
Shak.
2. (Her.) A representation of this
serpent. It has the head, wings, and legs of a bird, and tail of
a serpent.
3. (Script.) A venomous serpent
which which cannot now be identified.
The weaned child shall put his hand on the
cockatrice's [Rev. Ver. basilisk's] den.
Is. xi. 8.
4. Any venomous or deadly
thing.
This little cockatrice of a king.
Bacon.
Cock"bill (k&obreve;k"b&ibreve;l`), v.
t. [See Cock to set erect.] (Naut.)
To tilt up one end of so as to make almost vertical; as, to
cockbill the yards as a sign of mourning.
To cockbill the anchor, to suspend it
from the cathead preparatory to letting it go. See
Acockbill.
Cock"boat` (?), n. [See Cock
a boat.] A small boat, esp. one used on rivers or near the
shore.
Cock"-brained` (?), a. Giddy;
rash. Milton.
Cock"chaf`er (?), n. [See
Chafer the beetle.] (Zoöl.) A beetle of
the genus Melolontha (esp. M. vulgaris) and allied
genera; -- called also May bug, chafer, or
dorbeetle.
{ Cock"crow (?), Cock"crow`ing, }
n. The time at which cocks first crow; the
early morning.
Cock"er (?), v. t. [imp. &
p. p. Cockered (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Cockering.] [OE. cokeren; cf. W.
cocru to indulge, fondle, E. cock the bird, F.
coqueliner to dandle (Cotgrave), to imitate the crow of a
cock, to run after the girls, and E. cockle, v.] To
treat with too great tenderness; to fondle; to indulge; to
pamper.
Cocker thy child and he shall make thee
afraid.
Ecclesiasticus xxx. 9.
Poor folks cannot afford to cocker
themselves up.
J. Ingelow.
Cock"er, n. [From Cock the
bird.] 1. One given to cockfighting.
[Obs.] Steele.
2. (Zoöl.) A small dog of the
spaniel kind, used for starting up woodcocks, etc.
Cock"er, n. [OE. coker
qyiver, boot, AS. cocer quiver; akin to G.
köcher quiver, and perh. originally meaning
receptacle, holder. Cf. Quiver (for
arrows).] A rustic high shoe or half-boots. [Obs.]
Drayton.
Cock"er*el (?), n. [Prob. a double
dim. of cock.] A young cock.
Cock"et (?), a. [F. coquet
coquettish. See Coquette, n.] Pert;
saucy. [Obs.] Halliwell.
Cock"et, n. 1.
(Eng. Law) A customhouse seal; a certified document
given to a shipper as a warrant that his goods have been duly
entered and have paid duty.
2. An office in a customhouse where goods
intended for export are entered. [Eng.]
3. A measure for bread. [Obs.]
Blount.
Cock"eye` (?), n. [From cock
to turn up.] A squinting eye. Forby.
Cock"eye`, n. (Mach.)
The socket in the ball of a millstone, which sits on the
cockhead.
Cock"fight` (?), n. A match or
contest of gamecocks.
Cock"fight`ing, n. The act or
practice of pitting gamecocks to fight.
Cock"fight`ing, a. Addicted to
cockfighting.
Cock"head` (?), n. (Mach.)
The rounded or pointed top of a grinding mill spindle,
forming a pivot on which the stone is balanced.
Cock"horse` (?), n.
1. A child's rocking-horse.
Ride a cockhorse to Banbury cross.
Mother Goose.
2. A high or tall horse. [R.]
Cock"horse`, a. 1.
Lifted up, as one is on a tall horse.
2. Lofty in feeling; exultant; proud;
upstart.
Our painted fools and cockhorse
peasantry.
Marlowe.
Cock`ie*leek"ie (?), n. Same
as Cockaleekie.
Cock"ing, n.
Cockfighting. Ben Jonson.
Coc"kle (k&obreve;k"k'l), n. [OE.
cockes cockles, AS. s&aemacr;coccas sea cockles,
prob, from Celtic; cf. W. cocs cockles, Gael.
cochull husk. Perh. influenced by F. coquille
shell, a dim. from the root of E. conch. Cf.
Coach.] 1. (Zoöl.) A
bivalve mollusk, with radiating ribs, of the genus
Cardium, especially C. edule, used in Europe for
food; -- sometimes applied to similar shells of other
genera.
2. A cockleshell.
3. The mineral black tourmaline or
schorl; -- so called by the Cornish miners.
Raymond.
4. The fire chamber of a furnace.
[Eng.] Knight.
5. A hop-drying kiln; an oast.
Knight.
6. The dome of a heating furnace.
Knight.
Cockle hat, a hat ornamented with a
cockleshell, the badge of a pilgrim. Shak. --
Cockle stairs, winding or spiral
stairs.
Coc"kle, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Cockled (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Cockling (?).] [Of uncertian origin.] To
cause to contract into wrinkles or ridges, as some kinds of cloth
after a wetting.
Cockling sea, waves dashing against each
other with a short and quick motion. Ham. Nav.
Encyc.
Coc"kle, n. [AS. coccel,
cocel; cf. Gael. cogall tares, husks, cockle.]
(Bot.) (a) A plant or weed that grows
among grain; the corn rose (Luchnis Githage).
(b) The Lotium, or darnel.
Coc"kle*bur` (?), n. (Bot.)
A coarse, composite weed, having a rough or prickly fruit;
one of several species of the genus Xanthium; -- called
also clotbur.
Coc"kled (?), a. Inclosed in a
shell.
The tender horns of cockled snails.
Shak.
Coc"kled, a. Wrinkled;
puckered.
Showers soon drench the camlet's cockled
grain.
Gay.
Coc"kler (?), n. One who takes
and sells cockles.
Coc"kle*shell` (?), n.
1. One of the shells or valves of a
cockle.
2. A light boat.
To board the cockleshell in those plunding
waters.
W. Black.
Cock"loft` (?; 115) n. [Prop., a
loft where cocks roost.] An upper loft; a garret; the
highest room in a building. Dryden. Swift.
Cock"mas`ter (?), n. One who
breeds gamecocks. L'Estrange.
Cock"match` (?), n. A
cockfight.
Cock"ney (k&obreve;k"n&ybreve;),
n.; pl. Cockneys (-
n&ibreve;z). [OE. cocknay, cokenay, a spoiled
child, effeminate person, an egg; prob. orig. a cock's egg, a
small imperfect egg; OE. cok cock + nay,
neye, for ey egg (cf. Newt), AS.
æg. See 1st Cock, Egg,
n.] 1. An effeminate
person; a spoilt child. "A young heir or cockney,
that is his mother's darling." Nash (1592).
This great lubber, the world, will prove a
cockney.
Shak.
2. A native or resident of the city of
London; -- used contemptuously.
A cockney in a rural village was stared at
as much as if he had entered a kraal of Hottentots.
Macaulay.
Cock"ney, a. Of or relating
to, or like, cockneys.
Cock"ney*dom (k&obreve;k"n&ibreve;*dŭm),
n. The region or home of cockneys;
cockneys, collectively. Thackeray.
Cock"ney*fy (-fī), v. t.
[Cockney + -fy.] To form with the manners or
character of a cockney. [Colloq.]
Cock"ney*ish, a.
Characteristic of, or resembling, cockneys.
Cock"ney*ism (k&obreve;k"n&ibreve;*&ibreve;z'm),
n. The characteristics, manners, or
dialect, of a cockney.
Cock"-pad`dle (?), n. [Etymol.
uncertain.] (Zoöl.) See Lumpfish.
[Scot.]
Cock"pit` (k&obreve;k"p&ibreve;t),
n. 1. A pit, or inclosed
area, for cockfights.
Henry the Eighth had built . . . a
cockpit.
Macaulay.
2. The Privy Council room at Westminster;
-- so called because built on the site of the cockpit of
Whitehall palace. Brande & C.
3. (Naut.) (a)
That part of a war vessel appropriated to the wounded during
an engagement. (b) In yachts and other
small vessels, a space lower than the rest of the deck, which
affords easy access to the cabin.
Cock"roach (?), n. [Sp.
cucaracha.] (Zoöl.) An orthopterous
insect of the genus Blatta, and allied genera.
&fist; The species are numerous, especially in hot countries.
Those most commonly infesting houses in Europe and North America
are Blatta orientalis, a large species often called
black beetle, and the Croton bug (Ectobia
Germanica).
Cocks"comb` (k&obreve;ks"kōm`),
n. [1st cock, n. + comb crest.]
1. See Coxcomb.
2. (Bot.) A plant (Celosia
cristata), of many varieties, cultivated for its broad,
fantastic spikes of brilliant flowers; -- sometimes called
garden cockscomb. Also the Pedicularis, or
lousewort, the Rhinanthus Crista-galli, and the
Onobrychis Crista-galli.
Cocks"head` (?), n. (Bot.)
A leguminous herb (Onobrychis Caput-galli), having
small spiny-crested pods.
Cock"shut` (?), n. A kind of
net to catch woodcock. [Obs.] Nares.
Cockshut time or light,
evening twilight; nightfall; -- so called in allusion to the
tome at which the cockshut used to be spread. [Obs.]
Shak. B. Jonson.
Cock"shy` (?), n.
1. A game in which trinkets are set upon
sticks, to be thrown at by the players; -- so called from an
ancient popular sport which consisted in "shying" or throwing
cudgels at live cocks.
2. An object at which stones are
flung.
"Making a cockshy of him," replied the
hideous small boy.
Dickens.
Cock"spur (?), n. (Bot.)
A variety of Cratægus, or hawthorn (C. Crus-
galli), having long, straight thorns; -- called also
Cockspur thorn.
Cock"sure` (?), a.
1. Perfectly safe. [Obs.]
We steal as in a castle, cocksure: . . . we walk
invisible.
Shak.
2. Quite certain. [Colloq.]
I thought myself cocksure of the horse
which he readily promised me.
Pope.
Cock"swain (?, colloq. ?), n.
[Cock a boat + swain; hence, the master of a boat.]
The steersman of a boat; a petty officer who has charge of a
boat and its crew.
Cock"tail` (?), n.
1. A beverage made of brandy, whisky, or
gin, iced, flavored, and sweetened. [U. S.]
2. (Stock Breeding) A horse, not
of pure breed, but having only one eighth or one sixteenth impure
blood in his veins. Darwin.
3. A mean, half-hearted fellow; a
coward. [Slang, Eng.]
It was in the second affair that poor little
Barney showed he was a cocktail.
Thackeray.
4. (Zoöl.) A species of rove
beetle; -- so called from its habit of elevating the
tail.
Cock"up (?), n. (Zoöl.)
A large, highly esteemed, edible fish of India (Lates
calcarifer); -- also called begti.
Cock"weed (?), n. (Bot.)
Peppergrass. Johnson.
Cock"y (?), a. [See Cocket.]
Pert. [Slang]
{ Co"co (kō"k&osl;), n. or
Co"co palm (kō"k&osl; päm`).} See
Cocoa.
{ Co"coa (kō"k&osl;), n.,
Co"coa palm` (päm`) } [Sp. & Pg. coco
cocoanut, in Sp. also, cocoa palm. The Portuguese name is said
to have been given from the monkeylike face at the base of the
nut, fr. Pg. coco a bugbear, an ugly mask to frighten
children. Cf., however, Gr. koy^ki the cocoa palm and
its fruit, ko`i:x, ko`i:kos, a kind of
Egyptian palm.] (Bot.) A palm tree producing the
cocoanut (Cocos nucifera). It grows in nearly all tropical
countries, attaining a height of sixty or eighty feet. The trunk
is without branches, and has a tuft of leaves at the top, each
being fifteen or twenty feet in length, and at the base of these
the nuts hang in clusters; the cocoanut tree.
Co"coa, n. [Corrupted fr.
cacao.] A preparation made from the seeds of the
chocolate tree, and used in making, a beverage; also the beverage
made from cocoa or cocoa shells.
Cocoa shells, the husks which separate
from the cacao seeds in preparing them for use.
Co"coa*nut` (-nŭt`), n.
The large, hard-shelled nut of the cocoa palm. It yields an
agreeable milky liquid and a white meat or albumen much used as
food and in making oil.
{ ||Co`co*bo"lo (?), Co`co*bo"las (?) },
n. [Sp. cocobolo.] (Bot.) A
very beautiful and hard wood, obtained in the West India Islands.
It is used in cabinetmaking, for the handles of tools, and for
various fancy articles.
Co*coon" (?), n. [F. cocon,
dim. of coque shell of egge and insects, fr. L.
concha mussel shell. See Conch.] 1.
An oblong case in which the silkworm lies in its chrysalis
state. It is formed of threads of silk spun by the worm just
before leaving the larval state. From these the silk of commerce
is prepared.
2. (Zoöl.) (a)
The case constructed by any insect to contain its larva or
pupa. (b) The case of silk made by
spiders to protect their eggs. (c) The
egg cases of mucus, etc., made by leeches and other
worms.
Co*coon"er*y (?), n. A
building or apartment for silkworms, when feeding and forming
cocoons.
Coc"ti*ble (?), a. [See
Coctile.] Capable of being cooked.
Blount.
Coc"tile (?), a. [L.
coctilis, fr. coguere. See Cook.]
Made by baking, or exposing to heat, as a brick.
Coc"tion (?), n. [L.
coctio.] 1. Act of boiling.
2. (Med.) (a)
Digestion. [Obs.] (b) The change
which the humorists believed morbific matter undergoes before
elimination. [Obs.] Dunglison.
Co"cus wood` (?). A West Indian wood, used for
making flutes and other musical instruments.
Cod (k&obreve;d), n. [AS.
codd small bag; akin to Icel. koddi pillow, Sw.
kudde cushion; cf. W. cod, cwd, bag,
shell.]
1. A husk; a pod; as, a
peascod. [Eng.] Mortimer.
2. A small bag or pouch. [Obs.]
Halliwell.
3. The scrotum.
Dunglison.
4. A pillow or cushion. [Prov.
Eng.] Halliwell.
Cod, n. [Cf. G. gadde, and
(in Heligoland) gadden, L. gadus merlangus.]
(Zoöl.) An important edible fish (Gadus
morrhua), taken in immense numbers on the northern coasts of
Europe and America. It is especially abundant and large on the
Grand Bank of Newfoundland. It is salted and dried in large
quantities.
&fist; There are several varieties; as shore cod, from
shallow water; bank cod, from the distant banks; and
rock cod, which is found among ledges, and is often dark
brown or mottled with red. The tomcod is a distinct
species of small size. The bastard, blue,
buffalo, or cultus cod of the Pacific coast belongs
to a distinct family. See Buffalo cod, under
Buffalo.
Cod fishery, the business of fishing for
cod. -- Cod line, an eighteen-thread
line used in catching codfish. McElrath.
||Co"da (kō"d&adot;), n.
[It., tail, fr. L. cauda.] (Mus.) A few
measures added beyond the natural termination of a
composition.
Cod"der (?), n. A gatherer of
cods or peas. [Obs. or Prov.] Johnson.
Cod"ding (?), a.
Lustful. [Obs.] Shak.
Cod"dle (k&obreve;d"d'l), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Coddled (-d'ld);
p. pr. & vb. n. Coddling (-
dl&ibreve;ng).] [Cf. Prov. E. caddle to coax,
spoil, fondle, and Cade, a. & v.
t.] [Written also codle.] 1.
To parboil, or soften by boiling.
It [the guava fruit] may be coddled.
Dampier.
2. To treat with excessive tenderness; to
pamper.
How many of our English princes have been
coddled at home by their fond papas and mammas!
Thackeray.
He [Lord Byron] never coddled his
reputation.
Southey.
Cod"dy*mod"dy
(k&obreve;d"d&ybreve;*m&obreve;d"d&ybreve;), n.
(Zoöl.) A gull in the plumage of its first
year.
Code (kōd), n. [F., fr. L.
codex, caudex, the stock or stem of a tree, a board
or tablet of wood smeared over with wax, on which the ancients
originally wrote; hence, a book, a writing.] 1.
A body of law, sanctioned by legislation, in which the rules
of law to be specifically applied by the courts are set forth in
systematic form; a compilation of laws by public authority; a
digest.
&fist; The collection of laws made by the order of Justinian
is sometimes called, by way of eminence. "The Code"
Wharton.
2. Any system of rules or regulations
relating to one subject; as, the medical code, a system of
rules for the regulation of the professional conduct of
physicians; the naval code, a system of rules for making
communications at sea means of signals.
Code civil or Code
Napoleon, a code enacted in France in 1803 and
1804, embodying the law of rights of persons and of property
generally. Abbot.
Co`de*fend"ant (?), n. A joint
defendant. Blackstone.
Co*de"ine (?), n. [Gr. &?; poppy
head: cf. F. cod&?;ine.] (Chem.) One of the
opium alkaloids; a white crystalline substance,
C18H21NO3, similar to and
regarded as a derivative of morphine, but much feebler in its
action; -- called also codeia.
||Co*det"ta (?), n. [It., dim. of
coda tail.] (Mus.) A short passage connecting
two sections, but not forming part of either; a short
coda.
||Co"dex (?), n.; pl.
Codices (#). [L. See Code.]
1. A book; a manuscript.
2. A collection or digest of laws; a
code. Burrill.
3. An ancient manuscript of the Sacred
Scriptures, or any part of them, particularly the New
Testament.
4. A collection of canons.
Shipley.
Cod"fish (?), n.
(Zoöl.) A kind of fish. Same as
Cod.
Codg"er (?), n. [Cf.
Cadger.] 1. A miser or mean
person.
2. A singular or odd person; -- a
familiar, humorous, or depreciatory appellation.
[Colloq.]
A few of us old codgers met at the
fireside.
Emerson.
Cod"i*cal (?), a. Relating to
a codex, or a code.
Cod"i*cil (?), n. [L.
codicillus, dim. of codex: cf. F. codicille.
See Code.] (Law) A clause added to a
will.
Cod`i*cil"la*ry (?), a. [L.
codicillaris, codicillarius.] Of the nature of
a codicil.
Co`di*fi*ca"tion (? or ?), n. [Cf.
F. codification.] The act or process of codifying or
reducing laws to a code.
Co"di*fi`er (? or ?), n. One
who codifies.
Co"di*fy (? or ?; 277), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Codified (?); p.
pr. & vb. n. Codifying.] [Code + -
fy: cf. F. codifier.] To reduce to a code, as
laws.
Co*dil"la (?), n. [Cf. L.
codicula a little tail, dim. of cauda tail.]
(Com.) The coarse tow of flax and hemp.
McElrath.
Co*dille" (?), n. [F.
codile.] A term at omber, signifying that the game is
won. Pope.
Co"dist (?), n. A codifier; a
maker of codes. [R.]
Co"dle (?), v. t. See
Coddle.
{ Cod"lin (?), Cod"ling (?) },
n. [Cf. AS. codæppel a quince.]
(a) An apple fit to stew or coddle.
(b) An immature apple.
A codling when 't is almost an apple.
Shak.
Codling moth (Zoöl.), a
small moth (Carpocapsa Pomonella), which in the larval
state (known as the apple worm) lives in apples, often
doing great damage to the crop.
Cod"ling, n. [Dim. of cod
the fish.] (Zoöl.) A young cod; also, a
hake.
Cod" liv`er (?), n. The liver
of the common cod and allied species.
Cod-liver oil, an oil obtained from the
liver of the codfish, and used extensively in medicine as a means
of supplying the body with fat in cases of malnutrition.
Cod"piece` (?), n. [Cod, n.,
&?; + piece.] A part of male dress in front of the
breeches, formerly made very conspicuous. Shak.
Fosbroke.
Cœ*cil"i*an (?), n.
(Zoöl.) See Cæcilian.
Co*ed`u*ca"tion (?; 135), n.
An educating together, as of persons of different sexes or
races.
Co*ed`u*ca"tion*al (&?;), a.
Co*ef"fi*ca*cy (?), n. Joint
efficacy.
Co`ef*fi"cien*cy (?), n. Joint
efficiency; coöperation. Glanvill.
Co`ef*fi"cient (?), a.
Coöperating; acting together to produce an
effect.
Co`ef*fi"cient*ly, adv.
Co`ef*fi"cient, n.
1. That which unites in action with
something else to produce the same effect.
2. [Cf. F. coefficient.] (Math.)
A number or letter put before a letter or quantity, known or
unknown, to show how many times the latter is to be taken; as,
6x; bx; here 6 and b are coefficients
of x.
3. (Physics) A number, commonly
used in computation as a factor, expressing the amount of some
change or effect under certain fixed conditions as to
temperature, length, volume, etc.; as, the coefficient of
expansion; the coefficient of friction.
Arbitrary coefficient (Math.), a
literal coefficient placed arbitrarily in an algebraic
expression, the value of the coefficient being afterwards
determined by the conditions of the problem.
Coe"horn (?), n. [From its
inventor, Baron Coehorn.] (Mil.) A small
bronze mortar mounted on a wooden block with handles, and light
enough to be carried short distances by two men.
Cœl"a*canth (? or &?;), a.
[Gr. koi^los hollow + &?; spine.] (Zoöl.)
Having hollow spines, as some ganoid fishes.
{ ||Cœ*len"te*ra (?) or
||Cœ*len`te*ra"ta, } n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. koi^los hollow + &?; intestines.]
(Zoöl.) A comprehensive group of Invertebrata,
mostly marine, comprising the Anthozoa, Hydrozoa,
and Ctenophora. The name implies that the stomach and body
cavities are one. The group is sometimes enlarged so as to
include the sponges.
Cœ*len"ter*ate (?), a.
(Zoöl.) Belonging to the Cœlentera.
-- n. One of the
Cœlentera.
||Cœ"li*a (?), n. [NL., fr.
Gr. &?; a cavity of the body, a ventricle.] (Anat.) A
cavity.
&fist; The word is applied to the ventricles of the brain, the
different ventricles being indicated by prefixes like those
characterizing the parts of the brain in which the cavities are
found; as, epicœlia, mesocœlia,
metacœlia, procœlia, etc. B. G.
Wilder.
{ Cœ"li*ac, Ce"li*ac (?), }
a. [L. coeliacus, Gr. &?;, fr. &?;
belly, fr. koi^los hollow.] Relating to the
abdomen, or to the cavity of the abdomen.
Cœliac artery (Anat.), the
artery which issues from the aorta just below the diaphragm; --
called also cœliac axis. --
Cœliac flux, Cœliac
passion (Med.), a chronic flux or diarrhea
of undigested food.
Cœ"lo*dont (?), a. [Gr.
koi^los hollow + &?;, &?;, tooth.] (Zoöl.)
Having hollow teeth; -- said of a group lizards. --
n. One of a group of lizards having hollow
teeth.
Cœl`o*sper"mous (? or &?;),
a. [Gr. koi^los hollow + &?; seed.]
(Bot.) Hollow-seeded; having the ventral face of the
seedlike carpels incurved at the ends, as in coriander
seed.
||Cœ"lum (?), n. [NL., fr.
Gr. &?; a hollow, neut. of koi^los hollow.]
(Anat.) See Body cavity, under
Body.
Co*emp"tion (?; 215), n. [L.
coëmptio, fr. coëmere to buy up. See
Emption.] The act of buying the whole quantity of any
commodity. [R.] Bacon.
||Co*en"doo (?), n. [Native name.]
(Zoöl.) The Brazilian porcupine (Cercolades,
or Sphingurus, prehensiles), remarkable for its prehensile
tail.
{ Cœ*nen"chym (?),
||Cœ*nen"chy*ma (?) } n. [NL.
coenenchyma, fr. Gr. koino`s common + &?;
something poured in. Formed like parenchyma.]
(Zoöl.) The common tissue which unites the
polyps or zooids of a compound anthozoan or coral. It may be soft
or more or less ossified. See Coral.
||Cœn`es*the"sis (? or ?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. koino`s common + &?; sensation.]
(Physiol.) Common sensation or general sensibility,
as distinguished from the special sensations which are located
in, or ascribed to, separate organs, as the eye and ear. It is
supposed to depend on the ganglionic system.
Cœn"o*bite (? or ?), n.
See Cenobite.
||Cœ*nœ"ci*um (? or ?),
n. [NL., fr. Gr. koino`s common +
&?; house.] (Zoöl.) The common tissue which
unites the various zooids of a bryozoan.
Cœ*nog"a*my (?), n. [Gr. &?;;
koino`s common + &?; marraige.] The state of a
community which permits promiscuous sexual intercourse among its
members; -- as in certain primitive tribes or communistic
societies. [Written also cenogamy.]
Cœn"o*sarc (? or ?), n. [Gr.
koino`s common + &?;, &?;, flesh.] (Zoöl.)
The common soft tissue which unites the polyps of a compound
hydroid. See Hydroidea.
||Cœ*nu"rus (?), n. [NL. fr.
Gr. koino`s common + &?; tail.] (Zoöl.)
The larval stage of a tapeworm (Tænia
cœnurus) which forms bladderlike sacs in the brain of
sheep, causing the fatal disease known as water brain,
vertigo, staggers or gid.
&fist; This bladder worm has on its surface numerous small
heads, each of which, when swallowed by a dog, becomes a mature
tapeworm in the dog's intestine.
Co*e"qual (?), a. [L.
coaequalis; co- + aequalis equal.]
Being on an equality in rank or power. --
n. One who is on an equality with
another.
In once he come to be a cardinal,
He'll make his cap coequal with the crown.
Shak.
Co`e*qual"i*ty (?), n. The
state of being on an equality, as in rank or power.
Co*e"qual*ly (?), adv. With
coequality.
Co*erce" (?), v. t. [imp. &
p. p. Coerced (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Coercing.] [L. coërcere; co-
+ arcere to shut up, to press together. See
Ark.] 1. To restrain by force,
especially by law or authority; to repress; to curb.
Burke.
Punishments are manifold, that they may
coerce this profligate sort.
Ayliffe.
2. To compel or constrain to any action;
as, to coerce a man to vote for a certain
candidate.
3. To compel or enforce; as, to
coerce obedience.
Syn. -- To Coerce, Compel. To
compel denotes to urge on by force which cannot be
resisted. The term aplies equally to physical and moral force;
as, compelled by hunger; compelled adverse
circumstances; compelled by parental affection.
Coerce had at first only the negative sense of checking or
restraining by force; as, to coerce a bad man by
punishments or a prisoner with fetters. It has now gained a
positive sense., viz., that of driving a person into the
performance of some act which is required of him by another; as,
to coerce a man to sign a contract; to coerce
obedience. In this sense (which is now the prevailing one),
coerce differs but little from compel, and yet
there is a distinction between them. Coercion is usually
acomplished by indirect means, as threats and intimidation,
physical force being more rarely employed in coercing.
Co"er"ci*ble (?), a. Capable
of being coerced.
-- Co*er"ci*ble*ness, n.
Co*er"cion (?), n. [L.
coercio, fr. coercere. See Coerce.]
1. The act or process of coercing.
2. (Law) The application to
another of either physical or moral force. When the force is
physical, and cannot be resisted, then the act produced by it is
a nullity, so far as concerns the party coerced. When the force
is moral, then the act, though voidable, is imputable to the
party doing it, unless he be so paralyzed by terror as to act
convulsively. At the same time coercion is not negatived by the
fact of submission under force. "Coactus volui" (I consented
under compulsion) is the condition of mind which, when there is
volition forced by coercion, annuls the result of such
coercion. Wharton.
Co*er"ci*tive (?), a.
Coercive. "Coercitive power in laws." Jer.
Taylor.
Co*er"cive (?), a. Serving or
intended to coerce; having power to constrain.
-- Co*er"cive*ly, adv. --
Co*er"cive*ness, n.
Coercive power can only influence us to
outward practice.
Bp. Warburton.
Coercive or Coercitive
force (Magnetism), the power or force which
in iron or steel produces a slowness or difficulty in imparting
magnetism to it, and also interposes an obstacle to the return of
a bar to its natural state when active magnetism has ceased. It
plainly depends on the molecular constitution of the metal.
Nichol.
The power of resisting magnetization or
demagnization is sometimes called coercive force.
S. Thompson.
Cœ`ru*lig"none (?), n. [L.
coeruleus cerulean + lignum wood + E. quinone.]
(Chem.) A bluish violet, crystalline substance
obtained in the purification of crude wood vinegar. It is
regarded as a complex quinone derivative of diphenyl; -- called
also cedriret.
Co`es*sen"tial (?), a.
Partaking of the same essence. --
Co`es*sen"tial*ly, adv.
We bless and magnify that coessential
Spirit, eternally proceeding from both [The Father and the
Son].
Hooker.
Co`es*sen`ti*al"i*ty (? or ?; 106),
n. Participation of the same
essence. Johnson.
Co`es*tab"lish*ment (?), n.
Joint establishment. Bp. Watson.
Co`es*tate" (?), n. Joint
estate. Smolett.
Co`e*ta"ne*an (?), n. A person
coetaneous with another; a contemporary. [R.]
A . . . coetanean of the late earl of
Southampton.
Aubrey.
Co`e*ta"ne*ous (?), a. [L.
coaetaneus; co- + aetas age.] Of the
same age; beginning to exist at the same time;
contemporaneous.
-- Co`e*ta"ne*ous*ly, adv.
And all [members of the body] are
coetaneous.
Bentley.
Co`e*ter"nal (?), a. Equally
eternal. -- Co`e*ter"nal*ly,
adv.
Hail, holy Light, offspring of Heaven first
born!
Or of the Eternal coeternal beam.
Milton.
Co`e*ter"ni*ty (?), n.
Existence from eternity equally with another eternal being;
equal eternity.
Co*e"val (?), a. [L.
coaevus; co- + aevum lifetime, age. See
Age, n.] Of the same age; existing
during the same period of time, especially time long and remote;
-- usually followed by with.
Silence! coeval with eternity!
Pope.
Oaks coeval spread a mournful shade.
Cowper.
Co*e"val, n. One of the same
age; a contemporary.
As if it were not enough to have outdone all your
coevals in wit.
Pope.
Co*e"vous (?), a. Coeval
[Obs.] South.
Co`ex*ec"u*tor (?), n. A joint
executor.
Co`ex*ec"u*trix (?), n. A
joint executrix.
Co`ex*ist (?), v. i. [imp.
& p. p. Coexisted; p. pr. & vb.
n. Coexisting.] To exist at the same time;
-- sometimes followed by with.
Of substances no one has any clear idea, farther
than of certain simple ideas coexisting together.
Locke.
So much purity and integrity . . .
coexisting with so much decay and so many infirmities.
Warburton.
Co`ex*ist"ence (?), n.
Existence at the same time with another; -- contemporary
existence.
Without the help, or so much as the
coexistence, of any condition.
Jer. Taylor.
Co`ex*ist"ent (?), a. Existing
at the same time with another. -- n.
That which coexists with another.
The law of coexistent vibrations.
Whewell.
Co`ex*ist"ing, a.
Coexistent. Locke.
Co`ex*tend, v. t. [imp. &
p. p. Coextended; p. pr. & vb.
n. Coextending.] To extend through the same
space or time with another; to extend to the same
degree.
According to which the least body may be
coextended with the greatest.
Boyle.
Has your English language one single word that is
coextended through all these significations?
Bentley.
Co`ex*ten"sion
(kō`&ebreve;ks*t&ebreve;n"shŭn),
n. The act of extending equally, or the
state of being equally extended.
Co`ex*ten"sive (?), a. Equally
extensive; having equal extent; as, consciousness and knowledge
are coextensive. Sir W. Hamilton. --
Co`ex*ten"sive*ly, adv. --
Co`ex*ten"sive*ness, n.
Cof"fee (?; 115), n. [Turk.
qahveh, Ar. qahuah wine, coffee, a decoction of
berries. Cf. Café.] 1. The
"beans" or "berries" (pyrenes) obtained from the drupes of a
small evergreen tree of the genus Coffea, growing in
Abyssinia, Arabia, Persia, and other warm regions of Asia and
Africa, and also in tropical America.
2. The coffee tree.
&fist; There are several species of the coffee tree, as,
Coffea Arabica, C. occidentalis, and C.
Liberica. The white, fragrant flowers grow in clusters at the
root of the leaves, and the fruit is a red or purple cherrylike
drupe, with sweet pulp, usually containing two pyrenes,
commercially called "beans" or "berries".
3. The beverage made from the roasted and
ground berry.
They have in Turkey a drink called coffee.
. . . This drink comforteth the brain and heart, and helpeth
digestion.
Bacon.
&fist; The use of coffee is said to have been
introduced into England about 1650, when coffeehouses were opened
in Oxford and London.
Coffee bug (Zoöl.), a
species of scale insect (Lecanium coffæa), often
very injurious to the coffee tree. -- Coffee
rat (Zoöl.) See Musang.
Cof"fee*house` (?), n. A house
of entertainment, where guests are supplied with coffee and other
refreshments, and where men meet for conversation.
The coffeehouse must not be dismissed with
a cursory mention. It might indeed, at that time, have been not
improperly called a most important political institution. . . .
The coffeehouses were the chief organs through which the
public opinion of the metropolis vented itself. . . . Every man
of the upper or middle class went daily to his coffeehouse
to learn the news and discuss it. Every coffeehouse had
one or more orators, to whose eloquence the crowd listened with
admiration, and who soon became what the journalists of our own
time have been called -- a fourth estate of the realm.
Macaulay.
Cof"fee*man (?), n. One who
keeps a coffeehouse. Addison.
Cof"fee*pot (?), n. A covered
pot in which coffee is prepared, or is brought upon the table for
drinking.
Cof"fee*room` (?), n. A public
room where coffee and other refreshments may be
obtained.
Cof"fer (?; 115), n. [OF.
cofre, F. coffre, L. cophinus basket, fr.
Gr. &?;. Cf. Coffin, n.]
1. A casket, chest, or trunk; especially,
one used for keeping money or other valuables.
Chaucer.
In ivory coffers I have stuffed my
crowns.
Shak.
2. Fig.: Treasure or funds; -- usually in
the plural.
He would discharge it without any burden to the
queen's coffers, for honor sake.
Bacon.
Hold, here is half my coffer.
Shak.
3. (Arch.) A panel deeply recessed
in the ceiling of a vault, dome, or portico; a caisson.
4. (Fort.) A trench dug in the
bottom of a dry moat, and extending across it, to enable the
besieged to defend it by a raking fire.
5. The chamber of a canal lock; also, a
caisson or a cofferdam.
Coffer dam. (Engin.) See
Cofferdam, in the Vocabulary. -- Coffer
fish. (Zoöl.) See
Cowfish.
Cof"fer, v. t. 1.
To put into a coffer. Bacon.
2. (Mining.) To secure from
leaking, as a shaft, by ramming clay behind the masonry or
timbering. Raymond.
3. To form with or in a coffer or
coffers; to furnish with a coffer or coffers.
Cof"fer*dam (?), n. A water-
tight inclosure, as of piles packed with clay, from which the
water is pumped to expose the bottom (of a river, etc.) and
permit the laying of foundations, building of piers,
etc.
Cof"fer*er (?), n. One who
keeps treasures in a coffer. [R.]
Cof"fer*work` (?), n.
(Masonry) Rubblework faced with stone.
Knight.
Cof"fin (?; 115), n. [OE., a
basket, receptacle, OF. cofin, fr. L. cophinus. See
Coffer, n.] 1. The
case in which a dead human body is inclosed for burial.
They embalmed him [Joseph], and he was put in a
coffin.
Gen. 1. 26.
2. A basket. [Obs.] Wyclif
(matt. xiv. 20).
3. A casing or crust, or a mold, of
pastry, as for a pie.
Of the paste a coffin I will rear.
Shak.
4. A conical paper bag, used by
grocers. [Obs.] Nares.
5. (Far.) The hollow crust or hoof
of a horse's foot, below the coronet, in which is the coffin
bone.
Coffin bone, the foot bone of the horse
and allied animals, inclosed within the hoof, and corresponding
to the third phalanx of the middle finger, or toe, of most
mammals. -- Coffin joint, the joint
next above the coffin bone.
Cof"fin, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Coffined (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Coffining.] To inclose in, or as in, a
coffin.
Would'st thou have laughed, had I come
coffined home?
Shak.
Devotion is not coffined in a cell.
John Hall (1646).
Cof"fin*less, a. Having no
coffin.
Cof"fle (?; 115), n. [Ar.
kafala caravan.] A gang of negro slaves being driven
to market.
Cog (?), v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Cogged (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Cogging.] [Cf. W. coegio to make void, to beceive,
from coeg empty, vain, foolish. Cf. Coax,
v. t.]
1. To seduce, or draw away, by adulation,
artifice, or falsehood; to wheedle; to cozen; to cheat.
[R.]
I'll . . . cog their hearts from them.
Shak.
2. To obtrude or thrust in, by falsehood
or deception; as, to cog in a word; to palm off.
[R.]
Fustian tragedies . . . have, by concerted
applauses, been cogged upon the town for masterpieces.
J. Dennis
To cog a die, to load so as to direct its fall; to
cheat in playing dice.
Swift.
Cog (?), v. i. To deceive; to
cheat; to play false; to lie; to wheedle; to cajole.
For guineas in other men's breeches,
Your gamesters will palm and will cog.
Swift.
Cog, n. A trick or deception;
a falsehood. Wm. Watson.
Cog, n. [Cf. Sw. kugge a
cog, or W. cocos the cogs of a wheel.] 1.
(Mech.) A tooth, cam, or catch for imparting or
receiving motion, as on a gear wheel, or a lifter or wiper on a
shaft; originally, a separate piece of wood set in a mortise in
the face of a wheel.
2. (Carp.) (a) A
kind of tenon on the end of a joist, received into a notch in a
bearing timber, and resting flush with its upper surface.
(b) A tenon in a scarf joint; a coak.
Knight.
3. (Mining.) One of the rough
pillars of stone or coal left to support the roof of a
mine.
Cog, v. t. To furnish with a
cog or cogs.
Cogged breath sound (Auscultation),
a form of interrupted respiration, in which the interruptions
are very even, three or four to each inspiration.
Quain.
Cog, n. [OE. cogge; cf. D.
kog, Icel. kuggr Cf. Cock a boat.] A
small fishing boat. Ham. Nav. Encyc.
Co"gen*cy (?), n. [See
Cogent.] The quality of being cogent; power of
compelling conviction; conclusiveness; force.
An antecedent argument of extreme
cogency.
J. H. Newman.
Co*ge"ni*al (?), a.
Congenial. [Obs.]
Co"gent (kō"j&ebreve;nt), a.
[L. cogens, p. pr. of cogere to drive together, to
force; co- + agere to drive. See Agent,
a., and cf. Coact to force,
Coagulate, p. a.] 1.
Compelling, in a physical sense; powerful. [Obs.]
The cogent force of nature.
Prior.
2. Having the power to compel conviction
or move the will; constraining; conclusive; forcible; powerful;
not easily reasisted.
No better nor more cogent reason.
Dr. H. More.
Proofs of the most cogent description.
Tyndall.
The tongue whose strains were cogent as
commands,
Revered at home, and felt in foreign lands.
Cowper.
Syn. -- Forcible; powerful; potent; urgent; strong;
persuasive; convincing; conclusive; influential.
Co"gent*ly, adv. In a cogent
manner; forcibly; convincingly; conclusively.
Locke.
Cog"ger (k&obreve;g"g&etilde;r), n.
[From Cog to wheedle.] A flatterer or deceiver; a
sharper.
Cog"ger*y, n. Trick;
deception. Bp. Watson.
Cog"gle (?), n. [See Cog
small boat.] A small fishing boat. Ham. Nav.
Encyc.
Cog"gle, n. [Cf. Cobble a
cobblestone.] A cobblestone. [Prov. Eng.]
Halliwell.
Cog`i*ta*bil"i*ty (?), n. The
quality of being cogitable; conceivableness.
Cog"i*ta*ble (?), a. [L.
cogitabilis, fr. cogitare to think.] Capable
of being brought before the mind as a thought or idea;
conceivable; thinkable.
Creation is cogitable by us only as a
putting forth of divine power.
Sir W. Hamilton.
Cog"i*ta*bund` (?), a. [L.
cogitabundus.] Full of thought; thoughtful.
[R.] Leigh Hunt.
Cog"i*tate (?), v. i. [imp.
& p. p. Cogitated (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Cogitating.] [L. cogitatus, p. p. of
cogitare to reflect upon, prob. fr. co- + the root
of aio I say; hence, prop., to discuss with one's self.
Cf. Adage.] To engage in continuous thought; to
think.
He that calleth a thing into his mind, whether by
impression or recordation, cogitateth and considereth, and
he that employeth the faculty of his fancy also
cogitateth.
Bacon.
Cog"i*tate, v. t. To think
over; to plan.
He . . . is our witness, how we both day and
night, revolving in our minds, did cogitate nothing more
than how to satisfy the parts of a good pastor.
Foxe.
Cog`i*ta"tion (?), n. [L.
cogitatio: cf. F. cogitation.] The act of
thinking; thought; meditation; contemplation. "Fixed in
cogitation deep." Milton.
Cog"i*ta*tive (?), a. [Cf. LL.
cogitativus.] 1. Possessing, or
pertaining to, the power of thinking or meditating.
"Cogitative faculties." Wollaston.
2. Given to thought or
contemplation. Sir H. Wotton.
Cog"man (?), n. A dealer in
cogware or coarse cloth. [Obs.] Wright.
Co"gnac` (?), n. [F.] A kind
of French brandy, so called from the town of
Cognac.
Cog"nate (?), a. [L.
cognatus; co- + gnatus, natus, p. p.
of nasci, anciently gnasci, to be born. See
Nation, and cf. Connate.] 1.
Allied by blood; kindred by birth; specifically
(Law), related on the mother's side.
2. Of the same or a similar nature; of
the same family; proceeding from the same stock or root; allied;
kindred; as, a cognate language.
Cog"nate, n. 1.
(Law) One who is related to another on the female
side. Wharton.
2. One of a number of things allied in
origin or nature; as, certain letters are
cognates.
Cog"nate*ness, n. The state of
being cognate.
||Cog*na"ti (?), n. pl. [L.]
(Law) Relatives by the mother's side.
Wharton.
Cog*na"tion (?), n. [L.
cognatio.] 1. Relationship by blood;
descent from the same original; kindred.
As by our cognation to the body of the
first Adam.
Jer. Taylor.
2. Participation of the same
nature. Sir T. Browne.
A like temper and cognation.
Sir K. Digby.
3. (Law) That tie of consanguinity
which exists between persons descended from the same mother; --
used in distinction from agnation.
||Cog*na"tus (?), n. [L., a
kinsman.] (Law) A person connected through
cognation.
{ Cog`ni*sor" (? or ?), Cog`ni*see (?), }
n. See Cognizor,
Cognizee.
Cog*ni"tion (?), n. [L.
cognitio, fr. cognoscere, cognitum, to
become acquainted with, to know; co- + noscere,
gnoscere, to get a knowledge of. See Know,
v. t.] 1. The act of
knowing; knowledge; perception.
I will not be myself nor have cognation
Of what I feel: I am all patience.
Shak.
2. That which is known.
Cog"ni*tive (?), a. Knowing,
or apprehending by the understanding; as, cognitive
power. South.
Cog"ni*za*ble (? or &?;), a. [F.
connaissable, fr. connaître to know, L.
cognoscere. See Cognition.] 1.
Capable of being known or apprehended; as, cognizable
causes.
2. Fitted to be a subject of judicial
investigation; capable of being judicially heard and
determined.
Cognizable both in the ecclesiastical and
secular courts.
Ayliffe.
Cog"ni*za*bly, adv. In a
cognizable manner.
Cog"ni*zance (? or ?; 277), n. [OF.
conissance, conoissance, F. connaissance,
LL. cognoscentia, fr. L. cognoscere to know. See
Cognition, and cf. Cognoscence,
Connoisseur.] 1. Apprehension by the
understanding; perception; observation.
Within the cognizance and lying under the
control of their divine Governor.
Bp. Hurd
2. Recollection; recognition.
Who, soon as on that knight his eye did
glance,
Eftsoones of him had perfect cognizance.
Spenser.
3. (Law) (a)
Jurisdiction, or the power given by law to hear and decide
controversies. (b) The hearing a
matter judicially. (c) An
acknowledgment of a fine of lands and tenements or confession of
a thing done. [Eng.] (d) A form of
defense in the action of replevin, by which the defendant insists
that the goods were lawfully taken, as a distress, by defendant,
acting as servant for another. [Eng.] Cowell. Mozley &
W.
4. The distinguishing mark worn by an
armed knight, usually upon the helmet, and by his retainers and
followers: Hence, in general, a badge worn by a retainer or
dependent, to indicate the person or party to which he belonged;
a token by which a thing may be known.
Wearing the liveries and cognizance of
their master.
Prescott.
This pale and angry rose,
As cognizance of my blood-drinking hate.
Shak.
Cog"ni*zant (? or ?), a. [See
Cognizance, and cf. Connusant.] Having
cognizance or knowledge. (of).
Cog"nize (?), v. t. [Cf.
Cognizant, Recognize.] To know or perceive; to
recognize.
The reasoning faculty can deal with no facts until
they are cognized by it.
H. Spencer.
Cog`ni*zee" (? or ?), n.
(Law) One to whom a fine of land was
acknowledged. Blackstone.
Cog`ni*zor (?), n. [See
Cognizance.] (Law) One who acknowledged the
right of the plaintiff or cognizee in a fine; the
defendant. Blackstone.
Cog*no"men (?), n. [L.: co-
+ (g)nomen name.] 1. The last
of the three names of a person among the ancient Romans, denoting
his house or family.
2. (Eng. Law) A surname.
Cog*nom"i*nal (?), a. Of or
pertaining to a cognomen; of the nature of a surname.
Cog*nom"i*nal, n. One bearing
the same name; a namesake. [Obs.] Sir T.
Browne.
Cog*nom`i*na"tion (?), n. [L.
cognominatio.] A cognomen or surname. [R.]
Jer. Taylor.
Cog*nos"cence (?), n. [LL.
cognoscentia. See Cognizance.]
Cognizance. [R.] Dr. H. More.
||Cog`nos*cen"te (?), n.;
pl. Cognoscenti (#). [OIt.
cognoscente, p. pr. of cognoscere, It.
conoscere to know.] A connoisseur.
Mason.
Cog*nos`ci*bil"i*ty (?), n.
The quality of being cognoscible.
Cudworth.
Cog*nos"ci*ble (?), a.
1. Capable of being known. "Matters
intelligible and cognoscible." Sir M. Hale.
2. Liable to judicial
investigation. Jer. Taylor.
Cog*nos"ci*tive (?), a. Having
the power of knowing. [Obs.] "An innate cognoscitive
power." Cudworth.
||Cog*no"vit (?), n. [L., he has
acknowledged.] (Law) An instrument in writing whereby
a defendant in an action acknowledges a plaintiff's demand to be
just. Mozley & W.
Co*guard"i*an (?), n. A joint
guardian.
Cogue (?), n. [Cf. Cog a
small boat.] A small wooden vessel; a pail. [Scot.]
Jamieson.
Cog"ware` (?), n. A coarse,
narrow cloth, like frieze, used by the lower classes in the
sixteenth century. Halliwell.
Cog"wheel` (?), n. A wheel
with cogs or teeth; a gear wheel. See Illust. of
Gearing.
Co*hab"it (?), v. i. [imp.
& p. p. Cohabited; p. pr. & vb.
n. Cohabiting.] [L. cohabitare; co-
+ habitare to dwell, to have possession of (a place),
freg. of habere to have. See Habit,
n. & v.] 1.
To inhabit or reside in company, or in the same place or
country.
The Philistines were worsted by the captived ark .
. . : they were not able to cohabit with that holy
thing.
South.
2. To dwell or live together as husband
and wife.
The law presumes that husband and wife
cohabit together, even after a voluntary separation has
taken place between them.
Bouvier.
&fist; By the common law as existing in the United States,
marriage is presumed when a man and woman cohabit
permanently together, being reputed by those who know them to be
husband and wife, and admitting the relationship.
Wharton.
Co*hab"it*ant (?), n. [L.
cohabitans, p. pr.] One who dwells with another, or
in the same place or country.
No small number of the Danes became peaceable
cohabitants with the Saxons in England.
Sir W. Raleigh.
Co*hab"i*ta"tion (?), n. [L.
cohabitatio.] 1. The act or state of
dwelling together, or in the same place with another.
Feltham.
2. (Law) The living together of a
man and woman in supposed sexual relationship.
That the duty of cohabitation is released
by the cruelty of one of the parties is admitted.
Lord Stowell.
Co*hab"it*er (?), n. A
cohabitant. Hobbes.
Co*heir (?), n. A joint heir;
one of two or more heirs; one of several entitled to an
inheritance.
Co*heir"ess (?), n. A female
heir who inherits with other heiresses; a joint
heiress.
Co*heir"ship, n. The state of
being a coheir.
Co*her"ald (?), n. A joint
herald.
Co*here" (?), v. i. [imp. &
p. p. Cohered (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Cohering (?).] [L. cohaerere,
cohaesum; co- + haerere to stick, adhere.
See Aghast, a.] 1.
To stick together; to cleave; to be united; to hold fast, as
parts of the same mass.
Neither knows he . . . how the solid parts of the
body are united or cohere together.
Locke.
2. To be united or connected together in
subordination to one purpose; to follow naturally and logically,
as the parts of a discourse, or as arguments in a train of
reasoning; to be logically consistent.
They have been inserted where they best seemed to
cohere.
Burke.
3. To suit; to agree; to fit.
[Obs.]
Had time cohered with place, or place with
wishing.
Shak.
Syn. -- To cleave; unite; adhere; stick; suit; agree;
fit; be consistent.
{ Co*her"ence (?), Co*her"en*cy (?) },
n. [L. cohaerentia: cf. F.
cohérence.] 1. A sticking or
cleaving together; union of parts of the same body;
cohesion.
2. Connection or dependence, proceeding
from the subordination of the parts of a thing to one principle
or purpose, as in the parts of a discourse, or of a system of
philosophy; consecutiveness.
Coherence of discourse, and a direct
tendency of all the parts of it to the argument in hand, are most
eminently to be found in him.
Locke.
Co*her"ent (?), a. [L.
cohaerens, p. pr. See Cohere.] 1.
Sticking together; cleaving; as the parts of bodies; solid
or fluid. Arbuthnot.
2. Composed of mutually dependent parts;
making a logical whole; consistent; as, a coherent plan,
argument, or discourse.
3. Logically consistent; -- applied to
persons; as, a coherent thinker. Watts.
4. Suitable or suited; adapted;
accordant. [Obs.]
Instruct my daughter how she shall persever,
That time and place, with this deceit so lawful,
May prove coherent.
Shak.
Co*her"ent*ly, adv. In a
coherent manner.
Co*he`si*bil"i*ty (? or ?), n.
The state of being cohesible. Good.
Co*he"si*ble (?), a. Capable
of cohesion.
Co*he"sion (?), n. [Cf. F.
cohésion. See Cohere.] 1.
The act or state of sticking together; close
union.
2. (Physics) That from of
attraction by which the particles of a body are united throughout
the mass, whether like or unlike; -- distinguished from
adhesion, which unites bodies by their adjacent
surfaces.
Solids and fluids differ in the degree of
cohesion, which, being increased, turns a fluid into a
solid.
Arbuthnot.
3. Logical agreement and dependence; as,
the cohesion of ideas. Locke.
Co*he"sive (?), a.
1. Holding the particles of a homogeneous
body together; as, cohesive attraction; producing
cohesion; as, a cohesive force.
2. Cohering, or sticking together, as in
a mass; capable of cohering; tending to cohere; as,
cohesive clay.
Cohesive attraction. See under
Attraction.
-- Co*he"sive*ly, adv. --
Co*he"sive*ness, n.
Co*hib"it (?), v. t. [imp.
& p. p. Cohibited; p. pr. & vb.
n. Cohibiting.] [L. cohibitus, p. p. of
cohibere to confine; co- + habere to hold.]
To restrain. [Obs.] Bailey.
Co`hi*bi"tion (?), n. [L.
cohibitio.] Hindrance; restraint. [Obs.]
Co`ho*bate (?), v. t. [imp.
& p. p. Cohobated; p. pr. & vb.
n. Cohobating.] [LL. cohobare; prob. of
Arabic origin: cf. F. cohober.] (Anc. Chem.)
To repeat the distillation of, pouring the liquor back upon
the matter remaining in the vessel. Arbuthnot.
Co`ho*ba"tion (?), n. [Cf. F.
cohobation.] (Anc. Chem.) The process of
cohobating. Grew.
Co"horn (?), n. (Mil.)
See Coehorn.
Co"hort (?), n. [L. cohors,
prop. an inclosure: cf. F. cohorte. See Court,
n.] 1. (Rom. Antiq.)
A body of about five or six hundred soldiers; the tenth part
of a legion.
2. Any band or body of
warriors.
With him the cohort bright
Of watchful cherubim.
Milton.
3. (Bot.) A natural group of
orders of plants, less comprehensive than a class.
Co"hosh (?), n. (Bot.)
A perennial American herb (Caulophyllum
thalictroides), whose rootstock is used in medicine; -- also
called pappoose root. The name is sometimes also given to
the Cimicifuga racemosa, and to two species of
Actæa, plants of the Crowfoot family.
Coif (koif), n. [OF. coife,
F. coiffe, LL. cofea, cuphia, fr. OHG.
kuppa, kuppha, miter, perh. fr. L. cupa tub.
See Cup, n.; but cf. also Cop,
Cuff the article of dress, Quoif,
n.] A cap. Specifically:
(a) A close-fitting cap covering the sides
of the head, like a small hood without a cape.
(b) An official headdress, such as that worn
by certain judges in England. [Written also
quoif.]
From point and saucy ermine down
To the plain coif and russet gown.
H. Brocke.
The judges, . . . althout they are not of the
first magnitude, nor need be of the degree of the coif,
yet are they considerable.
Bacon.
Coif (koif), v. t. [Cf. F.
coiffer.] To cover or dress with, or as with, a
coif.
And coif me, where I'm bald, with
flowers.
J. G. Cooper.
Coifed (koift), a. Wearing a
coif.
Coif"fure (?), n. [F., fr.
coiffer. See Coif.] A headdress, or manner of
dressing the hair. Addison.
Coigne (koin), n. [See Coin,
n.] A quoin.
See you yound coigne of the Capitol? yon
corner stone?
Shak.
{ Coigne, Coign"y (?), }
n. The practice of quartering one's self
as landlord on a tenant; a quartering of one's self on
anybody. [Ireland] Spenser.
Coil (koil), v. t. [imp. &
p. p. Coiled (koild); p. pr. & vb.
n. Coiling.] [OF. coillir, F.
cueillir, to collect, gather together, L. coligere;
col- + legere to gather. See Legend, and cf.
Cull, v. t., Collect.]
1. To wind cylindrically or spirally; as, to
coil a rope when not in use; the snake coiled
itself before springing.
2. To encircle and hold with, or as with,
coils. [Obs. or R.] T. Edwards.
Coil, v. i. To wind itself
cylindrically or spirally; to form a coil; to wind; -- often with
about or around.
You can see his flery serpents . . .
Coiting, playing in the water.
Longfellow.
Coil, n. 1. A
ring, series of rings, or spiral, into which a rope, or other
like thing, is wound.
The wild grapevines that twisted their
coils from trec to tree.
W. Irving.
2. Fig.: Entanglement; toil; mesh;
perplexity.
3. A series of connected pipes in rows or
layers, as in a steam heating apparatus.
Induction coil. (Elec.) See under
Induction. -- Ruhmkorff's coil
(Elec.), an induction coil, sometimes so called from
Ruhmkorff (&?;), a prominent manufacturer of the
apparatus.
Coil, n. [Of Celtic origin; cf.
Gael. goil fume, rage.] A noise, tumult, bustle, or
confusion. [Obs.] Shak.
Coi"lon (?), n. [F. See
Cullion.] A testicle. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Coin (koin), n. [F. coin,
formerly also coing, wedge, stamp, corner, fr. L.
cuneus wedge; prob. akin to E. cone, hone.
See Hone, n., and cf. Coigne,
Quoin, Cuneiform.] 1. A quoin;
a corner or external angle; a wedge. See Coigne, and
Quoin.
2. A piece of metal on which certain
characters are stamped by government authority, making it legally
current as money; -- much used in a collective sense.
It is alleged that it [a subsidy] exceeded all the
current coin of the realm.
Hallam.
3. That which serves for payment or
recompense.
The loss of present advantage to flesh and blood
is repaid in a nobler coin.
Hammond.
Coin balance. See Illust. of
Balance. -- To pay one in his own
coin, to return to one the same kind of injury or
ill treatment as has been received from him. [Colloq.]
Coin, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Coined (koind); p. pr. & vb.
n. Coining.] 1. To make of
a definite fineness, and convert into coins, as a mass of metal;
to mint; to manufacture; as, to coin silver dollars; to
coin a medal.
2. To make or fabricate; to invent; to
originate; as, to coin a word.
Some tale, some new pretense, he daily
coined,
To soothe his sister and delude her mind.
Dryden.
3. To acquire rapidly, as money; to
make.
Tenants cannot coin rent just at quarter
day.
Locke.
Coin, v. i. To manufacture
counterfeit money.
They cannot touch me for coining.
Shak.
Coin"age (?), n. [From Coin,
v. t., cf. Cuinage.] 1.
The act or process of converting metal into money.
The care of the coinage was committed to
the inferior magistrates.
Arbuthnot.
2. Coins; the aggregate coin of a time or
place.
3. The cost or expense of coining
money.
4. The act or process of fabricating or
inventing; formation; fabrication; that which is fabricated or
forged. "Unnecessary coinage . . . of words."
Dryden.
This is the very coinage of your brain.
Shak.
Co`in*cide" (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Coincided (?); p.
pr. & vb. n. Coinciding.] [L. co- +
incidere to fall on; in + cadere to fall: cf. F.
coïncider. See Chance, n.]
1. To occupy the same place in space, as two
equal triangles, when placed one on the other.
If the equator and the ecliptic had
coincided, it would have rendered the annual revoluton of
the earth useless.
Cheyne.
2. To occur at the same time; to be
contemporaneous; as, the fall of Granada coincided with
the discovery of America.
3. To correspond exactly; to agree; to
concur; as, our aims coincide.
The rules of right jugdment and of good
ratiocination often coincide with each other.
Watts.
Co*in"ci*dence
(k&osl;*&ibreve;n"s&ibreve;*dens), n.
[Cf. F. coïncidence.] 1. The
condition of occupying the same place in space; as, the
coincidence of circles, surfaces, etc.
Bentley.
2. The condition or fact of happening at
the same time; as, the coincidence of the deaths of John
Adams and Thomas Jefferson.
3. Exact correspondence in nature,
character, result, circumstances, etc.; concurrence;
agreement.
The very concurrence and coincidence of so
many evidences . . . carries a great weight.
Sir M. Hale.
Those who discourse . . . of the nature of truth .
. . affirm a perfect coincidence between truth and
goodness.
South.
Co*in"ci*den*cy (?), n.
Coincidence. [R.]
Co*in"ci*dent
(k&osl;*&ibreve;n"s&ibreve;*dent), a.
[Cf. F. coïncident.] Having coincidence;
occupying the same place; contemporaneous; concurrent; --
followed by with.
Christianity teaches nothing but what is perfectly
suitable to, and coincident with, the ruling principles of
a virtuous and well-inclined man.
South.
Co*in"ci*dent (?), n. One of
two or more coincident events; a coincidence. [R.]
"Coincidents and accidents." Froude.
Co*in`ci*den"tal (?), a.
Coincident.
Co*in"ci*dent*ly (?), adv.
With coincidence.
Co`in*cid"er (?), n. One who
coincides with another in an opinion.
Co*in`di*ca"tion (?), n. [Cf. F.
coïdication.] One of several signs or symptoms
indicating the same fact; as, a coindication of
disease.
Coin"er (?), n. 1.
One who makes or stamps coin; a maker of money; -- usually,
a maker of counterfeit money.
Precautions such as are employed by coiners
and receivers of stolen goods.
Macaulay.
2. An inventor or maker, as of
words. Camden.
Co`in*hab"it*ant (?), n. One
who dwells with another, or with others.
"Coinhabitants of the same element." Dr. H.
More.
Co`in*here" (?), v. i. To
inhere or exist together, as in one substance. Sir W.
Hamilton.
Co`in*her"it*ance (?), n.
Joint inheritance.
Co`in*her"it*or (?), n. A
coheir.
Co`in*i"tial (?), a. (Math.)
Having a common beginning.
Co*in"qui*nate (?), v. t. [L.
coinquinatus, p. p. of coinquinare to defile. See
Inquinate.] To pollute. [Obs.]
Skelton.
Co*in`qui*na"tion (?), n.
Defilement. [Obs.]
Co*in"stan*ta"ne*ous (?), a.
Happening at the same instant. C. Darwin.
Co`intense" (?), a. Equal in
intensity or degree; as, the relations between 6 and 12, and 8
and 16, are cointense. H. Spencer.
Co`in*ten"sion (?), n. The
condition of being of equal in intensity; -- applied to
relations; as, 3:6 and 6:12 are relations of
cointension.
Cointension . . . is chosen indicate the
equality of relations in respect of the contrast between their
terms.
H. Spencer.
Coir (koir), n. [Tamil
kayiru.] 1. A material for cordage,
matting, etc., consisting of the prepared fiber of the outer husk
of the cocoanut. Homans.
2. Cordage or cables, made of this
material.
Cois"tril (?), n. [Prob. from OF.
coustillier groom or lad. Cf. Custrel.]
1. An inferior groom or lad employed by an
esquire to carry the knight's arms and other necessaries.
[Written also coistrel.]
2. A mean, paltry fellow; a coward.
[Obs.] Shak.
Coit (koit), n. [See Quoit.]
A quoit. [Obs.] Carew.
Coit, v. t. To throw, as a
stone. [Obs.] See Quoit.
Co*i"tion (?), n. [L.
coitio, fr. coire to come together; co- +
ire to go.] A coming together; sexual intercourse;
copulation. Grew.
Co*join" (?), v. t. To join;
to conjoin. [R.] Shak.
Co*ju"ror (?), n. One who
swears to another's credibility. W. Wotton.
Coke (?), n. [Perh. akin to
cake, n.] Mineral coal charred, or depriver of its
bitumen, sulphur, or other volatile matter by roasting in a kiln
or oven, or by distillation, as in gas works. It is lagerly used
where &?; smokeless fire is required. [Written also
coak.]
Gas coke, the coke formed in gas
retorts, as distinguished from that made in ovens.
Coke, v. t. To convert into
coke.
Coke"nay (?), n. A
cockney. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Co"ker*nut` (?), n. (Com.)
The cocoanut.
&fist; A mode of spelling introduced by the London customhouse
to distinguish more widely between this and other articles spelt
much in the same manner.
Cokes (?), n. [OE. Cf.
Coax.] A simpleton; a gull; a dupe. [Obs.]
B. Jonson.
Coke"wold (?), n.
Cuckold. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Col- (&?;). A prefix signifying with,
together. See Com-.
||Col (?), n. [F., neck, fr. L.
collum neck.] A short ridge connecting two higher
elevations or mountains; the pass over such a ridge.
Co*la"bor*er (?), n. One who
labors with another; an associate in labor.
Col"an*der (?), n. [L.
colans, -antis, p. pr. of colare to filter,
to strain, fr. colum a strainer. Cf. Cullis,
Culvert.] A utensil with a bottom perforated with
little holes for straining liquids, mashed vegetable pulp, etc.;
a strainer of wickerwork, perforated metal, or the
like.
Co*la"tion (?), n. [See
Colander.] The act or process of straining or
filtering. [R.]
Co*lat"i*tude (?; 134), n. [Formed
like cosine. See Cosine.] The complement of
the latitude, or the difference between any latitude and ninety
degrees.
Col"a*ture (?; 135), n. [L.
colatura, from colare: cf. F. colature. See
Colander.] The process of straining; the matter
strained; a strainer. [R.]
Col"ber*tine (?), n. [From Jean
Baptiste Colbert, a minister of Louis XIV., who encouraged
the lace manufacture in France.] A kind of lace.
[Obs.]
Pinners edged with colbertine.
Swift.
Difference rose between
Mechlin, the queen of lace, and colbertine.
Young.
Col"chi*cine (? or ?), n. [Cf. F.
colchicine.] (Chem.) A powerful vegetable
alkaloid, C17H19NO5, extracted
from the Colchicum autumnale, or meadow saffron, as a
white or yellowish amorphous powder, with a harsh, bitter taste;
-- called also colchicia.
Col"chi*cum (?), n. [L., a plant
with a poisonous root, fr. Colchicus Colchian, fr.
Colchis, Gr. &?;, an ancient province in Asia, east of the
Black Sea, where was the home of Media the sorceress.]
(Bot.) A genus of bulbous-rooted plants found in many
parts of Europe, including the meadow saffron.
&fist; Preparations made from the poisonous bulbs and seeds,
and perhaps from the flowers, of the Colchicum autumnale
(meadow saffron) are used as remedies for gout and
rheumatism.
Col"co*thar (k&obreve;l"k&osl;*th&etilde;r),
n. [NL. colcothar vitrioli, fr. Ar.
qolqo&tsdot;ar.] (Chem.) Polishing rouge; a
reddish brown oxide of iron, used in polishing glass, and also as
a pigment; -- called also crocus Martis.
Cold (kōld), a.
[Compar. Colder (-&etilde;r);
superl. Coldest.] [OE. cold,
cald, AS. cald, ceald; akin to OS.
kald, D. koud, G. kalt, Icel. kaldr,
Dan. kold, Sw. kall, Goth. kalds, L.
gelu frost, gelare to freeze. Orig. p. p. of AS.
calan to be cold, Icel. kala to freeze. Cf.
Cool, a., Chill,
n.] 1. Deprived of heat,
or having a low temperature; not warm or hot; gelid;
frigid. "The snowy top of cold Olympis."
Milton.
2. Lacking the sensation of warmth;
suffering from the absence of heat; chilly; shivering; as, to be
cold.
3. Not pungent or acrid.
"Cold plants." Bacon
4. Wanting in ardor, intensity, warmth,
zeal, or passion; spiritless; unconcerned; reserved.
A cold and unconcerned spectator.
T. Burnet.
No cold relation is a zealous citizen.
Burke.
5. Unwelcome; disagreeable;
unsatisfactory. "Cold news for me." "Cold
comfort." Shak.
6. Wanting in power to excite; dull;
uninteresting.
What a deal of cold business doth a man
misspend the better part of life in!
B. Jonson.
The jest grows cold . . . when in comes on
in a second scene.
Addison.
7. Affecting the sense of smell (as of
hunting dogs) but feebly; having lost its odor; as, a cold
scent.
8. Not sensitive; not acute.
Smell this business with a sense as
cold
As is a dead man's nose.
Shak.
9. Distant; -- said, in the game of
hunting for some object, of a seeker remote from the thing
concealed.
10. (Paint.) Having a bluish
effect. Cf. Warm, 8.
Cold abscess. See under
Abscess. -- Cold blast See
under Blast, n., 2. -- Cold
blood. See under Blood,
n., 8. -- Cold chill,
an ague fit. Wright. -- Cold
chisel, a chisel of peculiar strength and hardness,
for cutting cold metal. Weale. -- Cold
cream. See under Cream. -- Cold
slaw. See Cole slaw. -- In cold
blood, without excitement or passion;
deliberately.
He was slain in cold blood after the fight
was over.
Sir W. Scott.
To give one the cold shoulder, to treat
one with neglect.
Syn. -- Gelid; bleak; frigid; chill; indifferent;
unconcerned; passionless; reserved; unfeeling; stoical.
Cold, n. 1.
The relative absence of heat or warmth.
2. The sensation produced by the escape
of heat; chilliness or chillness.
When she saw her lord prepared to part,
A deadly cold ran shivering to her heart.
Dryden.
3. (Med.) A morbid state of the
animal system produced by exposure to cold or dampness; a
catarrh.
Cold sore (Med.), a vesicular
eruption appearing about the mouth as the result of a cold, or in
the course of any disease attended with fever. -- To
leave one out in the cold, to overlook or neglect
him. [Colloq.]
Cold, v. i. To become
cold. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Cold"-blood`ed (?), a.
1. Having cold blood; -- said of fish or
animals whose blood is but little warmer than the water or air
about them.
2. Deficient in sensibility or feeling;
hard-hearted.
3. Not thoroughbred; -- said of animals,
as horses, which are derived from the common stock of a
country.
Cold"finch` (?), n.
(Zoöl.) A British wagtail.
Cold"-heart`ed (?), a. Wanting
passion or feeling; indifferent.
-- Cold"-heart`ed*ness, n.
Cold"ish (?), a. Somewhat
cold; cool; chilly.
Cold"ly, adv. In a cold
manner; without warmth, animation, or feeling; with indifference;
calmly.
Withdraw unto some private place,
And reason coldly of your grievances.
Shak.
Cold"ness, n. The state or
quality of being cold.
Cold"-short` (?), a. Brittle
when cold; as, cold-short iron.
Cold"-shut` (?), a. (Metal.)
Closed while too cold to become thoroughly welded; -- said
of a forging or casting. -- n. An
imperfection caused by such insufficient welding.
Cole (?), n. [OE. col,
caul, AS. cawl, cawel, fr. L. caulis,
the stalk or stem of a plant, esp. a cabbage stalk, cabbage, akin
to Gr. &?;. Cf. Cauliflower, Kale.] (Bot.)
A plant of the Brassica or Cabbage genus; esp. that
form of B. oleracea called rape and
coleseed.
Co-leg`a*tee" (?), n. A joint
legatee.
Cole"goose` (?), n.
(Zoöl.) See Coalgoose.
Cole"man*ite (?), n. [From W.T.
Coleman of San Francisco.] (Min.) A hydrous
borate of lime occurring in transparent colorless or white
crystals, also massive, in Southern California.
Cole"mouse` (?), n.
(Zoöl.) See Coletit.
Co`le*op"ter (?), n.
(Zoöl.) One of the Coleoptera.
||Co`le*op"te*ra (?), n. pl. [NL.,
fr. Gr. &?; sheath-winged; &?; sheath + &?; wing.]
(Zoöl.) An order of insects having the anterior
pair of wings (elytra) hard and horny, and serving as coverings
for the posterior pair, which are membranous, and folded
transversely under the others when not in use. The mouth parts
form two pairs of jaws (mandibles and maxillæ) adapted for
chewing. Most of the Coleoptera are known as beetles and
weevils.
{ Co`le*op"ter*al (?), Co`le*op"ter*ous (?)
} a. [Gr. &?;.] (Zoöl.) Having
wings covered with a case or sheath; belonging to the
Coleoptera.
Co`le*op"ter*an (?), n.
(Zoöl.) One of the order of
Coleoptera.
Co`le*op"ter*ist, n. One
versed in the study of the Coleoptera.
||Co`le*o*rhi"za (?), n. [NL., fr.
Gr. &?; sheath + &?; root.] A sheath in the embryo of
grasses, inclosing the caulicle. Gray.
Cole"perch` (?), n.
(Zoöl.) A kind of small black perch.
Col"e*ra (?), n. [L.
cholera. See Choler.] Bile; choler.
[Obs.] Chaucer.
Cole*ridg"i*an (?), a.
Pertaining to Samuel Taylor Coleridge, or to his
poetry or metaphysics.
Cole"seed` (?), n. The common
rape or cole.
Cole"slaw` (?), n. [D. kool
slaa cabbage salad.] A salad made of sliced
cabbage.
Co`-les*see" (?), n. A partner
in a lease taken.
Co`-les*sor" (?), n. A partner
in giving a lease.
Cole"staff` (?), n. See
Colstaff.
{ Col"et (?), Col"let }[Corrupted fr.
acolyte.] An inferior church servant. [Obs.] See
Acolyte.
{ Cole"tit` or Coal"tit (?), }
n. (Zoöl.) A small European
titmouse (Parus ater), so named from its black color; --
called also coalmouse and colemouse.
||Co"le*us (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr.
&?; a sheath; -- referring to the manner in which the stamens are
united.] (Bot.) A plant of several species of the
Mint family, cultivated for its bright-colored or variegated
leaves.
Cole"wort` (?), n. [AS.
cawlwyrt; cawl cole + wyrt wort. Cf.
Collards.] 1. A variety of cabbage in
which the leaves never form a compact head.
2. Any white cabbage before the head has
become firm.
Col"fox` (?), n. A crafty
fox. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Col"ic (?), n. [F. colique, fr. L.
colicus sick with the colic, GR. &?;, fr. &?;, &?;, the colon.
The disease is so named from its being seated in or near the
colon. See Colon.] (Med.) A severe paroxysmal
pain in the abdomen, due to spasm, obstruction, or distention of
some one of the hollow viscera.
Hepatic colic, the severe pain produced
by the passage of a gallstone from the liver or gall bladder
through the bile duct. -- Intestinal
colic, or Ordinary colic, pain
due to distention of the intestines by gas. -- Lead
colic, Painter's colic, a violent
form of intestinal colic, associated with obstinate constipation,
produced by chronic lead poisoning. -- Renal
colic, the severe pain produced by the passage of a
calculus from the kidney through the ureter. -- Wind
colic. See Intestinal colic, above.
Col"ic, a. 1.
Of or pertaining to colic; affecting the bowels.
Milton.
2. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the
colon; as, the colic arteries.
Col"ic*al (?), a. Of,
pertaining to, or of the nature of, colic.
Swift.
Col"ick*y (?), a. Pertaining
to, or troubled with, colic; as, a colicky
disorder.
Col"ic*root` (?), n. A bitter
American herb of the Bloodwort family, with the leaves all
radical, and the small yellow or white flowers in a long spike
(Aletris farinosa and A. aurea). Called sometimes
star grass, blackroot, blazing star, and
unicorn root.
Col"in (?), n. [F. colin;
prop. a dim. of Colas, contr. fr. Nicolas
Nicholas.] (Zoöl.) The American quail or
bobwhite. The name is also applied to other related species. See
Bobwhite.
Col`i*se"um (?), n. [NL. (cf. It.
coliseo, colosseo), fr. L. colosseus
colossal, fr. colossus a colossus. See Colossus,
and cf. Colosseum.] The amphitheater of Vespasian at
Rome, the largest in the world. [Written also
Colosseum.]
||Co*li"tis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr.
&?; + -itis.] (Med.) An inflammation of the
large intestine, esp. of its mucous membrane;
colonitis.
Coll (?), v. t. [OF. coler,
fr. L. collum neck.] To embrace. [Obs.] "They
coll and kiss him." Latimer.
||Col*la`bo*ra*teur" (?), n. [F.]
See Collaborator.
Col*lab`o*ra"tion (?), n. The
act of working together; united labor.
Col*lab"o*ra`tor (?), n. [L.
collaborare to labor together; col- +
laborare to labor: cf. F. collaborateur.] An
associate in labor, especially in literary or scientific
labor.
Col"la*gen (?), n. [Gr.
ko`lla glue + -gen.] (Physiol. Chem.)
The chemical basis of ordinary connective tissue, as of
tendons or sinews and of bone. On being boiled in water it
becomes gelatin or glue.
Col*lag"e*nous (?), a.
(Physiol.) Containing or resembling
collagen.
Col*lapse" (?), v. i. [imp.
& p. p. Collapsed (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Collapsing] [L. collapsus, p. p. of
collabi to collapse; col- + labi to fall,
slide. See Lapse.] 1. To fall
together suddenly, as the sides of a hollow vessel; to close by
falling or shrinking together; to have the sides or parts of (a
thing) fall in together, or be crushed in together; as, a flue in
the boiler of a steam engine sometimes
collapses.
A balloon collapses when the gas escapes
from it.
Maunder.
2. To fail suddenly and completely, like
something hollow when subject to too much pressure; to undergo a
collapse; as, Maximilian's government collapsed soon after
the French army left Mexico; many financial projects
collapse after attaining some success and
importance.
Col*lapse" (?), n.
1. A falling together suddenly, as of the
sides of a hollow vessel.
2. A sudden and complete failure; an
utter failure of any kind; a breakdown. [Colloq.]
3. (Med.) Extreme depression or
sudden failing of all the vital powers, as the result of disease,
injury, or nervous disturbance.
Col*lap"sion (?), n. [L.
collapsio.] Collapse. [R.] Johnson.
Col"lar (?), n. [OE. coler,
coller, OF. colier, F. collier, necklace,
collar, fr. OF. col neck, F. cou, fr. L.
collum; akin to AS. heals, G. & Goth. hals.
Cf. Hals, n.] 1.
Something worn round the neck, whether for use, ornament,
restraint, or identification; as, the collar of a coat; a
lady's collar; the collar of a dog.
2. (Arch.) (a) A
ring or cincture. (b) A collar
beam.
3. (Bot.) The neck or line of
junction between the root of a plant and its stem.
Gray.
4. An ornament worn round the neck by
knights, having on it devices to designate their rank or
order.
5. (Zoöl.) (a)
A ringlike part of a mollusk in connection with
esophagus. (b) A colored ring round
the neck of a bird or mammal.
6. (Mech.) A ring or round flange
upon, surrounding, or against an object, and used for restraining
motion within given limits, or for holding something to its
place, or for hiding an opening around an object; as, a
collar on a shaft, used to prevent endwise motion of the
shaft; a collar surrounding a stovepipe at the place where
it enters a wall. The flanges of a piston and the gland of a
stuffing box are sometimes called collars.
7. (Naut.) An eye formed in the
bight or bend of a shroud or stay to go over the masthead; also,
a rope to which certain parts of rigging, as dead-eyes, are
secured.
8. (Mining) A curb, or a
horizontal timbering, around the mouth of a shaft.
Raymond.
Collar beam (Arch.), a horizontal
piece of timber connecting and tying together two opposite
rafters; -- also, called simply collar. --
Collar of brawn, the quantity of brawn
bound up in one parcel. [Eng.] Johnson. --
Collar day, a day of great ceremony at the
English court, when persons, who are dignitaries of honorary
orders, wear the collars of those orders. -- To slip
the collar, to get free; to disentangle one's self
from difficulty, labor, or engagement. Spenser.
Col"lar, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Collared (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Collaring.] 1. To seize
by the collar.
2. To put a collar on.
To collar beef (or other meat), to roll
it up, and bind it close with a string preparatory to cooking
it.
Col"lar bone` (?). (Anat.) The
clavicle.
Col"lards (?), n. pl. [Corrupted
fr. colewort.] Young cabbage, used as "greens"; esp.
a kind cultivated for that purpose; colewort. [Colloq.
Souther U. S.]
Col"lared (?), a.
1. Wearing a collar. "Collared
with gold." Chaucer.
2. (Her.) Wearing a collar; --
said of a man or beast used as a bearing when a collar is
represented as worn around the neck or loins.
3. Rolled up and bound close with a
string; as, collared beef. See To collar beef,
under Collar, v. t.
Col*lat"a*ble (?), a. Capable
of being collated. Coleridge.
Col*late" (?), v. t. [imp.
& p. p. Collated; p. pr. & vb.
n. Collating.] [From Collation.]
1. To compare critically, as books or
manuscripts, in order to note the points of agreement or
disagreement.
I must collage it, word, with the original
Hebrew.
Coleridge.
2. To gather and place in order, as the
sheets of a book for binding.
3. (Eccl.) To present and
institute in a benefice, when the person presenting is both the
patron and the ordinary; -- followed by to.
4. To bestow or confer. [Obs.]
Jer. Taylor.
Col*late", v. i. (Ecl.)
To place in a benefice, when the person placing is both the
patron and the ordinary.
If the bishop neglets to collate within six
months, the right to do it devolves on the archbishop.
Encyc. Brit.
Col*lat"er*al (?), a. [LL.
collateralis; col- + lateralis lateral. See
Lateral.] 1. Coming from, being on,
or directed toward, the side; as, collateral
pressure. "Collateral light." Shak.
2. Acting in an indirect way.
If by direct or by collateral hand
They find us touched, we will our kingdom give . . .
To you in satisfaction.
Shak.
3. Related to, but not strictly a part
of, the main thing or matter under consideration; hence,
subordinate; not chief or principal; as, collateral
interest; collateral issues.
That he [Attebury] was altogether in the wrong on
the main question, and on all the collateral questions
springing out of it, . . . is true.
Macaulay.
4. Tending toward the same conclusion or
result as something else; additional; as, collateral
evidence.
Yet the attempt may give
Collateral interest to this homely tale.
Wordsworth.
5. (Genealogy) Descending from the
same stock or ancestor, but not in the same line or branch or one
from the other; -- opposed to lineal.
&fist; Lineal descendants proceed one from another in a
direct line; collateral relations spring from a common
ancestor, but from different branches of that common
stirps or stock. Thus the children of brothers are
collateral relations, having different fathers, but a
common grandfather. Blackstone.
Collateral assurance, that which is
made, over and above the deed itself. -- Collateral
circulation (Med. & Physiol.), circulation
established through indirect or subordinate branches when the
supply through the main vessel is obstructed. --
Collateral issue. (Law)
(a) An issue taken upon a matter aside from
the merits of the case. (b) An issue
raised by a criminal convict who pleads any matter allowed by law
in bar of execution, as pardon, diversity of person, etc.
(c) A point raised, on cross-examination,
aside from the issue fixed by the pleadings, as to which the
answer of the witness, when given, cannot subsequently be
contradicted by the party asking the question. --
Collateral security, security for the
performance of covenants, or the payment of money, besides the
principal security,
Col*lat"er*al (?), n.
1. A collateral relative.
Ayliffe.
2. Collateral security; that which is
pledged or deposited as collateral security.
Col*lat"er*al*ly, adv.
1. Side by side; by the side.
These pulleys . . . placed
collaterally.
Bp. Wilkins.
2. In an indirect or subordinate manner;
indirectly.
The will hath force upon the conscience
collaterally and indirectly.
Jer. Taylor.
3. In collateral relation; not
lineally.
Col*lat"er*al*ness, n. The
state of being collateral.
Col*la"tion (?), n. [OE.
collacioun speech, conference, reflection, OF.
collacion, F. collation, fr. L. collatio a
bringing together, comparing, fr. collatum (used as the
supine of conferre); col- + latium (used as
the supine of ferre to bear), for tlatum. See
Tolerate, v. t.] 1.
The act of collating or comparing; a comparison of one copy
er thing (as of a book, or manuscript) with another of a like
kind; comparison, in general. Pope.
2. (Print.) The gathering and
examination of sheets preparatory to binding.
3. The act of conferring or
bestowing. [Obs.]
Not by the collation of the king . . . but
by the people.
Bacon.
4. A conference. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
5. (Eccl. Law) The presentation of
a clergyman to a benefice by a bishop, who has it in his own
gift.
6. (Law) (a) The
act of comparing the copy of any paper with its original to
ascertain its conformity. (b) The
report of the act made by the proper officers.
7. (Scots Law) The right which an
heir has of throwing the whole heritable and movable estates of
the deceased into one mass, and sharing it equally with others
who are of the same degree of kindred.
&fist; This also obtains in the civil law, and is found in the
code of Louisiana. Bouvier.
8. (Eccles.) A collection of the
Lives of the Fathers or other devout work read daily in
monasteries.
9. A light repast or luncheon; as, a cold
collation; -- first applied to the refreshment on fast
days that accompanied the reading of the collation in
monasteries.
A collation of wine and sweetmeats.
Whiston.
Collation of seals (Old Law), a
method of ascertaining the genuinendss of a$seal by'compariog it
with another known to be genuine. Bouvier.
Col*la"tion, v. i. To partake
of a collation. [Obs.]
May 20, 1658, I . . . collationed in Spring
Garden.
Evelyn.
Col*la"tion*er (?), n.
(Print.) One who examines the sheets of a book that
has just been printed, to ascertain whether they are correctly
printed, paged, etc. [Eng.]
Col`la*ti"tious (?), a. [L.
collatitius. See Collation.] Brought together;
contributed; done by contributions. [Obs.]
Bailey.
Col*la"tive (?), a. [L.
collativus brought together. ] Passing or held by
collation; -- said of livings of which the bishop and the patron
are the same person.
Col*la"tor (?), n. [L.]
1. One who collates manuscripts, books,
etc. Addison.
2. (Eccl. Law) One who collates to
a benefice.
3. One who confers any benefit.
[Obs.] Feltham.
Col*laud" (?), v. t. [L.
collaudare; col- + laudare to praise.]
To join in praising. [Obs.] Howell.
Col"league (k&obreve;l"lēg),
n. [F. collègue, L.
collega one chosen at the same time with another, a
partner in office; col- + legare to send or choose
as deputy. See Legate.] A partner or associate in
some civil or ecclesiastical office or employment. It is never
used of partners in trade or manufactures.
Syn. -- Helper; assistant; coadjutor; ally; associate;
companion; confederate.
Col*league" (k&obreve;l*lēg"), v. t. &
i. To unite or associate with another or with
others. [R.] Shak.
Col"league*ship, n.
Partnership in office. Milton.
Col*lect" (?), v. t. [imp.
& p. p. Collected; p. pr. & vb.
n. Collecting.] [L. collecrus, p.
p. of collerige to bind together; col- +
legere to gather: cf. OF. collecter. See
Legend, and cf. Coil, v. t.,
Cull, v. t.] 1. To
gather into one body or place; to assemble or bring together; to
obtain by gathering.
A band of men
Collected choicely from each country.
Shak.
'Tis memory alone that enriches the mind, by
preserving what our labor and industry daily collect.
Watts.
2. To demand and obtain payment of, as an
account, or other indebtedness; as, to collect
taxes.
3. To infer from observed facts; to
conclude from premises. [Archaic.] Shak.
Which sequence, I conceive, is very ill
collected.
Locke.
To collect one's self, to recover from
surprise, embarrassment, or fear; to regain self-
control.
Syn. -- To gather; assemble; congregate; muster;
accumulate; garner; aggregate; amass; infer; deduce.
Col*lect", v. i. 1.
To assemble together; as, the people collected in a
crowd; to accumulate; as, snow collects in
banks.
2. To infer; to conclude.
[Archaic]
Whence some collect that the former word
imports a plurality of persons.
South.
Col"lect, n. [LL. collecta,
fr. L. collecta a collection in money; an assemblage, fr.
collerige: cf. F. collecte. See Collect,
v. t.] A short, comprehensive prayer,
adapted to a particular day, occasion, or condition, and forming
part of a liturgy.
The noble poem on the massacres of Piedmont is
strictly a collect in verse.
Macaulay.
||Col`lec*ta"ne*a (?), n. pl.
[Neut. pl. from L. collectaneus collected, fr.
colligere. See Collect, v. t.]
Passages selected from various authors, usually for purposes
of instruction; miscellany; anthology.
Col*lect"ed (?), a.
1. Gathered together.
2. Self-possessed; calm;
composed.
Col*lect"ed*ly, adv.
Composedly; coolly.
Col*lect"ed*ness, n. A
collected state of the mind; self-possession.
Col*lect"i*ble (?), a. Capable
of being collected.
Col*lec"tion (?), n. [L.
collectio: cf. F. collection.] 1.
The act or process of collecting or of gathering; as, the
collection of specimens.
2. That which is collected; as:
(a) A gathering or assemblage of objects or
of persons. "A collection of letters."
Macaulay. (b) A gathering of money
for charitable or other purposes, as by passing a contribution
box for freewill offerings. "The collection for the
saints." 1 Cor. xvi. 1 (c) (Usually in
pl.) That which is obtained in payment of demands.
(d) An accumulation of any substance.
"Collections of moisture." Whewell. "A purulent
collection." Dunglison.
3. The act of inferring or concluding
from premises or observed facts; also, that which is
inferred. [Obs.]
We may safely say thus, that wrong
collections have been hitherto made out of those words by
modern divines.
Milton.
4. The jurisdiction of a collector of
excise. [Eng.]
Syn. -- Gathering; assembly; assemblage; group; crowd;
congregation; mass; heap; compilation.
Col*lec"tion*al (-al), a.
Of or pertaining to collecting.
The first twenty-five [years] must have been
wasted for collectional purposes.
H. A. Merewether.
Col*lect"ive (?), a. [L.
collectivus: cf. F. collectif.] 1.
Formed by gathering or collecting; gathered into a mass,
sum, or body; congregated or aggregated; as, the
collective body of a nation. Bp.
Hoadley.
2. Deducing consequences; reasoning;
inferring. [Obs.] "Critical and collective reason."
Sir T. Browne.
3. (Gram.) Expressing a collection
or aggregate of individuals, by a singular form; as, a
collective name or noun, like assembly,
army, jury, etc.
4. Tending to collect; forming a
collection.
Local is his throne . . . to fix a point,
A central point, collective of his sons.
Young.
5. Having plurality of origin or
authority; as, in diplomacy, a note signed by the representatives
of several governments is called a collective
note.
Collective fruit (Bot.), that
which is formed from a mass of flowers, as the mulberry,
pineapple, and the like; -- called also multiple
fruit. Gray.
Col*lect"ive, n. (Gram.)
A collective noun or name.
Col*lect"ive*ly, adv. In a
mass, or body; in a collected state; in the aggregate;
unitedly.
Col*lect"ive*ness, n. A state
of union; mass.
Col*lect"iv*ism (?), n. [Cf. F.
collectivisme.] (Polit. Econ.) The doctrine
that land and capital should be owned by society collectively or
as a whole; communism. W. G. Summer.
Col*lect"iv*ist, n. [Cf. F.
collectiviste.] An advocate of collectivism. --
a. Relating to, or characteristic of,
collectivism.
Col*lect"or (?), n. [LL.
collector one who collects: cf. F. collecteur.]
1. One who collects things which are
separate; esp., one who makes a business or practice of
collecting works of art, objects in natural history, etc.; as, a
collector of coins.
I digress into Soho to explore a bookstall.
Methinks I have been thirty years a collector.
Lamb.
2. A compiler of books; one who collects
scattered passages and puts them together in one book.
Volumes without the collector's own
reflections.
Addison.
3. (Com.) An officer appointed and
commissioned to collect and receive customs, duties, taxes, or
toll.
A great part of this is now embezzled . . . by
collectors, and other officers.
Sir W. Temple.
4. One authorized to collect
debts.
5. A bachelor of arts in Oxford, formerly
appointed to superintend some scholastic proceedings in
Lent. Todd.
Col*lect"or*ate (?), n. The
district of a collector of customs; a collectorship.
Col*lect"or*ship, n. The
office of a collector of customs or of taxes.
Col*leg"a*ta*ry (?), n. [L.
collegetarius. See Legatary.] (Law) A
joint legatee.
Col"lege (?), n. [F.
collège, L. collegium, fr. collega
colleague. See Colleague.] 1. A
collection, body, or society of persons engaged in common
pursuits, or having common duties and interests, and sometimes,
by charter, peculiar rights and privileges; as, a college
of heralds; a college of electors; a college of
bishops.
The college of the cardinals.
Shak.
Then they made colleges of sufferers;
persons who, to secure their inheritance in the world to come,
did cut off all their portion in this.
Jer. Taylor.
2. A society of scholars or friends of
learning, incorporated for study or instruction, esp. in the
higher branches of knowledge; as, the colleges of Oxford
and Cambridge Universities, and many American
colleges.
&fist; In France and some other parts of continental Europe,
college is used to include schools occupied with
rudimentary studies, and receiving children as pupils.
3. A building, or number of buildings,
used by a college. "The gate of Trinity College."
Macaulay.
4. Fig.: A community. [R.]
Thick as the college of the bees in
May.
Dryden.
College of justice, a term applied in
Scotland to the supreme civil courts and their principal
officers. -- The sacred college, the
college or cardinals at Rome.
Col*le"gi*al (?), n. [LL.
collegialis.] Collegiate. [R.]
Col*le"gi*an (?), n. A member
of a college, particularly of a literary institution so called; a
student in a college.
Col*le"gi*ate (?), a. [L.
collegiatus.] Of or pertaining to a college; as,
collegiate studies; a collegiate society.
Johnson.
Collegiate church. (a) A
church which, although not a bishop's seat, resembles a cathedral
in having a college, or chapter of canons (and, in the
Church of England, a dean), as Westminster Abbey.
(b) An association of churches, possessing
common revenues and administered under the joint pastorate of
several ministers; as, the Reformed (Dutch) Collegiate
Church of New York.
Col*le"gi*ate, n. A member of
a college. Burton.
||Col*lem"bo*la (?), n. pl. [NL.,
fr. Gr. ko`lla glue + 'e`mbolon wedge, peg;
-- so called from their having collophores.] (Zoöl.)
The division of Thysanura which includes Podura, and
allied forms.
||Col*len"chy*ma (?), n. [NL., fr.
Gr. ko`lla glue + &?; an infusion. Formed like
parenchyma.] (Bot.) A tissue of vegetable
cells which are thickend at the angles and (usually)
elongated.
Col"let (?), n. [F. collet,
dim. fr. L. collum neck. See Collar.]
1. A small collar or neckband.
Foxe.
2. (Mech.) A small metal ring; a
small collar fastened on an arbor; as, the collet on the
balance arbor of a watch; a small socket on a stem, for holding a
drill.
3. (Jewelry) (a)
The part of a ring containing the bezel in which the stone
is set. (b) The flat table at the base
of a brilliant. See Illust. of Brilliant.
How full the collet with his jewel is!
Cowley.
Col`le*te"ri*al (?), a.
(Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to the colleterium of
insects. R. Owen.
||Col`le*te"ri*um (?), n. [NL. See
Colletic.] (Zoöl.) An organ of female
insects, containing a cement to unite the ejected ova.
Col*let"ic (?), a. [L.
colleticus suitable for gluing, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to glue,
ko`lla glue.] Agglutinant. --
n. An agglutinant.
Col"ley (?), n. See
Collie.
Col*lide" (?), v. i. [L.
collidere, collisum; col- + laedere
to strike. See Lesion.] To strike or dash against
each other; to come into collision; to clash; as, the vessels
collided; their interests collided.
Across this space the attraction urges them. They
collide, they recoil, they oscillate.
Tyndall.
No longer rocking and swaying, but clashing and
colliding.
Carlyle.
Col*lide", v. t. To strike or
dash against. [Obs.]
Scintillations are . . . inflammable effluencies
from the bodies collided.
Sir T. Browne.
Col"li*dine (?), n. [Gr.
ko`lla glue.] (Chem.) One of a class of
organic bases, C8H11N, usually pungent oily
liquids, belonging to the pyridine series, and obtained from bone
oil, coal tar, naphtha, and certain alkaloids.
Col"lie (?), n. [Gael.
cuilean whelp, puppy, dog.] (Zoöl.) The
Scotch shepherd dog. There are two breeds, the rough-haired and
smooth-haired. It is remarkable for its intelligence, displayed
especially in caring for flocks. [Written also
colly, colley.]
Col"lied (?), p. & a.
Darkened. See Colly, v.
t.
Col"lier (?), n. [OE.
colier. See Coal.] 1. One
engaged in the business of digging mineral coal or making
charcoal, or in transporting or dealing in coal.
2. A vessel employed in the coal
trade.
Col"lier*y (?), n.; pl.
Collieries (#). [Cf. Coalery,
Collier.] 1. The place where coal is
dug; a coal mine, and the buildings, etc., belonging to
it.
2. The coal trade. [Obs.]
Johnson.
Col"li*flow`er (?), n. See
Cauliflower.
Col"li*gate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Colligated; p. pr.
& vb. n. Colligating.] [L. colligatus,
p. p. of colligare to collect; co- + ligare
to bind.] 1. To tie or bind
together.
The pieces of isinglass are colligated in
rows.
Nicholson.
2. (Logic) To bring together by
colligation; to sum up in a single proposition.
He had discovered and colligated a
multitude of the most wonderful . . . phenomena.
Tundall.
Col"li*gate, a. Bound
together.
Col`li*ga"tion (?), n. [L.
colligatio.] 1. A binding
together. Sir T. Browne.
2. (Logic) That process by which a
number of isolated facts are brought under one conception, or
summed up in a general proposition, as when Kepler discovered
that the various observed positions of the planet Mars were
points in an ellipse. "The colligation of facts."
Whewell.
Colligation is not always induction, but
induction is always colligation.
J. S. Mill.
Col"li*mate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Collimated; p. p.
& vb. n. Collimating.] [See Collimation.]
(Physics & Astron.) To render parallel to a certain
line or direction; to bring into the same line, as the axes of
telescopes, etc.; to render parallel, as rays of light.
Collimating eyepiece, an eyepiece with a
diagonal reflector for illumination, used to determine the error
of collimation in a transit instrument by observing the image of
a cross wire reflected from mercury, and comparing its position
in the field with that of the same wire seen directly. --
Collimating lens (Optics), a lens
used for producing parallel rays of light.
Col`li*ma"tion (?), n. [Cf. F.
collimation, fr. a false reading (collimare) for L.
collineare to direct in a straight line; col- +
linea line. Cf. Collineation.] The act of
collimating; the adjustment of the line of the sights, as the
axial line of the telescope of an instrument, into its proper
position relative to the other parts of the instrument.
Error of collimation, the deviation of
the line collimation of an astronomical instrument from the
position it ought to have with respect to the axis of motion of
the instrument. -- Line of collimation,
the axial line of the telescope of an astronomical or
geodetic instrument, or the line which passes through the optical
center of the object glass and the intersection of the cross
wires at its focus.
Col"li*ma`tor (?), n.
1. (Astron.) A telescope arranged and
used to determine errors of collimation, both vertical and
horizontal. Nichol.
2. (Optics) A tube having a convex
lens at one end and at the other a small opening or slit which is
at the principal focus of the lens, used for producing a beam of
parallel rays; also, a lens so used.
Col"lin (?), n. [Gr.
ko`lla glue.] A very pure form of
gelatin.
Col"line (?), n. [F.
colline, fr. L. collis a hill.] A small hill
or mount. [Obs.]
And watered park, full of fine collines and
ponds.
Evelyn.
Col*lin`e*a"tion (?), n. [L.
collineare to direct in a straight line. See
Collimation.] The act of aiming at, or directing in a
line with, a fixed object. [R.] Johnson.
Coll"ing (?), n. [From Coll,
v. t.] An embrace; dalliance. [Obs.]
Halliwell.
Coll"ing*ly, adv. With
embraces. [Obs.] Gascoigne.
Col*lin"gual (?), a. Having,
or pertaining to, the same language.
Col*liq"ua*ble (?), a. Liable
to melt, grow soft, or become fluid. [Obs.]
Harvey.
Col*liq"ua*ment (?), n. The
first rudiments of an embryo in generation. Dr. H.
More.
Col"li*quate (?), v. t. & i.
[imp. & p. p. Colliquated; p.
pr. & vb. n. Colliquating.] [Pref. col- +
L. liquare, liquatum, to melt.] To change from
solid to fluid; to make or become liquid; to melt.
[Obs.]
The ore of it is colliquated by the
violence of the fire.
Boyle.
[Ice] will colliquate in water or warm
oil.
Sir T. Browne.
Col`li*qua"tion (?), n.
1. A melting together; the act of melting;
fusion.
When sand and ashes are well melted together and
suffered to cool, there is generated, by the colliquation,
that sort of concretion we call "glass".
Boyle.
2. (Med.) A processive wasting or
melting away of the solid parts of the animal system with copious
excretions of liquids by one or more passages. [Obs.]
Col*liq"ua*tive (?), a.
Causing rapid waste or exhaustion; melting; as,
colliquative sweats.
Col*liq`ue*fac"tion (?), n. [L.
colliquefactus melted; col- + liquefacere;
liquēre to be liquid + facere to make.]
A melting together; the reduction of different bodies into
one mass by fusion.
The incorporation of metals by simple
colliquefaction.
Bacon.
Col"lish (?), n.
(Shoemaking) A tool to polish the edge of a
sole. Knight.
Col*li"sion (?), n. [L.
collisio, fr. collidere. See Collide.]
1. The act of striking together; a striking
together, as of two hard bodies; a violent meeting, as of
railroad trains; a clashing.
2. A state of opposition; antagonism;
interference.
The collision of contrary false
principles.
Bp. Warburton.
Sensitive to the most trifling
collisions.
W. Irving.
Syn. -- Conflict; clashing; encounter; opposition.
Col*li"sive (?), a. Colliding;
clashing. [Obs.]
Col*lit"i*gant (?), a.
Disputing or wrangling. [Obs.] -- n.
One who litigates or wrangles. [Obs.]
Col"lo*cate (?), a. [L.
collocatus, p. p. of collocare. See Couch.]
Set; placed. [Obs.] Bacon.
Col"lo*cate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Collocated (?); p.
pr. & vb. n. Collocating (?).] To set or
place; to set; to station.
To marshal and collocate in order his
battalions.
E. Hall.
Col`lo*ca"tion (?), n. [L.
collocatio.] The act of placing; the state of being
placed with something else; disposition in place;
arrangement.
The choice and collocation of words.
Sir W. Jones.
Col`lo*cu"tion (?), n. [L.
collocutio, fr. colloqui, -locutum, to
converse; col- + loqui to speak. See
Loquacious.] A speaking or conversing together;
conference; mutual discourse. Bailey.
Col"lo*cu`tor (?), n. [L.
collocutor] One of the speakers in a dialogue.
Derham.
Col*lo"di*on (?), n. [Gr. &?; like
glue; ko`lla glue + &?; form. Cf. Colloid.]
(Chem.) A solution of pyroxylin (soluble gun cotton)
in ether containing a varying proportion of alcohol. It is
strongly adhesive, and is used by surgeons as a coating for
wounds; but its chief application is as a vehicle for the
sensitive film in photography.
Collodion process (Photog.), a
process in which a film of sensitized collodion is used in
preparing the plate for taking a picture. -- Styptic
collodion, collodion containing an astringent, as
tannin.
Col*lo"di*on*ize (?), v. t. To
prepare or treat with collodion. R. Hunt.
Col*lo"di*o*type (?), n. A
picture obtained by the collodion process; a melanotype or
ambrotype.
Col*lo"di*um (?), n. See
Collodion.
Col*logue" (?), v. i. [Cf. L.
colloqui and E. dialogue. Cf. Collocution.]
To talk or confer secretly and confidentially; to converse,
especially with evil intentions; to plot mischief. [Archaic
or Colloq.]
Pray go in; and, sister, salve the matter,
Collogue with her again, and all shall be well.
Greene.
He had been colloguing with my wife.
Thackeray.
Col"loid (?), a. [Gr.
ko`lla glue + -oid. Cf. Collodion.]
Resembling glue or jelly; characterized by a jellylike
appearance; gelatinous; as, colloid tumors.
Col"loid (?), n. 1.
(Physiol. Chem.) A substance (as albumin, gum,
gelatin, etc.) which is of a gelatinous rather than a crystalline
nature, and which diffuses itself through animal membranes or
vegetable parchment more slowly than crystalloids do; -- opposed
to crystalloid.
2. (Med.) A gelatinous substance
found in colloid degeneration and colloid cancer.
Styptic colloid (Med.), a
preparation of astringent and antiseptic substances with some
colloid material, as collodion, for ready use.
Col*loid"al (?), a. Pertaining
to, or of the nature of, colloids.
Col`loi*dal"i*ty (?), n. The
state or quality of being colloidal.
Col"lop (?), n. [Of uncertain
origin; cf. OF. colp blow, stroke, piece, F. coup,
fr. L. colophus buffet, cuff, Gr. &?;] [Written also
colp.] 1. A small slice of meat; a
piece of flesh.
God knows thou art a collop of my
flesh.
Shak.
Sweetbread and collops were with skewers
pricked.
Dryden.
2. A part or piece of anything; a
portion.
Cut two good collops out of the crown
land.
Fuller.
Col"loped (?), a. Having
ridges or bunches of flesh, like collops.
With that red, gaunt, and colloped neck
astrain.
R. Browning.
Col"lo*phore (?), n. [Gr.
ko`lla glue + &?; to bear.] (Zoöl.)
(a) A suckerlike organ at the base of the
abdomen of insects belonging to the Collembola.
(b) An adhesive marginal organ of the
Lucernariae.
Col*lo"qui*al (?), a. [See
Colloqui.] Pertaining to, or used in, conversation,
esp. common and familiar conversation; conversational; hence,
unstudied; informal; as, colloquial intercourse;
colloquial phrases; a colloquial style. --
Col*lo"qui*al*ly, adv.
His [Johnson's] colloquial talents were,
indeed, of the highest order.
Macaulay.
Col*lo"qui*al*ism (?), n. A
colloquial expression, not employed in formal discourse or
writing.
Col*lo"qui*al*ize (?), v. t.
To make colloquial and familiar; as, to colloquialize
one's style of writing.
Col"lo*quist (?), n. A speaker
in a colloquy or dialogue. Malone.
Col"lo*quy (?), n.; pl.
Colloquies (#). [L. colloquium. See
Collocution.] 1. Mutual discourse of
two or more persons; conference; conversation.
They went to Worms, to the colloquy there
about religion.
A. Wood.
2. In some American colleges, a part in
exhibitions, assigned for a certain scholarship rank; a
designation of rank in collegiate scholarship.
Col"low (?), n. Soot; smut.
See 1st Colly. [Obs.]
Col*luc"tan*cy (?), n. [L.
colluctari to struggle with.] A struggling to resist;
a striving against; resistance; opposition of nature.
[Obs.]
Col`luc*ta"tion (?), n. [L.
colluctatio, fr. colluctari to struggle with;
col- + luctari to struggle.] A struggling; a
contention. [Obs.]
Colluctation with old hags and
hobgoblins.
Dr. H. More.
Col*lude" (?), v. i. [imp.
& p. p. Colluded; p. pr. & vb.
n. Colluding.] [L. colludere, -
lusum; col- + ludere to play. See
Ludicrous.] To have secretly a joint part or share in
an action; to play into each other's hands; to conspire; to act
in concert.
If they let things take their course, they will be
represented as colluding with sedition.
Burke.
Col*lud"er (?), n. One who
conspires in a fraud.
||Col"lum (?), n.; pl.
Colla (#). [L., neck.]
1. (Anat.) A neck or cervix.
Dunglison.
2. (Bot.) Same as
Collar. Gray.
Col*lu"sion (?), n. [L.
collusio: cf. F. collusion. See Collude.]
1. A secret agreement and cooperation for a
fraudulent or deceitful purpose; a playing into each other's
hands; deceit; fraud; cunning.
The foxe, maister of collusion.
Spenser.
That they [miracles] be done publicly, in the face
of the world, that there may be no room to suspect artifice and
collusion.
Atterbury.
By the ignorance of the merchants or dishonesty of
the weavers, or the collusion of both, the ware was bad
and the price excessive.
Swift.
2. (Law) An agreement between two
or more persons to defraud a person of his rights, by the forms
of law, or to obtain an object forbidden by law.
Bouvier. Abbott.
Syn. -- Collusion, Connivance. A person
who is guilty of connivance intentionally overlooks, and
thus sanctions what he was bound to prevent. A person who is
guilty of collusion unites with others (playing into their
hands) for fraudulent purposes.
Col*lu"sive (?), a.
1. Characterized by collusion; done or
planned in collusion. "Collusive and sophistical
arguings." J. Trapp. "Collusive divorces."
Strype.
2. Acting in collusion.
"Collusive parties." Burke.
-- Col*lu"sive*ly, adv. --
Col*lu"sive*ness, n.
Col*lu"so*ry (?), a. [L.
collusorius.] Collusive.
Col"lu*to*ry (?), n. [L.
colluere, collutum, to wash.] (Med.) A
medicated wash for the mouth.
Col"ly (?), n. [From Coal.]
The black grime or soot of coal. [Obs.]
Burton.
Col"ly, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Collied (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Collying.] To render black or dark, as
of with coal smut; to begrime. [Archaic.]
Thou hast not collied thy face enough.
B. Jonson.
Brief as the lighting in the collied
night.
Shak.
Col"ly (?), n. A kind of dog.
See Collie.
Col"ly*bist (?), n. [Gr. &?;, fr.
&?; a small coin.] A money changer. [Obs.]
In the face of these guilty collybists.
Bp. Hall.
Col*lyr"i*um (?), n.; pl. E.
Collyriums (#), L. Collyria
(#). [L., fr. Gr. &?;.] (Med.) An application to the
eye, usually an eyewater.
||Col`o*co"lo (?), n.
(Zoöl.) A South American wild cat (Felis
colocolo), of the size of the ocelot.
Col"ocynth (?), n. [L.
colocynthis, Gr. &?;. Cf. Coloquintida.]
(Med.) The light spongy pulp of the fruit of the
bitter cucumber (Citrullus, or Cucumis, colocynthis), an
Asiatic plant allied to the watermelon; coloquintida. It comes in
white balls, is intensely bitter, and a powerful cathartic.
Called also bitter apple, bitter cucumber,
bitter gourd.
Col`o*cyn"thin (?), n. [Cf. F.
colocynthine.] (Chem.) The active medicinal
principle of colocynth; a bitter, yellow, crystalline substance,
regarded as a glucoside.
Co*logne" (?), n. [Originally made
in Cologne, the French name of Köln, a city in
Germany.] A perfumed liquid, composed of alcohol and certain
aromatic oils, used in the toilet; -- called also cologne
water and eau de cologne.
Co*logne" earth` (?). [From Cologne the city.]
(Min.) An earth of a deep brown color, containing
more vegetable than mineral matter; an earthy variety of lignite,
or brown coal.
Col"om*bier (?), n. [F.] A
large size of paper for drawings. See under
Paper.
Co*lom"bin (?), n. (Chem.)
See Calumbin.
Co*lom"bo (?), n. (Med.)
See Calumba.
Co"lon (?), n. [L. colon,
colum, limb, member, the largest of the intestines, fr.
Gr. &?;, and in sense of the intestine, &?;: cf. F. colon.
Cf. Colic.] 1. (Anat.) That
part of the large intestines which extends from the cæcum
to the rectum. [See Illust of Digestion.]
2. (Gram.) A point or character,
formed thus [:], used to separate parts of a sentence that are
complete in themselves and nearly independent, often taking the
place of a conjunction.
Colo"nel (?), n. [F.
colonel, It. colonello, prop., the chief or
commander of a column, fr. colonna column, L.
columna. See Column.] (Mil.) The chief
officer of a regiment; an officer ranking next above a lieutenant
colonel and next below a brigadier general.
Colo"nel*cy (?), n. (Mil.)
The office, rank, or commission of a colonel.
Colo"nel*ship, n.
Colonelcy. Swift.
Col"o*ner (?), n. A
colonist. [Obs.] Holland
Co*lo"ni*al (?), a. [Cf. F.
colonial.] Of or pertaining to a colony; as,
colonial rights, traffic, wars.
Co*lon"i*cal (?), a. [L.
colonus husbandman.] Of or pertaining to
husbandmen. [Obs.]
Col"o*nist (?), n. A member or
inhabitant of a colony.
||Col`o*ni"tis (?), n.
(Med.) See Colitis.
Col`o*ni*za"tion (?), n. [Cf. F.
colonisation.] The act of colonizing, or the state of
being colonized; the formation of a colony or colonies.
The wide continent of America invited
colonization.
Bancroft.
Col`o*ni*za"tion*ist, n. A
friend to colonization, esp. (U. S. Hist) to the colonization of
Africa by emigrants from the colored population of the United
States.
Col"o*nize (?), v. t. [imp.
& p. p. Colonized (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Colonizing.] [Cf. F. coloniser.]
To plant or establish a colony or colonies in; to people
with colonists; to migrate to and settle in.
Bacon.
They that would thus colonize the stars
with inhabitants.
Howell.
Col"o*nize, v. i. To remove
to, and settle in, a distant country; to make a colony.
C. Buchanan.
Col"o*ni`zer (?), n. One who
promotes or establishes a colony; a colonist.
Bancroft.
Col`on*nade" (?), n. [F.
colonnade, It. colonnata, fr. colonna
column. See Colonel.] (Arch.) A series or
range of columns placed at regular intervals with all the
adjuncts, as entablature, stylobate, roof, etc.
&fist; When in front of a building, it is called a
portico; when surrounding a building or an open court or
square, a peristyle.
Col"o*ny (?), n.; pl.
Colonies (#). [L. colonia, fr.
colonus farmer, fr. colere to cultivate, dwell: cf.
F. colonie. Cf. Culture.] 1. A
company of people transplanted from their mother country to a
remote province or country, and remaining subject to the
jurisdiction of the parent state; as, the British colonies
in America.
The first settlers of New England were the best of
Englishmen, well educated, devout Christians, and zealous lovers
of liberty. There was never a colony formed of better
materials.
Ames.
2. The district or country colonized; a
settlement.
3. A company of persons from the same
country sojourning in a foreign city or land; as, the American
colony in Paris.
4. (Nat. Hist.) A number of
animals or plants living or growing together, beyond their usual
range.
Col"o*pha`ny (? or ?), n. See
Colophony.
Co"lo*phene (? or ?), n.
(Chem.) A colorless, oily liquid, formerly obtained
by distillation of colophony. It is regarded as a polymeric form
of terebenthene. Called also diterebene.
Col"o*phon (k&obreve;l"&osl;*f&obreve;n),
n. [L. colophon finishing stroke, Gr.
kolofw`n; cf. L. culmen top, collis
hill. Cf. Holm.] An inscription, monogram, or cipher,
containing the place and date of publication, printer's name,
etc., formerly placed on the last page of a book.
The colophon, or final description, fell
into disuse, and . . . the title page had become the principal
direct means of identifying the book.
De Morgan.
The book was uninjured from title page to
colophon.
Sir W. Scott.
Col"o*pho*nite (k&obreve;l"&osl;*f&osl;*nīt
or k&osl;*l&obreve;f"&osl;*nīt),
n. [Cf. F. colophonite. So named from
its resemblance to the color of colophony.] (Min.)
A coarsely granular variety of garnet.
Col"o*pho`ny (k&obreve;l"&osl;*fō*n&ybreve;
or k&osl;*l&obreve;f"&osl;*n&ybreve;; 277),
n. [Gr. 'h kolofwni`a (sc.
"rhti`nh resin, gum) resin, fr. Kolofw`nios
of or from Colophon in Ionia.] Rosin.
Col`o*quin"ti*da (?), n. See
Colocynth. Shak.
Col"or (?), n. [Written also
colour.] [OF. color, colur, colour,
F. couleur, L. color; prob. akin to celare
to conceal (the color taken as that which covers). See
Helmet.] 1. A property depending on
the relations of light to the eye, by which individual and
specific differences in the hues and tints of objects are
apprehended in vision; as, gay colors; sad colors,
etc.
&fist; The sensation of color depends upon a peculiar
function of the retina or optic nerve, in consequence of which
rays of light produce different effects according to the length
of their waves or undulations, waves of a certain length
producing the sensation of red, shorter waves green, and those
still shorter blue, etc. White, or ordinary, light consists of
waves of various lengths so blended as to produce no effect of
color, and the color of objects depends upon their power
to absorb or reflect a greater or less proportion of the rays
which fall upon them.
2. Any hue distinguished from white or
black.
3. The hue or color characteristic of
good health and spirits; ruddy complexion.
Give color to my pale cheek.
Shak.
4. That which is used to give color; a
paint; a pigment; as, oil colors or water
colors.
5. That which covers or hides the real
character of anything; semblance; excuse; disguise;
appearance.
They had let down the boat into the sea, under
color as though they would have cast anchors out of the
foreship.
Acts xxvii. 30.
That he should die is worthy policy;
But yet we want a color for his death.
Shak.
6. Shade or variety of character; kind;
species.
Boys and women are for the most part cattle of
this color.
Shak.
7. A distinguishing badge, as a flag or
similar symbol (usually in the plural); as, the colors or
color of a ship or regiment; the colors of a race
horse (that is, of the cap and jacket worn by the
jockey).
In the United States each regiment of infantry and
artillery has two colors, one national and one
regimental.
Farrow.
8. (Law) An apparent right; as
where the defendant in trespass gave to the plaintiff an
appearance of title, by stating his title specially, thus
removing the cause from the jury to the court.
Blackstone.
&fist; Color is express when it is averred in
the pleading, and implied when it is implied in the
pleading.
Body color. See under Body.
-- Color blindness, total or partial
inability to distinguish or recognize colors. See
Daltonism. -- Complementary color,
one of two colors so related to each other that when blended
together they produce white light; -- so called because each
color makes up to the other what it lacks to make it white.
Artificial or pigment colors, when mixed, produce effects
differing from those of the primary colors, in consequence of
partial absorption. -- Of color (as
persons, races, etc.), not of the white race; -- commonly
meaning, esp. in the United States, of negro blood, pure or
mixed. -- Primary colors, those
developed from the solar beam by the prism, viz., red, orange,
yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet, which are reduced by
some authors to three, -- red, green, and violet-blue. These
three are sometimes called fundamental colors. --
Subjective or Accidental
color, a false or spurious color seen in some
instances, owing to the persistence of the luminous impression
upon the retina, and a gradual change of its character, as where
a wheel perfectly white, and with a circumference regularly
subdivided, is made to revolve rapidly over a dark object, the
teeth of the wheel appear to the eye of different shades of color
varying with the rapidity of rotation. See Accidental
colors, under Accidental.
Col"or (?), v. t. [imp. &
p. p. Colored (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Coloring.] [F. colorer.]
1. To change or alter the hue or tint of, by
dyeing, staining, painting, etc.; to dye; to tinge; to paint; to
stain.
The rays, to speak properly, are not
colored; in them there is nothing else than a certain
power and disposition to stir up a sensation of this or that
color.
Sir I. Newton.
2. To change or alter, as if by dyeing or
painting; to give a false appearance to; usually, to give a
specious appearance to; to cause to appear attractive; to make
plausible; to palliate or excuse; as, the facts were
colored by his prejudices.
He colors the falsehood of Æneas by
an express command from Jupiter to forsake the queen.
Dryden.
3. To hide. [Obs.]
That by his fellowship he color might
Both his estate and love from skill of any wight.
Spenser.
Col"or, v. i. To acquire
color; to turn red, especially in the face; to blush.
Col"or*a*ble (?), a. Specious;
plausible; having an appearance of right or justice.
"Colorable pretense for infidelity." Bp.
Stillingfleet.
-- Col"or*a*ble*ness, n. --
Col"or*a*bly, adv.
Colorable and subtle crimes, that seldom
are taken within the walk of human justice.
Hooker.
Col`o*ra"do bee"tle (?). (Zoöl.) A
yellowish beetle (Doryphora decemlineata), with ten
longitudinal, black, dorsal stripes. It has migrated eastwards
from its original habitat in Colorado, and is very destructive to
the potato plant; -- called also potato beetle and
potato bug. See Potato beetle.
Col`o*ra"do group (?). (Geol.) A
subdivision of the cretaceous formation of western North America,
especially developed in Colorado and the upper Missouri
region.
Col`o*ra"do*ite (?), n.
(Min.) Mercury telluride, an iron-black metallic
mineral, found in Colorado.
Col"or*ate (?), a. [L.
coloratus, p. p. of colorare to color.]
Colored. [Obs.] Ray.
Col`or*a"tion (?), n. The act
or art of coloring; the state of being colored.
Bacon.
The females . . . resemble each other in their
general type of coloration.
Darwin.
Col"or*a*ture (?; 135), n. [Cf. G.
coloratur, fr. LL. coloratura.] (Mus.)
Vocal music colored, as it were, by florid ornaments,
runs, or rapid passages.
Col"or-blind (?), a. Affected
with color blindness. See Color blindness, under
Color, n.
Col"ored (?), a. 1.
Having color; tinged; dyed; painted; stained.
The lime rod, colored as the glede.
Chaucer.
The colored rainbow arched wide.
Spenser.
2. Specious; plausible; adorned so as to
appear well; as, a highly colored description.
Sir G. C. Lewis.
His colored crime with craft to cloke.
Spenser.
3. Of some other color than black or
white.
4. (Ethnol.) Of some other color
than white; specifically applied to negroes or persons having
negro blood; as, a colored man; the colored
people.
5. (Bot.) Of some other color than
green.
Colored, meaning, as applied to foliage, of
some other color than green.
Gray.
&fist; In botany, green is not regarded as a color, but white
is. Wood.
Col`or*if"ic (?; 277), a. [L.
color color + facere to make: cf. F.
colorifique.] Capable of communicating color or tint
to other bodies.
Col`or*im"e*ter (?), n.
[Color + -meter: cf. F. colorimètre.]
An instrument for measuring the depth of the color of
anything, especially of a liquid, by comparison with a standard
liquid.
Col"or*ing (?), n.
1. The act of applying color to; also, that
which produces color.
2. Change of appearance as by addition of
color; appearance; show; disguise; misrepresentation.
Tell the whole story without coloring or
gloss.
Compton Reade.
Dead coloring. See under
Dead.
Col"or*ist (?), n. [Cf. F.
coloriste.] One who colors; an artist who excels in
the use of colors; one to whom coloring is of prime
importance.
Titian, Paul Veronese, Van Dyck, and the rest of
the good colorists.
Dryden.
Col"or*less, a. 1.
Without color; not distinguished by any hue; transparent;
as, colorless water.
2. Free from any manifestation of partial
or peculiar sentiment or feeling; not disclosing likes, dislikes,
prejudice, etc.; as, colorless music; a colorless
style; definitions should be colorless.
Col"or*man (?), n.; pl.
Colormen (#). A vender of paints,
etc. Simmonds.
Col"or ser"geant. See under
Sergeant.
Co*los"sal (?), a. [Cf. F.
colossal, L. colosseus. See Colossus.]
1. Of enormous size; gigantic; huge; as, a
colossal statue. "A colossal stride."
Motley.
2. (Sculpture & Painting) Of a
size larger than heroic. See Heroic.
Col`os*se"an (?), a.
Colossal. [R.]
Col`os*se"um (?), n. [Neut., fr. L.
colosseus gigantic. See Coliseum.] The
amphitheater of Vespasian in Rome. [Also written
Coliseum.]
Co*los"sus (?), n.; pl. L.
Colossi (#), E. Colossuses
(#). [L., fr. Gr. &?;.] 1. A statue of
gigantic size. The name was especially applied to certain famous
statues in antiquity, as the Colossus of Nero in Rome, the
Colossus of Apollo at Rhodes.
He doth bestride the narrow world
Like a colossus.
Shak.
&fist; There is no authority for the statement that the legs
of the Colossus at Rhodes extended over the mouth of the harbor.
Dr. Wm. Smith.
2. Any man or beast of gigantic
size.
||Co*los"trum (?), n. [L.,
biestings.] (Med.) (a) The first milk
secreted after delivery; biestings. (b)
A mixture of turpentine and the yolk of an egg, formerly
used as an emulsion.
Co*lot"o*my (?), n. [Gr. &?; colon
+ &?; cutting.] (Surg.) An operation for opening the
colon
Col"our (?), n. See
Color.
Colp (?), n. See
Collop.
Col"por`tage (?), n. [F.] The
distribution of religious books, tracts, etc., by
colporteurs.
Col"por`ter (?), n. Same as
Colporteur.
Col"por`teur (?; 277), n. [F.
colporteur one who carries on his neck, fr.
colporter to carry on one's neck; col (L.
collum) neck + porter (L. portare) to
carry.] A hawker; specifically, one who travels about
selling and distributing religious tracts and books.
Col"staff` (?), n. [F. col
neck + E. staff. Cf. Coll.] A staff by means
of which a burden is borne by two persons on their
shoulders.
Colt (?; 110), n. [OE. colt
a young horse, ass, or camel, AS. colt; cf. dial. Sw.
kullt a boy, lad.] 1. The young of
the equine genus or horse kind of animals; -- sometimes
distinctively applied to the male, filly being the female.
Cf. Foal.
&fist; In sporting circles it is usual to reckon the age of
colts from some arbitrary date, as from January 1, or May 1, next
preceding the birth of the animal.
2. A young, foolish fellow.
Shak.
3. A short knotted rope formerly used as
an instrument of punishment in the navy. Ham. Nav.
Encyc.
Colt's tooth, an imperfect or
superfluous tooth in young horses. -- To cast one's
colt's tooth, to cease from youthful
wantonness. "Your colt's tooth is not cast yet."
Shak. -- To have a colt's tooth, to
be wanton. Chaucer.
Colt (?; 110), v. i. To frisk
or frolic like a colt; to act licentiously or wantonly.
[Obs.]
They shook off their bridles and began to
colt.
Spenser.
Colt, v. t. 1.
To horse; to get with young. Shak.
2. To befool. [Obs.]
Shak.
Col"ter (?), n. [AS. culter,
fr. L. culter plowshare, knife. Cf. Cutlass.]
A knife or cutter, attached to the beam of a plow to cut the
sward, in advance of the plowshare and moldboard. [Written
also coulter.]
Colt"ish (?), a. Like a colt;
wanton; frisky.
He was all coltish, full of ragery.
Chaucer.
-- Colt"ish*ly, adv. --
Colt"ish*ness, n.
Colts"foot` (?), n. (Bot.)
A perennial herb (Tussilago Farfara), whose leaves
and rootstock are sometimes employed in medicine.
Butterbur coltsfoot (Bot.), a
European plant (Petasites vulgaris).
Colt's" tooth` (?). See under
Colt.
||Col"u*ber (?), n. [L., a
serpent.] (Zoöl.) A genus of harmless
serpents.
&fist; Linnæus placed in this genus all serpents,
whether venomous or not, whose scales beneath the tail are
arranged in pairs; but by modern writers it is greatly
restricted.
Col"u*brine (?), a. [L.
colubrinus.] 1. (Zoöl.)
like or related to snakes of the genus Coluber.
2. Like a snake; cunning; crafty.
Johnson.
||Co*lu"go (?), n. [Prob. an
aboriginal name.] (Zoöl.) A peculiar East Indian
mammal (Galleopithecus volans), having along the sides,
connecting the fore and hind limbs, a parachutelike membrane, by
means of which it is able to make long leaps, like the flying
squirrel; -- called also flying lemur.
Co*lum"ba (?), n. (Med.)
See Calumba.
||Co*lum"bæ (?), n. pl.; [L.
columba pigeon.] (Zoöl.) An order of
birds, including the pigeons.
||Col`um*ba"ri*um (?), n.;
pl. L. Columbaria (#) [L. See
Columbary.] (Rom. Antiq.) (a)
A dovecote or pigeon house. (b) A
sepulchral chamber with niches for holding cinerary
urns.
Col"um*ba*ry (?), n.; pl.
Columbaries (#). [L. columbarium, fr.
columba a dove.] A dovecote; a pigeon house.
Sir T. Browne.
Co*lum"bate (?), n. [Cf. F.
colombate. See Columbium.] (Chem.) A
salt of columbic acid; a niobate. See Columbium.
Co*lum"batz fly` (?). [From Kolumbatz, a
mountain in Germany.] (Zoöl.) See Buffalo
fly, under Buffalo.
||Col`um*bel"la (?), n. [NL., dim.
of L. columba a dove. So called from a fancied resemblance
in color and form, of some species.] (Zoöl.) A
genus of univalve shells, abundant in tropical seas. Some
species, as Columbella mercatoria, were formerly used as
shell money.
Co*lum"bi*a (?), n. America;
the United States; -- a poetical appellation given in honor of
Columbus, the discoverer. Dr. T. Dwight.
Co*lum"bi*ad (?), n. [From
Columbia the United States.] (Mil.) A form of
seacoast cannon; a long, chambered gun designed for throwing shot
or shells with heavy charges of powder, at high angles of
elevation.
&fist; Since the War of 1812 the Columbiad has been
much modified, especially by General Rodman, and the improved
form now used in seacoast defense is often called the Rodman
gun.
Co*lum"bi*an (?), a. [From
Columbia.] Of or pertaining to the United States, or
to America.
Co*lum"bic (?), a. [From
Columbium.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or
containing, columbium or niobium; niobic.
Columbic acid (Chem.), a weak
acid derived from columbic or niobic oxide,
Nb2O5; -- called also niobic
acid.
Co*lum"bic, a. [From
Columbo.] Pertaining to, or derived from, the columbo
root.
Columbic acid (Chem.), an organic
acid extracted from the columbo root as a bitter, yellow,
amorphous substance.
Co*lum"bi*er (?), n. See
Colombier.
Col"um*bif"er*ous (?), a.
[Columbium + -ferous.] Producing or containing
columbium.
Co*lum"bin (?), n. (Chem.)
A white, crystalline, bitter substance. See
Calumbin.
Col"um*bine (?), a. [L.
columbinus, fr. columba dove.] Of or
pertaining to a dove; dovelike; dove-colored.
"Columbine innocency." Bacon.
Col"um*bine, n. [LL.
columbina, L. columbinus dovelike, fr.
columba dove: cf. F. colombine. Perh. so called
from the beaklike spurs of its flowers.] 1.
(Bot.) A plant of several species of the genus
Aquilegia; as, A. vulgaris, or the common garden
columbine; A. Canadensis, the wild red columbine of North
America.
2. The mistress or sweetheart of
Harlequin in pantomimes. Brewer.
Co*lum"bite (?), n. [Cf. F.
colombite. See Columbium.] (Min.) A
mineral of a black color, submetallic luster, and high specific
specific gravity. It is a niobate (or columbate) of iron and
manganese, containing tantalate of iron; -- first found in New
England.
Co*lum"bi*um (?), n. [NL., fr.
Columbia America.] (Chem.) A rare element of
the vanadium group, first found in a variety of the mineral
columbite occurring in Connecticut, probably at Haddam. Atomic
weight 94.2. Symbol Cb or Nb. Now more commonly called
niobium.
Co*lum"bo (?), n. (Med.)
See Calumba.
Col`u*mel"la (?), n. [L., dim. of
columen column. See Column.] 1.
(Bot.) (a) An axis to which a carpel
of a compound pistil may be attached, as in the case of the
geranium; or which is left when a pod opens.
(b)A columnlike axis in the capsules of
mosses.
2. (Anat.) A term applied to
various columnlike parts; as, the columella, or
epipterygoid bone, in the skull of many lizards; the
columella of the ear, the bony or cartilaginous rod
connecting the tympanic membrane with the internal ear.
3. (Zoöl.) (a)
The upright pillar in the axis of most univalve
shells. (b) The central pillar or axis
of the calicles of certain corals.
Col`u*mel"li*form (?), a.
[Columella + -form.] Shaped like a little
column, or columella.
Col"umn (?), n. [L. columna,
fr. columen, culmen, fr. cellere (used only
in comp.), akin to E. excel, and prob. to holm.
See Holm, and cf. Colonel.]
1. (Arch.) A kind of pillar; a
cylindrical or polygonal support for a roof, ceiling, statue,
etc., somewhat ornamented, and usually composed of base, shaft,
and capital. See Order.
2. Anything resembling, in form or
position, a column in architecture; an upright body or mass; a
shaft or obelisk; as, a column of air, of water, of
mercury, etc.; the Column Vendôme; the spinal
column.
3. (Mil.) (a) A
body of troops formed in ranks, one behind the other; --
contradistinguished from line. Compare Ploy, and
Deploy. (b) A small
army.
4. (Naut.) A number of ships so
arranged as to follow one another in single or double file or in
squadrons; -- in distinction from "line", where they are side by
side.
5. (Print.) A perpendicular set of
lines, not extending across the page, and separated from other
matter by a rule or blank space; as, a column in a
newspaper.
6. (Arith.) A perpendicular line
of figures.
7. (Bot.) The body formed by the
union of the stamens in the Mallow family, or of the stamens and
pistil in the orchids.
Attached column. See under
Attach, v. t. -- Clustered
column. See under Cluster, v.
t. -- Column rule, a thin
strip of brass separating columns of type in the form, and making
a line between them in printing.
Co*lum"*nar (?), a. [L.
columnaris, fr. columna.] Formed in columns;
having the form of a column or columns; like the shaft of a
column.
Columnar epithelium (Anat.),
epithelium in which the cells are prismatic in form, and set
upright on the surface they cover. -- Columnar
structure (Geol.), a structure consisting of
more or less regular columns, usually six-sided, but sometimes
with eight or more sides. The columns are often fractured
transversely, with a cup joint, showing a concave surface above.
This structure is characteristic of certain igneous rocks, as
basalt, and is due to contraction in cooling.
Col`um*nar"i*ty (?), n. The
state or quality of being columnar.
Co*lum"na*ted (?), a. Having
columns; as, columnated temples.
Col"umned (?), a. Having
columns.
Troas and Ilion's columned citadel.
Tennyson.
Co*lum`ni*a"tion (?), n. The
employment or arrangement of columns in a structure.
Gwilt.
Co*lure" (?), n.; pl.
Colures (#). [F. colure, L.
coluri, pl., fr. Gr. ko`loyros dock-tailed,
a"i ko`loyroi (sc. grammai` lines) the
colures; fr. ko`los docked, stunted +
o'yra` tail. So named because a part is always beneath
the horizon.] (Astron. & Geog.) One of two great
circles intersecting at right angles in the poles of the equator.
One of them passes through the equinoctial points, and hence is
denominated the equinoctial colure; the other intersects
the equator at the distance of 90° from the former, and is
called the solstitial colure.
Thrice the equinoctial line
He circled; four times crossed the car of night
From pole to pole, traversing each colure.
Milton.
Co"ly (?), n.; pl.
Colies (#). [NL. colius, prob. fr. Gr.
&?; a kind of woodpecker.] Any bird of the genus
Colius and allied genera. They inhabit Africa.
Col"za (?), n. [F., fr. D.
koolzaad, prop., cabbage seed; kool (akin to E.
cole) + zaad, akin to E. seed.]
(Bot.) A variety of cabbage (Brassica
oleracea), cultivated for its seeds, which yield an oil
valued for illuminating and lubricating purposes; summer
rape.
Com-. A prefix from the Latin preposition
cum, signifying with, together, in
conjunction, very, etc. It is used in the form com-
before b, m, p, and sometimes f,
and by assimilation becomes col- before l, cor-
before r, and con- before any consonant except
b, h, l, m, p, r, and
w. Before a vowel com- becomes co-; also
before h, w, and sometimes before other
consonants.
||Co"ma (kō"m&adot;), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. kw^ma lethargy, fr. koima^n
to put to sleep. See Cemetery.] A state of profound
insensibility from which it is difficult or impossible to rouse a
person. See Carus.
||Co"ma, n. [L., hair, fr. Gr.
ko`mh.] 1. (Astron.) The
envelope of a comet; a nebulous covering, which surrounds the
nucleus or body of a comet.
2. (Bot.) A tuft or bunch, -- as
the assemblage of branches forming the head of a tree; or a
cluster of bracts when empty and terminating the inflorescence of
a plant; or a tuft of long hairs on certain seeds.
Coma Berenices (&?;) [L.] (Astron.),
a small constellation north of Virgo; -- called also
Berenice's Hair.
Co*man"ches (? or ?), n. pl.;
sing. Comanche (? or ?).
(Ethnol.) A warlike, savage, and nomadic tribe of the
Shoshone family of Indians, inhabiting Mexico and the adjacent
parts of the United States; -- called also Paducahs. They
are noted for plundering and cruelty.
Co"mart` (?), n. A
covenant. [Obs.] Shak.
Co"mate (?; 277), a. [L.
comatus, fr. comare to clothe with hair, fr.
coma hair.] Encompassed with a coma, or bushy
appearance, like hair; hairy.
Co"-mate` (?), n. [Pref. co-
+ mate.] A companion. Shak.
Co"ma*tose` (? or ?; 277), a. [From
Coma lethargy.] Relating to, or resembling, coma;
drowsy; lethargic; as, comatose sleep; comatose
fever.
Co"ma*tous (?), a.
Comatose.
||Co*mat"u*la (?; 135), n. [NL.,
fr. L. comatulus having hair neatly curled, dim. fr.
coma hair.] (Zoöl.) A crinoid of the
genus Antedon and related genera. When young they are
fixed by a stem. When adult they become detached and cling to
seaweeds, etc., by their dorsal cirri; -- called also feather
stars.
Co*mat"u*lid (?), n.
(Zoöl.) Any crinoid of the genus Antedon
or allied genera.
Comb (?; 110), n. [AS. camb;
akin to Sw., Dan., & D. kam, Icel. kambr, G.
kamm, Gr. &?; a grinder tooth, Skr. jambha tooth.]
1. An instrument with teeth, for
straightening, cleansing, and adjusting the hair, or for keeping
it in place.
2. An instrument for currying hairy
animals, or cleansing and smoothing their coats; a
currycomb.
3. (Manuf. & Mech.) (a)
A toothed instrument used for separating and cleansing wool,
flax, hair, etc. (b) The serrated
vibratory doffing knife of a carding machine.
(c) A former, commonly cone-shaped, used in
hat manufacturing for hardening the soft fiber into a bat.
(d) A tool with teeth, used for chasing
screws on work in a lathe; a chaser. (e)
The notched scale of a wire micrometer.
(f) The collector of an electrical machine,
usually resembling a comb.
4. (Zoöl.) (a)
The naked fleshy crest or caruncle on the upper part of the
bill or hood of a cock or other bird. It is usually red.
(b) One of a pair of peculiar organs on the
base of the abdomen of scorpions.
5. The curling crest of a wave.
6. The waxen framework forming the walls
of the cells in which bees store their honey, eggs, etc.;
honeycomb. "A comb of honey." Wyclif.
When the bee doth leave her comb.
Shak.
7. The thumbpiece of the hammer of a
gunlock, by which it may be cocked.
Comb, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Combed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Combing.] To disentangle, cleanse, or adjust, with a
comb; to lay smooth and straight with, or as with, a comb; as, to
comb hair or wool. See under Combing.
Comb down his hair; look, look! it stands
upright.
Shak.
Comb, v. i. [See Comb,
n., 5.] (Naut.) To roll over, as
the top or crest of a wave; to break with a white foam, as
waves.
{ Comb, Combe (? or ?), }
n. [AS. comb, prob. of Celtic origin;
cf. W. cwm a dale, valley.] That unwatered portion of
a valley which forms its continuation beyond and above the most
elevated spring that issues into it. [Written also
coombe.] Buckland.
A gradual rise the shelving combe
Displayed.
Southey.
Comb, n. A dry measure. See
Coomb.
Com"bat (? or ?; 277), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Combated; p. pr. &
vb. n. Combating.] [F. combattre; pref.
com- + battre to beat, fr. L. battuere to
strike. See Batter.] To struggle or contend, as with
an opposing force; to fight.
To combat with a blind man I disdain.
Milton.
After the fall of the republic, the Romans
combated only for the choice of masters.
Gibbon.
Com"bat, v. t. To fight with;
to oppose by force, argument, etc.; to contend against; to
resist.
When he the ambitious Norway combated.
Shak.
And combated in silence all these
reasons.
Milton.
Minds combat minds, repelling and
repelled.
Goldsmith.
Syn. -- To fight against; resist; oppose; withstand;
oppugn; antagonize; repel; resent.
Com"bat, n. [Cf. F. combat.]
1. A fight; a contest of violence; a
struggle for supremacy.
My courage try by combat, if thou
dar'st.
Shak.
The noble combat that 'twixt joy and sorrow
was fought in Paulina.
Shak.
2. (Mil.) An engagement of no
great magnitude; or one in which the parties engaged are not
armies.
Single combat, one in which a single
combatant meets a single opponent, as in the case of David and
Goliath; also, a duel.
Syn. -- A battle; engagement; conflict; contest;
contention; struggle; fight, strife. See Battle,
Contest.
Com"bat*a*ble (? or ?), a. [Cf. F.
combattable.] Such as can be, or is liable to be,
combated; as, combatable foes, evils, or
arguments.
Com"bat*ant (?), a. [F.
combattant, p. pr.] Contending; disposed to
contend. B. Jonson.
Com"bat*ant, n. [F.
combattant.] One who engages in combat. "The
mighty combatants." Milton.
A controversy which long survived the original
combatants.
Macaulay
Com"bat*er (?), n. One who
combats. Sherwood.
Com"bat*ive (? or &?;), a.
Disposed to engage in combat; pugnacious.
Com"bat*ive*ness, n.
1. The quality of being combative;
propensity to contend or to quarrel.
2. (Phren.) A cranial development
supposed to indicate a combative disposition.
||Com`bat`tant" (?), a. [F.]
(Her.) In the position of fighting; -- said of two
lions set face to face, each rampant.
Comb"broach` (?), n. A tooth
of a wool comb. [Written also combrouch.]
Combe (? or ?), n. See
Comb.
Comb"er (?), n. 1.
One who combs; one whose occupation it is to comb wool,
flax, etc. Also, a machine for combing wool, flax, etc.
2. A long, curling wave.
Com"ber (?), v. t. To
cumber. [Obs.] Spenser.
Com"ber, n. Encumbrance.
[Obs.]
Com"ber (?), n. (Zoöl.)
The cabrilla. Also, a name applied to a species of
wrasse. [Prov. Eng.]
Com*bin"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F.
combinable.] Capable of combining; consistent
with. [R.] M. Arnold.
-- Com*bin"a*ble*ness, n.
Com"bi*nate (?), a. [LL.
combinatus, p. p.] United; joined; betrothed.
[R.]
Com`bi*na"tion (?), n. [LL.
combinatio. See Combine.] 1.
The act or process of combining or uniting persons and
things.
Making new compounds by new
combinations.
Boyle.
A solemn combination shall be made
Of our dear souls.
Shak.
2. The result of combining or uniting;
union of persons or things; esp. a union or alliance of persons
or states to effect some purpose; -- usually in a bad
sense.
A combination of the most powerful men in
Rome who had conspired my ruin.
Melmoth.
3. (Chem.) The act or process of
uniting by chemical affinity, by which substances unite with each
other in definite proportions by weight to form distinct
compounds.
4. pl. (Math.) The
different arrangements of a number of objects, as letters, into
groups.
&fist; In combinations no regard is paid to the order
in which the objects are arranged in each group, while in
variations and permutations this order is
respected. Brande & C.
Combination car, a railroad car
containing two or more compartments used for different
purposes. [U. S.] -- Combination lock,
a lock in which the mechanism is controlled by means of a
movable dial (sometimes by several dials or rings) inscribed with
letters or other characters. The bolt of the lock can not be
operated until after the dial has been so turned as to combine
the characters in a certain order or succession. --
Combination room, in the University of
Cambridge, Eng., a room into which the fellows withdraw after
dinner, for wine, dessert, and conversation. --
Combination by volume (Chem.), the
act, process, or ratio by which gaseous elements and compounds
unite in definite proportions by volume to form distinct
compounds. -- Combination by weight
(Chem.), the act, process, or ratio, in which
substances unite in proportions by weight, relatively fixed and
exact, to form distinct compounds. See Law of definite
proportions, under Definite.
Syn. -- Cabal; alliance; association; league; union;
confederacy; coalition; conspiracy. See Cabal.
Com*bine" (?), v. t. [imp.
& p. p. Combined (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Combining.] [LL. combinare,
combinatum; L. com- + binus, pl.
bini, two and two, double: cf. F. combiner. See
Binary.] 1. To unite or join; to link
closely together; to bring into harmonious union; to cause or
unite so as to form a homogeneous substance, as by chemical
union.
So fitly them in pairs thou hast
combined.
Milton.
Friendship is the cement which really
combines mankind.
Dr. H. More.
And all combined, save what thou must
combine
By holy marriage.
Shak.
Earthly sounds, though sweet and well
combined.
Cowper.
2. To bind; to hold by a moral tie.
[Obs.]
I am combined by a sacred vow.
Shak.
Com*bine", v. i. 1.
To form a union; to agree; to coalesce; to
confederate.
You with your foes combine,
And seem your own destruction to design
Dryden.
So sweet did harp and voice combine.
Sir W. Scott.
2. To unite by affinity or natural
attraction; as, two substances, which will not combine of
themselves, may be made to combine by the intervention of
a third.
3. (Card Playing) In the game of
casino, to play a card which will take two or more cards whose
aggregate number of pips equals those of the card
played.
Combining weight (Chem.), that
proportional weight, usually referred to hydrogen as a standard,
and for each element fixed and exact, by which an element unites
with another to form a distinct compound. The combining weights
either are identical with, or are multiples or submultiples of,
the atomic weight. See Atomic weight, under Atomic,
a.
Com*bined" (?), a. United
closely; confederated; chemically united.
Com*bin"ed*ly (?), adv. In
combination or coöperation; jointly.
Com*bin"er (?), n. One who, or
that which, combines.
Comb"ing (?), n. 1.
The act or process of using a comb or a number of combs; as,
the combing of one's hair; the combing of
wool.
&fist; The process of combing is used in straightening
wool of long staple; short wool is carded.
2. pl. (a) That
which is caught or collected with a comb, as loose, tangled
hair. (b) Hair arranged to be worn on
the head.
The baldness, thinness, and . . . deformity of
their hair is supplied by borders and combings.
Jer. Taylor.
(c) (Naut.) See
Coamings.
Combing machine (Textile Manuf.),
a machine for combing wool, flax, cotton, etc., and
separating the longer and more valuable fiber from the shorter.
See also Carding machine, under Carding.
Comb"less, a. Without a comb
or crest; as, a combless cock.
||Com`bo*lo"io (k&obreve;m`b&osl;*lō"y&osl;),
n. A Mohammedan rosary, consisting of
ninety-nine beads. Byron.
Comb"-shaped` (?), a. (Bot.)
Pectinate.
Com*bust" (?), a. [L.
combustus, p. p. of comburere to burn up; com-
+ burere (only in comp.), of uncertain origin; cf.
bustum funeral pyre, prurire to itch, pruna
a live coal, Gr. pyrso`s firebrand, Skr. plush
to burn.] 1. Burnt; consumed. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
2. (Astron.) So near the sun as to
be obscured or eclipsed by his light, as the moon or planets when
not more than eight degrees and a half from the sun.
[Obs.]
Planets that are oft combust.
Milton.
Com*bus`ti*bil"i*ty (?), n.
The quality of being combustible.
Com*bus"ti*ble (?), a. [Cf. F.
combustible.] 1. Capable of taking
fire and burning; apt to catch fire; inflammable.
Sin is to the soul like fire to combustible
matter.
South.
2. Easily kindled or excited; quick;
fiery; irascible.
Arnold was a combustible character.
W. Irving.
Com*bus"ti*ble (?), n. A
substance that may be set on fire, or which is liable to take
fire and burn.
All such combustibles as are cheap enough
for common use go under the name of fuel.
Ure.
Com*bus"ti*ble*ness, n.
Combustibility.
Com*bus"tion (?; 106), n. [L.
combustio: cf. F. combustion.] 1.
The state of burning.
2. (Chem.) The combination of a
combustible with a supporter of combustion, producing heat, and
sometimes both light and heat.
Combustion results in common cases from the
mutual chemical action and reaction of the combustible and the
oxygen of the atmosphere, whereby a new compound is formed.
Ure.
Supporter of combustion (Chem.),
a gas, as oxygen, the combination of which with a
combustible, as coal, constitutes combustion.
3. Violent agitation; confusion;
tumult. [Obs.]
There [were] great combustions and
divisions among the heads of the university.
Mede.
But say from whence this new combustion
springs.
Dryden.
Com*bus"tious (?), a.
Inflammable. [Obs.] Shak.
Come (?), v. i.
[imp. Came (?); p. p.
Come (?); p. pr & vb. n. Coming.]
[OE. cumen, comen, AS. cuman; akin to OS.
kuman, D. komen, OHG. queman, G.
kommen, Icel. koma, Sw. komma, Dan.
komme, Goth. giman, L. venire
(gvenire), Gr. &?; to go, Skr. gam. √23. Cf.
Base, n., Convene,
Adventure.] 1. To move hitherward; to
draw near; to approach the speaker, or some place or person
indicated; -- opposed to go.
Look, who comes yonder?
Shak.
I did not come to curse thee.
Tennyson.
2. To complete a movement toward a place;
to arrive.
When we came to Rome.
Acts xxviii. 16.
Lately come from Italy.
Acts xviii. 2.
3. To approach or arrive, as if by a
journey or from a distance. "Thy kingdom come."
Matt. vi. 10.
The hour is coming, and now is.
John. v. 25.
So quick bright things come to
confusion.
Shak.
4. To approach or arrive, as the result
of a cause, or of the act of another.
From whence come wars?
James iv. 1.
Both riches and honor come of thee !
1 Chron. xxix. 12.
5. To arrive in sight; to be manifest; to
appear.
Then butter does refuse to come.
Hudibras.
6. To get to be, as the result of change
or progress; -- with a predicate; as, to come
untied.
How come you thus estranged?
Shak.
How come her eyes so bright?
Shak.
&fist; Am come, is come, etc., are frequently
used instead of have come, has come, etc., esp. in
poetry. The verb to be gives a clearer adjectival
significance to the participle as expressing a state or condition
of the subject, while the auxiliary have expresses simply
the completion of the action signified by the verb.
Think not that I am come to destroy.
Matt. v. 17.
We are come off like Romans.
Shak.
The melancholy days are come, the saddest
of the year.
Bryant.
Come may properly be used (instead of go) in
speaking of a movement hence, or away, when there is reference to
an approach to the person addressed; as, I shall come home
next week; he will come to your house to-day. It is used
with other verbs almost as an auxiliary, indicative of approach
to the action or state expressed by the verb; as, how came
you to do it? Come is used colloquially, with reference to
a definite future time approaching, without an auxiliary; as, it
will be two years, come next Christmas; i. e., when
Christmas shall come.
They were cried
In meeting, come next Sunday.
Lowell.
Come, in the imperative, is used to excite attention,
or to invite to motion or joint action; come, let us go.
"This is the heir; come, let us kill him." Matt. xxi.
38. When repeated, it sometimes expresses haste, or
impatience, and sometimes rebuke. "Come, come, no
time for lamentation now." Milton.
To come, yet to arrive, future. "In
times to come." Dryden. "There's pippins and cheese
to come." Shak. -- To come about.
(a) To come to pass; to arrive; to happen; to
result; as, how did these things come about?
(b) To change; to come round; as, the ship
comes about. "The wind is come about."
Shak.
On better thoughts, and my urged reasons,
They are come about, and won to the true side.
B. Jonson.
--
To come abroad. (a)
To move or be away from one's home or country. "Am
come abroad to see the world." Shak.
(b) To become public or known. [Obs.]
"Neither was anything kept secret, but that it should come
abroad." Mark. iv. 22. -- To come
across, to meet; to find, esp. by chance or
suddenly. "We come across more than one incidental
mention of those wars." E. A. Freeman. "Wagner's was
certainly one of the strongest and most independent natures I
ever came across." H. R. Haweis. -- To come
after. (a) To follow.
(b) To come to take or to obtain; as, to
come after a book. -- To come
again, to return. "His spirit came
again and he revived." Judges. xv. 19. - - To
come and go. (a) To appear and
disappear; to change; to alternate. "The color of the king
doth come and go." Shak. (b)
(Mech.) To play backward and forward. --
To come at. (a) To reach;
to arrive within reach of; to gain; as, to come at a true
knowledge of ourselves. (b) To come
toward; to attack; as, he came at me with fury. --
To come away, to part or depart. --
To come between, to intervene; to separate;
hence, to cause estrangement. -- To come
by. (a) To obtain, gain,
acquire. "Examine how you came by all your state."
Dryden. (b) To pass near or by way
of. -- To come down. (a)
To descend. (b) To be humbled.
-- To come down upon, to call to account,
to reprimand. [Colloq.] Dickens. -- To come
home. (a) To return to one's house
or family. (b) To come close; to press
closely; to touch the feelings, interest, or reason.
(c) (Naut.) To be loosened from the
ground; -- said of an anchor. -- To come
in. (a) To enter, as a town, house,
etc. "The thief cometh in." Hos. vii. 1.
(b) To arrive; as, when my ship comes
in. (c) To assume official station
or duties; as, when Lincoln came in.
(d) To comply; to yield; to surrender.
"We need not fear his coming in" Massinger.
(e) To be brought into use. "Silken
garments did not come in till late." Arbuthnot.
(f) To be added or inserted; to be or become
a part of. (g) To accrue as gain from
any business or investment. (h) To
mature and yield a harvest; as, the crops come in
well. (i) To have sexual intercourse; --
with to or unto. Gen. xxxviii. 16.
(j) To have young; to bring forth; as, the
cow will come in next May. [U. S.] -- To come
in for, to claim or receive. "The rest came
in for subsidies." Swift. -- To come
into, to join with; to take part in; to agree to;
to comply with; as, to come into a party or scheme. -
- To come it over, to hoodwink; to get the
advantage of. [Colloq.] -- To come
near or nigh, to approach in place or
quality; to be equal to. "Nothing ancient or modern seems to
come near it." Sir W. Temple. -- To come
of. (a) To descend or spring
from. "Of Priam's royal race my mother came."
Dryden. (b) To result or follow
from. "This comes of judging by the eye."
L'Estrange. -- To come off.
(a) To depart or pass off from.
(b) To get free; to get away; to escape.
(c) To be carried through; to pass off; as,
it came off well. (d) To acquit
one's self; to issue from (a contest, etc.); as, he came
off with honor; hence, substantively, a come-off, an
escape; an excuse; an evasion. [Colloq.] (e)
To pay over; to give. [Obs.] (f) To
take place; to happen; as, when does the race come
off? (g) To be or become after some
delay; as, the weather came off very fine.
(h) To slip off or be taken off, as a
garment; to separate. (i) To hurry away;
to get through. Chaucer. -- To come off
by, to suffer. [Obs.] "To come off by
the worst." Calamy. -- To come off from,
to leave. "To come off from these grave
disquisitions." Felton. -- To come on.
(a) To advance; to make progress; to
thrive. (b) To move forward; to
approach; to supervene. -- To come out.
(a) To pass out or depart, as from a country,
room, company, etc. "They shall come out with great
substance." Gen. xv. 14. (b) To become
public; to appear; to be published. "It is indeed come
out at last." Bp. Stillingfleet. (c)
To end; to result; to turn out; as, how will this affair
come out? he has come out well at last.
(d) To be introduced into society; as, she
came out two seasons ago. (e) To
appear; to show itself; as, the sun came out.
(f) To take sides; to take a stand; as, he
came out against the tariff. -- To come out
with, to give publicity to; to disclose. --
To come over. (a) To pass
from one side or place to another. "Perpetually teasing
their friends to come over to them." Addison.
(b) To rise and pass over, in
distillation. -- To come over to, to
join. -- To come round.
(a) To recur in regular course.
(b) To recover. [Colloq.]
(c) To change, as the wind.
(d) To relent. J. H. Newman.
(e) To circumvent; to wheedle. [Colloq.]
-- To come short, to be deficient; to fail
of attaining. "All have sinned and come short of the
glory of God." Rom. iii. 23. -- To come
to. (a) To consent or yield.
Swift. (b) (Naut.) (with the accent
on to) To luff; to bring the ship's head nearer the
wind; to anchor. (c) (with the accent on
to) To recover, as from a swoon.
(d) To arrive at; to reach.
(e) To amount to; as, the taxes come
to a large sum. (f) To fall to; to
be received by, as an inheritance. Shak. --
To come to blows. See under
Blow. -- To come to grief. See
under Grief. -- To come to a head.
(a) To suppurate, as a boil.
(b) To mature; to culminate; as a plot.
-- To come to one's self, to recover one's
senses. -- To come to pass, to happen;
to fall out. -- To come to the scratch.
(a) (Prize Fighting) To step up to the
scratch or mark made in the ring to be toed by the combatants in
beginning a contest; hence: (b) To meet
an antagonist or a difficulty bravely. [Colloq.] --
To come to time. (a) (Prize
Fighting) To come forward in order to resume the contest
when the interval allowed for rest is over and "time" is
called; hence: (b) To keep an
appointment; to meet expectations. [Colloq.] -- To
come together. (a) To meet for
business, worship, etc.; to assemble. Acts i. 6.
(b) To live together as man and wife.
Matt. i. 18. -- To come true, to
happen as predicted or expected. -- To come
under, to belong to, as an individual to a
class. -- To come up (a)
to ascend; to rise. (b) To be
brought up; to arise, as a question. (c)
To spring; to shoot or rise above the earth, as a plant.
(d) To come into use, as a fashion. --
To come up the capstan (Naut.), to
turn it the contrary way, so as to slacken the rope about
it. -- To come up the tackle fall
(Naut.), to slacken the tackle gently.
Totten. -- To come up to, to rise
to; to equal. -- To come up with, to
overtake or reach by pursuit. -- To come
upon. (a) To befall.
(b) To attack or invade.
(c) To have a claim upon; to become dependent
upon for support; as, to come upon the town.
(d) To light or chance upon; to find; as, to
come upon hid treasure.
Come (?), v. t. To carry
through; to succeed in; as, you can't come any tricks
here. [Slang]
To come it, to succeed in a trick of any
sort. [Slang]
Come, n. Coming. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Co-med"dle (?), v. t. To mix;
to mingle, to temper. [Obs.] Shak.
Co*me"di*an (?), n. [Cf. F.
comédien.] 1. An actor or
player in comedy. "The famous comedian, Roscius."
Middleton.
2. A writer of comedy.
Milton.
||Co*mé`di*enne" (?), n.
[F., fem. of comédien.] A women who plays in
comedy.
||Co*me`di*et"ta (?), n. [It.]
A dramatic sketch; a brief comedy.
||Com"e*do (?), n.; pl.
Comedones (#). [L., a glutton. See
Comestible.] (Med.) A small nodule or cystic
tumor, common on the nose, etc., which on pressure allows the
escape of a yellow wormlike mass of retained oily secretion, with
a black head (dirt).
Come"down` (?), n. A downfall;
an humiliation. [Colloq.]
Com"e*dy (?), n.; pl.
Comedies (#). [F. comédie, L.
comoedia, fr. Gr. &?;; &?; a jovial festivity with music
and dancing, a festal procession, an ode sung at this procession
(perh. akin to &?; village, E. home) + &?; to sing; for
comedy was originally of a lyric character. See Home, and
Ode.] A dramatic composition, or representation of a
bright and amusing character, based upon the foibles of
individuals, the manners of society, or the ludicrous events or
accidents of life; a play in which mirth predominates and the
termination of the plot is happy; -- opposed to
tragedy.
With all the vivacity of comedy.
Macaulay.
Are come to play a pleasant comedy.
Shak.
Come"li*ly (?), adv. In a
suitable or becoming manner. [R.] Sherwood.
Come"li*ness (?), n. [See
Comely.] The quality or state of being
comely.
Comeliness is a disposing fair
Of things and actions in fit time and place.
Sir J. Davies.
Strength, comeliness of shape, or amplest
merit.
Milton.
Comeliness signifies something less
forcible than beauty, less elegant than grace, and less light
than prettiness.
Johnson.
Come"ly (kŭm"l&ybreve;), a.
[Compar. Comelier (?);
superl. Comeliest.] [OE.
comeliche, AS. cymlīc; cyme suitable
(fr. cuman to come, become) + līc like.]
1. Pleasing or agreeable to the sight; well-
proportioned; good-looking; handsome.
He that is comely when old and decrepit,
surely was very beautiful when he was young.
South.
Not once perceive their foul disfigurement
But boast themselves more comely than before.
Milton.
2. Suitable or becoming; proper;
agreeable.
This is a happier and more comely time
Than when these fellows ran about the streets,
Crying confusion.
Shak.
It is good to sing praises unto our God; for it is
pleasant; and praise is comely.
Ps. cxlvii. 1.
Come"ly, adv. In a becoming
manner. Ascham.
Come-out"er (?), n. One who
comes out or withdraws from a religious or other organization; a
radical reformer. [Colloq. U. S.]
Com"er (?), n. One who comes,
or who has come; one who has arrived, and is present.
All comers, all who come, or offer, to
take part in a matter, especially in a contest or
controversy. "To prove it against all comers." Bp.
Stillingfleet.
||Co"mes (?), n. [L., a companion.]
(Mus.) The answer to the theme (dux) in a
fugue.
Com`es*sa"tion (?), n. [L.
comissatio, comessatio.] A reveling; a
rioting. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.
Co*mes"ti*ble (?), a. [F.
comestible, fr. L. comesus, comestus, p. p.
of comedere to eat; com- + edere to eat.]
Suitable to be eaten; eatable; esculent.
Some herbs are most comestible.
Sir T. Elyot.
Co*mes"ti*ble, n. Something
suitable to be eaten; -- commonly in the plural.
Thackeray.
Com"et (?), n. [L. cometes,
cometa, from Gr. &?; comet, prop. long-haired, fr. &?; to
wear long hair, fr. &?; hair, akin to L. coma: cf. F.
comète.] (Astron.) A member of the
solar system which usually moves in an elongated orbit,
approaching very near to the sun in its perihelion, and receding
to a very great distance from it at its aphelion. A comet
commonly consists of three parts: the nucleus, the envelope, or
coma, and the tail; but one or more of these parts is frequently
wanting. See Illustration in Appendix.
||Com`e*ta"ri*um (?), n. [NL.]
(Astron.) An instrument, intended to represent the
revolution of a comet round the sun. Hutton.
Com"et*a*ry (?), a. [Cf. F.
cométaire.] Pertaining to, or resembling, a
comet. Cheyne.
{ Com"et-find`er (?), or Com"et- seek`er (?)
}, n. (Astron.) A telescope of low
power, having a large field of view, used for finding
comets.
Co*met"ic (?), a. Relating to
a comet.
Com`et*og"ra*pher (?), n. One
who describes or writes about comets.
Com`et*og"ra*phy (?), n.
[Comet + -graphy: cf. F.
cométographie.] A description of, or a
treatise concerning, comets.
Com`et*ol"o*gy (?), n.
[Comet + -logy.] The department of astronomy
relating to comets.
Com"fit (?), n. [F. confit,
prop. a p. p., fr. confire to preserve, pickle, fr. L.
conficere to prepare; con- + facere to make.
See Fact, and cf. Confect.] A dry sweetmeat;
any kind of fruit, root, or seed preserved with sugar and dried;
a confection.
Com"fit, v. t. To preserve dry
with sugar.
The fruit which does so quickly waste, . . .
Thou comfitest in sweets to make it last.
Cowley.
Com"fi*ture (?; 135), n. [F.
confiture; cf. LL. confecturae sweetmeats,
confectura a preparing. See Comfit, and cf.
Confiture.] See Comfit,
n.
Com"fort (?), v. t. [imp. &
p. p. Comforted; p. pr. & vb.
n. Comforting.] [F. conforter, fr. L.
confortare to strengthen much; con- + fortis
strong. See Fort.] 1. To make strong;
to invigorate; to fortify; to corroborate. [Obs.]
Wyclif.
God's own testimony . . . doth not a little
comfort and confirm the same.
Hooker.
2. To assist or help; to aid.
[Obs.]
I . . . can not help the noble chevalier:
God comfort him in this necessity!
Shak.
3. To impart strength and hope to; to
encourage; to relieve; to console; to cheer.
Light excelleth in comforting the spirits
of men.
Bacon.
That we may be able to comfort them that
are in any affliction.
2 Cor. i. 4 (Rev. Ver.).
A perfect woman, nobly planned,
To warn, to comfort, and command.
Wordsworth.
Syn. -- To cheer; solace; console; revive; encourage;
enliven; invigorate; inspirit; gladden; recreate; exhilarate;
refresh; animate; confirm; strengthen. -- To Comfort,
Console, Solace. These verbs all suppose some
antecedent state of suffering or sorrow. Console is
confined to the act giving sympathetic relief to the mind under
affliction or sorrow, and points to some definite source of that
relief; as, the presence of his friend consoled him; he
was much consoled by this intelligence. The act of
consoling commonly implies the inculcation of resignation.
Comfort points to relief afforded by the communication of
positive pleasure, hope, and strength, as well as by the
diminution of pain; as, "They brought the young man alive, and
were not a little comforted." Acts xx. 12.
Solace is from L. solacium, which means according
to Dumesnil, consolation inwardly felt or applied to the case of
the sufferer. Hence, the verb to solace denotes the using
of things for the purpose of affording relief under sorrow or
suffering; as, to solace one's self with reflections, with
books, or with active employments.
Com"fort (?), n. [OF.
confort, fr. conforter.] 1.
Assistance; relief; support. [Obs. except in the
phrase "aid and comfort." See 5 below.] Shak.
2. Encouragement; solace; consolation in
trouble; also, that which affords consolation.
In comfort of her mother's fears.
Shak.
Cheer thy spirit with this comfort.
Shak.
Speaking words of endearment where words of
comfort availed not.
Longfellow.
3. A state of quiet enjoyment; freedom
from pain, want, or anxiety; also, whatever contributes to such a
condition.
I had much joy and comfort in thy love.
Phil. 7 (Rev. Ver.).
He had the means of living in comfort.
Macaulay.
4. A wadded bedquilt; a
comfortable. [U. S.]
5. (Law) Unlawful support,
countenance, or encouragement; as, to give aid and comfort
to the enemy.
Syn. -- Comfort, Consolation.
Comfort has two meanings: 1. Strength and
relief received under affliction; 2. Positive
enjoyment, of a quiet, permanent nature, together with the
sources thereof; as, the comfort of love; surrounded with
comforts; but it is with the former only that the word
consolation is brought into comparison. As thus compared,
consolation points to some specific source of relief for
the afflicted mind; as, the consolations of religion.
Comfort supposes the relief to be afforded by imparting
positive enjoyment, as well as a diminution of pain.
"Consolation, or comfort, signifies some
alleviation to that pain to which it is not in our power to
afford the proper and adequate remedy; they imply rather an
augmentation of the power of bearing, than a diminution of the
burden." Johnson.
Com"fort*a*ble (?), a. [OF.
confortable.] 1. Strong; vigorous;
valiant. [Obs.] Wyclif.
Thy conceit is nearer death than thy powers. For
my sake be comfortable; hold death a while at the arm's
end.
Shak.
2. Serviceable; helpful. [Obs.]
Be comfortable to my mother, your mistress,
and make much of her.
Shak.
3. Affording or imparting comfort or
consolation; able to comfort; cheering; as, a comfortable
hope. "Kind words and comfortable."
Cowper.
A comfortable provision made for their
subsistence.
Dryden.
4. In a condition of comfort; having
comforts; not suffering or anxious; hence, contented; cheerful;
as, to lead a comfortable life.
My lord leans wondrously to discontent;
His comfortable temper has forsook him:
He is much out of health.
Shak.
5. Free, or comparatively free, from pain
or distress; -- used of a sick person. [U. S.]
Com"fort*a*ble, n. A stuffed
or quilted coverlet for a bed; a comforter; a comfort. [U.
S.]
Com"fort*a*ble*ness, n. State
of being comfortable.
Com"fort*a*bly, adv. In a
comfortable or comforting manner.
Speak ye comfortably to Jerusalem.
Is. xl. 2.
Com"fort*er (?), n.
1. One who administers comfort or
consolation.
Let no comforter delight mine ear
But such a one whose wrongs do suit with mine.
Shak.
2. (Script.) The Holy Spirit, --
referring to his office of comforting believers.
But the Comforter, which is the Holy Ghost,
whom the Father will send in my name, he shall teach you all
things.
John xiv. 26.
3. A knit woolen tippet, long and
narrow. [U. S.]
The American schoolboy takes off his
comforter and unbuttons his jacket before going in for a
snowball fight.
Pop. Sci. Monthly.
4. A wadded bedquilt; a
comfortable. [U. S.]
Job's comforter, a boil.
[Colloq.]
Com"fort*less, a. Without
comfort or comforts; in want or distress; cheerless.
Comfortless through tyranny or might.
Spenser.
Syn. -- Forlorn; desolate; cheerless; inconsolable;
disconsolate; wretched; miserable.
-- Com"fort*less*ly, adv. --
Com"fort*less*ness, n.
When all is coldly, comfortlessly
costly.
Milton.
Com"fort*ment (?), n. Act or
process of administering comfort. [Obs.]
The gentle comfortment and entertainment of
the said embassador.
Hakluyt.
Com"fort*ress (?), n. A woman
who comforts.
To be your comfortress, and to preserve
you.
B. Jonson.
Com"frey (?), n. [Prob. from F.
conferve, L. conferva, fr. confervere to
boil together, in medical language, to heal, grow together. So
called on account of its healing power, for which reason it was
also called consolida.] (Bot.) A rough, hairy,
perennial plant of several species, of the genus
Symphytum.
&fist; A decoction of the mucilaginous root of the "common
comfrey" (S. officinale) is used in cough mixtures, etc.;
and the gigantic "prickly comfrey" (S. asperrimum) is
somewhat cultivated as a forage plant.
Com"ic (?), a. [L. comicus
pertaining to comedy, Gr. &?;: cf. F. comique. See
Comedy.] 1. Relating to comedy, as
distinct from tragedy.
I can not for the stage a drama lay,
Tragic or comic, but thou writ'st the play.
B. Jonson.
2. Causing mirth; ludicrous.
"Comic shows." Shak.
Com"ic, n. A comedian.
[Obs.] Steele.
Com"ic*al (?), a.
1. Relating to comedy.
They deny it to be tragical because its
catastrophe is a wedding, which hath ever been accounted
comical.
Gay.
2. Exciting mirth; droll; laughable; as,
a comical story. "Comical adventures."
Dryden.
Syn. -- Humorous; laughable; funny. See
Droll.
-- Com"ic*al*ly, adv. --
Com"ic*al"ness, n.
Com`i*cal"i*ty (?), n.; pl.
Comicalities (#). The quality of being
comical; something comical.
Com"ic*ry (?), n. The power of
exciting mirth; comicalness. [R.] H. Giles.
Com"ing (?), a. 1.
Approaching; of the future, especially the near future; the
next; as, the coming week or year; the coming
exhibition.
Welcome the coming, speed the parting,
guest.
Pope.
Your coming days and years.
Byron.
2. Ready to come; complaisant;
fond. [Obs.] Pope.
Com"ing, n. 1.
Approach; advent; manifestation; as, the coming of
the train.
2. Specifically: The Second Advent of
Christ.
Coming in. (a) Entrance;
entrance way; manner of entering; beginning. "The goings out
thereof, and the comings in thereof." Ezek. xliii.
11 (b) Income or revenue. "What are
thy comings in?" Shak.
||Co*mi"ti*a (?), n. pl. [L.]
(Rom. Antiq.) A public assembly of the Roman people
for electing officers or passing laws.
&fist; There were three kinds of comitia: comitia
curiata, or assembly of the patricians, who voted in
curiæ; comitia centuriata, or assembly of the whole
Roman people, who voted by centuries; and comitia tributa,
or assembly of the plebeians according to their division into
tribes.
Co*mi"tial (?), a. [L.
comitialis.] Relating to the comitia, or popular
assemblies of the Romans for electing officers and passing
laws. Middleton.
Com"i*ty (?), n.; pl.
Comities (#). [L. comitas, fr.
comis courteous, kind.] Mildness and suavity of
manners; courtesy between equals; friendly civility; as,
comity of manners; the comity of States.
Comity of nations (International
Law), the courtesy by which nations recognize within
their own territory, or in their courts, the peculiar
institutions of another nation or the rights and privileges
acquired by its citizens in their own land. By some authorities
private international law rests on this comity, but the better
opinion is that it is part of the common law of the land, and
hence is obligatory as law.
Syn. -- Civility; good breeding; courtesy; good
will.
Com"ma (?), n. [L. comma
part of a sentence, comma, Gr. &?; clause, fr. &?; to cut off.
Cf. Capon.] 1. A character or point
[,] marking the smallest divisions of a sentence, written or
printed.
2. (Mus.) A small interval (the
difference between a major and minor half step), seldom used
except by tuners.
Comma bacillus (Physiol.), a
variety of bacillus shaped like a comma, found in the intestines
of patients suffering from cholera. It is considered by some as
having a special relation to the disease; -- called also
cholera bacillus. -- Comma
butterfly (Zoöl.), an American
butterfly (Grapta comma), having a white comma-shaped
marking on the under side of the wings.
Com*mand" (?; 61), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Commanded; p. pr.
& vb. n. Commanding.] [OE. comaunden,
commanden, OF. comander, F. commander, fr.
L. com- + mandare to commit to, to command. Cf.
Commend, Mandate.] 1. To order
with authority; to lay injunction upon; to direct; to bid; to
charge.
We are commanded to forgive our enemies,
but you never read that we are commanded to forgive our
friends.
Bacon.
Go to your mistress:
Say, I command her come to me.
Shak.
2. To exercise direct authority over; to
have control of; to have at one's disposal; to lead.
Monmouth commanded the English
auxiliaries.
Macaulay.
Such aid as I can spare you shall
command.
Shak.
3. To have within a sphere of control,
influence, access, or vision; to dominate by position; to guard;
to overlook.
Bridges commanded by a fortified house.
Motley.
Up to the eastern tower,
Whose height commands as subject all the vale.
Shak.
One side commands a view of the finest
garden.
Addison.
4. To have power or influence of the
nature of authority over; to obtain as if by ordering; to receive
as a due; to challenge; to claim; as, justice commands the
respect and affections of the people; the best goods
command the best price.
'Tis not in mortals to command success.
Addison.
5. To direct to come; to bestow.
[Obs.]
I will command my blessing upon you.
Lev. xxv. 21.
Syn. -- To bid; order; direct; dictate; charge; govern;
rule; overlook.
Com*mand", v. i. 1.
To have or to exercise direct authority; to govern; to sway;
to influence; to give an order or orders.
And reigned, commanding in his
monarchy.
Shak.
For the king had so commanded concerning
[Haman].
Esth. iii. 2.
2. To have a view, as from a superior
position.
Far and wide his eye commands.
Milton.
Com*mand", n. 1.
An authoritative order requiring obedience; a mandate; an
injunction.
Awaiting what command their mighty
chief
Had to impose.
Milton.
2. The possession or exercise of
authority.
Command and force may often create, but can
never cure, an aversion.
Locke.
3. Authority; power or right of control;
leadership; as, the forces under his command.
4. Power to dominate, command, or
overlook by means of position; scope of vision; survey.
The steepy stand
Which overlooks the vale with wide command.
Dryden.
5. Control; power over something; sway;
influence; as, to have command over one's temper or voice;
the fort has command of the bridge.
He assumed an absolute command over his
readers.
Dryden.
6. A body of troops, or any naval or
military force or post, or the whole territory under the
authority or control of a particular officer.
Word of command (Mil.), a word or
phrase of definite and established meaning, used in directing the
movements of soldiers; as, aim; fire; shoulder
arms, etc.
Syn. -- Control; sway; power; authority; rule;
dominion; sovereignty; mandate; order; injunction; charge;
behest. See Direction.
Com*mand"a*ble (?), a. Capable
of being commanded.
Com`man*dant" (?), n. [F., orig. p.
pr. of commander.] A commander; the commanding
officer of a place, or of a body of men; as, the
commandant of a navy-yard.
Com*mand"a*to*ry (?), a.
Mandatory; as, commandatory authority.
[Obs.]
Com*mand"er (?), n. [Cf. F.
commandeur. Cf. Commodore, Commender.]
1. A chief; one who has supreme authority; a
leader; the chief officer of an army, or of any division of
it.
A leader and commander to the people.
Is. lv. 4.
2. (Navy) An officer who ranks
next below a captain, -- ranking with a lieutenant colonel in the
army.
3. The chief officer of a
commandery.
4. A heavy beetle or wooden mallet, used
in paving, in sail lofts, etc.
Commander in chief, the military title
of the officer who has supreme command of the land or naval
forces or the united forces of a nation or state; a
generalissimo. The President is commander in chief of the
army and navy of the United States.
Syn. -- See Chief.
Com*mand"er*ship, n. The
office of a commander.
Com*mand"er*y (?), n.; pl.
Commanderies (#). [F. commanderie.]
1. The office or rank of a commander.
[Obs.]
2. A district or a manor with lands and
tenements appertaining thereto, under the control of a member of
an order of knights who was called a commander; -- called
also a preceptory.
3. An assembly or lodge of Knights
Templars (so called) among the Freemasons. [U. S.]
4. A district under the administration of
a military commander or governor. [R.] Brougham.
Com*mand"ing, a. 1.
Exercising authority; actually in command; as, a
commanding officer.
2. Fitted to impress or control; as, a
commanding look or presence.
3. Exalted; overlooking; having superior
strategic advantages; as, a commanding position.
Syn. -- Authoritative; imperative; imperious.
Com*mand"ing*ly, adv. In a
commanding manner.
Com*mand"ment (?), n. [OF.
commandement, F. commandement.] 1.
An order or injunction given by authority; a command; a
charge; a precept; a mandate.
A new commandment I give unto you, that ye
love one another.
John xiii. 34.
2. (Script.) One of the ten laws
or precepts given by God to the Israelites at Mount
Sinai.
3. The act of commanding; exercise of
authority.
And therefore put I on the countenance
Of stern commandment.
Shak.
4. (Law) The offense of commanding
or inducing another to violate the law.
The Commandments, The Ten
Commandments, the Decalogue, or summary of God's
commands, given to Moses at Mount Sinai. (Ex.
xx.)
Com*mand"ress (?), n. A woman
invested with authority to command. Hooker.
Com*mand"ry (?), n. See
Commandery.
Com"mark` (?), n. [OF.
comarque, or LL. commarca, commarcha;
com- + marcha, boundary. See March a
confine.] The frontier of a country; confines. [Obs.]
Shelton.
Com`ma*te"ri*al (?), a.
Consisting of the same material. [Obs.]
Bacon.
Com*mat"ic (?), a. [L.
commaticus, Gr. &?;. See Comma.] Having short
clauses or sentences; brief; concise.
Com"ma*tism (?), n. [See
Commatic.] Conciseness in writing. Bp.
Horsley.
Com*meas"ur*a*ble (?), a. [Cf.
Commensurable.] Having the same measure;
commensurate; proportional.
She being now removed by death, a
commeasurable grief took as full possession of him as joy
had done.
I. Walton.
Com*meas"ure (?), v. t. To be
commensurate with; to equal. Tennyson.
Com*mem"o*ra"ble (?), a. [L.
commemorabilis.] Worthy to be commemorated.
Com*mem"o*rate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Commemorated; p.
pr. & vb. n. Commemorating.] [L.
commemoratus, p. p. of commemorare to remember;
com- + memorare to mention, fr. memor
mindful. See Memory.] To call to remembrance by a
special act or observance; to celebrate with honor and solemnity;
to honor, as a person or event, by some act of respect or
affection, intended to preserve the remembrance of the person or
event; as, to commemorate the sufferings and dying love of
our Savior by the sacrament of the Lord's Supper; to
commemorate the Declaration of Independence by the
observance of the Fourth of July.
We are called upon to commemorate a
revolution.
Atterbury.
Syn. -- See Celebrate.
Com*mem`o*ra"tion (?), n. [L.
commemoratio.] 1. The act of
commemorating; an observance or celebration designed to honor the
memory of some person or event.
This sacrament was designed to be a standing
commemoration of the death and passion of our Lord.
Abp. Tillotson.
The commonwealth which . . . chooses the most
flagrant act of murderous regicide treason for a feast of eternal
commemoration.
Burke.
2. Whatever serves the purpose of
commemorating; a memorial.
Commemoration day, at the University of
Oxford, Eng., an annual observance or ceremony in honor of the
benefactors of the University, at which time honorary degrees are
conferred.
Com*mem"o*ra*tive (?), a.
Tending or intended to commemorate. "A sacrifice
commemorative of Christ's offering up his body for us."
Hammond.
An inscription commemorative of his
victory.
Sir G. C. Lewis.
Com*mem"o*ra`tor (?), n. [L.]
One who commemorates.
Com*mem"o*ra*to*ry (?), a.
Serving to commemorate; commemorative. Bp.
Hooper.
Com*mence" (?), v. i. [imp.
& p. p. Commenced (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Commencing.] [F. commencer, OF.
comencier, fr. L. com- + initiare to begin.
See Initiate.] 1. To have a beginning
or origin; to originate; to start; to begin.
Here the anthem doth commence.
Shak.
His heaven commences ere the world be
past.
Goldsmith.
2. To begin to be, or to act as.
[Archaic]
We commence judges ourselves.
Coleridge.
3. To take a degree at a
university. [Eng.]
I question whether the formality of
commencing was used in that age.
Fuller.
Com*mence", v. t. To enter
upon; to begin; to perform the first act of.
Many a wooer doth commence his suit.
Shak.
&fist; It is the practice of good writers to use the verbal
noun (instead of the infinitive with to) after
commence; as, he commenced studying, not he
commenced to study.
Com*mence"ment (?), n. [F.
commencement.] 1. The first existence
of anything; act or fact of commencing; rise; origin; beginning;
start.
The time of Henry VII. . . . nearly coincides with
the commencement of what is termed "modern history."
Hallam.
2. The day when degrees are conferred by
colleges and universities upon students and others.
Com*mend" (?), v. t. [imp.
& p. p. Commended; p. pr. & vb.
n. Commending.] [L. commendare; com-
+ mandare to intrust to one's charge, enjoin,
command. Cf. Command, Mandate.] 1.
To commit, intrust, or give in charge for care or
preservation.
His eye commends the leading to his
hand.
Shak.
Father, into thy hands I commend my
spirit.
Luke xxiii. 46.
2. To recommend as worthy of confidence
or regard; to present as worthy of notice or favorable
attention.
Among the objects of knowledge, two especially
commend themselves to our contemplation.
Sir M. Hale.
I commend unto you Phebe our sister.
Rom. xvi. 1.
3. To mention with approbation; to
praise; as, to commend a person or an act.
Historians commend Alexander for weeping
when he read the actions of Achilles.
Dryden.
4. To mention by way of courtesy,
implying remembrance and good will. [Archaic]
Commend me to my brother.
Shak.
Com*mend", n. 1.
Commendation; praise. [Obs.]
Speak in his just commend.
Shak.
2. pl. Compliments;
greetings. [Obs.]
Hearty commends and much endeared love to
you.
Howell.
Com*mend"a*ble (?), a. (Formerly
accented on the first syllable.) [L. commendabilis.]
Worthy of being commended or praised; laudable;
praiseworthy.
Order and decent ceremonies in the church are not
only comely but commendable.
Bacon.
-- Com*mend"a*ble*ness, n. --
Com*mend"a*bly, adv.
Com*men"dam (?), n. [LL. dare in
commendam to give into trust.] (Eng. Eccl. Law)
A vacant living or benefice commended to a cleric (usually a
bishop) who enjoyed the revenue until a pastor was provided. A
living so held was said to be held in commendam. The
practice was abolished by law in 1836.
There was [formerly] some sense for
commendams.
Selden.
Partnership in commendam. See under
Partnership.
Com*mend"a*ta*ry (?), n. [Cf. F.
commendataire, LL. commendatarius.] One who
holds a living in commendam.
Com`men*da"tion (?), n. [L.
commendatio.] 1. The act of
commending; praise; favorable representation in words;
recommendation.
Need we . . . epistles of commendation?
2 Cor. iii. 1.
By the commendation of the great
officers.
Bacon.
2. That which is the ground of
approbation or praise.
Good nature is the most godlike
commendation of a man.
Dryden.
3. pl. A message of affection or
respect; compliments; greeting. [Obs.]
Hark you, Margaret;
No princely commendations to my king?
Shak.
Com*mend"a*tor (? or ?), n. [LL.]
One who holds a benefice in commendam; a commendatary.
Chalmers.
Com*mend"a*to*ry (?), a. [L.
commendatorius.] 1. Serving to
commend; containing praise or commendation; commending;
praising. "Commendatory verses." Pope.
2. Holding a benefice in
commendam; as, a commendatory bishop.
Burke.
Commendatory prayer (Book of Common
Prayer), a prayer read over the dying. "The
commendatory prayer was said for him, and, as it ended, he
[William III.] died." Bp. Burnet.
Com*mend"a*to*ry, n. A
commendation; eulogy. [R.] "Commendatories to our
affection." Sharp.
Com*mend"er (?), n. One who
commends or praises.
Com*men"sal (?), n. [LL.
commensalis; L. com- + mensa table: cf. F.
commensal. Cf. Mensal.] 1. One who
eats at the same table. [Obs.]
2. (Zoöl.) An animal, not
truly parasitic, which lives in, with, or on, another, partaking
usually of the same food. Both species may be benefited by the
association.
Com*men"sal (?), a. Having the
character of a commensal.
Com*men"sal*ism (?), n. The
act of eating together; table fellowship.
Com`men*sal"i*ty (?), n.
Fellowship at table; the act or practice of eating at the
same table. [Obs.] "Promiscuous commensality."
Sir T. Browne.
Com`men*sa"tion (?), n.
Commensality. [Obs.]
Daniel . . . declined pagan
commensation.
Sir T. Browne.
Com*men`su*ra*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf.
F. commensurabilité.] The quality of being
commensurable. Sir T. Browne.
Com*men"su*ra*ble (?), a. [L.
commensurabilis; pref. com- + mensurable.
See Commensurate, and cf. Commeasurable.]
Having a common measure; capable of being exactly measured
by the same number, quantity, or measure. --
Com*men"su*ra*ble*ness, n.
Commensurable numbers or
quantities (Math.), those that can
be exactly expressed by some common unit; thus a foot and yard
are commensurable, since both can be expressed in terms of
an inch, one being 12 inches, the other 36 inches. --
Numbers, or Quantities,
commensurable in power, those whose squares
are commensurable.
Com*men"su*ra*bly (?), adv. In
a commensurable manner; so as to be commensurable.
Com*men"su*rate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Commensurated; p.
pr. & vb. n. Commensurating.] [Pref. com-
+ mensurate.] 1. To reduce to a
common measure. Sir T. Browne.
2. To proportionate; to adjust.
T. Puller
Com*men"su*rate (?), a.
1. Having a common measure; commensurable;
reducible to a common measure; as, commensurate
quantities.
2. Equal in measure or extent;
proportionate.
Those who are persuaded that they shall continue
forever, can not choose but aspire after a happiness
commensurate to their duration.
Tillotson.
Com*men"su*rate*ly, adv.
1. In a commensurate manner; so as to be
equal or proportionate; adequately.
2. With equal measure or extent.
Goodwin.
Com*men"su*rate*ness, n. The
state or quality of being commensurate. Foster.
Com*men`su*ra"tion (?), n. [Cf. F.
commensuration.] The act of commensurating; the state
of being commensurate.
All fitness lies in a particular
commensuration, or proportion of one thing to another.
South.
Com"ment (?; 277), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Commented; p. pr.
& vb. n. Commenting.] [F. commenter, L.
commentari to meditate upon, explain, v. intens. of
comminisci, commentus, to reflect upon, invent;
com- + the root of meminisse to remember,
mens mind. See Mind.] To make remarks,
observations, or criticism; especially, to write notes on the
works of an author, with a view to illustrate his meaning, or to
explain particular passages; to write annotations; -- often
followed by on or upon.
A physician to comment on your malady.
Shak.
Critics . . . proceed to comment on
him.
Dryden.
I must translate and comment.
Pope.
Com"ment, v. t. To comment
on. [Archaic.] Fuller.
Com"ment, n. [Cf. OF.
comment.] 1. A remark, observation,
or criticism; gossip; discourse; talk.
Their lavish comment when her name was
named.
Tennyson.
2. A note or observation intended to
explain, illustrate, or criticise the meaning of a writing, book,
etc.; explanation; annotation; exposition.
All the volumes of philosophy,
With all their comments.
Prior.
Com"men*ta*ry (?), n.; pl.
Commentaries (#). [L. commentarius,
commentarium, note book, commentary: cf. F.
commentaire. See Comment, v. i.]
1. A series of comments or annotations;
esp., a book of explanations or expositions on the whole or a
part of the Scriptures or of some other work.
This letter . . . was published by him with a
severe commentary.
Hallam.
2. A brief account of transactions or
events written hastily, as if for a memorandum; -- usually in the
plural; as, Caesar's Commentaries on the Gallic
War.
Com"men*tate (?), v. t. & i. [L.
commentatus, p. p. of commentari to meditate.]
To write comments or notes upon; to make comments.
[R.]
Commentate upon it, and return it
enriched.
Lamb.
Com`men*ta"tion (?), n.
1. The act or process of commenting or
criticising; exposition. [R.]
The spirit of commentation.
Whewell.
2. The result of the labors of a
commentator.
Com"men*ta`tor (?), n. [L.
commentator: cf. F. commentateur.] One who
writes a commentary or comments; an expositor; an
annotator.
The commentator's professed object is to
explain, to enforce, to illustrate doctrines claimed as true.
Whewell.
Com`men*ta*to"ri*al (? or ?), a.
Pertaining to the making of commentaries.
Whewell.
Com"men*ta`tor*ship (?), n.
The office or occupation of a commentator.
Com"ment`er (?), n. One who
makes or writes comments; a commentator; an annotator.
Com`men*ti"tious (?), a. [L.
commentitius.] Fictitious or imaginary; unreal; as, a
commentitious system of religion. [Obs.]
Warburton.
Com"merce (?), n. (Formerly
accented on the second syllable.) [F. commerce, L.
commercium; com- + merx, mercis,
merchandise. See Merchant.] 1. The
exchange or buying and selling of commodities; esp. the exchange
of merchandise, on a large scale, between different places or
communities; extended trade or traffic.
The public becomes powerful in proportion to the
opulence and extensive commerce of private men.
Hume.
2. Social intercourse; the dealings of
one person or class in society with another;
familiarity.
Fifteen years of thought, observation, and
commerce with the world had made him [Bunyan] wiser.
Macaulay.
3. Sexual intercourse. W.
Montagu.
4. A round game at cards, in which the
cards are subject to exchange, barter, or trade.
Hoyle.
Chamber of commerce. See
Chamber.
Syn. -- Trade; traffic; dealings; intercourse;
interchange; communion; communication.
Com*merce" (? or ?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Commerced (#); p>.
pr. & vb. n. Commercing.] [Cf. F.
commercer, fr. LL. commerciare.] 1.
To carry on trade; to traffic. [Obs.]
Beware you commerce not with bankrupts.
B. Jonson.
2. To hold intercourse; to commune.
Milton.
Commercing with himself.
Tennyson.
Musicians . . . taught the people in angelic
harmonies to commerce with heaven.
Prof. Wilson.
Com*mer"cial (?), a. [Cf. F.
commercial.] Of or pertaining to commerce; carrying
on or occupied with commerce or trade; mercantile; as,
commercial advantages; commercial relations.
"Princely commercial houses." Macaulay.
Commercial college, a school for giving
instruction in commercial knowledge and business. --
Commercial law. See under Law.
-- Commercial note paper, a small size of
writing paper, usually about 5 by 7½ or 8 inches. --
Commercial paper, negotiable paper given in
due course of business. It includes bills of exchange, promissory
notes, bank checks, etc. -- Commercial
traveler, an agent of a wholesale house who travels
from town to town to solicit orders.
Syn. -- See Mercantile.
Com*mer"cial*ism (?), n. The
commercial spirit or method. C. Kingsley.
Com*mer"cial*ly, adv. In a
commercial manner.
Com"mi*grate (?), v. i. [L.
commigrare, commigratum.] To migrate
together. [R.]
Com`mi*gra"tion (?), n. [L.
commigratio.] Migration together. [R.]
Woodward.
Com`mi*na"tion (?), n. [L.
comminatio, from comminari to threaten; com-
+ minari to threaten: cf. F. commination.]
1. A threat or threatening; a denunciation
of punishment or vengeance.
With terrible comminations to all them that
did resist.
Foxe.
Those thunders of commination.
I. Taylor.
2. An office in the liturgy of the Church
of England, used on Ash Wednesday, containing a recital of God's
anger and judgments against sinners.
Com*min"a*to"ry (?), a. [Cf. F.
comminatoire.] Threatening or denouncing punishment;
as, comminatory terms. B. Jonson.
Com*min"gle (?), v. t. & i.
[imp. & p. p. Commingled (?); p.
pr. & vb. n. Commingling (?).] To mingle
together; to mix in one mass, or intimately; to blend.
Bacon.
Com"mi*nute (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Comminuted; p. pr.
& vb. n. Comminuting.] [L. comminutus, p.
p. of comminuere to comminute; com- +
minuere to lessen. See Minute.] To reduce to
minute particles, or to a fine powder; to pulverize; to
triturate; to grind; as, to comminute chalk or bones; to
comminute food with the teeth. Pennant.
Comminuted fracture. See under
Fracture.
Com`mi*nu"tion (?), n.
1. The act of reducing to a fine powder or
to small particles; pulverization; the state of being
comminuted. Bentley.
2. (Surg.) Fracture (of a bone)
into a number of pieces. Dunglison.
3. Gradual diminution by the removal of
small particles at a time; a lessening; a wearing away.
Natural and necessary comminution of our
lives.
Johnson.
Com*mis"er*a*ble (?), a.
Pitiable. [Obs.] Bacon.
Com*mis"er*ate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Commiserated; p.
pr. & vb. n. Commiserating.] [L.
commiseratus, p. p. of commiserari to commiserate;
com- + miserari to pity. See Miserable.]
To feel sorrow, pain, or regret for; to pity.
Then must we those, who groan, beneath the
weight
Of age, disease, or want, commiserate.
Denham.
We should commiserate our mutual
ignorance.
Locke.
Syn. -- To pity; compassionate; lament; condole.
Com*mis`er*a"tion (?), n. [F.
commisération, fr. L. commiseratio a part of
an oration intended to excite compassion.] The act of
commiserating; sorrow for the wants, afflictions, or distresses
of another; pity; compassion.
And pluck commiseration of his state
From brassy bosoms and rough hearts of flint.
Shak.
Syn. -- See Sympathy.
Com*mis"er*a*tive (?), a.
Feeling or expressing commiseration. Todd.
Com*mis"er*a`tor (?), n. One
who pities.
Com`mis*sa"ri*al (?), a. Of or
pertaining to a commissary.
Com`mis*sa"ri*at (?; 277), n. [F.
commissariat.] (Mil.) (a) The
organized system by which armies and military posts are supplied
with food and daily necessaries. (b)
The body of officers charged with such service.
Com"mis*sa*ry (?), n.; pl.
Commissaries (#). [LL. commissarius, fr.
L. commissus, p. p. of committere to commit,
intrust to. See Commit.] 1. One to
whom is committed some charge, duty, or office, by a superior
power; a commissioner.
Great Destiny, the Commissary of God.
Donne.
2. (Eccl.) An officer of the
bishop, who exercises ecclesiastical jurisdiction in parts of the
diocese at a distance from the residence of the bishop.
Ayliffe.
3. (Mil.) (a) An
officer having charge of a special service; as, the
commissary of musters. (b) An
officer whose business is to provide food for a body of troops or
a military post; -- officially called commissary of
subsistence. [U. S.]
Washington wrote to the President of Congress . .
. urging the appointment of a commissary general, a quartermaster
general, a commissary of musters, and a commissary
of artillery.
W. Irving
Commissary general, an officer in charge
of some special department of army service; as:
(a) The officer in charge of the commissariat
and transport department, or of the ordnance store
department. [Eng.] (b) The commissary
general of subsistence. [U. S.] -- Commissary
general of subsistence (Mil. U. S.), the
head of the subsistence department, who has charge of the
purchase and issue of provisions for the army.
Com"mis*sa*ry*ship (?), n. The
office or employment of a commissary. Ayliffe.
Com*mis"sion (?), n. [F., fr. L.
commissio. See Commit.] 1. The
act of committing, doing, or performing; the act of
perpetrating.
Every commission of sin introduces into the
soul a certain degree of hardness.
South.
2. The act of intrusting; a charge;
instructions as to how a trust shall be executed.
3. The duty or employment intrusted to
any person or persons; a trust; a charge.
4. A formal written warrant or authority,
granting certain powers or privileges and authorizing or
commanding the performance of certain duties.
Let him see our commission.
Shak.
5. A certificate conferring military or
naval rank and authority; as, a colonel's
commission.
6. A company of persons joined in the
performance of some duty or the execution of some trust; as, the
interstate commerce commission.
A commission was at once appointed to
examine into the matter.
Prescott.
7. (Com.) (a) The
acting under authority of, or on account of, another.
(b) The thing to be done as agent for
another; as, I have three commissions for the city.
(c) The brokerage or allowance made to a
factor or agent for transacting business for another; as, a
commission of ten per cent on sales. See Del
credere.
Commission of array. (Eng. Hist.)
See under Array. -- Commission of
bankruptcy, a commission appointing and empowering
certain persons to examine into the facts relative to an alleged
bankruptcy, and to secure the bankrupt's lands and effects for
the creditors. -- Commission of lunacy,
a commission authorizing an inquiry whether a person is a
lunatic or not. -- Commission merchant,
one who buys or sells goods on commission, as the agent of
others, receiving a rate per cent as his compensation. --
Commission, or Commissioned,
officer (Mil.), one who has a
commission, in distinction from a noncommissioned or warrant
officer. -- Commission of the peace, a
commission under the great seal, constituting one or more persons
justices of the peace. [Eng.] -- To put a vessel
into commission (Naut.), to equip and man a
government vessel, and send it out on service after it has been
laid up; esp., the formal act of taking command of a vessel for
service, hoisting the flag, reading the orders, etc. --
To put a vessel out of commission
(Naut.), to detach the officers and crew and retire it
from active service, temporarily or permanently. --
To put the great seal, or the
Treasury, into commission, to
place it in the hands of a commissioner or commissioners during
the abeyance of the ordinary administration, as between the going
out of one lord keeper and the accession of another. [Eng.]
-- The United States Christian Commission,
an organization among the people of the North, during the
Civil War, which afforded material comforts to the Union
soldiers, and performed services of a religious character in the
field and in hospitals. -- The United States
Sanitary Commission, an organization formed by the
people of the North to coöperate with and supplement the
medical department of the Union armies during the Civil
War.
Syn. -- Charge; warrant; authority; mandate; office;
trust; employment.
Com*mis"sion (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Commissioned (?);
p. pr & vb. n. Commissioning.]
1. To give a commission to; to furnish with
a commission; to empower or authorize; as, to commission
persons to perform certain acts; to commission an
officer.
2. To send out with a charge or
commission.
A chosen band
He first commissions to the Latian land.
Dryden.
Syn. -- To appoint; depute; authorize; empower;
delegate; constitute; ordain.
{ Com*mis"sion*al (?), Com*mis"sion*a*ry (?)
} a. Of, pertaining to, or conferring, a
commission; conferred by a commission or warrant. [R.]
Delegate or commissionary authority.
Bp. Hall.
Com*mis"sion*ate (?), v. t. To
commission [Obs.]
Com*mis"sion*er (?), n.
1. A person who has a commission or warrant
to perform some office, or execute some business, for the
government, corporation, or person employing him; as, a
commissioner to take affidavits or to adjust
claims.
To another address which requested that a
commission might be sent to examine into the state of things in
Ireland, William returned a gracious answer, and desired the
Commons to name the commissioners.
Macaulay.
2. An officer having charge of some
department or bureau of the public service.
Herbert was first commissioner of the
Admiralty.
Macaulay.
The commissioner of patents, the
commissioner of the land office, the commissioner
of Indian affairs, are subordinates of the secretary of the
interior.
Bartlett.
Commissioner of deeds, an officer having
authority to take affidavits, depositions, acknowledgment of
deeds, etc., for use in the State by which he is appointed.
[U. S.] -- County commissioners, certain
administrative officers in some of the States, invested by local
laws with various powers in reference to the roads, courthouses,
financial matters, etc., of the county. [U. S.]
||Com*mis`sion*naire" (?; F. ?), n.
[F., fr. L. commissio.] 1. An agent
or factor; a commission merchant.
2. One of a class of attendants, in some
European cities, who perform miscellaneous services for
travelers.
Com*mis"sion*ship (?), n. The
office of commissioner. Sir W. Scott.
Com*mis"sive (?), a. Relating
to commission; of the nature of, or involving, commission.
[R.]
Com*mis"su*ral (? or ?), a. Of
or pertaining to a commissure.
Com*mis"sure (? or ?; 134-6), n.
[L. commissura a joining together: cf. F.
commissure. See Commit.] 1. A
joint, seam, or closure; the place where two bodies, or parts of
a body, meet and unite; an interstice, cleft, or
juncture.
2. (Anat. & Zoöl.)
(a) The point of union between two parts, as
the angles of the lips or eyelids, the mandibles of a bird,
etc. (b) A collection of fibers
connecting parts of the brain or spinal marrow; a
chiasma.
3. (Bot.) The line of junction or
cohering face of two carpels, as in the parsnip, caraway,
etc.
Com*mit" (?), v. t. [imp. &
p. p. Committed; p. pr. & vb.
n. Committing.] [L. committere,
commissum, to connect, commit; com- +
mittere to send. See Mission.] 1.
To give in trust; to put into charge or keeping; to intrust;
to consign; -- used with to, unto.
Commit thy way unto the Lord.
Ps. xxxvii. 5.
Bid him farewell, commit him to the
grave.
Shak.
2. To put in charge of a jailor; to
imprison.
These two were committed.
Clarendon.
3. To do; to perpetrate, as a crime, sin,
or fault.
Thou shalt not commit adultery.
Ex. xx. 14.
4. To join for a contest; to match; --
followed by with. [R.] Dr. H. More.
5. To pledge or bind; to compromise,
expose, or endanger by some decisive act or preliminary step; --
often used reflexively; as, to commit one's self to a
certain course.
You might have satisfied every duty of political
friendship, without commiting the honor of your
sovereign.
Junius.
Any sudden assent to the proposal . . . might
possibly be considered as committing the faith of the
United States.
Marshall.
6. To confound. [An obsolete
Latinism.]
Committing short and long [quantities].
Milton.
To commit a bill (Legislation),
to refer or intrust it to a committee or others, to be
considered and reported. -- To commit to
memory, or To commit, to learn by
heart; to memorize.
Syn. -- To Commit, Intrust,
Consign. These words have in common the idea of
transferring from one's self to the care and custody of another.
Commit is the widest term, and may express only the
general idea of delivering into the charge of another; as, to
commit a lawsuit to the care of an attorney; or it may
have the special sense of intrusting with or without limitations,
as to a superior power, or to a careful servant, or of
consigning, as to writing or paper, to the flames, or to prison.
To intrust denotes the act of committing to the exercise
of confidence or trust; as, to intrust a friend with the
care of a child, or with a secret. To consign is a more
formal act, and regards the thing transferred as placed chiefly
or wholly out of one's immediate control; as, to consign a
pupil to the charge of his instructor; to consign goods to
an agent for sale; to consign a work to the press.
Com"mit, v. i. To sin; esp.,
to be incontinent. [Obs.]
Commit not with man's sworn spouse.
Shak.
Com*mit"ment (?), n.
1. The act of committing, or putting in
charge, keeping, or trust; consignment; esp., the act of
committing to prison.
They were glad to compound for his bare
commitment to the Tower, whence he was within few days
enlarged.
Clarendon.
2. A warrant or order for the
imprisonment of a person; -- more frequently termed a
mittimus.
3. The act of referring or intrusting to
a committee for consideration and report; as, the
commitment of a petition or a bill.
4. A doing, or perpetration, in a bad
sense, as of a crime or blunder; commission.
5. The act of pledging or engaging; the
act of exposing, endangering, or compromising; also, the state of
being pledged or engaged. Hamilton.
Com*mit"ta*ble (?), a. Capable
of being committed.
Com*mit"tal (?), n. The act of
committing, or the state of being committed;
commitment.
Com*mit"tee (?), n. [Cf. OF.
comité company, and LL. comitatus
jurisdiction or territory of a count, county, assize, army. The
word was apparently influenced by the verb commit, but not
directly formed from it. Cf. County.] One or more
persons elected or appointed, to whom any matter or business is
referred, either by a legislative body, or by a court, or by any
collective body of men acting together.
Committee of the whole [house], a
committee, embracing all the members present, into which a
legislative or deliberative body sometimes resolves itself, for
the purpose of considering a particular measure under the
operation of different rules from those governing the general
legislative proceedings. The committee of the whole has
its own chairman, and reports its action in the form of
recommendations. -- Standing committee.
See under Standing.
Com`mit*tee" (?), n. [From
Commit, v. t.] (Law) One to
whom the charge of the person or estate of another, as of a
lunatic, is committed by suitable authority; a
guardian.
Com*mit"tee*man (?), n. A
member of a committee.
Com*mit"ter (?), n.
1. One who commits; one who does or
perpetrates. South.
2. A fornicator. [Obs.] T.
Decker.
Com*mit"ti*ble (?), a. Capable
of being committed; liable to be committed. [R.] Sir T.
Browne.
Com*mix" (?), v. t. & i.
[imp. & p. p. Commixed (?); p.
pr. & vb. n. Commixing.] [Pref. com- +
mix: cf. L. commixtus, p. p. of commiscere.
See Mix.] To mix or mingle together; to
blend.
The commixed impressions of all the colors
do stir up and beget a sensation of white.
Sir I. Newton.
To commix
With winds that sailors rail at.
Shak.
Com*mix"ion (?), n. [See
Commix.] Commixture. Shak.
Com*mix"tion (?; 106), n. [L.
commixtio.] Commixture; mingling. [R.]
An exact commixtion of the ingredients.
Boyle.
Com*mix"ture (?; 135), n. [L.
commixtura.] 1. The act or process of
mixing; the state of being mingled; the blending of ingredients
in one mass or compound.
In the commixture of anything that is more
oily or sweet, such bodies are least apt to putrefy.
Bacon.
2. The mass formed by mingling different
things; a compound; a mixture. Bacon.
Com"mo*date (?), n. [L.
commodatum thing lent, loan.] (Scots Law) A
gratuitous loan.
Com*mode" (?), n. [F.
commode, fr. commode convenient, L.
commodus; com- + modus measure, mode. See
Mode.] 1. A kind of headdress
formerly worn by ladies, raising the hair and fore part of the
cap to a great height.
Or under high commodes, with looks
erect.
Granville.
2. A piece of furniture, so named
according to temporary fashion; as: (a)
A chest of drawers or a bureau. (b)
A night stand with a compartment for holding a chamber
vessel. (c) A kind of close
stool. (d) A movable sink or stand for
a wash bowl, with closet.
Com*mo"di*ous (?), a. [LL.
commodiosus, fr. L. commodum convenience, fr.
commodus. See Commode.] Adapted to its use or
purpose, or to wants and necessities; serviceable; spacious and
convenient; roomy and comfortable; as, a commodious
house. "A commodious drab." Shak.
"Commodious gold." Pope.
The haven was not commodious to winter
in.
Acts xxvii. 12.
Syn. -- Convenient; suitable; fit; proper;
advantageous; serviceable; useful; spacious; comfortable.
Com*mo"di*ous*ly, adv. In a
commodious manner.
To pass commodiously this life.
Milton.
Com*mo"di*ous*ness, n. State
of being commodious; suitableness for its purpose; convenience;
roominess.
Of cities, the greatness and riches increase
according to the commodiousness of their situation.
Sir W. Temple.
The commodiousness of the harbor.
Johnson.
Com*mod"i*ty (?), n.; pl.
Commodities (#). [F. commodité,
fr. L. commoditas. See Commode.] 1.
Convenience; accommodation; profit; benefit; advantage;
interest; commodiousness. [Obs.]
Drawn by the commodity of a footpath.
B. Jonson.
Men may seek their own commodity, yet if
this were done with injury to others, it was not to be
suffered.
Hooker.
2. That which affords convenience,
advantage, or profit, especially in commerce, including
everything movable that is bought and sold (except animals), --
goods, wares, merchandise, produce of land and manufactures,
etc.
3. A parcel or quantity of goods.
[Obs.]
A commodity of brown paper and old
ginger.
Shak.
Com"mo*dore` (?), n. [Prob. a
corruption of commander, or Sp. comendador a knight
of a military order who holds a commandery; also a superior of a
monastery, fr. LL. commendare to command. Cf.
Commend, Command, Commander.]
1. (U. S. Navy) An officer who ranks
next above a captain; sometimes, by courtesy, the senior captain
of a squadron. The rank of commodore corresponds with that of
brigadier general in the army.
2. (British Navy) A captain
commanding a squadron, or a division of a fleet, or having the
temporary rank of rear admiral.
3. A title given by courtesy to the
senior captain of a line of merchant vessels, and also to the
chief officer of a yachting or rowing club.
4. A familiar for the flagship, or for
the principal vessel of a squadron or fleet.
Com"mon (?), a.
[Compar. Commoner (?);
superl. Commonest.] [OE. commun,
comon, OF. comun, F. commun, fr. L.
communis; com- + munis ready to be of
service; cf. Skr. mi to make fast, set up, build, Goth.
gamains common, G. gemein, and E. mean low,
common. Cf. Immunity, Commune, n.
& v.] 1. Belonging or
relating equally, or similarly, to more than one; as, you and I
have a common interest in the property.
Though life and sense be common to men and
brutes.
Sir M. Hale.
2. Belonging to or shared by, affecting
or serving, all the members of a class, considered together;
general; public; as, properties common to all plants; the
common schools; the Book of Common
Prayer.
Such actions as the common good
requireth.
Hooker.
The common enemy of man.
Shak.
3. Often met with; usual; frequent;
customary.
Grief more than common grief.
Shak.
4. Not distinguished or exceptional;
inconspicuous; ordinary; plebeian; -- often in a depreciatory
sense.
The honest, heart-felt enjoyment of common
life.
W. Irving.
This fact was infamous
And ill beseeming any common man,
Much more a knight, a captain and a leader.
Shak.
Above the vulgar flight of common
souls.
A. Murphy.
5. Profane; polluted. [Obs.]
What God hath cleansed, that call not thou
common.
Acts x. 15.
6. Given to habits of lewdness;
prostitute.
A dame who herself was common.
L'Estrange.
Common bar (Law) Same as Blank
bar, under Blank. -- Common
barrator (Law), one who makes a business of
instigating litigation. -- Common Bench,
a name sometimes given to the English Court of Common
Pleas. -- Common brawler (Law),
one addicted to public brawling and quarreling. See
Brawler. -- Common carrier
(Law), one who undertakes the office of carrying
(goods or persons) for hire. Such a carrier is bound to carry in
all cases when he has accommodation, and when his fixed price is
tendered, and he is liable for all losses and injuries to the
goods, except those which happen in consequence of the act of
God, or of the enemies of the country, or of the owner of the
property himself. -- Common chord
(Mus.), a chord consisting of the fundamental tone,
with its third and fifth. -- Common
council, the representative (legislative) body, or
the lower branch of the representative body, of a city or other
municipal corporation. -- Common crier,
the crier of a town or city. -- Common
divisor (Math.), a number or quantity that
divides two or more numbers or quantities without a remainder; a
common measure. -- Common gender
(Gram.), the gender comprising words that may be of
either the masculine or the feminine gender. --
Common law, a system of jurisprudence
developing under the guidance of the courts so as to apply a
consistent and reasonable rule to each litigated case. It may be
superseded by statute, but unless superseded it controls.
Wharton. It is by others defined as the unwritten law
(especially of England), the law that receives its binding force
from immemorial usage and universal reception, as ascertained and
expressed in the judgments of the courts. This term is often used
in contradistinction from statute law. Many use it to
designate a law common to the whole country. It is also
used to designate the whole body of English (or other) law, as
distinguished from its subdivisions, local, civil, admiralty,
equity, etc. See Law. -- Common lawyer,
one versed in common law. -- Common
lewdness (Law), the habitual performance of
lewd acts in public. -- Common multiple
(Arith.) See under Multiple. --
Common noun (Gram.), the name of any
one of a class of objects, as distinguished from a proper
noun (the name of a particular person or thing). --
Common nuisance (Law), that which is
deleterious to the health or comfort or sense of decency of the
community at large. -- Common pleas,
one of the three superior courts of common law at
Westminster, presided over by a chief justice and four puisne
judges. Its jurisdiction is confined to civil matters. Courts
bearing this title exist in several of the United States, having,
however, in some cases, both civil and criminal jurisdiction
extending over the whole State. In other States the jurisdiction
of the common pleas is limited to a county, and it is sometimes
called a county court. Its powers are generally defined by
statute. -- Common prayer, the liturgy
of the Church of England, or of the Protestant Episcopal church
of the United States, which all its clergy are enjoined to use.
It is contained in the Book of Common Prayer. --
Common school, a school maintained at the
public expense, and open to all. -- Common
scold (Law), a woman addicted to scolding
indiscriminately, in public. -- Common
seal, a seal adopted and used by a
corporation. -- Common sense.
(a) A supposed sense which was held to be the
common bond of all the others. [Obs.] Trench.
(b) Sound judgment. See under
Sense. -- Common time
(Mus.), that variety of time in which the measure
consists of two or of four equal portions. -- In
common, equally with another, or with others;
owned, shared, or used, in community with others; affecting or
affected equally. -- Out of the common,
uncommon; extraordinary. -- Tenant in
common, one holding real or personal property in
common with others, having distinct but undivided interests. See
Joint tenant, under Joint. -- To make
common cause with, to join or ally one's self
with.
Syn. -- General; public; popular; national; universal;
frequent; ordinary; customary; usual; familiar; habitual; vulgar;
mean; trite; stale; threadbare; commonplace. See Mutual,
Ordinary, General.
Com"mon (?), n. 1.
The people; the community. [Obs.] "The weal o' the
common." Shak.
2. An inclosed or uninclosed tract of
ground for pleasure, for pasturage, etc., the use of which
belongs to the public; or to a number of persons.
3. (Law) The right of taking a
profit in the land of another, in common either with the owner or
with other persons; -- so called from the community of interest
which arises between the claimant of the right and the owner of
the soil, or between the claimants and other commoners entitled
to the same right.
Common appendant, a right belonging to
the owners or occupiers of arable land to put commonable beasts
upon the waste land in the manor where they dwell. --
Common appurtenant, a similar right
applying to lands in other manors, or extending to other beasts,
besides those which are generally commonable, as hogs. --
Common because of vicinage or
neighborhood, the right of the inhabitants of each
of two townships, lying contiguous to each other, which have
usually intercommoned with one another, to let their beasts stray
into the other's fields. - - Common
in gross or at large, a common annexed to a
man's person, being granted to him and his heirs by deed; or it
may be claimed by prescriptive right, as by a parson of a church
or other corporation sole. Blackstone. --
Common of estovers, the right of taking
wood from another's estate. -- Common of
pasture, the right of feeding beasts on the land of
another. Burill. -- Common of
piscary, the right of fishing in waters belonging
to another. -- Common of turbary, the
right of digging turf upon the ground of another.
Com"mon, v. i. 1.
To converse together; to discourse; to confer.
[Obs.]
Embassadors were sent upon both parts, and divers
means of entreaty were commoned of.
Grafton.
2. To participate. [Obs.] Sir T.
More.
3. To have a joint right with others in
common ground. Johnson.
4. To board together; to eat at a table
in common.
Com"mon*a*ble (?), a.
1. Held in common. "Forests . . . and
other commonable places." Bacon.
2. Allowed to pasture on public
commons.
Commonable beasts are either beasts of the
plow, or such as manure the ground.
Blackstone.
Com"mon*age (?), n. [Cf. OF.
communage.] The right of pasturing on a common; the
right of using anything in common with others.
The claim of commonage . . . in most of the
forests.
Burke.
Com"mon*al*ty (?), n.; pl.
Commonalties (#). [OF.
communalté; F. communauté, fr.
communal. See Communal.] 1.
The common people; those classes and conditions of people
who are below the rank of nobility; the commons.
The commonalty, like the nobility, are
divided into several degrees.
Blackstone.
The ancient fare of our kings differed from that
of the commonalty in plenteousness only.
Landon.
2. The majority or bulk of mankind.
[Obs.] Hooker.
Com"mon*er (?), n.
1. One of the common people; one having no
rank of nobility.
All below them [the peers] even their children,
were commoners, and in the eye of the law equal to each
other.
Hallam.
2. A member of the House of
Commons.
3. One who has a joint right in common
ground.
Much good land might be gained from forests . . .
and from other commonable places, so as always there be a due
care taken that the poor commoners have no injury.
Bacon.
4. One sharing with another in
anything. [Obs.] Fuller.
5. A student in the university of Oxford,
Eng., who is not dependent on any foundation for support, but
pays all university charges; - - at Cambridge called a
pensioner.
6. A prostitute. [Obs.]
Shak.
Com"mon*ish, a. Somewhat
common; commonplace; vulgar.
Com`mo*ni"tion (?), n. [L.
commonitio. See Monition.] Advice; warning;
instruction. [Obs.] Bailey.
Com*mon"i*tive (?), a.
Monitory. [Obs.]
Only commemorative and commonitive.
Bp. Hall.
Com*mon"i*to*ry (?), a. [L.
commonitorius.] Calling to mind; giving
admonition. [Obs.] Foxe.
Com"mon*ly (?), adv.
1. Usually; generally; ordinarily;
frequently; for the most part; as, confirmed habits
commonly continue through life.
2. In common; familiarly. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Com"mon*ness, n. 1.
State or quality of being common or usual; as, the
commonness of sunlight.
2. Triteness; meanness.
Com"mon*place` (?), a. Common;
ordinary; trite; as, a commonplace person, or
observation.
Com"mon*place`, n.
1. An idea or expression wanting originality
or interest; a trite or customary remark; a platitude.
2. A memorandum; something to be
frequently consulted or referred to.
Whatever, in my reading, occurs concerning this
our fellow creature, I do never fail to set it down by way of
commonplace.
Swift.
Commonplace book, a book in which
records are made of things to be remembered.
Com"mon*place`, v. t. To enter
in a commonplace book, or to reduce to general heads.
Felton.
Com"mon*place`, v. i. To utter
commonplaces; to indulge in platitudes. [Obs.]
Bacon.
Com"mon*place`ness, n. The
quality of being commonplace; commonness.
Com"mons (?), n. pl.,
1. The mass of the people, as distinguished
from the titled classes or nobility; the commonalty; the common
people. [Eng.]
'T is like the commons, rude unpolished
hinds,
Could send such message to their sovereign.
Shak.
The word commons in its present ordinary
signification comprises all the people who are under the rank of
peers.
Blackstone.
2. The House of Commons, or lower house
of the British Parliament, consisting of representatives elected
by the qualified voters of counties, boroughs, and
universities.
It is agreed that the Commons were no part
of the great council till some ages after the Conquest.
Hume.
3. Provisions; food; fare, -- as that
provided at a common table in colleges and
universities.
Their commons, though but coarse, were
nothing scant.
Dryden.
4. A club or association for boarding at
a common table, as in a college, the members sharing the expenses
equally; as, to board in commons.
5. A common; public pasture
ground.
To shake his ears, and graze in
commons.
Shak.
Doctors' Commons, a place near St.
Paul's Churchyard in London where the doctors of civil law used
to common together, and where were the ecclesiastical and
admiralty courts and offices having jurisdiction of marriage
licenses, divorces, registration of wills, etc. --
To be on short commons, to have a small
allowance of food. [Colloq.]
Com"mon sense" (?). See Common sense,
under Sense.
Com"mon*ty (?), n. (Scots
Law) A common; a piece of land in which two or more
persons have a common right. Bell.
Com"mon*weal" (?), n.
[Common + weal.] Commonwealth.
Such a prince,
So kind a father of the commonweal.
Shak.
Com"mon*wealth` (?; 277), n.
[Common + wealth well-being.] 1.
A state; a body politic consisting of a certain number of
men, united, by compact or tacit agreement, under one form of
government and system of laws.
The trappings of a monarchy would set up an
ordinary commonwealth.
Milton.
&fist; This term is applied to governments which are
considered as free or popular, but rarely, or improperly, to an
absolute government. The word signifies, strictly, the common
well-being or happiness; and hence, a form of
government in which the general welfare is regarded rather than
the welfare of any class.
2. The whole body of people in a state;
the public.
3. (Eng. Hist.) Specifically, the
form of government established on the death of Charles I., in
1649, which existed under Oliver Cromwell and his son Richard,
ending with the abdication of the latter in 1659.
Syn. -- State; realm; republic.
Com"mo*rance (?), n. See
Commorancy.
Com"mo*ran*cy (?), n.
1. (Law) A dwelling or ordinary
residence in a place; habitation.
Commorancy consists in usually lying
there.
Blackstone.
2. (Am. Law) Residence
temporarily, or for a short time.
Com"mo*rant (?), n. [L.
commorans, p. pr. of commorari to abide; com-
+ morari to delay.] 1. (Law)
Ordinarily residing; inhabiting.
All freeholders within the precinct . . . and all
persons commorant therein.
Blackstone.
2. (Am. Law) Inhabiting or
occupying temporarily.
Com"mo*rant, n. A
resident. Bp. Hacket.
Com`mo*ra"tion (?), n. [L.
commoratio.] The act of staying or residing in a
place. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.
Com*mo"ri*ent (?), a. [L.
commoriens, p. pr. of commoriri.] Dying
together or at the same time. [R.] Sir G. Buck.
Com*morse" (?), n. [L.
commorsus, p. p. of commordere to bite sharply.]
Remorse. [Obs.] "With sad commorse."
Daniel.
Com*mote" (?), v. t. [See
Commove.] To commove; to disturb; to stir up.
[R.]
Society being more or less commoted and
made uncomfortable.
Hawthorne.
Com*mo"tion (?), n. [L.
commotio: cf. F. commotion. See Motion.]
1. Disturbed or violent motion;
agitation.
[What] commotion in the winds !
Shak.
2. A popular tumult; public disturbance;
riot.
When ye shall hear of wars and
commotions.
Luke xxi. 9.
3. Agitation, perturbation, or disorder,
of mind; heat; excitement. "He could not debate anything
without some commotion." Clarendon.
Syn. -- Excitement; agitation; perturbation;
disturbance; tumult; disorder; violence.
Com*move" (?), v. t. [imp.
& p. p. Commoved (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Commoving.] [L. commovere,
commotum; com- + movere to move.]
1. To urge; to persuade; to incite.
[Obs.] Chaucer.
2. To put in motion; to disturb; to
unsettle. [R.]
Straight the sands,
Commoved around, in gathering eddies play.
Thomson.
Com"mu*nal (? or ?), a. [Cf. F.
communal.] Pertaining to a commune.
Com"mu*nal*ism (?), n. A
French theory of government which holds that commune should be a
kind of independent state, and the national government a
confederation of such states, having only limited powers. It is
advocated by advanced French republicans; but it should not be
confounded with communism.
Com"mu*nal*ist, n. [Cf. F.
communaliste.] An advocate of communalism.
Com`mu*nal*is"tic (?), a.
Pertaining to communalism.
Com*mune" (?), v. i. [imp.
& p. p. Communed (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Communing.] [OF. communier, fr. L.
communicare to communicate, fr. communis common.
See Common, and cf. Communicate.]
1. To converse together with sympathy and
confidence; to interchange sentiments or feelings; to take
counsel.
I would commune with you of such things
That want no ear but yours.
Shak.
2. To receive the communion; to partake
of the eucharist or Lord's supper.
To commune under both kinds.
Bp. Burnet.
To commune with one's self or one's
heart, to think; to reflect; to meditate.
Com"mune (?), n. Communion;
sympathetic intercourse or conversation between
friends.
For days of happy commune dead.
Tennyson.
Com"mune (?), n. [F., fr.
commun. See Common.] 1. The
commonalty; the common people. [Obs.] Chaucer.
In this struggle -- to use the technical words of
the time -- of the "commune", the general mass of the
inhabitants, against the "prudhommes" or "wiser" few.
J. R. Green.
2. A small territorial district in France
under the government of a mayor and municipal council; also, the
inhabitants, or the government, of such a district. See
Arrondissement.
3. Absolute municipal self-
government.
The Commune of Paris, or The
Commune (a) The government
established in Paris (1792-94) by a usurpation of supreme power
on the part of representatives chosen by the communes; the period
of its continuance is known as the "Reign of Terror."
(b) The revolutionary government, modeled on
the commune of 1792, which the communists, so called, attempted
to establish in 1871.
Com*mu`ni*ca*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf.
F. communicabilité.] The quality of being
communicable; capability of being imparted.
Com*mu"ni*ca*ble (?), a. [Cf. F.
communicable, LL. communicabilis.]
1. Capable of being communicated, or
imparted; as, a communicable disease; communicable
knowledge.
2. Communicative; free-speaking.
[Obs.] B. Jonson.
-- Com*mu"ni*ca*ble*ness, n. --
Com*mu"ni*ca"bly, adv.
Com*mu"ni*cant (?), n. [L.
communicans, p. pr.] 1. One who
partakes of, or is entitled to partake of, the sacrament of the
Lord's supper; a church member.
A never-failing monthly communicant.
Atterbury.
2. One who communicates.
Foxe.
Com*mu"ni*cant (?), a.
Communicating. [R.] Coleridge.
Com*mu"ni*cate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Communicated; p.
pr. & vb. n. Communicating.] [L.
communicatus, p. p. of communicare to communicate,
fr. communis common. See Commune, v.
i.] 1. To share in common; to
participate in. [Obs.]
To thousands that communicate our loss.
B. Jonson
2. To impart; to bestow; to convey; as,
to communicate a disease or a sensation; to
communicate motion by means of a crank.
Where God is worshiped, there he
communicates his blessings and holy influences.
Jer. Taylor.
3. To make known; to recount; to give; to
impart; as, to communicate information to any
one.
4. To administer the communion to.
[R.]
She [the church] . . . may communicate
him.
Jer. Taylor.
&fist; This verb was formerly followed by with before
the person receiving, but now usually takes to after
it.
He communicated those thoughts only with
the Lord Digby.
Clarendon.
Syn. -- To impart; bestow; confer; reveal; disclose;
tell; announce; recount; make known. -- To Communicate,
Impart, Reveal. Communicate is the more
general term, and denotes the allowing of others to partake or
enjoy in common with ourselves. Impart is more specific.
It is giving to others a part of what we had held as our own, or
making them our partners; as, to impart our feelings; to
impart of our property, etc. Hence there is something more
intimate in imparting intelligence than in
communicating it. To reveal is to disclose
something hidden or concealed; as, to reveal a secret.
Com*mu"ni*cate, v. i.
1. To share or participate; to possess or
enjoy in common; to have sympathy.
Ye did communicate with my affliction.
Philip. iv. 4.
2. To give alms, sympathy, or
aid.
To do good and to communicate forget
not.
Heb. xiii. 16.
3. To have intercourse or to be the means
of intercourse; as, to communicate with another on
business; to be connected; as, a communicating
artery.
Subjects suffered to communicate and to
have intercourse of traffic.
Hakluyt.
The whole body is nothing but a system of such
canals, which all communicate with one another.
Arbuthnot.
4. To partake of the Lord's supper; to
commune.
The primitive Christians communicated every
day.
Jer. Taylor.
Com*mu`ni*ca"tion (?), n. [L.
communicatio.] 1. The act or fact of
communicating; as, communication of smallpox;
communication of a secret.
2. Intercourse by words, letters, or
messages; interchange of thoughts or opinions, by conference or
other means; conference; correspondence.
Argument . . . and friendly
communication.
Shak.
3. Association; company.
Evil communications corrupt good
manners.
1 Cor. xv. 33.
4. Means of communicating; means of
passing from place to place; a connecting passage;
connection.
The Euxine Sea is conveniently situated for trade,
by the communication it has both with Asia and Europe.
Arbuthnot.
5. That which is communicated or
imparted; intelligence; news; a verbal or written
message.
6. Participation in the Lord's
supper. Bp. Pearson.
7. (Rhet.) A trope, by which a
speaker assumes that his hearer is a partner in his sentiments,
and says we, instead of I or you.
Beattie.
Syn. -- Correspondence; conference; intercourse.
Com*mu"ni*ca*tive (?), a. [Cf. F.
Communicatif, LL. communicativus.] Inclined to
communicate; ready to impart to others.
Determine, for the future, to be less
communicative.
Swift.
Com*mu"ni*ca*tive*ness, n. The
quality of being communicative. Norris.
Com*mu"ni*ca`tor (?), n. [L.]
One who communicates. Boyle.
Com*mu"ni*ca"to*ry (?), a. [LL.
communicatorius.] Imparting knowledge or
information.
Canonical and communicatory letters.
Barrow.
Com*mun"ion (?), n. [L.
communio: cf. F. communion. See Common.]
1. The act of sharing; community;
participation. "This communion of goods."
Blackstone.
2. Intercourse between two or more
persons; esp., intimate association and intercourse implying
sympathy and confidence; interchange of thoughts, purposes, etc.;
agreement; fellowship; as, the communion of
saints.
We are naturally induced to seek communion
and fellowship with others.
Hooker.
What communion hath light with
darkness?
2 Cor. vi. 14.
Bare communion with a good church can never
alone make a good man.
South.
3. A body of Christians having one common
faith and discipline; as, the Presbyterian
communion.
4. The sacrament of the eucharist; the
celebration of the Lord's supper; the act of partaking of the
sacrament; as, to go to communion; to partake of the
communion.
Close communion. See under Close,
a. -- Communion
elements, the bread and wine used in the
celebration of the Lord's supper. -- Communion
service, the celebration of the Lord's supper, or
the office or service therefor. -- Communion
table, the table upon which the elements are placed
at the celebration of the Lord's supper. --
Communion in both kinds, participation in
both the bread and wine by all communicants. --
Communion in one kind, participation in but
one element, as in the Roman Catholic Church, where the laity
partake of the bread only.
Syn. -- Share; participation; fellowship; converse;
intercourse; unity; concord; agreement.
Com"mu*nism (?), n. [F.
communisme, fr. commun common.] A scheme of
equalizing the social conditions of life; specifically, a scheme
which contemplates the abolition of inequalities in the
possession of property, as by distributing all wealth equally to
all, or by holding all wealth in common for the equal use and
advantage of all.
&fist; At different times, and in different countries, various
schemes pertaining to socialism in government and the conditions
of domestic life, as well as in the distribution of wealth, have
been called communism.
Com"mu*nist (?), n. [F.
communiste.] 1. An advocate for the
theory or practice of communism.
2. A supporter of the commune of
Paris.
Com`mu*nis"tic (?), a.
1. Of or pertaining to communism or
communists; as, communistic theories.
2. (Zoöl.) Living or having
their nests in common, as certain birds.
Com*mu"ni*ty (?), n.; pl.
Communities (#). [L. communitas: cf. OF.
communité. Cf. Commonalty, and see
Common.] 1. Common possession or
enjoyment; participation; as, a community of
goods.
The original community of all things.
Locke.
An unreserved community of thought and
feeling.
W. Irving.
2. A body of people having common rights,
privileges, or interests, or living in the same place under the
same laws and regulations; as, a community of monks. Hence
a number of animals living in a common home or with some apparent
association of interests.
Creatures that in communities exist.
Wordsworth.
3. Society at large; a commonwealth or
state; a body politic; the public, or people in
general.
Burdens upon the poorer classes of the
community.
Hallam.
&fist; In this sense, the term should be used with the
definite article; as, the interests of the community.
4. Common character; likeness.
[R.]
The essential community of nature between
organic growth and inorganic growth.
H. Spencer.
5. Commonness; frequency.
[Obs.]
Eyes . . . sick and blunted with
community.
Shak.
Com*mu`ta*bil"i*ty (?), n. The
quality of being commutable.
Com*mut"a*ble (?), a. [L.
commutabilis.] Capable of being commuted or
interchanged.
The predicate and subject are not
commutable.
Whately.
Com*mut"a*ble*ness, n. The
quality of being commutable; interchangeableness.
Com`mu*ta"tion (?), n. [L.
commutatio: cf. F. commutation.] 1.
A passing from one state to another; change; alteration;
mutation. [R.]
So great is the commutation that the soul
then hated only that which now only it loves.
South.
2. The act of giving one thing for
another; barter; exchange. [Obs.]
The use of money is . . . that of saving the
commutation of more bulky commodities.
Arbuthnot.
3. (Law) The change of a penalty
or punishment by the pardoning power of the State; as, the
commutation of a sentence of death to banishment or
imprisonment.
Suits are allowable in the spiritual courts for
money agreed to be given as a commutation for penance.
Blackstone.
4. A substitution, as of a less thing for
a greater, esp. a substitution of one form of payment for
another, or one payment for many, or a specific sum of money for
conditional payments or allowances; as, commutation of
tithes; commutation of fares; commutation of
copyright; commutation of rations.
Angle of commutation (Astron.),
the difference of the geocentric longitudes of the sun and a
planet. -- Commutation of tithes, the
substitution of a regular payment, chargeable to the land, for
the annual tithes in kind. -- Commutation
ticket, a ticket, as for transportation, which is
the evidence of a contract for service at a reduced rate. See 2d
Commute, 2.
Com*mut"a*tive (?), a. [CF. F.
commutatif.] Relative to exchange; interchangeable;
reciprocal. -- Com*mut"a*tive"ly,
adv.
Rich traders, from their success, are presumed . .
. to have cultivated an habitual regard to commutative
justice.
Burke.
Com"mu*ta`tor (?), n.
(Elec.) A piece of apparatus used for reversing the
direction of an electrical current; an attachment to certain
electrical machines, by means of which alternating currents are
made to be continuous or to have the same direction.
Com*mute" (k&obreve;m*mūt"), v.
t. [imp. & p. p. Commuted;
p. pr. & vb. n. Commuting.] [L.
commutare, -mutatum; com- + mutare to
change. See Mutation.] To exchange; to put or
substitute something else in place of, as a smaller penalty,
obligation, or payment, for a greater, or a single thing for an
aggregate; hence, to lessen; to diminish; as, to commute a
sentence of death to one of imprisonment for life; to
commute tithes; to commute charges for
fares.
The sounds water and fire, being once annexed to
those two elements, it was certainly more natural to call beings
participating of the first "watery", and the last "fiery", than
to commute the terms, and call them by the reverse.
J. Harris
The utmost that could be obtained was that her
sentence should be commuted from burning to beheading.
Macaulay.
Com*mute", v. i. 1.
To obtain or bargain for exemption or substitution; to
effect a commutation.
He . . . thinks it unlawful to commute, and
that he is bound to pay his vow in kind.
Jer. Taylor.
2. To pay, or arrange to pay, in gross
instead of part by part; as, to commute for a year's
travel over a route.
Com*mut"er (k&obreve;m*mū"t&etilde;r),
n. One who commutes; especially, one who
commutes in traveling.
Com*mu"tu*al (?; 135), a. [Pref.
com- + mutual.] Mutual; reciprocal;
united. [R.]
There, with commutual zeal, we both had
strove.
Pope.
Co"mose (kō"mōs or
k&osl;*mōs"), a. [L. comosus
hairy, from coma hair.] (Bot.) Bearing a tuft
of soft hairs or down, as the seeds of milkweed.
Gray.
Com*pact" (k&obreve;m*păkt"), p. p. &
a [L. compactus, p. p. of compingere to
join or unite; com- + pangere to fasten, fix: cf.
F. compacte. See Pact.] 1.
Joined or held together; leagued; confederated. [Obs.]
"Compact wit