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*The Project Gutenberg Etext of Webster's Unabridged Dictionary*
<-- Begin file 1 of 10: Version 0.4 of
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Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary
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<-- p. 1 -->
A.
A (named \'be in the English, and most commonly
\'84 in other languages). The first letter of the
English and of many other alphabets. The capital A of the
alphabets of Middle and Western Europe, as also the small letter
(a), besides the forms in Italic, black letter, etc., are all
descended from the old Latin A, which was borrowed from the Greek
Alpha, of the same form; and this was made from the
first letter (Aleph, and itself from the Egyptian
origin. The Aleph was a consonant letter, with a
guttural breath sound that was not an element of Greek
articulation; and the Greeks took it to represent their vowel
Alpha with the \'84 sound, the Ph\'d2nician alphabet
having no vowel symbols.
This letter, in English, is used for several different vowel
sounds. See Guide to pronunciation, 43-74. The
regular long a, as in fate, etc., is a
comparatively modern sound, and has taken the place of what, till
about the early part of the 17th century, was a sound of the
quality of \'84 (as in far).
2. (Mus.) The name of the sixth tone in
the model major scale (that in C), or the first tone of the minor
scale, which is named after it the scale in A minor. The second
string of the violin is tuned to the A in the treble staff. -- A
sharp (A#) is the name of a musical tone intermediate between A
and B. -- A flat (A
A per se (L. per se by
itself), one pre\'89minent; a nonesuch.
[Obs.]
O fair Creseide, the flower and A per se
Of Troy and Greece.
Chaucer.
A (# emph. #). 1.
[Shortened form of an. AS. \'ben one. See
One.] An adjective, commonly called the
indefinite article, and signifying one or
any, but less emphatically. \'bdAt a
birth\'b8; \'bdIn a word\'b8; \'bdAt a
blow\'b8. Shak. It is placed before nouns of the
singular number denoting an individual object, or a quality
individualized, before collective nouns, and also before plural
nouns when the adjective few or the phrase great
many or good many is interposed; as,
a dog, a house, a man; a
color; a sweetness; a hundred, a
fleet, a regiment; a few persons, a great many
days. It is used for an, for the sake of
euphony, before words beginning with a consonant sound [for
exception of certain words beginning with h, see
An]; as, a table, a woman, a year,
a unit, a eulogy, a ewe, a
oneness, such a one, etc. Formally an
was used both before vowels and consonants.
2. [Originally the preposition a
(an, on).] In each; to or for
each; as, \'bdtwenty leagues a day\'b8, \'bda
hundred pounds a year\'b8, \'bda dollar a
yard\'b8, etc.
A (#), prep. [Abbreviated form
of an (AS. on). See On.]
1. In; on; at; by. [Obs.]
\'bdA God's name.\'b8 \'bdTorn a
pieces.\'b8 \'bdStand a tiptoe.\'b8 \'bdA
Sundays\'b8 Shak. \'bdWit that men have now a
days.\'b8 Chaucer. \'bdSet them a work.\'b8
Robynson (More's Utopia)
2. In process of; in the act of; into; to; -- used
with verbal substantives in -ing which begin with a
consonant. This is a shortened form of the preposition
an (which was used before the vowel sound); as in
a hunting, a building, a
begging. \'bdJacob, when he was a dying\'b8 Heb.
xi. 21. \'bdWe'll a birding together.\'b8 \'bd
It was a doing.\'b8 Shak. \'bdHe burst out
a laughing.\'b8 Macaulay. The hyphen may be
used to connect a with the verbal substantive (as,
a-hunting, a-building) or the words may be
written separately. This form of expression is now for the most
part obsolete, the a being omitted and the verbal
substantive treated as a participle.
A. [From AS. of off, from. See
Of.] Of. [Obs.] \'bdThe
name of John a Gaunt.\'b8 \'bdWhat time a
day is it ?\'b8 Shak. \'bdIt's six a
clock.\'b8 B. Jonson.
A. A barbarous corruption of have, of
he, and sometimes of it and of
they. \'bdSo would I a done\'b8
\'bdA brushes his hat.\'b8
Shak.
A. An expletive, void of sense, to fill up the
meter
A merry heart goes all the day,
Your sad tires in a mile-a.
Shak.
A-. A, as a prefix to English words, is derived
from various sources. (1) It frequently signifies on
or in (from an, a forms of AS.
on), denoting a state, as in afoot, on
foot, abed, amiss, asleep,
aground, aloft, away (AS.
onweg), and analogically, ablaze,
atremble, etc. (2) AS. of off, from, as in
adown (AS. ofd\'81ne off the dun
or hill). (3) AS. \'be- (Goth. us-, ur-,
Ger. er-), usually giving an intensive force, and
sometimes the sense of away, on,
back, as in arise, abide,
ago. (4) Old English y- or i-
(corrupted from the AS. inseparable particle ge-,
cognate with OHG. ga-, gi-, Goth.
ga-), which, as a prefix, made no essential addition
to the meaning, as in aware. (5) French \'85 (L.
ad to), as in abase, achieve.
(6) L. a, ab, abs, from, as in
avert. (7) Greek insep. prefix abyss, atheist; akin
to E. un-.
Besides these, there are other sources from which the
prefix a takes its origin.
A 1 (#). A registry mark given by
underwriters (as at Lloyd's) to ships in first-class condition.
Inferior grades are indicated by A 2 and A 3.
A 1 is also applied colloquially to other things to imply
superiority; prime; first-class; first-rate.
\'d8Aam (#), n. [D.
aam, fr. LL. ama; cf. L. hama a
water bucket, Gr. /] A Dutch and German measure of
liquids, varying in different cities, being at Amsterdam about 41
wine gallons, at Antwerp 36\'ab, at Hamburg 38\'ac.
[Written also Aum and Awm.]
\'d8Aard"-vark` (#), n. [D.,
earth-pig.] (Zo\'94l.) An edentate mammal,
of the genus Orycteropus, somewhat resembling a pig,
common in some parts of Southern Africa. It burrows in the
ground, and feeds entirely on ants, which it catches with its
long, slimy tongue.
\'d8Aard"-wolf` (#), n. [D,
earth-wolf] (Zo\'94l.) A carnivorous
quadruped (Proteles Lalandii), of South Africa,
resembling the fox and hyena. See Proteles.
{ Aa*ron"ic (#), Aa*ron"ic*al
(#), } a. Pertaining to Aaron, the
first high priest of the Jews.
Aar"on's rod` (#). [See Exodus vii. 9 and
Numbers xvii. 8] 1. (Arch.) A rod
with one serpent twined around it, thus differing from the
caduceus of Mercury, which has two.
2. (Bot.) A plant with a tall flowering
stem; esp. the great mullein, or hag-taper, and the
golden-rod.
Ab- (#). [Latin prep., etymologically the
same as E. of, off. See Of.]
A prefix in many words of Latin origin. It signifies
from, away , separating, or
departure, as in abduct,
abstract, abscond. See
A-(6).
\'d8Ab (#), n. [Of Syriac
origin.] The fifth month of the Jewish year according
to the ecclesiastical reckoning, the eleventh by the civil
computation, coinciding nearly with August.
W. Smith.
\'d8Ab"a*ca (#), n. [The native
name.] The Manila-hemp plant (Musa
textilis); also, its fiber. See Manila hemp
under Manila.
A*bac"i*nate (#), v.t. [LL.
abacinatus, p.p. of abacinare;
ab off + bacinus a basin.] To
blind by a red-hot metal plate held before the eyes.
[R.]
A*bac`i*na"tion (#), n. The act
of abacinating. [R.]
\'d8Ab`a*cis"cus (#), n.
[Gr./, dim of /. See Abacus.]
(Arch.) One of the tiles or squares of a
tessellated pavement; an abaculus.
Ab"a*cist (#), n. [LL
abacista, fr. abacus.] One who
uses an abacus in casting accounts; a calculator.
A*back" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- + back; AS. on b\'91c at, on,
or toward the back. See Back.] 1.
Toward the back or rear; backward. \'bdTherewith aback
she started.\'b8
Chaucer.
2. Behind; in the rear.
Knolles.
3. (Naut.) Backward against the
mast;-said of the sails when pressed by the wind.
Totten.
To be taken aback. (a) To be driven
backward against the mast; -- said of the sails, also of the ship
when the sails are thus driven. (b) To be suddenly
checked, baffled, or discomfited.
Dickens.
Ab"ack (#), n. An abacus.
[Obs.]
B. Jonson.
Ab*ac"ti*nal (#), a. [L.
ab + E. actinal.]
(Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to the surface or end
opposite to the mouth in a radiate animal; -- opposed to
actinal. \'bdThe aboral or abactinal area.\'b8
L. Agassiz.
Ab*ac"tion (#), n. Stealing
cattle on a large scale. [Obs.]
Ab*ac"tor (#), n. [L., fr.
abigere to drive away; ab+agere to
drive.] (Law) One who steals and drives
away cattle or beasts by herds or droves.
[Obs.]
\'d8A*bac"u*lus (#), n.; pl.
Abaculi (#). [L., dim. of
abacus.] (Arch.) A small tile of
glass, marble, or other substance, of various colors, used in
making ornamental patterns in mosaic pavements.
Fairholt.
Ab"a*cus (#), n.>; E. pl.
Abacuses ; L. pl. Abaci (#).
[L. abacus, abax, Gr. /]
1. A table or tray strewn with sand, anciently used
for drawing, calculating, etc. [Obs.]
2. A calculating table or frame; an instrument for
performing arithmetical calculations by balls sliding on wires,
or counters in grooves, the lowest line representing units, the
second line, tens, etc. It is still employed in China.
3. (Arch.) (a) The uppermost
member or division of the capital of a column, immediately under
the architrave. See Column. (b) A
tablet, panel, or compartment in ornamented or mosaic work.
4. A board, tray, or table, divided into perforated
compartments, for holding cups, bottles, or the like; a kind of
cupboard, buffet, or sideboard.
Abacus harmonicus (Mus.), an
ancient diagram showing the structure and disposition of the keys
of an instrument.
Crabb.
Ab"a*da (#), n. [Pg., the
female rhinoceros.] The rhinoceros.
[Obs.]
Purchas.
A*bad"don (#), n. [Heb.
\'bebadd\'d3n destruction, abyss, fr.
\'bebad to be lost, to perish.] 1.
The destroyer, or angel of the bottomless pit; -- the same
as Apollyon and Asmodeus.
2. Hell; the bottomless pit.
[Poetic]
In all her gates, Abaddon rues
Thy bold attempt.
Milton.
A*baft" (#), prep. [Pref.
a-on + OE. baft, baften,
biaften, AS. be\'91ftan; be by +
\'91ftan behind. See After, Aft,
By.] (Naut.) Behind; toward the
stern from; as, abaft the wheelhouse.
Abaft the beam. See under
Beam.
A*baft", adv. (Naut.) Toward
the stern; aft; as, to go abaft.
A*bai"sance (#), n. [For
obeisance; confused with F. abaisser, E.
abase] Obeisance. [Obs.]
Jonson.
A*bai"ser (#), n. Ivory black
or animal charcoal.
Weale.
<-- p. 2 -->
A*baist" (#), p.p. Abashed;
confounded; discomfited. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Ab*al"ien*ate (#), v.t. [L.
abalienatus, p.p. of abalienare; ab +
alienus foreign, alien. See Alien.]
1. (Civil Law) To transfer the title of
from one to another; to alienate.
2. To estrange; to withdraw.
[Obs.]
3. To cause alienation of (mind).
Sandys.
Ab*al`ien*a"tion (#), n. [L.
abalienatio: cf. F. abalianation.]
The act of abalienating; alienation; estrangement.
[Obs.]
\'d8Ab`a*lo"ne (#), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A univalve mollusk of the genus
Haliotis. The shell is lined with mother-of-pearl, and
used for ornamental purposes; the sea-ear. Several large species
are found on the coast of California, clinging closely to the
rocks.
A*band" (#), v.t. [Contracted
from abandon.]
1. To abandon. [Obs.]
Enforced the kingdom to aband.
Spenser.
2. To banish; to expel. [Obs.]
Mir. for Mag.
A*ban"don (#), v.t.
[imp. & p.p. Abandoned
(#); p.pr. & vb.n.
Abandoning.] [OF. abandoner,
F.abandonner; a (L.
ad)+bandon permission, authority, LL.
bandum, bannum, public proclamation,
interdiction, bannire to proclaim, summon: of Germanic
origin; cf. Goth. bandwjan to show by signs, to
designate OHG. banproclamation. The word meant to
proclaim, put under a ban, put under control; hence, as in OE.,
to compel, subject, or to leave in the control of another, and
hence, to give up. See Ban.] 1. To
cast or drive out; to banish; to expel; to reject.
[Obs.]
That he might . . . abandon them from him.
Udall.
Being all this time abandoned from your bed.
Shak.
2. To give up absolutely; to forsake entirely ; to
renounce utterly; to relinquish all connection with or concern
on; to desert, as a person to whom one owes allegiance or
fidelity; to quit; to surrender.
Hope was overthrown, yet could not be
abandoned.
I. Taylor.
3. Reflexively : To give (one's self) up without
attempt at self-control ; to yield (one's self) unrestrainedly ;
-- often in a bad sense.
He abandoned himself . . . to his favorite
vice.
Macaulay.
4. (Mar. Law) To relinquish all claim
to; -- used when an insured person gives up to underwriters all
claim to the property covered by a policy, which may remain after
loss or damage by a peril insured against.
Syn. -- To give up; yield; forego; cede; surrender; resign;
abdicate; quit; relinquish; renounce; desert; forsake; leave;
retire; withdraw from. -- To Abandon,
Desert, Forsake. These words agree in
representing a person as giving up or
leaving some object, but differ as to the mode of
doing it. The distinctive sense of abandon is that of giving up a
thing absolutely and finally; as, to abandon one's friends,
places, opinions, good or evil habits, a hopeless enterprise, a
shipwrecked vessel. Abandon is more widely applicable
than forsake or desert. The Latin original
of desert appears to have been originally applied to
the case of deserters from military service. Hence, the verb,
when used of persons in the active voice, has usually
or always a bad sense, implying some breach of fidelity, honor,
etc., the leaving of something which the person should rightfully
stand by and support; as, to desert one's colors, to
desert one's post, to desert one's
principles or duty. When used in the passive, the sense is not
necessarily bad; as, the fields were deserted, a
deserted village, deserted halls.
Forsake implies the breaking off of previous habit,
association, personal connection, or that the thing left had been
familiar or frequented; as, to forsake old friends, to
forsake the paths of rectitude, the blood forsook his
cheeks. It may be used either in a good or in a bad
sense.
A*ban"don, n. [F. abandon.
fr. abandonner. See Abandon,
v.] Abandonment; relinquishment.
[Obs.]
\'d8A`ban`don" (#), n. [F. See
Abandon.] A complete giving up to natural
impulses; freedom from artificial constraint; careless freedom or
ease.
A*ban"doned (#), a. 1.
Forsaken, deserted. \'bdYour abandoned
streams.\'b8
Thomson.
2. Self-abandoned, or given up to vice; extremely
wicked, or sinning without restraint; irreclaimably wicked ;
as, an abandoned villain.
Syn. -- Profligate; dissolute; corrupt; vicious; depraved;
reprobate; wicked; unprincipled; graceless; vile. --
Abandoned, Profligate,
Reprobate. These adjectives agree in expressing the idea
of great personal depravity. Profligate has reference to
open and shameless immoralities, either in private life or
political conduct; as, a profligate court, a
profligate ministry. Abandoned is stronger, and
has reference to the searing of conscience and hardening of heart
produced by a man's giving himself wholly up to iniquity; as, a
man of abandoned character. Reprobate describes
the condition of one who has become insensible to reproof, and
who is morally abandoned and lost beyond hope of
recovery.
God gave them over to a reprobate mind.
Rom. i. 28.
A*ban"doned*ly, adv.
Unrestrainedly.
A*ban`don*ee" (#), n.
(Law) One to whom anything is legally
abandoned.
A*ban"don*er (#), n. One who
abandons.
Beau. & Fl.
A*ban"don*ment (#), n. [Cf. F.
abandonnement.]
1. The act of abandoning, or the state of being
abandoned; total desertion; relinquishment.
The abandonment of the independence of Europe.
Burke.
2. (Mar. Law) The relinquishment by the
insured to the underwriters of what may remain of the property
insured after a loss or damage by a peril insured against.
3. (Com. Law) (a) The relinquishment of
a right, claim, or privilege, as to mill site, etc. (b) The
voluntary leaving of a person to whom one is bound by a special
relation, as a wife, husband, or child; desertion.
4. Careless freedom or ease; abandon.
[R.]
Carlyle.
\'d8A*ban"*dum (#), n. [LL. See
Abandon.] (Law) Anything forfeited
or confiscated.
Ab"a*net (#), n. See
Abnet.
\'d8A*ban"ga (#), n. [Name
given by the negroes in the island of St. Thomas.] A
West Indian palm; also the fruit of this palm, the seeds of which
are used as a remedy for diseases of the chest.
{ Ab`an*na"tion (#), Ab`an*nition
(#), } n. [LL.
abannatio; ad + LL. bannire to
banish.] (Old Law) Banishment.
[Obs.]
Bailey.
Ab`ar*tic`u*la"tion (#), n. [L.
ab + E. articulation : cf. F.
abarticulation. See Article.] (Anat.)
Articulation, usually that kind of articulation which admits
of free motion in the joint; diarthrosis.
Coxe.
A*base" (#), v.t.
[imp.&p.p. Abased (#);
p.pr. & vb. n. Abasing.] [F.
abaisser, LL. abassare, abbassare ; ad
+ bassare, fr. bassus low. See Base,
a.]
1. To lower or depress; to throw or cast down;
as, to abase the eye.
[Archaic]
Bacon.
Saying so, he abased his lance.
Shelton.
2. To cast down or reduce low or lower, as in rank,
office, condition in life, or estimation of worthiness; to
depress; to humble; to degrade.
Whosoever exalteth himself shall be abased.
Luke xiv. ll.
Syn. -- To Abase, Debase,
Degrade. These words agree in the idea of bringing down
from a higher to a lower state. Abase has reference to
a bringing down in condition or feelings; as to abase
one's self before God. Debase has reference to the
bringing down of a thing in purity, or making it base.
It is, therefore, always used in a bad sense, as, to
debase the coin of the kingdom, to debase
the mind by vicious indulgence, to debase one's style
by coarse or vulgar expressions. Degrade has reference
to a bringing down from some higher grade or from some
standard. Thus, a priest is degraded from the clerical
office. When used in a moral sense, it denotes a bringing down in
character and just estimation; as, degraded by
intemperance, a degrading employment, etc. \'bdArt is
degraded when it is regarded only as a
trade.\'b8
A*based" (#), a. 1.
Lowered; humbled.
2. (Her.) [F.
abaiss\'82.] Borne lower than usual, as a
fess; also, having the ends of the wings turned downward towards
the point of the shield.
A*bas"ed*ly (#), adv. Abjectly;
downcastly.
A*base"ment (#), n. [Cf. F.
abaissement.] The act of abasing, humbling,
or bringing low; the state of being abased or humbled;
humiliation.
A*bas"er (#), n. He who, or
that which, abases.
A*bash" (#), v.t.
[imp. & p.p. Abashed (#);
p.pr. & vb. n. Abashing.]
[OE. abaissen, abaisshen,
abashen, OF.esbahir, F.
\'82bahir, to astonish, fr. L. ex + the
interjection bah, expressing astonishment. In OE.
somewhat confused with abase. Cf.
Finish.] To destroy the self-possession of;
to confuse or confound, as by exciting suddenly a consciousness
of guilt, mistake, or inferiority; to put to shame; to
disconcert; to discomfit.
Abashed, the devil stood,
And felt how awful goodness is.
Milton.
He was a man whom no check could abash.
Macaulay.
Syn. -- To confuse; confound; disconcert; shame.
-- To Abash, Confuse, Confound.
Abash is a stronger word than confuse, but
not so strong as confound. We are abashed
when struck either with sudden shame or with a humbling sense of
inferiority; as, Peter was abashed in the presence of
those who are greatly his superiors. We are confused when, from
some unexpected or startling occurrence, we lose clearness of
thought and self-possession. Thus, a witness is often confused by
a severe cross-examination; a timid person is apt to be confused
in entering a room full of strangers. We are
confounded when our minds are overwhelmed, as it were,
by something wholly unexpected, amazing, dreadful, etc., so that
we have nothing to say. Thus, a criminal is usually
confounded at the discovery of his guilt.
Satan stood
Awhile as mute, confounded what to say.
Milton.
A*bash"ed*ly (#), adv. In an
abashed manner.
A*bash"ment (#), n. [Cf. F.
\'82bahissement.] The state of being
abashed; confusion from shame.
{ \'d8A*bas"si (#), \'d8A*bas"sis
(#), } n. [Ar.& Per.
ab\'bes\'c6, belonging to Abas (a king of
Persia).] A silver coin of Persia, worth about twenty
cents.
A*bat"a*ble (#), a. Capable of
being abated; as, an abatable writ or
nuisance.
A*bate" (#), v.t.
[imp.& p.p. Abated, p.pr. &
. Abating.] [OF.
abatre to beat down, F. abattre, LL.
abatere; ab or ad + batere,
battere (popular form for L. batuere to
beat). Cf. Bate, Batter.]
1. To beat down; to overthrow.
[Obs.]
The King of Scots . . . sore abated the walls.
Edw. Hall.
2. To bring down or reduce from a higher to a lower
state, number, or degree; to lessen; to diminish; to contract; to
moderate; toto cut short; as, to abate a demand; to
abate pride, zeal, hope.
His eye was not dim, nor his natural force
abated.
Deut. xxxiv. 7.
3. To deduct; to omit; as, to abate
something from a price.
Nine thousand parishes, abating the odd
hundreds.
Fuller.
4. To blunt. [Obs.]
To abate the edge of envy.
Bacon.
5. To reduce in estimation; to deprive.
[Obs.]
She hath abated me of half my train.
Shak.
6. (Law) (a) To bring entirely down or
put an end to; to do away with; as, to abate a
nuisance, to abate a writ. (b) (Eng.
Law) To diminish; to reduce. Legacies are liable to be
abated entirely or in proportion, upon a deficiency of
assets.
To abate a tax, to remit it either wholly or
in part.
A*bate" (#), v.i. [See
Abate, v.t.] 1.
To decrease, or become less in strength or violence; as,
pain abates, a storm abates.
The fury of Glengarry . . . rapidly abated.
Macaulay.
2. To be defeated, or come to naught; to fall
through; to fail; as, a writ abates.
To abate into a freehold, To abate in
lands (Law), to enter into a freehold
after the death of the last possessor, and before the heir takes
possession. See Abatement, 4.
Syn. -- To subside; decrease; intermit; decline; diminish;
lessen. -- To Abate, Subside.
These words, as here compared, imply a coming down from some
previously raised or exited state. Abate expresses
this in respect to degrees, and implies a diminution of force or
of intensity; as, the storm abates, the cold
abates, the force of the wind abates; or,
the wind abates, a fever abates. Subside
(to settle down) has reference to a previous state of agitation
or commotion; as, the waves subside after a storm, the
wind subsides into a calm. When the words are used figuratively,
the same distinction should be observed. If we conceive of a
thing as having different degrees of intensity or strength, the
word to be used is abate. Thus we say, a man's anger
abates, the ardor of one's love abates, \'bdWinter
rage abates\'b8. But if the image be that of a sinking
down into quiet from preceding excitement or commotion, the word
to be used is subside; as, the tumult of the people
subsides, the public mind subsided into a
calm. The same is the case with those emotions which are
tumultuous in their nature; as, his passion subsides,
his joy quickly subsided, his grief
subsided into a pleasing melancholy. Yet if, in such
cases, we were thinking of the degree of violence of the emotion,
we might use abate; as, his joy will abate
in the progress of time; and so in other instances.
A*bate (#), n. Abatement.
[Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
A*bate"ment (#), n. [OF.
abatement, F. abattement.]
1. The act of abating, or the state of being
abated; a lessening, diminution, or reduction; removal or putting
an end to; as, the abatement of a nuisance is the
suppression thereof.
2. The amount abated; that which is taken away by
way of reduction; deduction; decrease; a rebate or discount
allowed.
3. (Her.) A mark of dishonor on an
escutcheon.
4. (Law) The entry of a stranger,
without right, into a freehold after the death of the last
possessor, before the heir or devisee.
Blackstone.
Defense in abatement, Plea in
abatement, (Law), plea to the effect
that from some formal defect (e.g. misnomer, want of
jurisdiction) the proceedings should be abated.
A*bat"er (#), n. One who, or
that which, abates.
{ Ab"a*tis, Aba"t*tis, }
(#) n. [F. abatis,
abattis, mass of things beaten or cut down, fr.
abattre. See Abate.] (Fort.)
A means of defense formed by felled trees, the ends of whose
branches are sharpened and directed outwards, or against the
enemy.
Ab"a*tised (#), a. Provided
with an abatis.
A*ba"tor (#), n. (Law)
(a) One who abates a nuisance. (b) A person who, without
right, enters into a freehold on the death of the last possessor,
before the heir or devisee.
Blackstone.
\'d8A`bat`toir" (#), n.; pl.
Abattoirs (#). [F., fr.
abattre to beat down. See Abate.]
A public slaughterhouse for cattle, sheep, etc.
Ab"a*ture (#), n. [F.
abatture, fr. abattre. See
Abate.] Grass and sprigs beaten or trampled
down by a stag passing through them.
Crabb.
\'d8A`bat`voix" (#), n. [F.
abattre to beat down + voix voice.]
The sounding-board over a pulpit or rostrum.
Ab*awed" (#), p.p. [Perh. p.p.
of a verb fr. OF. abaubir to frighten, disconcert, fr.
L. ad + balbus stammering.] Astonished;
abashed. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
{ Ab*ax"i*al (#), Ab*ax"ile (#),}
a. [L. ab + axis
axle.] (Bot.) Away from the axis or central
line; eccentric.
Balfour.
A*bay" (#), n. [OF.
abay barking.] Barking; baying of dogs upon
their prey. See Bay. [Obs.]
Abb (#), n. [AS.
\'beweb, \'beb; pref. a- +
web. See Web.] Among weaves, yarn
for the warp. Hence, abb wool is wool for the
abb.
Ab"ba (#), n. [Syriac
abb\'be father. See Abbot.]
Father; religious superior; -- in the Syriac, Coptic, and
Ethiopic churches, a title given to the bishops, and by the
bishops to the patriarch.
Ab"ba*cy (#), n.; pl.
Abbacies (#). [L.
abbatia, fr. abbas, abbatis,
abbot. See Abbey.] The dignity, estate, or
jurisdiction of an abbot.
Ab*ba"tial (#), a. [LL.
abbatialis : cf. F. abbatial.]
Belonging to an abbey; as, abbatial
rights.
Ab*bat"ic*al (#), a.
Abbatial. [Obs.]
\'d8Ab"b\'82` (#), n.[F.
abb\'82. See Abbot.] The French
word answering to the English abbot, the head of an
abbey; but commonly a title of respect given in France to every
one vested with the ecclesiastical habit or dress.
\'b5 After the 16th century, the name was given, in social
parlance, to candidates for some priory or abbey in the gift of
the crown. Many of these aspirants became well known in literary
and fashionable life. By further extension, the name came to be
applied to unbeneficed secular ecclesiastics generally.
Littr\'82.
Ab"bess (#), n.
[OF.abaesse, abeesse, F.
abbesse, L. abbatissa, fem. of
abbas, abbatis, abbot. See
Abbot.] A female superior or governess of a
nunnery, or convent of nuns, having the same authority over the
nuns which the abbots have over the monks. See
Abbey.
Ab"bey (#), n.; pl.
Abbeys (#). [OF.
aba\'8be, F. abbaye, L. abbatia,
fr. abbas abbot. See Abbot.] 1. A
monastery or society of persons of either sex, secluded from the
world and devoted to religion and celibacy; also, the monastic
building or buildings.
monks, and governed by
an abbot; the women are called nuns, and governed by
an abbess.
2. The church of a monastery.
<-- p. 3 -->
In London, the Abbey means Westminster Abbey,
and in Scotland, the precincts of the Abbey of Holyrood. The name
is also retained for a private residence on the site of an abbey;
as, Newstead Abbey, the residence of Lord
Byron.
Syn. -- Monastery; convent; nunnery; priory; cloister. See
Cloister.
Ab"bot (#), n. [AS.
abbod, abbad, L. abbas,
abbatis, Gr. /, fr. Syriac abb\'be
father. Cf. Abba, Abb\'90.]
1. The superior or head of an abbey.
2. One of a class of bishops whose sees were
formerly abbeys.
Encyc. Brit.
Abbot of the people. a title formerly given to
one of the chief magistrates in Genoa. -- Abbot
of Misrule (or Lord of Misrule), in
medi\'91val times, the master of revels, as at Christmas; in
Scotland called the Abbot of Unreason.
Encyc. Brit.
Ab"bot*ship (#), n.
[Abbot + -ship.] The state
or office of an abbot.
Ab*bre"vi*ate (#), v.t.
[imp. & p.p. Abbreviated
(#); p.pr. & vb.n.
Abbreviating.] [L.
abbreviatus, p.p. of abbreviare; ad +
breviare to shorten, fr. brevis short. See
Abridge.] 1. To make briefer; to
shorten; to abridge; to reduce by contraction or omission,
especially of words written or spoken.
It is one thing to abbreviate by contracting,
another by cutting off.
Bacon.
2. (Math.) To reduce to lower terms, as
a fraction.
Ab*bre"vi*ate (#), a. [L.
abbreviatus, p.p.] 1. Abbreviated;
abridged; shortened. [R.] \'bdThe
abbreviate form.\'b8
Earle.
2. (Biol.) Having one part relatively
shorter than another or than the ordinary type.
Ab*bre"vi*ate, n. An abridgment.
[Obs.]
Elyot.
Ab*bre"vi*a`ted (#), a.
Shortened; relatively short; abbreviate.
Ab*bre`vi*a"tion (#), n. [LL.
abbreviatio: cf. F. abbr\'82viation.]
1. The act of shortening, or reducing.
2. The result of abbreviating; an abridgment.
Tylor.
3. The form to which a word or phrase is reduced by
contraction and omission; a letter or letters, standing for a
word or phrase of which they are a part; as,
Gen. for Genesis;
U.S.A. for United States of
America.
4. (Mus.) One dash, or more, through the
stem of a note, dividing it respectively into quavers,
semiquavers, or demi-semiquavers.
Moore.
Ab*bre"vi*a`tor (#), n. [LL.:
cf. F. abbr\'82viateur.] 1. One
who abbreviates or shortens.
2. One of a college of seventy-two officers of the
papal court whose duty is to make a short minute of a decision on
a petition, or reply of the pope to a letter, and afterwards
expand the minute into official form.
Ab*bre"vi*a*to*ry (#), a.
Serving or tending to abbreviate; shortening;
abridging.
Ab*bre"vi*a*ture (#), n. 1.
An abbreviation; an abbreviated state or form.
[Obs.]
2. An abridgment; a compendium or abstract.
This is an excellent abbreviature of the whole duty
of a Christian.
Jer. Taylor.
Abb" wool (#). See Abb.
A B C" (#). 1. The first three
letters of the alphabet, used for the whole alphabet.
2. A primer for teaching the alphabet and first
elements of reading. [Obs.]
3. The simplest rudiments of any subject; as,
the A B C of finance.
A B C book, a primer.
Shak.
\'d8Ab"dal (#), n. [Ar.
bad\'c6l, pl. abd\'bel, a substitute, a
good, religious man, saint, fr. badala to change,
substitute.] A religious devotee or dervish in
Persia.
Ab*de"ri*an (#), a. [From
Abdera, a town in Thrace, of which place Democritus,
the Laughing Philosopher, was a native.] Given to
laughter; inclined to foolish or incessant merriment.
Ab*de"rite (#), n. [L.
Abderita, Abderites, fr. Gr. '/.]
An inhabitant of Abdera, in Thrace.
The Abderite, Democritus, the Laughing
Philosopher.
Ab"dest (#), n. [Per.
\'bebdast; ab water + dast
hand.] Purification by washing the hands before
prayer; -- a Mohammedan rite.
Heyse.
Ab"di*ca*ble (#), a. Capable of
being abdicated.
Ab"di*cant (#), a. [L.
abdicans, p.pr. of abdicare.]
Abdicating; renouncing; -- followed by of.
Monks abdicant of their orders.
Whitlock.
Ab"di*cant, n. One who abdicates.
Smart.
Ab"di*cate (#), v.t.
[imp. & p.p. Abdicated
(#); p.pr. & vb.n.
Abdicating.] [L. abdicatus,
p.p. of abdicare; ab + dicare to proclaim,
akin to dicere to say. See Diction.]
1. To surrender or relinquish, as sovereign power;
to withdraw definitely from filling or exercising, as a high
office, station, dignity; as, to abdicate the
throne, the crown, the papacy.
abdicate was held to mean, in
the case of James II., to abandon without a formal
surrender.
The cross-bearers abdicated their service.
Gibbon.
2. To renounce; to relinquish; -- said of
authority, a trust, duty, right, etc.
He abdicates all right to be his own governor.
Burke.
The understanding abdicates its functions.
Froude.
3. To reject; to cast off.
[Obs.]
Bp. Hall.
4. (Civil Law) To disclaim and expel
from the family, as a father his child; to disown; to
disinherit.
Syn. -- To give up; quit; vacate; relinquish; forsake;
abandon; resign; renounce; desert. -- To
Abdicate, Resign. Abdicate commonly
expresses the act of a monarch in voluntary and formally yielding
up sovereign authority; as, to abdicate the
government. Resign is applied to the act of any
person, high or low, who gives back an office or trust into the
hands of him who conferred it. Thus, a minister
resigns, a military officer resigns, a
clerk resigns. The expression, \'bdThe king
resigned his crown,\'b8 sometimes occurs in our later
literature, implying that he held it from his people. -- There
are other senses of resign which are not here brought
into view.
Ab"di*cate (#), v.i. To
relinquish or renounce a throne, or other high office or
dignity.
Though a king may abdicate for his own person, he
cannot abdicate for the monarchy.
Burke.
Ab`di*ca"tion (#), n. [L.
abdicatio: cf. F. abdication.]
The act of abdicating; the renunciation of a high office,
dignity, or trust, by its holder; commonly the voluntary
renunciation of sovereign power; as, abdication of
the throne, government, power, authority.
Ab"di*ca*tive (#), a. [L.
abdicativus.] Causing, or implying,
abdication. [R.]
Bailey.
Ab"di*ca`tor (#), n. One who
abdicates.
Ab"di*tive (#), a. [L.
abditivus, fr. abdere to hide.]
Having the quality of hiding. [R.]
Bailey.
Ab"di*to*ry (#), n. [L.
abditorium.] A place for hiding or
preserving articles of value.
Cowell.
Ab*do"men (#), n. [L.
abdomen (a word of uncertain etymol.): cf. F.
abdomen.] 1. (Anat.)
The belly, or that part of the body between the thorax and
the pelvis. Also, the cavity of the belly, which is lined by the
peritoneum, and contains the stomach, bowels, and other viscera.
In man, often restricted to the part between the diaphragm and
the commencement of the pelvis, the remainder being called the
pelvic cavity.
2. (Zo\'94l.) The posterior section of
the body, behind the thorax, in insects, crustaceans, and other
Arthropoda.
Ab*dom"i*nal (#), a. [Cf. F.
abdominal.] 1. Of or pertaining to
the abdomen; ventral; as, the abdominal regions,
muscles, cavity.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Having abdominal fins;
belonging to the Abdominales; as, abdominal
fishes.
Abdominal ring (Anat.), a fancied
ringlike opening on each side of the abdomen, external and
superior to the pubes; -- called also inguinal
ring.
Ab*dom"i*nal, n.; E. pl.
Abdominals, L. pl. Abdominales.
A fish of the group Abdominales.
\'d8Ab*dom`i*na"les (#), n. pl.
[NL., masc. pl.] (Zo\'94l.) A group
including the greater part of fresh-water fishes, and many marine
ones, having the ventral fins under the abdomen behind the
pectorals.
\'d8Ab*dom`i*na"li*a (#), n. pl.
[NL., neut. pl.] (Zo\'94l.) A group of
cirripeds having abdominal appendages.
Ab*dom`i*nos"co*py (#), n. [L.
abdomen + Gr. / to examine.] (Med.)
Examination of the abdomen to detect abdominal
disease.
Ab*dom`i*no*tho*rac"ic (#), a.
Relating to the abdomen and the thorax, or chest.
Ab*dom"i*nous (#), a. Having a
protuberant belly; pot-bellied.
Gorgonius sits, abdominous and wan,
Like a fat squab upon a Chinese fan.
Cowper.
Ab*duce" (#), v.t.
[imp. & p.p. Abduced (#);
p.pr. & vb.n. Abducing.] [L.
abducere to lead away; ab + ducere to lead.
See Duke, and cf. Abduct.] To draw
or conduct away; to withdraw; to draw to a different part.
[Obs.]
If we abduce the eye unto either corner, the object
will not duplicate.
Sir T. Browne.
Ab*duct" (#), v.t.
[imp. & p.p. Abducted
(#); p.pr. & vb.n.
Abducting.] [L. abductus,
p.p. of abducere. See Abduce.]
1. To take away surreptitiously by force; to carry
away (a human being) wrongfully and usually by violence; to
kidnap.
2. To draw away, as a limb or other part, from its
ordinary position.
Ab*duc"tion (#), n. [L.
abductio: cf. F. abduction.]
1. The act of abducing or abducting; a drawing
apart; a carrying away.
Roget.
2. (Physiol.) The movement which
separates a limb or other part from the axis, or middle line, of
the body.
3. (Law) The wrongful, and usually the
forcible, carrying off of a human being; as, the
abduction of a child, the abduction of an
heiress.
4. (Logic) A syllogism or form of
argument in which the major is evident, but the minor is only
probable.
Ab*duc"tor (#), n. [NL.]
1. One who abducts.
2. (Anat.) A muscle which serves to draw
a part out, or form the median line of the body; as, the
abductor oculi, which draws the eye outward.
A*beam" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- + beam.] (Naut.)
On the beam, that is, on a line which forms a right angle
with the ship's keel; opposite to the center of the ship's
side.
A*bear" (#), v.t. [AS.
\'beberan; pref. \'be- + beran
to bear.] 1. To bear; to behave.
[Obs.]
So did the faery knight himself abear.
Spenser.
2. To put up with; to endure.
[Prov.]
Dickens.
A*bear"ance (#), n.
Behavior. [Obs.]
Blackstone.
A*bear"ing, n. Behavior.
[Obs.]
Sir. T. More.
A`be*ce*da"ri*an (#), n. [L.
abecedarius. A word from the first four letters of the
alphabet.] 1. One who is learning the
alphabet; hence, a tyro.
2. One engaged in teaching the alphabet.
Wood.
{ A`be*ce*da"ri*an, A`be*ce"da*ry
(#), } a. Pertaining to, or formed
by, the letters of the alphabet; alphabetic; hence,
rudimentary.
Abecedarian psalms, hymns,
etc., compositions in which (like the 119th psalm in Hebrew)
distinct portions or verses commence with successive letters of
the alphabet.
Hook.
A`be*ce"da*ry (#), n. A primer;
the first principle or rudiment of anything.
[R.]
Fuller.
A*bed" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- in, on + bed.] 1. In
bed, or on the bed.
Not to be abed after midnight.
Shak.
2. To childbed (in the phrase \'bdbrought
abed,\'b8 that is, delivered of a child).
Shak.
A*beg"ge (#). Same as Aby.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
A*bele" (#), n. [D.
abeel (abeel-boom), OF.
abel, aubel, fr. a dim. of L.
albus white.] The white polar (Populus
alba).
Six abeles i' the churchyard grow.
Mrs. Browning.
{ A*bel"i*an (#), A"bel*ite
(#), A`bel*o"ni*an (#), }
n. (Eccl. Hist.) One of a sect in
Africa (4th century), mentioned by St. Augustine, who states that
they married, but lived in continence, after the manner, as they
pretended, of Abel.
A"bel*mosk` (#), n. [NL.
abelmoschus, fr. Ar.
abu-l-misk father of musk,
i.e., producing musk. See
Musk.] (Bot.) An evergreen shrub
(Hibiscus -- formerly Abelmoschus-moschatus), of
the East and West Indies and Northern Africa, whose musky seeds
are used in perfumery and to flavor coffee; -- sometimes called
musk mallow.
Ab` er-de-vine" (#), n. (Zo\'94l.)
The European siskin (Carduelis spinus), a small
green and yellow finch, related to the goldfinch.
Ab*err" (#), v.i. [L.
aberrare. See Aberrate.] To
wander; to stray. [Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
{ Ab*er"rance (#), Ab*er"ran*cy
(#), } n. State of being aberrant;
a wandering from the right way; deviation from truth, rectitude,
etc.
Aberrancy of curvature (Geom.), the
deviation of a curve from a circular form.
Ab*er"rant (#), a. [L.
aberrans, -rantis, p.pr. of
aberrare.] See Aberr.] 1.
Wandering; straying from the right way.
2. (Biol.) Deviating from the ordinary
or natural type; exceptional; abnormal.
The more aberrant any form is, the greater must
have been the number of connecting forms which, on my theory,
have been exterminated.
Darwin.
Ab"er*rate (#), v.i. [L.
aberratus, p.pr. of aberrare; ab +
errare to wander. See Err.] To go
astray; to diverge. [R.]
Their own defective and aberrating vision.
De Quincey.
Ab`er*ra"tion (#), n. [L.
aberratio: cf. F. aberration. See
Aberrate.] 1. The act of wandering;
deviation, especially from truth or moral rectitude, from the
natural state, or from a type. \'bdThe
aberration of youth.\'b8 Hall.
\'bdAberrations from theory.\'b8 Burke.
2. A partial alienation of reason.
\'bdOccasional aberrations of intellect.\'b8
Lingard.
Whims, which at first are the aberrations of a
single brain, pass with heat into epidemic form.
I. Taylor.
3. (Astron.) A small periodical change
of position in the stars and other heavenly bodies, due to the
combined effect of the motion of light and the motion of the
observer; called annual aberration, when the
observer's motion is that of the earth in its orbit, and
dairy or diurnal aberration, when of the
earth on its axis; amounting when greatest, in the former case,
to 20.4'', and in the latter, to 0.3''. Planetary
aberration is that due to the motion of light and the
motion of the planet relative to the earth.
4. (Opt.) The convergence to different
foci, by a lens or mirror, of rays of light emanating from one
and the same point, or the deviation of such rays from a single
focus; called spherical aberration, when due to the
spherical form of the lens or mirror, such form giving different
foci for central and marginal rays; and chromatic
aberration, when due to different refrangibilities of the
colored rays of the spectrum, those of each color having a
distinct focus.
5. (Physiol.) The passage of blood or
other fluid into parts not appropriate for it.
6. (Law) The producing of an unintended
effect by the glancing of an instrument, as when a shot intended
for A glances and strikes B.
Syn. -- Insanity; lunacy; madness; derangement; alienation;
mania; dementia; hallucination; illusion; delusion. See
Insanity.
Ab`er*ra"tion*al (#), a.
Characterized by aberration.
Ab`e*run"cate (#), v.t. [L.
aberuncare, for aberruncare. See
Averruncate.] To weed out.
[Obs.]
Bailey.
Ab`e*run"ca*tor (#), n. A
weeding machine.
A*bet" (#), v.t.
[imp. & p.p. Abetted (#);
p.pr. & vb.n. Abetting.]
[OF. abeter; a (L. ad) +
beter to bait (as a bear), fr. Icel. beita
to set dogs on, to feed, originally, to cause to bite, fr. Icel.
b\'c6ta to bite, hence to bait, to incite. See
Bait, Bet.] 1. To instigate
or encourage by aid or countenance; -- used in a bad sense of
persons and acts; as, to abet an ill-doer; to
abet one in his wicked courses; to abet vice;
to abet an insurrection. \'bdThe whole tribe
abets the villany.\'b8
South.
Would not the fool abet the stealth,
Who rashly thus exposed his wealth?
Gay.
2. To support, uphold, or aid; to maintain; -- in a
good sense. [Obs.].
Our duty is urged, and our confidence abetted.
Jer. Taylor.
3. (Law)To contribute, as an assistant
or instigator, to the commission of an offense.
Syn. -- To incite; instigate; set on; egg on; foment;
advocate; countenance; encourage; second; uphold; aid; assist;
support; sustain; back; connive at.
A*bet" (#), n. [OF.
abet, fr. abeter.] Act of
abetting; aid. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
A*bet"ment (#), n. The act of
abetting; as, an abetment of treason, crime,
etc.
A*bet"tal (#), n.
Abetment. [R.]
<-- p. 4 -->
{ A*bet"ter, A*bet*tor }
(#), n. One who abets; an instigator of
an offense or an offender.
abettor is the legal term and
also in general use.
Syn. -- Abettor, Accessory,
Accomplice. These words denote different
degrees of complicity in some deed or crime. An
abettor is one who incites or encourages to the act,
without sharing in its performance. An accessory
supposes a principal offender. One who is neither the chief actor
in an offense, nor present at its performance, but
accedes to or becomes involved in its guilt, either by
some previous or subsequent act, as of instigating, encouraging,
aiding, or concealing, etc., is an accessory. An
accomplice is one who participates in the commission
of an offense, whether as principal or accessory. Thus in
treason, there are no abettors or
accessories, but all are held to be principals or
accomplices.
Ab`e*vac"u*a"tion (#), n.
[Pref. ab- + evacuation.]
(Med.) A partial evacuation.
Mayne.
A*bey"ance (#), n. [OF.
abeance expectation, longing; a (L.
ad) + baer, beer, to gape, to
look with open mouth, to expect, F. bayer, LL.
badare to gape.] 1. (Law)
Expectancy; condition of being undetermined.
abeyance, that is, in expectation; the law considering
it as always potentially existing, and ready to vest whenever a
proper owner appears.
Blackstone.
2. Suspension; temporary suppression.
Keeping the sympathies of love and admiration in a dormant
state, or state of abeyance.
De Quincey.
A*bey"an*cy (#), n.
Abeyance. [R.]
Hawthorne.
A*bey"ant (#), a. Being in a
state of abeyance.
\'d8Ab"hal (#), n. The berries
of a species of cypress in the East Indies.
Ab*hom"i*na*ble (#), a.
Abominable. [A false orthography anciently used;
h was foisted into various words; hence
abholish, for abolish, etc.]
This is abhominable, which he [Don Armado] would
call abominable.
Shak. Love's Labor's Lost, v. 1.
Ab*hom`i*nal (#), a. [L.
ab away from + homo, hominis,
man.] Inhuman. [Obs.]
Fuller.
Ab*hor" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Abhorred
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Abhorring.] [L. abhorrere;
ab + horrere to bristle, shiver, shudder: cf. F.
abhorrer. See Horrid.] 1.
To shrink back with shuddering from; to regard with horror
or detestation; to feel excessive repugnance toward; to detest to
extremity; to loathe.
Abhor that which is evil; cleave to that which is
good.
Rom. xii. 9.
2. To fill with horror or disgust.
[Obs.]
It doth abhor me now I speak the word.
Shak.
3. (Canon Law) To protest against; to
reject solemnly. [Obs.]
I utterly abhor, yea, from my soul
Refuse you for my judge.
Shak.
Syn. -- To hate; detest; loathe; abominate. See
Hate.
Ab*hor", v. i. To shrink back with
horror, disgust, or dislike; to be contrary or averse; --
with from. [Obs.] \'bdTo
abhor from those vices.\'b8
Udall.
Which is utterly abhorring from the end of all
law.
Milton.
Ab*hor"rence (#), n. Extreme
hatred or detestation; the feeling of utter dislike.
Ab*hor"ren*cy (#), n.
Abhorrence. [Obs.]
Locke.
Ab*hor"rent (#), a. [L.
abhorens, -rentis, p. pr. of
abhorrere.] 1. Abhorring;
detesting; having or showing abhorrence; loathing; hence,
strongly opposed to; as, abhorrent
thoughts.
The persons most abhorrent from blood and
treason.
Burke.
The arts of pleasure in despotic courts
I spurn abhorrent.
Clover.
2. Contrary or repugnant; discordant; inconsistent;
-- followed by to. \'bdInjudicious profanation,
so abhorrent to our stricter principles.\'b8
Gibbon.
3. Detestable. \'bdPride,
abhorrent as it is.\'b8
I. Taylor.
Ab*hor"rent*ly, adv. With
abhorrence.
Ab*hor"rer (#), n. One who
abhors.
Hume.
Ab*hor"ri*ble (#), a.
Detestable. [R.]
Ab*hor"ring (#), n. 1.
Detestation.
Milton.
2. Object of abhorrence.
Isa. lxvi. 24.
\'d8A"bib (#), n. [Heb.
ab\'c6b, lit. an ear of corn. The month was so called
from barley being at that time in ear.] The first
month of the Jewish ecclesiastical year, corresponding nearly to
our April. After the Babylonish captivity this month was called
Nisan.
Kitto.
A*bid"ance (#), n. The state of
abiding; abode; continuance; compliance (with).
The Christians had no longer abidance in the holy
hill of Palestine.
Fuller.
A judicious abidance by rules.
Helps.
A*bide" (#), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Abode (#),
formerly Abid(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Abiding (#).] [AS.
\'beb\'c6dan; pref. \'be- (cf. Goth.
us-, G. er-, orig. meaning out)
+ b\'c6dan to bide. See Bide.]
1. To wait; to pause; to delay.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
2. To stay; to continue in a place; to have one's
abode; to dwell; to sojourn; -- with with before a
person, and commonly with at or in before a
place.
Let the damsel abide with us a few days.
Gen. xxiv. 55.
3. To remain stable or fixed in some state or
condition; to continue; to remain.
Let every man abide in the same calling.
1 Cor. vii. 20.
Followed by by: To abide by. (a)
To stand to; to adhere; to maintain.
The poor fellow was obstinate enough to abide by
what he said at first.
Fielding.
(b) To acquiesce; to conform to; as, to abide
by a decision or an award.
A*bide", v. t. 1. To wait for;
to be prepared for; to await; to watch for; as, I
abide my time. \'bdI will abide
the coming of my lord.\'b8
Tennyson.
[[Obs.], with a personal object.
Bonds and afflictions abide me.
Acts xx. 23.
2. To endure; to sustain; to submit to.
[Thou] shalt abide her judgment on it.
Tennyson.
3. To bear patiently; to tolerate; to put up
with.
She could not abide Master Shallow.
Shak.
4. [Confused with aby to pay for. See
Aby.] To stand the consequences of; to
answer for; to suffer for.
Dearly I abide that boast so vain.
Milton.
A*bid"er (#), n. 1.
One who abides, or continues. [Obs.]
\'bdSpeedy goers and strong abiders.\'b8
Sidney.
2. One who dwells; a resident.
Speed.
A*bid"ing, a. Continuing; lasting.
A*bid"ing*ly, adv. Permanently.
Carlyle.
\'d8A"bi*es (#), n. [L., fir
tree.] (Bot.) A genus of coniferous trees,
properly called Fir, as the balsam fir and the silver fir. The
spruces are sometimes also referred to this genus.
Ab"i*e*tene (#), n. [L.
abies, abietis, a fir tree.] A
volatile oil distilled from the resin or balsam of the nut pine
(Pinus sabiniana) of California.
Ab`i*et"ic (#), a. Of or
pertaining to the fir tree or its products; as,
abietic acid, called also sylvic
acid.
Watts.
{ Ab"i*e*tin, Ab"i*e*tine }
(#), n. [See Abietene.]
(Chem.) A resinous obtained from Strasburg
turpentine or Canada balsam. It is without taste or smell, is
insoluble in water, but soluble in alcohol (especially at the
boiling point), in strong acetic acid, and in ether.
Watts.
Ab`i*e*tin"ic (#), a. Of or
pertaining to abietin; as, abietinic
acid.
Ab"i*e*tite (#), n.
(Chem.) A substance resembling mannite, found in
the needles of the common silver fir of Europe (Abies
pectinata).
Eng. Cyc.
Ab"i*gail (#), n. [The proper
name used as an appellative.] A lady's
waiting-maid.
Pepys.
Her abigail reported that Mrs. Gutheridge had a set
of night curls for sleeping in.
Leslie.
A*bil"i*ment (#), n.
Habiliment. [Obs.]
A*bil"i*ty (#), n.; pl.
Abilities(#). [F.
habilet\'82, earlier spelling habilit\'82
(with silent h), L. habilitas aptitude,
ability, fr. habilis apt. See Able.]
The quality or state of being able; power to perform,
whether physical, moral, intellectual, conventional, or legal;
capacity; skill or competence in doing; sufficiency of strength,
skill, resources, etc.; -- in the plural, faculty,
talent.
Then the disciples, every man according to his
ability, determined to send relief unto the
brethren.
Acts xi. 29.
Natural abilities are like natural plants, that
need pruning by study.
Bacon.
The public men of England, with much of a peculiar kind of
ability.
Macaulay.
Syn. -- Capacity; talent; cleverness; faculty; capability;
efficiency; aptitude; aptness; address; dexterity; skill.
Ability, Capacity. These words come
into comparison when applied to the higher intellectual powers.
Ability has reference to the active
exercise of our faculties. It implies not only native vigor of
mind, but that ease and promptitude of execution which arise from
mental training. Thus, we speak of the ability with
which a book is written, an argument maintained, a negotiation
carried on, etc. It always something to be done, and
the power of doing it. Capacity has
reference to the receptive powers. In its higher
exercises it supposes great quickness of apprehension and breadth
of intellect, with an uncommon aptitude for acquiring and
retaining knowledge. Hence it carries with it the idea of
resources and undeveloped power. Thus we speak of the
extraordinary capacity of such men as Lord Bacon,
Blaise Pascal, and Edmund Burke. \'bdCapacity,\'b8
says H. Taylor, \'bdis requisite to devise, and
ability to execute, a great enterprise.\'b8 The word
abilities, in the plural, embraces both these
qualities, and denotes high mental endowments.
A*bime" or A*byme" (#),
n. [F. ab\'8cme. See
Abysm.] A abyss. [Obs.]
Ab`i*o*gen"e*sis (#), n. [Gr.
/ priv. + / life + /, origin, birth.]
(Biol.) The supposed origination of living
organisms from lifeless matter; such genesis as does not involve
the action of living parents; spontaneous generation; -- called
also abiogeny, and opposed to
biogenesis.
I shall call the . . . doctrine that living matter may be
produced by not living matter, the hypothesis of
abiogenesis.
Huxley, 1870.
Ab`i*o*ge*net"ic (#), a.
(Biol.) Of or pertaining to abiogenesis.
Ab`i*o*ge*net"ic*al*ly,
adv.
Ab`i*og"e*nist (#), n.
(Biol.) One who believes that life can be
produced independently of antecedent.
Huxley.
Ab`i*og"e*nous (#), a.
(Biol.) Produced by spontaneous generation.
Ab`i*og"e*ny (#), n.
(Biol.) Same as Abiogenesis.
Ab`i*o*log"ic*al (#), a. [Gr.
/ priv. + E. biological.] Pertaining to
the study of inanimate things.
Ab*ir"ri*tant (#), n.
(Med.) A medicine that diminishes
irritation.
Ab*ir"ri*tate (#), v. t. [Pref.
ab- + irritate.] (Med.)
To diminish the sensibility of; to debilitate.
Ab*ir`ri*ta"tion (#), n.
(Med.) A pathological condition opposite to that
of irritation; debility; want of strength; asthenia.
Ab*ir"ri*ta*tive (#), a.
(Med.) Characterized by abirritation or
debility.
A*bit" (#), 3d sing. pres. of
Abide. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Ab"ject (#), a. [L.
abjectus, p. p. of abjicere to throw away;
ab + jacere to throw. See Jet a shooting
forth.] 1. Cast down; low-lying.
[Obs.]
From the safe shore their floating carcasses
And broken chariot wheels; so thick bestrown
Abject and lost lay these, covering the flood.
Milton.
2. Sunk to a law condition; down in spirit or hope;
degraded; servile; groveling; despicable; as, abject
posture, fortune, thoughts. \'bdBase and
abject flatterers.\'b8 Addison. \'bdAn
abject liar.\'b8 Macaulay.
And banish hence these abject, lowly dreams.
Shak.
Syn. -- Mean; groveling; cringing; mean-spirited; slavish;
ignoble; worthless; vile; beggarly; contemptible; degraded.
Ab*ject" (#), v. t. [From
Abject, a.] To cast off or down;
hence, to abase; to degrade; to lower; to debase.
[Obs.]
Donne.
Ab"ject (#), n. A person in the
lowest and most despicable condition; a castaway.
[Obs.]
Shall these abjects, these victims, these outcasts,
know any thing of pleasure?
I. Taylor.
Ab*ject"ed*ness (#), n. A very
abject or low condition; abjectness. [R.]
Boyle.
Ab*jec"tion (#), n. [F.
abjection, L. abjectio.] 1.
The act of bringing down or humbling. \'bdThe
abjection of the king and his realm.\'b8
Joe.
2. The state of being rejected or cast out.
[R.]
An adjection from the beatific regions where God,
and his angels and saints, dwell forever.
Jer. Taylor.
3. A low or downcast state; meanness of spirit;
abasement; degradation.
That this should be termed baseness, abjection of
mind, or servility, is it credible?
Hooker.
Ab"ject*ly (#), adv. Meanly;
servilely.
Ab"ject*ness, n. The state of being
abject; abasement; meanness; servility.
Grew.
Ab*judge" (#), v. t. [Pref.
ab- + judge, v. Cf.
Abjudicate.] To take away by judicial
decision. [R.]
Ab*ju"di*cate (#), v. t. [L.
abjudicatus, p. p. of abjudicare; ab +
judicare. See Judge, and cf.
Abjudge.] To reject by judicial sentence;
also, to abjudge. [Obs.]
Ash.
Ab*ju`di*ca"tion (#), n.
Rejection by judicial sentence. [R.]
Knowles.
Ab"ju*gate (#), v. t. [L.
abjugatus, p. p. of abjugare.]
To unyoke. [Obs.]
Bailey.
Ab*junc"tive (#), a. [L.
abjunctus, p. p. of abjungere; ab +
jungere to join.] Exceptional.
[R.]
It is this power which leads on from the accidental and
abjunctive to the universal.
I. Taylor.
Ab`ju*ra"tion (#), n. [L.
abjuratio: cf. F. abjuration.]
1. The act of abjuring or forswearing; a
renunciation upon oath; as, abjuration of the realm,
a sworn banishment, an oath taken to leave the country and never
to return.
2. A solemn recantation or renunciation; as, an
abjuration of heresy.
Oath of abjuration, an oath asserting the
right of the present royal family to the crown of England, and
expressly abjuring allegiance to the descendants of the
Pretender.
Brande & C.
Ab*ju"ra*to*ry (#), a.
Containing abjuration.
Ab*jure" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Abjured
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Abjuring
(#).] [L. abjurare to deny
upon oath; ab + jurare to swear, fr. jus,
juris, right, law; cf. F. abjurer. See
Jury.] 1. To renounce upon oath; to
forswear; to disavow; as, to abjure allegiance to a
prince. To abjure the realm, is to swear to
abandon it forever.
2. To renounce or reject with solemnity; to recant;
to abandon forever; to reject; repudiate; as, to
abjure errors. \'bdMagic I here
abjure.\'b8
Shak.
Syn. -- See Renounce.
Ab*jure", v. i. To renounce on
oath.
Bp. Burnet.
Ab*jure"ment (#), n.
Renunciation. [R.]
Ab*jur"er (#), n. One who
abjures.
Ab*lac"tate (#), v. t. [L.
ablactatus, p. p. of ablactare; ab +
lactare to suckle, fr. lac milk.] To
wean. [R.]
Bailey.
Ab`lac*ta"tion (#). n. 1.
The weaning of a child from the breast, or of young beasts
from their dam.
Blount.
2. (Hort.) The process of grafting now
called inarching, or grafting by
approach.
Ab*la"que*ate (#), v. t. [L.
ablaqueatus, p. p. of. ablaqueare; fr.
ab + laqueus a noose.] To lay bare, as the
roots of a tree. [Obs.]
Bailey.
Ab*la`que*a"tion (#), n. [L.
ablaqueatio.] The act or process of laying
bare the roots of trees to expose them to the air and
water. [Obs.]
Evelyn.
Ab`las*tem"ic (#), a. [Gr. /
priv. + / growth.] (Biol.)
Non-germinal.
Ab*la"tion (#), n. [L.
ablatio, fr. ablatus p. p. of
auferre to carry away; ab + latus, p. p. of
ferre carry: cf. F. ablation. See
Tolerate.] 1. A carrying or taking
away; removal.
Jer. Taylor.
2. (Med.) Extirpation.
Dunglison.
3. (Geol.) Wearing away; superficial
waste.
Tyndall.
Ab`la*ti"tious (#), a.
Diminishing; as, an ablatitious
force.
Sir J. Herschel.
Ab"la*tive (#), a. [F.
ablatif, ablative, L. ablativus
fr. ablatus. See Ablation.] 1.
Taking away or removing. [Obs.]
Where the heart is forestalled with misopinion,
ablative directions are found needful to unteach
error, ere we can learn truth.
Bp. Hall.
2. (Gram.) Applied to one of the cases
of the noun in Latin and some other languages, -- the fundamental
meaning of the case being removal,
separation, or taking away.
Ab"la*tive, (Gram.) The ablative
case.
ablative absolute, a construction in Latin, in
which a noun in the ablative case has a participle (either
expressed or implied), agreeing with it in gender, number, and
case, both words forming a clause by themselves and being
unconnected, grammatically, with the rest of the sentence; as,
Tarquinio regnante, Pythagoras venit, i. e.,
Tarquinius reigning, Pythagoras came.
\'d8Ab"laut (#), n. [Ger.,
off-sound; ab off + laut sound.]
(Philol.) The substitution of one root vowel for
another, thus indicating a corresponding modification of use or
meaning; vowel permutation; as, get, gat,
got; sing, song; hang,
hung.
Earle.
<-- p. 5 -->
A*blaze" (#), adv. & a. [Pref.
a- + blaze.] 1. On
fire; in a blaze, gleaming.
Milman.
All ablaze with crimson and gold.
Longfellow.
2. In a state of glowing excitement or ardent
desire.
The young Cambridge democrats were all ablaze to
assist Torrijos.
Carlyle.
A"ble (#), a.
[Comp. Abler (#);
superl. Ablest (#).]
[OF. habile, L. habilis that may be
easily held or managed, apt, skillful, fr. habere to
have, hold. Cf. Habile and see Habit.]
1. Fit; adapted; suitable.
[Obs.]
A many man, to ben an abbot able.
Chaucer.
2. Having sufficient power, strength, force, skill,
means, or resources of any kind to accomplish the object;
possessed of qualifications rendering competent for some end;
competent; qualified; capable; as, an able workman,
soldier, seaman, a man able to work; a mind
able to reason; a person able to be generous;
able to endure pain; able to play on a
piano.
3. Specially: Having intellectual qualifications,
or strong mental powers; showing ability or skill; talented;
clever; powerful; as, the ablest man in the senate;
an able speech.
No man wrote abler state papers.
Macaulay.
4. (Law) Legally qualified; possessed of
legal competence; as, able to inherit or devise
property.
Able for, is Scotticism. \'bdHardly able
for such a march.\'b8
Robertson.
Syn. -- Competent; qualified; fitted; efficient; effective;
capable; skillful; clever; vigorous; powerful.
A"ble, v. t. [See Able,
a.] [Obs.] 1. To make
able; to enable; to strengthen.
Chaucer.
2. To vouch for. \'bdI 'll able
them.\'b8
Shak.
*a*ble (#). [F. -able, L.
-abilis.] An adjective suffix now usually
in a passive sense; able to be; fit to be; expressing capacity or
worthiness in a passive sense; as, movable, able to
be moved; amendable, able to be amended;
blamable, fit to be blamed; salable.
The form ible is used in the
same sense.
able instead of -ible. \'bdYet a rule may
be laid down as to when we are to use it. To all verbs, then,
from the Anglo-Saxon, to all based on the uncorrupted infinitival
stems of Latin verbs of the first conjugation, and to all
substantives, whencesoever sprung, we annex -able
only.\'b8
Fitzed. Hall.
A`ble-bod"ied (#), a. Having a
sound, strong body; physically competent; robust.
\'bdAble-bodied vagrant.\'b8
Froude. -- A`ble-bod"ied*ness,
n..
Ab"le*gate (#), v. t. [L.
ablegatus, p. p. of ablegare; ab +
legare to send with a commission. See
Legate.] To send abroad.
[Obs.]
Bailey.
Ab"le*gate (#), n. (R. C.
Ch.) A representative of the pope charged with
important commissions in foreign countries, one of his duties
being to bring to a newly named cardinal his insignia of
office.
Ab`le*ga"tion (#), n. [L.
ablegatio.] The act of sending
abroad. [Obs.]
Jer. Taylor.
A`ble-mind"ed (#), a. Having much
intellectual power. --
A`ble-mind"ed*ness, n.
A"ble*ness (#), n. Ability of
body or mind; force; vigor. [Obs. or R.]
Ab"lep*sy (#), n. [Gr. /; /
priv. + / to see.] Blindness.
[R.]
Urquhart.
A"bler (#), a.,
comp. of Able. --
A"blest (#), a.,
superl. of Able.
Ab"let (#), Ab"len [F.
ablet, ablette, a dim. fr. LL.
abula, for albula, dim. of albus
white. Cf. Abele.] (Zo\'94l.) A
small fresh-water fish (Leuciscus alburnus); the
bleak.
Ab"li*gate (#), v. t. [L.
ab + ligatus, p. p. of ligare to
tie.] To tie up so as to hinder from.
[Obs.]
Ab*lig`u*ri"tion (#), n. [L.
abligurito, fr. abligurire to spend in
luxurious indulgence; ab + ligurire to be lickerish,
dainty, fr. lingere to lick.] Prodigal
expense for food. [Obs.]
Bailey.
A"blins (#), adv. [See
Able.] Perhaps. [Scot.]
A*bloom" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- + bloom.] In or into bloom;
in a blooming state.
Masson.
Ab*lude" (#), v. t. [L.
abludere; ab + ludere to play.]
To be unlike; to differ. [Obs.]
Bp. Hall.
Ab"lu*ent (#), a. [L.
abluens, p. pr. of. abluere to wash away;
ab + luere (lavere, lavare). See
Lave.] Washing away; carrying off impurities;
detergent. -- n. (Med.)
A detergent.
A*blush" (#), adv. & a. [Pref.
a- + blush.] Blushing;
ruddy.
Ab*lu`tion (#), n. [L.
ablutio, fr. abluere: cf. F.
ablution. See Abluent.] 1.
The act of washing or cleansing; specifically, the washing
of the body, or some part of it, as a religious rite.
2. The water used in cleansing. \'bdCast the
ablutions in the main.\'b8
Pope.
3. (R. C. Ch.) A small quantity of wine
and water, which is used to wash the priest's thumb and index
finger after the communion, and which then, as perhaps containing
portions of the consecrated elements, is drunk by the
priest.
Ab*lu"tion*a*ry (#), a.
Pertaining to ablution.
Ab*lu"vi*on (#), n. [LL.
abluvio. See Abluent.] That which
is washed off. [R.]
Dwight.
A"bly (#), adv. In an able
manner; with great ability; as, ably done, planned,
said.
-a*bly(#). A suffix composed of
-able and the adverbial suffix -ly; as,
favorably.
Ab"ne*gate (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Abnegated; p.
pr. & vb. n. Abnegating.] [L.
abnegatus,p. p. of abnegare; ab +
negare to deny. See Deny.] To deny and
reject; to abjure.
Sir E. Sandys. Farrar.
Ab`ne*ga"tion (#), n. [L.
abnegatio: cf. F. abn\'82gation.]
a denial; a renunciation.
With abnegation of God, of his honor, and of
religion, they may retain the friendship of the court.
Knox.
Ab"ne*ga*tive (#), a. [L.
abnegativus.] Denying; renouncing;
negative. [R.]
Clarke.
Ab"ne*ga`tor(#), n. [L.] One
who abnegates, denies, or rejects anything.
[R.]
\'d8Ab"net (#), n. [Heb.]
The girdle of a Jewish priest or officer.
Ab"no*date (#), v. t. [L.
abnodatus, p. p. of abnodare; ab +
nodus knot.] To clear (tress) from knots.
[R.]
Blount.
Ab`no*da"tion (#), n. The act
of cutting away the knots of trees. [R.]
Crabb.
Ab*nor"mal (#), a. [For earlier
anormal.F. anormal, LL.
anormalus for anomalus, Gr. /. Confused
with L. abnormis. See Anomalous,
Abnormous, Anormal.] Not conformed
to rule or system; deviating from the type; anomalous;
irregular. \'bdThat deviating from the type; anomalous;
irregular. \'b8
Froude.
Ab`nor*mal"i*ty (#), n.; pl.
Abnormalities (#). 1. The
state or quality of being abnormal; variation;
irregularity.
Darwin.
2. Something abnormal.
Ab*nor"mal*ly (#), adv. In an
abnormal manner; irregularly.
Darwin.
Ab*nor"mi*ty (#), n.; pl.
Abnormities (#). [LL.
abnormitas. See Abnormous.]
Departure from the ordinary type; irregularity;
monstrosity. \'bdAn abnormity . . . like a calf
born with two heads.\'b8
Mrs. Whitney.
Ab*nor"mous (#), a. [L.
abnormis; ab + norma rule. See
Normal.] Abnormal; irregular.
Hallam.
A character of a more abnormous cast than his
equally suspected coadjutor.
State Trials.
A*board" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- on, in + board.]
On board; into or within a ship or boat; hence, into or
within a railway car.
2. Alongside; as, close
aboard.
Naut.: To fall aboard of, to strike
a ship's side; to fall foul of. -- To haul the tacks
aboard, to set the courses. -- To keep the
land aboard, to hug the shore. -- To lay (a
ship) aboard, to place one's own ship close alongside
of (a ship) for fighting.
A*board", prep. 1. On board of;
as, to go aboard a ship.
2. Across; athwart. [Obs.]
Nor iron bands aboard
The Pontic Sea by their huge navy cast.
Spenser.
A*bod"ance (#), n. [See
Bode.] An omen; a portending.
[Obs.]
A*bode" (#), pret. of
Abide.
A*bode", n. [OE. abad,
abood, fr. abiden to abide. See
Abide. For the change of vowel, cf. abode,
imp. of abide.] 1. Act of waiting;
delay. [Obs.]
Shak.
And with her fled away without abode.
Spenser.
2. Stay or continuance in a place; sojourn.
He waxeth at your abode here.
Fielding.
3. Place of continuance, or where one dwells;
abiding place; residence; a dwelling; a habitation.
Come, let me lead you to our poor abode.
Wordsworth.
A*bode", n. [See Bode, v.
t.] An omen. [Obs.]
High-thundering Juno's husband stirs my spirit with true
abodes.
Chapman.
A*bode", v. t. To bode; to
foreshow. [Obs.]
Shak.
A*bode", v. i. To be ominous.
[Obs.]
Dryden.
A*bode"ment (#), n. A
foreboding; an omen. [Obs.]
\'bdAbodements must not now affright us.\'b8
Shak.
A*bod"ing (#), n. A
foreboding. [Obs.]
A*bol"ish (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Abolished
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Abolishing.] [F. abolir, L.
abolere, aboletum; ab + olere to
grow. Cf. Finish.]
1. To do away with wholly; to annul; to make void;
-- said of laws, customs, institutions, governments, etc.;
as, to abolish slavery, to abolish
folly.
2. To put an end to, or destroy, as a physical
objects; to wipe out. [Archaic]
And with thy blood abolish so reproachful blot.
Spenser.
His quick instinctive hand
Caught at the hilt, as to abolish him.
Tennyson.
Syn. -- To Abolish, Repeal,
Abrogate, Revoke, Annul,
Nullify, Cancel. These words have
in common the idea of setting aside by some overruling act.
Abolish applies particularly to things of a permanent
nature, such as institutions, usages, customs, etc.; as, to
abolish monopolies, serfdom, slavery.
Repeal describes the act by which the legislature of a
state sets aside a law which it had previously enacted.
Abrogate was originally applied to the repeal of a law
by the Roman people; and hence, when the power of making laws was
usurped by the emperors, the term was applied to their
act of setting aside the laws. Thus it came to express that act
by which a sovereign or an executive government sets aside laws,
ordinances, regulations, treaties, conventions, etc.
Revoke denotes the act or recalling some previous
grant which conferred, privilege, etc.; as, to revoke
a decree, to revoke a power of attorney, a promise,
etc. Thus, also, we speak of the revocation of the
Edict of Nantes. Annul is used in a more general
sense, denoting simply to make void; as, to annul a
contract, to annul an agreement. Nullify is
an old word revived in this country, and applied to the setting
of things aside either by force or by total disregard; as, to
nullify an act of Congress. Cancel is to
strike out or annul, by a deliberate exercise of power, something
which has operative force.
A*bol"ish*a*ble (#), a. [Cf. F.
abolissable.] Capable of being
abolished.
A*bol"ish*er (#), n. One who
abolishes.
A*bol"ish*ment (#), n. [Cf. F.
abolissement.] The act of abolishing;
abolition; destruction.
Hooker.
Ab"o*li"tion (#), n. [L.
abolitio, fr. abolere: cf. F.
abolition. See Abolish.] The act
of abolishing, or the state of being abolished; an annulling;
abrogation; utter destruction; as, the abolition of
slavery or the slave trade; the abolition of laws,
decrees, ordinances, customs, taxes, debts, etc.
Ab`o*li"tion*ism (#), n. The
principles or measures of abolitionists.
Wilberforce.
Ab`o*li"tion*ist, n. A person who favors
the abolition of any institution, especially negro slavery.
Ab`o*li`tion*ize (#), v. t. To
imbue with the principles of abolitionism.
[R.]
Bartlett.
\'d8A*bo"ma (#), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A large South American serpent
(Boa aboma).
{ \'d8Ab`o*ma"sum (#),
\'d8Ab`o*ma"sus (#), } n.
[NL., fr. L. ab + omasum (a Celtic
word.] (Anat.) The fourth or digestive stomach
of a ruminant, which leads from the third stomach
omasum. See Ruminantia.
A*bom"i*na*ble (#), a. [F.
abominable. L. abominalis. See
Abominate.] 1. Worthy of, or
causing, abhorrence, as a thing of evil omen; odious in the
utmost degree; very hateful; detestable; loathsome;
execrable.
2. Excessive; large; -- used as an intensive.
[Obs.]
bomynable syght of monkes\'b8 was
elegant English for \'bda large company of friars.\'b8
G. P. Marsh.
A*bom"i*na*ble*ness, n. The quality or
state of being abominable; odiousness.
Bentley.
A*bom"i*na*bly (#), adv. In an
abominable manner; very odiously; detestably.
A*bom"i*nate (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Abominated; p.
pr. & vb. n. Abominating.] [L.
abominatus, p. p. or abominari to deprecate
as ominous, to abhor, to curse; ab + omen a
foreboding. See Omen.] To turn from as
ill-omened; to hate in the highest degree, as if with religious
dread; loathe; as, to abominate all
impiety.
Syn. -- To hate; abhor; loathe; detest. See
Hate.
A*bom`i*na"tion (#), n. [OE.
abominacioun, -cion, F.
abominatio. See Abominate.] 1.
The feeling of extreme disgust and hatred; abhorrence;
detestation; loathing; as, he holds tobacco in
abomination.
2. That which is abominable; anything hateful,
wicked, or shamefully vile; an object or state that excites
disgust and hatred; a hateful or shameful vice; pollution.
Antony, most large in his abominations.
Shak.
3. A cause of pollution or wickedness.
Syn. -- Detestation; loathing; abhorrence; disgust;
aversion; loathsomeness; odiousness.
Sir W. Scott.
A*boon" (#), prep. and
adv. Above. [Scot. & Prov. Eng.]
Aboon the pass of Bally-Brough.
Sir W. Scott.
The ceiling fair that rose aboon.
J. R. Drake.
Ab*o"ral (#), a. [L.
ab. + E. oral.] (Zo\'94l.)
Situated opposite to, or away from, the mouth.
\'d8A*bord" (#), n. [F.]
Manner of approaching or accosting; address.
Chesterfield.
A*bord" (#), v. t. [F.
aborder, \'85 (L. ad) +
bord rim, brim, or side of a vessel. See
Border, Board.] To approach; to
accost. [Obs.]
Digby.
Ab`o*rig"i*nal (#), a. [See
Aborigines.]
1. First; original; indigenous; primitive; native;
as, the aboriginal tribes of America.
\'bdMantled o'er with aboriginal turf.\'b8
Wordsworth.
2. Of or pertaining to aborigines; as, a Hindoo
of aboriginal blood.
Ab`o*rig"i*nal, n. 1. An
original inhabitant of any land; one of the aborigines.
2. An animal or a plant native to the region.
It may well be doubted whether this frog is an
aboriginal of these islands.
Darwin.
Ab`o*rig`i*nal"i*ty (#), n. The
quality of being aboriginal.
Westm. Rev.
Ab`o*rig"i*nal*ly (#), adv.
Primarily.
Ab`o*rig"i*ness (#), n. pl. [L.
Aborigines; ab + origo, especially the
first inhabitants of Latium, those who originally (ab
origine) inhabited Latium or Italy. See
Origin.] 1. The earliest known
inhabitants of a country; native races.
2. The original fauna and flora of a geographical
area
A*borse"ment (#), n. Abortment;
abortion. [Obs.]
Bp. Hall.
A*bor"sive (#), a.
Abortive. [Obs.]
Fuller.
A*bort" (#), v. i. [L.
abortare, fr. abortus, p. p. of
aboriri; ab + oriri to rise, to be born.
See Orient.]
1. To miscarry; to bring forth young
prematurely.
2. (Biol.) To become checked in normal
development, so as either to remain rudimentary or shrink away
wholly; to become sterile.
A*bort", n. [L. abortus, fr.
aboriri.] 1. An untimely
birth. [Obs.]
Sir H. Wotton.
2. An aborted offspring. [Obs.]
Holland.
A*bort"ed, a. 1. Brought forth
prematurely.
2. (Biol.) Rendered abortive or sterile;
undeveloped; checked in normal development at a very early stage;
as, spines are aborted branches.
The eyes of the cirripeds are more or less aborted
in their mature state.
Owen.
A*bor"ti*cide (#), n. [L.
abortus + caedere to kill. See Abort.]
(Med.) The act of destroying a fetus in the womb;
feticide.
A*bor`ti*fa"cient (#), a. [L.
abortus (see Abort, v.) +
faciens, p. pr. of facere to make.]
Producing miscarriage. -- n. A drug
or an agent that causes premature delivery.
A*bor"tion (#), n. [L.
abortio, fr. aboriri. See
Abort.] 1. The act of giving
premature birth; particularly, the expulsion of the human fetus
prematurely, or before it is capable of sustaining life;
miscarriage.
abortion, \'bdcausing or procuring
abortion\'b8 is the full name of the offense.
Abbott.
<-- p. 6 -->
2. The immature product of an untimely birth.
3. (Biol.) Arrest of development of any
organ, so that it remains an imperfect formation or is
absorbed.
4. Any fruit or produce that does not come to
maturity, or anything which in its progress, before it is matured
or perfect; a complete failure; as, his attempt. proved
an abortiori.
A*bor"tion*al (#), a.
Pertaining to abortion; miscarrying; abortive.
Carlyle.
A*bor"tion*ist, n. One who procures
abortion or miscarriage.
A*bor"tive (#), a. [L.
abortivus, fr. aboriri. See Abort,
v.] 1. Produced by abortion; born
prematurely; as, an abortive child.
[R.]
2. Made from the skin of a still-born animal;
as, abortive vellum. [Obs.]
3. Rendering fruitless or ineffectual.
[Obs.] \'bdPlunged in that abortive
gulf.\'b8
Milton.
4. Coming to naught; failing in its effect;
miscarrying; fruitless; unsuccessful; as, an
abortive attempt. \'bdAn abortive
enterprise.\'b8
Prescott.
5. (Biol.) Imperfectly formed or
developed; rudimentary; sterile; as, an abortive
organ, stamen, ovule, etc.
6. (Med.) (a) Causing abortion;
as, abortive medicines. Parr.
(b) Cutting short; as, abortive
treatment of typhoid fever.
A*bor"tive, n. 1. That which is
born or brought forth prematurely; an abortion.
[Obs.]
Shak.
2. A fruitless effort or issue.
[Obs.]
3. A medicine to which is attributed the property
of causing abortion.<-- now usu. abortifacient. -->
Dunglison.
A*bor"tive*ly, adv. In an abortive or
untimely manner; immaturely; fruitlessly.
A*bor"tive*ness, n. The quality of being
abortive.
A*bort"ment (#), n.
Abortion. [Obs.]
A*bought" (#), imp. & p. p. of
Aby. [Obs.]
A*bound" (#), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Abounded; p.
pr. & vb. n. Abounding.] [OE.
abounden, F. abonder, fr. L.
abundare to overflow, abound; ab + unda
wave. Cf. Undulate.] 1. To be in
great plenty; to be very prevalent; to be plentiful.
The wild boar which abounds in some parts of the
continent of Europe.
Chambers.
Where sin abounded grace did much more
abound.
Rom. v. 20.
2. To be copiously supplied; -- followed by
in or with.
To abound in, to posses in such abundance as
to be characterized by. -- To abound with, to
be filled with; to possess in great numbers.
Men abounding in natural courage.
Macaulay.
A faithful man shall abound with blessings.
Prov. xxviii. 20.
It abounds with cabinets of curiosities.
Addison.
A*bout" (#), prep. [OE.
aboute, abouten, abuten; AS.
\'bebutan, onbutan; on + butan,
which is from be by + utan outward, from
ut out. See But, Out.]
1. Around; all round; on every side of.
\'bdLook about you.\'b8 Shak. \'bdBind them
about thy neck.\'b8 Prov. iii. 3.
2. In the immediate neighborhood of; in contiguity
or proximity to; near, as to place; by or on (one's
person). \'bdHave you much money about you?\'b8
Bulwer.
3. Over or upon different parts of; through or over
in various directions; here and there in; to and fro in;
throughout.
Lampoons . . . were handed about the
coffeehouses.
Macaulay.
Roving still about the world.
Milton.
4. Near; not far from; -- determining approximately
time, size, quantity. \'bdTo-morrow, about
this time.\'b8 Exod. ix. 18. \'bdAbout my
stature.\'b8 Shak.
He went out about the third hour.
Matt. xx. 3.
5. In concern with; engaged in; intent on.
I must be about my Father's business.
Luke ii. 49.
6. Before a verbal noun or an infinitive:
On the point or verge of; going; in act of.
Paul was now aboutto open his mouth.
Acts xviii. 14.
7. Concerning; with regard to; on account of;
touching. \'bdTo treat about thy ransom.\'b8
Milton.
She must have her way about Sarah.
Trollope.
A*bout", adv. 1. On all sides;
around.
'Tis time to look about.
Shak.
2. In circuit; circularly; by a circuitous way;
around the outside; as, a mile about, and a third of
a mile across.
3. Here and there; around; in one place and
another.
Wandering about from house to house.
1 Tim. v. 13.
4. Nearly; approximately; with close
correspondence, in quality, manner, degree, etc.; as,
about as cold; about as high; -- also of
quantity, number, time. \'bdThere fell . . .
about three thousand men.\'b8
Exod. xxii. 28.
5. To a reserved position; half round; in the
opposite direction; on the opposite tack; as, to face
about; to turn one's self about.
To bring about, to cause to take place; to
accomplish. -- To come about, to occur; to
take place. See under Come. -- To go
about, To set about, to undertake; to
arrange; to prepare. \'bdShall we set about some
revels? Shak. -- Round about, in
every direction around.
A*bout"-sledge" (#), n. The
largest hammer used by smiths.
Weale.
A*bove" (#), prep. [OE.
above, aboven, abuffe, AS.
abufon; an (or on) on +
be by + ufan upward; cf. Goth.
uf under. \'fb199. See Over.]
1. In or to a higher place; higher than; on or over
the upper surface; over; -- opposed to below or
beneath.
Fowl that may fly above the earth.
Gen. i. 20.
2. Figuratively, higher than; superior to in any
respect; surpassing; beyond; higher in measure or degree than;
as, things above comprehension; above mean
actions; conduct above reproach. \'bdThy
worth . . . is actions above my gifts.\'b8
Marlowe.
I saw in the way a light from heaven above the
brightness of the sun.
Acts xxxvi. 13.
3. Surpassing in number or quantity; more than;
as, above a hundred. (Passing into the
adverbial sense. See Above, adv., 4.)
above all, before every other consideration;
chiefly; in preference to other things.
Over and above, prep. or adv.,
besides; in addition to.
A*bove" (#), adv. 1.
In a higher place; overhead; into or from heaven; as,
the clouds above.
2. Earlier in order; higher in the same page;
hence, in a foregoing page. \'bdThat was said
above.\'b8
Dryden.
3. Higher in rank or power; as, he appealed to
the court above.
4. More than; as, above five hundred
were present.
Above is often used elliptically as an adjective
by omitting the word mentioned, quoted, or
the like; as, the above observations, the
above reference, the above articles. --
Above is also used substantively. \'bdThe waters that
come down from above.\'b8
Josh. iii. 13.
It is also used as the first part of a compound in the sense of
before, previously; as,
above-cited, above-described,
above-mentioned, above-named,
abovesaid, abovespecified,
above-written, above-given.
A*bove"board` (#), adv. Above
the board or table. Hence: in open sight; without trick,
concealment, or deception. \'bdFair and
aboveboard.\'b8
Burke.
A*bove"-cit`ed (#), a. Cited
before, in the preceding part of a book or writing.
A*bove"deck` (#), a. On deck;
and hence, like aboveboard, without artifice.
Smart.
A*bove"-men`tioned (#),
A*bove"-named`(#), a.
Mentioned or named before; aforesaid.
A*bove"said` (#), a. Mentioned
or recited before.
A*box" (#), adv. & a.
(Naut.) Braced aback.
Ab`ra*ca*dab"ra (#), n. [L. Of
unknown origin.] A mystical word or collocation of
letters written as in the figure. Worn on an amulet it was
supposed to ward off fever. At present the word is used chiefly
in jest to denote something without meaning; jargon.
Ab*ra"dant (#), n. A material
used for grinding, as emery, sand, powdered glass, etc.
Ab*rade" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Abraded; p. pr.
& vb. n. Abrading.] [L.
abradere, abrasum, to scrape off; ab +
radere to scrape. See Rase, Raze.]
To rub or wear off; to waste or wear away by friction;
as, to abrade rocks.
Lyell.
A*brade" (#), v. t. Same as
Abraid. [Obs.]
A`bra*ham"ic (#), a. Pertaining
to Abraham, the patriarch; as, the Abrachamic
covenant.
A`bra*ham*it"ic, *ic*al(#),
a. Relating to the patriarch Abraham.
A"bra*ham-man`(#) or
A"bram-man`(#), n.
[Possibly in allusion to the parable of the beggar Lazarus
in Luke xvi. Murray (New Eng. Dict. ).] One
of a set of vagabonds who formerly roamed through England,
feigning lunacy for the sake of obtaining alms.
Nares.
To sham Abraham, to feign sickness.
Goldsmith.
A*braid" (#), v. t. & i. [OE.
abraiden, to awake, draw (a sword), AS.
\'bebredgan to shake, draw; pref. \'be-
(cf. Goth. us-, Ger. er-, orig. meaning
out) + bregdan to shake, throw. See
Braid.] To awake; to arouse; to stir or start
up; also, to shout out. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
A*bran"chi*al (#), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Abranchiate.
\'d8A*bran`chi*a"ta (#), n. pl.
[NL., from Gr. / priv. + /, pl., the gills of
fishes.] (Zo\'94l.) A group of annelids, so
called because the species composing it have no special organs of
respiration.
A*bran"chi*ate (#), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Without gills.
Ab*rase" (#), a. [L.
abrasus, p. p. of abradere. See
Abrade.] Rubbed smooth.
[Obs.] \'bdAn abrase table.\'b8
B. Jonson.
Ab*ra"sion (#), n. [L.
abrasio, fr. abradere. See
Abrade.] 1. The act of abrading,
wearing, or rubbing off; the wearing away by friction; as,
the abrasion of coins.
2. The substance rubbed off.
Berkeley.
3. (Med.) A superficial excoriation,
with loss of substance under the form of small shreds.
Dunglison.
Ab*ra"sive (#), a. Producing
abrasion.
Ure.
A*braum" or A*braum" salts
(#), n. [Ger., fr.
abr\'84umen to remove.] A red ocher used to
darken mahogany and for making chloride of potassium.
\'d8A*brax"as (#), n. [A name
adopted by the Egyptian Gnostic Basilides, containing the Greek
letters \'3ca\'3e, \'3cb\'3e, \'3cr\'3e, \'3ca\'3e, \'3cx\'3e,
\'3ca\'3e, \'3cs\'3e, which, as numerals, amounted to 365. It was
used to signify the supreme deity as ruler of the 365 heavens of
his system.] A mystical word used as a charm and
engraved on gems among the ancients; also, a gem stone thus
engraved.
A*bray" (#), v. [A false form
from the preterit abraid, abrayde.]
See Abraid. [Obs.]
Spenser.
A*breast" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- + breast.] 1. Side
by side, with breasts in a line; as, \'bdTwo men could hardly
walk abreast.\'b8
Macaulay.
2. (Naut.) Side by side; also, opposite;
over against; on a line with the vessel's beam; -- with
of.
3. Up to a certain level or line; equally advanced;
as, to keep abreast of [or with] the present state
of science.
4. At the same time; simultaneously.
[Obs.]
Abreast therewith began a convocation.
Fuller.
A*breg"ge (#), v. t. See
Abridge. [Obs.]
Ab`re*nounce" (#), v. t. [L.
abrenuntiare; ab + renuntiare. See
Renounce.] To renounce.
[Obs.] \'bdThey abrenounce and cast them
off.\'b8
Latimer.
Ab`re*nun`ci*a"tion (#), n.
[LL. abrenuntiatio. See
Abrenounce.] Absolute renunciation or
repudiation. [Obs.]
An abrenunciation of that truth which he so long
had professed, and still believed.
Fuller.
Ab*rep"tion (#), n. [L.
abreptus, p. p. of abripere to snatch away;
ab + rapere to snatch.] A snatching
away. [Obs.]
\'d8A`breu`voir" (#), n. [F., a
watering place.] (Masonry) The joint or
interstice between stones, to be filled with mortar.
Gwilt.
A"bri*cock (#), n. See
Apricot. [Obs.]
A*bridge" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Abridged
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Abridging.] [OE. abregen,
OF. abregier, F. abr\'82ger, fr. L.
abbreviare; ad + brevis short. See
Brief and cf. Abbreviate.] 1.
To make shorter; to shorten in duration; to lessen; to
diminish; to curtail; as, to abridge labor; to
abridge power or rights. \'bdThe bridegroom .
. . abridged his visit.\'b8
Smollett.
She retired herself to Sebaste, and abridged her
train from state to necessity.
Fuller.
2. To shorten or contract by using fewer words, yet
retaining the sense; to epitomize; to condense; as, to
abridge a history or dictionary.
3. To deprive; to cut off; -- followed by
of, and formerly by from; as, to
abridge one of his rights.
A*bridg"er (#), n. One who
abridges.
A*bridg"ment (#), n. [OE.
abregement. See Abridge.] 1.
The act abridging, or the state of being abridged;
diminution; lessening; reduction or deprivation; as, an
abridgment of pleasures or of expenses.
2. An epitome or compend, as of a book; a shortened
or abridged form; an abbreviation.
Ancient coins as abridgments of history.
Addison.
3. That which abridges or cuts short; hence, an
entertainment that makes the time pass quickly.
[Obs.]
What abridgment have you for this evening? What
mask? What music?
Shak.
Syn. -- Abridgment, Compendium,
Epitome, Abstract, Synopsis.
An abridgment is made by omitting the less
important parts of some larger work; as, an abridgment
of a dictionary. A compendium is a brief exhibition of
a subject, or science, for common use; as, a
compendium of American literature. An
epitome corresponds to a compendium, and
gives briefly the most material points of a subject; as, an
epitome of history. An abstract is a brief
statement of a thing in its main points. A synopsis is
a bird's-eye view of a subject, or work, in its several
parts.
A*broach" (#), v. t. [OE.
abrochen, OF. abrochier. See
Broach.] To set abroach; to let out, as
liquor; to broach; to tap. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
A*broach", adv. [Pref. a- +
broach.] 1. Broached; in a
condition for letting out or yielding liquor, as a cask which is
tapped.
Hogsheads of ale were set abroach.
Sir W. Scott.
2. Hence: In a state to be diffused or propagated;
afoot; astir. \'bdMischiefs that I set
abroach.\'b8
Shak.
A*broad" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- + broad.] 1. At
large; widely; broadly; over a wide space; as, a tree spreads
its branches abroad.
The fox roams far abroad.
Prior.
2. Without a certain confine; outside the house;
away from one's abode; as, to walk
abroad.
I went to St. James', where another was preaching in the court
abroad.
Evelyn.
3. Beyond the bounds of a country; in foreign
countries; as, we have broils at home and enemies
abroad. \'bdAnother prince . . . was living
abroad.\'b8
Macaulay.
4. Before the public at large; throughout society
or the world; here and there; widely.
He went out, and began to publish it much, and to blaze
abroad the matter.
Mark i. 45.
To be abroad. (a) To be wide of the
mark; to be at fault; as, you are all abroad in your
guess. (b) To be at a loss or nonplused.
Ab"ro*ga*ble (#), a. Capable of
being abrogated.
Ab"ro*gate (#), a. [L.
abrogatus, p. p.]
Abrogated; abolished. [Obs.]
Latimer.
Ab"ro*gate (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Abrogated; p.
pr. & vb. n. Abrogating.] [L.
abrogatus, p. p. of abrogare; ab +
rogare to ask, require, propose. See
Rogation.] 1. To annul by an
authoritative act; to abolish by the authority of the maker or
his successor; to repeal; -- applied to the repeal of laws,
decrees, ordinances, the abolition of customs, etc.
Let us see whether the New Testament abrogates what
we so frequently see in the Old.
South.
Whose laws, like those of the Medes and Persian, they can not
alter or abrogate.
Burke.
2. To put an end to; to do away with.
Shak.
Syn. -- To abolish; annul; do away; set aside; revoke;
repeal; cancel; annihilate. See Abolish.
Ab`ro*ga"tion (#), n. [L.
abrogatio, fr. abrogare: cf. F.
abrogation.] The act of abrogating; repeal
by authority.
Hume.
Ab"ro*ga*tive (#), a. Tending
or designed to abrogate; as, an abrogative
law.
Ab"ro*ga`tor (#), n. One who
repeals by authority.
A*brood" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- + brood.] In the act of
brooding. [Obs.]
Abp. Sancroft.
A*brook" (#), v. t. [Pref.
a- + brook, v.] To brook; to
endure. [Obs.]
Shak.
Ab*rupt" (#), a. [L.
abruptus, p. p. of abrumpere to break off;
ab + rumpere to break. See Rupture.]
1. Broken off; very steep, or craggy, as rocks,
precipices, banks; precipitous; steep; as, abrupt
places. \'bdTumbling through ricks
abrupt,\'b8
Thomson.
2. Without notice to prepare the mind for the
event; sudden; hasty; unceremonious. \'bdThe cause of your
abrupt departure.\'b8
Shak.
3. Having sudden transitions from one subject to
another; unconnected.
The abrupt style, which hath many breaches.
B. Jonson.
<-- p. 7 -->
<-- end of search for ? marks 11-30-94 -->
4. (Bot.) Suddenly terminating, as if
cut off.
Gray.
Syn. -- Sudden; unexpected; hasty; rough; curt;
unceremonious; rugged; blunt; disconnected; broken.
Ab*rupt" (#), n. [L.
abruptum.] An abrupt place.
[Poetic] \'bdOver the vast
abrupt.\'b8
Milton.
Ab*rupt", v. t. To tear off or
asunder. [Obs.] \'bdTill death
abrupts them.\'b8
Sir T. Browne.
Ab*rup"tion (#), n. [L.
abruptio, fr. abrumpere: cf. F.
abruption.] A sudden breaking off; a
violent separation of bodies.
Woodward.
Ab*rupt"ly, adv. 1. In an
abrupt manner; without giving notice, or without the usual forms;
suddenly.
2. Precipitously.
Abruptly pinnate (Bot.), pinnate
without an odd leaflet, or other appendage, at the end.
Gray.
Ab*rupt"ness, n. 1. The state
of being abrupt or broken; craggedness; ruggedness;
steepness.
2. Suddenness; unceremonious haste or vehemence;
as, abruptness of style or manner.
Ab"scess (#), n.; pl.
Abscesses (#). [L.
abscessus a going away, gathering of humors, abscess,
fr. abscessus, p. p. of absedere to go
away; ab, abs + cedere to go
off, retire. See Cede.] (Med.) A
collection of pus or purulent matter in any tissue or organ of
the body, the result of a morbid process.
Cold abscess, an abscess of slow formation,
unattended with the pain and heat characteristic of ordinary
abscesses, and lasting for years without exhibiting any tendency
towards healing; a chronic abscess.
Ab*sces"sion (#), n. [L.
abscessio a separation; fr. absedere. See
Abscess.] A separating; removal; also, an
abscess. [Obs.]
Gauden. Barrough.
Ab*scind" (#), v. t. [L.
absindere; ab + scindere to rend, cut. See
Schism.] To cut off. [R.]
\'bdTwo syllables . . . abscinded from the rest.\'b8
Johnson.
Ab*sci"sion (#), n. [L.
abscisio.] See Abscission.
Ab"sciss (#), n.; pl.
Abscisses (#). See
Abscissa.
Ab*scis"sa (#), n.; E. pl.
Abscissas, L. pl. Absciss\'91.
[L., fem. of abscissus, p. p. of
absindere to cut of. See Abscind.]
(Geom.) One of the elements of reference by which
a point, as of a curve, is referred to a system of fixed
rectilineal co\'94rdinate axes. When referred to two
intersecting axes, one of them called the axis of abscissas, or
of X, and the other the axis of ordinates, or of Y, the
abscissa of the point is the distance cut off from the
axis of X by a line drawn through it and parallel to the axis of
Y. When a point in space is referred to three axes having a
common intersection, the abscissa may be the distance
measured parallel to either of them, from the point to the plane
of the other two axes. Abscissas and ordinates taken together are
called co\'94rdinates. -- OX or PY is the abscissa of
the point P of the curve, OY or PX its ordinate, the intersecting
lines OX and OY being the axes of abscissas and ordinates
respectively, and the point O their origin.
Ab*scis"sion (#), n. [L.
abscissio. See Abscind.] 1.
The act or process of cutting off. \'bdNot to be cured
without the abscission of a member.\'b8
Jer. Taylor.
2. The state of being cut off.
Sir T. Browne.
3. (Rhet.) A figure of speech employed
when a speaker having begun to say a thing stops abruptly: thus,
\'bdHe is a man of so much honor and candor, and of such
generosity -- but I need say no more.\'b8
Ab*scond" (#), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Absconded; p.
pr. & vb. n. Absconding.] [L.
abscondere to hide; ab, abs +
condere to lay up; con + d\'ddre (only in comp.)
to put. Cf. Do.] 1. To hide,
withdraw, or be concealed.
The marmot absconds all winter.
Ray.
2. To depart clandestinely; to steal off and
secrete one's self; -- used especially of persons who withdraw to
avoid a legal process; as, an absconding
debtor.
That very homesickness which, in regular armies, drives so
many recruits to abscond.
Macaulay.
Ab*scond", v. t. To hide; to
conceal. [Obs.]
Bentley.
Ab*scond"ence (#), n. Fugitive
concealment; secret retirement; hiding. [R.]
Phillips.
Ab*scond"er (#), n. One who
absconds.
Ab"sence (#), n. [F., fr. L.
absentia. See Absent.] 1.
A state of being absent or withdrawn from a place or from
companionship; -- opposed to presence.
Not as in my presence only, but now much more in my
absence.
Phil. ii. 12.
2. Want; destitution; withdrawal. \'bdIn the
absence of conventional law.\'b8
Kent.
3. Inattention to things present; abstraction (of
mind); as, absence of mind.
\'bdReflecting on the little absences and distractions
of mankind.\'b8
Addison.
To conquer that abstraction which is called
absence.
Landor.
Ab"sent (#), a. [F., fr.
absens, absentis, p. pr. of
abesse to be away from; ab + esse to be.
Cf. Sooth.] 1. Being away from a
place; withdrawn from a place; not present. \'bdExpecting
absent friends.\'b8
Shak.
2. Not existing; lacking; as, the part was
rudimental or absent.
3. Inattentive to what is passing; absent-minded;
preoccupied; as, an absent air.
What is commonly called an absent man is commonly
either a very weak or a very affected man.
Chesterfield.
Syn. -- Absent, Abstracted.
These words both imply a want of attention to surrounding
objects. We speak of a man as absent when his thoughts
wander unconsciously from present scenes or topics of discourse;
we speak of him as abstracted when his mind (usually
for a brief period) is drawn off from present things by some
weighty matter for reflection. Absence of mind is
usually the result of loose habits of thought;
abstraction commonly arises either from engrossing
interests and cares, or from unfortunate habits of
association.
Ab*sent" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Absented; p.
pr. & vb. n. Absenting.] [Cf. F.
absenter.] 1. To take or withdraw
(one's self) to such a distance as to prevent intercourse; --
used with the reflexive pronoun.
If after due summons any member absents himself, he
is to be fined.
Addison.
2. To withhold from being present.
[Obs.] \'bdGo; for thy stay, not free,
absents thee more.\'b8
Milton.
Ab`sen*ta"ne*ous (#), a. [LL.
absentaneus. See absent]
Pertaining to absence. [Obs.]
Ab`sen*ta"tion (#), n. The act
of absenting one's self.
Sir W. Hamilton.
Ab`sen*tee" (#), n. One who
absents himself from his country, office, post, or duty;
especially, a landholder who lives in another country or district
than that where his estate is situated; as, an Irish
absentee.
Macaulay.
Ab`sen*tee"ism (#), n. The
state or practice of an absentee; esp. the practice of absenting
one's self from the country or district where one's estate is
situated.
Ab*sent"er (#), n. One who
absents one's self.
Ab"sent*ly (#), adv. In an
absent or abstracted manner.
Ab*sent"ment (#), n. The state
of being absent; withdrawal. [R.]
Barrow.
Ab`sent-mind"ed(#), a. Absent
in mind; abstracted; preoccupied. --
Ab`sent-mind"ed*ness, n. --
Ab`sent-mind"ed*ly, adv.
Ab"sent*ness (#), n. The
quality of being absent-minded.
H. Miller.
Ab"sey-book`(#), n. An A-B-C
book; a primer. [Obs.]
Shak.
Ab"sin"thate (#), n.
(Chem.) A combination of absinthic acid with a
base or positive radical.
{ Ab"sinth`, Ab"sinthe` }
(#), n. [F. absinthe. See
Absinthium.] 1. The plant absinthium
or common wormwood.
2. A strong spirituous liqueur made from wormwood
and brandy or alcohol.
Ab*sin"thi*al (#), a. Of or
pertaining to wormwood; absinthian.
Ab*sin"thi*an (#), n. Of the
nature of wormwood. \'bdAbsinthian
bitterness.\'b8
T. Randolph.
Ab"sin"thi*ate (#), v. t. [From
L. absinthium: cf. L. absinthiatus,
a.] To impregnate with wormwood.
Ab*sin"thi*a`ted (#), a.
Impregnated with wormwood; as, absinthiated
wine.
Ab*sin"thic (#), a.
(Chem.) Relating to the common wormwood or to an
acid obtained from it.
Ab*sin"thin (#), n.
(Chem.) The bitter principle of wormwood
(Artemisia absinthium).
Watts.
Ab"sin*thism (#), n. The
condition of being poisoned by the excessive use of
absinth.
Ab*sin"thi*um (#), n. [L., from
Gr. /.] (Bot.) The common wormwood
(Artemisia absinthium), an intensely bitter plant,
used as a tonic and for making the oil of wormwood.
Ab"sis (#), n. See
Apsis.
Ab*sist" (#), v. i. [L.
absistere, p. pr. absistens; ab +
sistere to stand, causal of stare.]
To stand apart from; top leave off; to desist.
[Obs.]
Raleigh.
Ab*sist"ence (#), n. A standing
aloof. [Obs.]
Ab"so*lute (#), a. [L.
absolutus, p. p. of absolvere: cf. F.
absolu. See Absolve.] 1.
Loosed from any limitation or condition; uncontrolled;
unrestricted; unconditional; as, absolute authority,
monarchy, sovereignty, an absolute promise or command;
absolute power; an absolute monarch.
2. Complete in itself; perfect; consummate;
faultless; as, absolute perfection;
absolute beauty.
So absolute she seems,
And in herself complete.
Milton.
3. Viewed apart from modifying influences or
without comparison with other objects; actual; real; -- opposed
to relative and comparative;
as, absolute motion; absolute time or
space.
Absolute rights and duties are such as pertain
to man in a state of nature as contradistinguished from
relative rights and duties, or such as pertain to him
in his social relations.
4. Loosed from, or unconnected by, dependence on
any other being; self-existent; self-sufficing.
the Absolute
by the Theist. The term is also applied by the Pantheist to the
universe, or the total of all existence, as only capable of
relations in its parts to each other and to the whole, and as
dependent for its existence and its phenomena on its mutually
depending forces and their laws.
5. Capable of being thought or conceived by itself
alone; unconditioned; non-relative.
the absolute, as thus defined,
can be known, as a reality, by the human intellect.
To Cusa we can indeed articulately trace, word and thing, the
recent philosophy of the absolute.
Sir W. Hamilton.
6. Positive; clear; certain; not doubtful.
[R.]
I am absolute 't was very Cloten.
Shak.
7. Authoritative; peremptory.
[R.]
The peddler stopped, and tapped her on the head,
With absolute forefinger, brown and ringed.
Mrs. Browning.
8. (Chem.) Pure; unmixed; as,
absolute alcohol.
9. (Gram.) Not immediately dependent on
the other parts of the sentence in government; as, the case
absolute. See Ablative absolute, under
Ablative.
Absolute curvature (Geom.), that
curvature of a curve of double curvature, which is measured in
the osculating plane of the curve. -- Absolute
equation (Astron.), the sum of the optic and
eccentric equations. -- Absolute space
(Physics), space considered without relation to
material limits or objects. -- Absolute terms.
(Alg.), such as are known, or which do not contain
the unknown quantity. Davies & Peck. --
Absolute temperature (Physics), the
temperature as measured on a scale determined by certain general
thermo-dynamic principles, and reckoned from the absolute
zero. -- Absolute zero (Physics),
the be ginning, or zero point, in the scale of absolute
temperature. It is equivalent to -273
Syn. -- Positive; peremptory; certain; unconditional;
unlimited; unrestricted; unqualified; arbitrary; despotic;
autocratic.
Ab"so*lute (#), n.
(Geom.) In a plane, the two imaginary circular
points at infinity; in space of three dimensions, the imaginary
circle at infinity.
Ab"so*lute*ly, adv. In an absolute,
independent, or unconditional manner; wholly; positively.
Ab"so*lute*ness, n. The quality of being
absolute; independence of everything extraneous; unlimitedness;
absolute power; independent reality; positiveness.
Ab`so*lu"tion (#), n. [F.
absolution, L. absolutio, fr.
absolvere to absolve. See Absolve.]
1. An absolving, or setting free from guilt, sin,
or penalty; forgiveness of an offense. \'bdGovernment . . .
granting absolution to the nation.\'b8
Froude.
2. (Civil Law) An acquittal, or sentence
of a judge declaring and accused person innocent.
[Obs.]
3. (R. C. Ch.) The exercise of priestly
jurisdiction in the sacrament of penance, by which Catholics
believe the sins of the truly penitent are forgiven.
4. (Eccl.) An absolving from
ecclesiastical penalties, -- for example, excommunication.
P. Cyc.
5. The form of words by which a penitent is
absolved.
Shipley.
6. Delivery, in speech. [Obs.]
B. Jonson.
Absolution day (R. C. Ch.), Tuesday
before Easter.
Ab"so*lu`tism (#), n. 1.
The state of being absolute; the system or doctrine of the
absolute; the principles or practice of absolute or arbitrary
government; despotism.
The element of absolutism and prelacy was
controlling.
Palfrey.
2. (Theol.) Doctrine of absolute
decrees.
Ash.
Ab"so*lu`tist (#), n. 1.
One who is in favor of an absolute or autocratic
government.
2. (Metaph.) One who believes that it is
possible to realize a cognition or concept of the
absolute.
Sir. W. Hamilton.
Ab"so*lu`tist, a. Of or pertaining to
absolutism; arbitrary; despotic; as, absolutist
principles.
Ab`so*lu*tis"tic (#), a.
Pertaining to absolutism; absolutist.
Ab*sol"u*to*ry (#), a. [L.
absolutorius, fr. absolvere to
absolve.] Serving to absolve; absolving. \'bdAn
absolutory sentence.\'b8
Ayliffe.
Ab*solv"a*ble (#), a. That may
be absolved.
Ab*solv"a*to*ry (#), a.
Conferring absolution; absolutory.
Ab*solve" (#; 277), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Absolved
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Absolving.] [L. absolvere to
set free, to absolve; ab + solvere to loose. See
Assoil, Solve.] 1. To set
free, or release, as from some obligation, debt, or
responsibility, or from the consequences of guilt or such ties as
it would be sin or guilt to violate; to pronounce free; as,
to absolve a subject from his allegiance; to
absolve an offender, which amounts to an acquittal and
remission of his punishment.
Halifax was absolved by a majority of fourteen.
Macaulay.
2. To free from a penalty; to pardon; to remit (a
sin); -- said of the sin or guilt.
In his name I absolve your perjury.
Gibbon.
3. To finish; to accomplish.
[Obs.]
The work begun, how soon absolved.
Milton.
4. To resolve or explain. [Obs.]
\'bdWe shall not absolve the doubt.\'b8
Sir T. Browne.
Syn. -- To Absolve, Exonerate,
Acquit. We speak of a man as
absolved from something that binds his conscience, or
involves the charge of wrongdoing; as, to absolve from
allegiance or from the obligation of an oath, or a promise. We
speak of a person as exonerated, when he is released
from some burden which had rested upon him; as, to
exonerate from suspicion, to exonerate from
blame or odium. It implies a purely moral acquittal. We speak of
a person as acquitted, when a decision has been made
in his favor with reference to a specific charge, either by a
jury or by disinterested persons; as, he was acquitted
of all participation in the crime.
Ab*solv"ent (#), a. [L.
absolvens, p. pr. of absolvere.]
Absolving. [R.]
Carlyle.
Ab*solv"ent, n. An absolver.
[R.]
Hobbes.
Ab*solv"er (#), n. One who
absolves.
Macaulay.
Ab"so*nant (#), a. [L. ab
+ sonans, p. pr. of sonare to sound.]
Discordant; contrary; -- opposed to
consonant. \'bdAbsonant to
nature.\'b8
Quarles.
Ab"so*nous (#), a. [L.
absonus; ab + sonus sound.]
Discordant; inharmonious; incongruous.
[Obs.] \'bdAbsonous to our reason.\'b8
Glanvill.
Ab*sorb" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Absorbed
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Absorbing.] [L. absorbere;
ab + sorbere to suck in, akin to Gr. /: cf. F.
absorber.] 1. To swallow up; to
engulf; to overwhelm; to cause to disappear as if by swallowing
up; to use up; to include. \'bdDark oblivion soon
absorbs them all.\'b8
Cowper.
The large cities absorb the wealth and fashion.
W. Irving.
2. To suck up; to drink in; to imbibe; as a sponge
or as the lacteals of the body.
Bacon.
3. To engross or engage wholly; to occupy fully;
as, absorbed in study or the pursuit of
wealth.
4. To take up by cohesive, chemical, or any
molecular action, as when charcoal absorbs gases. So
heat, light, and electricity are absorbed or taken up
in the substances into which they pass.
Nichol.
p. 8
Syn. -- To Absorb, Engross, Swallow
up, Engulf. These words agree in one
general idea, that of completely taking up. They are
chiefly used in a figurative sense and may be distinguished by a
reference to their etymology. We speak of a person as
absorbed (lit., drawn in, swallowed up) in study or
some other employment of the highest interest. We speak of a
person as ebgrossed (lit., seized upon in the
gross, or wholly) by something which occupies his
whole time and thoughts, as the acquisition of wealth, or the
attainment of honor. We speak of a person (under a stronger
image) as swallowed up and lost in that which
completely occupies his thoughts and feelings, as in grief at the
death of a friend, or in the multiplied cares of life. We speak
of a person as engulfed in that which (like a gulf)
takes in all his hopes and interests; as, engulfed in
misery, ruin, etc.
That grave question which had begun to absorb the
Christian mind -- the marriage of the clergy.
Milman.
Too long hath love engrossed Britannia's stage,
And sunk to softness all our tragic rage.
Tickell.
Should not the sad occasion swallow up
My other cares?
Addison.
And in destruction's river
Engulf and swallow those.
Sir P. Sidney.
Ab*sorb`a*bil"i*ty (#), n. The
state or quality of being absorbable.
Graham (Chemistry).
Ab*sorb"a*ble, a. [Cf. F.
absorbable.] Capable of being absorbed or
swallowed up.
Kerr.
Ab*sorb"ed*ly, adv. In a manner as if
wholly engrossed or engaged.
Ab*sorb"en*cy (#), n.
Absorptiveness.
Ab*sorb"ent (#), a. [L.
absorbens, p. pr. of absorbere.]
Absorbing; swallowing; absorptive.
Absorbent ground (Paint.), a ground
prepared for a picture, chiefly with distemper, or water colors,
by which the oil is absorbed, and a brilliancy is imparted to the
colors.
Ab*sorb"ent, n. 1. Anything
which absorbs.
The ocean, itself a bad absorbent of heat.
Darwin.
2. (Med.) Any substance which absorbs
and neutralizes acid fluid in the stomach and bowels, as
magnesia, chalk, etc.; also a substance e. g., iodine) which acts
on the absorbent vessels so as to reduce enlarged and indurated
parts.
3. pl. (Physiol.) The vessels
by which the processes of absorption are carried on, as the
lymphatics in animals, the extremities of the roots in
plants.
Ab*sorb"er (#), n. One who, or
that which, absorbs.
Ab*sorb"ing, a. Swallowing, engrossing;
as, an absorbing pursuit. --
Ab*sorb"ing, adv.
Ab`sor*bi"tion (#), n.
Absorption. [Obs.]
Ab*sorpt` (#), a. [L.
absorptus, p. p.] Absorbed.
[Arcahic.] \'bdAbsorpt in care.\'b8
Pope.
Ab*sorp"tion (#), n. [L.
absorptio, fr. absorbere. See
Absorb.] 1. The act or process of
absorbing or sucking in anything, or of being absorbed and made
to disappear; as, the absorption of bodies in a
whirlpool, the absorption of a smaller tribe into a
larger.
2. (Chem. & Physics) An imbibing or
reception by molecular or chemical action; as, the
absorption of light, heat, electricity, etc.
3. (Physiol.) In living organisms, the
process by which the materials of growth and nutrition are
absorbed and conveyed to the tissues and organs.
4. Entire engrossment or occupation of the mind;
as, absorption in some employment.
Ab*sorp"tive (#), a. Having
power, capacity, or tendency to absorb or imbibe.
E. Darwin.
Ab*sorp"tive*ness, n. The quality of
being absorptive; absorptive power.
Ab`sorp*tiv"i*ty (#), n.
Absorptiveness.
Ab*squat"u*late (#), v. i. To
take one's self off; to decamp. [A jocular word. U.
S.]
\'d8Abs"que hoc (#). [L., without
this.] (Law) The technical words of denial used
in traversing what has been alleged, and is repeated.
Ab*stain" (#), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Abstained
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Abstaining.] [OE. absteynen,
abstenen, OF. astenir, abstenir,
F. abstenir, fr. L. abstinere,
abstentum, v. t. & v. i., to keep from; ab,
abs + tenere to hold. See Tenable.]
To hold one's self aloof; to forbear or refrain voluntarily,
and especially from an indulgence of the passions or appetites;
-- with from.
Not a few abstained from voting.
Macaulay.
Who abstains from meat that is not gaunt?
Shak.
Syn. -- To refrain; forbear; withhold; deny one's self; give
up; relinquish.
Ab*stain", v. t. To hinder; to
withhold.
Whether he abstain men from marrying.
Milton.
Ab*stain"er (#), n. One who
abstains; esp., one who abstains from the use of intoxicating
liquors.
Ab*ste"mi*ous (#), a. [L.
abstemius; ab, abs + root of
temetum intoxicating drink.] 1.
Abstaining from wine. [Orig. Latin
sense.]
Under his special eye
Abstemious I grew up and thrived amain.
Milton.
2. Sparing in diet; refraining from a free use of
food and strong drinks; temperate; abstinent; sparing in the
indulgence of the appetite or passions.
Instances of longevity are chiefly among the
abstemious.
Arbuthnot.
3. Sparingly used; used with temperance or
moderation; as, an abstemious diet.
Gibbon.
4. Marked by, or spent in, abstinence; as, an
abstemious life. \'bdOne
abstemious day.\'b8
Pope.
5. Promotive of abstemiousness.
[R.]
Such is the virtue of the abstemious well.
Dryden.
Ab*ste"mi*ous*ness, n. The quality of
being abstemious, temperate, or sparing in the use of food and
strong drinks. It expresses a greater degree of abstinence than
temperance.
Ab*sten"tion (#), a. [F. See
Abstain.] The act of abstaining; a holding
aloof.
Jer. Taylor.
Ab*sten"tious (#), a.
Characterized by abstinence; self-restraining.
Farrar.
Ab*sterge (#), v. t. [L.
abstergere, abstersum; ab,
abs + tergere to wipe. Cf. F
absterger.] To make clean by wiping; to
wipe away; to cleanse; hence, to purge. [R.]
Quincy.
Ab*ster"gent (#), a. [L.
abstergens, p. pr. of abstergere.]
Serving to cleanse, detergent.
Ab*ster"gent, n. A substance used in
cleansing; a detergent; as, soap is an
abstergent.
Ab*sterse" (#), v. t. To
absterge; to cleanse; to purge away. [Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
Ab*ster"sion (#), n. [F.
abstersion. See Absterge.] Act of
wiping clean; a cleansing; a purging.
The task of ablution and abstersion being
performed.
Sir W. Scott.
Ab*ster"sive (#), a. [Cf. F.
abstersif. See Absterge.]
Cleansing; purging.
Bacon.
Ab*ster"sive, n. Something
cleansing.
The strong abstersive of some heroic
magistrate.
Milton.
Ab*ster"sive*ness, n. The quality of
being abstersive.
Fuller.
Ab"sti*nence (#), n. [F.
abstinence, L. abstinentia, fr.
abstinere. See Abstain.] 1.
The act or practice of abstaining; voluntary forbearance of
any action, especially the refraining from an indulgence of
appetite, or from customary gratifications of animal or sensual
propensities. Specifically, the practice of abstaining from
intoxicating beverages, -- called also total
abstinence.
The abstinence from a present pleasure that offers
itself is a pain, nay, oftentimes, a very great one.
Locke.
2. The practice of self-denial by depriving one's
self of certain kinds of food or drink, especially of meat.
Penance, fasts, and abstinence,
To punish bodies for the soul's offense.
Dryden.
Ab"sti*nen*cy (#), n.
Abstinence. [R.]
Ab"sti*nent (#), a. [F.
abstinent, L. abstinens, p. pr. of
abstinere. See Abstain.]
Refraining from indulgence, especially from the indulgence
of appetite; abstemious; continent; temperate.
Beau. & Fl.
Ab"sti*nent, n. 1. One who
abstains.
2. (Eccl. Hist.) One of a sect who
appeared in France and Spain in the 3d century.
Ab"sti*nent*ly, adv. With
abstinence.
Ab*stort"ed (#), a. [As if fr.
abstort, fr. L. ab, abs +
tortus, p. p. of torquere to twist.]
Wrested away. [Obs.]
Bailey.
Ab"stract` (#; 277), a. [L.
abstractus, p. p. of abstrahere to draw
from, separate; ab, abs + trahere to draw.
See Trace.] 1. Withdraw;
separate. [Obs.]
The more abstract . . . we are from the body.
Norris.
2. Considered apart from any application to a
particular object; separated from matter; exiting in the mind
only; as, abstract truth, abstract
numbers. Hence: ideal; abstruse; difficult.
3. (Logic) (a) Expressing a
particular property of an object viewed apart from the other
properties which constitute it; -- opposed to
concrete; as, honesty is an abstract
word. J. S. Mill. (b) Resulting
from the mental faculty of abstraction; general as opposed to
particular; as, \'bdreptile\'b8 is an abstract or
general name.
Locke.
A concrete name is a name which stands for a thing; an
abstract name which stands for an attribute of a
thing. A practice has grown up in more modern times, which, if
not introduced by Locke, has gained currency from his example, of
applying the expression \'bdabstract name\'b8 to all
names which are the result of abstraction and generalization, and
consequently to all general names, instead of confining it to the
names of attributes.
J. S. Mill.
4. Abstracted; absent in mind.
\'bdAbstract, as in a trance.\'b8
Milton.
An abstract idea (Metaph.), an idea
separated from a complex object, or from other ideas which
naturally accompany it; as the solidity of marble when
contemplated apart from its color or figure. --
Abstract terms, those which express abstract
ideas, as beauty, whiteness, roundness, without regarding any
object in which they exist; or abstract terms are the
names of orders, genera or species of things, in which there is a
combination of similar qualities. -- Abstract
numbers (Math.), numbers used without
application to things, as 6, 8, 10; but when applied to any
thing, as 6 feet, 10 men, they become concrete. --
Abstract Pure
mathematics. See Mathematics.
Ab*stract" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Abstracted; p.
pr. & vb. n. Abstracting.] [See
Abstract, a.]
1. To withdraw; to separate; to take away.
He was incapable of forming any opinion or resolution
abstracted from his own prejudices.
Sir W. Scott.
2. To draw off in respect to interest or attention;
as, his was wholly abstracted by other
objects.
The young stranger had been abstracted and
silent.
Blackw. Mag.
3. To separate, as ideas, by the operation of the
mind; to consider by itself; to contemplate separately, as a
quality or attribute.
Whately.
4. To epitomize; to abridge.
Franklin.
5. To take secretly or dishonestly; to purloin;
as, to abstract goods from a parcel, or money from a
till.
Von Rosen had quietly abstracted the bearing-reins
from the harness.
W. Black.
6. (Chem.) To separate, as the more
volatile or soluble parts of a substance, by distillation or
other chemical processes. In this sense extract is now
more generally used.
Ab*stract", v. t. To perform the process
of abstraction. [R.]
I own myself able to abstract in one sense.
Berkeley.
Ab"stract` (#), n. [See
Abstract, a.] 1. That
which comprises or concentrates in itself the essential qualities
of a larger thing or of several things. Specifically: A summary
or an epitome, as of a treatise or book, or of a statement; a
brief.
An abstract of every treatise he had read.
Watts.
Man, the abstract
Of all perfection, which the workmanship
Of Heaven hath modeled.
Ford.
2. A state of separation from other things; as,
to consider a subject in the abstract, or apart from
other associated things.
3. An abstract term.
The concretes \'bdfather\'b8 and \'bdson\'b8 have, or might
have, the abstracts \'bdpaternity\'b8 and
\'bdfiliety.\'b8
J. S. Mill.
4. (Med.) A powdered solid extract of a
vegetable substance mixed with sugar of milk in such proportion
that one part of the abstract represents two parts of the
original substance.
Abstract of title (Law), an epitome
of the evidences of ownership.
Syn. -- Abridgment; compendium; epitome; synopsis. See
Abridgment.
Ab*stract"ed (#), a. 1.
Separated or disconnected; withdrawn; removed; apart.
The evil abstracted stood from his own evil.
Milton.
2. Separated from matter; abstract; ideal.
[Obs.]
3. Abstract; abstruse; difficult.
[Obs.]
Johnson.
4. Inattentive to surrounding objects; absent in
mind. \'bdAn abstracted scholar.\'b8
Johnson.
Ab*stract"ed*ly, adv. In an abstracted
manner; separately; with absence of mind.
Ab*stract"ed*ness, n. The state of being
abstracted; abstract character.
Ab*stract"er (#), n. One who
abstracts, or makes an abstract.
Ab*strac"tion (#), n. [Cf. F.
abstraction. See Abstract,
a.] 1. The act of abstracting,
separating, or withdrawing, or the state of being withdrawn;
withdrawal.
A wrongful abstraction of wealth from certain
members of the community.
J. S. Mill.
2. (Metaph.) The act process of leaving
out of consideration one or more properties of a complex object
so as to attend to others; analysis. Thus, when the mind
considers the form of a tree by itself, or the color of the
leaves as separate from their size or figure, the act is called
abstraction. So, also, when it considers
whiteness, softness, virtue,
existence, as separate from any particular
objects.
Abstraction is necessary to
classification, by which things are arranged in genera and
species. We separate in idea the qualities of certain objects,
which are of the same kind, from others which are different, in
each, and arrange the objects having the same properties in a
class, or collected body.
Abstraction is no positive act: it is simply the
negative of attention.
Sir W. Hamilton.
3. An idea or notion of an abstract, or theoretical
nature; as, to fight for mere
abstractions.
4. A separation from worldly objects; a recluse
life; as, a hermit's abstraction.
5. Absence or absorption of mind; inattention to
present objects.
6. The taking surreptitiously for one's own use
part of the property of another; purloining.
[Modern]
7. (Chem.) A separation of volatile
parts by the act of distillation.
Nicholson.
Ab*strac"tion*al (#), a.
Pertaining to abstraction.
Ab*strac"tion*ist, n. An idealist.
Emerson.
Ab`strac*ti"tious (#), a.
Obtained from plants by distillation.
[Obs.]
Crabb.
Ab*strac"tive (#), a. [Cf. F.
abstractif.] Having the power of
abstracting; of an abstracting nature. \'bdThe
abstractive faculty.\'b8
I. Taylor.
Ab*strac"tive*ly, adv. In a abstract
manner; separately; in or by itself.
Feltham.
Ab*strac"tive*ness, n. The quality of
being abstractive; abstractive property.
Ab"stract`ly (#; 277), adv. In
an abstract state or manner; separately; absolutely; by itself;
as, matter abstractly considered.
Ab"stract`ness, n. The quality of being
abstract. \'bdThe abstractness of the ideas.\'b8
Locke.
Ab*stringe" (#), v. t. [L
ab + stringere, strictum, to press
together.] To unbind. [Obs.]
Bailey.
Ab*strude" (#), v. t. [L.
abstrudere. See Abstruse.] To
thrust away. [Obs.]
Johnson.
Ab*struse" (#), a. [L.
abstrusus, p. p. of abstrudere to thrust
away, conceal; ab, abs + trudere to thrust;
cf. F. abstrus. See Threat.]
1. Concealed or hidden out of the way.
[Obs.]
The eternal eye whose sight discerns
Abstrusest thoughts.
Milton.
2. Remote from apprehension; difficult to be
comprehended or understood; recondite; as, abstruse
learning.
Profound and abstruse topics.
Milman.
Ab*struse"ly, adv. In an abstruse
manner.
Ab*struse"ness, n. The quality of being
abstruse; difficulty of apprehension.
Boyle.
Ab*stru"sion (#), n. [L.
abstrusio. See Abstruse.] The act
of thrusting away. [R.]
Ogilvie.
Ab*stru"si*ty (#), n.
Abstruseness; that which is abstruse.
[R.]
Sir T. Browne.
Ab*sume" (#), v. t. [L.
absumere, absumptum; ab + sumere
to take.] To consume gradually; to waste away.
[Obs.]
Boyle.
Ab*sump"tion (#; 215), n. [L.
absumptio. See Absume.] Act of
wasting away; a consuming; extinction. [Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
Ab*surd" (#), a. [L.
absurdus harsh-sounding; ab + (prob) a
derivative fr. a root svar to sound; not connected
with surd: cf. F. absurde. See
Syringe.] Contrary to reason or propriety;
obviously and fiatly opposed to manifest truth; inconsistent with
the plain dictates of common sense; logically contradictory;
nonsensical; ridiculous; as, an absurd person, an
absurd opinion; an absurd dream.
This proffer is absurd and reasonless.
Shak.
'This phrase absurd to call a villain great.
Pope.
p. 9
Syn. -- Foolish; irrational; ridiculous; preposterous;
inconsistent; incongruous. -- Absurd,
Irrational, Foolish, Preposterous. Of
these terms, irrational is the weakest, denoting that
which is plainly inconsistent with the dictates of sound reason;
as, an irrational course of life. Foolish
rises higher, and implies either a perversion of that faculty, or
an absolute weakness or fatuity of mind; as, foolish
enterprises. Absurd rises still higher, denoting that
which is plainly opposed to received notions of propriety and
truth; as, an absurd man, project, opinion, story,
argument, etc. Preposterous rises still higher, and
supposes an absolute inversion in the order of things;
or, in plain terms, a \'bdputting of the cart before the
horse;\'b8 as, a preposterous suggestion,
preposterous conduct, a preposterous
regulation or law.
Ab*surd" (#), n. An
absurdity. [Obs.]
Pope.
Ab*surd"i*ty (#), n.; pl.
Absurdities (#). [L.
absurditas: cf. F. absurdite.]
1. The quality of being absurd or inconsistent with
obvious truth, reason, or sound judgment. \'bdThe
absurdity of the actual idea of an infinite
number.\'b8
Locke.
2. That which is absurd; an absurd action; a
logical contradiction.
His travels were full of absurdities.
Johnson.
Ab*surd"ly, adv. In an absurd
manner.
Ab*surd"ness, n. Absurdity.
[R.]
\'d8A*bu"na (#), n. [Eth. and
Ar., our father.] The Patriarch, or head of the
Abyssinian Church.
A*bun"dance (#), n. [OE.
(h)abudaunce, abundance, F.
abundance, F. abondance, L.
abundantia, fr. abundare. See
Abound.] An overflowing fullness; ample
sufficiency; great plenty; profusion; copious supply;
superfluity; wealth: -- strictly applicable to quantity only, but
sometimes used of number.
It is lamentable to remember what abundance of
noble blood hath been shed with small benefit to the Christian
state.
Raleigh.
Syn. -- Exuberance; plenteousness; plenty; copiousness;
overflow; riches; affluence; wealth. --
Abundance, Plenty, Exuberance. These
words rise upon each other in expressing the idea of fullness.
Plenty denotes a sufficiency to supply every want; as,
plenty of food, plenty of money, etc.
Abundance express more, and gives the idea of
superfluity or excess; as, abundance of riches, an
abundance of wit and humor; often, however, it only
denotes plenty in a high degree. Exuberance rises
still higher, and implies a bursting forth on every side,
producing great superfluity or redundance; as, an
exuberance of mirth, an exuberance of
animal spirits, etc.
A*bun"dant (#), a. [OE.
(h)abundant, aboundant, F.
abondant, fr. L. abudans, p. pr. of
abundare. See Abound.] Fully
sufficient; plentiful; in copious supply; -- followed by
in, rarely by with.
\'bdAbundant in goodness and truth.\'b8
Exod. xxxiv. 6.
Abundant number (Math.), a number,
the sum of whose aliquot parts exceeds the number itself. Thus,
1, 2, 3, 4, 6, the aliquot parts of 12, make the number 16. This
is opposed to a deficient number, as 14, whose aliquot
parts are 1, 2, 7, the sum of which is 10; and to a
perfect number, which is equal to the sum of its
aliquot parts, as 6, whose aliquot parts are 1, 2., 3.
Syn. -- Ample; plentiful; copious; plenteous; exuberant;
overflowing; rich; teeming; profuse; bountiful; liberal. See
Ample.
A*bun"dant*ly, adv. In a sufficient
degree; fully; amply; plentifully; in large measure.
A*burst" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- + burst.] In a bursting
condition.
A*bus"a*ble (#), a. That may be
abused.
A*bus"age (#), n. Abuse.
[Obs.]
Whately (1634).
A*buse" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Abused (#);
p. pr. & vb. n. Abusing.]
[F. abuser; L. abusus, p. p. of
abuti to abuse, misuse; ab + uti to use.
See Use.] 1. To put to a wrong use;
to misapply; to misuse; to put to a bad use; to use for a wrong
purpose or end; to pervert; as, to abuse inherited
gold; to make an excessive use of; as, to abuse
one's authority.
This principle (if one may so abuse the word)
shoots rapidly into popularity.
Froude.
2. To use ill; to maltreat; to act injuriously to;
to punish or to tax excessively; to hurt; as, to
abuse prisoners, to abuse one's powers, one's
patience.
3. To revile; to reproach coarsely; to
disparage.
The . . . tellers of news abused the general.
Macaulay.
4. To dishonor. \'bdShall flight
abuse your name?\'b8
Shak.
5. To violate; to ravish.
Spenser.
6. To deceive; to impose on.
[Obs.]
Their eyes red and staring, cozened with a moist cloud, and
abused by a double object.
Jer. Taylor.
Syn. -- To maltreat; injure; revile; reproach; vilify;
vituperate; asperse; traduce; malign.
A*buse" (#), n. [F.
abus, L. abusus, fr. abuti. See
Abuse, v. t.] 1. Improper
treatment or use; application to a wrong or bad purpose; misuse;
as, an abuse of our natural powers; an
abuse of civil rights, or of privileges or advantages; an
abuse of language.
Liberty may be endangered by the abuses of liberty,
as well as by the abuses of power.
Madison.
2. Physical ill treatment; injury.
\'bdRejoice . . . at the abuse of Falstaff.\'b8
Shak.
3. A corrupt practice or custom; offense; crime;
fault; as, the abuses in the civil
service.
Abuse after disappeared without a struggle..
Macaulay.
4. Vituperative words; coarse, insulting speech;
abusive language; virulent condemnation; reviling.
The two parties, after exchanging a good deal of
abuse, came to blows.
Macaulay.
5. Violation; rape; as, abuse of a
female child. [Obs.]
Or is it some abuse, and no such thing?
Shak.
Abuse of distress (Law), a wrongful
using of an animal or chattel distrained, by the
distrainer.
Syn. -- Invective; contumely; reproach; scurrility; insult;
opprobrium. -- Abuse, Invective.
Abuse is generally prompted by anger, and vented in
harsh and unseemly words. It is more personal and coarse than
invective. Abuse generally takes place in
private quarrels; invective in writing or public
discussions. Invective may be conveyed in refined
language and dictated by indignation against what is blameworthy.
C. J. Smith.
A*buse"ful (#), a. Full of
abuse; abusive. [R.] \'bdAbuseful
names.\'b8
Bp. Barlow.
A*bus"er (#), n. One who abuses
[in the various senses of the verb].
A*bu"sion (#), n. [OE.
abusion, abusioun, OF. abusion,
fr. L. abusio misuse of words, f. abuti.
See Abuse, v. t.] Evil or corrupt
usage; abuse; wrong; reproach; deception; cheat.
Chaucer.
A*bu"sive (#), a. [Cf. F.
abusif, fr. L. abusivus.] 1.
Wrongly used; perverted; misapplied.
I am . . . necessitated to use the word Parliament improperly,
according to the abusive acceptation thereof.
Fuller.
2. Given to misusing; also, full of abuses.
[Archaic] \'bdThe abusive prerogatives of
his see.\'b8
Hallam.
3. Practicing abuse; prone to ill treat by coarse,
insulting words or by other ill usage; as, an
abusive author; an abusive fellow.
4. Containing abuse, or serving as the instrument
of abuse; vituperative; reproachful; scurrilous. \'bdAn
abusive lampoon.\'b8
Johnson.
5. Tending to deceive; fraudulent; cheating.
[Obs.] \'bdAn abusive treaty.\'b8
Bacon.
Syn. -- Reproachful; scurrilous; opprobrious; insolent;
insulting; injurious; offensive; reviling.
A*bu"sive*ly, adv. In an abusive manner;
rudely; with abusive language.
A*bu"sive*ness, n. The quality of being
abusive; rudeness of language, or violence to the person.
Pick out mirth, like stones out of thy ground,
Profaneness, filthiness, abusiveness.
Herbert.
A*but" (#), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Abutted; p. pr.
& vb. n. Abutting.] [OF.
abouter, aboter; cf. F. aboutir,
and also abuter; a (L. ad) + OF.
boter, buter, to push: cf. F.
bout end, and but end, purpose.]
To project; to terminate or border; to be contiguous; to
meet; -- with on, upon, or
against; as, his land abuts on the
road.
A*bu"ti*lon (#), n. [Ar.
aub\'d4t\'c6l\'d4n.] (Bot.) A
genus of malvaceous plants of many species, found in the torrid
and temperate zones of both continents; -- called also
Indian mallow.
A*but"ment (#), n. 1.
State of abutting.
2. That on or against which a body abuts or
presses; as (a) (Arch.) The solid
part of a pier or wall, etc., which receives the thrust or
lateral pressure of an arch, vault, or strut.
Gwilt. (b) (mech.) A fixed
point or surface from which resistance or reaction is obtained,
as the cylinder head of a steam engine, the fulcrum of a lever,
etc. (c) In breech-loading firearms, the
block behind the barrel which receives the pressure due to
recoil.
A*but"tal (#), n. The butting
or boundary of land, particularly at the end; a headland.
Spelman.
A*but"ter (#), n. One who, or
that which, abuts. Specifically, the owner of a contiguous
estate; as, the abutters on a street or a
river.
A*buzz" (#), a. [Pref.
a- + buzz.] In a buzz;
buzzing. [Colloq.]
Dickens.
{ A*by", A*bye" } (#),
v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p.
Abought (#).] [AS.
\'bebycgan to pay for; pref. \'be- (cf.
Goth. us-, Ger. er-, orig. meaning
out) + bycgan to buy. See Buy, and
cf. Abide.] 1. To pay for; to suffer
for; to atone for; to make amends for; to give
satisfaction. [Obs.]
Lest to thy peril thou aby it dear.
Shak.
2. To endure; to abide. [Obs.]
But nought that wanteth rest can long aby.
Spenser.
A*bysm" (#), n. [OF.
abisme; F. abime, LL. abyssimus,
a superl. of L. abyssus; Gr. /. See
Abyss.] An abyss; a gulf. \'bdThe
abysm of hell.\'b8
Shak.
A*bys"mal (#), a. Pertaining
to, or resembling, an abyss; bottomless; unending;
profound.
Geology gives one the same abysmal extent of time
that astronomy does of space.
Carlyle.
A*bys"mal*ly, adv. To a fathomless
depth; profoundly. \'bdAbysmally ignorant.\'b8
G. Eliot.
A*byss" (#), n. [L.
abyssus a bottomless gulf, fr. Gr. / bottomless; /
priv. + / depth, bottom.] 1. A bottomless
or unfathomed depth, gulf, or chasm; hence, any deep,
immeasurable, and, specifically, hell, or the bottomless
pit.
Ye powers and spirits of this nethermost abyss.
Milton.
The throne is darkness, in the abyss of light.
Dryden.
2. Infinite time; a vast intellectual or moral
depth.
The abysses of metaphysical theology.
Macaulay.
In unfathomable abysses of disgrace.
Burke.
3. (Her.) The center of an
escutcheon.
Encyc. Brit.
A*byss"al (#), a. [Cf.
Abysmal.] Belonging to, or resembling, an
abyss; unfathomable.
Abyssal zone (Phys. Geog.), one of
the belts or zones into which Sir E. Forbes divides the bottom of
the sea in describing its plants, animals, etc. It is the one
furthest from the shore, embracing all beyond one hundred fathoms
deep. Hence, abyssal animals, plants, etc.
Ab`ys*sin"i*an (#), a. Of or
pertaining to Abyssinia.
Abyssinian gold, an alloy of 90.74 parts of
copper and 8.33 parts of zink.
Ure.
Ab`ys*sin"i*an, n. 1. A native
of Abyssinia.
2. A member of the Abyssinian Church.
A*ca"ci*a (#), n.
(Antiq.) A roll or bag, filled with dust, borne
by Byzantine emperors, as a memento of mortality. It is
represented on medals.
A*ca"cia (#), n.; pl. E.
Acacias (#), L. Acaci\'91
(#). [L. from Gr. /; orig. the name of a
thorny tree found in Egypt; prob. fr. the root ak to
be sharp. See Acute.] 1. A genus of
leguminous trees and shrubs. Nearly 300 species are Australian or
Polynesian, and have terete or vertically compressed leaf stalks,
instead of the bipinnate leaves of the much fewer species of
America, Africa, etc. Very few are found in temperate
climates.
2. (Med.) The inspissated juice of
several species of acacia; -- called also gum
acacia, and gum arabic.
Ac"a*cin, Ac"a*cine (#),
n. Gum arabic.
Ac`a*deme" (#), n. [L.
academia. See Academy.] An
academy. [Poetic]
Shak.
Ac`a*de"mi*al (#), a.
Academic. [R.]
Ac`a*de"mi*an (#), n. A member
of an academy, university, or college.
{ Ac`a*dem"ic (#), Ac`a*dem"ic*al
(#), } a. [L.
academicus: cf. F. acad\'82migue. See
Academy.] 1. Belonging to the school
or philosophy of Plato; as, the Academic sect or
philosophy.
2. Belonging to an academy or other higher
institution of learning; scholarly; literary or classical, in
distinction from scientific. \'bdAcademic
courses.\'b8 Warburton. \'bdAcademical
study.\'b8 Berkeley.
Ac`a*dem"ic, n. 1. One holding
the philosophy of Socrates and Plato; a Platonist.
Hume.
2. A member of an academy, college, or university;
an academician.
Ac`a*dem`ic*al*ly, adv. In an academical
manner.
Ac`a*dem"ic*als (#), n. pl. The
articles of dress prescribed and worn at some colleges and
universities.
Ac`a*de*mi"cian (#; 277), n.
[F. acad\'82micien. See Academy.]
1. A member of an academy, or society for promoting
science, art, or literature, as of the French Academy, or the
Royal Academy of arts.
2. A collegian. [R.]
Chesterfield.
Ac`a*dem"i*cism (#), n. 1.
A tenet of the Academic philosophy.
2. A mannerism or mode peculiar to an
academy.
A*cad"e*mism (#), n. The
doctrines of the Academic philosophy. [Obs.]
Baxter.
A*cad"e*mist (#), n. [F.
academiste.] 1. An Academic
philosopher.
2. An academician. [Obs.]
Ray.
A*cad"e*my (#), n.; pl.
Academies (#). [F.
acad\'82mie, L. academia. Cf.
Academe.] 1. A garden or grove near
Athens (so named from the hero Academus), where Plato
and his followers held their philosophical conferences; hence,
the school of philosophy of which Plato was head.
2. An institution for the study of higher learning;
a college or a university. Popularly, a school, or seminary of
learning, holding a rank between a college and a common
school.
3. A place of training; a school.
\'bdAcademies of fanaticism.\'b8
Hume.
4. A society of learned men united for the
advancement of the arts and sciences, and literature, or some
particular art or science; as, the French Academy;
the American Academy of Arts and Sciences;
academies of literature and philology.
5. A school or place of training in which some
special art is taught; as, the military academy at
West Point; a riding academy; the Academy of
Music.
Academy figure (Paint.), a drawing
usually half life-size, in crayon or pencil, after a nude
model.
A*ca"di*an (#), a. Of or
pertaining to Acadie, or Nova Scotia.
\'bdAcadian farmers.\'b8 Longfellow. --
n. A native of Acadie.
Acadian epoch (Geol.), an epoch at
the beginning of the American paleozoic time, and including the
oldest American rocks known to be fossiliferous. See
Geology. -- Acadian owl
(Zo\'94l.), a small North American owl
(Nyctule Acadica); the saw-whet.
\'d8Ac"a*jou (#), n. [F. See
Cashew.] (Bot.) (a) The
cashew tree; also, its fruit. See Cashew.
(b) The mahogany tree; also, its timber.
{ Ac"a*leph (#), Ac`a*le"phan
(#) } n.; pl. Acalephs
(#), Acalephans (#). [See
Acaleph\'91.] (Zo\'94l.) One of
the Acaleph\'91.
\'d8Ac`a*le"ph\'91 (#), n. pl.
[NL., from Gr. /, a nettle.] A group of
C\'d2lenterata, including the Medus\'91 or jellyfishes, and
hydroids; -- so called from the stinging power they possess.
Sometimes called sea nettles.
Ac`ale"phoid (#), a.
[Acaleph + -oid.]
(Zo\'94l.) Belonging to or resembling the
Acaleph\'91 or jellyfishes.
A*cal"y*cine (#),
Ac`a*lys`i*nous (#), a.
[Gr. / priv. + / calyx.] (Bot.)
Without a calyx, or outer floral envelope.
A*canth" (#), n. Same as
Acanthus.
\'d8A*can"tha (#), n. [Gr. /
thorn, fr. / point. See Acute.] 1.
(Bot.) A prickle.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A spine or prickly
fin.
3. (Anat.) The vertebral column; the
spinous process of a vertebra.
Dunglison.
Ac"an*tha"ceous (#), a. 1.
Armed with prickles, as a plant.
2. (Bot.) Of, pertaining to, or
resembling, the family of plants of which the acanthus is the
type.
<-- p. 10 -->
A*can"thine (#), a. [L.
acanthinus, Gr. /, thorny, fr. /. See
Acanthus.] Of, pertaining to, or resembling,
the plant acanthus.
A*can`tho*car"pous (#), a. [Gr.
/ thorn + / fruit.] (Bot.) Having the
fruit covered with spines.
\'d8A*can`tho*ceph"a*la (#), n. pl.
[NL., from Gr. / a spine, thorn + / head.]
(Zo\'94l.) A group of intestinal worms, having
the proboscis armed with recurved spines.
A*can`tho*ceph"a*lous (#), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Having a spiny head, as one of the
Acanthocephala.
Ac`an*thoph"o*rous (#), a. [Gr.
/, fr. / spine + / to bear.]
Spine-bearing.
Gray.
A*can`tho*po"di*ous (#), a.
[Gr. / thorn + /, /, foot.] (Bot.)
Having spinous petioles.
\'d8Ac`an*thop"ter*i (#), n. pl.
[NL., from Gr. / thorn + / wing, fin.]
(Zo\'94l.) A group of teleostean fishes having
spiny fins. See Acanthopterygii.
Ac`an*thop"ter*ous (#), a. [Gr.
/ spine + / wing.] 1. (Zo\'94l.)
Spiny-winged.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Acanthopterygious.
Ac`an*thop`ter*yg"i*an (#), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Belonging to the order of fishes
having spinose fins, as the perch. -- n.
A spiny-finned fish.
\'d8Ac`an*thop`ter*yg"i*i (#), n.
pl. [NL., from Gr. / thorn + / fin, dim. fr. /
wing.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of fishes having
some of the rays of the dorsal, ventral, and anal fins
unarticulated and spinelike, as the perch.
Ac`an*thop`ter*yg"i*ous (#), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Having fins in which the rays are hard
and spinelike; spiny-finned.
A*can"thus (#), n.; pl. E.
Acanthuses (#), L. Acanthi
(#). [L., from Gr. /. Cf.
Acantha.]
1. (Bot.) A genus of herbaceous prickly
plants, found in the south of Europe, Asia Minor, and India;
bear's-breech.
2. (Arch.) An ornament resembling the
foliage or leaves of the acanthus (Acanthus spinosus);
-- used in the capitals of the Corinthian and Composite
orders.
\'d8A cap*pel"la (#). [It. See
Chapel.] (Mus.) (a) In
church or chapel style; -- said of compositions sung in the old
church style, without instrumental accompaniment; as, a mass
a capella, i. e., a mass purely vocal.
(b) A time indication, equivalent to alla
breve.
A*cap"su*lar (#), a. [Pref.
a- not + capsular.] (Bot.)
Having no capsule.
A*car"di*ac (#), a. [Gr. /;
/ priv. + / heart.] Without a heart; as, an
acardiac fetus.
A*car"i*dan (#), n. [See
Acarus.] (Zo\'94l.) One of a group
of arachnids, including the mites and ticks.
\'d8Ac`a*ri"na (#), n. pl.
[NL., from Gr. / a mite.] (Zo\'94l.)
The group of Arachnida which includes the mites and ticks.
Many species are parasitic, and cause diseases like the itch and
mange.
Ac"a*rine (#), a. (Med.)
Of or caused by acari or mites; as,
acarine diseases.
Ac"a*roid (#), a. [NL.,
acarus a mite + -oid.]
(Zo\'94l.) Shaped like or resembling a
mite.
Ac`ar*pel"lous (#), a. [Pref.
a- not + carpel.] (Bot.)
Having no carpels.
A*car"pous (#), a. [Gr. /;
/ priv. + / fruit.] (Bot.) Not
producing fruit; unfruitful.
\'d8Ac"a*rus (#), n.; pl.
Acari (#). [NL., from Gr. / the
cheese mite, tick.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus
including many species of small mites.
A*cat`a*lec"tic (#), a. [L.
acatalecticus, Gr. /, not defective at the end; /
priv. + / to cease.] (Pros.) Not
defective; complete; as, an acatalectic
verse. -- n. A verse which has
the complete number of feet and syllables.
A*cat"a*lep`sy (#), n. [Gr.
/; / priv. + / to seize, comprehend.]
Incomprehensibility of things; the doctrine held by the
ancient Skeptic philosophers, that human knowledge never amounts
to certainty, but only to probability.
A*cat`a*lep"tic (#), a. [Gr.
/.] Incapable of being comprehended;
incomprehensible.
A*ca"ter (#), n. See
Caterer. [Obs.]
A*cates" (#), n. pl. See
Cates. [Obs.]
A*cau"date (#), a. [Pref.
a- not + caudate.]
Tailless.
Ac`au*les"cent (#), a. [Pref.
a- not + caulescent.]
(Bot.) Having no stem or caulis, or only a very
short one concealed in the ground.
Gray.
A*cau"line (#), a. [Pref.
a- not + cauline.] (Bot.)
Same as Acaulescent.
{ A*cau"lose (#), A*cau"lous
(#), } a. [Gr. /; / priv. +
/ stalk or L. caulis stalk. See
Cole.] (Bot.) Same as
Acaulescent.
Ac*ca"di*an (#), a. [From the
city Accad. See Gen. x. 10.] Pertaining to
a race supposed to have lived in Babylonia before the Assyrian
conquest.
-- Ac*ca"di*an, n., Ac"cad
(#), n.
Sayce.
Ac*cede" (#), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Acceded; p. pr.
& vb. n. Acceding.] [L.
accedere to approach, accede; ad + cedere
to move, yield: cf. F. acc\'82dere. See
Cede.]
1. To approach; to come forward; -- opposed to
recede. [Obs.]
T. Gale.
2. To enter upon an office or dignity; to
attain.
Edward IV., who had acceded to the throne in the
year 1461.
T. Warton.
If Frederick had acceded to the supreme power.
Morley.
3. To become a party by associating one's self with
others; to give one's adhesion. Hence, to agree or assent to a
proposal or a view; as, he acceded to my
request.
The treaty of Hanover in 1725 . . . to which the Dutch
afterwards acceded.
Chesterfield.
Syn. -- To agree; assent; consent; comply; acquiesce;
concur.
Ac*ced"ence (#), n. The act of
acceding.
Ac*ced"er (#), n. One who
accedes.
\'d8Ac*cel`er*an"do (#), a.
[It.] (Mus.) Gradually accelerating
the movement.
Ac*cel"er*ate (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Accelerated
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Accelerating.] [L.
acceleratus, p. p. of accelerare; ad +
celerare to hasten; celer quick. See
Celerity.] 1. To cause to move
faster; to quicken the motion of; to add to the speed of; --
opposed to retard.
2. To quicken the natural or ordinary progression
or process of; as, to accelerate the growth of a
plant, the increase of wealth, etc.
3. To hasten, as the occurence of an event; as,
to accelerate our departure.
Accelerated motion (Mech.), motion
with a continually increasing velocity. -- Accelerating
force, the force which causes accelerated
motion.
Nichol.
Syn. -- To hasten; expedite; quicken; dispatch; forward;
advance; further.
Ac*cel`er*a"tion (#), n. [L.
acceleratio: cf. F.
acc\'82l\'82ration.] The act of
accelerating, or the state of being accelerated; increase of
motion or action; as, a falling body moves toward the earth
with an acceleration of velocity; -- opposed to
retardation.
A period of social improvement, or of intellectual
advancement, contains within itself a principle of
acceleration.
I. Taylor.
(Astr. & Physics.) Acceleration of the
moon, the increase of the moon's mean motion in its
orbit, in consequence of which its period of revolution is now
shorter than in ancient times. --
Acceleration and retardation of the
tides. See Priming of the tides,
under Priming. -- Diurnal acceleration of the
fixed stars, the amount by which their apparent diurnal
motion exceeds that of the sun, in consequence of which they
daily come to the meridian of any place about three minutes
fifty-six seconds of solar time earlier than on the day
preceding. -- Acceleration of the planets,
the increasing velocity of their motion, in proceeding from
the apogee to the perigee of their orbits.
Ac*cel"er*a*tive (#), a.
Relating to acceleration; adding to velocity;
quickening.
Reid.
Ac*cel"er*a`tor (#), n. One
who, or that which, accelerates. Also as an adj.;
as, accelerator nerves.
Ac*cel"er*a*to*ry (#), a.
Accelerative.
Ac*cel"er*o*graph (#), n.
[Accelerate + -graph.]
(Mil.) An apparatus for studying the combustion
of powder in guns, etc.
Ac*cel`er*om"e*ter (#), n.
[Accelerate + -meter.] An
apparatus for measuring the velocity imparted by gunpowder.
Ac*cend" (#), v. t. [L.
accendere, accensum, to kindle; ad +
cand\'cbre to kindle (only in compounds); rel. to
cand\'c7re to be white, to gleam. See
Candle.] To set on fire; to kindle.
[Obs.]
Fotherby.
Ac*cend`i*bil"i*ty (#), n.
Capacity of being kindled, or of becoming inflamed;
inflammability.
Ac*cend"i*ble (#), a. Capable
of being inflamed or kindled; combustible; inflammable.
Ure.
Ac*cen"sion (#), n. The act of
kindling or the state of being kindled; ignition.
Locke.
Ac*cen"sor (#), n. [LL., from
p. p. accensus. See Accend.] (R.
C. Ch.) One of the functionaries who light and trim
the tapers.
Ac"cent` (#), n. [F.
accent, L. accentus; ad + cantus
a singing, canere to sing. See Cant.]
1. A superior force of voice or of articulative
effort upon some particular syllable of a word or a phrase,
distinguishing it from the others.
primary and the secondary; the primary
being uttered with a greater stress of voice than the secondary;
as in as\'b7pira\'b6tion, where
the chief stress is on the third syllable, and a slighter stress
on the first. Some words, as
an\'b7tiap\'b7o-plec\'b6tic,
in-com\'b7pre-hen\'b7si-bil\'b6i-ty, have two
secondary accents. See Guide to Pron., \'c5\'c5 30-46.
2. A mark or character used in writing, and serving
to regulate the pronunciation; esp.: (a) a mark to
indicate the nature and place of the spoken accent; (b)
a mark to indicate the quality of sound of the vowel marked;
as, the French accents.
acute accent
(\'b7) meant a raised tone or pitch, the grave
(`), the level tone or simply the negation of accent,
the circumflex ( ~ or ^) a tone raised and then
depressed. In works on elocution, the first is often used to
denote the rising inflection of the voice; the second, the
falling inflection; and the third (^), the compound or waving
inflection. In dictionaries, spelling books, and the like, the
acute accent is used to designate the syllable which receives the
chief stress of voice.
3. Modulation of the voice in speaking; manner of
speaking or pronouncing; peculiar or characteristic modification
of the voice; tone; as, a foreign accent; a French
or a German accent. \'bdBeguiled you in a
plain accent.\'b8 Shak. \'bdA perfect
accent.\'b8 Thackeray.
The tender accent of a woman's cry.
Prior.
4. A word; a significant tone; (pl.)
expressions in general; speech.
Winds! on your wings to Heaven her accents bear,
Such words as Heaven alone is fit to hear.
Dryden.
5. (Pros.) Stress laid on certain
syllables of a verse.
6. (Mus.) (a) A regularly
recurring stress upon the tone to mark the beginning, and, more
feebly, the third part of the measure. (b) A
special emphasis of a tone, even in the weaker part of the
measure. (c) The rythmical accent,
which marks phrases and sections of a period. (d)
The expressive emphasis and shading of a
passage.
J. S. Dwight.
7. (Math.) (a) A mark placed at
the right hand of a letter, and a little above it, to distinguish
magnitudes of a similar kind expressed by the same letter, but
differing in value, as y\'b7, y\'b7\'b7. (b)
(Trigon.) A mark at the right hand of a number,
indicating minutes of a degree, seconds, etc.; as,
12\'b727\'b7\'b7, i. e., twelve minutes twenty seven
seconds. (c) (Engin.) A mark used
to denote feet and inches; as, 6\'b7 10\'b7\'b7 is six feet
ten inches.
Ac*cent" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Accented; p.
pr. & vb. n. Accenting.] [OF.
accenter, F. accentuer.]
1. To express the accent of (either by the voice or
by a mark); to utter or to mark with accent.
2. To mark emphatically; to emphasize.
Ac"cent`less (#), a. Without
accent.
Ac*cen"tor (#), n. [L.
ad. + cantor singer, canere to
sing.] 1. (Mus.) One who sings the
leading part; the director or leader. [Obs.]
2. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of European birds
(so named from their sweet notes), including the hedge warbler.
In America sometimes applied to the water thrushes.
Ac*cen"tu*a*ble (#), a. Capable
of being accented.
Ac*cen"tu*al (#), a. Of or
pertaining to accent; characterized or formed by accent.
Ac*cen`tu*al"i*ty (#), n. The
quality of being accentual.
Ac*cen"tu*al*ly (#), adv. In an
accentual manner; in accordance with accent.
Ac*cen"tu*ate (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Accentuated
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Accentuating.] [LL.
accentuatus, p. p. of accentuare, fr. L.
accentus: cf. F. accentuer.]
1. To pronounce with an accent or with
accents.
2. To bring out distinctly; to make prominent; to
emphasize.
In Bosnia, the struggle between East and West was even more
accentuated.
London Times.
3. To mark with the written accent.
Ac*cen`tu*a"tion (#), n. [LL.
accentuatio: cf. F. accentuation.]
Act of accentuating; applications of accent.
Specifically (Eccles. Mus.), pitch or modulation
of the voice in reciting portions of the liturgy.
Ac*cept" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Accepted; p.
pr. & vb. n. Accepting.] [F.
accepter, L. acceptare, freq. of
accipere; ad + capere to take; akin to E.
heave.]
1. To receive with a consenting mind (something
offered); as, to accept a gift; -- often
followed by of.
If you accept them, then their worth is great.
Shak.
To accept of ransom for my son.
Milton.
She accepted of a treat.
Addison.
2. To receive with favor; to approve.
The Lord accept thy burnt sacrifice.
Ps. xx. 3.
Peradventure he will accept of me.
Gen. xxxii. 20.
3. To receive or admit and agree to; to assent to;
as, I accept your proposal, amendment, or
excuse.
4. To take by the mind; to understand; as, How are
these words to be accepted?
5. (Com.) To receive as obligatory and
promise to pay; as, to accept a bill of
exchange.
Bouvier.
6. In a deliberate body, to receive in acquittance
of a duty imposed; as, to accept the report of a
committee. [This makes it the property of the body, and the
question is then on its adoption.]
To accept a bill (Law), to agree
(on the part of the drawee) to pay it when due. -- To
accept service (Law), to agree that a writ
or process shall be considered as regularly served, when it has
not been. -- To accept the person
(Eccl.), to show favoritism. \'bdGod
accepteth no man's person.\'b8
Gal. ii. 6.
Syn. -- To receive; take; admit. See Receive.
Ac*cept", a. Accepted.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Ac*cept`a*bil"i*ty (#), n. [LL.
acceptabilitas.] The quality of being
acceptable; acceptableness. \'bdAcceptability of
repentance.\'b8
Jer. Taylor.
Ac*cept"a*ble (#), a. [F.
acceptable, L. acceptabilis, fr.
acceptare.] Capable, worthy, or sure of
being accepted or received with pleasure; pleasing to a receiver;
gratifying; agreeable; welcome; as, an acceptable
present, one acceptable to us.
Ac*cept"a*ble*ness (#), n. The
quality of being acceptable, or suitable to be favorably
received; acceptability.
Ac*cept"a*bly, adv. In an acceptable
manner; in a manner to please or give satisfaction.
Ac*cept"ance (#), n. 1.
The act of accepting; a receiving what is offered, with
approbation, satisfaction, or acquiescence; esp., favorable
reception; approval; as, the acceptance of a gift,
office, doctrine, etc.
They shall come up with acceptance on mine
altar.
Isa. lx. 7.
2. State of being accepted; acceptableness.
\'bdMakes it assured of acceptance.\'b8
Shak.
3. (Com.) (a) An assent and
engagement by the person on whom a bill of exchange is drawn, to
pay it when due according to the terms of the acceptance.
(b) The bill itself when accepted.
4. An agreeing to terms or proposals by which a
bargain is concluded and the parties are bound; the reception or
taking of a thing bought as that for which it was bought, or as
that agreed to be delivered, or the taking possession as
owner.
5. (Law) An agreeing to the action of
another, by some act which binds the person in law.
acceptance is often a question of great nicety and
difficulty.
Mozley & W.
<-- p. 11 -->
proposal and
acceptance are the constituent elements into which all
contracts are resolved.
Acceptance of a bill of exchange,
check, draft, order,
is an engagement to pay it according to the terms. This
engagement is usually made by writing the word \'bdaccepted\'b8
across the face of the bill. Acceptance of
goods, under the statute of frauds, is an intelligent
acceptance by a party knowing the nature of the
transaction.
6. Meaning; acceptation. [Obs.]
Acceptance of persons, partiality, favoritism.
See under Accept.
Ac*cept"an*cy (#), n.
Acceptance. [R.]
Here's a proof of gift,
But here's no proof, sir, of acceptancy.
Mrs. Browning.
Ac*cept"ant (#), a. Accepting;
receiving.
Ac*cept"ant, n. An accepter.
Chapman.
Ac`cep*ta"tion (#), n. 1.
Acceptance; reception; favorable reception or regard; state
of being acceptable. [Obs.]
This is saying worthy of all acceptation.
1 Tim. i. 15.
Some things . . . are notwithstanding of so great dignity and
acceptation with God.
Hooker.
2. The meaning in which a word or expression is
understood, or generally received; as, term is to be used
according to its usual acceptation.
My words, in common acceptation,
Could never give this provocation.
Gay.
Ac*cept"ed*ly (#), adv. In a
accepted manner; admittedly.
Ac*cept"er (#), n. 1.
A person who accepts; a taker.
2. A respecter; a viewer with partiality.
[Obs.]
God is no accepter of persons.
Chillingworth.
3. (Law) An acceptor.
Ac*cep`ti*la"tion (#), n. [L.
acceptilatio entry of a debt collected, acquittance,
fr. p. p. of accipere (cf. Accept) +
latio a carrying, fr. latus, p. p. of
ferre to carry: cf. F.
acceptilation.] (Civil Law)
Gratuitous discharge; a release from debt or obligation
without payment; free remission.
Ac*cep"tion (#), n. [L.
acceptio a receiving, accepting: cf. F.
acception.] Acceptation; the received
meaning. [Obs.]
Here the word \'bdbaron\'b8 is not to be taken in that
restrictive sense to which the modern acception hath
confined it.
Fuller.
Acception of persons or
faces (Eccl.), favoritism;
partiality. [Obs.]
Wyclif.
Ac*cept"ive (#), a. 1.
Fit for acceptance.
2. Ready to accept. [Obs.]
B. Jonson.
Ac*cept"or (#; 277), n.
[L.] One who accepts; specifically
(Law & Com.), one who accepts an order or a bill
of exchange; a drawee after he has accepted.
Ac*cess" (#; 277), n. [F.
acc\'8as, L. accessus, fr.
accedere. See Accede.] 1.
A coming to, or near approach; admittance; admission;
accessibility; as, to gain access to a
prince.
I did repel his letters, and denied
His access to me.
Shak.
2. The means, place, or way by which a thing may be
approached; passage way; as, the access is by a neck
of land. \'bdAll access was thronged.\'b8
Milton.
3. Admission to sexual intercourse.
During coverture, access of the husband shall be
presumed, unless the contrary be shown.
Blackstone.
4. Increase by something added; addition; as,
an access of territory. [In this sense
accession is more generally used.]
I, from the influence of thy looks, receive
Access in every virtue.
Milton.
5. An onset, attack, or fit of disease.
The first access looked like an apoplexy.
Burnet.
6. A paroxysm; a fit of passion; an outburst;
as, an access of fury. [A Gallicism]
Ac*ces"sa*ri*ly (#), adv. In
the manner of an accessary.
Ac*ces"sa*ri*ness, n. The state of being
accessary.
Ac*ces"sa*ry (#; 277), a.
Accompanying, as a subordinate; additional; accessory; esp.,
uniting in, or contributing to, a crime, but not as chief actor.
See Accessory.
To both their deaths thou shalt be accessary.
Shak.
Amongst many secondary and accessary causes that
support monarchy, these are not of least reckoning.
Milton.
Ac*ces"sa*ry (277), n.; pl.
Accessaries (#). [Cf.
Accessory and LL. accessarius.]
(Law) One who, not being present, contributes as
an assistant or instigator to the commission of an offense.
Accessary before the fact (Law),
one who commands or counsels an offense, not being present at
its commission. -- Accessary after the fact,
one who, after an offense, assists or shelters the offender,
not being present at the commission of the offense.
accessory by Blackstone and many others; but in this
sense is spelt accessary by Bouvier, Burrill, Burns,
Whishaw, Dane, and the Penny Cyclopedia; while in other senses it
is spelt accessory. In recent text-books on criminal
law the distinction is not preserved, the spelling being either
accessary or accessory.
Ac*cess`i*bil"i*ty (#), n. [L.
accessibilitas: cf. F.
accessibilit\'82.] The quality of being
accessible, or of admitting approach; receptibility.
Langhorne.
Ac*cess"i*ble (#), a. [L.
accessibilis, fr. accedere: cf. F.
accessible. See Accede.] 1.
Easy of access or approach; approachable; as, an
accessible town or mountain, an accessible
person.
2. Open to the influence of; -- with
to. \'bdMinds accessible to
reason.\'b8
Macaulay.
3. Obtainable; to be got at.
The best information . . . at present
accessible.
Macaulay.
Ac*cess"i*bly (#), adv. In an
accessible manner.
Ac*ces"sion (#), n. [L.
accessio, fr. accedere: cf. F.
accession. See Accede.] 1.
A coming to; the act of acceding and becoming joined;
as, a king's accession to a confederacy.
2. Increase by something added; that which is
added; augmentation from without; as, an accession
of wealth or territory.
The only accession which the Roman empire received
was the province of Britain.
Gibbon.
3. (Law) (a) A mode of
acquiring property, by which the owner of a corporeal substance
which receives an addition by growth, or by labor, has a right to
the part or thing added, or the improvement (provided the thing
is not changed into a different species). Thus, the owner of a
cow becomes the owner of her calf. (b) The
act by which one power becomes party to engagements already in
force between other powers.
Kent.
4. The act of coming to or reaching a throne, an
office, or dignity; as, the accession of the house
of Stuart; -- applied especially to the epoch of a new
dynasty.
5. (Med.) The invasion, approach, or
commencement of a disease; a fit or paroxysm.
Syn. -- Increase; addition; augmentation; enlargement.
Ac*ces"sion*al (#), a.
Pertaining to accession; additional. [R.]
Sir T. Browne.
Ac*ces"sive (#), a.
Additional.
Ac`ces*so"ri*al (#), a. Of or
pertaining to an accessory; as, accessorial agency,
accessorial guilt.
Ac*ces"so*ri*ly (#), adv. In
the manner of an accessory; auxiliary.
Ac*ces"so*ri*ness, n. The state of being
accessory, or connected subordinately.
Ac*ces"so*ry (#; 277), a. [L.
accessorius. See Access, and cf.
Accessary.] Accompanying as a subordinate;
aiding in a secondary way; additional; connected as an incident
or subordinate to a principal; contributing or contributory; said
of persons and things, and, when of persons, usually in a bad
sense; as, he was accessory to the riot;
accessory sounds in music.
first syllable.
Syn. -- Accompanying; contributory; auxiliary; subsidiary;
subservient; additional; acceding.
Ac*ces"so*ry, n.; pl.
Accessories (#). 1. That
which belongs to something else deemed the principal; something
additional and subordinate. \'bdThe aspect and
accessories of a den of banditti.\'b8
Carlyle.
2. (Law) Same as Accessary,
n.
3. (Fine Arts) Anything that enters into
a work of art without being indispensably necessary, as mere
ornamental parts.
Elmes.
Syn. -- Abettor; accomplice; ally; coadjutor. See
Abettor.
\'d8Ac*ciac`ca*tu"ra (#), n.
[It., from acciaccare to crush.]
(Mus.) A short grace note, one semitone below the
note to which it is prefixed; -- used especially in organ music.
Now used as equivalent to the short
appoggiatura.
Ac"ci*dence (#), n. [A
corruption of Eng. accidents, pl. of
accident. See Accident, 2.] 1.
The accidents, of inflections of words; the rudiments of
grammar.
Milton.
2. The rudiments of any subject.
Lowell.
Ac"ci*dent (#), n. [F.
accident, fr. L. accidens,
-dentis, p. pr. of accidere to happen;
ad + cadere to fall. See Cadence,
Case.] 1. Literally, a befalling; an
event that takes place without one's foresight or expectation; an
undesigned, sudden, and unexpected event; chance; contingency;
often, an undesigned and unforeseen occurrence of an afflictive
or unfortunate character; a casualty; a mishap; as, to die by
an accident.
Of moving accidents by flood and field.
Shak.
Thou cam'st not to thy place by accident:
It is the very place God meant for thee.
Trench.
2. (Gram.) A property attached to a
word, but not essential to it, as gender, number, case.
3. (Her.) A point or mark which may be
retained or omitted in a coat of arms.
4. (Log.) (a) A property or
quality of a thing which is not essential to it, as
whiteness in paper; an attribute. (b)
A quality or attribute in distinction from the substance, as
sweetness, softness.
5. Any accidental property, fact, or relation; an
accidental or nonessential; as, beauty is an
accident.
This accident, as I call it, of Athens being
situated some miles from the sea.
J. P. Mahaffy.
6. Unusual appearance or effect.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Accident, in Law, is
equivalent to casus, or such unforeseen,
extraordinary, extraneous interference as is out of the range of
ordinary calculation.
Ac`ci*den"tal (#), a. [Cf. F.
accidentel, earlier accidental.]
1. Happening by chance, or unexpectedly; taking
place not according to the usual course of things; casual;
fortuitous; as, an accidental visit.
2. Nonessential; not necessary belonging;
incidental; as, are accidental to a play.
Accidental chords (Mus.), those
which contain one or more tones foreign to their proper
harmony. -- Accidental colors (Opt.),
colors depending on the hypersensibility of the retina of the
eye for complementary colors. They are purely subjective
sensations of color which often result from the contemplation of
actually colored bodies. -- Accidental point
(Persp.), the point in which a right line, drawn
from the eye, parallel to a given right line, cuts the
perspective plane; so called to distinguish it from the principal
point, or point of view, where a line drawn from the eye
perpendicular to the perspective plane meets this plane. --
Accidental lights (Paint.), secondary
lights; effects of light other than ordinary daylight, such as
the rays of the sun darting through a cloud, or between the
leaves of trees; the effect of moonlight, candlelight, or burning
bodies.
Fairholt.
Syn. -- Casual; fortuitous; contingent; occasional;
adventitious. -- Accidental,
Incidental, Casual, Fortuitous,
Contingent. We speak of a thing as accidental
when it falls out as by chance, and not in the regular course of
things; as, an accidental meeting, an
accidental advantage, etc. We call a thing
incidental when it falls, as it were, into
some regular course of things, but is secondary, and forms no
essential part thereof; as, an incremental remark,
an incidental evil, an incidental benefit.
We speak of a thing as casual, when it falls out or
happens, as it were, by mere chance, without being prearranged or
premeditated; as, a casual remark or encounter; a
casual observer. An idea of the unimportant is
attached to what is casual. Fortuitous is
applied to what occurs without any known cause, and in opposition
to what has been foreseen; as, a fortuitous
concourse of atoms. We call a thing contingent
when it is such that, considered in itself, it may or may not
happen, but is dependent for its existence on something else;
as, the time of my coming will be contingent on
intelligence yet to be received.
Ac`ci*den"tal (#), n. 1.
A property which is not essential; a nonessential; anything
happening accidentally.
He conceived it just that accidentals . . . should
sink with the substance of the accusation.
Fuller.
2. pl. (Paint.) Those
fortuitous effects produced by luminous rays falling on certain
objects so that some parts stand forth in abnormal brightness and
other parts are cast into a deep shadow.
3. (Mus.) A sharp, flat, or natural,
occurring not at the commencement of a piece of music as the
signature, but before a particular note.
Ac`ci*den"tal*ism (#), n.
Accidental character or effect.
Ruskin.
Ac`ci*den*tal"i*ty (#), n. The
quality of being accidental; accidentalness.
[R.]
Coleridge.
Ac`ci*den"tal*ly (#), adv. In
an accidental manner; unexpectedly; by chance; unintentionally;
casually; fortuitously; not essentially.
Ac`ci*den"tal*ness, n. The quality of
being accidental; casualness.
Ac"ci*die (#), n. [OF.
accide, accidie, LL. accidia,
acedia, fr. Gr. /; / priv. + / care.]
Sloth; torpor. [Obs.] \'bdThe sin of
accidie.\'b8
Chaucer.
Ac`ci*pen"ser (#), n. See
Acipenser.
Ac*cip"i*ent (#), n. [L.
accipiens, p. pr. of accipere. See
Accept.] A receiver. [R.]
Bailey
\'d8Ac*cip"i*ter (#), n.; pl.
E. Accipiters (#). L. Accipitres
(#). [L., hawk.] 1.
(Zo\'94l.) A genus of rapacious birds; one of the
Accipitres or Raptores.
2. (Surg.) A bandage applied over the
nose, resembling the claw of a hawk.
Ac*cip"i*tral (#), n.
Pertaining to, or of the nature of, a falcon or hawk;
hawklike.
Lowell.
\'d8Ac*cip"i*tres (#), n. pl.
[L., hawks.] (Zo\'94l.) The order that
includes rapacious birds. They have a hooked bill, and sharp,
strongly curved talons. There are three families, represented by
the vultures, the falcons or hawks, and the owls.
Ac*cip"i*trine (#; 277), a.
[Cf. F. accipitrin.] (Zo\'94l.)
Like or belonging to the Accipitres; raptorial;
hawklike.
\'d8Ac*cis"mus (#), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. /.] (Rhet.) Affected refusal;
coyness.
Ac*cite" (#), v. t. [L.
accitus, p. p. of accire,
accere, to call for; ad + ciere to move,
call. See Cite.] To cite; to summon.
[Obs.]
Our heralds now accited all that were
Endamaged by the Elians.
Chapman.
Ac*claim" (#), v. t. [L.
acclamare; ad + clamare to cry out. See
Claim, Clamor.] [R.]
1. To applaud. \'bdA glad
acclaiming train.\'b8
Thomson.
2. To declare by acclamations.
While the shouting crowd
Acclaims thee king of traitors.
Smollett.
3. To shout; as, to acclaim my
joy.
Ac*claim", v. i. To shout
applause.
Ac*claim", n. Acclamation.
[Poetic]
Milton.
Ac*claim"er (#), n. One who
acclaims.
Ac`cla*ma"tion (#), n. [L.
acclamatio: cf. F. acclamation.]
1. A shout of approbation, favor, or assent; eager
expression of approval; loud applause.
On such a day, a holiday having been voted by
acclamation, an ordinary walk would not satisfy the
children.
Southey.
2. (Antiq.) A representation, in
sculpture or on medals, of people expressing joy.
Acclamation medals are those on which
laudatory acclamations are recorded.
Elmes.
Ac*clam"a*to*ry (#), a.
Pertaining to, or expressing approval by, acclamation.
Ac*cli"ma*ta*ble (#), a.
Capable of being acclimated.
Ac*cli`ma*ta"tion (#), n. [Cf.
F. acclimation. See Acclimate.]
Acclimatization.
Ac*cli"mate (#; 277), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Acclimated
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Acclimating.] [F.
acclimater; \'85 (l. ad) +
climat climate. See Climate.] To
habituate to a climate not native; to acclimatize.
J. H. Newman.
Ac*cli"mate*ment (#), n.
Acclimation. [R.]
Ac`cli*ma"tion (#), n. The
process of becoming, or the state of being, acclimated, or
habituated to a new climate; acclimatization.
Ac*cli"ma*ti`za*ble (#), a.
Capable of being acclimatized.
<-- p. 12 -->
Ac*cli"ma*ti*za"tion (#), n.
The act of acclimatizing; the process of inuring to a new
climate, or the state of being so inured.
Darwin.
Ac*cli"ma*tize (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Acclimatized
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Acclimatizing
(#).] To inure or habituate to a
climate different from that which is natural; to adapt to the
peculiarities of a foreign or strange climate; said of man, the
inferior animals, or plants.
Ac*cli"ma*ture (#; 135), n. The
act of acclimating, or the state of being acclimated.
[R.]
Caldwell.
Ac*clive" (#), a.
Acclivous. [Obs.]
Ac*cliff"i*tous (#), a.
Acclivous.
I. Taylor.
Ac*cliv"i*ty, n.; pl.
Acclivities (#). [L.
acclivitas, fr. acclivis,
acclivus, ascending; ad + clivus
a hill, slope, fr. root kli to lean. See
Lean.] A slope or inclination of the earth,
as the side of a hill, considered as ascending, in
opposition to declivity, or descending; an
upward slope; ascent.
Ac*cli"vous (#; 277), a. [L.
acclivis and acclivus.] Sloping
upward; rising as a hillside; -- opposed to
declivous.
Ac*cloy" (#), v. t. [OF.
encloyer, encloer, F. enclouer,
to drive in a nail, fr. L. in + clavus nail.]
To fill to satiety; to stuff full; to clog; to overload; to
burden. See Cloy. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Ac*coast" (#), v. t. & i. [See
Accost, Coast.] To lie or sail along
the coast or side of; to accost. [Obs.]
Whether high towering or accosting low.
Spenser.
Ac*coil" (#), v. t. [OE.
acoillir to receive, F. accueillir; L.
ad + colligere to collect. See Coil.]
1. To gather together; to collect.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
2. (Naut.) To coil together.
Ham. Nav. Encyc.
Ac`co*lade" (#; 277), n. [F.
accolade, It. accolata, fr.
accollare to embrace; L. ad + collum
neck.] 1. A ceremony formerly used in
conferring knighthood, consisting am embrace, and a slight blow
on the shoulders with the flat blade of a sword.
2. (Mus.) A brace used to join two or
more staves.
Ac*com*bi*na"tion (#), n. [L.
ad + E. combination.] A
combining together. [R.]
Ac*com"mo*da*ble (#), a. [Cf.
F. accommodable.] That may be accommodated,
fitted, or made to agree. [R.]
I. Watts.
Ac*com"mo*dable*ness, n. The quality or
condition of being accommodable. [R.]
Todd.
Ac*com"mo*date (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Accommodated
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Accommodating
(#).] [L. accommodatus, p.
p. of accommodare; ad + commodare to make
fit, help; con- + modus measure,
proportion. See Mode.] 1. To render
fit, suitable, or correspondent; to adapt; to conform; as, to
accommodate ourselves to circumstances.
\'bdThey accomodate their counsels to his
inclination.\'b8
Addison.
2. To bring into agreement or harmony; to
reconcile; to compose; to adjust; to settle; as, to
accommodate differences, a dispute, etc.
3. To furnish with something desired, needed, or
convenient; to favor; to oblige; as, to accommodate
a friend with a loan or with lodgings.
4. To show the correspondence of; to apply or make
suit by analogy; to adapt or fit, as teachings to accidental
circumstances, statements to facts, etc.; as, to
accommodate prophecy to events.
Syn. -- To suit; adapt; conform; adjust; arrange.
Ac*com"mo*date, v. i. To adapt one's
self; to be conformable or adapted. [R.]
Boyle.
Ac*com"mo*date (#), a. [L.
accommodatus, p.p. of accommodare.]
Suitable; fit; adapted; as, means accommodate
to end. [Archaic]
Tillotson.
Ac*com"mo*date*ly, adv. Suitably;
fitly. [R.]
Ac*com"mo*date*ness, n. Fitness.
[R.]
Ac*com"mo*da`ting (#), a.
Affording, or disposed to afford, accommodation; obliging;
as an accommodating man, spirit, arrangement.
Ac*com`mo*da"tion (#), n. [L.
accommodatio, fr. accommodare: cf. F.
accommodation.]
1. The act of fitting or adapting, or the state of
being fitted or adapted; adaptation; adjustment; -- followed by
to. \'bdThe organization of the body with
accommodation to its functions.\'b8
Sir M. Hale.
2. Willingness to accommodate; obligingness.
3. Whatever supplies a want or affords ease,
refreshment, or convenience; anything furnished which is desired
or needful; -- often in the plural; as, the
accomodations -- that is, lodgings and food -- at an
inn.
Sir W. Scott.
4. An adjustment of differences; state of
agreement; reconciliation; settlement. \'bdTo come to terms
of accommodation.\'b8
Macaulay.
5. The application of a writer's language, on the
ground of analogy, to something not originally referred to or
intended.
Many of those quotations from the Old Testament were probably
intended as nothing more than accommodations.
Paley.
6. (Com.) (a) A loan of
money. (b) An accommodation bill or
note.
Accommodation bill, or
note (Com.), a bill of exchange
which a person accepts, or a note which a person makes and
delivers to another, not upon a consideration received, but for
the purpose of raising money on credit. --
Accommodation coach, or train,
one running at moderate speed and stopping at all or nearly
all stations. -- Accommodation ladder
(Naut.), a light ladder hung over the side of a
ship at the gangway, useful in ascending from, or descending to,
small boats.
Ac*com"mo*da`tor (#), n. He
who, or that which, accommodates.
Warburton.
Ac*com"pa*na*ble (#), a.
Sociable. [Obs.]
Sir P. Sidney.
Ac*com"pa*ni*er (#), n. He who,
or that which, accompanies.
Lamb.
Ac*com"pa*ni*ment (#), n. [F.
accompagnement.] That which accompanies;
something that attends as a circumstance, or which is added to
give greater completeness to the principal thing, or by way of
ornament, or for the sake of symmetry. Specifically:
(Mus.) A part performed by instruments,
accompanying another part or parts performed by voices; the
subordinate part, or parts, accompanying the voice or a principal
instrument; also, the harmony of a figured bass.
P. Cyc.
Ac*com"pa*nist (#), n. The
performer in music who takes the accompanying part.
Busby.
Ac*com"pa*ny (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Accompanied
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Accompanying
(#)] [OF. aacompaignier, F.
accompagner, to associate with, fr. OF.
compaign, compain, companion. See
Company.] 1. To go with or attend as
a companion or associate; to keep company with; to go along with;
-- followed by with or by; as, he
accompanied his speech with a bow.
The Persian dames, . . .
In sumptuous cars, accompanied his march.
Glover.
They are never alone that are accompanied with
noble thoughts.
Sir P. Sidney.
He was accompanied by two carts filled with wounded
rebels.
Macaulay.
2. To cohabit with. [Obs.]
Sir T. Herbert.
Syn. -- To attend; escort; go with. -- To
Accompany, Attend, Escort. We
accompany those with whom we go as companions. The
word imports an equality of station. We
attend those whom we wait upon or follow. The word
conveys an idea of subordination. We escort
those whom we attend with a view to guard and protect. A
gentleman accompanies a friend to some public place;
he attends or escorts a lady.
Ac*com"pa*ny, v. i. 1. To
associate in a company; to keep company.
[Obs.]
Bacon.
Men say that they will drive away one another, . . . and not
accompany together.
Holland.
2. To cohabit (with). [Obs.]
Milton.
3. (Mus.) To perform an accompanying
part or parts in a composition.
Ac*com"ple*tive (#), a. [L.
ad + complere, completum, to fill
up.] Tending to accomplish. [R.]
Ac*com"plice (#), n. [Ac-
(perh. for the article a or for L. ad) + E. complice. See
Complice.]
1. A cooperator. [R.]
Success unto our valiant general,
And happiness to his accomplices!
Shak.
2. (Law) An associate in the commission
of a crime; a participator in an offense, whether a principal or
an accessory. \'bdAnd thou, the cursed
accomplice of his treason.\'b8 Johnson.
It is followed by with or of before a
person and by in (or sometimes of) before
the crime; as, A was an accomplice with B in the
murder of C. Dryden uses it with to before a
thing. \'bdSuspected for accomplice to the fire.\'b8
Dryden.
Syn. -- Abettor; accessory; assistant; associate;
confederate; coadjutor; ally; promoter. See
Abettor.
Ac*com"plice*ship (#), n. The
state of being an accomplice. [R.]
Sir H. Taylor.
Ac`com*plic"i*ty (#), n. The
act or state of being an accomplice. [R.]
Ac*com"plish (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Accomplished
(#), p. pr. & vb. n.
Accomplishing.] [OE.
acomplissen, OF. accomplir, F.
accomplir; L. ad + complere to fill up,
complete. See Complete, Finish.]
1. To complete, as time or distance.
That He would accomplish seventy years in the
desolations of Jerusalem.
Dan. ix. 2.
He had accomplished half a league or more.
Prescott.
2. To bring to an issue of full success; to effect;
to perform; to execute fully; to fulfill; as, to
accomplish a design, an object, a promise.
This that is written must yet be accomplished in
me.
Luke xxii. 37.
3. To equip or furnish thoroughly; hence, to
complete in acquirements; to render accomplished; to
polish.
The armorers accomplishing the knights.
Shak.
It [the moon] is fully accomplished for all those
ends to which Providence did appoint it.
Wilkins.
These qualities . . . go to accomplish a perfect
woman.
Cowden Clarke.
4. To gain; to obtain. [Obs.]
Shak.
Syn. -- To do; perform; fulfill; realize; effect;
effectuate; complete; consummate; execute; achieve; perfect;
equip; furnish. -- To Accomplish,
Effect, Execute, Achieve,
Perform. These words agree in the general idea of
carrying out to some end proposed. To accomplish (to
fill up to the measure of the intention) generally implies
perseverance and skill; as, to accomplish a plan
proposed by one's self, an object, a design, an undertaking.
\'bdThou shalt accomplish my desire.\'b8
1 Kings v. 9.
He . . . expressed his desire to see a union
accomplished between England and Scotland.
Macaulay.
To effect (to work out) is much like
accomplish. It usually implies some degree of
difficulty contended with; as, he effected or
accomplished what he intended, his purpose, but
little. \'bdWhat he decreed, he effected.\'b8
Milton.
To work in close design by fraud or guile
What force effected not.
Milton.
To execute (to follow out to the end, to carry out, or
into effect) implies a set mode of operation; as, to
execute the laws or the orders of another; to
execute a work, a purpose, design, plan, project. To
perform is much like to do, though less
generally applied. It conveys a notion of protracted and
methodical effort; as, to perform a mission, a part, a
task, a work. \'bdThou canst best perform that
office.\'b8
Milton.
The Saints, like stars, around his seat
Perform their courses still.
Keble.
To achieve (to come to the end or arrive at one's
purpose) usually implies some enterprise or undertaking of
importance, difficulty, and excellence.
Ac*com"plish*a*ble (#), a.
Capable of being accomplished; practicable.
Carlyle.
Ac*com"plished (#), a. 1.
Completed; effected; established; as, an
accomplished fact.
2. Complete in acquirements as the result usually
of training; -- commonly in a good sense; as, an
accomplished scholar, an accomplished
villain.
They . . . show themselves accomplished bees.
Holland.
Daughter of God and man, accomplished Eve.
Milton.
Ac*com"plish*er (#), n. One who
accomplishes.
Ac*com"plish*ment (#), n. [F.
accomplissement, fr. accomplir.]
1. The act of accomplishing; entire performance;
completion; fulfillment; as, the accomplishment of
an enterprise, of a prophecy, etc.
2. That which completes, perfects, or equips
thoroughly; acquirement; attainment; that which constitutes
excellence of mind, or elegance of manners, acquired by education
or training. \'bdMy new accomplishment of
dancing.\'b8 Churchill. \'bdAccomplishments
befitting a station.\'b8 Thackeray.
Accomplishments have taken virtue's place,
And wisdom falls before exterior grace.
Cowper.
Ac*compt" (#; formerly #),
n. See Account.
Accompt, accomptant, etc., are
archaic forms.
Ac*compt"a*ble (#), a. See
Accountable.
Ac*compt"ant (#), n. See
Accountant.
Ac*cord" (#), n. [OE.
acord, accord, OF. acort,
acorde, F. accord, fr. OF.
acorder, F. accorder. See Accord,
v. t.] 1. Agreement or concurrence
of opinion, will, or action; harmony of mind; consent;
assent.
A mediator of an accord and peace between them.
Bacon.
These all continued with one accord in prayer.
Acts i. 14.
2. Harmony of sounds; agreement in pitch and tone;
concord; as, the accord of tones.
Those sweet accords are even the angels' lays.
Sir J. Davies.
3. Agreement, harmony, or just correspondence of
things; as, the accord of light and shade in
painting.
4. Voluntary or spontaneous motion or impulse to
act; -- preceded by own; as, of one's own
accord.
That which groweth of its own accord of thy harvest
thou shalt not reap.
Lev. xxv. 5.
Of his own accord he went unto you.
2 Cor. vii. 17.
5. (Law) An agreement between parties in
controversy, by which satisfaction for an injury is stipulated,
and which, when executed, bars a suit.
Blackstone.
With one accord, with unanimity.
They rushed with one accord into the theater.
Acts xix. 29.
Ac*cord", v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Accorded; p. pr. & vb. n.
According.] [OE. acorden,
accorden, OF. acorder, F.
accorder, fr. LL. accordare; L. ad +
cor, cordis, heart. Cf. Concord,
Discord, and see Heart.] 1.
To make to agree or correspond; to suit one thing to
another; to adjust; -- followed by to.
[R.]
Her hands accorded the lute's music to the
voice.
Sidney.
2. To bring to an agreement, as persons; to
reconcile; to settle, adjust, harmonize, or compose, as things;
as, to accord suits or controversies.
When they were accorded from the fray.
Spenser.
All which particulars, being confessedly knotty and difficult
can never be accorded but by a competent stock of
critical learning.
South.
3. To grant as suitable or proper; to concede; to
award; as, to accord to one due praise.
\'bdAccording his desire.\'b8
Spenser.
Ac*cord", v. i. 1. To agree; to
correspond; to be in harmony; -- followed by with,
formerly also by to; as, his disposition
accords with his looks.
My heart accordeth with my tongue.
Shak.
Thy actions to thy words accord.
Milton.
2. To agree in pitch and tone.
Ac*cord"a*ble (#), a. [OF.
acordable, F. accordable.]
1. Agreeing. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
2. Reconcilable; in accordance.
Ac*cord"ance (#), n. [OF.
acordance.] Agreement; harmony;
conformity. \'bdIn strict accordance with the
law.\'b8
Macaulay.
Syn. -- Harmony; unison; coincidence.
Ac*cord"an*cy (#), n.
Accordance. [R.]
Paley.
Ac*cord"ant (#), a. [OF.
acordant, F. accordant.]
Agreeing; consonant; harmonious; corresponding; conformable;
-- followed by with or to.
Strictly accordant with true morality.
Darwin.
And now his voice accordant to the string.
Coldsmith.
Ac*cord"ant*ly, adv. In accordance or
agreement; agreeably; conformably; -- followed by with
or to.
Ac*cord"er (#), n. One who
accords, assents, or concedes. [R.]
Ac*cord"ing, p. a. Agreeing; in
agreement or harmony; harmonious. \'bdThis
according voice of national wisdom.\'b8
Burke. \'bdMind and soul according well.\'b8
Tennyson.
According to him, every person was to be
bought.
Macaulay.
Our zeal should be according to knowledge.
Sprat.
According to has been called a
prepositional phrase, but strictly speaking, according
is a participle in the sense of agreeing,
acceding, and to alone is the
preposition.
According as, precisely as; the same as;
corresponding to the way in which. According as is an
adverbial phrase, of which the propriety has been doubted; but
good usage sanctions it. See According,
adv.
Is all things well,
According as I gave directions?
Shak.
The land which the Lord will give you according as
he hath promised.
Ex. xii. 25.
p. 13
Ac*cord"ing (#), adv.
Accordingly; correspondingly. [Obs.]
Shak.
Ac*cord"ing*ly, adv. 1.
Agreeably; correspondingly; suitably; in a manner
conformable.
Behold, and so proceed accordingly.
Shak.
2. In natural sequence; consequently; so.
Syn. -- Consequently; therefore; wherefore; hence; so.
-- Accordingly, Consequently, indicate
a connection between two things, the latter of which is done on
account of the former. Accordingly marks the
connection as one of simple accordance or congruity, leading
naturally to the result which followed; as, he was absent when I
called, and I accordingly left my card; our
preparations were all finished, and we accordingly set
sail. Consequently all finished, and we
accordingly set sail. Consequently marks a
closer connection, that of logical or causal sequence; as, the
papers were not ready, and consequently could not be
signed.
Ac*cor"di*on (#), n. [See
Accord.] (Mus.) A small, portable,
keyed wind instrument, whose tones are generated by play of the
wind upon free metallic reeds.
Ac*cor"di*on*ist, n. A player on the
accordion.
Ac*cord"ment (#), n. [OF.
acordement. See Accord, v.]
Agreement; reconcilement. [Obs.]
Gower.
Ac*cor"po*rate (#), v. t. [L.
accorporare; ad + corpus,
corporis, body.] To unite; to attach; to
incorporate. [Obs.]
Milton.
Ac*cost" (#; 115), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Accosted; p.
pr. & vb. n. Accosting.] [F.
accoster, LL. accostare to bring side by
side; L. ad + costa rib, side. See Coast, and
cf. Accoast.] 1. To join side to
side; to border; hence, to sail along the coast or side of.
[Obs.] \'bdSo much [of Lapland] as
accosts the sea.\'b8
Fuller.
2. To approach; to make up to.
[Archaic]
Shak.
3. To speak to first; to address; to greet.
\'bdHim, Satan thus accosts.\'b8
Milton.
Ac*cost", v. i. To adjoin; to lie
alongside. [Obs.] \'bdThe shores which to the
sea accost.\'b8
Spenser.
Ac*cost", n. Address; greeting.
[R.]
J. Morley.
Ac*cost"a*ble (#), a. [Cf. F.
accostable.] Approachable; affable.
[R.]
Hawthorne.
Ac*cost"ed, a. (Her.)
Supported on both sides by other charges; also, side by
side.
\'d8Ac*couche"ment (#; 277), n.
[F., fr. accoucher to be delivered of a child, to
aid in delivery, OF. acouchier orig. to lay down, put
to bed, go to bed; L. ad + collocare to lay, put,
place. See Collate.] Delivery in
childbed
\'d8Ac*cou*cheur" (#), n. [F.,
fr. accoucher. See Accouchement.]
A man who assists women in childbirth; a man midwife; an
obstetrician.
\'d8Ac*cou*cheuse" (#), n.
[F.., fem. of accoucher.] A
midwife. [Recent]
Dunglison.
Ac*count" (#), n. [OE.
acount, account, accompt, OF.
acont, fr. aconter. See Account,
v. t., Count, n., 1.]
1. A reckoning; computation; calculation;
enumeration; a record of some reckoning; as, the Julian
account of time.
A beggarly account of empty boxes.
Shak.
2. A registry of pecuniary transactions; a written
or printed statement of business dealings or debts and credits,
and also of other things subjected to a reckoning or review;
as, to keep one's account at the bank.
3. A statement in general of reasons, causes,
grounds, etc., explanatory of some event; as, no satisfactory
account has been given of these phenomena. Hence,
the word is often used simply for reason,
ground, consideration, motive,
etc.; as, on no account, on every account,
on all accounts.
4. A statement of facts or occurrences; recital of
transactions; a relation or narrative; a report; a description;
as, an account of a battle. \'bdA
laudable account of the city of London.\'b8
Howell.
5. A statement and explanation or vindication of
one's conduct with reference to judgment thereon.
Give an account of thy stewardship.
Luke xvi. 2.
6. An estimate or estimation; valuation;
judgment. \'bdTo stand high in your account.\'b8
Shak.
7. Importance; worth; value; advantage;
profit. \'bdMen of account.\'b8 Pope.
\'bdTo turn to account.\'b8 Shak.
Account current, a running or continued
account between two or more parties, or a statement of the
particulars of such an account. -- In account
with, in a relation requiring an account to be
kept. -- On account of, for the sake of; by
reason of; because of. -- On one's own account,
for one's own interest or behalf. -- To make
account, to have an opinion or expectation; to
reckon. [Obs.]
s other part . . . makes account to find no slender
arguments for this assertion out of those very scriptures which
are commonly urged against it.
Milton.
-- To make account of, to hold in estimation; to
esteem; as, he makes small account of
beauty. -- To take account of, or
to take into account, to take into
consideration; to notice. \'bdOf their doings,
God takes no account.\'b8
Milton. -- A writ of account
(Law), a writ which the plaintiff brings demanding
that the defendant shall render his just account, or show good
cause to the contrary; -- called also an action of
account. Cowell.
Syn. -- Narrative; narration; relation; recital;
description; explanation; rehearsal. --
Account, Narrative, Narration,
Recital. These words are applied to different modes of
rehearsing a series of events. Account turns attention
not so much to the speaker as to the fact related, and more
properly applies to the report of some single event, or a group
of incidents taken as whole; as, an account of a
battle, of a shipwreck, etc. A narrative is a
continuous story of connected incidents, such as one friend might
tell to another; as, a narrative of the events of a
siege, a narrative of one's life, etc.
Narration is usually the same as narrative,
but is sometimes used to describe the mode of relating
events; as, his powers of narration are uncommonly
great. Recital denotes a series of events drawn out
into minute particulars, usually expressing something which
peculiarly interests the feelings of the speaker; as, the
recital of one's wrongs, disappointments, sufferings,
etc.
1. To reckon; to compute; to count.
[Obs.]
The motion of . . . the sun whereby years are
accounted.
Sir T. Browne.
2. To place to one's account; to put to the credit
of; to assign; -- with to. [R.]
Clarendon.
3. To value, estimate, or hold in opinion; to judge
or consider; to deem.
Accounting that God was able to raise him up.
Heb. xi. 19.
4. To recount; to relate. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Ac*count", v. i. 1. To render
or receive an account or relation of particulars; as, an
officer must account with or to the treasurer for money
received.
2. To render an account; to answer in judgment; --
with for; as, we must account for the use
of our opportunities.
3. To give a satisfactory reason; to tell the cause
of; to explain; -- with for; as, idleness
accounts for poverty.
To account of, to esteem; to prize; to value.
Now used only in the passive. \'bdI account of her
beauty.\'b8
Shak.
Newer was preaching more accounted of than in the
sixteenth century.
Canon Robinson.
Ac*count"a*bil`a*bil"i*ty (#), n.
The state of being accountable; liability to be called on to
render an account; accountableness. \'bdThe awful idea of
accountability.\'b8
R. Hall.
Ac*count"a*ble (#), a. 1.
Liable to be called on to render an account; answerable;
as, every man is accountable to God for his
conduct.
2. Capable of being accounted for;
explicable. [R.]
True religion . . . intelligible, rational, and
accountable, -- not a burden but a privilege.
B. Whichcote.
Syn. -- Amenable; responsible; liable; answerable.
Ac*count"a*ble ness, n. The quality or
state of being accountable; accountability.
Ac*count"a*bly, adv. In an accountable
manner.
Ac*count"an*cy (#), n. The art
or employment of an accountant.
Ac*count"ant (#), n. [Cf. F.
accomptant, OF. acontant, p. pr.]
1. One who renders account; one accountable.
2. A reckoner.
3. One who is skilled in, keeps, or adjusts,
accounts; an officer in a public office, who has charge of the
accounts.
Accountatn general, the head or superintending
accountant in certain public offices. Also, formerly, an officer
in the English court of chancery who received the moneys paid
into the court, and deposited them in the Bank of
England.
Ac*count"ant, a. Accountable.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Ac*count"ant*ship (#), n.
[Accountant + -ship.] The
office or employment of an accountant.
Ac*count" book` (#). A book in which
accounts are kept.
Swift.
Ac*cou"ple (#), v. t. [OF.
acopler, F. accoupler. See
Couple.] To join; to couple.
[R.]
The Englishmen accoupled themselves with the
Frenchmen.
Hall.
Ac*cou"ple*ment (#), n. [Cf. F.
accouplement.] 1. The act of
coupling, or the state of being coupled; union.
[R.]
Caxton.
2. That which couples, as a tie or brace.
[R.]
Ac*cour"age (#), v. t. [OF.
acoragier; \'85 (L. ad) +
corage. See Courage.] To
encourage. [Obs.]
Ac*court" (#), v. t.
[Ac-, for L. ad. See
Court.] To treat courteously; to court.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
{ Ac*cou"ter, Ac*cou"tre }
(#), v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Accoutered or Accoutred (#);
p. pr. & vb. n. Accoutering or
Accoutring.] [F. accouter,
OF. accoutrer, accoustrer; \'85
(L. ad) + perh. LL. custor, for
custos guardian, sacristan (cf. Custody), or
perh. akin to E. guilt.] To furnish with
dress, or equipments, esp. those for military service; to equip;
to attire; to array.
Bot accoutered like young men.
Shak.
For this, in rags accoutered are they seen.
Dryden.
Accoutered with his burden and his staff.
Wordsworth.
{ Ac*cou"ter*ments, Ac*cou"tre*ments
} (#), n. pl. [F.
accoutrement, earlier also accoustrement,
earlier also accoustrement. See
Accouter.] Dress; trappings; equipment;
specifically, the devices and equipments worn by soldiers.
How gay with all the accouterments of war!
Ac*coy" (#), v. t. [OF.
acoyer; ac-, for L. ad. See
Coy.] 1. To render quiet; to
soothe. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
2. To subdue; to tame; to daunt.
[Obs.]
Then is your careless courage accoyed.
Spenser.
Ac*cred"it (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Accredited; p.
pr. & vb. n. Accrediting.] [F.
accr\'82diter; \'85 (L. ad) +
cr\'82dit credit. See Credit.] 1. To
put or bring into credit; to invest with credit or authority; to
sanction.
His censure will . . . accredit his praises.
Cowper.
These reasons . . . which accredit and fortify mine
opinion.
Shelton.
2. To send with letters credential, as an
ambassador, envoy, or diplomatic agent; to authorize, as a
messenger or delegate.
Beton . . . was accredited to the Court of
France.
Froude.
3. To believe; to credit; to put trust in.
The version of early Roman history which was
accredited in the fifth century.
Sir G. C. Lewis.
He accredited and repeated stories of apparitions
and witchcraft.
Southey.
4. To credit; to vouch for or consider (some one)
as doing something, or (something) as belonging to some
one.
To accredit (one) with
(something), to attribute something to him; as,
Mr. Clay was accredited with these views; they
accredit him with a wise saying.
Ac*cred`i*ta"tion (#), n. The
act of accrediting; as, letters of
accreditation.
Ac`cre*men*ti"tial (#), a.
(Physiol.) Pertaining to accremention.
Ac`cre*men*ti"tion (#), n. [See
Accresce, Increment.]
(Physiol.) The process of generation by
development of blastema, or fission of cells, in which the new
formation is in all respect like the individual from which it
proceeds.
Ac*cresce" (#), v. i. [L.
accrescere. See Accrue.] 1.
To accrue. [R.]
2. To increase; to grow. [Obs.]
Gillespie.
Ac*cres"cence (#), n. [LL.
accrescentia.] Continuous growth; an
accretion. [R.]
The silent accrescence of belief from the unwatched
depositions of a general, never contradicted hearsy.
Coleridge.
Ac*cres"cent (#), a. [L.
accrescens, -entis, p. pr. of
accrescere; ad + crescere to grow. See
Crescent.]
1. Growing; increasing.
Shuckford.
2. (Bot.) Growing larger after
flowering.
Gray.
Ac*crete" (#), v. i. [From L.
accretus, p. p. of accrescere to
increase.] 1. To grow together.
2. To adhere; to grow (to); to be added; -- with
to.
Ac*crete", v. t. To make adhere; to
add.
Earle.
Ac*crete", a. 1. Characterized
by accretion; made up; as, accrete
matter.
2. (Bot.) Grown together.
Gray.
Ac*cre"tion (#), n. [L.
accretio, fr. accrescere to increase. Cf.
Crescent, Increase, Accrue.]
1. The act of increasing by natural growth; esp.
the increase of organic bodies by the internal accession of
parts; organic growth.
Arbuthnot.
2. The act of increasing, or the matter added, by
an accession of parts externally; an extraneous addition; as,
an accretion of earth.
A mineral . . . augments not by grown, but by
accretion.
Owen.
To strip off all the subordinate parts of his as a later
accretion.
Sir G. C. Lewis.
3. Concretion; coherence of separate particles;
as, the accretion of particles so as to form a solid
mass.
4. A growing together of parts naturally separate,
as of the fingers toes.
Dana.
5. (Law) (a) The adhering of
property to something else, by which the owner of one thing
becomes possessed of a right to another; generally, gain of land
by the washing up of sand or sail from the sea or a river, or by
a gradual recession of the water from the usual watermark.
(b) Gain to an heir or legatee, failure of a coheir
to the same succession, or a co-legatee of the same thing, to
take his share.
Wharton. Kent.
Ac*cre"tive (#), a. Relating to
accretion; increasing, or adding to, by growth.
Glanvill.
Ac*crim"i*nate (#), v. t. [L.
ac- (for ad to) +
criminari.] To accuse of a crime.
[Obs.] -- Ac*crim`i*na"tion
(#), n. [Obs.]
Ac*croach" (#), v. t. [OE.
acrochen, accrochen, to obtain, OF.
acrochier, F. accrocher; \'85
(L. ad) + croc hook (E.
crook).] 1. To hook, or draw to
one's self as with a hook. [Obs.]
2. To usurp, as jurisdiction or royal
prerogatives.
They had attempted to accroach to themselves royal
power.
Stubbs.
Ac*croach"ment (#), n. [Cf. F.
accrochement.] An encroachment;
usurpation. [Obs.]
Bailey.
Ac*cru"al (#), n.
Accrument. [R.]
Ac*crue" (#), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Accrued
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Accruing.] [See Accrue,
n., and cf. Accresce,
Accrete.] 1. To increase; to
augment.
And though power failed, her courage did
accrue.
Spenser.
2. To come to by way of increase; to arise or
spring as a growth or result; to be added as increase, profit, or
damage, especially as the produce of money lent.
\'bdInterest accrues to principal.\'b8
Abbott.
The great and essential advantages accruing to
society from the freedom of the press.
Junius.
Ac*crue", n. [F. accr\'96,
OF. acre\'81, p. p. of accroitre, OF.
acroistre to increase; L. ad + crescere to
increase. Cf. Accretion, Crew. See
Crescent.] Something that accrues; advantage
accruing. [Obs.]
Ac*cru"er (#), n. (Law)
The act of accruing; accretion; as, title by
accruer.
Ac*cru"ment (#), n. The process
of accruing, or that which has accrued; increase.
Jer. Taylor.
Ac`cu*ba"tion (#), n. [L.
accubatio, for accubatio, fr.
accubare to recline; ad + cubare to lie
down. See Accumb.] The act or posture of
reclining on a couch, as practiced by the ancients at
meals.
Ac*cumb" (#), v. i. [L.
accumbere; ad + cumbere (only in compounds)
to lie down.] To recline, as at table.
[Obs.]
Bailey.
Ac*cum"ben*cy (#), n. The state
of being accumbent or reclining. [R.]
Ac*cum"bent (#), a. 1.
Leaning or reclining, as the ancients did at their
meals.
The Roman.. accumbent posture in eating.
Arbuthnot.
2. (Bot.) Lying against anything, as one
part of a leaf against another leaf.
Gray.
Accumbent cotyledons have their edges placed
against the caulicle.
Eaton.
Ac*cum"bent, n. One who reclines at
table.
Ac*cum"ber (#), v. t. To
encumber. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Ac*cu"mu*late (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Accumulated
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Accumulating.] [L.
accumulatus, p. p. of accumulare; ad +
cumulare to heap. See Cumulate.] To
heap up in a mass; to pile up; to collect or bring together; to
amass; as, to accumulate a sum of money.
Syn. -- To collect; pile up; store; amass; gather;
aggregate; heap together; hoard.
<-- p. 14 -->
Ac*cu"mu*late (#), v. i. To
grow or increase in quantity or number; to increase
greatly.
Ill fares the land, to hastening ills a prey,
Where wealth accumulates, and men decay.
Goldsmith.
Ac*cu"mu*late (#), a. [L.
accumulatus, p. p. of accumulare.]
Collected; accumulated.
Bacon.
Ac*cu`mu*la"tion (#), n. [L.
accumulatio; cf. F. accumulation.]
1. The act of accumulating, the state of being
accumulated, or that which is accumulated; as, an
accumulation of earth, of sand, of evils, of wealth, of
honors.
2. (Law) The concurrence of several
titles to the same proof.
Accumulation of energy or
power, the storing of energy by means of
weights lifted or masses put in motion; electricity stored.
-- An accumulation of degrees (Eng. Univ.),
the taking of several together, or at smaller intervals than
usual or than is allowed by the rules.
Ac*cu"mu*la*tive (#), a.
Characterized by accumulation; serving to collect or amass;
cumulative; additional. --
Ac*cu"mu*la*tive*ly, adv. --
Ac*cu"mu*la*tive*ness, n.
Ac*cu"mu*la`tor (#), n.
[L.] 1. One who, or that which,
accumulates, collects, or amasses.
2. (Mech.) An apparatus by means of
which energy or power can be stored, such as the cylinder or tank
for storing water for hydraulic elevators, the secondary or
storage battery used for accumulating the energy of electrical
charges, etc.
3. A system of elastic springs for relieving the
strain upon a rope, as in deep-sea dredging.
Ac"cu*ra*cy (#; 277), n. [See
Accurate.] The state of being accurate;
freedom from mistakes, this exemption arising from carefulness;
exact conformity to truth, or to a rule or model; precision;
exactness; nicety; correctness; as, the value of testimony
depends on its accuracy.
The professed end [of logic] is to teach men to think, to
judge, and to reason, with precision and accuracy.
Reid.
The accuracy with which the piston fits the
sides.
Lardner.
Ac"cu*rate (#), a. [L.
accuratus, p. p. and a., fr. accurare to
take care of; ad + curare to take care,
cura care. See Cure.] 1.
In exact or careful conformity to truth, or to some standard
of requirement, the result of care or pains; free from failure,
error, or defect; exact; as, an accurate calculator;
an accurate measure; accurate expression,
knowledge, etc.
2. Precisely fixed; executed with care;
careful. [Obs.]
Those conceive the celestial bodies have more
accurate influences upon these things below.
Bacon.
Syn. -- Correct; exact; just; nice; particular.
-- Accurate, Correct, Exact,
Precise. We speak of a thing as correct with
reference to some rule or standard of comparison; as, a
correct account, a correct likeness, a man
of correct deportment. We speak of a thing as
accurate with reference to the care bestowed upon its
execution, and the increased correctness to be expected
therefrom; as, an accurate statement, an
accurate detail of particulars. We speak of a thing as
exact with reference to that perfected state of a
thing in which there is no defect and no redundance; as, an
exact coincidence, the exact truth, an
exact likeness. We speak of a thing as
precise when we think of it as strictly conformed to
some rule or model, as if cut down thereto; as a
precise conformity instructions; precisely
right; he was very precise in giving his
directions.
Ac"cu*rate*ly, adv. In an accurate
manner; exactly; precisely; without error or defect.
Ac"cu*rate*ness, n. The state or quality
of being accurate; accuracy; exactness; nicety; precision.
Ac*curse" (#), v. t. [OE.
acursien, acorsien; pref. a +
cursien to curse. See Curse.] To devote
to destruction; to imprecate misery or evil upon; to curse; to
execrate; to anathematize.
And the city shall be accursed.
Josh. vi. 17.
Thro' you, my life will be accurst.
Tennyson.
{ Ac*cursed" (#), Ac*curst"
(#), } p. p. & a. Doomed to
destruction or misery; cursed; hence, bad enough to be under the
curse; execrable; detestable; exceedingly hateful; -- as, an
accursed deed. Shak. --
Ac*curs"ed*ly, adv. --
Ac*curs"ed*ness, n.
Ac*cus"a*ble (#), a. [L.
accusabilis: cf. F. accusable.]
Liable to be accused or censured; chargeable with a crime or
fault; blamable; -- with of.
Ac*cus"al (#), n.
Accusation. [R.]
Byron.
Ac*cus"ant (#), n. [L.
accusans, p. pr. of accusare: cf. F.
accusant.] An accuser.
Bp. Hall.
Ac`cu*sa"tion (#), n. [OF.
acusation, F. accusation, L.
accusatio, fr. accusare. See
Accuse.]
1. The act of accusing or charging with a crime or
with a lighter offense.
We come not by the way of accusation
To taint that honor every good tongue blesses.
Shak.
2. That of which one is accused; the charge of an
offense or crime, or the declaration containing the charge.
[They] set up over his head his accusation.
Matt. xxvii. 37.
Syn. -- Impeachment; crimination; censure; charge.
Ac*cu`sa*ti"val (#), a.
Pertaining to the accusative case.
Ac*cu"sa*tive (#), a. [F.
accusatif, L. accusativus (in sense 2), fr.
accusare. See Accuse.]
1. Producing accusations; accusatory.
\'bdThis hath been a very accusative age.\'b8
Sir E. Dering.
2. (Gram.) Applied to the case (as the
fourth case of Latin and Greek nouns) which expresses the
immediate object on which the action or influence of a transitive
verb terminates, or the immediate object of motion or tendency
to, expressed by a preposition. It corresponds to the objective
case in English.
Ac*cu"sa*tive, n. (Gram.) The
accusative case.
Ac*cu"sa*tive*ly, adv. 1. In an
accusative manner.
2. In relation to the accusative case in
grammar.
Ac*cu`sa*to"ri*al (#), a.
Accusatory.
Ac*cu`sa*to"ri*al*ly, adv. By way
accusation.
Ac*cu"sa*to*ry (#), a. [L.
accusatorius, fr. accusare.]
Pertaining to, or containing, an accusation; as, an
accusatory libel.
Grote.
Ac*cuse" (#), n.
Accusation. [Obs.]
Shak.
Ac*cuse", v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Accused (#); p. pr. & vb.
n. Accusing.] [OF.
acuser, F. accuser, L. accusare,
to call to account, accuse; ad + causa cause, lawsuit.
Cf. Cause.] 1. To charge with, or
declare to have committed, a crime or offense;
(Law) to charge with an offense, judicially or by
a public process; -- with of; as, to
accuse one of a high crime or misdemeanor.
Neither can they prove the things whereof they now
accuse me.
Acts xxiv. 13.
We are accused of having persuaded Austria and
Sardinia to lay down their arms.
Macaulay.
2. To charge with a fault; to blame; to
censure.
Their thoughts the meanwhile accusing or else
excusing one another.
Rom. ii. 15.
3. To betray; to show. [L.]
Sir P. Sidney.
Syn. -- To charge; blame; censure; reproach; criminate;
indict; impeach; arraign. -- To Accuse,
Charge, Impeach, Arraign. These words
agree in bringing home to a person the imputation of wrongdoing.
To accuse is a somewhat formal act, and is applied
usually (though not exclusively) to crimes; as, to
accuse of treason. Charge is the most
generic. It may refer to a crime, a dereliction of duty, a fault,
etc.; more commonly it refers to moral delinquencies; as, to
charge with dishonesty or falsehood. To
arraign is to bring (a person) before a tribunal for
trial; as, to arraign one before a court or at the bar
public opinion. To impeach is officially to charge
with misbehavior in office; as, to impeach a minister
of high crimes. Both impeach and arraign
convey the idea of peculiar dignity or impressiveness.
Ac*cused" (#), a. Charged with
offense; as, an accused person.
Commonly used substantively; as, the accused,
one charged with an offense; the defendant in a criminal
case.
Ac*cuse"ment (#), n. [OF.
acusement. See Accuse.]
Accusation. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Ac*cus"er (#), n. [OE.
acuser, accusour; cf. OF.
acuseor, fr. L. accusator, fr.
accusare.] One who accuses; one who brings
a charge of crime or fault.
Ac*cus"ing*ly, adv. In an accusing
manner.
Ac*cus"tom (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Accustomed
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Accustoming.] [OF.
acostumer, acustumer, F.
accoutumer; \'85 (L. ad) + OF.
costume, F. coutume, custom. See
Custom.] To make familiar by use; to
habituate, familiarize, or inure; -- with to.
I shall always fear that he who accustoms himself
to fraud in little things, wants only opportunity to practice it
in greater.
Adventurer.
Syn. -- To habituate; inure; exercise; train.
Ac*cus"tom, v. i. 1. To be
wont. [Obs.]
Carew.
2. To cohabit. [Obs.]
We with the best men accustom openly; you with the
basest commit private adulteries.
Milton.
Ac*cus"tom, n. Custom.
[Obs.]
Milton.
Ac*cus"tom*a*ble (#), a.
Habitual; customary; wonted.
\'bdAccustomable goodness.\'b8
Latimer.
Ac*cus"tom*a*bly, adv. According to
custom; ordinarily; customarily.
Latimer.
Ac*cus"tom*ance (#), n. [OF.
accoustumance, F. accoutumance.]
Custom; habitual use. [Obs.]
Boyle.
Ac*cus"tom*a*ri*ly (#), adv.
Customarily. [Obs.]
Ac*cus"tom*a*ry (#), a. Usual;
customary. [Archaic]
Featley.
Ac*cus"tomed (#), a. 1.
Familiar through use; usual; customary. \'bdAn
accustomed action.\'b8
Shak.
2. Frequented by customers.
[Obs.] \'bdA well accustomed shop.\'b8
Smollett.
Ac*cus"tomed*ness, n. Habituation.
Accustomedness to sin hardens the heart.
Bp. Pearce.
Ace (#), n.; pl.
Aces (#). [OE. as, F.
as, fr. L. as, assis, unity,
copper coin, the unit of coinage. Cf. As.]
1. A unit; a single point or spot on a card or die;
the card or die so marked; as, the ace of
diamonds.
2. Hence: A very small quantity or degree; a
particle; an atom; a jot.
I 'll not wag an ace further.
Dryden.
To bate an ace, to make the least abatement.
[Obs.]M/mark> -- Within an ace of, very
near; on the point of.
W. Irving.
A*cel"da*ma (#), n. [Gr. /,
fr. Syr. \'d3k\'c7l dam\'d3 the field of blood.]
The potter's field, said to have lain south of Jerusalem,
purchased with the bribe which Judas took for betraying his
Master, and therefore called the field of blood. Fig.:
A field of bloodshed.
The system of warfare . . . which had already converted
immense tracts into one universal aceldama.
De Quincey.
A*cen"tric (#), a. [Gr. /
priv. + / a point, a center.] Not centered; without
a center.
Ac"e*phal (#), n. [Gr. /; /
priv. + / head: cf. F. ac\'82phale, LL.
acephalus.] (Zo\'94l.) One of
the Acephala.
\'d8A*ceph"a*la (#), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. /, adj. neut. pl., headless. See
Acephal.] (Zo\'94l.) That division
of the Mollusca which includes the bivalve shells, like the clams
and oysters; -- so called because they have no evident head.
Formerly the group included the Tunicata, Brachiopoda, and
sometimes the Bryozoa. See Mollusca.
A*ceph"a*lan (#), n. Same as
Acephal.
A*ceph"a*lan, a. (Zo\'94l.)
Belonging to the Acephala.
\'d8A*ceph"a*li (#), n. pl.
[LL., pl. of acephalus. See
Acephal.] 1. A fabulous people
reported by ancient writers to have heads.
2. (Eccl. Hist.) (a) A
Christian sect without a leader. (b) Bishops
and certain clergymen not under regular diocesan control.
3. A class of levelers in the time of K. Henry
I.
A*ceph"a*list (#), n. One who
acknowledges no head or superior.
Dr. Gauden.
A*ceph"a*lo*cyst (#), n. [Gr.
/ without a head + / bladder.] (Zo\'94l.)
A larval entozo\'94n in the form of a subglobular or oval
vesicle, or hy datid, filled with fluid, sometimes found in the
tissues of man and the lower animals; -- so called from the
absence of a head or visible organs on the vesicle. These cysts
are the immature stages of certain tapeworms. Also applied to
similar cysts of different origin.
A*ceph`a*lo*cys"tic (#), a.
Pertaining to, or resembling, the acephalocysts.
A*ceph"a*lous (#), a. [See
Acephal.]
1. Headless.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Without a distinct head;
-- a term applied to bivalve mollusks.
3. (Bot.) Having the style spring from
the base, instead of from the apex, as is the case in certain
ovaries.
4. Without a leader or chief.
5. Wanting the beginning.
A false or acephalous structure of sentence.
De Quincey.
6. (Pros.) Deficient and the beginning,
as a line of poetry.
Brande.
Ac"er*ate (#), n. [See
Aceric.] (Chem.) A combination of
aceric acid with a salifiable base.
Ac"er*ate, a. Acerose;
needle-shaped.
A*cerb" (#), a. [L.
acerbus, fr. acer sharp: cf. F.
acerbe. See Acrid.] Sour, bitter,
and harsh to the taste, as unripe fruit; sharp and harsh.
A*cerb"ate (#), v. t. [L.
acerbatus, p. p. of acerbare, fr.
acerbus.] To sour; to imbitter; to
irritate.
A*cerb"ic (#), a. Sour or
severe.
A*cerb"i*tude (#), n. [L.
acerbitudo, fr. acerbus.]
Sourness and harshness. [Obs.]
Bailey.
A*cerb"i*ty (#), n. [F.
acerbit\'82, L. acerbitas, fr.
acerbus. See Acerb.] 1.
Sourness of taste, with bitterness and astringency, like
that of unripe fruit.
2. Harshness, bitterness, or severity; as,
acerbity of temper, of language, of pain.
Barrow.
A*cer"ic (#), a. [L.
acer maple.] Pertaining to, or obtained
from, the maple; as, aceric acid.
Ure.
Ac"er*ose` (#), a. [(a) L.
acerosus chaffy, fr. acus, gen.
aceris, chaff; (b) as if fr. L. acus
needle: cf. F. ac\'82reux.] (Bot.)
(a) Having the nature of chaff; chaffy.
(b) Needle-shaped, having a sharp, rigid point, as
the leaf of the pine.
Ac"er*ous (#), a. Same as
Acerose.
Ac"er*ous, a. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Destitute
of tentacles, as certain mollusks. (b)
Without antenn\'91, as some insects.
A*cer"val (#), a. [L.
acervalis, fr. acervus heap.]
Pertaining to a heap. [Obs.]
A*cer"vate (#), v. t. [L.
acervatus, p. p. of acervare to heap up,
fr. acervus heap.] To heap up.
[Obs.]
A*cer"vate (#), a. Heaped, or
growing in heaps, or closely compacted clusters.
Ac`er*va"tion (#), n. [L.
acervatio.] A heaping up;
accumulation. [R.]
Johnson.
A*cer"va*tive (#), a. Heaped
up; tending to heap up.
A*cer"vose (#), a. Full of
heaps. [R.]
Bailey.
A*cer"vu*line (#), a.
Resembling little heaps.
{ A*ces"cence (#), A*ces"cen*cy
(#), } n. [Cf. F.
acescence. See Acescent.] The
quality of being acescent; the process of acetous fermentation; a
moderate degree of sourness.
Johnson.
A*ces"cent (#), a. [L.
acescens, -entis, p. pr. of
acescere to turn sour; inchoative of acere
to be sour: cf. F. acescent. See Acid.]
Turning sour; readily becoming tart or acid; slightly
sour.
Faraday.
A*ces"cent, n. A substance liable to
become sour.
Ac"e*ta*ble (#), n. An
acetabulum; or about one eighth of a pint.
[Obs.]
Holland.
Ac`e*tab"u*lar (#), a.
Cup-shaped; saucer-shaped; acetabuliform.
\'d8Ac`e*tab`u*lif"e*ra (#), n. pl.
[NL. See Acetabuliferous.]
(Zo\'94l.) The division of Cephalopoda in which
the arms are furnished with cup-shaped suckers, as the
cuttlefishes, squids, and octopus; the Dibranchiata. See
Cephalopoda.
Ac`e*tab`u*lif"er*ous (#), a.
[L. acetablum a little cup +
-ferous.] Furnished with fleshy cups for
adhering to bodies, as cuttlefish, etc.
Ac`e*tab"u*li*form (#), a. [L.
acetabulum + -form.] (Bot.)
Shaped like a shallow; saucer-shaped; as, an
acetabuliform calyx.
Gray.
\'d8Ac`e*tab"u*lum (#), n. [L.,
a little saucer for vinegar, fr. acetum vinegar, fr.
acere to be sour.]
1. (Rom. Antiq.) A vinegar cup; socket
of the hip bone; a measure of about one eighth of a pint,
etc.
2. (Anat.) (a) The bony cup
which receives the head of the thigh bone. (b)
The cavity in which the leg of an insect is inserted at its
articulation with the body. (c) A sucker of
the sepia or cuttlefish and related animals. (d)
The large posterior sucker of the leeches.
(e) One of the lobes of the placenta in ruminating
animals.
Ac"e*tal (#), n.
[Acetic + alcohol.]
(Chem.) A limpid, colorless, inflammable liquid
from the slow oxidation of alcohol under the influence of
platinum black.
Ac`et*al"de*hyde (#), n. Acetic
aldehyde. See Aldehyde.
Ac`et*am"ide (#), n.
[Acetyl + amide.]
(Chem.) A white crystalline solid, from ammonia
by replacement of an equivalent of hydrogen by acetyl.
Ac`et*an"i*lide (#), n.
[Acetyl + anilide.]
(Med.) A compound of aniline with acetyl, used to
allay fever or pain; -- called also
antifebrine.
Ac`e*ta"ri*ous (#), a. [L.
acetaria, n. pl., salad, fr. acetum
vinegar, fr. acere to be sour.] Used in
salads; as, acetarious plants.
<-- p. 15 -->
Ac"e*ta*ry (#), n. [L.
acetaria salad plants.] An acid pulp in
certain fruits, as the pear.
Grew.
Ac"e*tate (#), n. [L.
acetum vinegar, fr. acere to be
sour.] (Chem.) A salt formed by the union
of acetic acid with a base or positive radical; as,
acetate of lead, acetate of potash.
Ac"e*ta`ted (#), a. Combined
with acetic acid.
A*ce"tic (#; 277), a. [L.
acetum vinegar, fr. acere to be
sour.] (Chem.) (a) Of a pertaining
to vinegar; producing vinegar; producing vinegar; as,
acetic fermentation. (b)
Pertaining to, containing, or derived from, acetyl, as
acetic ether, acetic acid. The latter is
the acid to which the sour taste of vinegar is due.
A*cet`i*fi*ca"tion (#), n. The
act of making acetous or sour; the process of converting, or of
becoming converted, into vinegar.
A*cet"i*fi`er (#), n. An
apparatus for hastening acetification.
Knight.
A*cet"i*fy (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Acetified
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Acetifying
(#).] [L. acetum vinegar +
-fly.] To convert into acid or
vinegar.
A*cet"i*fy, v. i. To turn acid.
Encyc. Dom. Econ.
Ac`e*tim"e*ter (#), n. [L.
acetum vinegar + -meter: cf. F.
ac\'82tim\'8atre.] An instrument for
estimating the amount of acetic acid in vinegar or in any liquid
containing acetic acid.
Ac`e*tim"e*try (#), n. The act
or method of ascertaining the strength of vinegar, or the
proportion of acetic acid contained in it.
Ure.
Ac"e*tin (#), n. (Chem.)
A combination of acetic acid with glycerin.
Brande & C.
Ac"e*tize (#), v. i. To
acetify. [R.]
Ac`e*tom"e*ter (#), n. Same as
Acetimeter.
Brande & C.
Ac"e*tone (#), n. [See
Acetic.] (Chem.) A volatile liquid
consisting of three parts of carbon, six of hydrogen, and one of
oxygen; pyroacetic spirit, -- obtained by the distillation of
certain acetates, or by the destructive distillation of citric
acid, starch, sugar, or gum, with quicklime.
ketones.
See Ketone.
Ac`e*ton"ic (#), a. Of or
pertaining to acetone; as, acetonic
bodies.
Ac"e*tose (#), a. Sour like
vinegar; acetous.
Ac`e*tos"i*ty (#), n. [LL.
acetositas. See Acetous.] The
quality of being acetous; sourness.
A*ce"tous (#; 277), a. [L.
acetum vinegar, fr. acere to be
sour.] 1. Having a sour taste; sour;
acid. \'bdAn acetous spirit.\'b8
Boyle. \'bdA liquid of an acetous kind.\'b8
Bp. Lowth.
2. Causing, or connected with, acetification;
as, acetous fermentation.
Acetous acid, a name formerly given to
vinegar<-- which contains acetic acid -->.
Ac"e*tyl (#), n. [L.
acetum vinegar + Gr. / substance. See
-yl.] (Chem.) A complex,
hypothetical radical, composed of two parts of carbon to three of
hydrogen and one of oxygen. Its hydroxide is acetic acid.
A*cet"y*lene (#), n.
(Chem.) A gaseous compound of carbon and
hydrogen, in the proportion of two atoms of the former to two of
the latter. It is a colorless gas, with a peculiar, unpleasant
odor, and is produced for use as an illuminating gas in a number
of ways, but chiefly by the action of water on calcium carbide.
Its light is very brilliant.
Watts.
{ Ach, Ache } (#),
n. [F. ache, L. apium
parsley.] A name given to several species of plants;
as, smallage, wild celery, parsley.
[Obs.]
Holland.
{ A*ch\'91"an (#), A*cha"ian
(#) } a. [L. Achaeus,
Achaius; Gr. /.] Of or pertaining to
Achaia in Greece; also, Grecian. -- n.
A native of Achaia; a Greek.
\'d8A*char"ne*ment (#), n.
[F.] Savage fierceness; ferocity.
Ach"ate (#), n. An agate.
[Obs.]
Evelyn.
A*chate" (#), n. [F.
achat purchase. See Cates.]
1. Purchase; bargaining. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
2. pl. Provisions. Same as
Cates. [Obs.]
Spenser.
\'d8Ach`a*ti"na (#), n. [NL.,
from Gr. / agate.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of
land snails, often large, common in the warm parts of America and
Africa.
A*cha*tour" (#), n. [See
Cater.] Purveyor; acater.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Ache (#), n. [OE.
ache, AS. \'91ce, ece, fr.
acan to ache. See Ache, v.
i.] Continued pain, as distinguished from sudden
twinges, or spasmodic pain. \'bdSuch an ache in my
bones.\'bd
Shak.
ache, an earache, a
toothache.
Ache (#), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Ached (#);
p. pr. & vb. n. Aching
(#).] [OE. aken, AS.
acan, both strong verbs, AS. acan, imp.
\'d3c, p. p. acen, to ache; perh. orig. to
drive, and akin to agent.] To suffer pain;
to have, or be in, pain, or in continued pain; to be
distressed. \'bdMy old bones ache.\'b8
Shak.
The sins that in your conscience ache.
Keble.
A*che"an (#), a & n. See
Ach\'91an, Achaian.
{ A*chene" (#), A*che"ni*um
(#) } n. [Gr. / priv. + / to
gape.] (Bot.) A small, dry, indehiscent
fruit, containing a single seed, as in the buttercup; -- called a
naked seed by the earlier botanists.
[Written also akene and
ach\'91nium.]
A*che"ni*al (#), a. Pertaining
to an achene.
Ach"e*ron (#), n. [L., fr. Gr.
/.] (Myth.) A river in the Nether World
or infernal regions; also, the infernal regions themselves. By
some of the English poets it was supposed to be a flaming lake or
gulf.
Shak.
Ach`e*ron"tic (#), a. Of or
pertaining to Acheron; infernal; hence, dismal, gloomy;
moribund.
A*chiev"a*ble (#), a. Capable
of being achieved.
Barrow.
A*chiev"ance (#), n. [Cf. OF.
achevance.] Achievement.
[Obs.]
Sir T. Elyot.
A*chieve" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Achieved
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Achieving
(#).] [OE. acheven, OF.
achever, achiever, F. achever,
to finish; \'85 (L. ad) + OF.
chief, F. chef, end, head, fr. L.
caput head. See Chief.] 1.
To carry on to a final close; to bring out into a perfected
state; to accomplish; to perform; -- as, to achieve a
feat, an exploit, an enterprise.
Supposing faculties and powers to be the same, far more may be
achieved in any line by the aid of a capital,
invigorating motive than without it.
I. Taylor.
2. To obtain, or gain, as the result of exertion;
to succeed in gaining; to win.
Some are born great, some achieve greatness.
Shak.
Thou hast achieved our liberty.
Milton.
[[Obs]., with a material thing as the aim.]
Show all the spoils by valiant kings achieved.
Prior.
He hath achieved a maid
That paragons description.
Shak.
3. To finish; to kill. [Obs.]
Shak.
Syn. -- To accomplish; effect; fulfill; complete; execute;
perform; realize; obtain. See Accomplish.
A*chieve"ment (#), n. [Cf. F.
ach\'8avement, E. Hatchment.]
1. The act of achieving or performing; an obtaining
by exertion; successful performance; accomplishment; as, the
achievement of his object.
2. A great or heroic deed; something accomplished
by valor, boldness, or praiseworthy exertion; a feat.
[The exploits] of the ancient saints . . . do far surpass the
most famous achievements of pagan heroes.
Barrow.
The highest achievements of the human
intellect.
Macaulay.
3. (Her.) An escutcheon or ensign
armorial; now generally applied to the funeral shield commonly
called hatchment.
Cussans.
A*chiev"er (#), n. One who
achieves; a winner.
Ach`il*le"an (#), a. Resembling
Achilles, the hero of the Iliad; invincible.
A*chil"les' ten"don (#), n. [L.
Achillis tendo.] (Anat.) The
strong tendon formed of the united tendons of the large muscles
in the calf of the leg, an inserted into the bone of the heel; --
so called from the mythological account of Achilles being held by
the heel when dipped in the River Styx.
A*chi"lous (#), a. [Gr. /
priv. + / lip.] (Bot.) Without a
lip.
Ach"ing (#), a. That aches;
continuously painful. See Ache. --
Ach"ing*ly, adv.
The aching heart, the aching head.
Longfellow.
\'d8A`chi*o"te (#), n. [Sp.
achiote, fr. Indian achiotl.]
Seeds of the annotto tree; also, the coloring matter,
annotto.
A*chlam"y*date (#), a. [Gr. /
priv. + /. /. a short cloak.] (Zo\'94l.)
Not possessing a mantle; -- said of certain
gastropods.
Ach`la*myd"e*ous (#), a.
(Bot.) Naked; having no floral envelope, neither
calyx nor corolla.
\'d8A*cho"li*a (#), n. [NL.,
from Gr. /; / priv. + / bile.] (Med.)
Deficiency or want of bile.
Ach"o*lous (#), a. (Med.)
Lacking bile.
Ach`ro*mat"ic (#), a. [Gr. /
colorless; / priv. + /, /, color: cf. F.
achromatique.] 1. (Opt.)
Free from color; transmitting light without decomposing it
into its primary colors.
2. (Biol.) Uncolored; not absorbing
color from a fluid; -- said of tissue.
Achromatic lens (Opt.), a lens
composed usually of two separate lenses, a convex and concave, of
substances having different refractive and dispersive powers, as
crown and flint glass, with the curvatures so adjusted that the
chromatic aberration produced by the one is corrected by other,
and light emerges from the compound lens undecomposed. --
Achromatic prism. See Prism. --
Achromatic telescope, or
microscope, one in which the chromatic
aberration is corrected, usually by means of a compound or
achromatic object glass, and which gives images free from
extraneous color.
Ach`ro*mat"ic*al*ly (#), adv.
In an achromatic manner.
Ach`ro*ma*tic"i*ty (#), n.
Achromatism.
A*chro"ma*tin (#), n.
(Biol.) Tissue which is not stained by fluid
dyes.
W. Flemming.
A*chro"ma*tism (#), n. [Cf. F.
achromatisme.] The state or quality of
being achromatic; as, the achromatism of a
lens; achromaticity.
Nichol.
A*chro`ma*ti*za"tion (#), n.
[Cf. F. achromatisation.] The act or
process of achromatizing.
A*chro"ma*tize (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Achromatized
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Achromatizing
(#).] [Gr. / priv. + /
color.] To deprive of color; to make achromatic.
A*chro"ma*top"sy (#), n. [Gr.
/ priv. + / color + / sight.] Color blindness;
inability to distinguish colors; Daltonism.
A*chron"ic (#), a. See
Acronyc.
Ach`ro*\'94*dex"trin (#), n.
[Gr. / colorless + E. dextrin.]
(Physiol. Chem.) Dextrin not colorable by iodine.
See Dextrin.
Ach"ro*ous (#), a. [Gr. /;
/ priv. + / color.] Colorless; achromatic.
A*chy"lous (#), a. [Gr. /
without juice.] (Physiol.) Without
chyle.
A*chy"mous (#), a. [Gr. /
without juice.] (Physiol.) Without
chyme.
\'d8A*cic"u*la (#), n.; pl.
Acicul\'91 (#). [L., a small
needle, dimin. of acus needle.] (Nat.
Hist.) One of the needlelike or bristlelike
spines or prickles of some animals and plants; also, a needlelike
crystal.
A*cic"u*lar (#), a.
Needle-shaped; slender like a needle or bristle, as some
leaves or crystals; also, having sharp points like
needless.
A*cic"u*lar*ly, adv.
{ A*cic"u*late (#),
A*cic"u*la"ted (#) } a.
(Nat. Hist.) (a) Furnished with
acicul\'91. (b) Acicular. (c)
Marked with fine irregular streaks as if scratched by a
needle.
Lindley.
A*cic"u*li*form (#), a. [L.
acicula needle + -form.]
Needle-shaped; acicular.
A*cic"u*lite (#), n.
(Min.) Needle ore.
Brande & C.
Ac"id (#), a. [L.
acidus sour, fr. the root ak to be sharp:
cf. F. acide. Cf. Acute.] 1.
Sour, sharp, or biting to the taste; tart; having the taste
of vinegar: as, acid fruits or liquors. Also fig.:
Sour-tempered.
He was stern and his face as acid as ever.
A. Trollope.
2. Of or pertaining to an acid; as,
acid reaction.
Ac"id, n. 1. A sour
substance.
2. (Chem.) One of a class of compounds,
generally but not always distinguished by their sour taste,
solubility in water, and reddening of vegetable blue or violet
colors. They are also characterized by the power of destroying
the distinctive properties of alkalies or bases, combining with
them to form salts, at the same time losing their own peculiar
properties. They all contain hydrogen, united with a more
negative element or radical, either alone, or more generally with
oxygen, and take their names from this negative element or
radical. Those which contain no oxygen are sometimes called
hydracids in distinction from the others which are
called oxygen acids or oxacids.
sulphur acids or
sulphacids, selenium acids, or
tellurium acids. When the hydrogen of an acid is
replaced by a positive element or radical, a salt is formed, and
hence acids are sometimes named as salts of hydrogen; as
hydrogen nitrate for nitric acid, hydrogen
sulphate for sulphuric acid, etc. In the old chemistry the
name acid was applied to the oxides of the negative or
nonmetallic elements, now sometimes called
anhydrides.
A*cid"ic (#), a. (Min.)
Containing a high percentage of silica; -- opposed to
basic.
<-- 2. of or relating to acid; having the character of an acid,
as an acidic solution. -->
Ac`id*if"er*ous (#), a. [L.
acidus sour + -ferous.]
Containing or yielding an acid.
A*cid"i*fi`a*ble (#), a.
Capable of being acidified, or converted into an acid.
Ac`id*if"ic (#), a. Producing
acidity; converting into an acid.
Dana.
A*cid`i*fi*ca"tion (#), n. [Cf.
F. acidification.] The act or process of
acidifying, or changing into an acid.
A*cid"i*fi`er (#), n.
(Chem.) A simple or compound principle, whose
presence is necessary to produce acidity, as oxygen, chlorine,
bromine, iodine, etc.
A*cid"i*fy (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Acidified
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Acidifying
(#).] [L. acidus sour, acid
+ -fy: cf. F. acidifier.] 1.
To make acid; to convert into an acid; as, to
acidify sugar.
2. To sour; to imbitter.
His thin existence all acidified into rage.
Carlyle.
Ac`id*im"e*ter (#), n. [L.
acidus acid + -meter.]
(Chem.) An instrument for ascertaining the
strength of acids.
Ure.
Ac`id*im"e*try (#), n. [L.
acidus acid + -metry.]
(Chem.) The measurement of the strength of acids,
especially by a chemical process based on the law of chemical
combinations, or the fact that, to produce a complete reaction, a
certain definite weight of reagent is required. --
Ac`id*i*met"ric*al (#),
a.
A*cid"i*ty (#), n. [L.
acidites, fr. acidus: cf. F.
acidit\'82. See Acid.] The quality
of being sour; sourness; tartness; sharpness to the taste;
as, the acidity of lemon juice.
Ac"id*ly (#), adv. Sourly;
tartly.
Ac"id*ness (#), n. Acidity;
sourness.
A*cid"u*late (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Acidulated
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Acidulating
(#).] [Cf. F. aciduler. See
Acidulous.] To make sour or acid in a
moderate degree; to sour somewhat.
Arbuthnot.
A*cid"u*lent (#), a. Having an
acid quality; sour; acidulous. \'bdWith anxious,
acidulent face.\'b8
Carlyle.
A*cid"u*lous (#), a. [L.
acidulus, dim. of acidus. See Acid.]
Slightly sour; sub-acid; sourish; as, an
acidulous tincture.
E. Burke.
Acidulous mineral waters, such as contain
carbonic anhydride.
Ac`i*er*age (#), n. [F.
aci\'82rage, fr. acier steel.]
The process of coating the surface of a metal plate (as a
stereotype plate) with steellike iron by means of voltaic
electricity; steeling.
Ac"i*form (#), a. [L.
acus needle + -form.] Shaped
like a needle.
Ac"i*na"ceous (#), a. [L.
acinus a grape, grapestone.] (Bot.)
Containing seeds or stones of grapes, or grains like
them.
\'d8A*cin"a*ces (#), n. [L.,
from Gr. /.] (Anc. Hist.) A short sword
or saber.
Ac`i*nac"i*form (#), a. [L.
acinaces a short sword + -form: cf. F.
acinaciforme.] (Bot.)
Scimeter-shaped; as, an acinaciform
leaf.
\'d8Ac`i*ne"si*a (#), n.
(Med.) Same as Akinesia.
\'d8Ac`i*ne"t\'91 (#), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / immovable.] (Zo\'94l.)
A group of suctorial Infusoria, which in the adult stage are
stationary. See Suctoria.
Ac`i*net"i*form (#), a.
[Acinet\'91 + -form.]
(Zo\'94l.) Resembling the Acinet\'91.
A*cin"i*form (#), a. [L.
acinus a grape, grapestone + -form: cf. F.
acinoforme.] 1. Having the form of
a cluster of grapes; clustered like grapes.
2. Full of small kernels like a grape.
{ Ac"i*nose` (#), Ac"i*nous
(#) } a. [L. acinosus,
fr. acinus grapestone.] Consisting of
acini, or minute granular concretions; as,
acinose or acinous glands.
Kirwan.
<-- p. 16 -->
\'d8Ac"i*nus (#), n.; pl.
Acini (#). [L., grape,
grapestone.] 1. (Bot.) (a)
One of the small grains or drupelets which make up some
kinds of fruit, as the blackberry, raspberry, etc.
(b) A grapestone.
2. (Anat.) One of the granular masses
which constitute a racemose or compound gland, as the pancreas;
also, one of the saccular recesses in the lobules of a racemose
gland.
Quain.
\'d8Ac`i*pen"ser (#), n. [L.,
the name of a fish.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of
ganoid fishes, including the sturgeons, having the body armed
with bony scales, and the mouth on the under side of the head.
See Sturgeon.
Ac"i*ur`gy (#), n. [Gr. / a
point + / work.] Operative surgery.
Ac*know" (#), v. t. [Pref.
a- + know; AS.
oncn\'bewan.] 1. To
recognize. [Obs.] \'bdYou will not be
acknown, sir.\'b8
B. Jonson.
2. To acknowledge; to confess.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
To be acknown (often with of or
on), to acknowledge; to confess.
[Obs.]
We say of a stubborn body that standeth still in the denying
of his fault, This man will not acknowledge his fault, or, He
will not be acknown of his fault.
Sir T. More.
Ac*knowl"edge (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Acknowledged
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Acknowledging
(#).] [Prob. fr. pref. a- +
the verb knowledge. See Knowledge, and
ci. Acknow.] 1. To of or
admit the knowledge of; to recognize as a fact or truth; to
declare one's belief in; as, to acknowledge the
being of a God.
I acknowledge my transgressions.
Ps. li. 3.
For ends generally acknowledged to be good.
Macaulay.
2. To own or recognize in a particular character or
relationship; to admit the claims or authority of; to give
recognition to.
In all thy ways acknowledge Him.
Prov. iii. 6.
By my soul, I'll ne'er acknowledge thee.
Shak.
3. To own with gratitude or as a benefit or an
obligation; as, to acknowledge a favor, the receipt
of a letter.
They his gifts acknowledged none.
Milton.
4. To own as genuine; to assent to, as a legal
instrument, to give it validity; to avow or admit in legal form;
as, to acknowledgea deed.
Syn. -- To avow; proclaim; recognize; own; admit; allow;
concede; confess. -- Acknowledge,
Recognize. Acknowledge is opposed to
keep back, or conceal, and supposes that
something had been previously known to us (though perhaps not to
others) which we now feel bound to lay open or make public. Thus,
a man acknowledges a secret marriage; one who has done
wrong acknowledges his fault; and author
acknowledges his obligation to those who have aided
him; we acknowledge our ignorance.
Recognize supposes that we have either forgotten or
not had the evidence of a thing distinctly before our minds, but
that now we know it (as it were) anew, or receive and admit in on
the ground of the evidence it brings. Thus, we
recognize a friend after a long absence. We
recognize facts, principles, truths, etc., when their
evidence is brought up fresh to the mind; as, bad men usually
recognize the providence of God in seasons of danger.
A foreign minister, consul, or agent, of any kind, is
recognized on the ground of his producing satisfactory
credentials. See also Confess.
Ac*knowl"edged*ly (#), adv.
Confessedly.
Ac*knowl"edg*er (#), n. One who
acknowledges.
Ac*knowl"edg*ment (#), n.
1. The act of acknowledging; admission; avowal;
owning; confession. \'bdAn acknowledgment of
fault.\'b8
Froude.
2. The act of owning or recognized in a particular
character or relationship; recognition as regards the existence,
authority, truth, or genuineness.
Immediately upon the acknowledgment of the
Christian faith, the eunuch was baptized by Philip.
Hooker.
3. The owning of a benefit received; courteous
recognition; expression of thanks.
Shak.
4. Something given or done in return for a favor,
message, etc.
Smollett.
5. A declaration or avowal of one's own act, to
give it legal validity; as, the acknowledgment of a
deed before a proper officer. Also, the certificate of the
officer attesting such declaration.
Acknowledgment money, in some parts of
England, a sum paid by copyhold tenants, on the death of their
landlords, as an acknowledgment of their new lords.
Cowell.
Syn. -- Confession; concession; recognition; admission;
avowal; recognizance.
A*clin"ic (#), a. [Gr. /
priv. + / to incline.] (Physics.) Without
inclination or dipping; -- said the magnetic needle balances
itself horizontally, having no dip. The aclinic line
is also termed the magnetic equator.
Prof. August.
Ac"me (#), n. [Gr. / point,
top.] 1. The top or highest point; the
culmination.
The very acme and pitch of life for epic
poetry.
Pope.
The moment when a certain power reaches the acme of
its supremacy.
I. Taylor.
2. (Med.) The crisis or height of a
disease.
3. Mature age; full bloom of life.
B. Jonson.
Ac"ne (#), n. [NL., prob. a
corruption of Gr. /] (Med.) A pustular
affection of the skin, due to changes in the sebaceous
glands.
Ac*no"dal (#), a. Pertaining to
acnodes.
Ac"node (#), n. [L.
acus needle + E. node.]
(Geom.) An isolated point not upon a curve, but
whose co\'94rdinates satisfy the equation of the curve so that it
is considered as belonging to the curve.
A*cock" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- + cock.] In a cocked or
turned up fashion.
A*cock"bill` (#), adv. [Prefix
a- + cock + bill: with bills cocked
up.] (Naut.) (a) Hanging at the
cathead, ready to let go, as an anchor. (b)
Topped up; having one yardarm higher than the other.
A*cold" (#), a. [Prob. p. p. of
OE. acolen to grow cold or cool, AS.
\'bec\'d3lian to grow cold; pref. a- (cf.
Goth. er-, orig. meaning out) +
c\'d3lian to cool. See Cool.]
Cold. [Obs.] \'bdPoor Tom's
acold.\'b8
Shak.
Ac`o*log"ic (#), a. Pertaining
to acology.
A*col"o*gy (#), n. [Gr. /
remedy + -logy.] Materia medica; the
science of remedies.
A*col"o*thist (#), n. See
Acolythist.
Ac`o*lyc"tine (#), n. [From the
name of the plant.] (Chem.) An organic
base, in the form of a white powder, obtained from Aconitum
lycoctonum.
Eng. Cyc.
Ac`o*lyte (#), n. [LL.
acolythus, acoluthus, Gr. / following,
attending: cf. F. acolyte.]
1. (Eccl.) One who has received the
highest of the four minor orders in the Catholic church, being
ordained to carry the wine and water and the lights at the
Mass.
2. One who attends; an assistant. \'bdWith
such chiefs, and with James and John as acolytes.\'b8
Motley.
Ac"o*lyth (#), n. Same as
Acolyte.
A*col"y*thist (#), n. An
acolyte. [Obs.]
{ A*cond"dy*lose` (#),
A*con"dy*lous (#), } a.
[Gr. / priv. + / joint.] (Nat. Hist.)
Being without joints; jointless.
Ac`o*ni"tal (#), a. Of the
nature of aconite.
Ac"o*nite (#), n. [L.
aconitum, Gr. /: cf. F. aconit.]
1. (Bot.) The herb wolfsbane, or
monkshood; -- applied to any plant of the genus
Aconitum (tribe Hellebore), all the species
of which are poisonous.
2. An extract or tincture obtained from
Aconitum napellus, used as a poison and
medicinally.
Winter aconite, a plant (Eranthis
hyemalis) allied to the aconites.
\'d8Ac`o*ni"ti*a (#), n.
(Chem.) Same as Aconitine.
Ac`o*nit"ic (#), a. Of or
pertaining to aconite.
A*con"i*tine (#), n.
(Chem.) An intensely poisonous alkaloid,
extracted from aconite.
\'d8Ac`o*ni"tum (#), n. [L. See
Aconite.] The poisonous herb aconite; also,
an extract from it.
Strong
As aconitum or rash gunpowder.
Shak.
\'d8A*con"ti*a (#), n. pl.
[NL., from Gr. / a little dart.]
(Zo\'94l.) Threadlike defensive organs, composed
largely of nettling cells (cnid\'91), thrown out of
the mouth or special pores of certain Actini\'91 when
irritated.
\'d8A*con"ti*as (#), n. [NL.,
from Gr. /, fr. /, dim. / dart.]
(Zo\'94l.) Anciently, a snake, called dart
snake; now, one of a genus of reptiles closely allied to
the lizards.
A*cop"ic (#), a. [Gr.
/ priv. + / striking. weariness, / to
strike.] (Med.) Relieving weariness;
restorative.
A"corn (#), n. [AS.
\'91cern, fr. \'91cer field, acre; akin to
D. aker acorn, Ger. ecker, Icel.
akarn, Dan. agern, Goth. akran
fruit, akrs field; -- orig. fruit of the field. See
Acre.] 1. The fruit of the oak,
being an oval nut growing in a woody cup or cupule.
2. (Naut.) A cone-shaped piece of wood
on the point of the spindle above the vane, on the
mast-head.
3. (Zo\'94l.) See
Acorn-shell.
A"corn cup (#). The involucre or cup in
which the acorn is fixed.
A"corned (#), a. 1.
Furnished or loaded with acorns.
2. Fed or filled with acorns.
[R.]
Shak.
A"corn-shell` (#), n.
(Zo\'94l.) One of the sessile cirripeds; a
barnacle of the genus Balanus. See
Barnacle.
A*cos"mism (#), n. [Gr. /
priv. + / world.] A denial of the existence of the
universe as distinct from God.
A*cos"mist (#), n. [See
Acosmism.] One who denies the existence of
the universe, or of a universe as distinct from God.
G. H. Lewes.
A*cot`y*le"don (#; 277), n.
[Gr. / priv. + / anything cup-shaped. See
Cotyledon.] (Bot.) A plant which
has no cotyledons, as the dodder and all flowerless plants.
A*cot`y*led"on*ous (#; 277), a.
Having no seed lobes, as the dodder; also applied to plants
which have no true seeds, as ferns, mosses, etc.
A*cou"chy (#), n. [F.
acouchi, from the native name Guiana.]
(Zo\'94l.) A small species of agouti
(Dasyprocta acouchy).
A*cou"me*ter (#), n. [Gr. /
to hear + -meter.] (Physics.) An
instrument for measuring the acuteness of the sense of
hearing.
Itard.
A*cou"me*try (#), n. [Gr. /
to hear + -metry.] The measuring of the
power or extent of hearing.
A*cous"tic (#; 277), a. [F.
acoustique, Gr. / relating to hearing, fr. / to
hear.] Pertaining to the sense of hearing, the organs
of hearing, or the science of sounds; auditory.
Acoustic duct, the auditory duct, or external
passage of the ear. -- Acoustic telegraph, a
telegraph making audible signals; a telephone. --
Acoustic vessels, brazen tubes or vessels, shaped
like a bell, used in ancient theaters to propel the voices of the
actors, so as to render them audible to a great
distance.
A*cous"tic, n. A medicine or agent to
assist hearing.
A*cous"tic*al (#), a. Of or
pertaining to acoustics.
A*cous"tic*al*ly (#), adv. In
relation to sound or to hearing.
Tyndall.
Ac`ous*ti"cian (#), n. One
versed in acoustics.
Tyndall.
A*cous"tics (#; 277), n. [Names
of sciences in -ics, as, acoustics,
mathematics, etc., are usually treated as singular.
See -ics.] (Physics.) The science
of sounds, teaching their nature, phenomena, and laws.
Acoustics, then, or the science of sound, is a very
considerable branch of physics.
Sir J. Herschel.
diacoustics, which explains the properties of sounds
coming directly from the ear; and catacoustica, which
treats of reflected sounds or echoes.
Ac*quaint" (#), a. [OF.
acoint. See Acquaint, v. t.]
Acquainted. [Obs.]
Ac*quaint", v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Acquainted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Acquainting.] [OE.
aqueinten, acointen, OF.
acointier, LL. adcognitare, fr. L. ad
+ cognitus, p. p. of cognoscere to know;
con- + noscere to know. See
Quaint, Know.] 1. To
furnish or give experimental knowledge of; to make (one) to know;
to make familiar; -- followed by with.
Before a man can speak on any subject, it is necessary to be
acquainted with it.
Locke.
A man of sorrows and acquainted with grief.
Isa. liii. 3.
2. To communicate notice to; to inform; to make
cognizant; -- followed by with (formerly, also, by
of), or by that, introducing the
intelligence; as, to acquaint a friend with the
particulars of an act.
Acquaint her here of my son Paris' love.
Shak.
I must acquaint you that I have received
New dated letters from Northumberland.
Shak.
3. To familiarize; to accustom.
[Obs.]
Evelyn.
To be acquainted with, to be possessed of
personal knowledge of; to be cognizant of; to be more or less
familiar with; to be on terms of social intercourse
with.
Syn. -- To inform; apprise; communicate; advise.
Ac*quaint"a*ble (#), a. [Cf.
OF. acointable]. Easy to be acquainted
with; affable. [Obs.]
Rom. of R.
Ac*quaint"ance (#), n. [OE.
aqueintance, OF. acointance, fr.
acointier. See Acquaint.] 1.
A state of being acquainted, or of having intimate, or more
than slight or superficial, knowledge; personal knowledge gained
by intercourse short of that of friendship or intimacy; as, I
know the man; but have no acquaintance with
him.
Contract no friendship, or even acquaintance, with
a guileful man.
Sir W. Jones.
2. A person or persons with whom one is
acquainted.
Montgomery was an old acquaintance of Ferguson.
Macaulay.
acquaintance was formerly both singular and plural,
but it is now commonly singular, and has the regular plural
acquaintances.
To be of acquaintance, to be intimate. --
To take acquaintance of or
with, to make the acquaintance of.
[Obs.]
Syn. -- Familiarity; intimacy; fellowship; knowledge.
-- Acquaintance, Familiarity,
Intimacy. These words mark different degrees of
closeness in social intercourse. Acquaintance arises
from occasional intercourse; as, our acquaintance has
been a brief one. We can speak of a slight or an intimate
acquaintance. Familiarity is the result of
continued acquaintance. It springs from persons being
frequently together, so as to wear off all restraint and reserve;
as, the familiarity of old companions.
Intimacy is the result of close connection, and the
freest interchange of thought; as, the intimacy of
established friendship.
Our admiration of a famous man lessens upon our nearer
acquaintance with him.
Addison.
We contract at last such a familiarity with them as
makes it difficult and irksome for us to call off our minds.
Atterbury.
It is in our power to confine our friendships and
intimacies to men of virtue.
Rogers.
Ac*quaint"ance*ship, n. A state of being
acquainted; acquaintance.
Southey.
Ac*quaint"ant (#), n. [Cf. F.
acointant, p. pr.] An acquaintance.
[R.]
Swift.
Ac*quaint"ed, a. Personally known;
familiar. See To be acquainted with, under
Acquaint, v. t.
Ac*quaint"ed*ness, n. State of being
acquainted; degree of acquaintance. [R.]
Boyle.
Ac*quest" (#), n. [OF.
aquest, F. acqu\'88t, fr. LL.
acquestum, acquis\'c6tum, for L.
acquis\'c6tum, p. p. (used substantively) of
acquirere to acquire. See Acquire.]
1. Acquisition; the thing gained.
[R.]
Bacon.
2. (Law) Property acquired by purchase,
gift, or otherwise than by inheritance.
Bouvier.
Ac`qui*esce" (#), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Acquiesced
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Acquiescing
(#)] [L. acquiescere;
ad + quiescere to be quiet, fr. quies rest:
cf. F. acquiescer. See Quiet.]
1. To rest satisfied, or apparently satisfied, or
to rest without opposition and discontent (usually implying
previous opposition or discontent); to accept or consent by
silence or by omitting to object; -- followed by in,
formerly also by with and to.
They were compelled to acquiesce in a government
which they did not regard as just.
De Quincey.
2. To concur upon conviction; as, to
acquiesce in an opinion; to assent to; usually, to
concur, not heartily but so far as to forbear opposition.
Syn. -- To submit; comply; yield; assent; agree; consent;
accede; concur; conform; accept tacitly.
Ac`qui*es"cence (#), n. [Cf. F.
acquiescence.]
1. A silent or passive assent or submission, or a
submission with apparent content; -- distinguished from avowed
consent on the one hand, and on the other, from opposition or
open discontent; quiet satisfaction.
2. (Crim. Law) (a) Submission
to an injury by the party injured. (b) Tacit
concurrence in the action of another.
Wharton.
p. 17
Ac`qui*es"cen*cy (#), n. The
quality of being acquiescent; acquiescence.
Ac`qui*es"cent (#), a. [L.
acquiescens, -/entis; p. pr.]
Resting satisfied or submissive; disposed tacitly to submit;
assentive; as, an acquiescent policy.
Ac`qui*es"cent*ly, adv. In an
acquiescent manner.
Ac*qui"et (#), v. t. [LL.
acquietare; L. ad + quies rest. See
Quiet and cf. Acquit.] To
quiet. [Obs.]
Acquiet his mind from stirring you against your own
peace.
Sir A. Sherley.
Ac*quir"a*bil"i*ty (#), n. The
quality of being acquirable; attainableness.
[R.]
Paley.
Ac*quir"a*ble (#), a. Capable
of being acquired.
Ac*quire" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Acquired
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Acquiring
(#).] [L. acquirere,
acquisitum; ad + quarere to seek for. In
OE. was a verb aqueren, fr. the same, through OF.
aquerre. See Quest..] To gain,
usually by one's own exertions; to get as one's own; as, to
acquire a title, riches, knowledge, skill, good or bad
habits.
No virtue is acquired in an instant, but step by
step.
Barrow.
Descent is the title whereby a man, on the death of his
ancestor, acquires his estate, by right of
representation, as his heir at law.
Blackstone.
Syn. -- To obtain; gain; attain; procure; win; earn; secure.
See Obtain.
Ac*quire"ment (#), n. The act
of acquiring, or that which is acquired; attainment.
\'bdRules for the acquirement of a taste.\'b8
Addison.
His acquirements by industry were . . . enriched
and enlarged by many excellent endowments of nature.
Hayward.
Syn. -- Acquisition, Acquirement.
Acquirement is used in opposition to a natural
gift or talent; as, eloquence, and skill in music and painting,
are acquirements; genius is the gift or endowment of
nature. It denotes especially personal attainments, in
opposition to material or external things gained, which are more
usually called acquisitions; but this distinction is
not always observed.
Ac*quir"er (#), n. A person who
acquires.
Ac*quir"y (#), n.
Acquirement. [Obs.]
Barrow.
Ac"qui*site (#), a. [L.
acquisitus, p. p. of acquirere. See
Acquire.] Acquired. [Obs.]
Burton.
Ac`qui*si"tion (#), n. [L.
acquisitio, fr. acquirere: cf. F.
acquisition. See Acquire.] 1.
The act or process of acquiring.
The acquisition or loss of a province.
Macaulay.
2. The thing acquired or gained; an acquirement; a
gain; as, learning is an acquisition.
Syn. -- See Acquirement.
Ac*quis"i*tive (#), a. 1.
Acquired. [Obs.]
He died not in his acquisitive, but in his native
soil.
Wotton.
2. Able or disposed to make acquisitions;
acquiring; as, an acquisitive person or
disposition.
Ac*quis"i*tive*ly, adv. In the way of
acquisition.
Ac*quis"i*tive*ness, n. 1. The
quality of being acquisitive; propensity to acquire property;
desire of possession.
2. (Phren.) The faculty to which the
phrenologists attribute the desire of acquiring and
possessing.
Combe.
Ac*quis"i*tor (#), n. One who
acquires.
Ac*quist" (#), n. [Cf.
Acquest.] Acquisition; gain.
Milton.
Ac*quit" (#), p. p. Acquitted;
set free; rid of. [Archaic]
Shak.
Ac*quit", v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Acquitted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Acquitting.] [OE. aquiten,
OF. aquiter, F. acquitter; /
(L. ad) + OF. quiter, F.
quitter, to quit. See Quit, and cf.
Acquiet.] 1. To discharge, as a
claim or debt; to clear off; to pay off; to requite.
A responsibility that can never be absolutely
acquitted.
I. Taylor.
2. To pay for; to atone for.
[Obs.]
Shak.
3. To set free, release or discharge from an
obligation, duty, liability, burden, or from an accusation or
charge; -- now followed by of before the charge,
formerly by from; as, the jury acquitted
the prisoner; we acquit a man of evil
intentions.
4. Reflexively: (a) To clear one's
self.k. (b) To bear or conduct one's self; to
perform one's part; as, the soldier acquitted
himself well in battle; the orator acquitted himself
very poorly.
Syn. -- To absolve; clear; exonerate; exonerate; exculpate;
release; discharge. See Absolve.
Ac*quit"ment (#), n. [Cf. OF.
aquitement.] Acquittal.
[Obs.]
Milton.
Ac*quit"tal (#), n. 1.
The act of acquitting; discharge from debt or obligation;
acquittance.
2. (Law) A setting free, or deliverance
from the charge of an offense, by verdict of a jury or sentence
of a court.
Bouvier.
Ac*quit"tance (#), n. [OF.
aquitance, fr. aquiter. See
Acquit.] 1. The clearing off of debt
or obligation; a release or discharge from debt or other
liability.
2. A writing which is evidence of a discharge; a
receipt in full, which bars a further demand.
You can produce acquittances
For such a sum, from special officers.
Shak.
Ac*quit"tance, v. t. To acquit.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Ac*quit"ter (#), n. One who
acquits or releases.
\'d8A*cra"ni*a (#), n. [NL.,
from Gr. / priv. + / skull.] 1.
(Physiol.) Partial or total absence of the
skull.
2. pl. (Zo\'94l.) The lowest
group of Vertebrata, including the amphioxus, in which no skull
exists.
A*cra"ni*al (#), a. Wanting a
skull.
{ A*crase", A*craze" }
(#), v. t. [Pref. a- +
crase; or cf. F. \'82craser to crush. See
Crase, Craze.]
1. To craze. [Obs.]
Grafton.
2. To impair; to destroy. [Obs.]
Hacket.
{ \'d8A*cra"si*a (#), Ac"ra*sy
(#) } n. [Gr.
akrasia.] Excess; intemperance.
[Obs. except in Med.]
Farindon.
\'d8A*cras"pe*da (#), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / priv. + / border.]
(Zo\'94l.) A group of acalephs, including most of
the larger jellyfishes; the Discophora.
A"cre (#), n. [OE.
aker, AS. \'91cer; akin to OS.
accar, OHG. achar, Ger. acker,
Icel. akr, Sw. \'86ker, Dan.
ager, Goth. akrs, L. ager, Gr.
/, Skr. ajra. \'fb2, 206.] 1.
Any field of arable or pasture land.
[Obs.]
2. A piece of land, containing 160 square rods, or
4,840 square yards, or 43,560 square feet. This is the English
statute acre. That of the United States is the same. The Scotch
acre was about 1.26 of the English, and the Irish 1.62
of the English.
acre was limited to its present
definite quantity by statutes of Edward I., Edward III., and
Henry VIII.
Broad acres, many acres, much landed estate.
[Rhetorical] -- God's acre,
God's field; the churchyard.
I like that ancient Saxon phrase, which calls
The burial ground, God's acre.
Longfellow.
A"cre*a*ble (#), a. Of an acre;
per acre; as, the acreable produce.
A"cre*age (#), n. Acres
collectively; as, the acreage of a farm or a
country.
A"cred (#), a. Possessing acres
or landed property; -- used in composition; as,
large-acred men.
Ac"rid (#), a. [L.
acer sharp; prob. assimilated in form to
acid. See Eager.] 1.
Sharp and harsh, or bitter and not, to the taste; pungent;
as, acrid salts.
2. Causing heat and irritation; corrosive; as,
acrid secretions.
3. Caustic; bitter; bitterly irritating; as,
acrid temper, mind, writing.
Acrid poison, a poison which irritates,
corrodes, or burns the parts to which it is applied.
{ A*crid"i*ty (#), Ac"rid*ness
(#) } n. The quality of being
acrid or pungent; irritant bitterness; acrimony; as, the
acridity of a plant, of a speech.
Ac"rid*ly (#), adv. In an acid
manner.
Ac"ri*mo"ni*ous (#), a. [Cf.
LL. acrimonious, F. acrimonieux.]
1. Acrid; corrosive; as, acrimonious
gall. [Archaic]
Harvey.
2. Caustic; bitter-tempered' sarcastic; as,
acrimonious dispute, language, temper.
Ac`ri*mo"ni*ous*ly, adv. In an
acrimonious manner.
Ac`ri*mo"ni*ous*ness, n. The quality of
being acrimonious; asperity; acrimony.
Ac"ri*mo*ny (#), n.; pl.
Acrimonies (#). [L.
acrimonia, fr. acer, sharp: cf. F.
acrimonie.] 1. A quality of bodies
which corrodes or destroys others; also, a harsh or biting
sharpness; as, the acrimony of the juices of certain
plants. [Archaic]
Bacon.
2. Sharpness or severity, as of language or temper;
irritating bitterness of disposition or manners.
John the Baptist set himself with much acrimony and
indignation to baffle this senseless arrogant conceit of
theirs.
South.
Syn. -- Acrimony, Asperity,
Harshness, Tartness. These words
express different degrees of angry feeling or language.
Asperity and harshness arise from angry
feelings, connected with a disregard for the feelings of others.
Harshness usually denotes needless severity or an
undue measure of severity. Acrimony is a biting
sharpness produced by an imbittered spirit. Tartness
denotes slight asperity and implies some degree of intellectual
readiness. Tartness of reply; harshness of
accusation; acrimony of invective.
In his official letters he expressed, with great
acrimony, his contempt for the king's character.
Macaulay.
It is no very cynical asperity not to confess
obligations where no benefit has been received.
Johnson.
A just reverence of mankind prevents the growth of
harshness and brutality.
Shaftesbury.
{ \'d8A*cris"i*a (#), Ac"ri*sy
(#), } n. [LL. acrisia,
Gr. /; / priv. + / to separate, to decide.]
1. Inability to judge.
2. (Med.) Undecided character of a
disease. [Obs.]
\'d8Ac"ri*ta (#), n. pl. [NL.,
from Gr. / indiscernible; / priv. + / to
distinguish.] (Zo\'94l.) The lowest groups
of animals, in which no nervous system has been observed.
Ac"ri*tan (#), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Acrita. --
n. An individual of the Acrita.
Ac"rite (#), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Acritan.
Owen.
A*crit"ic*al (#), a. [Gr. /
priv. + / critical.] (Med.) Having no
crisis; giving no indications of a crisis; as,
acritical symptoms, an acritical
abscess.
Ac`ri*to*chro"ma*cy (#), n.
[Gr. / undistinguishable; / priv. + / to separate,
distinguish + / color.] Color blindness;
achromatopsy.
Ac"ri*tude (#), n. [L.
acritudo, from acer sharp.]
Acridity; pungency joined with heat.
[Obs.]
Ac"ri*ty (#), n. [L.
acritas, fr. acer sharp: cf. F.
\'83cret\'82.] Sharpness; keenness.
[Obs.]
{ Ac`ro*a*mat"ic (#),
Ac`ro*a*mat"ic*al (#), } a.
[Gr. /, fr. / to hear.] Communicated orally;
oral; -- applied to the esoteric teachings of
Aristotle, those intended for his genuine disciples, in
distinction from his exoteric doctrines, which were
adapted to outsiders or the public generally. Hence: Abstruse;
profound.
Ac`ro*at"ic (#), a. [Gr. /,
fr. / to hear.] Same as Acroamatic.
Ac"ro*bat (#), n. [F.
acrobate, fr. Gr. / walking on tiptoe, climbing
aloft; / high + / to go.] One who practices rope
dancing, high vaulting, or other daring gymnastic feats.
Ac`ro*bat"ic (#), a. [Cf. F.
acrobatique.] Pertaining to an
acrobat.
-- Ac`ro*bat"ic*al*ly,
adv.
Ac"ro*bat*ism (#), n. Feats of
the acrobat; daring gymnastic feats; high vaulting.
Ac`ro*car"pous (#), a. [Gr. /
extreme, highest + / fruit.] (Bot.)
(a) Having a terminal fructification; having the
fruit at the end of the stalk. (b) Having the
fruit stalks at the end of a leafy stem, as in certain
mosses.
Ac`ro*ce*phal"ic (#), a. [Gr.
/ highest + /. See Cephalic.]
Characterized by a high skull.
Ac`ro*ceph"a*ly (#), n.
Loftiness of skull.
Ac`ro*ce*rau"ni*an (#), a. [L.
acroceraunius, fr. Gr. / high, n. pl. / heights +
/ thunderbolt.] Of or pertaining to the high
mountain range of \'bdthunder-smitten\'b8 peaks (now Kimara),
between Epirus and Macedonia.
Shelley.
\'d8Ac`ro*dac"tyl*um (#), n.
[NL., from Gr. / topmost + / finger.]
(Zo\'94l.) The upper surface of the toes,
individually.
Ac"ro*dont (#), n. [Gr. /
summit + /, /, a tooth.] (Zo\'94l.) One
of a group of lizards having the teeth immovably united to the
top of the alveolar ridge. -- a. Of or pertaining to
the acrodonts.
Ac"ro*gen (#), n. [Gr. /
extreme, high + -gen.]
Ac"ro*gen (#), n. [Gr. /
extreme, high + -gen.] (Bot.) A
plant of the highest class of cryptograms, including the ferns,
etc. See Cryptogamia.
The Age of Acrogens (Geol.), the
age of coal plants, or the carboniferous era.
Ac*rog"e*nous (#), a.
(Bot.) Increasing by growth from the extremity;
as, an acrogenous plant.
A*cro"le*in (#), n. [L.
acer sharp + ol\'c7re to smell.]
(Chem.) A limpid, colorless, highly volatile
liquid, obtained by the dehydration of glycerin, or the
destructive distillation of neutral fats containing glycerin. Its
vapors are intensely irritating.
Watts.
Ac"ro*lith (#), n. [L.
acrolthus, Gr. / with the ends made of
stone; / extreme + / stone.] (Arch. &
Sculp.) A statue whose extremities are of stone, the
trunk being generally of wood.
Elmes.
{ A*crol"i*than (#),
Ac`ro*lith"ic (#), } a.
Pertaining to, or like, an acrolith.
Ac`ro*meg"a*ly (#), n. [NL.
acromegalia, fr. Gr. / point, peak + /, /,
big.] (Med.) Chronic enlargement of the
extremities and face.
A*cro"mi*al (#), a. [Cf. F.
acromial.] (Anat.) Of or
pertaining to the acromion.
Dunglison.
\'d8A*cro"mi*on (#), n. [Gr.
/; / extreme + / shoulder: cf. F.
acromion.] (Anat.) The outer
extremity of the shoulder blade.
Ac`ro*mon`o*gram*mat"ic (#), a.
[Gr. / extreme + / alone + / a letter.]
Having each verse begin with the same letter as that with
which the preceding verse ends.
{ A*cron"yc (#), A*cron"ych*al
(#), } a. [Gr. / at nightfall;
/ + / night.] (Astron.) Rising at
sunset and setting at sunrise, as a star; -- opposed to
cosmical.
acronical, achronychal,
acronichal, and acronical.
A*cron"yc*al*ly, adv. In an acronycal
manner as rising at the setting of the sun, and vise
vers\'83.
Ac"ro*nyc"tous (#), a. [Gr.
/; / + /, /, night.] (Astron.)
Acronycal.
A*crook" (#), adv.
Crookedly. [R.]
Udall.
A*crop"e*tal (#), a. [Gr. /
summit + L. petere to seek.] (Bot.)
Developing from below towards the apex, or from the
circumference towards the center; centripetal; -- said of certain
inflorescence.
A*chroph"o*ny (#), n. [Gr. /
extreme + / sound.] The use of a picture symbol of
an object to represent phonetically the initial sound of the name
of the object.
\'d8Ac`ro*po"di*um (#), n. [Gr.
/ topmost + /, /, foot.] (Zo\'94l.)
The entire upper surface of the foot.
A*crop"o*lis (#), n. [Gr. /;
/ extreme + / city.] The upper part, or the
citadel, of a Grecian city; especially, the citadel of
Athens.
Ac"ro*pol"i*tan (#), a.
Pertaining to an acropolis.
Ac"ro*spire (#), n. [Gr. / +
/ anything twisted.] (Bot.) The sprout at
the end of a seed when it begins to germinate; the plumule in
germination; -- so called from its spiral form.
Ac"ro*spire, v. i. To put forth the
first sprout.
Ac"ro*spore (#), n. [Gr. / +
/ fruit.] (Bot.) A spore borne at the
extremity of the cells of fructification in fungi.
Ac"ro*spor"ous (#), a. Having
acrospores.
A*cross" (#; 115), prep. [Pref.
a- + cross: cf. F. en croix. See
Cross, n.] From side to side; athwart;
crosswise, or in a direction opposed to the length; quite over;
as, a bridge laid across a river.
Dryden.
To come across, to come upon or meet
incidentally. Freeman. -- To go across the
country, to go by a direct course across a region
without following the roads.
A*cross", adv. 1. From side to
side; crosswise; as, with arms folded
across.
Shak.
2. Obliquely; athwart; amiss; awry.
[Obs.]
The squint-eyed Pharisees look across at all the
actions of Christ.
Bp. Hall.
A*cros"tic (#) (#), n.
[Gr. /; / extreme + / order, line, verse.]
1. A composition, usually in verse, in which the
first or the last letters of the lines, or certain other letters,
taken in order, form a name, word, phrase, or motto.
2. A Hebrew poem in which the lines or stanzas
begin with the letters of the alphabet in regular order (as Psalm
cxix.). See Abecedarian.
Double acrostic, a species of enigma<--
crossword puzzle -->, in which words are to be guessed whose
initial and final letters form other words.
{ A*cros"tic (#), A*cros"ti*al
(#), } n. Pertaining to, or
characterized by, acrostics.
A*cros"tic*al*ly, adv. After the manner
of an acrostic.
\'d8Ac`ro*tar"si*um (#), n.
[NL., from Gr. / topmost + / tarsus.]
(Zo\'94l.) The instep or front of the
tarsus.
<-- p. 18 -->
Ac`ro*te*leu"tic (#), n. [Gr.
/ extreme + / end.] (Eccles.) The end
of a verse or psalm, or something added thereto, to be sung by
the people, by way of a response.
Ac"ro*ter (#), n. [F.
acrot\'8are. See Acroterium.]
(Arch.) Same as Acroterium.
Ac`ro*te"ri*al (#), a.
Pertaining to an acroterium; as, ornaments.
P. Cyc.
\'d8Ac`ro*te`ri*um (#), n.; pl.
Acrotplwia (#). [L., fr. Gr. /
summit, fr. / topmost.] (Arch.) (a)
One of the small pedestals, for statues or other ornaments,
placed on the apex and at the basal angles of a pediment.
Acroteria are also sometimes placed upon the gables in Gothic
architecture. J. H. Parker. (b) One
of the pedestals, for vases or statues, forming a part roof
balustrade.
A*crot"ic (#), a. [Gr. / an
extreme, fr. /.] (Med.) Pertaining to or
affecting the surface.
Ac"ro*tism (#), n. [Gr. /
priv. + / a rattling, beating.] (Med.)
Lack or defect of pulsation.
A*crot"o*mous (#), a. [Gr. /
cut off sharp; / extreme + / to cut.] (Min.)
Having a cleavage parallel with the base.
A*cryl"ic (#), a. (Chem.)
Of or containing acryl, the hypothetical radical
of which acrolein is the hydride; as, acrylic
acid.
Act (#), n. [L.
actus, fr. agere to drive, do: cf. F.
acte. See Agent.] 1. That
which is done or doing; the exercise of power, or the effect, of
which power exerted is the cause; a performance; a deed.
That best portion of a good man's life,
His little, nameless, unremembered acts
Of kindness and of love.
Wordsworth.
Hence, in specific uses: (a) The result of public
deliberation; the decision or determination of a legislative
body, council, court of justice, etc.; a decree, edit, law,
judgment, resolve, award; as, an act of Parliament,
or of Congress. (b) A formal solemn
writing, expressing that something has been done.
Abbott. (c) A performance of part of a
play; one of the principal divisions of a play or dramatic work
in which a certain definite part of the action is
completed. (d) A thesis maintained in public,
in some English universities, by a candidate for a degree, or to
show the proficiency of a student.
2. A state of reality or real existence as opposed
to a possibility or possible existence. [Obs.]
The seeds of plants are not at first in act, but in
possibility, what they afterward grow to be.
Hooker.
3. Process of doing; action. In act, in
the very doing; on the point of (doing). \'bdIn
act to shoot.\'b8
Dryden.
This woman was taken . . . in the very act.
John viii. 4.
Act of attainder. (Law) See
Attainder. -- Act of bankruptcy
(Law), an act of a debtor which renders him liable
to be adjudged a bankrupt. -- Act of faith.
(Ch. Hist.) See Auto-da-F\'82. --
Act of God (Law), an inevitable
accident; such extraordinary interruption of the usual course of
events as is not to be looked for in advance, and against which
ordinary prudence could not guard. -- Act of
grace, an expression often used to designate an act
declaring pardon or amnesty to numerous offenders, as at the
beginning of a new reign. -- Act of indemnity,
a statute passed for the protection of those who have
committed some illegal act subjecting them to penalties.
Abbott. -- Act in pais, a thing done out
of court (anciently, in the country), and not a matter
of record.
Syn. -- See Action.
Act, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Acted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Acting.] [L. actus, p. p. of
agere to drive, lead, do; but influenced by E.
act, n.] 1. To move to action; to
actuate; to animate. [Obs.]
Self-love, the spring of motion, acts the soul.
Pope.
2. To perform; to execute; to do.
[Archaic]
That we act our temporal affairs with a desire no
greater than our necessity.
Jer. Taylor.
Industry doth beget by producing good habits, and facility of
acting things expedient for us to do.
Barrow.
Uplifted hands that at convenient times
Could act extortion and the worst of crimes.
Cowper.
3. To perform, as an actor; to represent
dramatically on the stage.
4. To assume the office or character of; to play;
to personate; as, to act the hero.
5. To feign or counterfeit; to simulate.
With acted fear the villain thus pursued.
Dryden.
To act a part, to sustain the part of one of
the characters in a play; hence, to simulate; to dissemble.
-- To act the part of, to take the character of;
to fulfill the duties of.
Act, v. i. 1. To exert power;
to produce an effect; as, the stomach acts upon
food.
2. To perform actions; to fulfill functions; to put
forth energy; to move, as opposed to remaining at rest; to carry
into effect a determination of the will.
He hangs between, in doubt to act or rest.
Pope.
3. To behave or conduct, as in morals, private
duties, or public offices; to bear or deport one's self; as,
we know not why he has acted so.
4. To perform on the stage; to represent a
character.
To show the world how Garrick did not act.
Cowper.
To act as for, to do the
work of; to serve as. -- To act on, to
regulate one's conduct according to. -- To act up
to, to equal in action; to fulfill in practice; as,
he has acted up to his engagement or his
advantages.<-- to act up, to misbehave -->
Act"a*ble (#), a. Capable of
being acted.
Tennyson.
Ac"ti*nal (#), a. [Gr. /,
/, ray.] (Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to the
part of a radiate animal which contains the mouth.
L. Agassiz.
\'d8Ac`ti*na"ri*a (#), n. pl.
[NL., from Gr. /, /, ray.] (Zo\'94l.)
A large division of Anthozoa, including those which have
simple tentacles and do not form stony corals. Sometimes, in a
wider sense, applied to all the Anthozoa, expert the Alcyonaria,
whether forming corals or not.
Act"ing (#), a. 1.
Operating in any way.
2. Doing duty for another; officiating; as, an
superintendent.
\'d8Ac*tin"i*a (#), n.; pl. L.
Actini\'91 (#), E. Actinias
(#). [Latinized fr. Gr. /, /, ray.]
(Zo\'94l.) (a) An animal of the class
Anthozoa, and family Actinid\'91. From a resemblance
to flowers in form and color, they are often called
animal flowers and sea
anemones. [See Polyp.]. (b)
A genus in the family Actinid\'91.
Ac*tin"ic (#), a. Of or
pertaining to actinism; as, actinic rays.
Ac*tin"i*form (#), a. [Gr. /,
/, ray + -form.] Having a radiated form,
like a sea anemone.
Ac"tin*ism (#), n. [Gr. /,
/ ray.] The property of radiant energy (found
chiefly in solar or electric light) by which chemical changes are
produced, as in photography.
Ac*tin"i*um (#), n. [Gr. /,
/, ray.] (Chem.) A supposed metal, said
by Phipson to be contained in commercial zinc; -- so called
because certain of its compounds are darkened by exposure to
light.
Ac`ti*no-chem"is*try (#), n.
Chemistry in its relations to actinism.
Draper.
Ac*tin"o*graph (#), n. [Gr.
/, /, ray + -graph.] An instrument for
measuring and recording the variations in the actinic
or chemical force of rays of light.
Nichol.
Ac"tin*oid (#), a. [Gr. /,
/, ray + -oid.] Having the form of rays;
radiated, as an actinia.
Ac*tin"o*lite (#), n. [Gr. /,
/, ray + -lite.] (Min.) A
bright green variety of amphibole occurring usually in fibrous or
columnar masses.
Ac`tin*o*lit"ic (#), a.
(Min.) Of the nature of, or containing,
actinolite.
Ac`ti*nol"o*gy (#), n. [Gr.
/, /, ray + -logy.] The science which
treats of rays of light, especially of the actinic or chemical
rays.
Ac*tin"o*mere (#), n. [Gr. /,
/, ray + / part.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the
radial segments composing the body of one of the
C\'d2lenterata.
Ac`ti*nom"e*ter (#), n. [Gr.
/, /, ray + -meter] (a) An
instrument for measuring the direct heating power of the sun's
rays. (b) An instrument for measuring the
actinic effect of rays of light.
Ac`ti*no*met"ric (#), a.
Pertaining to the measurement of the intensity of the solar
rays, either (a) heating, or (b) actinic.
Ac`ti*nom"e*try (#), n. 1.
The measurement of the force of solar radiation.
Maury.
2. The measurement of the chemical or actinic
energy of light.
Abney.
Ac`ti*noph"o*rous (#), a. [Gr.
/, /, ray + / to bear.] Having straight
projecting spines.
Ac*tin"o*some (#), n. [Gr. /
ray + / body.] (Zo\'94l.) The entire body
of a c\'d2lenterate.
Ac"tin*ost (#), n. [Gr. /,
/, ray + / bone.] (Anat.) One of the bones at the
base of a paired fin of a fish.
Ac*tin"o*stome (#), n. [Gr.
/, /, a ray + / mouth.] (Zo\'94l.)
The mouth or anterior opening of a c\'d2lenterate
animal.
\'d8Ac`ti*not"ro*cha (#), n. pl.
[NL.; Gr. /, /, a ray + / a ring.]
(Zo\'94l.) A peculiar larval form of
Phoronis, a genus of marine worms, having a circle of
ciliated tentacles.
\'d8Ac"ti*no*zo"a (#), n. pl.
[Gr. /, /, ray + / animal.]
(Zo\'94l.) A group of C\'d2lenterata, comprising
the Anthozoa Ctenophora. The sea anemone, or actinia, is a
familiar example.
Ac`ti*no*zo"al (#), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the
Actinozoa.
\'d8Ac"ti*no*zo"\'94n (#), n.
(Zo\'94l.) One of the Actinozoa.
\'d8Ac*tin"u*la (#), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. /, /, a ray.] (Zo\'94l.)
A kind of embryo of certain hydroids (Tubularia),
having a stellate form.
Ac"tion (#), n. [OF.
action, L. actio, fr. agere to
do. See Act.] 1. A process or
condition of acting or moving, as opposed to rest; the doing of
something; exertion of power or force, as when one body acts on
another; the effect of power exerted on one body by another;
agency; activity; operation; as, the action of heat;
a man of action.
One wise in council, one in action brave.
Pope.
2. An act; a thing done; a deed; an enterprise.
(pl.): Habitual deeds; hence, conduct; behavior;
demeanor.
The Lord is a Good of knowledge, and by him actions
are weighed.
1 Sam. ii. 3.
3. The event or connected series of events, either
real or imaginary, forming the subject of a play, poem, or other
composition; the unfolding of the drama of events.
4. Movement; as, the horse has a spirited
action.
5. (Mech.) Effective motion; also,
mechanism; as, the breech action of a
gun.
6. (Physiol.) Any one of the active
processes going on in an organism; the performance of a function;
as, the action of the heart, the muscles, or the
gastric juice.
7. (Orat.) Gesticulation; the external
deportment of the speaker, or the suiting of his attitude, voice,
gestures, and countenance, to the subject, or to the
feelings.
8. (Paint. & Sculp.) The attitude or
position of the several parts of the body as expressive of the
sentiment or passion depicted.
9. (Law) (a) A suit or process,
by which a demand is made of a right in a court of justice; in a
broad sense, a judicial proceeding for the enforcement or
protection of a right, the redress or prevention of a wrong, or
the punishment of a public offense. (b) A
right of action; as, the law gives an action for
every claim.
10. (Com.)A share in the capital stock
of a joint-stock company, or in the public funds; hence, in the
plural, equivalent to stocks. [A Gallicism]
[Obs.]
The Euripus of funds and actions.
Burke.
11. An engagement between troops in war, whether on
land or water; a battle; a fight; as, a general
action, a partial action.
12. (Music) The mechanical contrivance
by means of which the impulse of the player's finger is
transmitted to the strings of a pianoforte or to the valve of an
organ pipe.
Grove.
Chose in action. (Law) See
Chose. -- Quantity of action
(Physics), the product of the mass of a body by
the space it runs through, and its velocity.
Syn. -- Action, Act. In many
cases action and act are synonymous; but
some distinction is observable. Action involves the
mode or process of acting, and is usually viewed as occupying
some time in doing. Act has more reference to the
effect, or the operation as complete.
To poke the fire is an act, to reconcile friends
who have quarreled is a praiseworthy action.
C. J. Smith.
Ac"tion*a*ble (#), a. [Cf. LL.
actionabilis. See Action.] That
may be the subject of an action or suit at law; as, to call a
man a thief is actionable.
Ac"tion*a*bly, adv. In an actionable
manner.
{ Ac"tion*a*ry (#), Ac"tion*ist
(#), } n. [Cf. F.
actionnaire.] (Com.) A
shareholder in joint-stock company. [Obs.]
Ac"tion*less, a. Void of action.
Ac"ti*vate (#), v. t. To make
active. [Obs.]
Ac"tive (#), a. [F.
actif, L. activus, fr. agere to
act.] 1. Having the power or quality of
acting; causing change; communicating action or motion; acting;
-- opposed to passive, that receives; as, certain
active principles; the powers of the mind.
2. Quick in physical movement; of an agile and
vigorous body; nimble; as, an active child or
animal.
Active and nervous was his gait.
Wordsworth.
3. In action; actually proceeding; working; in
force; -- opposed to quiescent,
dormant, or extinct; as,
active laws; active hostilities; an
active volcano.
4. Given to action; constantly engaged in action;
energetic; diligent; busy; -- opposed to dull,
sluggish, indolent, or inert;
as, an active man of business; active mind;
active zeal.
5. Requiring or implying action or exertion; --
opposed to sedentary or to tranquil;
as, active employment or service; active
scenes.
6. Given to action rather than contemplation;
practical; operative; -- opposed to speculative or
theoretical; as, an active rather than a
speculative statesman.
7. Brisk; lively; as, an active demand
for corn.
8. Implying or producing rapid action; as, an
active disease; an active remedy.
9. (Gram.) (a) Applied to a
form of the verb; -- opposed to passive. See
Active voice, under Voice.
(b) Applied to verbs which assert that the subject
acts upon or affects something else; transitive.
(c) Applied to all verbs that express action as
distinct from mere existence or state.
Active capital, Active
wealth, money, or property that may readily be
converted into money.
Syn. -- Agile; alert; brisk; vigorous; nimble; lively;
quick; sprightly; prompt; energetic.
Ac"tive*ly, adv. 1. In an
active manner; nimbly; briskly; energetically; also, by one's own
action; voluntarily, not passively.
2. (Gram.) In an active signification;
as, a word used actively.
Ac"tive*ness, n. The quality of being
active; nimbleness; quickness of motion; activity.
Ac*tiv"i*ty (#), n.; pl.
Activities (#). [Cf. F.
activit\'82, LL. activitas.] The
state or quality of being active; nimbleness; agility; vigorous
action or operation; energy; active force; as, an increasing
variety of human activities. \'bdThe
activity of toil.\'b8
Palfrey.
Syn. -- Liveliness; briskness; quickness.
Act"less (#), a. Without action
or spirit. [R.]
Ac"ton (#), n. [OF.
aketon, auqueton, F. hoqueton, a
quilted jacket, fr. Sp. alcoton, algodon,
cotton. Cf. Cotton.] A stuffed jacket worn
under the mail, or (later) a jacket plated with mail.
[Spelled also hacqueton.]
[Obs.]
Halliwell. Sir W. Scott.
Ac"tor (#), n. [L.
actor, fr. agere to act.] 1.
One who acts, or takes part in any affair; a doer.
2. A theatrical performer; a stageplayer.
After a well graced actor leaves the stage.
Shak.
3. (Law) (a) An advocate or
proctor in civil courts or causes. Jacobs.
(b) One who institutes a suit; plaintiff or
complainant.
Ac`tress (#), n. [Cf. F.
actrice.] 1. A female actor or
doer. [Obs.]
Cockeram.
2. A female stageplayer; a woman who acts a
part.
Ac"tu*al (#; 135), a. [OE.
actuel, F. actuel, L. actualis,
fr. agere to do, act.] 1.
Involving or comprising action; active.
[Obs.]
Her walking and other actual performances.
Shak.
Let your holy and pious intention be actual; that
is . . . by a special prayer or action, . . . given to God.
Jer. Taylor.
2. Existing in act or reality; really acted or
acting; in fact; real; -- opposed to potential,
possible, virtual, speculative,
coceivable, theoretical, or
nominal; as, the actual cost of goods;
the actual case under discussion.
3. In action at the time being; now exiting;
present; as the actual situation of the country.
Actual cautery. See under
Cautery. -- Actual sin
(Theol.), that kind of sin which is done by
ourselves in contradistinction to \'bdoriginal
sin.\'b8
Syn. -- Real; genuine; positive; certain. See
Real.
<-- p. 19 -->
Ac"tu*al (#), n.
(Finance) Something actually received; real, as
distinct from estimated, receipts. [Cant]
The accounts of revenues supplied . . . were not real
receipts: not, in financial language, \'bdactuals,\'b8
but only Egyptian budget estimates.
Fortnightly Review.
Ac"tu*al*ist, n. One who deals with or
considers actually existing facts and conditions, rather than
fancies or theories; -- opposed to idealist.
J. Grote.
Ac`tu*al"i*ty (#), n.; pl.
Actualities (#). The state of
being actual; reality; as, the actuality of God's
nature.
South.
Ac`tu*al*i*za"tion (#), n. A
making actual or really existent. [R.]
Emerson.
Ac"tu*al*ize (#), v. t. To make
actual; to realize in action. [R.]
Coleridge.
Ac"tu*al*ly, adv. 1.
Actively. [Obs.] \'bdNeither
actually . . . nor passively.\'b8
Fuller.
2. In act or in fact; really; in truth;
positively.
Ac"tu*al*ness, n. Quality of being
actual; actuality.
Ac`tu*a"ri*al (#), a. Of or
pertaining to actuaries; as, the actuarial value of
an annuity.
Ac"tu*a*ry (#), n.; pl.
Actuaries (#). [L.
actuarius copyist, clerk, fr. actus, p. p.
of agere to do, act.] 1.
(Law) A registar or clerk; -- used originally in
courts of civil law jurisdiction, but in Europe used for a clerk
or registar generally.
2. The computing official of an insurance company;
one whose profession it is to calculate for insurance companies
the risks and premiums for life, fire, and other
insurances.
Ac"tu*ate (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Actuated
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Actuating
(#).] [LL. actuatus, p. p.
of actuare, fr. L. actus act.]
1. To put into action or motion; to move or incite
to action; to influence actively; to move as motives do; -- more
commonly used of persons.
Wings, which others were contriving to actuate by
the perpetual motion.
Johnson.
Men of the greatest abilities are most fired with ambition;
and, on the contrary, mean and narrow minds are the least
actuated by it.
Addison.
2. To carry out in practice; to perform.
[Obs.] \'bdTo actuate what you
command.\'b8
Jer. Taylor.
Syn. -- To move; impel; incite; rouse; instigate;
animate.
Ac"tu*ate (#), a. [LL.
actuatus, p. p. of actuare.] Put
in action; actuated. [Obs.]
South.
Ac`tu*a"tion (#), n. [Cf. LL.
actuatio.] A bringing into action;
movement.
Bp. Pearson.
Ac"tu*a`tor (#), n. One who
actuates, or puts into action. [R.]
Melville.
Ac"tu*ose` (#), a. [L.
actuosus.] Very active.
[Obs.]
Ac`tu*os"i*ty (#), n. Abundant
activity. [Obs.]
Dr. H. More.
Ac"ture (#), n. Action.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Ac*tu"ri*ence (#), n. [A desid.
of L. agere, actum, to act.]
Tendency or impulse to act. [R.]
Acturience, or desire of action, in one form or
another, whether as restlessness, ennui, dissatisfaction, or the
imagination of something desirable.
J. Grote.
Ac"u*ate (#), v. t. [L.
acus needle.] To sharpen; to make pungent;
to quicken. [Obs.] \'bd[To] acuate
the blood.\'b8
Harvey.
Ac"u*ate (#), a. Sharpened;
sharp-pointed.
Ac`u*a"tion (#), n. Act of
sharpening. [R.]
Ac`u*i"tion (#), n. [L.
acutus, as if acuitus, p. p. of
acuere to sharpen.] The act of
sharpening. [Obs.]
A*cu"i*ty (#), n. [LL.
acuitas: cf. F. acuit\'82.]
Sharpness or acuteness, as of a needle, wit, etc.
A*cu"le*ate (#), a. [L.
aculeatus, fr. aculeus, dim. of
acus needle.] 1. (Zo\'94l.)
Having a sting; covered with prickles; sharp like a
prickle.
2. (Bot.) Having prickles, or sharp
points; beset with prickles.
3. Severe or stinging; incisive.
[R.]
Bacon.
A*cu"le*a`ted (#), a. Having a
sharp point; armed with prickles; prickly; aculeate.
A*cu"le*i*form (#), a. Like a
prickle.
A*cu"le*o*late (#), a. [L.
aculeolus little needle.] (Bot.)
Having small prickles or sharp points.
Gray.
A*cu"le*ous (#), a.
Aculeate. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.
\'d8A*cu"le*us (#), n.; pl.
Aculei (#). [L., dim. of
acus needle.] 1. (Bot.)
A prickle growing on the bark, as in some brambles and
roses.
Lindley.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A sting.
A*cu"men (#), n. [L.
acumen, fr. acuere to sharpen. Cf.
Acute.] Quickness of perception or
discernment; penetration of mind; the faculty of nice
discrimination.
Selden.
Syn. -- Sharpness; sagacity; keenness; shrewdness;
acuteness.
A*cu"mi*nate (#), a. [L.
acuminatus, p. p. of acuminare to sharpen,
fr. acumen. See Acumen.] Tapering
to a point; pointed; as, acuminate leaves, teeth,
etc.
A*cu"mi*nate (#), v. t. To
render sharp or keen. [R.] \'bdTo
acuminate even despair.\'b8
Cowper.
A*cu"mi*nate, v. i. To end in, or come
to, a sharp point. \'bdAcuminating in a cone of
prelacy.\'b8
Milton.
A*cu`mi*na"tion (#), n. A
sharpening; termination in a sharp point; a tapering point.
Bp. Pearson.
A*cu"mi*nose` (#), a.
Terminating in a flat, narrow end.
Lindley.
A*cu"mi*nous (#), a.
Characterized by acumen; keen.
Highmore.
Ac`u*pres"sure (#), n. [L.
acus needle + premere, pressum,
to press.] (Surg.) A mode of arresting
hemorrhage resulting from wounds or surgical operations, by
passing under the divided vessel a needle, the ends of which are
left exposed externally on the cutaneous surface.
Simpson.
Ac`u*punc`tu*ra"tion (#), n.
See Acupuncture.
Ac`u*punc"ture (#), n. [L.
acus needle + punctura a pricking, fr.
pungere to prick: cf. F.
acuponcture.] Pricking with a needle; a
needle prick. Specifically (Med.): The
insertion of needles into the living tissues for remedial
purposes.
Ac`u*punc"ture (#), v. t. To
treat with acupuncture.
A*cus"tum*aunce (#), n. See
Accustomance. [Obs.]
A*cut"an`gu*lar (#), a.
Acute-angled.
A*cute" (#), a. [L.
acutus, p. p. of acuere to sharpen, fr. a
root ak to be sharp. Cf. Ague, Cute,
Edge.] 1. Sharp at the end; ending
in a sharp point; pointed; -- opposed to blunt or
obtuse; as, an acute angle; an
acute leaf.
2. Having nice discernment; perceiving or using
minute distinctions; penetrating; clever; shrewd; -- opposed to
dull or stupid; as, an acute
observer; acute remarks, or reasoning.
3. Having nice or quick sensibility; susceptible to
slight impressions; acting keenly on the senses; sharp; keen;
intense; as, a man of acute eyesight, hearing, or
feeling; acute pain or pleasure.
4. High, or shrill, in respect to some other sound;
-- opposed to grave or low; as, an
acute tone or accent.
5. (Med.) Attended with symptoms of some
degree of severity, and coming speedily to a crisis; -- opposed
to chronic; as, an acute
disease.
Acute angle (Geom.), an angle less
than a right angle.
Syn. -- Subtile; ingenious; sharp; keen; penetrating;
sagacious; sharp-witted; shrewd; discerning; discriminating. See
Subtile.
A*cute", v. t. To give an acute sound
to; as, he acutes his rising inflection too
much. [R.]
Walker.
A*cute"*an`gled (#), a. Having
acute angles; as, an acute-angled triangle,
a triangle with every one of its angles less than a right
angle.
A*cute"ly, adv. In an acute manner;
sharply; keenly; with nice discrimination.
A*cute"ness, n. 1. The quality
of being acute or pointed; sharpness; as, the
acuteness of an angle.
2. The faculty of nice discernment or perception;
acumen; keenness; sharpness; sensitiveness; -- applied to the
senses, or the understanding. By acuteness of feeling,
we perceive small objects or slight impressions: by
acuteness of intellect, we discern nice
distinctions.
Perhaps, also, he felt his professional acuteness
interested in bringing it to a successful close.
Sir W. Scott.
3. Shrillness; high pitch; -- said of sounds.
4. (Med.) Violence of a disease, which
brings it speedily to a crisis.
Syn. -- Penetration; sagacity; keenness; ingenuity;
shrewdness; subtlety; sharp-wittedness.
A*cu`ti*fo"li*ate (#), a. [L.
acutus sharp + folium leaf.]
(Bot.) Having sharp-pointed leaves.
A*cu`ti*lo"bate (#), a. [L.
acutus sharp + E. lobe.]
(Bot.) Having acute lobes, as some leaves.
\'d8Ad- (#). [A Latin preposition,
signifying to. See At.] As a
prefix ad- assumes the forms ac-,
af-, ag-, al-, an-,
ap-, ar-, as-, at-,
assimilating the d with the first letter of the word
to which ad- is prefixed. It remains unchanged before
vowels, and before d, h, j,
m, v. Examples: adduce,
adhere, adjacent, admit,
advent, accord, affect,
aggregate, allude, annex,
appear, etc. It becomes ac- before
qu, as in acquiesce.
Ad*act" (#), v. t. [L.
adactus, p. p. of adigere.] To
compel; to drive. [Obs.]
Fotherby.
{ A*dac"tyl (#), A*dac"tyl*ous
(#), } a. [Gr. / priv. + /
finger.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) Without
fingers or without toes. (b) Without claws on
the feet (of crustaceous animals).
Ad"age (#), n. [F.
adage, fr. L. adagium; ad + the
root of L. aio I say.] An old saying, which
has obtained credit by long use; a proverb.
Letting \'bdI dare not\'b8 wait upon \'bdI would,\'b8
Like the poor cat i' the adage.
Shak.
Syn. -- Axiom; maxim; aphorism; proverb; saying; saw;
apothegm. See Axiom.
A*da"gi*al (#), a. Pertaining
to an adage; proverbial. \'bdAdagial verse.\'b8
Barrow.
\'d8A*da"gio (#), a. & adv.
[It. adagio; ad (L. ad) at
+ agio convenience, leisure, ease. See
Agio.] (Mus.) Slow; slowly,
leisurely, and gracefully. When repeated, adagio,
adagio, it directs the movement to be very slow.
\'d8A*da"gio, n. A piece of music in
adagio time; a slow movement; as, an
adagio of Haydn.
Ad"am (#), n. 1. The
name given in the Bible to the first man, the progenitor of the
human race.
2. (As a symbol) \'bdOriginal sin;\'b8
human frailty.
And whipped the offending Adam out of him.
Shak.
Adam's ale, water. [Coll.]
-- Adam's apple. 1. (Bot.)
(a) A species of banana (Musa
paradisiaca). It attains a height of twenty feet or more.
Paxton]. (b) A species of lime (Citris
limetta). 2. The projection formed by the
thyroid cartilage in the neck. It is particularly prominent in
males, and is so called from a notion that it was caused by the
forbidden fruit (an apple) sticking in the throat of our first
parent. -- Adam's flannel (Bot.),
the mullein (Verbascum thapsus). --
Adam's needle (Bot.), the popular name
of a genus (Yucca) of liliaceous plants.
Ad"a*mant (#), n. [OE.
adamaunt, adamant, diamond, magnet, OF.
adamant, L. adamas, adamantis,
the hardest metal, fr. Gr. /, /; / priv. + / to tame,
subdue. In OE., from confusion with L. adamare to
love, be attached to, the word meant also magnet, as
in OF. and LL. See Diamond, Tame.]
1. A stone imagined by some to be of impenetrable
hardness; a name given to the diamond and other substance of
extreme hardness; but in modern minerology it has no technical
signification. It is now a rhetorical or poetical name for the
embodiment of impenetrable hardness.
Opposed the rocky orb
Of tenfold adamant, his ample shield.
Milton.
2. Lodestone; magnet. [Obs.]
\'bdA great adamant of acquaintance.\'b8
Bacon.
As true to thee as steel to adamant.
Greene.
Ad`a*man*te"an (#), a. [L.
adamant\'c7us.] Of adamant; hard as
adamant.
Milton.
Ad`a*man"tine (#), a. [L.
adamantinus, Gr. /.] 1. Made of
adamant, or having the qualities of adamant; incapable of being
broken, dissolved, or penetrated; as, adamantine
bonds or chains.
2. (Min.) Like the diamond in hardness
or luster.
Ad`am*bu*la"cral (#), a. [L.
ad + E. ambulacral.]
(Zo\'94l.) Next to the ambulacra; as, the
adambulacral ossicles of the starfish.
{ A*dam"ic (#), A*dam"ic*al
(#), } a. Of or pertaining to
Adam, or resembling him.
Adamic earth, a name given to common red clay,
from a notion that Adam means red
earth.
Ad"am*ite (#), n. [From
Adam.] 1. A descendant of Adam; a
human being.
2. (Eccl. Hist.) One of a sect of
visionaries, who, professing to imitate the state of Adam,
discarded the use of dress in their assemblies.
Ad"am's ap"ple (#). See under
Adam.
A*dance" (#), adv.
Dancing.
Lowell.
A*dan"gle (#), adv.
Dangling.
Browning.
\'d8Ad`an*so"ni*a (#), n. [From
Adanson, a French botanist.] (Bot.)
A genus of great trees related to the Bombax. There are two
species, A. digitata, the baobab or
monkey-bread of Africa and India, and A.
Gregorii, the sour gourd or cream-of-tartar tree of
Australia. Both have a trunk of moderate height, but of enormous
diameter, and a wide-spreading head. The fruit is oblong, and
filled with pleasantly acid pulp. The wood is very soft, and the
bark is used by the natives for making ropes and cloth.
D. C. Eaton.
A*dapt" (#), a. Fitted;
suited. [Obs.]
Swift.
A*dapt", v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Adapted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Adapting.] [L. adaptare;
ad + aptare to fit; cf. F. adapter. See
Apt, Adept.] To make suitable; to
fit, or suit; to adjust; to alter so as to fit for a new use; --
sometimes followed by to or for.
For nature, always in the right,
To your decays adapts my sight.
Swift.
Appeals adapted to his [man's] whole nature.
Angus.
Streets ill adapted for the residence of wealthy
persons.
Macaulay.
{ A*dapt`a*bil"i*ty (#),
A*dapt"a*ble*ness (#), } n.
The quality of being adaptable; suitableness.
\'bdGeneral adaptability for every purpose.\'b8
Farrar.
A*dapt"a*ble (#), a. Capable of
being adapted.
Ad`ap*ta"tion (#), n. [Cf. F.
adaptation, LL. adaptatio.]
1. The act or process of adapting, or fitting; or
the state of being adapted or fitted; fitness.
\'bdAdaptation of the means to the end.\'b8
Erskine.
2. The result of adapting; an adapted form.
A*dapt"a*tive (#), a.
Adaptive.
Stubbs.
A*dapt"ed*ness (#), n. The
state or quality of being adapted; suitableness; special
fitness.
A*dapt"er (#), n. 1.
One who adapts.
2. (Chem.) A connecting tube; an
adopter.
<-- 2. any device connecting two parts of an apparatus (e.g.
tubes of different diameters, or electric cords with different
plug types); a device allowing an apparatus to be used for
purposes other than originally intended -->
A*dap"tion (#), n.
Adaptation.
Cheyne.
A*dapt"ive (#), a. Suited,
given, or tending, to adaptation; characterized by adaptation;
capable of adapting. Coleridge. --
A*dapt"ive*ly, adv.
A*dapt"ive*ness, n. The quality of being
adaptive; capacity to adapt.
A*dapt"ly, adv. In a suitable
manner. [R.]
Prior.
A*dapt"ness, n. Adaptedness.
[R.]
Ad`ap*to"ri*al (#), a.
Adaptive. [R.]
\'d8A"dar (#), n. [Heb.
ad\'84r.] The twelfth month of the Hebrew
ecclesiastical year, and the sixth of the civil. It corresponded
nearly with March.
\'d8A*dar"ce (#), n. [L.
adarce, adarca, Gr. /.] A
saltish concretion on reeds and grass in marshy grounds in
Galatia. It is soft and porous, and was formerly used for
cleansing the skin from freckles and tetters, and also in
leprosy.
Dana.
\'d8Ad"a*tis (#), n. A fine
cotton cloth of India.
A*daunt" (#), v. t. [OE.
adaunten to overpower, OF. adonter;
\'85 (L. ad) + donter, F.
dompter. See Daunt.] To daunt; to
subdue; to mitigate. [Obs.]
Skelton.
A*daw" (#), v. t. [Cf. OE.
adawe of dawe, AS. of dagum from days,
i. e., from life, out of life.]
To subdue; to daunt. [Obs.]
The sight whereof did greatly him adaw.
Spenser.
A*daw", v. t. & i. [OE.
adawen to wake; pref. a- (cf. Goth.
us-, Ger. er-) + dawen,
dagon, to dawn. See Daw.] To
awaken; to arouse. [Obs.]
A man that waketh of his sleep
He may not suddenly well taken keep
Upon a thing, ne seen it parfitly
Till that he be adawed verily.
Chaucer.
A*days" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- (for on) + day; the final
s was orig. a genitive ending, afterwards forming
adverbs.] By day, or every day; in the daytime.
[Obs.]
Fielding.
\'d8Ad cap*tan"dum (#). [L., for
catching.] A phrase used adjectively sometimes of
meretricious attempts to catch or win popular favor.
Add (#), v. t. [imp.
& p. p. Added; p. pr. & vb. n.
Adding.] [L. addere; ad
+ dare to give, put. Cf. Date, Do.]
1. To give by way of increased possession
(to any one); to bestow (on).
The Lord shall add to me another son.
Gen. xxx. 24.
<-- p. 20 -->
2. To join or unite, as one thing to another, or as
several particulars, so as to increase the number, augment the
quantity, enlarge the magnitude, or so as to form into one
aggregate. Hence: To sum up; to put together mentally; as, to
add numbers; to add up a column.
Back to thy punishment,
False fugitive, and to thy speed add wings.
Milton.
As easily as he can add together the ideas of two
days or two years.
Locke.
3. To append, as a statement; to say further.
He added that he would willingly consent to the
entire abolition of the tax.
Macaulay.
Syn. -- To Add, Join, Annex,
Unite, Coalesce. We add
by bringing things together so as to form a whole. We
join by putting one thing to another in close or
continuos connection. We annex by attaching some
adjunct to a larger body. We unite by bringing things
together so that their parts adhere or intermingle. Things
coalesce by coming together or mingling so as to form
one organization. To add quantities; to join houses;
to annex territory; to unite kingdoms; to
make parties coalesce.
Add (#), v. i. 1. To
make an addition. To add to, to augment; to increase;
as, it adds to our anxiety. \'bdI will
add to your yoke.\'b8
1 Kings xii. 14.
2. To perform the arithmetical operation of
addition; as, he adds rapidly.
Add"a*ble (#), a.
[Add, v. + -able.]
Addible.
Ad"dax (#), n. [Native
name.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the largest
African antelopes (Hippotragus, ).
Strepsiceros (twisted horn) of the ancients.
By some it is thought to be the pygarg of the
Bible.
Ad*deem" (#), v. t. [Pref.
a- + deem.] To award; to
adjudge. [Obs.] \'bdUnto him they did
addeem the prise.\'b8
Spenser.
\'d8Ad*den"dum (#), n.; pl.
Addenda (#). [L., fr.
addere to add.] A thing to be added; an
appendix or addition.
Addendum circle (Mech.), the circle
which may be described around a circular spur wheel or gear
wheel, touching the crests or tips of the teeth.
Rankine.
Add"er (#), n. [See
Add.] One who, or that which, adds; esp., a
machine for adding numbers.
Ad"der, n. [OE. addere,
naddere, eddre, AS. n\'91dre,
adder, snake; akin to OS. nadra, OHG.
natra, natara, Ger. natter,
Goth. nadrs, Icel. na\'ebr, masc.,
na\'ebra, fem.: cf. W. neidr, Gorn.
naddyr, Ir. nathair, L. natrix,
water snake. An adder is for a
nadder.] 1. A serpent.
[Obs.] \'bdThe eddre seide to the
woman.\'b8
Wyclif. Gen. iii. 4. )
2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A small
venomous serpent of the genus Vipera. The common
European adder is the Vipera (or Pelias) berus. The
puff adders of Africa are species of Clotho.
(b) In America, the term is commonly applied to
several harmless snakes, as the milk adder,
puffing adder, etc. (c) Same
as Sea Adder.
(Cerastles).
Ad"der fly/ (#). A dragon fly.
Ad"der's-tongue` (#), n.
(Bot.) (a) A genus of ferns
(Ophioglossum), whose seeds are produced on a spike
resembling a serpent's tongue. (b) The yellow
dogtooth violet.
Gray.
Ad"der*wort` (#), n.
(Bot.) The common bistort or snakeweed
(Polygonum bistorta).
Add`i*bil"i*ty (#), n. The
quantity of being addible; capability of addition.
Locke.
Add"i*ble (#), a. Capable of
being added. \'bdAddible numbers.\'b8
Locke.
Ad"dice (#), n. See
Adze. [Obs.]
Moxon.
Ad*dict" (#), p. p. Addicted;
devoted. [Obs.]
Ad*dict", v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Addicted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Addicting.] [L. addictus, p.
p. of addicere to adjudge, devote; ad +
dicere to say. See Diction.] 1.
To apply habitually; to devote; to habituate; -- with
to. \'bdThey addict themselves to the
civil law.\'b8
Evelyn.
He is addicted to his study.
Beau. & Fl.
That part of mankind that addict their minds to
speculations.
Adventurer.
His genius addicted him to the study of
antiquity.
Fuller.
A man gross . . . and addicted to low company.
Macaulay.
2. To adapt; to make suitable; to fit.
[Obs.]
The land about is exceedingly addicted to wood, but
the coldness of the place hinders the growth.
Evelyn.
Syn. -- Addict, Devote,
Consecrate, Dedicate. Addict was
formerly used in a good sense; as, addicted to
letters; but is now mostly employed in a bad sense or an
indifferent one; as, addicted to vice;
addicted to sensual indulgence.
\'bdAddicted to staying at home.\'b8 J. S.
Mill. Devote is always taken in a good sense,
expressing habitual earnestness in the pursuit of some favorite
object; as, devoted to science. Consecrate
and dedicate express devotion of a higher kind,
involving religious sentiment; as, consecrated to the
service of the church; dedicated to God.
Ad*dict"ed*ness, n. The quality or state
of being addicted; attachment.
Ad*dic"tion (#), n. [Cf. L.
addictio an adjudging.] The state of being
addicted; devotion; inclination. \'bdHis
addiction was to courses vain.\'b8
Shak.
Ad"di*son's dis*ease" (#). [Named from
Thomas Addison, M. D., of London, who first described it.]
(Med.) A morbid condition causing a peculiar
brownish discoloration of the skin, and thought, at one time, to
be due to disease of the suprarenal capsules (two flat triangular
bodies covering the upper part of the kidneys), but now known not
to be dependent upon this causes exclusively. It is usually
fatal.
Ad*dit"a*ment (#), n. [L.
additamentum, fr. additus, p. p. of
addere to add.] An addition, or a thing
added.
Fuller.
My persuasion that the latter verses of the chapter were an
additament of a later age.
Coleridge.
Ad*di"tion (#), n. [F.
addition, L. additio, fr. addere
to add.] 1. The act of adding two or more
things together; -- opposed to subtraction or
diminution. \'bdThis endless addition
or addibility of numbers.\'b8
Locke.
2. Anything added; increase; augmentation; as,
a piazza is an addition to a building.
3. (Math.) That part of arithmetic which
treats of adding numbers.
4. (Mus.) A dot at the right side of a
note as an indication that its sound is to be lengthened one
half. [R.]
5. (Law) A title annexed to a man's
name, to identify him more precisely; as, John Doe,
Esq.; Richard Roe, Gent.; Robert Dale,
Mason; Thomas Way, of New York; a mark of
distinction; a title.
6. (Her.) Something added to a coat of
arms, as a mark of honor; -- opposed to
abatement.
Vector addition (Geom.), that kind
of addition of two lines, or vectors, AB and BC, by which their
sum is regarded as the line, or vector, AC.
Syn. -- Increase; accession; augmentation; appendage;
adjunct.
Ad*di"tion*al (#), a. Added;
supplemental; in the way of an addition.
Ad*di"tion*al, n. Something added.
[R.]
Bacon.
Ad*di"tion*al*ly, adv. By way of
addition.
Ad*di"tion*a*ry (#), a.
Additional. [R.]
Herbert.
Ad`di*ti"tious (#), a. [L.
addititius, fr. addere.]
Additive. [R.]
Sir J. Herschel.
Ad"di*tive (#), a. [L.
additivus.] (Math.) Proper to be
added; positive; -- opposed to subtractive.
Ad"di*to*ry (#), a. Tending to
add; making some addition. [R.]
Arbuthnot.
Ad"dle (#), n. [OE.
adel, AS. adela, mud.]
1. Liquid filth; mire. [Obs.]
2. Lees; dregs. [Prov. Eng.]
Wright.
Ad"dle, a. Having lost the power of
development, and become rotten, as eggs; putrid. Hence:
Unfruitful or confused, as brains; muddled.
Dryden.
Ad"dle, v. t. & i. [imp. & p.
p. Addled (#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Addling (#).] To make addle;
to grow addle; to muddle; as, he addled his
brain. \'bdTheir eggs were addled.\'b8
Cowper.
Ad"dle, v. t. & i. [OE.
adlen, adilen, to gain, acquire; prob. fr.
Icel. \'94\'eblask to acquire property, akin to
o\'ebal property. Cf. Allodial.]
1. To earn by labor. [Prov.
Eng.]
Forby.
2. To thrive or grow; to ripen. [Prov.
Eng.]
Kill ivy, else tree will addle no more.
Tusser.
{ Ad"dle-brain` (#),
Ad"dle-head` (#),
Ad"dle-pate (#), } n.
A foolish or dull-witted fellow.
[Colloq.]
{ Ad"dle-brained` (#),
Ad"dle-head`ed (#),
Ad"dle-pa`ted (#), }
a. Dull-witted; stupid. \'bdThe
addle-brained Oberstein.\'b8
Motley.
Dull and addle-pated.
Dryden.
Ad"dle-pa`ted*ness (#), n.
Stupidity.
Ad"dlings (#), n. pl. [See
Addle, to earn.] Earnings. [Prov.
Eng.]
Wright.
Ad*doom" (#), v. t. [Pref.
a- + doom.] To adjudge.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
Ad*dorsed" (#), a. [L. ad
+ dorsum, back: cf. F. adoss\'82.]
(Her.) Set or turned back to back.
Ad*dress" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Addressed
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Addressing.] [OE. adressen
to raise erect, adorn, OF. adrecier, to straighten,
address, F. adresser, fr. \'85 (L.
ad) + OF. drecier, F. dresser,
to straighten, arrange. See Dress, v.]
1. To aim; to direct. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
And this good knight his way with me addrest.
Spenser.
2. To prepare or make ready.
[Obs.]
His foe was soon addressed.
Spenser.
Turnus addressed his men to single fight.
Dryden.
The five foolish virgins addressed themselves at
the noise of the bridegroom's coming.
Jer. Taylor.
3. Reflexively: To prepare one's self; to apply
one's skill or energies (to some object); to
betake.
These men addressed themselves to the task.
Macaulay.
4. To clothe or array; to dress.
[Archaic]
Tecla . . . addressed herself in man's apparel.
Jewel.
5. To direct, as words (to any one or
any thing); to make, as a speech, petition, etc. (to
any one, an audience).
The young hero had addressed his players to him for
his assistance.
Dryden.
6. To direct speech to; to make a communication to,
whether spoken or written; to apply to by words, as by a speech,
petition, etc., to speak to; to accost.
Are not your orders to address the senate?
Addison.
The representatives of the nation addressed the
king.
Swift.
7. To direct in writing, as a letter; to
superscribe, or to direct and transmit; as, he
addressed a letter.
8. To make suit to as a lover; to court; to
woo.
9. (Com.) To consign or intrust to the
care of another, as agent or factor; as, the ship was
addressed to a merchant in Baltimore.
To address one's self to. (a) To
prepare one's self for; to apply one's self to. (b) To
direct one's speech or discourse to.
Ad*dress" (#), v. i. 1.
To prepare one's self. [Obs.] \'bdLet us
address to tend on Hector's heels.\'b8
Shak.
2. To direct speech. [Obs.]
Young Turnus to the beauteous maid addrest.
Dryden.
Ad*dress, n. [Cf. F. adresse.
See Address, v. t.]
1. Act of preparing one's self.
[Obs.]
Jer Taylor.
2. Act of addressing one's self to a person; verbal
application.
3. A formal communication, either written or
spoken; a discourse; a speech; a formal application to any one; a
petition; a formal statement on some subject or special occasion;
as, an address of thanks, an address to the
voters.
4. Direction or superscription of a letter, or the
name, title, and place of residence of the person
addressed.
5. Manner of speaking to another; delivery; as,
a man of pleasing or insinuating address.
6. Attention in the way one's addresses
to a lady.
Addison.
7. Skill; skillful management; dexterity;
adroitness.
Syn. -- Speech; discourse; harangue; oration; petition;
lecture; readiness; ingenuity; tact; adroitness.
Ad`dress*ee" (#), n. One to
whom anything is addressed.
Ad*dres"sion (#), n. The act of
addressing or directing one's course. [Rare &
Obs.]
Chapman.
Ad*duce" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Adduced
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Adducing
(#).] [L. adducere,
adductum, to lead or bring to; ad + ducere
to lead. See Duke, and cf. Adduct.]
To bring forward or offer, as an argument, passage, or
consideration which bears on a statement or case; to cite; to
allege.
Reasons . . . were adduced on both sides.
Macaulay.
Enough could not be adduced to satisfy the purpose
of illustration.
De Quincey.
Syn. -- To present; allege; advance; cite; quote; assign;
urge; name; mention.
Ad*du"cent (#), a. [L.
addunces, p. pr. of adducere.]
(Physiol.) Bringing together or towards a given
point; -- a word applied to those muscles of the body which pull
one part towards another. Opposed to abducent.
Ad*du"cer (#), n. One who
adduces.
Ad*du"ci*ble (#), a. Capable of
being adduced.
Proofs innumerable, and in every imaginable manner
diversified, are adducible.
I. Taylor.
Ad*duct" (#), v. t. [L.
adductus, p. p. of adducere. See
Adduce.] (Physiol.) To draw
towards a common center or a middle line.
Huxley.
Ad*duc"tion (#), n. [Cf. F.
adduction. See Adduce.] 1.
The act of adducing or bringing forward.
An adduction of facts gathered from various
quarters.
I. Taylor.
2. (Physiol.) The action by which the
parts of the body are drawn towards its axis]; -- opposed to
abduction.
Dunglison.
Ad*duc"tive (#), a. Adducing,
or bringing towards or to something.
Ad*duc"tor (#), n. [L., fr.
adducere.] (Anat.) A muscle
which draws a limb or part of the body toward the middle line of
the body, or closes extended parts of the body; -- opposed to
abductor; as, the adductor of the eye,
which turns the eye toward the nose.
In the bivalve shells, the muscles which close the values of
the shell are called adductor muscles.
Verrill.
Ad*dulce" (#), v. t. [Like F.
adoucir; fr. L. ad. + dulcis
sweet.] To sweeten; to soothe.
[Obs.]
Bacon.
A*deem" (#), v. t. [L.
adimere. See Ademption.]
(Law) To revoke, as a legacy, grant, etc., or to
satisfy it by some other gift.
\'d8A`de*lan`ta*dil"lo (#), n.
[Sp.] A Spanish red wine made of the first ripe
grapes.
\'d8A`de*lan*ta"do (#), n.
[Sp., prop. p. of adelantar to advance, to
promote.] A governor of a province; a commander.
Prescott.
\'d8Ad*e*las"ter (#), n. [Gr.
/ not manifest + / a star.] (Bot.) A
provisional name for a plant which has not had its flowers
botanically examined, and therefore has not been referred to its
proper genus.
Ad"el*ing (#), n. Same as
Atheling.
A*del`o*co*don"ic (#), a. [Gr.
/ invisible + / a bell.] (Zo\'94l.)
Applied to sexual zooids of hydroids, that have a saclike
form and do not become free; -- opposed to
phanerocodonic.
A*del"o*pod (#), n. [Gr. /
invisible + /, /, foot.] (Zo\'94l.) An
animal having feet that are not apparent.
\'d8A*del"phi*a (#), n. [Gr.
/ brother.] (Bot.) A \'bdbrotherhood,\'b8
or collection of stamens in a bundle; -- used in composition, as
in the class names, Monadelphia,
Diadelphia, etc.
A*del"phous (#), a. [Gr. /
brother.] (Bot.) Having coalescent or
clustered filaments; -- said of stamens; as,
adelphous stamens. Usually in composition; as,
monadelphous.
Gray.
A*dempt" (#), p. p. [L.
ademptus, p. p. of adimere to take
away.] Takes away. [Obs.]
Without any sinister suspicion of anything being added or
adempt.
Latimn.
<-- p. 21 -->
A*demp"tion (#), n. [L.
ademptio, fr. adimere, ademptum,
to take away; ad + emere to buy, orig. to take.]
(Law) The revocation or taking away of a grant
donation, legacy, or the like.
Bouvier.
Aden- or Adeno-. [Gr. /, /,
gland.] Combining forms of the Greek word for
gland; -- used in words relating to the structure,
diseases, etc., of the glands.
{ \'d8Ad`e*nal"gi*a (#),
Ad"e*nal`gy (#), } n.
[Gr. / + / pain.] (Med.) Pain in a
gland.
A*den"i*form (#), a.
[Aden- + -form.] Shaped
like a gland; adenoid.
Dunglison.
\'d8Ad`e*ni"tis (#), n.
[Aden- + -itis.]
(Med.) Glandular inflammation.
Dunglison.
Ad`e*no*graph"ic (#), a.
Pertaining to adenography.
Ad`e*nog"ra*phy (#), n.
[Adeno- + -graphy.] That
part of anatomy which describes the glands.
{ Ad"e*noid (#), Ad`e*noid"al
(#) } a. Glandlike;
glandular.
Ad`e*no*log"ic*al (#), a.
Pertaining to adenology.
Ad`e*nol"o*gy (#), n.
[Adeno- + -logy.] The part
of physiology that treats of the glands.
Ad`e*noph"o*rous (#), a.
[Adeno- + Gr. / bearing.]
(Bot.) Producing glands.
Ad`e*noph"yl*lous (#), a.
[Adeno- + Gr. / leaf.] (Bot.)
Having glands on the leaves.
Ad"e*nose` (?; 277), a. Like a
gland; full of glands; glandulous; adenous.
Ad`e*no*tom"ic (#), a.
Pertaining to adenotomy.
Ad`e*not"o*my (#), n.
[Adeno- + Gr. / a cutting, / to cut.]
(Anat.) Dissection of, or incision into, a gland
or glands.
Ad"e*nous (#), a. Same as
Adenose.
\'d8Ad"eps (#), n. [L.]
Animal fat; lard.
A*dept" (#), n. [L.
adeptus obtained (sc. artem), /he who has
obtained an art, p. p. of adipsci to arrive /at, to
obtain; ad + apisci to pursue. See Apt, and
cf. Adapt.] One fully skilled or well versed
in anything; a proficient; as, adepts in
philosophy.
A*dept", a. Well skilled; completely
versed; thoroughly proficient.
Beaus adept in everything profound.
Cowper.
A*dep"tion (#), n. [L.
adeptio. See Adept, a.]
An obtaining; attainment. [Obs.]
In the wit and policy of the capitain consisteth the chief
adeption of the victory.
Grafton.
A*dept"ist, n. A skilled
alchemist. [Obs.]
A*dept"ness, n. The quality of being
adept; skill.
Ad"e*qua*cy (#), n. [See
Adequate.] The state or quality of being
adequate, proportionate, or sufficient; a sufficiency for a
particular purpose; as, the adequacy of supply to
the expenditure.
Ad"e*quate (#), a. [L.
adaequatus, p. p. of adaequare to make
equal to; ad + aequare to make equal,
aequus equal. See Equal.] Equal to
some requirement; proportionate, or correspondent; fully
sufficient; as, powers adequate to a great work; an
adequate definition.
Ireland had no adequate champion.
De Quincey.
Syn. -- Proportionate; commensurate; sufficient; suitable;
competent; capable.
Ad"e*quate (#), v. t. [See
Adequate, a.] 1. To
equalize; to make adequate. [R.]
Fotherby.
2. To equal. [Obs.]
It [is] an impossibility for any creature to
adequate God in his eternity.
Shelford.
Ad"e*quate*ly (#), adv. In an
adequate manner.
Ad"e*quate*ness, n. The quality of being
adequate; suitableness; sufficiency; adequacy.
Ad`e*qua"tion (#), n. [L.
adaequatio.] The act of equalizing; act or
result of making adequate; an equivalent.
[Obs.]
Bp. Barlow.
A*des"my (#), n. [Gr. /
unfettered; / priv. + / a fetter.] (Bot.)
The division or defective coherence of an organ that is
usually entire.
Ad*es`se*na"ri*an (#), n.
[Formed fr. L. adesse to be present; ad +
esse to be.] (Eccl. Hist.) One who
held the real presence of Christ's body in the eucharist, but not
by transubstantiation.
Ad*fect"ed (#), a. [L.
adfectus or affectus. See Affect,
v.] (Alg.) See
Affected, 5.
Ad*fil"i*a`ted (#), a. See
Affiliated. [Obs.]
Ad*fil`i*a"tion (#), n. See
Affiliation. [Obs.]
Ad*flux"ion (#), n. See
Affluxion.
Ad*ha"mant (#), a. [From L.
adhamare to catch; ad + hamus hook.]
Clinging, as by hooks.
Ad*here" (#), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Adhered
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Adhering
(#).] [L. adhaerere,
adhaesum; ad + haerere to stick: cf. F.
adh\'82rer. See Aghast.] 1.
To stick fast or cleave, as a glutinous substance does; to
become joined or united; as, wax to the finger; the lungs
sometimes adhere to the pleura.
2. To hold, be attached, or devoted; to remain
fixed, either by personal union or conformity of faith,
principle, or opinion; as, men adhere to a party, a
cause, a leader, a church.
3. To be consistent or coherent; to be in
accordance; to agree. \'bdNor time nor place did then
adhere.\'b8 Every thing adheres
together.\'b8
Shak.
Syn. -- To attach; stick; cleave; cling; hold
Ad*her"ence (#), n. [Cf. F.
adh\'82rence, LL. adhaerentia.]
1. The quality or state of adhering.
2. The state of being fixed in attachment;
fidelity; steady attachment; adhesion; as, adherence
to a party or to opinions.
Syn. -- Adherence, Adhesion.
These words, which were once freely interchanged, are now almost
entirely separated. Adherence is no longer used to
denote physical union, but is applied, to mental states or
habits; as, a strict adherence to one's duty; close
adherence to the argument, etc. Adhesion
is now confined chiefly to the physical sense, except in the
phrase \'bdTo give in one's adhesion to a cause or a
party.\'b8
Ad*her"en*cy (#), n. 1.
The state or quality of being adherent; adherence.
[R.]
2. That which adheres. [Obs.]
Dr. H. More.
Ad*her"ent (#), a. [L.
adhaerens, -entis, p. pr.: cf. F.
adh\'82rent.] 1. Sticking;
clinging; adhering.
Pope.
2. Attached as an attribute or circumstance.
3. (Bot.) Congenitally united with an
organ of another kind, as calyx with ovary, or stamens with
petals.
Ad*her"ent, n. 1. One who
adheres; one who adheres; one who follows a leader, party, or
profession; a follower, or partisan; a believer in a particular
faith or church.
2. That which adheres; an appendage.
[R.]
Milton.
Syn. -- Follower; partisan; upholder; disciple; supporter;
dependent; ally; backer.
Ad*her"ent*ly, adv. In an adherent
manner.
Ad*her"er (#), n. One who
adheres; an adherent.
Ad*he"sion (#), n. [L.
adhaesio, fr. adhaerere: cf. F.
adh\'82sion.] 1. The action of
sticking; the state of being attached; intimate union; as the
adhesion of glue, or of parts united by growth,
cement, or the like.
2. Adherence; steady or firm attachment; fidelity;
as, to error, to a policy.
His adhesion to the Tories was bounded by his
approbation of their foreign policy.
De Quincey.
3. Agreement to adhere; concurrence; assent.
To that treaty Spain and England gave in their
adhesion.
Macaulay.
4. (Physics) The molecular attraction
exerted between bodies in contact. See Cohesion.
5. (Med.) Union of surface, normally
separate, by the formation of new tissue resulting from an
inflammatory process.
6. (Bot.) The union of parts which are
separate in other plants, or in younger states of the same
plant.
Syn. -- Adherence; union. See Adherence.
Ad*he"sive (#), a. [Cf. F.
adh\'82sif.] 1. Sticky; tenacious,
as glutinous substances.
2. Apt or tending to adhere; clinging.
Thomson.
Adhesive attraction. (Physics) See
Attraction. -- Adhesive inflammation
(Surg.), that kind of inflammation which
terminates in the reunion of divided parts without
suppuration. -- Adhesive plaster, a sticking;
a plaster containing resin, wax, litharge, and olive
oil.
Ad*he"sive*ly, adv. In an adhesive
manner.
Ad*he"sive*ness, n. 1. The
quality of sticking or adhering; stickiness; tenacity of
union.
2. (Phren.) Propensity to form and
maintain attachments to persons, and to promote social
intercourse.
Ad*hib"it (#), v. t. [L.
adhibitus, p. p. of adhibere to hold to;
ad + habere to have.] 1. To admit,
as a person or thing; to take in.
Muirhead.
2. To use or apply; to administer.
Camden.
3. To attach; to affix.
Alison.
Ad`hi*bi"tion (#), n. [L.
adhibitio.] The act of adhibiting;
application; use.
Whitaker.
\'d8Ad hom"i*nem (#). [L., to the
man.] ` phrase applied to an appeal or argument
addressed to the principles, interests, or passions of a
man.
Ad*hort" (#), v. t. [L.
adhortari. See Adhortation.] To
exhort; to advise. [Obs.]
Feltham.
Ad`hor*ta"tion (#), n. [L.
adhortatio, fr. adhortari to advise;
ad + hortari to exhort.] Advice;
exhortation. [Obs.]
Peacham.
Ad*hor"ta*to*ry (#), a.
Containing counsel or warning; hortatory; advisory.
[Obs.]
Potter.
Ad`i*a*bat"ic (#), a. [Gr. /
not passable; / priv. + / through + / to go.]
(Physics) Not giving out or receiving heat.
-- Ad`i*a*bat`ic*al*ly,
adv.
Adiabatic line or curve,
a curve exhibiting the variations of pressure and volume of a
fluid when it expands without either receiving or giving out
heat.
Rankine.
Ad`i*ac*tin"ic (#), a. [Pref.
a- not + diactinic.]
(Chem.) Not transmitting the actinic rays.
\'d8Ad`i*an"tum (#), n. [L.,
fr. Gr. /, maidenhair; / priv. + / to wet.]
(Bot.) A genus of ferns, the leaves of which shed
water; maidenhair. Also, the black maidenhair, a species of
spleenwort.
Ad`i*aph"o*rism (#), n.
Religious indifference.
Ad`i*aph"o*rist (#), n. [See
Adiaphorous.] (Eccl. Hist.) One of
the German Protestants who, with Melanchthon, held some opinions
and ceremonies to be indifferent or nonessential, which Luther
condemned as sinful or heretical.
Murdock.
Ad`i*aph`o*ris"tic (#), a.
Pertaining to matters indifferent in faith and
practice.
Shipley.
Ad`i*aph"o*rite (#), n. Same as
Adiaphorist.
Ad`i*aph"o*rous (#), a. [Gr.
/; / priv. + / different; / through + / to bear.]
1. Indifferent or neutral.
Jer. Taylor.
2. (Med.) Incapable of doing either harm
or good, as some medicines.
Dunglison.
Ad`i*aph"o*ry, n. [Gr. /.]
Indifference. [Obs.]
Ad`i*a*ther"mic (#), a. [Gr.
/ priv. + / through + /heat.] Not pervious to
heat.
A*dieu" (#), interj. & adv.
[OE. also adew, adewe,
adue, F. / dieu, fr. L. ad to
+ deus God.] Good-by; farewell; an
expression of kind wishes at parting.
A*dieu", n.; pl. Adieus
(#). A farewell; commendation to the care of
God at parting.
Shak.
A*dight" (#), v. t.
[p. p. Adight.]
[Pref. a- (intensive) + OE. dihten.
See Dight.] To set in order; to array; to
attire; to deck, to dress. [Obs.]
\'d8Ad in`fi*ni"tum (#). [L., to
infinity.] Without limit; endlessly.
\'d8Ad in"ter*im (#)[L.]
Meanwhile; temporary.
Ad`e*pes"cent (#), a. [L.
adeps, adipis, fat +
-escent.] Becoming fatty.
A*dip"ic (#), a. [L.
adeps, adipis, fat.]
(Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, fatty or
oily substances; -- applied to certain acids obtained from fats
by the action of nitric acid.
<-- 2. adipic acid. a dicarboxylic acid containing six carbon
atoms in a linear chain -->
Ad`i*poc"er*ate (#), v. t. To
convert adipocere.
Ad`i*poc`er*a"tion (#), n. The
act or process of changing into adipocere.
Ad"i*po*cere` (#), n. [L.
adeps, adipis, fat + cera wax:
cf. F. adipocere.] A soft, unctuous, or
waxy substance, of a light brown color, into which the fat and
muscle tissue of dead bodies sometimes are converted, by long
immersion in water or by burial in moist places. It is a result
of fatty degeneration.
Ad`i*po*cer"i*form (#), a.
[Adipocere + -form.] Having
the form or appearance of adipocere; as, an
adipoceriform tumor.
Ad`i*poc"er*ous (#), a. Like
adipocere.
Ad"i*pose` (?; 277), a. [L.
adeps, adipis, fat, grease.] Of
or pertaining to animal fat; fatty.
Adipose fin (Zo\'94l.), a soft
boneless fin. -- Adipose tissue
(Anat.), that form of animal tissue which forms or
contains fat.
{ Ad"i*pose`ness (#),
Ad`i*pos"i*ty (#), } n.
The state of being fat; fatness.
Ad"i*pous (#), a. Fatty;
adipose. [R.]
A*dip"sous (#), a. [Gr. /;
/ priv. + /, thirst.] Quenching thirst, as certain
fruits.
Ad"ip*sy (#), n. [Gr. / not
thirsty; / priv. + / thirst.] (Med.)
Absence of thirst.
Ad"it (#), n. [L.
aditus, fr. adire, /aitum, to
go to; ad + ire to go.] 1. An
entrance or passage. Specifically: The nearly horizontal opening
by which a mine is entered, or by which water and ores are
carried away; -- called also drift and
tunnel.
2. Admission; approach; access.
[R.]
Yourself and yours shall have
Free adit.
Tennyson.
{ Ad"ja"cence (#), Ad*ja"cen*cy
(#), }[Cf. LL. adjacentia.]
1. The state of being adjacent or contiguous;
contiguity; as, the adjacency of lands or
buildings.
2. That which is adjacent.[R.]
Sir T. Browne.
Ad*ja"cent (#), a. [L.
adjacens, -centis, p. pr. of
adjacere to lie near; ad + jac/re to lie:
cf. F. adjacent.] Lying near, close, or
contiguous; neighboring; bordering on; as, a field
adjacent to the highway. \'bdThe
adjacent forest.\'b8
B. Jonson.
Adjacent or contiguous
angle. (Geom.) See
Angle.
Syn. -- Adjoining; contiguous; near. --
Adjacent, Adjoining, Contiguous.
Things are adjacent when they lie close each other,
not necessary in actual contact; as, adjacent
fields, adjacent villages, etc.
I find that all Europe with her adjacent isles is
peopled with Christians.
Howell.
Things are adjoining when they meet at some line or
point of junction; as, adjoining farms, an
adjoining highway. What is spoken of as
contiguous should touch with some extent of one side
or the whole of it; as, a row of contiguous buildings;
a wood contiguous to a plain.
Ad*ja"cent, n. That which is
adjacent. [R.]
Locke.
Ad*ja"cent*ly, adv. So as to be
adjacent.
Ad*ject" (#), v. t. [L.
adjectus, p. p. of adjicere to throw to, to
add to; ad + ac/re to throw. See Jet a
shooting forth.] To add or annex; to join.
Leland.
Ad*jec"tion (#), n. [L.
adjectio, fr. adjicere: cf. F.
adjection. See Adject.] The act or
mode of adding; also, the thing added. [R.]
B. Jonson.
Ad*jec"tion*al (#), a.
Pertaining to adjection; that is, or may be, annexed.
[R.]
Earle.
Ad`jec*ti"tious (#), [L.
adjectitius.] Added; additional.
Parkhurst.
Ad`jec*ti"val (#), a. Of or
relating to the relating to the adjective; of the nature of an
adjective; adjective.
W. Taylor (1797)
Ad`jec*ti"val*ly, adv. As, or in the
manner of, an adjective; adjectively.
Ad"jec*tive (#), a. [See
Adjective, n.]
1. Added to a substantive as an attribute; of the
nature of an adjunct; as, an word sentence.
2. Not standing by itself; dependent.
Adjective color, a color which requires to be
fixed by some mordant or base to give it permanency.
3. Relating to procedure. \'bdThe whole
English law, substantive and adjective.\'b8
Macaulay.
Ad"jec*tive, n. [L.
adjectivum (sc. nomen), neut. of
adjectivus that is added, fr. adjicere: cf.
F. adjectif. See Adject.] 1.
(Gram.) A word used with a noun, or substantive,
to express a quality of the thing named, or something attributed
to it, or to limit or define it, or to specify or describe a
thing, as distinct from something else. Thus, in phrase, \'bda
wise ruler,\'b8 wise is the adjective, expressing a
property of ruler.
2. A dependent; an accessory.
Fuller.
Ad"jec*tive, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Adjectived (#); p. pr. & vb.
n. Adjectiving (#).] To
make an adjective of; to form or change into an adjective.
[R.]
Language has as much occasion to adjective the
distinct signification of the verb, and to adjective
also the mood, as it has to adjective time. It has . .
. adjectived all three.
Tooke.
Ad"jec*tive*ly, adv. In the manner of an
adjective; as, a word used adjectively.
Ad*join" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Adjoined
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Adjoining.] [OE. ajoinen,
OF. ajoindre, F. adjoindre, fr. L.
adjungere; ad + jungere to join. See
Join, and cf. Adjunct.] To join or
unite to; to lie contiguous to; to be in contact with; to attach;
to append.
Corrections . . . should be, as remarks, adjoined
by way of note.
Watts.
<-- p. 22 -->
Ad*join" (#), v. i. 1.
To lie or be next, or in contact; to be contiguous; as,
the houses adjoin.
When one man's land adjoins to another's.
Blackstone.
to, on,
or with is obsolete or obsolescent.
2. To join one's self. [Obs.]
She lightly unto him adjoined side to side.
Spenser.
Ad*join"ant (#), a.
Contiguous. [Obs.]
Carew.
Ad*join"ing, a. Joining to; contiguous;
adjacent; as, an adjoining room. \'bdThe
adjoining fane.\'b8
Dryden.
Upon the hills adjoining to the city.
Shak.
Syn. -- Adjacent; contiguous; near; neighboring; abutting;
bordering. See Adjacent.
Ad"joint (#), n. An adjunct; a
helper. [Obs.]
Ad*journ (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Adjourned
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Adjourning
(#).] [OE. ajornen, OF.
ajoiner, ajurner, F. ajourner;
OF. a (L. ad) + jor,
jur, jorn, F. jour, day, fr. L.
diurnus belonging to the day, fr. dies day.
Cf. Journal, Journey.] To put off or
defer to another day, or indefinitely; to postpone; to close or
suspend for the day; -- commonly said of the meeting, or the
action, of convened body; as, to adjourn the
meeting; to adjourn a debate.
It is a common practice to adjourn the reformation
of their lives to a further time.
Barrow.
'Tis a needful fitness
That we adjourn this court till further day.
Shak.
Syn. -- To delay; defer; postpone; put off; suspend.
-- To Adjourn, Prorogue,
Dissolve. These words are used in respect to public
bodies when they lay aside business and separate.
Adjourn, both in Great Britain and this country, is
applied to all cases in which such bodies separate for a brief
period, with a view to meet again. Prorogue is applied
in Great Britain to that act of the executive government, as the
sovereign, which brings a session of Parliament to a close. The
word is not used in this country, but a legislative body is said,
in such a case, to adjourn sine die. To
dissolve is to annul the corporate existence of a
body. In order to exist again the body must be
reconstituted.
Ad*journ", v. i.To suspend business for
a time, as from one day to another, or for a longer period, or
indefinitely; usually, to suspend public business, as of
legislatures and courts, or other convened bodies; as,
congress adjourned at four o'clock; the court
adjourned without day.
Ad*journ"al (#), n.
Adjournment; postponement. [R.] \'bdAn
adjournal of the Diet.\'b8
Sir W. Scott.
Ad*journ"ment (#), n. [Cf. f.
adjournement, OF. ajornement. See
Adjourn.] 1. The act of adjourning;
the putting off till another day or time specified, or without
day.
2. The time or interval during which a public body
adjourns its sittings or postpones business.
Ad*judge" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Adjudged
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Adjudging
(#).] [OE. ajugen, OF.
ajugier, fr. L. adjudicare; ad +
judicare to judge. See Judge, and cf.
Adjudicate.] 1. To award judicially
in the case of a controverted question; as, the prize was
adjudged to the victor.
2. To determine in the exercise of judicial power;
to decide or award judicially; to adjudicate; as, the case
was adjudged in the November term.
3. To sentence; to condemn.
Without reprieve, adjudged to death
For want of well pronouncing Shibboleth.
Milton.
4. To regard or hold; to judge; to deem.
He adjudged him unworthy of his friendship.
Knolles.
Syn. -- To decree; award; determine; adjudicate; ordain;
assign.
Ad*judg"er (#), n. One who
adjudges.
Ad*judg"ment (#), n. The act of
adjudging; judicial decision; adjudication.
Sir W. Temple.
Ad*ju"di*cate (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Adjudicated
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Adjudicating
(#)] [L. adjudicatus, p. p.
of adjudicare. See Adjudge.] To
adjudge; to try and determine, as a court; to settle by judicial
decree.
Ad*ju"di*cate, v. i. To come to a
judicial decision; as, the court adjudicated upon
the case.
Ad*ju`di*ca"tion (#), n. [L.
adjudicatio: cf. F. adjudication.]
1. The act of adjudicating; the act or process of
trying and determining judicially.
2. A deliberate determination by the judicial
power; a judicial decision or sentence. \'bdAn
adjudication in favor of natural rights.\'b8
Burke.
3. (Bankruptcy practice) The decision
upon the question whether the debtor is a bankrupt.
Abbott.
4. (Scots Law) A process by which land
is attached security or in satisfaction of a debt.
Ad*ju"di*ca*tive (#), a.
Adjudicating.
Ad*ju"di*ca`tor (#), n. One who
adjudicates.
Ad*ju"di*ca*ture (#), n.
Adjudication.
Ad"ju*gate (#), v. t. [L.
adjugatus, p. p. of adjugare; ad +
jugum a yoke.] To yoke to.
[Obs.]
Ad"ju*ment (#), n. [L.
adjumentum, for adjuvamentum, fr.
adjuvare to help; ad + juvare to
help.] Help; support; also, a helper.
[Obs.]
Waterhouse.
Ad"junct` (#), a. [L.
adjunctus, p. p. of adjungere. See
Adjoin.] Conjoined; attending;
consequent.
Though that my death were adjunct to my act.
Shak.
Adjunct notes (Mus.), short notes
between those essential to the harmony; auxiliary notes; passing
notes.
Ad"junct`, n. 1. Something
joined or added to another thing, but not essentially a part of
it.
Learning is but an adjunct to our self.
Shak.
2. A person joined to another in some duty or
service; a colleague; an associate.
Wotton.
3. (Gram.) A word or words added to
quality or amplify the force of other words; as, the History
of the American Revolution, where the words in italics
are the adjunct or adjuncts of
\'bdHistory.\'b8
4. (Metaph.) A quality or property of
the body or the mind, whether natural or acquired; as,
color, in the body, judgment in the
mind.
5. (Mus.) A key or scale closely related
to another as principal; a relative or attendant key.
[R.] See Attendant keys, under
Attendant, a.
Ad*junc"tion (#), n. [L.
adjunctio, fr. adjungere: cf. F.
adjonction, and see Adjunct.] The
act of joining; the thing joined or added.
Ad*junc"tive (#), a. [L.
adjunctivus, fr. adjungere. See
Adjunct.] Joining; having the quality of
joining; forming an adjunct.
Ad*junc"tive, n. One who, or that which,
is joined.
Ad*junc"tive*ly, adv. In an adjunctive
manner.
Ad*junct"ly (#), adv. By way of
addition or adjunct; in connection with.
Ad`ju*ra"tion (#), n. [L.
adjuratio, fr. adjurare: cf. F.
adjuration. See Adjure.] 1.
The act of adjuring; a solemn charging on oath, or under the
penalty of a curse; an earnest appeal.
What an accusation could not effect, an adjuration
shall.
Bp. Hall.
2. The form of oath or appeal.
Persons who . . . made use of prayer and
adjurations.
Addison.
Ad*ju"ra*to*ry (#), a. [L.
adjuratorius.] Containing an
adjuration.
Ad*jure" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Adjured
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Adjuring
(#)]. [L. adjurare,
adjurdium, to swear to; later, to adjure: cf. F.
adjurer. See Jury.] To charge,
bind, or command, solemnly, as if under oath, or under the
penalty of a curse; to appeal to in the most solemn or impressive
manner; to entreat earnestly.
Joshua adjured them at that time, saying, Cursed be
the man before the Lord, that riseth up and buildeth this city
Jericho.
Josh. vi. 26.
The high priest . . . said . . . I adjure thee by
the living God, that thou tell us whether thou be the Christ.
Matt. xxvi. 63.
The commissioners adjured them not to let pass so
favorable an opportunity of securing their liberties.
Marshall.
Ad*jur"er (#), n. One who
adjures.
Ad*just" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Adjusted; p.
pr. & vb. n. Adjusting.] [OF.
ajuster, ajoster (whence F.
ajouter to add), LL. adjuxtare to fit; fr.
L. ad + juxta near; confused later with L.
ad and justus just, right, whence F.
ajuster to adjust. See Just, v. t. and cf.
Adjute.] 1. To make exact; to fit;
to make correspondent or conformable; to bring into proper
relations; as, to adjust a garment to the body, or
things to a standard.
2. To put in order; to regulate, or reduce to
system.
Adjusting the orthography.
Johnson.
3. To settle or bring to a satisfactory state, so
that parties are agreed in the result; as, to adjust
accounts; the differences are adjusted.
4. To bring to a true relative position, as the
parts of an instrument; to regulate for use; as, to
adjust a telescope or microscope.
Syn. -- To adapt; suit; arrange; regulate; accommodate; set
right; rectify; settle.
Ad*just"a*ble (#), a. Capable
of being adjusted.
Ad*just"age (#), n. [Cf.
Ajutage.] Adjustment. [R.]
Ad*just"er (#), n. One who, or
that which, adjusts.
Ad*just"ive (#), a. Tending to
adjust. [R.]
Ad*just"ment (#), n. [Cf. F.
ajustement. See Adjust.] 1.
The act of adjusting, or condition of being adjusted; act of
bringing into proper relations; regulation.
Success depends on the nicest and minutest
adjustment of the parts concerned.
Paley.
2. (Law) Settlement of claims; an
equitable arrangement of conflicting claims, as in set-off,
contribution, exoneration, subrogation, and marshaling.
Bispham.
3. The operation of bringing all the parts of an
instrument, as a microscope or telescope, into their proper
relative position for use; the condition of being thus adjusted;
as, to get a good adjustment; to be in or
out of adjustment.
Syn. -- Suiting; fitting; arrangement; regulation;
settlement; adaptation; disposition.
Ad"ju*tage (#), n. Same as
Ajutage.
Ad"ju*tan*cy (#), n. [See
Adjutant.] 1. The office of an
adjutant.
2. Skillful arrangement in aid; assistance.
It was, no doubt, disposed with all the adjutancy
of definition and division.
Burke.
Ad"ju*tant (#), n. [L.
adjutans, p. pr. of adjutare to help. See
Aid.] 1. A helper; an
assistant.
2. (Mil.) A regimental staff officer,
who assists the colonel, or commanding officer of a garrison or
regiment, in the details of regimental and garrison duty.
Adjutant general (a) (Mil.),
the principal staff officer of an army, through whom the
commanding general receives communications and issues military
orders. In the U. S. army he is brigadier general.
(b) (Among the Jesuits), one of a select
number of fathers, who resided with the general of the order,
each of whom had a province or country assigned to his
care.
3. (Zo\'94l.) A species of very large
stork (Ciconia argala), a native of India; -- called
also the gigantic crane, and by the native
name argala. It is noted for its
serpent-destroying habits.
Ad"ju*ta`tor (#), n. (Eng.
Hist.) A corruption of Agitator.
Ad*jute" (#), v. t. [F.
ajouter; confused with L. adjutare.]
To add. [Obs.]
Ad*ju"tor (#), n. [L., fr.
adjuvare. See Aid.] A helper or
assistant. [Archaic]
Drayton.
Ad*ju"to*ry (#), a. [L.
adjutorius.] Serving to help or assist;
helping. [Obs.]
Ad*ju"trix (#), n. [L. See
Adjutor.] A female helper or assistant.
[R.]
Ad"ju*vant (#), a. [L.
adjuvans, p. pr. of adjuvare to aid: cf. F.
adjuvant. See Aid.] Helping;
helpful; assisting. [R.]
\'bdAdjuvant causes.\'b8
Howell.
Ad"ju*vant, n. 1. An
assistant. [R.]
Yelverton.
2. (Med.) An ingredient, in a
prescription, which aids or modifies the action of the principal
ingredient.
Ad`le*ga"tion (#), n. [L.
adlegatio, allegatio, a sending away; fr.
adlegare, allegare, to send away with a
commission; ad in addition + legare to send
as ambassador. Cf. Allegation.] A right
formerly claimed by the states of the German Empire of joining
their own ministers with those of the emperor in public treaties
and negotiations to the common interest of the empire.
Encyc. Brit.
\'d8Ad lib"i*tum (#). At one's pleasure;
as one wishes.
Ad`lo*cu"tion (#), n. See
Allocution. [Obs.]
Ad*mar"gin*ate (#), v. t.
[Pref. ad- + margin.] To
write in the margin. [R.]
Coleridge.
Ad*max"il*la*ry (#), a. [Pref.
ad- + maxillary.] (Anat.)
Near to the maxilla or jawbone.
Ad*meas"ure (?; 135), v. t.
[Cf. OF. amesurer, LL. admensurare.
See Measure.] 1. To measure.
2. (Law) To determine the proper share
of, or the proper apportionment; as, to admeasure
dower; to admeasure common of pasture.
Blackstone.
2. The measure of a thing; dimensions; size.
3. (Law) Formerly, the adjustment of
proportion, or ascertainment of shares, as of dower or pasture
held in common. This was by writ of admeasurement,
directed to the sheriff.
Ad*meas"ur*er (#), n. One who
admeasures.
Ad*men`su*ra"tion (#), n. [LL.
admensuratio; L. ad + mensurare to measure.
See Mensuration.] Same as
Admeasurement.
Ad*min"i*cle (#), n. [L.
adminculum support, orig., that on which the hand
rests; ad + manus hand + dim. ending
-culym.] 1. Help or support; an
auxiliary.
Grote.
2. (Law) Corroborative or explanatory
proof.
In Scots law, any writing tending to establish
the existence or terms of a lost deed.
Bell.
Ad`mi*nic"u*lar (#), a.
Supplying help; auxiliary; corroborative; explanatory;
as, adminicular evidence.
H. Spencer.
Ad`mi*nic"u*la*ry (#), a.
Adminicular.
Ad*min"is*ter (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Administered
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Administering.] [OE.
aministren, OF. aministrer, F.
administer, fr. L. administrare; ad +
ministrare to serve. See Minister.]
1. To manage or conduct, as public affairs; to
direct or superintend the execution, application, or conduct of;
as, to administer the government or the
state.
For forms of government let fools contest:
Whate'er is best administered is best.
Pope.
2. To dispense; to serve out; to supply; execute;
as, to administer relief, to administer the
sacrament.
[Let zephyrs] administer their tepid, genial
airs.
Philips.
Justice was administered with an exactness and
purity not before known.
Macaulay.
3. To apply, as medicine or a remedy; to give, as a
dose or something beneficial or suitable. Extended to a
blow, a reproof, etc.
A noxious drug had been administered to him.
Macaulay.
4. To tender, as an oath.
Swear . . . to keep the oath that we
administer.
Shak.
5. (Law) To settle, as the estate of one
who dies without a will, or whose will fails of an
executor.
Syn. -- To manage; conduct; minister; supply; dispense; give
out; distribute; furnish.
Ad*min"is*ter, v. i. 1. To
contribute; to bring aid or supplies; to conduce; to
minister.
A fountain . . . administers to the pleasure as
well as the plenty of the place.
Spectator.
2. (Law) To perform the office of
administrator; to act officially; as, A administers
upon the estate of B.
Ad*min"is*ter, n. Administrator.
[Obs.]
Bacon.
Ad*min`is*te"ri*al (#), a.
Pertaining to administration, or to the executive part of
government.
Ad*min"is*tra*ble (#), a.
Capable of being administered; as, an
administrable law.
Ad*min"is*trant (#), a. [F., p.
pr. of administrer. See Administer.]
Executive; acting; managing affairs. --
n. One who administers.
Ad*min"is*trate (#), v. t. [L.
administratus, p. p. of
administrare.] To administer.
[R.]
Milman.
Ad*min`is*tra"tion (?; 277), n.
[OE. administracioun, L.
administratio: cf. F.
administration.] 1. The act of
administering; government of public affairs; the service
rendered, or duties assumed, in conducting affairs; the
conducting of any office or employment; direction;
management.
His financial administration was of a piece with
his military administration.
Macaulay.
2. The executive part of government; the persons
collectively who are intrusted with the execution of laws and the
superintendence of public affairs; the chief magistrate and his
cabinet or council; or the council, or ministry, alone, as in
Great Britain.
A mild and popular administration.
Macaulay.
The administration has been opposed in
parliament.
Johnson.
3. The act of administering, or tendering something
to another; dispensation; as, the administration of
a medicine, of an oath, of justice, or of the
sacrament.
<-- p. 23 -->
4. (Law) (a) The management and
disposal, under legal authority, of the estate of an intestate,
or of a testator having no competent executor. (b)
The management of an estate of a deceased person by an
executor, the strictly corresponding term execution
not being in use.
Administration with the will annexed,
administration granted where the testator has appointed no
executor, or where his appointment of an executor for any cause
has failed, as by death, incompetency, refusal to act,
etc.
Syn. -- Conduct; management; direction; regulation;
execution; dispensation; distribution.
Ad*min"is*tra`tive (#), a. [L.
administrativus: cf. F.
administratif.] Pertaining to
administration; administering; executive; as, an
administrative body, ability, or energy. --
Ad*min"is*tra`tive*ly,
adv.
Ad*min`is*tra"tor (#), n.
[L.] 1. One who administers affairs; one
who directs, manages, executes, or dispenses, whether in civil,
judicial, political, or ecclesiastical affairs; a manager.
2. (Law) A man who manages or settles
the estate of an intestate, or of a testator when there is no
competent executor; one to whom the right of administration has
been committed by competent authority.
Ad*min`is*tra"tor*ship, n. The position
or office of an administrator.
Ad*min`is*tra"trix (#), n.
[NL.] A woman who administers; esp., one who
administers the estate of an intestate, or to whom letters of
administration have been granted; a female administrator.
Ad`mi*ra*bil"i*ty (#), n. [L.
admirabilitac.] Admirableness.
[R.]
Johnson.
Ad"mi*ra*ble (#), a. [L.
admirabilis: cf. F. admirable.]
1. Fitted to excite wonder; wonderful;
marvelous. [Obs.]
In man there is nothing admirable but his ignorance
and weakness.
Jer. Taylor.
2. Having qualities to excite wonder united with
approbation; deserving the highest praise; most excellent; --
used of persons or things. \'bdAn admirable
machine.\'b8 \'bdAdmirable fortitude.\'b8
Macaulay.
Syn. -- Wonderful; marvelous; surprising; excellent;
delightful; praiseworthy.
Ad"mi*ra*ble*ness, n. The quality of
being admirable; wonderful excellence.
Ad"mi*ra*bly, adv. In an admirable
manner.
Ad"mi*ral (#), n. [OE.
amiral, admiral, OF. amiral,
ultimately fr. Ar. am\'c6r-al-bahr commander of the
sea; Ar. am\'c6r is commander, al is the
Ar. article, and am\'c6r-al, heard in different
titles, was taken as one word. Early forms of the word show
confusion with L. admirabilis admirable, fr.
admirari to admire. It is said to have been introduced
into Europe by the Genoese or Venetians, in the 12th or 13th
century. Cf. Ameer, Emir.] 1.
A naval officer of the highest rank; a naval officer of high
rank, of which there are different grades. The chief gradations
in rank are admiral, vice admiral, and
rear admiral. The admiral is the commander
in chief of a fleet or of fleets.
2. The ship which carries the admiral; also, the
most considerable ship of a fleet.
Like some mighty admiral, dark and terrible,
bearing down upon his antagonist with all his canvas straining to
the wind, and all his thunders roaring from his broadsides.
E. Everett.
3. (Zo\'94l.) A handsome butterfly
(Pyrameis Atalanta) of Europe and America. The larva
feeds on nettles.
Admiral shell (Zo\'94l.), the
popular name of an ornamental cone shell (Conus
admiralis).
Lord High Admiral, a great officer of state,
who (when this rare dignity is conferred) is at the head of the
naval administration of Great Britain.
Ad"mi*ral*ship, n. The office or
position oaf an admiral; also, the naval skill of an
admiral.
Ad"mi*ral*ty (#), n.; pl.
Admiralties (#). [F.
amiraut\'82, for an older amiralt\'82,
office of admiral, fr. LL. admiralitas. See
Admiral.] 1. The office or
jurisdiction of an admiral.
Prescott.
2. The department or officers having authority over
naval affairs generally.
3. The court which has jurisdiction of maritime
questions and offenses.
4. The system of jurisprudence of admiralty
courts.
5. The building in which the lords of the
admiralty, in England, transact business.
Ad*mir"ance (#), n. [Cf. OF.
admirance.] Admiration.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
Ad`mi*ra"tion (#), n. [F., fr.
L. admiratio. See Admire.] 1.
Wonder; astonishment. [Obs.]
Season your admiration for a while.
Shak.
2. Wonder mingled with approbation or delight; an
emotion excited by a person or thing possessed of wonderful or
high excellence; as, admiration of a beautiful
woman, of a landscape, of virtue.
3. Cause of admiration; something to excite wonder,
or pleased surprise; a prodigy.
Now, good Lafeu, bring in the admiration.
Shak.
Note of admiration, the mark (!), called also
exclamation point.
Syn. -- Wonder; approval; appreciation; adoration;
reverence; worship.
Ad*mir"a*tive (#), a. Relating
to or expressing admiration or wonder. [R.]
Earle.
Ad*mire" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Admired
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Admiring
(#).] [F. admirer, fr. L.
admirari; ad + mirari to wonder, for
smirari, akin to Gr. / to smile, Skr.
smi, and E. smile.] 1.
To regard with wonder or astonishment; to view with
surprise; to marvel at. [Archaic]
Examples rather to be admired than imitated.
Fuller.
2. To regard with wonder and delight; to look upon
with an elevated feeling of pleasure, as something which calls
out approbation, esteem, love, or reverence; to estimate or prize
highly; as, to admire a person of high moral worth,
to admire a landscape.
Admired as heroes and as gods obeyed.
Pope.
Admire followed by the infinitive is
obsolete or colloquial; as, I admire to see a man
consistent in his conduct.
Syn. -- To esteem; approve; delight in.
Ad*mire", v. i.To wonder; to marvel; to
be affected with surprise; -- sometimes with at.
To wonder at Pharaoh, and even admire at
myself.
Fuller.
Ad*mired" (#), a. 1.
Regarded with wonder and delight; highly prized; as, an
admired poem.
2. Wonderful; also, admirable.
[Obs.] \'bdAdmired disorder.\'b8 \'bd
Admired Miranda.\'b8
Shak.
Ad*mir"er (#), n. One who
admires; one who esteems or loves greatly.
Cowper.
Ad*mir"ing, a. Expressing admiration;
as, an admiring glance. --
Ad*mir"ing*ly, adv.
Shak.
Ad*mis`si*bil"i*ty (#), n. [Cf.
F. admissibilit\'82.] The quality of being
admissible; admissibleness; as, the admissibility of
evidence.
Ad*mis"si*ble (#), a. [F.
admissible, LL. admissibilis. See
Admit.] Entitled to be admitted, or worthy of
being admitted; that may be allowed or conceded; allowable;
as, the supposition is hardly admissible.
-- Ad*mis"si*ble*ness, n. --
Ad*mis"si*bly, adv.
Ad*mis"sion (#), n. [L.
admissio: cf. F. admission. See
Admit.] 1. The act or practice of
admitting.
2. Power or permission to enter; admittance;
entrance; access; power to approach.
What numbers groan for sad admission there!
Young.
3. The granting of an argument or position not
fully proved; the act of acknowledging something /serted;
acknowledgment; concession.
The too easy admission of doctrines.
Macaulay.
4. (Law) Acquiescence or concurrence in
a statement made by another, and distinguishable from a
confession in that an admission presupposes prior inquiry by
another, but a confession may be made without such inquiry.
5. A fact, point, or statement admitted; as,
admission made out of court are received in
evidence.
6. (Eng. Eccl. Law) Declaration of the
bishop that he approves of the presentee as a fit person to serve
the cure of the church to which he is presented.
Shipley.
Syn. -- Admittance; concession; acknowledgment; concurrence;
allowance. See Admittance.
Ad*mis"sive (#), a.Implying an
admission; tending to admit. [R.]
Lamb.
Ad*mis"so*ry (#), a. Pertaining
to admission.
Ad*mit" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Admitted; p.
pr. & vb. n. Admitting.] [OE.
amitten, L. admittere, admissum;
ad + mittere to send: cf. F. admettre, OF.
admettre, OF. ametre. See
Missile.] 1. To suffer to enter; to
grant entrance, whether into a place, or into the mind, or
consideration; to receive; to take; as, they were into his
house; to admit a serious thought into the mind; to
admit evidence in the trial of a cause.
2. To give a right of entrance; as, a ticket
one into a playhouse.
3. To allow (one) to enter on an office or to enjoy
a privilege; to recognize as qualified for a franchise; as,
to admit an attorney to practice law; the prisoner was
admitted to bail.
4. To concede as true; to acknowledge or assent to,
as an allegation which it is impossible to deny; to own or
confess; as, the argument or fact is admitted; he
admitted his guilt.
5. To be capable of; to permit; as, the words
do not admit such a construction. In this sense,
of may be used after the verb, or may be
omitted.
Both Houses declared that they could admit of no
treaty with the king.
Hume.
Ad*mit"ta*ble (#), a.
Admissible.
Sir T. Browne.
Ad*mit"tance (#), n. 1.
The act of admitting.
2. Permission to enter; the power or right of
entrance; also, actual entrance; reception.
To gain admittance into the house.
South.
He desires admittance to the king.
Dryden.
To give admittance to a thought of fear.
Shak.
3. Concession; admission; allowance; as, the
admittance of an argument.
[Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
4. Admissibility. [Obs.]
Shak.
5. (Eng. Law) The act of giving
possession of a copyhold estate.
Bouvier.
Syn. -- Admission; access; entrance; initiation.
-- Admittance, Admission. These words
are, to some extent, in a state of transition and change.
Admittance is now chiefly confined to its primary
sense of access into some locality or building. Thus we see on
the doors of factories, shops, etc. \'bdNo
admittance.\'b8 Its secondary or moral sense, as
\'bdadmittance to the church,\'b8 is almost entirely
laid aside. Admission has taken to itself the
secondary or figurative senses; as, admission to the
rights of citizenship; admission to the church; the
admissions made by one of the parties in a
dispute. And even when used in its primary sense, it is not
identical with admittance. Thus, we speak of
admission into a country, territory, and other larger
localities, etc., where admittance could not be used.
So, when we speak of admission to a concert or other
public assembly, the meaning is not perhaps exactly that of
admittance, viz., access within the walls of the
building, but rather a reception into the audience, or access to
the performances. But the lines of distinction on this subject
are one definitely drawn.
\'d8Ad`mit*ta"tur (#), n. [L.,
let him be admitted.] The certificate of admission
given in some American colleges.
Ad*mit"ted (#), a. Received as
true or valid; acknowledged. --
Ad*mit"ted*ly adv.
Confessedly.
Ad*mit"ter (#), n. One who
admits.
Ad*mix" (#), v. t. [Pref.
ad- + mix: cf. L. admixtus, p.
p. of admiscere. See Mix.] To
mingle with something else; to mix. [R.]
Ad*mix"tion (?; 106), n. [L.
admixtio.] A mingling of different things;
admixture.
Glanvill.
Ad*mix"ture (?; 135), n. [L.
admiscere, admixtum, to admix; ad +
miscere to mix. See Mix.]
1. The act of mixing; mixture.
2. The compound formed by mixing different
substances together.
3. That which is mixed with anything.
Ad*mon"ish (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Admonished
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Admonishing.] [OE.
amonesten, OF. amonester, F.
admonester, fr. a supposed LL.
admonesstrare, fr. L. admonere to remind,
warn; ad + monere to warn. See
Monition.] 1. To warn or notify of a
fault; to reprove gently or kindly, but seriously; to
exhort. \'bdAdmonish him as a brother.\'b8
2 Thess. iii. 15.
2. To counsel against wrong practices; to cation or
advise; to warn against danger or an offense; -- followed by
of, against, or a subordinate clause.
Admonishing one another in psalms and hymns.
Col. iii. 16.
I warned thee, I admonished thee, foretold
The danger, and the lurking enemy.
Milton.
3. To instruct or direct; to inform; to
notify.
Moses was admonished of God, when he was about to
make the tabernacle.
Heb. viii. 5.
Ad*mon"ish*er (#), n. One who
admonishes.
Ad*mon"ish*ment (#), n. [Cf.
OF. amonestement, admonestement.]
Admonition. [R.]
Shak.
Ad`mo*ni"tion (#), n. [OE.
amonicioun, OF. amonition, F.
admonition, fr. L. admonitio, fr.
admonere. See Admonish.] Gentle or
friendly reproof; counseling against a fault or error; expression
of authoritative advice; friendly caution or warning.
Syn. -- Admonition, Reprehension,
Reproof. Admonition is
prospective, and relates to moral delinquencies; its object is to
prevent further transgression. Reprehension and
reproof are retrospective, the former being milder
than the latter. A person of any age or station may be liable to
reprehension in case of wrong conduct; but
reproof is the act of a superior. It is authoritative
fault-finding or censure addressed to children or to
inferiors.
Ad`mo*ni"tion*er (#), n.
Admonisher. [Obs.]
Ad*mon"i*tive (#), a.
Admonitory. [R.] Barrow. --
Ad*mon"i*tive*ly, adv.
Ad*mon"i*tor (#), n. [L.]
Admonisher; monitor.
Conscience is at most times a very faithful and prudent
admonitor.
Shenstone.
Ad*mon`i*to"ri*al (#), a.
Admonitory. [R.] \'bdAn
admonitorial tone.\'b8
Dickens.
Ad*mon"i*to*ry (#), a. [LL.
admonitorius.] That conveys admonition;
warning or reproving; as, an admonitory
glance. -- Ad*mon"i*to*ri*ly,
(#), adv.
Ad*mon"i*trix (#), n.
[L.] A female admonitor.
Ad*mor`ti*za"tion (#), n. [LL.
admortizatio. Cf. Amortization.]
(Law) The reducing or lands or tenements to
mortmain. See Mortmain.
Ad*move" (#), v. t. [L.
admovere. See Move.] To move or
conduct to or toward. [Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
Ad*nas"cent (#), a. [L.
adnascens, p. pr. of adnasci to be born,
grow.] Growing to or on something else. \'bdAn
adnascent plant.\'b8
Evelyn.
Ad"nate (#), a. [L.
adnatus, p. p. of adnasci. See
Adnascent, and cf. Agnate.] 1.
(Physiol.) Grown to congenitally.
2. (Bot.) Growing together; -- said only
of organic cohesion of unlike parts.
An anther is adnate when fixed by its whole length
to the filament.
Gray.
3. (Zo\'94l.) Growing with one side
adherent to a stem; -- a term applied to the lateral zooids of
corals and other compound animals.
Ad*na"tion (#), n. (Bot.)
The adhesion or cohesion of different floral verticils or
sets of organs.
Ad*nom"i*nal (#), a. [L.
ad + nomen noun.] (Gram.)
Pertaining to an adnoun; adjectival; attached to a
noun. Gibbs. --
Ad*nom"i*nal*ly, adv.
Ad"noun` (#), n. [Pref.
ad- + noun.] (Gram.)
An adjective, or attribute. [R.]
Coleridge.
Ad*nu"bi*la`ted (#), a. [L.
adnubilatus, p. p. of adnubilare.]
Clouded; obscured. [R.]
A*do" (#), (1) v. inf., (2)
n. [OE. at do, northern form for
to do. Cf. Affair.] 1. To
do; in doing; as, there is nothing. \'bdWhat is
here ado?\'b8
J. Newton.
2. Doing; trouble; difficulty; troublesome
business; fuss; bustle; as, to make a great ado
about trifles.
With much ado, he partly kept awake.
Dryden.
Let's follow to see the end of this ado.
Shak.
\'d8A*do"be (#), n. [Sp.]
An unburnt brick dried in the sun; also used as an
adjective, as, an adobe house, in Texas or New
Mexico.
Ad`o*les"cence (#), n. [Fr.,
fr. L. adolescentia.] The state of growing
up from childhood to manhood or womanhood; youth, or the period
of life between puberty and maturity, generally considered to be,
in the male sex, from fourteen to twenty-one. Sometimes used with
reference to the lower animals.
Ad`o*les"cen*cy (#), n. The
quality of being adolescent; youthfulness.
<-- p. 24 -->
Ad`o*les"cent (#), a. [L.
adolescens, p. pr. of adolescere to grow up
to; ad + the inchoative olescere to grow:
cf. F. adolescent. See Adult.]
Growing; advancing from childhood to maturity.
Schools, unless discipline were doubly strong,
Detain their adolescent charge too long.
Cowper.
Ad`o*les"cent, n. A youth.
Ad`o*ne"an (#), a. [L.
Adon/us.] Pertaining to Adonis;
Adonic. \'bdFair Adonean Venus.\'b8
Faber.
A*don"ic (#), a. [F.
adonique: cf. L. Adonius.]
Relating to Adonis, famed for his beauty. --
n. An Adonic verse.
Adonic verse, a verse consisting of a dactyl
and spondee (#).
\'d8A*do"nis (#), n. [L., gr.
Gr. /.] 1. (Gr. Myth.) A youth
beloved by Venus for his beauty. He was killed in the chase by a
wild boar.
2. A pre\'89minently beautiful young man; a
dandy.
3. (Bot.) A genus of plants of the
family Ranunculace\'91, containing the pheasaut's eye
(Adonis autumnalis); -- named from Adonis, whose blood
was fabled to have stained the flower.
A*do"nist (#), n. [Heb.
/d/n\'bei my Lords.] One who maintains
that points of the Hebrew word translated \'bdJehovah\'b8 are
really the vowel points of the word \'bdAdonai.\'b8 See
Jehovist.
Ad"o*nize (#), v. t. [Cf. F.
adoniser, fr. Adonis.] To
beautify; to dandify.
I employed three good hours at least in adjusting and
adonozing myself.
Smollett.
{ A*door (#), A*doors
(#), }At the door; of the door; as, out
adoors.
Shak.
I took him in adoors.
Vicar's Virgil (1630).
A*dopt" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Adopted; p. pr.
& vb. n. Adopting.] [L.
adoptare; ad + optare to choose, desire:
cf. F. adopter. See Option.]
1. To take by choice into relationship, as,
child, heir, friend, citizen, etc. ; esp. to take
voluntarily (a child of other parents) to be in the place of, or
as, one's own child.
2. To take or receive as one's own what is not so
naturally; to select and take or approve; as, to
adopt the view or policy of another; these resolutions
were adopted.
A*dopt"a*ble (#), a. Capable of
being adopted.
A*dopt"ed (#), a. Taken by
adoption; taken up as one's own; as, an adopted son,
citizen, country, word. --
A*dopt"ed*ly, adv.
A*dopt"er (#), n. 1.
One who adopts.
2. (Chem.) A receiver, with two necks,
opposite to each other, one of which admits the neck of a retort,
and the other is joined to another receiver. It is used in
distillations, to give more space to elastic vapors, to increase
the length of the neck of a retort, or to unite two vessels whose
openings have different diameters. [Written also
adapter.]
A*dop"tion (#), n. [L.
adoptio, allied to adoptare to adopt: cf.
F. adoption.] 1. The act of
adopting, or state of being adopted; voluntary acceptance of a
child of other parents to be the same as one's own child.
2. Admission to a more intimate relation;
reception; as, the adoption of persons into
hospitals or monasteries, or of one society into
another.
3. The choosing and making that to be one's own
which originally was not so; acceptance; as, the
adoption of opinions.
Jer. Taylor.
A*dop"tion*ist, n. (Eccl. Hist.)
One of a sect which maintained that Christ was the Son of
God not by nature but by adoption.
A*dop"tious (#), a.
Adopted. [Obs.]
A*dopt"ive (#), a. [L.
adoptivus: cf. F. adoptif.]
Pertaining to adoption; made or acquired by adoption; fitted
to adopt; as, an adoptive father, an child; an
adoptive language. --
A*dopt"ive*ly, adv.
A*dor`a*bil"i*ty (#), n.
Adorableness.
A*dor"a*ble (#), a. [L.
adorabilis, fr. adorare: cf. F.
adorable.] 1. Deserving to be
adored; worthy of divine honors.
The adorable Author of Christianity.
Cheyne.
2. Worthy of the utmost love or respect.
A*dor"a*ble*ness, n. The quality of
being adorable, or worthy of adoration.
Johnson.
A*dor"a*bly, adv. In an adorable
manner.
Ad`o*ra"tion (#), n. [L.
adoratio, fr. adorare: cf. F.
adoration.] 1. The act of playing
honor to a divine being; the worship paid to God; the act of
addressing as a god.
The more immediate objects of popular adoration
amongst the heathens were deified human beings.
Farmer.
2. Homage paid to one in high esteem; profound
veneration; intense regard and love; fervent devotion.
3. A method of electing a pope by the expression of
homage from two thirds of the conclave.
[Pole] might have been chosen on the spot by
adoration.
Froude.
A*dore" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Adored (#); p. pr. & vb.
n. Adoring (#).] [OE.
aouren, anouren, adoren, OF.
aorer, adorer, F. adorer, fr. L.
adorare; ad + orare to speak, pray,
os, oris, mouth. In OE. confused with
honor, the French prefix a- being confused
with OE. a, an, on. See
Oral.] 1. To worship with profound
reverence; to pay divine honors to; to honor as deity or as
divine.
Bishops and priests, . . . bearing the host, which he [James
/.] publicly adored.
Smollett.
2. To love in the highest degree; to regard with
the utmost esteem and affection; to idolize.
The great mass of the population abhorred Popery and
adored Montouth.
Macaulay.
A*dore", v. t. To adorn.
[Obs.]
Congealed little drops which do the morn adore.
Spenser.
A*dore"ment (#), n. The act of
adoring; adoration. [Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
A*dor"er (#), n. One who
adores; a worshiper; one who admires or loves greatly; an ardent
admirer. \'bdAn adorer of truth.\'b8
Clarendon.
I profess myself her adorer, not her friend.
Shak.
A*dor"ing*ly, adv. With adoration.
A*dorn" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Adorned
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Adorning.] [OE. aournen,
anournen, adornen, OF. aorner,
fr. L. aaornare; ad + ornare to furnish,
embellish. See Adore, Ornate.] To
deck or dress with ornaments; to embellish; to set off to
advantage; to render pleasing or attractive.
As a bride adorneth herself with her jewels.
Isa. lxi. 10.
At church, with meek and unaffected grace,
His looks adorned the venerable place.
Goldsmith.
Syn. -- To deck; decorate; embellish; ornament; beautify;
grace; dignify; exalt; honor. -- To Adorn,
Ornament, Decorate, Embellish. We
decorate and ornament by putting on some
adjunct which is attractive or beautiful, and which
serves to heighten the general effect. Thus, a lady's head-dress
may be ornament or decorated with flowers
or jewelry; a hall may be decorated or
ornament with carving or gilding, with wreaths of
flowers, or with hangings. Ornament is used in a wider
sense than decorate. To embellish is to
beautify or ornament richly, not so much by mere additions or
details as by modifying the thing itself as a whole. It sometimes
means gaudy and artificial decoration. We embellish a
book with rich engravings; a style is embellished with
rich and beautiful imagery; a shopkeeper embellishes
his front window to attract attention. Adorn is
sometimes identical with decorate, as when we say, a
lady was adorned with jewels. In other cases, it seems
to imply something more. Thus, we speak of a gallery of paintings
as adorned with the works of some of the great
masters, or adorned with noble statuary and columns.
Here decorated and ornamented would hardly
be appropriate. There is a value in these works of genius beyond
mere show and ornament. Adorn may be used of what is
purely moral; as, a character adorned with every
Christian grace. Here neither decorate, nor
ornament, nor embellish is proper.
A*dorn", n. Adornment.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
A*dorn", a. Adorned; decorated.
[Obs.]
Milton.
Ad`or*na"tion (#), n.
Adornment. [Obs.]
A*dorn"er (#), n. He who, or
that which, adorns; a beautifier.
A*dorn"ing*ly, adv. By adorning;
decoratively.
A*dorn"ment (#), n. [Cf. OF.
adornement. See Adorn.] An
adorning; an ornament; a decoration.
Ad*os"cu*la"tion (#), n. [L.
adosculari, adosculatum, to kiss. See
Osculate.] (Biol.) Impregnation by
external contact, without intromission.
A*down" (#), adv. [OE.
adun, adoun, adune. AS. of
d\'d4ne off the hill. See Down.]
From a higher to a lower situation; downward; down, to or on
the ground. [Archaic] \'bdThrice did she sink
adown.\'b8
Spenser.
A*down", prep. Down.
[Archaic & Poetic]
Her hair adown her shoulders loosely lay
displayed.
Prior.
Ad*press" (#), v. t. [L.
adpressus, p. p. of adprimere.]
See Appressed. --
Ad*pressed", (#),
a.
A*drad" (#), p. a. [P. p. of
adread.] Put in dread; afraid.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Ad"ra*gant (#), n. [F., a
corruption of tragacanth.] Gum
tragacanth.
Brande & C.
A*dread" (#), v. t. & i. [AS.
andr\'91dan, ondr\'91; pref. a-
(for and against) + dr\'91den to dread. See
Dread.] To dread. [Obs.]
Sir P. Sidney.
A*dreamed" (#), p. p. Visited
by a dream; -- used in the phrase, To be adreamed, to
dream. [Obs.]
Ad*re"nal (#), a. [Pref.
ad- + renal.] (Anat.)
Suprarenal.
A"dri*an (#), a. [L.
Hadrianus.] Pertaining to the Adriatic Sea;
as, Adrian billows.
A`dri*at"ic (#), a. [L.
Adriaticus, Hadriaticus, fr.
Adria or Hadria, a town of the
Veneti.] Of or pertaining to a sea so named, the
northwestern part of which is known as the Gulf of Venice.
A*drift" (#), adv. & a. [Pref.
a- (for on) + drift.]
Floating at random; in a drifting condition; at the mercy of
wind and waves. Also fig.
So on the sea shall be set adrift.
Dryden.
Were from their daily labor turned adrift.
Wordsworth.
A*drip" (#), adv. & a. [Pref.
a- in + drip.] In a dripping
state; as, leaves all adrip.
D. G. Mitchell.
Ad"ro*gate (#), v. t. [See
Arrogate.] (Rom. Law) To adopt (a
person who is his own master).
Ad`ro*ga"tion (#), n. [L.
adrogatio, arrogatio, fr.
adrogare. See Arrogate.] (Rom.
Law) A kind of adoption in ancient Rome. See
Arrogation.
A*droit" (#), a. [F.
adroit; \'85 (L. ad) =
droit straight, right, fr. L. directus, p.
p. of dirigere. See Direct.]
Dexterous in the use of the hands or in the exercise of the
mental faculties; exhibiting skill and readiness in avoiding
danger or escaping difficulty; ready in invention or execution;
-- applied to persons and to acts; as, an adroit
mechanic, an adroit reply.
\'bdAdroit in the application of the telescope and
quadrant.\'b8 Horsley. \'bdHe was adroit in
intrigue.\'b8
Macaulay.
Syn. -- Dexterous; skillful; expert; ready; clever; deft;
ingenious; cunning; ready-witted.
A*droit"ly, adv. In an adroit
manner.
A*droit"ness, n. The quality of being
adroit; skill and readiness; dexterity.
Adroitness was as requisite as courage.
Motley.
Syn. -- See Skill.
A*dry" (#), a. [Pref.
a- (for on) + dry.]
In a dry or thirsty condition. \'bdA man that is
adry.\'b8
Burton.
Ad`sci*ti"tious (#), a. [L.
adscitus, p. p. of adsciscere,
asciscere, to take knowingly; ad + sciscere
to seek to know, approve, scire to know.]
Supplemental; additional; adventitious; ascititious.
\'bdAdscititious evidence.\'b8 Bowring. --
Ad`sci*ti"tious*ly,
adv.
Ad"script (#), a. [L.
adscriptus, p. p. of adscribere to
enroll. See Ascribe.] Held to service as
attached to the soil; -- said of feudal serfs.
Ad"script (#), n. One held to
service as attached to the glebe or estate; a feudal serf.
Bancroft.
Ad*scrip"tive (#), a.[L.
adscriptivus. See Adscript.]
Attached or annexed to the glebe or estate and transferable
with it.
Brougham.
Ad*sig`ni*fi*ca"tion (#), n.
Additional signification. [R.]
Tooke.
Ad*sig"ni*fy (#), v. t. [L.
adsignificare to show.] To denote
additionally. [R.]
Tooke.
Ad*strict" (#), v. t. --
Ad*stric"tion, (#)
n. See Astrict, and
Astriction.
Ad*stric"to*ry (#), a. See
Astrictory.
Ad*strin"gent (#), a. See
Astringent.
\'d8Ad`u*la"ri*a (#), n. [From
Adula, a mountain peak in Switzerland, where fine
specimens are found.] (Min.) A transparent
or translucent variety of common feldspar, or orthoclase, which
often shows pearly opalescent reflections; -- called by
lapidaries moonstone.
Ad"u*late (#), v. t. [L.
adulatus, p. p. of adulari.] To
flatter in a servile way.
Byron.
Ad`u*la"tion (#), n. [F.
adulation, fr. L. adulatio, fr.
adulari, adulatum, to flatter.]
Servile flattery; praise in excess, or beyond what is
merited.
Think'st thou the fiery fever will go out
With titles blown from adulation?
Shak.
Syn. -- Sycophancy; cringing; fawning; obsequiousness;
blandishment. -- Adulation,
Flattery, Compliment. Men deal in
compliments from a desire to please; they use
flattery either from undue admiration, or a wish to
gratify vanity; they practice adulation from sordid
motives, and with a mingled spirit of falsehood and hypocrisy.
Compliment may be a sincere expression of due respect
and esteem, or it may be unmeaning; flattery is apt to
become gross; adulation is always servile, and usually
fulsome.
Ad"u*la`tor (#), n. [L., fr.
adulari: cf. F. adulateur.] A
servile or hypocritical flatterer.
Carlyle.
Ad"u*la*to*ry (#), a. [L.
adulatorius, fr. adulari: cf. OF.
adulatoire.] Containing excessive praise or
compliment; servilely praising; flattering; as, an
adulatory address.
A mere rant of adulatory freedom.
Burke.
Ad"u*la`tress (#), n. A woman
who flatters with servility.
A*dult" (#), a. [L.
adultus, p. p. of adolescere, akin to
alere to nourish: cf. F. adulte. See
Adolescent, Old.] Having arrived at
maturity, or to full size and strength; matured; as, an
adult person or plant; an adult ape; an
adult age.
A*dult", n. A person, animal, or plant
grown to full size and strength; one who has reached
maturity.
common law, the term is applied to
a person who has attained full age or legal majority; in the
civil law, to males after the age of fourteen, and to
females after twelve.
A*dul"ter (#), v. i. [L.
adulterare.] To commit adultery; to
pollute. [Obs.]
B. Jonson.
A*dul"ter*ant (#), n. [L.
adulterans, p. pr. of adulterare.]
That which is used to adulterate anything. --
a. Adulterating; as, adulterant agents
and processes.
A*dul"ter*ate (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Adulterated
(#); p. pr. & vb. n Adulterating
(#).] [L. adulteratus, p. p.
of adulterare, fr. adulter adulterer, prob.
fr. ad + alter other, properly one who approaches
another on account of unlawful love. Cf.
Advoutry.]
1. To defile by adultery. [Obs.]
Milton.
2. To corrupt, debase, or make impure by an
admixture of a foreign or a baser substance; as, to
adulterate food, drink, drugs, coin, etc.
The present war has . . . adulterated our tongue
with strange words.
Spectator.
Syn. -- To corrupt; defile; debase; contaminate; vitiate;
sophisticate.
A*dul"ter*ate, v. i. To commit
adultery. [Obs.]
A*dul"ter*ate (#), a. 1.
Tainted with adultery.
2. Debased by the admixture of a foreign substance;
adulterated; spurious.
-- A*dul"ter*ate*ly, adv. --
A*dul"ter*ate*ness, n.
A*dul`ter*a"tion (#), n. [L.
adulteratio.] 1. The act of
adulterating; corruption, or debasement (esp. of food or drink)
by foreign mixture.
The shameless adulteration of the coin.
Prescott.
2. An adulterated state or product.
A*dul"ter*a`tor (#), n.
[L.] One who adulterates or corrupts.
[R.]
Cudworth.
A*dul"ter*er (#), n. [Formed
fr. the verb adulter, with the E. ending
-er. See Advoutrer.] 1. A
man who commits adultery; a married man who has sexual
intercourse with a woman not his wife.
2. (Script.) A man who violates his
religious covenant.
Jer. ix. 2.
A*dul"ter*ess (#), n. [Fem.
from L. adulter. Cf. Advoutress.]
1. A woman who commits adultery.
2. (Script.) A woman who violates her
religious engagements.
James iv. 4.
A*dul"ter*ine (#), a.[L.
adulterinus, fr. adulter.]
Proceeding from adulterous intercourse. Hence: Spurious;
without the support of law; illegal.
When any particular class of artificers or traders thought
proper to act as a corporation without a charter, such were
called adulterine guilds.
Adam Smith.
A*dul"ter*ine, n. An illegitimate
child. [R.]
A*dul"ter*ize (#), v. i. To
commit adultery.
Milton.
A*dul"ter*ous (#), a. 1.
Guilty of, or given to, adultery; pertaining to adultery;
illicit.
Dryden.
2. Characterized by adulteration; spurious.
\'bdAn adulterous mixture.\'b8 [Obs.]
Smollett.
A*dul"ter*ous*ly, adv. In an adulterous
manner.
A*dul"ter*y (#), n.; pl.
Adulteries(#). [L.
adulterium. See Advoutry.] 1.
The unfaithfulness of a married person to the marriage bed;
sexual intercourse by a married man with another than his wife,
or voluntary sexual intercourse by a married woman with another
than her husband.
<-- p. 25 -->
double adultery; between a married and an unmarried
person, single adultery.
2. Adulteration; corruption.
[Obs.]
B. Jonson.
3. (Script.) (a) Lewdness or
unchastity of thought as well as act, as forbidden by the seventh
commandment. (b) Faithlessness in
religion.
Jer. iii. 9.
4. (Old Law) The fine and penalty
imposed for the offense of adultery.
5. (Eccl.) The intrusion of a person
into a bishopric during the life of the bishop.
6. Injury; degradation; ruin.
[Obs.]
You might wrest the caduceus out of my hand to the
adultery and spoil of nature.
B. Jonson.
A*dult"ness (#), n. The state
of being adult.
Ad*um"brant (#), a. [L.
adumbrans, p. pr. of adumbrare.]
Giving a faint shadow, or slight resemblance; shadowing
forth.
Ad*um"brate (#), v. t. [L.
adumbratus, p. p. of adumbrare; ad +
umbrare to shade; umbra shadow.]
1. To give a faint shadow or slight representation
of; to outline; to shadow forth.
Both in the vastness and the richness of the visible universe
the invisible God is adumbrated.
L. Taylor.
2. To overshadow; to shade.
Ad`um*bra"tion (#), n. [L.
adumbratio.] 1. The act of
adumbrating, or shadowing forth.
2. A faint sketch; an outline; an imperfect
portrayal or representation of a thing.
Elegant adumbrations of sacred truth.
Bp. Horsley.
3. (Her.) The shadow or outlines of a
figure.
Ad*um"bra*tive (#), a. Faintly
representing; typical.
Carlyle.
Ad`u*na"tion (#), n. [L.
adunatio; ad + unus one.] A
uniting; union.
Jer. Taylor.
{ A*dunc", A*dunque" }
(#), a. (Zo\'94l.) Hooked;
as, a parrot has an adunc bill.
A*dun"ci*ty (#), n. [L.
aduncitas. See Aduncous.]
Curvature inwards; hookedness.
The aduncity of the beaks of hawks.
Pope.
A*dun"cous (#), a. [L.
aduncus; ad + uncus hooked, hook.]
Curved inwards; hooked.
A*dure" (#), v. t. [L.
adurere; ad + urere to burn.] To
burn up. [Obs.]
Bacon.
A*dust" (#), a. [L.
adustus, p. p. of adurere: cf. F.
aduste.] 1. Inflamed or scorched;
fiery. \'bdThe Libyan air adust.\'bd
Milton.
2. Looking as if or scorched; sunburnt.
A tall, thin man, of an adust complexion.
Sir W. Scott.
3. (Med.) Having much heat in the
constitution and little serum in the blood. [Obs.]
Hence: Atrabilious; sallow; gloomy.
A*dust"ed, a. Burnt; adust.
[Obs.]
Howell.
A*dust"i*ble (#), a. That may
be burnt. [Obs.]
A*dus"tion (?; 106), n. [L.
adustio, fr. adurere, adustum:
cf. F. adustion.] 1. The act of
burning, or heating to dryness; the state of being thus heated or
dried. [Obs.]
Harvey.
2. (Surg.) Cauterization.
Buchanan.
\'d8Ad va*lo"rem (#). [L., according to
the value.] (Com.) A term used to denote a
duty or charge laid upon goods, at a certain rate per cent upon
their value, as stated in their invoice, -- in opposition to a
specific sum upon a given quantity or number; as, an ad
valorem duty of twenty per cent.
Ad*vance" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Advanced
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Advancing
(#)(#).] [OE. avancen,
avauncen, F. avancer, fr. a supposed LL.
abantiare; ab + ante (F. avant)
before. The spelling with d was a mistake,
a- being supposed to be fr. L. ad. See
Avaunt.] 1. To bring forward; to
move towards the van or front; to make to go on.
2. To raise; to elevate.
[Archaic]
They . . . advanced their eyelids.
Shak.
3. To raise to a higher rank; to promote.
Ahasueres . . . advanced him, and set his seat
above all the princes.
Esther iii. 1.
4. To accelerate the growth or progress; to
further; to forward; to help on; to aid; to heighten; as, to
advance the ripening of fruit; to advance one's
interests.
5. To bring to view or notice; to offer or propose;
to show; as, to advance an argument.
Some ne'er advance a judgment of their own.
Pope.
6. To make earlier, as an event or date; to
hasten.
7. To furnish, as money or other value, before it
becomes due, or in aid of an enterprise; to supply beforehand;
as, a merchant advances money on a contract or on
goods consigned to him.
8. To raise to a higher point; to enhance; to raise
in rate; as, to advance the price of
goods.
9. To extol; to laud. [Obs.]
Greatly advancing his gay chivalry.
Spenser.
Syn. -- To raise; elevate; exalt; aggrandize; improve;
heighten; accelerate; allege; adduce; assign.
Ad*vance", v. i. 1. To move or
go forward; to proceed; as, he advanced to greet
me.
2. To increase or make progress in any respect;
as, to advance in knowledge, in stature, in years,
in price.
3. To rise in rank, office, or consequence; to be
preferred or promoted.
Advanced to a level with ancient peers.
Prescott.
Ad*vance", n. [Cf. F. avance,
fr. avancer. See Advance,
v.] 1. The act of advancing or
moving forward or upward; progress.
2. Improvement or progression, physically,
mentally, morally, or socially; as, an advance in
health, knowledge, or religion; an advance in rank or
office.
3. An addition to the price; rise in price or
value; as, an advance on the prime cost of
goods.
4. The first step towards the attainment of a
result; approach made to gain favor, to form an acquaintance, to
adjust a difference, etc.; an overture; a tender; an offer; --
usually in the plural.
[He] made the like advances to the dissenters.
Swift.
5. A furnishing of something before an equivalent
is received (as money or goods), towards a capital or stock, or
on loan; payment beforehand; the money or goods thus furnished;
money or value supplied beforehand.
I shall, with pleasure, make the necessary
advances.
Jay.
The account was made up with intent to show what
advances had been made.
Kent.
In advance (a) In front; before.
(b) Beforehand; before an equivalent is
received. (c) In the state of having advanced
money on account; as, A is advance to B a thousand
dollars or pounds.
Ad*vance" (#), a. Before in
place, or beforehand in time; -- used for advanced;
as, an advance guard, or that before the main guard
or body of an army; advance payment, or that made before
it is due; advance proofs, advance sheets,
pages of a forthcoming volume, received in advance of the time of
publication.
Ad*vanced" (#), a. 1.
In the van or front.
2. In the front or before others, as regards
progress or ideas; as, advanced opinions,
advanced thinkers.
3. Far on in life or time.
A gentleman advanced in years, with a hard
experience written in his wrinkles.
Hawthorne.
Advanced guard, a detachment of troops which
precedes the march of the main body.
Ad*vance"ment (#), n. [OE.
avancement, F. avancement. See
Advance, v. t.] 1. The
act of advancing, or the state of being advanced; progression;
improvement; furtherance; promotion to a higher place or dignity;
as, the advancement of learning.
In heaven . . . every one (so well they love each other)
rejoiceth and hath his part in each other's
advancement.
Sir T. More.
True religion . . . proposes for its end the joint
advancement of the virtue and happiness of the
people.
Horsley.
2. An advance of money or value; payment in
advance. See Advance, 5.
3. (Law) Property given, usually by a
parent to a child, in advance of a future distribution.
4. Settlement on a wife, or jointure.
[Obs.]
Bacon.
Ad*van"cer (#), n. 1.
One who advances; a promoter.
2. A second branch of a buck's antler.
Howell.
Ad*van"cive (#), a. Tending to
advance. [R.]
Ad*van"tage (?; 61, 48), n.
[OE. avantage, avauntage, F.
avantage, fr. avant before. See
Advance, and cf. Vantage.] 1.
Any condition, circumstance, opportunity, or means,
particularly favorable to success, or to any desired end;
benefit; as, the enemy had the advantage of a more
elevated position.
Give me advantage of some brief discourse.
Shak.
The advantages of a close alliance.
Macaulay.
2. Superiority; mastery; -- with of or
over.
Lest Satan should get an advantage of us.
2 Cor. ii. 11.
3. Superiority of state, or that which gives it;
benefit; gain; profit; as, the advantage of a good
constitution.
4. Interest of money; increase; overplus (as the
thirteenth in the baker's dozen). [Obs.]
And with advantage means to pay thy love.
Shak.
Advantage ground, vantage ground.
[R.] Clarendon. -- To have the
advantage of (any one), to have a personal knowledge of
one who does not have a reciprocal knowledge. \'bdYou
have the advantage of me; I don't remember ever to have
had the honor.\'b8 Sheridan. -- To take advantage
of, to profit by; (often used in a bad sense) to
overreach, to outwit.
Syn. -- Advantage, Advantageous,
Benefit, Beneficial. We speak of
a thing as a benefit, or as beneficial,
when it is simply productive of good; as, the benefits
of early discipline; the beneficial effects of
adversity. We speak of a thing as an advantage, or as
advantageous, when it affords us the means of getting
forward, and places us on a \'bdvantage ground\'b8 for further
effort. Hence, there is a difference between the
benefits and the advantages of early
education; between a beneficial and an
advantageous investment of money.
Ad*van"tage, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Advantaged (#); p. pr. & vb.
n. Advantaging (#).] [F.
avantager, fr. avantage. See
Advance.] To give an advantage to; to
further; to promote; to benefit; to profit.
The truth is, the archbishop's own stiffness and averseness to
comply with the court designs, advantaged his
adversaries against him.
Fuller.
What is a man advantaged, if he gain the whole
world, and lose himself, or be cast away?
Luke ix. 25.
To advantage one's self of, to avail one's
self of. [Obs.]
Ad*van"tage*a*ble (#), a.
Advantageous. [Obs.]
Ad`van*ta"geous (#), a. [F.
avantageux, fr. avantage.] Being
of advantage; conferring advantage; gainful; profitable; useful;
beneficial; as, an advantageous position; trade is
advantageous to a nation.
Advabtageous comparison with any other country.
Prescott.
You see . . . of what use a good reputation is, and how swift
and advantageous a harbinger it is, wherever one
goes.
Chesterfield.
Ad`van*ta"geous*ly, adv. Profitably;
with advantage.
Ad`van*ta"geous*ness, n.
Profitableness.
Ad*vene" (#), v. i. [L.
advenire; ad + venire to come: cf. F.
avenir, advenir. See Come.]
To accede, or come (to); to be added to something
or become a part of it, though not essential.
[R.]
Where no act of the will advenes as a
coefficient.
Coleridge.
Ad*ven"ient (#), a. [L.
adviens, p. pr.] Coming from outward
causes; superadded. [Obs.]
Ad`vent (#), n. [L.
adventus, fr. advenire,
adventum: cf. F. avent. See
Advene.] 1. (Eccl.) The
period including the four Sundays before Christmas.
Advent Sunday (Eccl.), the first
Sunday in the season of Advent, being always the nearest Sunday
to the feast of St. Andrew (Now. 30).
Shipley.
2. The first or the expected second coming of
Christ.
3. Coming; any important arrival; approach.
Death's dreadful advent.
Young.
Expecting still his advent home.
Tennyson.
Ad"vent*ist (#), n. One of a
religious body, embracing several branches, who look for the
proximate personal coming of Christ; -- called also
Second Adventists.
Schaff-Herzog Encyc.
Ad`ven*ti"tious (#), a. [L.
adventitius.] 1. Added
extrinsically; not essentially inherent; accidental or causal;
additional; supervenient; foreign.
To things of great dimensions, if we annex an
adventitious idea of terror, they become without
comparison greater.
Burke.
2. (Nat. Hist.) Out of the proper or
usual place; as, adventitious buds or
roots.
3. (Bot.) Accidentally or sparingly
spontaneous in a country or district; not fully naturalized;
adventive; -- applied to foreign plants.
4. (Med.) Acquired, as diseases;
accidental.
-- Ad`ven*ti"tious*ly, adv. --
Ad`ven*ti"tious*ness, n.
Ad*ven"tive (#), a. 1.
Accidental.
2. (Bot.) Adventitious.
Gray.
Ad*ven"tive, n. A thing or person coming
from without; an immigrant. [R.]
Bacon.
Ad*ven"tu*al (?; 135), a.
Relating to the season of advent.
Sanderson.
Ad*ven"ture (?; 135), n. [OE.
aventure, aunter, anter, F.
aventure, fr. LL. adventura, fr. L.
advenire, adventum, to arrive, which in the
Romance languages took the sense of \'bdto happen, befall.\'b8
See Advene.]
1. That which happens without design; chance;
hazard; hap; hence, chance of danger or loss.
Nay, a far less good to man it will be found, if she must, at
all adventures, be fastened upon him individually.
Milton.
2. Risk; danger; peril. [Obs.]
He was in great adventure of his life.
Berners.
3. The encountering of risks; hazardous and
striking enterprise; a bold undertaking, in which hazards are to
be encountered, and the issue is staked upon unforeseen events; a
daring feat.
He loved excitement and adventure.
Macaulay.
4. A remarkable occurrence; a striking event; a
stirring incident; as, the adventures of one's
life.
Bacon.
5. A mercantile or speculative enterprise of
hazard; a venture; a shipment by a merchant on his own
account.
A bill of adventure (Com.), a
writing setting forth that the goods shipped are at the owner's
risk.
Syn. -- Undertaking; enterprise; venture; event.
Ad*ven"ture, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Adventured (#); p. pr. & vb.
n. Adventuring (#).]
[OE. aventuren, auntren, F.
aventurer, fr. aventure. See
Adventure, n.] 1. To
risk, or hazard; jeopard; to venture.
He would not adventure himself into the
theater.
Acts xix. 31.
2. To venture upon; to run the risk of; to
dare.
Yet they adventured to go back.
Bunyan,
Discriminations might be adventured.
J. Taylor.
Ad*ven"ture, v. i. To try the chance; to
take the risk.
I would adventure for such merchandise.
Shak.
Ad*ven"ture*ful (#), a. Given
to adventure.
Ad*ven"tur*er (#), n. [Cf. F.
aventurier.]
1. One who adventures; as, the merchant
adventurers; one who seeks his fortune in new and
hazardous or perilous enterprises.
2. A social pretender on the lookout for
advancement.
Ad*ven"ture*some (#), a. Full
of risk; adventurous; venturesome. --
Ad*ven"ture*some*ness,
n.
Ad*ven"tur*ess (#), n. A female
adventurer; a woman who tries to gain position by equivocal
means.
Ad*ven"tur*ous (#), a. [OE.
aventurous, aunterous, OF.
aventuros, F. aventureux, fr.
aventure. See Adventure, n.]
1. Inclined to adventure; willing to incur hazard;
prone to embark in hazardous enterprise; rashly daring; --
applied to persons.
Bold deed thou hast presumed, adventurous Eve.
Milton.
2. Full of hazard; attended with risk; exposing to
danger; requiring courage; rash; -- applied to acts; as, an
adventurous undertaking, deed, song.
Syn. -- Rash; foolhardy; presumptuous; enterprising; daring;
hazardous; venturesome. See Rash.
Ad*ven"tur*ous*ly, adv. In an
adventurous manner; venturesomely; boldly; daringly.
Ad*ven"tur*ous*ness, n. The quality or
state of being adventurous; daring; venturesomeness.
Ad"verb (#), n. [L.
adverbium; ad + verbum word, verb: cf. F.
adverbe.] (Gram.) A word used to
modify the sense of a verb, participle, adjective, or other
adverb, and usually placed near it; as, he writes
well; paper extremely white.
Ad*ver"bi*al (#), a. [L.
adverbialis: cf. F. adverbial.]
Of or pertaining to an adverb; of the nature of an adverb;
as, an adverbial phrase or form.
Ad*ver`bi*al"i*ty (#), n. The
quality of being adverbial.
Earle.
Ad*ver"bi*al*ize (#), v. t. To
give the force or form of an adverb to.
Ad*ver"bi*al*ly, adv. In the manner of
an adverb.
\'d8Ad`ver*sa"ri*a (#), n. pl.
[L. adversaria (sc. scripta), neut.
pl. of adversarius.] A miscellaneous
collection of notes, remarks, or selections; a commonplace book;
also, commentaries or notes.
These parchments are supposed to have been St. Paul's
adversaria.
Bp. Bull.
Ad`ver*sa"ri*ous (#), a.
Hostile. [R.]
Southey.
Ad`ver*sa*ry (#), n.; pl.
Adversaries (#). [OE.
adversarie, direct fr. the Latin, and
adversaire, fr. OF. adversier,
aversier, fr. L. adversarius (a.) turned
toward, (n.) an adversary. See Adverse.] One
who is turned against another or others with a design to
oppose<-- p. 26 --> or resist them; a member of an opposing or
hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.
His ancient knot of dangerous adversaries.
Shak.
Agree with thine adversary quickly.
Matt. v. 25.
It may be thought that to vindicate the permanency of truth is
to dispute without an adversary.
Beattie.
The Adversary, The Satan, or the
Devil.
Syn. -- Adversary, Enemy,
Opponent, Antagonist.
Enemy is the only one of these words which necessarily
implies a state of personal hostility. Men may be
adversaries, antagonists, or
opponents to each other in certain respects, and yet
have no feelings of general animosity. An adversary
may be simply one who is placed for a time in a hostile position,
as in a lawsuit, an argument, in chess playing, or at fence. An
opponent is one who is ranged against another (perhaps
passively) on the opposing side; as a political
opponent, an opponent in debate. An
antagonist is one who struggles against another with
active effort, either in a literal fight or in verbal
debate.
Ad"ver*sa*ry (#), a. 1.
Opposed; opposite; adverse; antagonistic.
[Archaic]
Bp. King.
2. (Law) Having an opposing party; not
unopposed; as, an adversary suit.
Ad*ver"sa*tive (#), a. [L.
adversativus, fr. adversari.]
Expressing contrariety, opposition, or antithesis; as,
an adversative conjunction (but,
however, yet, etc. ); an
adversative force. --
Ad*ver"sa*tive*ly,
adv.
Ad*ver"sa*tive, n. An adversative
word.
Harris.
Ad"verse (#), a. [OE.
advers, OF. avers, advers, fr.
L. adversus, p. p. advertere to turn to.
See Advert.]
1. Acting against, or in a contrary direction;
opposed; contrary; opposite; conflicting; as,
adverse winds; an adverse party; a spirit
adverse to distinctions of caste.
2. Opposite. \'bdCalpe's adverse
height.\'b8
Byron.
3. In hostile opposition to; unfavorable;
unpropitious; contrary to one's wishes; unfortunate; calamitous;
afflictive; hurtful; as, adverse fates,
adverse circumstances, things
adverse.
Happy were it for us all if we bore prosperity as well and
wisely as we endure an adverse fortune.
Southey.
Adverse possession (Law), a
possession of real property avowedly contrary to some claim of
title in another person.
Abbott.
Syn. -- Averse; reluctant; unwilling. See
Averse.
Ad*verse" (#), v. t. [L.
adversari: cf. OF. averser.] To
oppose; to resist. [Obs.]
Gower.
Ad"verse*ly (277), adv. In an
adverse manner; inimically; unfortunately; contrariwise.
Ad"verse*ness, n. The quality or state
of being adverse; opposition.
{ Ad*ver`si*fo"li*ate (#),
Ad*ver`si*fo"li*ous (#) } a.
[L. adver + folium leaf.] (Bot.)
Having opposite leaves, as plants which have the leaves so
arranged on the stem.
Ad*ver"sion (#), n.[L.
adversio] A turning towards;
attention. [Obs.]
Dr. H. More.
Ad*ver"si*ty (#), n.; pl.
Adversities(#). [OE.
adversite, F. adversit\'82, fr. L.
adversitas.] 1. Opposition;
contrariety. [Obs.]
Wyclif.
Adversity is not without comforts and hopes.
Bacon.
Syn. -- Affliction; distress; misery; disaster; trouble;
suffering; trial.
Ad*vert" (#), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Adverted; p.
pr. & vb. n. Adverting.] [L.
advertere, v. t., to turn to; ad + vertere
to turn: cf. F. avertir. See
Advertise.] To turn the mind or attention; to
refer; to take heed or notice; -- with to; as, he
adverted to what was said.
I may again advert to the distinction.
Owen.
Syn.- To refer; allude; regard. See Refer.
{ Ad*vert"ence (#), Ad*vert"en*cy
(#), }[OF. advertence,
avertence, LL. advertentia, fr. L.
advertens. See Advertent.] The act
of adverting, of the quality of being advertent; attention;
notice; regard; heedfulness.
To this difference it is right that advertence
should be had in regulating taxation.
J. S. Mill.
Ad*vert"ent (#), a. [L.
advertens, -entis, p. pr. of
advertere. See Advert.] Attentive;
heedful; regardful. Sir M. Hale. --
Ad*vert"ent*ly, adv.
Ad`ver*tise" (?; 277), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Advertised
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Advertising
(#).] [F. avertir, formerly
also spelt advertir, to warn, give notice to, L.
advertere to turn to. The ending was probably
influenced by the noun advertisement. See
Advert.] To give notice to; to inform or
apprise; to notify; to make known; hence, to warn; -- often
followed by of before the subject of information;
as, to advertise a man of his loss.
[Archaic]
I will advertise thee what this people shall
do.
Num. xxiv. 14.
4. To give public notice of; to announce publicly,
esp. by a printed notice; as, to advertise goods for
sale, a lost article, the sailing day of a vessel, a political
meeting.
Syn. -- To apprise; inform; make known; notify; announce;
proclaim; promulgate; publish.
Ad*ver"tise*ment (?; 277), n.
[F.avertisement, formerly also spelled
advertissement, a warning, giving notice, fr.
avertir.] 1. The act of informing
or notifying; notification. [Archaic]
An advertisement of danger.
Bp. Burnet.
2. Admonition; advice; warning.
[Obs.]
Therefore give me no counsel:
My griefs cry louder than advertisement.
Shak.
3. A public notice, especially a paid notice in
some public print; anything that advertises; as, a newspaper
containing many advertisement.
Ad`ver*tis"er (#), n. One who,
or that which, advertises.
Ad*vice" (#), n. [OE.
avis, F. avis; / + OF.
vis, fr. L. visum seemed, seen; really p.
p. of videre to see, so that vis meant that
which has seemed best. See Vision, and cf.
Avise, Advise.] 1. An
opinion recommended or offered, as worthy to be followed;
counsel.
We may give advice, but we can not give
conduct.
Franklin.
2. Deliberate consideration; knowledge.
[Obs.]
How shall I dote on her with more advice,
That thus without advice begin to love her?
Shak.
3. Information or notice given; intelligence;
as, late advices from France; -- commonly in
the plural.
advice usually
means information communicated by letter; -- used chiefly in
reference to drafts or bills of exchange; as, a letter of
advice.
McElrath.
4. (Crim. Law) Counseling to perform a
specific illegal act.
Wharton.
Advice boat, a vessel employed to carry
dispatches or to reconnoiter; a dispatch boat. -- To
take advice. (a) To accept advice.
(b) To consult with another or others.
Syn. -- Counsel; suggestion; recommendation; admonition;
exhortation; information; notice.
Ad*vis`a*bil"i*ty (#), n. The
quality of being advisable; advisableness.
Ad*vis"a*ble (#), a. 1.
Proper to be advised or to be done; expedient;
prudent.
Some judge it advisable for a man to account with
his heart every day.
South.
2. Ready to receive advice. [R.]
South.
Syn. -- Expedient; proper; desirable; befitting.
Ad*vis"a*ble-ness, n. The quality of
being advisable or expedient; expediency; advisability.
Ad*vis"a*bly, adv. With advice;
wisely.
Ad*vise" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Advised
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Advising
(#).] [OE. avisen to
perceive, consider, inform, F. aviser, fr. LL.
advisare. advisare; ad + visare,
fr. L. videre, visum, to see. See
Advice, and cf. Avise.] 1.
To give advice to; to offer an opinion, as worthy or
expedient to be followed; to counsel; to warn. \'bdI shall
no more advise thee.\'b8
Milton.
2. To give information or notice to; to inform; --
with of before the thing communicated; as, we were
advised of the risk.
To advise one's self, to bethink one's self;
to take counsel with one's self; to reflect; to consider.
[Obs.]
Bid thy master well advise himself.
Shak.
Syn. -- To counsel; admonish; apprise; acquaint.
Ad*vise", v. t. 1. To consider;
to deliberate. [Obs.]
Advise if this be worth attempting.
Milton.
2. To take counsel; to consult; -- followed by
with; as, to advise with
friends.
Ad*vis"ed*ly (#), adv. 1.
Circumspectly; deliberately; leisurely.
[Obs.]
Shak.
2. With deliberate purpose; purposely; by
design. \'bdAdvisedly undertaken.\'b8
Suckling.
Ad*vis"ed*ness n. Deliberate
consideration; prudent procedure; caution.
Ad*vise"ment (#), n. [OE.
avisement, F. avisement, fr.
aviser. See Advise, and cf.
Avisement.]
1. Counsel; advise; information.
[Archaic]
And mused awhile, waking advisement takes of what
had passed in sleep.
Daniel.
2. Consideration; deliberation; consultation.
Tempering the passion with advisement slow.
Spenser.
Ad*vis"er (#), n. One who
advises.
Ad*vis"er*ship, n. The office of an
adviser. [R.]
Ad*vi"so (#), n. [Cf. Sp.
aviso. See Advice.] Advice;
counsel; suggestion; also, a dispatch or advice boat.
[Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
Ad*vi"so*ry (#), a. Having
power to advise; containing advice; as, an advisory
council; their opinion is merely advisory.
The General Association has a general advisory
superintendence over all the ministers and churches.
Trumbull.
Ad"vo*ca*cy (#), n. [OF.
advocatie, LL. advocatia. See
Advocate.] The act of pleading for or
supporting; work of advocating; intercession.
Ad"vo*cate (#), n. [OE.
avocat, avocet, OF. avocat, fr.
L. advocatus, one summoned or called to another;
properly the p. p. of advocare to call to, call to
one's aid; ad + vocare to call. See Advowee,
Avowee, Vocal.] 1. One who
pleads the cause of another. Specifically: One who pleads the
cause of another before a tribunal or judicial court; a
counselor.
advocate
is the same as \'bdcounsel,\'b8 \'bdcounselor,\'b8 or
\'bdbarrister.\'b8 In the civil and ecclesiastical courts, the
term signifies the same as \'bdcounsel\'b8 at the common
law.
2. One who defends, vindicates, or espouses any
cause by argument; a pleader; as, an advocate of
free trade, an advocate of truth.
3. Christ, considered as an intercessor.
We have an Advocate with the Father.
1 John ii. 1.
Faculty of advocates (Scot.), the
Scottish bar in Edinburgh. -- Lord advocate
(Scot.), the public prosecutor of crimes, and
principal crown lawyer. -- Judge advocate.
See under Judge.
Ad"vo*cate (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Advocated
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Advocating
(#).] [See Advocate,
n., Advoke, Avow.] To
plead in favor of; to defend by argument, before a tribunal or
the public; to support, vindicate, or recommend publicly.
To advocate the cause of thy client.
Bp. Sanderson (1624).
This is the only thing distinct and sensible, that has been
advocated.
Burke.
Eminent orators were engaged to advocate his
cause.
Mitford.
Ad"vo*cate, v. i. To act as
advocate. [Obs.]
Fuller.
Ad"vo*cate*ship, n. Office or duty of an
advocate.
Ad`vo*ca"tion (#), n. [L.
advocatio: cf. OF. avocation. See
Advowson.] 1. The act of advocating
or pleading; plea; advocacy. [Archaic]
The holy Jesus . . . sits in heaven in a perpetual
advocation for us.
Jer. Taylor.
2. Advowson. [Obs.]
The donations or advocations of church livings.
Sanderson.
3. (Scots Law) The process of removing a
cause from an inferior court to the supreme court.
Bell.
Ad"vo*ca*to*ry (#), a. Of or
pertaining to an advocate. [R.]
Ad*voke" (#), v. t. [L.
advocare. See Advocate.] To
summon; to call. [Obs.]
Queen Katharine had privately prevailed with the pope to
advoke the cause to Rome.
Fuller.
Ad`vo*lu"tion (#), n. [L.
advolvere, advolutum, to roll to.]
A rolling toward something. [R.]
Ad*vou"trer (#), n. [OF.
avoutre, avoltre, fr. L.
adulter. Cf. Adulterer.] An
adulterer. [Obs.]
Ad*vou"tress (#), n. An
adulteress. [Obs.]
Bacon.
{ Ad*vou"try, Ad*vow"try }
(#), n. [OE. avoutrie,
avouterie, advoutrie, OF.
avoutrie, avulterie, fr. L.
adulterium. Cf. Adultery.]
Adultery. [Obs.]
Bacon.
Ad*vow*ee" (#), n. [OE.
avowe, F. avou\'82, fr. L.
advocatus. See Advocate, Avowee,
Avoyer.] One who has an advowson.
Cowell.
Ad*vow"son (?; 277), n. [OE.
avoweisoun, OF. avo\'89son, fr. L.
advocatio. Cf. Advocation.] (Eng.
Law) The right of presenting to a vacant benefice or
living in the church. [Originally, the relation of a patron
(advocatus) or protector of a benefice, and thus
privileged to nominate or present to it.]
advowson of more than half of them belongs to
private persons, and of the remainder to the crown, bishops,
deans and chapters, universities, and colleges.
Amer. Cyc.
Ad*voy"er (#), n. See
Avoyer. [Obs.]
Ad*ward" (#), n. Award.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
\'d8Ad`y*na"mi*a (#), n. [NL.
adynamia, fr. Gr. / want of strength; / priv + /
power, strength.] (Med.) Considerable
debility of the vital powers, as in typhoid fever.
Dunglison.
Ad`y*nam"ic (#), a. [Cf. F.
adynamique. See Adynamy.] 1.
(Med.) Pertaining to, or characterized by,
debility of the vital powers; weak.
2. (Physics) Characterized by the
absence of power or force.
Adynamic fevers, malignant or putrid fevers
attended with great muscular debility.
A*dyn"a*my (#), n.
Adynamia. [R.]
Morin.
\'d8Ad"y*tum (#), n.
Adyta (#). [L., fr. Gr. /, n., fr. /,
a., not to be entered; / priv. + / to enter.] The
innermost sanctuary or shrine in ancient temples, whence oracles
were given. Hence: A private chamber; a sanctum.
{ Adz, Adze } (#),
n. [OE. adese, adis,
adse, AS. adesa, adese, ax,
hatchet.] A carpenter's or cooper's tool, formed with
a thin arching blade set at right angles to the handle. It is
used for chipping or slicing away the surface of wood.
Adz, v. t. To cut with an adz.
[R.]
Carlyle.
\'92 or Ae. A diphthong in the
Latin language; used also by the Saxon writers. It answers to the
Gr. /. The Anglo-Saxon short \'91 was generally
replaced by a, the long / by e or
ee. In derivatives from Latin words with
ae, it is mostly superseded by e. For most
words found with this initial combination, the reader will
therefore search under the letter E.
\'d8\'92*cid"i*um (#), n.; pl.
\'92cidia (#). [NL., dim. of Gr.
/ injury.] (Bot.) A form of fruit in the
cycle of development of the Rusts or Brands, an order of fungi,
formerly considered independent plants.
\'92"dile (#), n. [L.
aedilis, fr. aedes temple, public building.
Cf. Edify.] A magistrate in ancient Rome, who
had the superintendence of public buildings, highways, shows,
etc.; hence, a municipal officer.
\'92"dile*ship, n. The office of an
\'91dile.
T. Arnold.
\'92*ge"an (#), a. [L.
Aegeus; Gr. /.] Of or pertaining to the
sea, or arm of the Mediterranean sea, east of Greece. See
Archipelago.
\'d8\'92`gi*cra"ni*a (#), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. /, /, goat + /, n. pl., heads.]
(Arch.) Sculptured ornaments, used in classical
architecture, representing rams' heads or skulls.
\'92g"i*lops (#), n. [L.
aegilopis, Gr. /, fr. /, gen. /, goat + /
eye.] 1. (Med.) An ulcer or
fistula in the inner corner of the eye.
2. (Bot.) (a) The great
wild-oat grass or other cornfield weed. Crabb.
(b) A genus of plants, called also
hardgrass.
\'d8\'92"gis (#), n. [L.
aegis, fr. Gr. / a goat skin, a shield, / goat, or
fr. / to rush.] A shield or protective armor; --
applied in mythology to the shield of Jupiter which he gave to
Minerva. Also fig.: A shield; a protection.
\'92*goph"o*ny (#), n. Same as
Egophony.
\'d8\'92*gro"tat (#), n. [L.,
he is sick.] (Camb. Univ.) A medical
certificate that a student is ill.
\'92*ne"id (#), n. [L.
Aeneis, Aeneidis, or -dos: cf.
F. /n\'82de.] The great epic poem of
Virgil, of which the hero is \'92neas.
A*\'89"ne*ous (#), a. [L.
a\'89neus.] (Zo\'94l.) Colored
like bronze.
\'92*o"li*an (#), a. [L.
Aeolius, Gr. /.] 1. Of or
pertaining to \'92olia or \'92olis, in Asia Minor, colonized by
the Greeks, or to its inhabitants; \'91olic; as, the
\'92olian dialect.
2. Pertaining to \'92olus, the mythic god of the
winds; pertaining to, or produced by, the wind; a\'89rial.
Viewless forms the \'91olian organ play.
Campbell.
\'92olian attachment, a contrivance often
attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations,
increases the <-- p. 27 --> volume of sound, etc., by forcing a
stream of air upon the strings. Moore. --
>mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre, a musical
instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched
strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually
placed at an open window. Moore. -- \'92olian
mode (Mus.), one of the ancient Greek and early
ecclesiastical modes.
\'92*ol"ic (#), a. [L.
Aeolicus; Gr. /.] \'92olian, 1; as,
the \'92olic dialect; the \'92olic
mode.
{ \'92*ol"i*pile, \'92*ol"i*pyle }
(#), n. [L. aeolipilae;
Aeolus god of the winds + pila a ball, or
Gr. / gate (i. e., doorway of \'92olus);
cf. F. \'82olipyle.] An apparatus
consisting chiefly of a closed vessel (as a globe or cylinder)
with one or more projecting bent tubes, through which steam is
made to pass from the vessel, causing it to revolve.
[Written also eolipile.]
b. c. It has often been
called the first steam engine.
\'92`o*lo*trop"ic (#), a. [Gr.
/ changeful + / a turning, / to turn.]
(Physics) Exhibiting differences of quality or
property in different directions; not isotropic.
Sir W. Thomson.
\'92`o*lot"ro*py (#), n.
(Physics) Difference of quality or property in
different directions.
\'d8\'92"o*lus (#), n. [L., fr.
Gr. /.] (Gr. & Rom. Myth.) The god of the
winds.
\'92"on (#), n. A period of
immeasurable duration; also, an emanation of the Deity. See
Eon.
\'92*o"ni*an (#), a. [Gr.
/.] Eternal; everlasting.
\'bd\'92onian hills.\'b8
Tennyson.
\'d8\'92`py*or"nis (#), n. [Gr.
/ high + / bird.] A gigantic bird found fossil in
Madagascar.
A"\'89r*ate (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. A/rated
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. A/rating
(#).] [Cf. F. a\'82rer. See
Air,v. t.] 1. To combine
or charge with gas; usually with carbonic acid gas, formerly
called fixed air.
His sparkling sallies bubbled up as from a\'89rated
natural fountains.
Carlyle.
2. To supply or impregnate with common air; as,
to a\'89rate soil; to a\'89rate
water.
3. (Physiol.) To expose to the chemical
action of air; to oxygenate (the blood) by respiration; to
arterialize.
A\'89rated bread, bread raised by charging
dough with carbonic acid gas, instead of generating the gas in
the dough by fermentation.
A`\'89r*a"tion (#), n. [Cf. F.
a\'82ration.] 1. Exposure to the
free action of the air; airing; as, a\'89ration of
soil, of spawn, etc.
2. (Physiol.) A change produced in the
blood by exposure to the air in respiration; oxygenation of the
blood in respiration; arterialization.
3. The act or preparation of charging with carbonic
acid gas or with oxygen.
A"\'89r*a`tor (#), n. That
which supplies with air; esp. an apparatus used for charging
mineral waters with gas and in making soda water.
A*\'89"ri*al (#), a. [L.
a\'89rius. See Air.] 1.
Of or pertaining to the air, or atmosphere; inhabiting or
frequenting the air; produced by or found in the air; performed
in the air; as, a\'89rial regions or
currents. \'bdA\'89rial spirits.\'b8
Milton. \'bdA\'89rial voyages.\'b8
Darwin.
2. Consisting of air; resembling, or partaking of
the nature of air. Hence: Unsubstantial; unreal.
3. Rising aloft in air; high; lofty; as,
a\'89rial spires.
4. Growing, forming, or existing in the air, as
opposed to growing or existing in earth or water, or underground;
as, a\'89rial rootlets, a\'89rial
plants.
Gray.
5. Light as air; ethereal.
A\'89rial acid, carbonic acid.
[Obs.] Ure. -- A\'89rial
perspective. See Perspective.
A*\'89`ri*al"i*ty (#), n. The
state of being a\'89rial; /nsubstantiality.
[R.]
De Quincey.
A*\'89"ri*al*ly (#), adv. Like,
or from, the air; in an a\'89rial manner. \'bdA murmur
heard a\'89rially.\'b8
Tennyson.
Ae"rie (?; 277), n. [OE.
aire, eire, air, nest, also
origin, descent, OF. aire, LL. area,
aera, nest of a bird of prey, perh. fr. L.
area an open space (for birds of prey like to build
their nests on flat and open spaces on the top of high rocks).
Cf. Area.] The nest of a bird of prey, as of
an eagle or hawk; also a brood of such birds; eyrie.
Shak. Also fig.: A human residence or resting place
perched like an eagle's nest.
A`\'89r*if"er*ous (#), a. [L.
a\'89r air + -ferous: cf. F.
a\'82rif\'8are.] Conveying or containing
air; air-bearing; as, the windpipe is an
a\'89riferous tube.
A`\'89r*i*fi*ca"tion (#), n.
[Cf. F. a\'82rification. See
A/rify.] 1. The act of combining
air with another substance, or the state of being filled with
air.
2. The act of becoming a\'89rified, or of changing
from a solid or liquid form into an a\'89riform state; the state
of being a\'89riform.
A"\'89r*i*form (?; 277), a. [L.
a\'89r air + -form: cf. F.
a\'82riforme.] Having the form or nature of
air, or of an elastic fluid; gaseous. Hence fig.: Unreal.
A"\'89r*i*fy (#), v. t. [L.
a\'89r air + -fly.] 1.
To infuse air into; to combine air with.
2. To change into an a\'89riform state.
A"\'89r*o-. [Gr. /, /, air.] The
combining form of the Greek word meaning air.
A"\'89r*o*bies (#), n. pl.
[A\'89ro- + Gr. / life.]
(Biol.) Micro\'94rganisms which live in contact
with the air and need oxygen for their growth; as the
microbacteria which form on the surface of putrefactive
fluids.
A`\'89r*o*bi*ot"ic (?; 101), a.
(Biol.) Related to, or of the nature of,
a\'89robies; as, a\'89robiotic plants, which live
only when supplied with free oxygen.
A"\'89r*cyst (#), n.
[A\'89ro- + cyst.]
(Bot.) One of the air cells of algals.
A"\'89r*o*dy*nam"ic (#), a.
Pertaining to the force of air in motion.
A`\'89r*o*dy*nam"ics (#), n.
[A\'89ro- + dynamics: cf. F.
a\'82rodynamique.] The science which treats
of the air and other gaseous bodies under the action of force,
and of their mechanical effects.
A`\'89r*og"no*sy (#), n.
[A\'89ro- + Gr. / knowing, knowledge: cf. F.
a\'82rognosie.] The science which treats of
the properties of the air, and of the part it plays in
nature.
Craig.
A`\'89r*og"ra*pher (#), n. One
versed in a\'89ography: an a\'89rologist.
{ A`\'89r*o*graph"ic (#),
A`\'89r*o*graph"ic*al (#), }
a. Pertaining to a\'89rography;
a\'89rological.
A`\'89r*og"ra*phy (#), n.
[A\'89ro- + -graphy: cf. F.
a\'82rographie.] A description of the air
or atmosphere; a\'89rology.
A`\'89r*o*hy`dro*dy*nam"ic (#), a.
[A\'89ro- + hydrodynamic.]
Acting by the force of air and water; as, an
a\'89rohydrodynamic wheel.
A"\'89r*o*lite (#), n.
[A\'89ro- + -lite: cf. F.
a\'82rolithe.] (Meteor.) A
stone, or metallic mass, which has fallen to the earth from
distant space; a meteorite; a meteoric stone.
stony
meteorites.
A"\'89r*o*lith (#), n. Same as
A/rolite.
A`\'89r*o*li*thol"o*gy (#), n.
[A\'89ro- + lithology.] The
science of a\'89rolites.
A`\'89r*o*lit"ic (#), a. Of or
pertaining to a\'89rolites; meteoric; as,
a\'89rolitic iron.
Booth.
{ A`\'89r*o*log"ic (#),
A`\'89r*o*log"ic*al (#), } a.
Of or pertaining to a\'89rology.
A`\'89r*ol"o*gist (#), n. One
versed in a\'89rology.
A`\'89r*ol"o*gy (#), n.
[A\'89ro- + -logy: cf. F.
a\'82rologie.] That department of physics
which treats of the atmosphere.
A"\'89r*o*man`cy (#), n.
[A\'89ro- + -mancy: cf. F.
a\'82romancie.] Divination from the state
of the air or from atmospheric substances; also, forecasting
changes in the weather.
A`\'89r*om"e*ter (#), n.
[A\'89ro- + -meter: cf. F.
\'82rom\'8atre.] An instrument for
ascertaining the weight or density of air and gases.
A`\'89r*o*met"ric (#), a. Of or
pertaining to a\'89rometry; as, a\'89rometric
investigations.
A`\'89r*om"e*try (#), n.
[A\'89ro- + -metry: cf. F.
\'82rom\'82trie.] The science of measuring
the air, including the doctrine of its pressure, elasticity,
rarefaction, and condensation; pneumatics.
A"\'89r*o*naut (?; 277), n. [F.
a\'82ronaute, fr. Gr. / air + / sailor. See
Nautical.] An a\'89rial navigator; a
balloonist.
{ A`\'89r*o*naut"ic (#),
A`\'89r*o*naut"ic*al (#), } a.
[Cf. F. a\'82ronauitique.] Pertaining
to a\'89ronautics, or a\'89rial sailing.
A`\'89r*o*naut"ics (#), n. The
science or art of ascending and sailing in the air, as by means
of a balloon; a\'89rial navigation; ballooning.
{ \'d8A`\'89r*o*pho"bi*a (#),
A`\'89r*oph"o*by (#), } n.
[A\'89ro- + Gr. / fear: cf. F.
a\'82rophobie.] (Med.) Dread of
a current of air.
A"\'89r*o*phyte (/), n.
[A\'89ro- + Gr. / plant, / to grow: cf. F.
a\'82rophyte.] (Bot.) A plant
growing entirely in the air, and receiving its nourishment from
it; an air plant or epiphyte.
A"\'89r*o*plane` (/), n.
[A\'89ro- + plane.] A
flying machine, or a small plane for experiments on flying, which
floats in the air only when propelled through it.
A"\'89r*o*scope (/), n.
[A\'89ro- + Gr. / to look out.]
(Biol.) An apparatus designed for collecting
spores, germs, bacteria, etc., suspended in the air.
A`\'89r*os"co*py (/), n.
[A\'89ro- + Gr. / a looking out; / to spy
out.] The observation of the state and variations of
the atmosphere.
\'92*rose" (/), a. [L.
aerosus, fr. aes, aeris, brass,
copper.] Of the nature of, or like, copper;
brassy. [R.]
A`\'89r*o*sid"er*ite (/), n.
[A\'89ro- + siderite.]
(Meteor.) A mass of meteoric iron.
A"\'89r*o*sphere (/), n.
[A\'89ro- + sphere: cf. F.
a\'82rosph\'8are.] The atmosphere.
[R.]
A"\'89r*o*stat (/), n. [F.
a\'82rostat, fr. Gr. / air + / placed. See
Statics.] 1. A balloon.
2. A balloonist; an a\'89ronaut.
{A`\'89r*o*stat"ic (/),
A`\'89r*o*stat"ic*al (/),}
a. [A\'89ro- + Gr. /: cf. F.
a\'82rostatique. See Statical,
Statics.] 1. Of or pertaining to
a\'89rostatics; pneumatic.
2. A\'89ronautic; as, an a\'89rostatic
voyage.
A`\'89r*o*stat"ics (/), n.
The science that treats of the equilibrium of elastic
fluids, or that of bodies sustained in them. Hence it includes
a\'89ronautics.
A`\'89r*os*ta"tion (/), n.
[Cf. F. a\'82rostation the art of using
a\'89rostats.] 1. A\'89rial
navigation; the art of raising and guiding balloons in the
air.
2. The science of weighing air;
a\'89rostatics. [Obs.]
\'92*ru"gi*nous (/), a. [L.
aeruginosus, fr. aerugo rust of copper, fr.
aes copper: cf. F. \'82rugineux.]
Of the nature or color of verdigris, or the rust of
copper.
\'d8\'92*ru"go (/), n. [L.
aes brass, copper.] The rust of any metal,
esp. of brass or copper; verdigris.
Ae"ry (/), n. An aerie.
A"\'89r*y (/), a. [See
Air.] A\'89rial; ethereal; incorporeal;
visionary. [Poetic]
M. Arnold.
\'92s`cu*la"pi*an (/), a.
Pertaining to \'92sculapius or to the healing art; medical;
medicinal.
\'92s`cu*la"pi*us (/), n. [L.
Aesculapius, Gr. /.] (Myth.)
The god of medicine. Hence, a physician.
\'92s"cu*lin (/), n. Same as
Esculin.
\'92*so"pi*an, E*so"pi*an (/),
a. [L. Aesopius, from Gr. /, fr. the
famous Greek fabulist \'92sop (/).] Of or
pertaining to \'92sop, or in his manner.
\'92*sop"ic, E*sop"ic
(/), a. [L.
Aesopicus, Gr. /.] Same as
\'92sopian.
\'d8\'92s*the"si*a (/), n.
[Gr. / sensation, fr. / to perceive.]
(Physiol.) Perception by the senses; feeling; --
the opposite of an\'91sthesia.
\'92s*the`si*om"e*ter, Es*the`si*om"e*ter
(/), n. [Gr. / (see
\'92sthesia) + \'cfmeter.] An
instrument to measure the degree of sensation, by determining at
how short a distance two impressions upon the skin can be
distinguished, and thus to determine whether the condition of
tactile sensibility is normal or altered.
\'d8\'92s*the""sis (/), n.
[Gr. /.] Sensuous perception.
[R.]
Ruskin.
\'92s`the*sod"ic (/), a. [Gr.
/ sensation + / a way; cf. F.
esth\'82sodique.] (Physiol.)
Conveying sensory or afferent impulses; \'d0 said of
nerves.
\'92s"thete (/), n. [Gr. /
one who perceives.] One who makes much or overmuch of
\'91sthetics. [Recent]
{\'92s*thet"ic (/),
\'92s*thet"ic*al (/),} a.
Of or Pertaining to \'91sthetics; versed in \'91sthetics;
as, \'91sthetic studies, emotions, ideas, persons,
etc.
-- \'92s*thet"ic*al*ly,
adv.
\'92s`the*ti"can (#), n. One
versed in \'91sthetics.
\'92s*thet"i*cism (#), n. The
doctrine of \'91sthetics; \'91sthetic principles; devotion to the
beautiful in nature and art.
Lowell.
\'92s*thet"ics, Es*thet"ics (/;
277), n. [Gr. / perceptive, esp. by
feeling, fr. / to perceive, feel: cf. G.
\'84sthetik, F. esth\'82tique.]
The theory or philosophy of taste; the science of the
beautiful in nature and art; esp. that which treats of the
expression and embodiment of beauty by art.
\'92s`tho-phys`i*ol"o*gy(#), n.
[Gr. / to perceive + E. physiology.]
The science of sensation in relation to nervous
action.
H. Spenser.
\'92s"ti*val (#), a. [L.
aestivalis, aestivus, fr. aestas
summer.] Of or belonging to the summer; as,
\'91stival diseases. [Spelt also
estival.]
\'92s"ti*vate (#), v. i. [L.
aestivare, aestivatum.] 1.
To spend the summer.
2. (Zo\'94l.) To pass the summer in a
state of torpor.
[Spelt also estivate.]
\'92s`ti*va"tion (#), n. 1.
(Zo\'94l.) The state of torpidity induced by the
heat and dryness of summer, as in certain snails; -- opposed to
hibernation.
2. (Bot.) The arrangement of the petals
in a flower bud, as to folding, overlapping, etc.;
prefloration.
Gray.
[Spelt also estivation.]
\'92s"tu*a*ry (?; 135), n. & a.
See Estuary.
\'92s"tu*ous (#), a. [L.
aestuosus, fr. aestus fire, glow.]
Glowing; agitated, as with heat.
A*\'89`the*og"a*mous (#), a.
[Gr. / unusual (/ priv. + / custom) + /
marriage.] (Bot.) Propagated in an unusual
way; cryptogamous.
\'92"ther (#), n. See
Ether.
\'92"thi*ops min"er*al (#). (Chem.)
Same as Ethiops mineral. [Obs.]
\'92th"o*gen (#), n. [Gr. /
fire, light + -gen.] (Chem.) A
compound of nitrogen and boro/, which, when heated before the
blowpipe, gives a brilliant phosphorescent; boric nitride.
\'92"thri*o*scope (#), n. [Gr.
/ clear + / to observe.] An instrument consisting
in part of a differential thermometer. It is used for measuring
changes of temperature produced by different conditions of the
sky, as when clear or clouded.
\'92`ti*o*log"ic*al (#), a.
Pertaining to \'91tiology; assigning a cause. --
\'92`ti*o*log"ic*al*ly,
adv.
\'92`ti*ol"o*gy (#), n. [L.
aetologia, Gr. /; / cause + / description: cf.
F. \'82tiologie.] 1. The science,
doctrine, or demonstration of causes; esp., the investigation of
the causes of any disease; the science of the origin and
development of things.
2. The assignment of a cause.
\'d8A`\'89*ti"tes (#), n. [L.,
fr. Gr. / (sc. /) stone, fr. / eagle.] See
Eaglestone.
A*far" (#), adv. [Pref.
a-.(for on or of) +
far.] At, to, or from a great distance; far
away; -- often used with from preceding, or
off following; as, he was seen from afar;
I saw him afar off.
The steep where Fame's proud temple shines
afar.
Beattie.
A*feard" (#), p. a. [OE.
afered, AS. \'bef/red, p. p. of
\'bef/ran to frighten; \'be- (cf. Goth.
us-, Ger. er-, orig. meaning
out) + f/ran to frighten. See
Fear.] Afraid. [Obs.]
Be not afeard; the isle is full of noises.
Shak.
\'d8A"fer (#), n. [L.]
The southwest wind.
Milton.
Af`fa*bil"i*ty (#), n. [L.
affabilitas: cf. F. affabilit\'82.]
The quality of being affable; readiness to converse;
courteousness in receiving others and in conversation;
complaisant behavior.
Affability is of a wonderful efficacy or power in
procuring love.
Elyot
Af"fa*ble (#), a. [F.
affable, L. affabilis, fr.
affari to speak to; ad + fari to speak. See
Fable.] 1. Easy to be spoken to or
addressed; receiving others kindly and conversing with them in a
free and friendly manner; courteous; sociable.
An affable and courteous gentleman.
Shak.
His manners polite and affable.
Macaulay.
2. Gracious; mild; benign.
A serene and affable countenance.
Tatler.
Syn. -- Courteous; civil; complaisant; accessible; mild;
benign; condescending.
Af"fa*ble*ness, n. Affability.
Af"fa*bly, adv. In an affable manner;
courteously.
<-- p. 28 -->
Af"fa*brous (#), a. [L.
affaber workmanlike; ad + faber.]
Executed in a workmanlike manner; ingeniously made.
[R.]
Bailey.
Af*fair" (#), n. [OE.
afere, affere, OF. afaire, F.
affaire, fr. a faire to do; L.. ad +
facere to do. See Fact, and cf.
Ado.] 1. That which is done or is to
be done; matter; concern; as, a difficult affair to
manage; business of any kind, commercial, professional, or
public; -- often in the plural. \'bdAt the head of
affairs.\'b8 Junius. \'bdA talent
for affairs.\'b8 Prescott.
2. Any proceeding or action which it is wished to
refer to or characterize vaguely; as, an affair of
honor, i. e., a duel; an affair of love,
i. e., an intrigue.
3. (Mil.) An action or engagement not of
sufficient magnitude to be called a battle.
4. Action; endeavor. [Obs.]
And with his best affair
Obeyed the pleasure of the Sun.
Chapman.
5. A material object (vaguely designated).
A certain affair of fine red cloth much worn and
faded.
Hawthorne.
Af*fam"ish (#), v. t. & i. [F.
affamer, fr. L. ad + fames hunger. See
Famish.] To afflict with, or perish from,
hunger. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Af*fam"ish*ment (#), n.
Starvation.
Bp. Hall.
Af*fat"u*ate (#), v. t. [L.
ad + fatuus foolish.] To infatuate.
[Obs.]
Milton.
Af*fear" (#), v. t. [OE.
aferen, AS. \'bef/ran. See
Afeard.] To frighten.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
Af*fect" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Affected; p.
pr. & vb. n. Affecting.] [L.
affectus, p. p. of afficere to affect by
active agency; ad + facere to make: cf. F.
affectere, L. affectare, freq. of
afficere. See Fact.] 1.
To act upon; to produce an effect or change upon.
As might affect the earth with cold heat.
Milton.
The climate affected their health and spirits.
Macaulay.
2. To influence or move, as the feelings or
passions; to touch.
A consideration of the rationale of our passions seems to me
very necessary for all who would affect them upon
solid and pure principles.
3. To love; to regard with affection.
[Obs.]
As for Queen Katharine, he rather respected than
affected, rather honored than loved, her.
Fuller.
4. To show a fondness for; to like to use or
practice; to choose; hence, to frequent habitually.
For he does neither affect company, nor is he fit
for /t, indeed.
Shak.
Do not affect the society of your inferiors in
rank, nor court that of the great.
Hazlitt.
5. To dispose or incline.
Men whom they thought best affected to religion and
their country's liberty.
Milton.
6. To aim at; to aspire; to covet.
[Obs.]
This proud man affects imperial /way.
Dryden.
7. To tend to by affinity or disposition.
The drops of every fluid affect a round figure.
Newton.
8. To make a show of; to put on a pretense of; to
feign; to assume; as, to affect
ignorance.
Careless she is with artful care,
Affecting to seem unaffected.
Congreve.
Thou dost affect my manners.
Shak.
9. To assign; to appoint. [R.]
One of the domestics was affected to his special
service.
Thackeray.
Syn. -- To influence; operate; act on; concern; move; melt;
soften; subdue; overcome; pretend; assume.
Af*fect", n. [L.
affectus.] Affection; inclination; passion;
feeling; disposition. [Obs.]
Shak.
Af`fec*ta"tion (#), n. [L.
affectatio: cf. F. affectation.]
1. An attempt to assume or exhibit what is not
natural or real; false display; artificial show. \'bdAn
affectation of contempt.\'b8
Macaulay.
Affectation is an awkward and forced imitation of
what should be genuine and easy, wanting the beauty that
accompanies what is natural what is natural.
Locke.
2. A striving after. [Obs.]
Bp. Pearson.
3. Fondness; affection. [Obs.]
Hooker.
Af`fec*ta"tion*ist, n. One who exhibits
affectation. [R.]
Fitzed. Hall.
Af*fect"ed (#), p. p. & a.
1. Regarded with affection; beloved.
[Obs.]
His affected Hercules.
Chapman.
2. Inclined; disposed; attached.
How stand you affected his wish?
Shak.
3. Given to false show; assuming or pretending to
posses what is not natural or real.
He is . . . too spruce, too affected, too odd.
Shak.
4. Assumed artificially; not natural.
Affected coldness and indifference.
Addison.
5. (Alg.) Made up of terms involving
different powers of the unknown quantity; adfected; as, an
affected equation.
Af*fect"ed*ly, adv. 1. In an
affected manner; hypocritically; with more show than
reality.
2. Lovingly; with tender care.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Af*fect"ed*ness, n. Affectation.
Af*fect"er (#), n. One who
affects, assumes, pretends, or strives after.
\'bdAffecters of wit.\'b8
Abp. Secker.
Af*fect`i*bil"i*ty (#), n. The
quality or state of being affectible. [R.]
Af*fect"i*bl/ (#), a. That
may be affected. [R.]
Lay aside the absolute, and, by union with the creaturely,
become affectible.
Coleridge.
Af*fect"ing, a. 1. Moving the
emotions; fitted to excite the emotions; pathetic; touching;
as, an affecting address; an affecting
sight.
The most affecting music is generally the most
simple.
2. Affected; given to false show.
[Obs.]
A drawling; affecting rouge.
Shak.
Af*fect"ing*ly (#), adv. In an
affecting manner; is a manner to excite emotions.
Af*fec"tion (#), n. [F.
affection, L. affectio, fr.
afficere. See Affect.] 1.
The act of affecting or acting upon; the state of being
affected.
2. An attribute; a quality or property; a
condition; a bodily state; as, figure, weight, etc. ,
are affections of bodies. \'bdThe
affections of quantity.\'b8
Boyle.
And, truly, waking dreams were, more or less,
An old and strange affection of the house.
Tennyson.
3. Bent of mind; a feeling or natural impulse or
natural impulse acting upon and swaying the mind; any emotion;
as, the benevolent affections, esteem, gratitude,
etc. ; the malevolent affections, hatred, envy,
etc.; inclination; disposition; propensity; tendency.
Affection is applicable to an unpleasant as well as
a pleasant state of the mind, when impressed by any object or
quality.
Cogan.
4. A settled good will; kind feeling; love; zealous
or tender attachment; -- often in the pl. Formerly
followed by to, but now more generally by
for or towards; as, filial, social, or
conjugal affections; to have an affection for
or towards children.
All his affections are set on his own country.
Macaulay.
5. Prejudice; bias. [Obs.]
Bp. Aylmer.
6. (Med.) Disease; morbid symptom;
malady; as, a pulmonary affection.
Dunglison.
7. The lively representation of any emotion.
Wotton.
8. Affectation. [Obs.]
\'bdSpruce affection.\'b8
Shak.
9. Passion; violent emotion.
[Obs.]
Most wretched man,
That to affections does the bridle lend.
Spenser.
Syn. -- Attachment; passion; tenderness; fondness; kindness;
love; good will. See Attachment; Disease.
Af*fec"tion*al (#), a. Of or
pertaining to the affections; as, affectional
impulses; an affectional nature.
Af*fec"tion*ate (#), a. [Cf. F.
affectionn\'82.] 1. Having
affection or warm regard; loving; fond; as, an
affectionate brother.
2. Kindly inclined; zealous.
[Obs.]
Johson.
Man, in his love God, and desire to please him, can never be
too affectionate.
Sprat.
3. Proceeding from affection; indicating love;
tender; as, the affectionate care of a parent;
affectionate countenance, message, language.
4. Strongly inclined; -- with to.
[Obs.]
Bacon.
Syn. -- Tender; attached; loving; devoted; warm; fond;
earnest; ardent.
Af*fec"tion*a`ted, a. Disposed;
inclined. [Obs.]
Affectionated to the people.
Holinshed.
Af*fec"tion*ate*ly, adv. With affection;
lovingly; fondly; tenderly; kindly.
Af*fec"tion*ate*ness, n. The quality of
being affectionate; fondness; affection.
Af*fec"tioned (#), a. 1.
Disposed. [Archaic]
Be kindly affectioned one to another.
Rom. xii. 10.
2. Affected; conceited. [Obs.]
Shak.
Af*fec"tive (#), a. [Cf. F.
affectif.] 1. Tending to affect;
affecting. [Obs.]
Burnet.
2. Pertaining to or exciting emotion; affectional;
emotional.
Rogers.
Af*fec"tive*ly, adv. In an affective
manner; impressively; emotionally.
Af*fec"tu*ous (?; 135), a. [L.
affectuous: cf. F. affectueux. See
Affect.] Full of passion or emotion;
earnest. [Obs.] --
Af*fec"tu*ous*ly, adv.
[Obs.]
Fabyan.
Af*feer" (#), v. t. [OF.
aforer, afeurer, to tax, appraise, assess,
fr. L. ad + forum market, court of justice, in LL.
also meaning pri//.] 1. To
confirm; to assure. [Obs.] \'bdThe title is
affeered.\'b8
Shak.
2. (Old Law) To assess or reduce, as an
arbitrary penalty or amercement, to a certain and reasonable
sum.
Amercements . . . were affeered by the judges.
Blackstone.
{ Af*feer"er (#), Af*feer"or
(#), } n. [OF. aforeur,
LL. afforator.] (Old Law) One
who affeers.
Cowell.
Af*feer"ment (#), n. [Cf. OF.
aforement.] (Old Law) The act of
affeering.
Blackstone.
Af"fer*ent (#), a. [L.
afferens, p. pr. of afferre; ad +
ferre to bear.] (Physiol.) Bearing or
conducting inwards to a part or organ; -- opposed to
efferent; as, afferent vessels;
afferent nerves, which convey sensations from the
external organs to the brain.
\'d8Af*fet`tu*o"so (#), adv.
[It.] (Mus.) With feeling.
Af*fi"ance (#), n. [OE.
afiaunce trust, confidence, OF. afiance,
fr. afier to trust, fr. LL. affidare to
trust; ad + fidare to trust, fr. L. fides
faith. See Faith, and cf. Affidavit,
Affy, Confidence.] 1.
Plighted faith; marriage contract or promise.
2. Trust; reliance; faith; confidence.
Such feelings promptly yielded to his habitual
affiance in the divine love.
Sir J. Stephen.
Lancelot, my Lancelot, thou in whom I have
Most joy and most affiance.
Tennyson.
Af*fi"ance, v. t. [imp. /
p. p. Affianced (#); p. pr. / vb.
n. Affiancing (#).] [Cf.
OF. afiancier, fr. afiance.]
1. To betroth; to pledge one's faith to for
marriage, or solemnly promise (one's self or another) in
marriage.
To me, sad maid, he was affianced.
Spenser.
2. To assure by promise. [Obs.]
Pope.
Af*fi"an*cer (#), n. One who
makes a contract of marriage between two persons.
Af*fi"ant (#), n. [From p. pr.
of OF. afier, LL. affidare. See
Affidavit.] (Law) One who makes an
affidavit. [U. S.]
Burrill.
Syn. -- Deponent. See Deponent.
Af`fi*da"vit (#), n. [LL.
affidavit he has made oath, perfect tense of
affidare. See Affiance, Affy.]
(Law) A sworn statement in writing; a declaration
in writing, signed and made upon oath before an authorized
magistrate.
Bouvier. Burrill.
ex parte, and without
cross-examination, and in this differs from a
deposition. It is also applied to written statements
made on affirmation.
Syn. -- Deposition. See Deposition.
Af*file" (#), v. t. [OF.
afiler, F. affiler, to sharpen;
a (L. ad) + fil thread,
edge.] To polish. [Obs.]
Af*fil"i*a*ble (#), a. Capable
of being affiliated to or on, or connected with in origin.
Af*fil"i*ate (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Affiliated
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Affiliating
(#).] [LL. adfiliare,
affiliare, to adopt as son; ad + filius
son: cf. F. affilier.] 1. To
adopt; to receive into a family as a son; hence, to bring or
receive into close connection; to ally.
Is the soul affiliated to God, or is it estranged
and in rebellion?
I. Taylor.
2. To fix the paternity of; -- said of an
illegitimate child; as, to affiliate the child
to (or on or upon) one man rather than
another.
3. To connect in the way of descent; to trace
origin to.
How do these facts tend to affiliate the faculty of
hearing upon the aboriginal vegetative processes?
H. Spencer.
4. To attach (to) or unite
(with); to receive into a society as a member, and
initiate into its mysteries, plans, etc.; -- followed by
to or with.
Affiliated societies, societies connected with
a central society, or with each other.
Af*fil"i*ate, v. i. To connect or
associate one's self; -- followed by with; as,
they affiliate with no party.
Af*fil`i*a"tion (#), n. [F.
affiliation, LL. affiliatio.]
1. Adoption; association or reception as a member
in or of the same family or society.
2. (Law) The establishment or
ascertaining of parentage; the assignment of a child, as a
bastard, to its father; filiation.
3. Connection in the way of descent.
H. Spencer.
Af*fi"nal (#), a. [L.
affinis.] Related by marriage; from the
same source.
Af*fine" (#), v. t. [F.
affiner to refine; / (L. ad) +
fin fine. See Fine.] To
refine. [Obs.]
Holland.
Af*fined" (#), a. [OF.
afin\'82 related, p. p., fr. LL. affinare
to join, fr. L. affinis neighboring, related to;
ad + finis boundary, limit.] Joined in
affinity or by any tie. [Obs.] \'bdAll
affined and kin.\'b8
Shak.
Af*fin"i*ta*tive (#), a. Of the
nature of affinity. --
Af*fin"i*ta*tive*ly,
adv.
Af*fin"i*tive, a. Closely connected, as
by affinity.
Af*fin"i*ty (#), n.; pl.
Affinities(#). [OF.
afinit\'82, F. affinit\'82, L.
affinites, fr. affinis. See
Affined.]
1. Relationship by marriage (as between a husband
and his wife's blood relations, or between a wife and her
husband's blood relations); -- in contradistinction to
consanguinity, or relationship by blood; -- followed
by with, to, or between.
Solomon made affinity with Pharaoh.
1 Kings iii. 1.
2. Kinship generally; close agreement; relation;
conformity; resemblance; connection; as, the
affinity of sounds, of colors, or of
languages.
There is a close affinity between imposture and
credulity.
Sir G. C. Lewis.
2. Companionship; acquaintance.
[Obs.]
About forty years past, I began a happy affinity
with William Cranmer.
Burton.
4. (Chem.) That attraction which takes
place, at an insensible distance, between the heterogeneous
particles of bodies, and unites them to form chemical compounds;
chemism; chemical or elective affinity or attraction.
5. (Nat. Hist.) A relation between
species or highe/ groups dependent on resemblance in the whole
plan of structure, and indicating community of origin.
6. (Spiritualism) A superior spiritual
relationship or attraction held to exist sometimes between
persons, esp. persons of the opposite sex; also, the man or woman
who exerts such psychical or spiritual attraction.
Af*firm" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Affirmed
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Affirming.] [OE. affermen,
OF. afermer, F. affirmer,
affermir, fr. L. affirmare; ad +
firmare to make firm, firmus firm. See
Firm.] 1. To make firm; to confirm, or
ratify; esp. (Law), to assert or confirm, as a
judgment, decree, or order, brought before an appelate court for
review.
2. To assert positively; to tell with confidence;
to aver; to maintain as true; -- opposed to
deny.
Jesus, . . . whom Paul affirmed to be alive.
Acts xxv. 19.
3. (Law) To declare, as a fact,
solemnly, under judicial sanction. See Affirmation,
4.
Syn. -- To assert; aver; declare; asseverate; assure;
pronounce; protest; avouch; confirm; establish; ratify.
-- To Affirm, Asseverate,
Aver, Protest. We affirm when we
declare a thing as a fact or a proposition. We
asseverate it in a peculiarly earnest manner, or with
increased positiveness as what can not be disputed. We
aver it, or formally declare it to be true, when we
have positive knowledge of it. We protest in a more
public manner and with the energy of perfect sincerity. People
asseverate in order to produce a conviction of their
veracity; they aver when they are peculiarly desirous
to be believed; they protest when they wish to free
themselves from imputations, or to produce a conviction of their
innocence.
Af*firm", v. i. 1. To declare
or assert positively.
Not that I so affirm, though so it seem
To thee, who hast thy dwelling here on earth.
Milton.
2. (Law) To make a solemn declaration,
before an authorized magistrate or tribunal, under the penalties
of perjury; to testify by affirmation.
Af*firm"a*ble (#), a. Capable
of being affirmed, asserted, or declared; -- followed by
of; as, an attribute affirmable of every
just man.
Af*firm"ance (#), n. [Cf. OF.
afermance.] 1. Confirmation;
ratification; confirmation of a voidable act.
This statute . . . in affirmance of the common
law.
Bacon.
2. A strong declaration; affirmation.
Cowper.
<-- p. 29 -->
Af*firm"ant (#), n. [L.
affirmans, -antis, p. pr. See
Affirm.] 1. One who affirms or
asserts.
2. (Law) One who affirms of taking an
oath.
Af`fir*ma"tion (#), n. [L.
affirmatio: cf. F. affirmation.]
1. Confirmation of anything established;
ratification; as, the affirmation of a
law.
Hooker.
2. The act of affirming or asserting as true;
assertion; -- opposed to negation or
denial.
3. That which is asserted; an assertion; a positive
/tatement; an averment; as, an affirmation, by the
vender, of title to property sold, or of its quality.
4. (Law) A solemn declaration made under
the penalties of perjury, by persons who conscientiously decline
taking an oath, which declaration is in law equivalent to an
oath.
Bouvier.
Af*firm"a*tive (#), a. [L.
affirmativus: cf. F. affirmatif.]
1. Confirmative; ratifying; as, an act
affirmative of common law.
2. That affirms; asserting that the fact is so;
declaratory of what exists; answering \'bdyes\'b8 to a question;
-- opposed to negative; as, an
affirmative answer; an affirmative
vote.
3. Positive; dogmatic. [Obs.]
J. Taylor.
Lysicles was a little by the affirmative air of
Crito.
Berkeley.
4. (logic) Expressing the agreement of
the two terms of a proposition.
5. (Alg.) Positive; -- a term applied to
quantities which are to be added, and opposed to
negative, or such as are to be subtracted.
Af*firm"a*tive, n. 1. That
which affirms as opposed to that which denies; an affirmative
proposition; that side of question which affirms or maintains the
proposition stated; -- opposed to negative; as,
there were forty votes in the affirmative, and ten in
the negative.
Whether there are such beings or not, 't is sufficient for my
purpose that many have believed the affirmative.
Dryden.
2. A word or phrase expressing affirmation or
assent; as, yes, that is so,
etc.
Af*firm"a*tive*ly, adv. In an
affirmative manner; on the affirmative side of a question; in the
affirmative; -- opposed to negatively.
Af*firm"a*to*ry (#), a. Giving
affirmation; assertive; affirmative.
Massey.
Af*firm"er (#), n. One who
affirms.
Af*fix" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Affixed
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Affixing.] [LL. affixare, L.
affixus, p. p. of affigere to fasten to;
ad + figere to fasten: cf. OE. affichen, F.
afficher, ultimately fr. L. affigere. See
Fix.] 1. To subjoin, annex, or add
at the close or end; to append to; to fix to any part of; as,
to affix a syllable to a word; to affix a seal
to an instrument; to affix one's name to a
writing.
2. To fix or fasten in any way; to attach
physically.
Should they [caterpillars] affix them to the leaves
of a plant improper for their food.
Ray.
3. To attach, unite, or connect with; as, names
affixed to ideas, or ideas affixed to things;
to affix a stigma to a person; to affix
ridicule or blame to any one.
4. To fix or fasten figuratively; -- with
on or upon; as, eyes affixed
upon the ground. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Syn. -- To attach; subjoin; connect; annex; unite.
Af"fix (#), n.; pl.
Affixes (#). [L. affixus, p. p.
of affigere: cf. F. affixe.]
That which is affixed; an appendage; esp. one or more
letters or syllables added at the end of a word; a suffix; a
postfix.
Af*fix"ion (#), n. [L.
affixio, fr. affigere.]
Affixture. [Obs.]
T. Adams.
Af*fix"ture (?; 135), n. The
act of affixing, or the state of being affixed; attachment.
Af*fla"tion (#), n. [L.
afflatus, p. p. of afflare to blow or
breathe on; ad + flare to blow.] A blowing
or breathing on; inspiration.
Af*fla"tus (#), n. [L., fr.
afflare. See Afflation.] 1.
A breath or blast of wind.
2. A divine impartation of knowledge; supernatural
impulse; inspiration.
A poet writing against his genius will be like a prophet
without his afflatus.
Spence.
Af*flict" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Afflicted; p.
pr. & vb. n. Afflicting.] [L.
afflictus, p. p. of affigere to cast down,
deject; ad + fligere to strike: cf. OF.
aflit, afflict, p. p. Cf.
Flagellate.] 1. To strike or cast
down; to overthrow. [Obs.] \'bdReassembling
our afflicted powers.\'b8
Milton.
2. To inflict some great injury or hurt upon,
causing continued pain or mental distress; to trouble grievously;
to torment.
They did set over them taskmasters to afflict them
with their burdens.
Exod. i. 11.
That which was the worst now least afflicts me.
Milton.
3. To make low or humble. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Men are apt to prefer a prosperous error before an
afflicted truth.
Jer. Taylor.
Syn. -- To trouble; grieve; pain; distress; harass; torment;
wound; hurt.
Af*flict", p. p. & a. [L.
afflictus, p. p.] Afflicted.
[Obs.]
Becon.
Af*flict"ed*ness, n. The state of being
afflicted; affliction. [Obs.]
Bp. Hall.
Af*flict"er (#), n. One who
afflicts.
Af*flict"ing, a. Grievously painful;
distressing; afflictive; as, an afflicting
event. -- Af*flict"ing*ly, adv.
Af*flic"tion (#), n. [F.
affliction, L. afflictio, fr.
affligere.] 1. The cause of
continued pain of body or mind, as sickness, losses, etc.; an
instance of grievous distress; a pain or grief.
To repay that money will be a biting
affliction.
Shak.
2. The state of being afflicted; a state of pain,
distress, or grief.
Some virtues are seen only in affliction.
Addison.
Syn. -- Calamity; sorrow; distress; grief; pain; adversity;
misery; wretchedness; misfortune; trouble; hardship.
-- Affliction, Sorrow, Grief,
Distress. Affliction and sorrow are terms of
wide and general application; grief and
distress have reference to particular cases.
Affliction is the stronger term. The suffering lies
deeper in the soul, and usually arises from some powerful cause,
such as the loss of what is most dear -- friends, health, etc. We
do not speak of mere sickness or pain as \'bdan affliction,\'b8
though one who suffers from either is said to be
afflicted; but deprivations of every kind, such as
deafness, blindness, loss of limbs, etc., are called
afflictions, showing that term applies particularly to
prolonged sources of suffering. Sorrow and
grief are much alike in meaning, but grief
is the stronger term of the two, usually denoting poignant mental
suffering for some definite cause, as, grief for the
death of a dear friend; sorrow is more reflective, and
is tinged with regret, as, the misconduct of a child is looked
upon with sorrow. Grief is often violent
and demonstrative; sorrow deep and brooding.
Distress implies extreme suffering, either bodily or
mental. In its higher stages, it denotes pain of a restless,
agitating kind, and almost always supposes some struggle of mind
or body. Affliction is allayed, grief
subsides, sorrow is soothed, distress is
mitigated.
Af*flic"tion*less (#), a. Free
from affliction.
Af*flic"tive (#), a. [Cf. F.
afflictif.] Giving pain; causing continued
or repeated pain or grief; distressing. \'bdJove's
afflictive hand.\'b8
Pope.
Spreads slow disease, and darts afflictive
pain.
Prior.
Af*flic"tive*ly, adv. In an afflictive
manner.
Af"flu*ence (#), n. [F.
affluence, L. affluentia, fr.
affluens, p. pr. of affluere to flow to;
ad + fluere to flow. See Flux.]
1. A flowing to or towards; a concourse; an
influx.
The affluence of young nobles from hence into
Spain.
Wotton.
There is an unusual affluence of strangers this
year.
Carlyle.
2. An abundant supply, as of thought, words,
feelings, etc.; profusion; also, abundance of property;
wealth.
And old age of elegance, affluence, and ease.
Coldsmith.
Syn. -- Abundance; riches; profusion; exuberance; plenty;
wealth; opulence.
Af"flu*en*cy (#), n.
Affluence. [Obs.]
Addison.
Af"flu*ent (#), a. [Cf. F.
affluent, L. affluens, -entis,
p. pr. See Affluence.] 1. Flowing
to; flowing abundantly. \'bdAffluent blood.\'b8
Harvey.
2. Abundant; copious; plenteous; hence, wealthy;
abounding in goods or riches.
Language . . . affluent in expression.
H. Reed.
Loaded and blest with all the affluent store,
Which human vows at smoking shrines implore.
Prior.
Af"flu*ent, n. A stream or river flowing
into a larger river or into a lake; a tributary stream.
Af"flu*ent*ly, adv. Abundantly;
copiously.
Af*flu*ent*ness, n. Great plenty.
[R.]
Af"flux` (#), n. [L.
affluxum, p. p. of affluere: cf. F.
afflux. See Affluence.] A flowing
towards; that which flows to; as, an afflux of blood
to the head.
Af*flux"ion (#), n. The act of
flowing towards; afflux.
Sir T. Browne.
Af"fo*dill (#), n.
Asphodel. [Obs.]
Af*force" (#), v. t. [OF.
afforcier, LL. affortiare; ad +
fortiare, fr. L. fortis strong.] To
re\'89nforce; to strengthen.
Hallam.
Af*force"ment (#), n.
[OF.] 1. A fortress; a fortification for
defense. [Obs.]
Bailey.
2. A re\'89nforcement; a strengthening.
Hallam.
Af*for"ci*a*ment (#), n. See
Afforcement. [Obs.]
Af*ford" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Afforded; p.
pr. & vb. n. Affording.] [OE.
aforthen, AS. gefor/ian,
for/ian, to further, accomplish, afford, fr.
for/ forth, forward. The prefix ge- has
no well defined sense. See Forth.] 1.
To give forth; to supply, yield, or produce as the natural
result, fruit, or issue; as, grapes afford wine;
olives afford oil; the earth affords fruit; the
sea affords an abundant supply of fish.
2. To give, grant, or confer, with a remoter
reference to its being the natural result; to provide; to
furnish; as, a good life affords consolation in old
age.
His tuneful Muse affords the sweetest numbers.
Addison.
The quiet lanes . . . afford calmer retreats.
Gilpin.
3. To offer, provide, or supply, as in selling,
granting, expending, with profit, or without loss or too great
injury; as, A affords his goods cheaper than B; a
man can afford a sum yearly in charity.
4. To incur, stand, or bear without serious
detriment, as an act which might under other circumstances be
injurious; -- with an auxiliary, as can,
could, might, etc.; to be able or rich
enough.
The merchant can afford to trade for smaller
profits.
Hamilton.
He could afford to suffer
With those whom he saw suffer.
Wordsworth.
Af*ford"a*ble (#), a. That may
be afforded.
Af*ford"ment (#), n. Anything
given as a help; bestowal. [Obs.]
Af*for"est (#), v. t. [LL.
afforestare; ad + forestare. See
Forest.] To convert into a forest; as, to
afforest a tract of country.
Af*for`es*ta"tion (#), n. The
act of converting into forest or woodland.
Blackstone.
Af*form"a*tive (#), n. An
affix.
Af*fran"chise (#), v. t. [F.
affranchir; / (L. ad) +
franc free. See Franchise and
Frank.] To make free; to enfranchise.
Johnson.
Af*fran"chise*ment (#), n. [Cf.
F. affranchissement.] The act of making
free; enfranchisement. [R.]
Af*frap" (#), v. t. & i. [Cf.
It. affrappare, frappare, to cut, mince, F.
frapper to strike. See Frap.] To
strike, or strike down. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Af*fray" (#), v. t.
[p. p. Affrayed.]
[OE. afraien, affraien, OF.
effreer, esfreer, F. effrayer,
orig. to disquiet, put out of peace, fr. L. ex + OHG.
fridu peace (akin to E. free). Cf.
Afraid, Fray, Frith inclosure.]
[Archaic] 1. To startle from quiet; to
alarm.
Smale foules a great heap
That had afrayed [affrayed] me out of my sleep.
Chaucer.
2. To frighten; to scare; to frighten away.
That voice doth us affray.
Shak.
Af*fray" (#), n. [OE.
afrai, affrai, OF. esfrei, F.
effroi, fr. OF. esfreer. See
Affray, v. t.] 1. The act
of suddenly disturbing any one; an assault or attack.
[Obs.]
2. Alarm; terror; fright. [Obs.]
Spenser.
3. A tumultuous assault or quarrel; a brawl; a
fray. \'bdIn the very midst of the affray.\'b8
Motley.
4. (Law) The fighting of two or more
persons, in a public place, to the terror of others.
Blackstone.
affray.
Syn. -- Quarrel; brawl; scuffle; encounter; fight; contest;
feud; tumult; disturbance.
Af*fray"er (#), n. One engaged
in an affray.
Af*fray"ment (#), n.
Affray. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Af*freight" (#), v. t. [Pref.
ad- + freight: cf. F.
affr\'82ter. See Freight.] To
hire, as a ship, for the transportation of goods or
freight.
Af*freight"er (#), n. One who
hires or charters a ship to convey goods.
Af*freight"ment (#), n. [Cf. F.
affr\'82tement.] The act of hiring, or the
contract for the use of, a vessel, or some part of it, to convey
cargo.
Af*fret" (#), n. [Cf. It.
affrettare to hasten, fretta haste.]
A furious onset or attack. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Af*fric"tion (#), n. [L.
affricare to rub on. See Friction.]
The act of rubbing against. [Obs.]
Af*friend"ed (#), p. p. Made
friends; reconciled. [Obs.] \'bdDeadly foes .
. . affriended.\'b8
Spenser.
Af*fright" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Affrighted; p.
pr. & vb. n. Affrighting.] [Orig.
p. p.; OE. afright, AS. \'befyrhtan to
terrify; \'be- (cf. Goth. us-, Ger.
er-, orig. meaning out) + fyrhto
fright. See Fright.] To impress with sudden
fear; to frighten; to alarm.
Dreams affright our souls.
Shak.
A drear and dying sound
Affrights the flamens at their service quaint.
Milton.
Syn. -- To terrify; frighten; alarm; dismay; appall; scare;
startle; daunt; intimidate.
Af*fright", p. a. Affrighted.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Af*fright", n. 1. Sudden and
great fear; terror. It expresses a stronger impression than
fear, or apprehension, perhaps less than
terror.
He looks behind him with affright, and forward with
despair.
Goldsmith.
2. The act of frightening; also, a cause of terror;
an object of dread.
B. Jonson.
Af*fright"ed*ly, adv. With fright.
Drayton.
Af*fright"en (#), v. t. To
frighten. [Archaic] \'bdFit tales . . . to
affrighten babes.\'b8
Southey.
Af*fright"er (#), n. One who
frightens. [Archaic]
Af*fright"ful (#), a.
Terrifying; frightful. --
Af*fright"ful*ly, adv.
[Archaic]
Bugbears or affrightful apparitions.
Cudworth.
Af*fright"ment (#), n.
Affright; the state of being frightened; sudden fear or
alarm. [Archaic]
Passionate words or blows . . . fill the child's mind with
terror and affrightment.
Locke.
Af*front" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Affronted; p.
pr. & vb. n. Affronting.] [OF.
afronter, F. affronter, to confront, LL.
affrontare to strike against, fr. L. ad +
frons forehead, front. See Front.]
1. To front; to face in position; to meet or
encounter face to face. [Obs.]
All the sea-coasts do affront the Levant.
Holland.
That he, as 't were by accident, may here
Affront Ophelia.
Shak.
2. To face in defiance; to confront; as, to
confront; as, to affront death; hence, to
meet in hostile encounter. [Archaic]
3. To offend by some manifestation of disrespect;
to insult to the face by demeanor or language; to treat with
marked incivility.
How can any one imagine that the fathers would have dared to
affront the wife of Aurelius?
Addison.
Syn. -- TO insult; abuse; outrage; wound; illtreat; slight;
defy; offend; provoke; pique; nettle.
Af*front", n. [Cf. F.
affront, fr. affronter.] 1.
An encounter either friendly or hostile.
[Obs.]
I walked about, admired of all, and dreaded
On hostile ground, none daring my affront.
Milton.
2. Contemptuous or rude treatment which excites or
justifies resentment; marked disrespect; a purposed indignity;
insult.
Offering an affront to our understanding.
Addison.
3. An offense to one's self-respect; shame.
Arbuthnot.
Syn. -- Affront, Insult, Outrage.
An affront is a designed mark of disrespect, usually
in the presence of others. An insult is a personal
attack either by words or actions, designed to humiliate or
degrade. An outrage is an act of extreme and violent
insult or abuse. An affront piques and mortifies; an
insult irritates and provokes; an outrage
wounds and injures.
Captious persons construe every innocent freedom into an
affront. When people are in a state of animosity, they
seek opportunities of offering each other insults.
Intoxication or violent passion impels men to the commission of
outrages.
Crabb.
Af*fron*t\'82" (#), a. [F.
affront\'82, p. p.] (Her.) Face
to face, or front to front; facing.
Af*front"ed*ly (#), adv.
Shamelessly. [Obs.]
Bacon.
Af*fron*tee", n. One who receives an
affront.
Lytton.
Af*front"er (#), n. One who
affronts, or insults to the face.
Af*front"ing*ly, adv. In an affronting
manner.
Af*front"ive (#), a. Tending to
affront or offend; offensive; abusive.
How affrontive it is to despise mercy.
South.
<-- p. 30 -->
Af*front"ive*ness (#), n. The
quality that gives an affront or offense. [R.]
Bailey.
Af*fuse" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Affused
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Affusing
(#).] [L. affusus, p. p. of
affundere to pour to; ad + fundere. See
Fuse.] To pour out or upon.
[R.]
I first affused water upon the compressed
beans.
Boyle.
Af*fu"sion (#), n. [Cf. F.
affusion.] The act of pouring upon, or
sprinkling with a liquid, as water upon a child in baptism.
Specifically: (Med) The act of pouring water or
other fluid on the whole or a part of the body, as a remedy in
disease.
Dunglison.
Af*fy" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Affied (#);
p. pr. Affying.] [OF.
afier, LL. affidare. Cf.
Affiance.] 1. To confide (one's self
to, or in); to trust.
[Obs.]
2. To betroth or espouse; to affiance.
[Obs.]
Shak.
3. To bind in faith. [Obs.]
Bp. Montagu.
Af*fy", v. i. To trust or confide.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Af"ghan (#), a. Of or
pertaining to Afghanistan.
Af"ghan, n. 1. A native of
Afghanistan.
2. A kind of worsted blanket or wrap.
A*field" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- + field.] 1. To, in,
or on the field. \'bdWe drove afield.\'b8
Milton.
How jocund did they drive their team afield!
Gray.
2. Out of the way; astray.
Why should he wander afield at the age of
fifty-five!
Trollope.
A*fire" (#), adv. & a. [Pref.
a- + fire.] On fire.
A*flame" (#), adv. & a. [Pref.
a- + flame.] Inflames; glowing
with light or passion; ablaze.
G. Eliot.
A*flat" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- + flat.] Level with the
ground; flat. [Obs.]
Bacon.
A*flaunt" (#), adv. & a. [Pref.
a- + flaunt.] In a flaunting
state or position.
Copley.
A*flick"er (#), adv. & a.
[Pref. a- + flicker.] In a
flickering state.
A*float" (#), adv. & a. [Pref.
a- + float.] 1. Borne
on the water; floating; on board ship.
On such a full sea are we now afloat.
Shak.
2. Moving; passing from place to place; in general
circulation; as, a rumor is afloat.
3. Unfixed; moving without guide or control;
adrift; as, our affairs are all afloat.
A*flow" (#), adv. & a. [Pref.
a- + flow.] Flowing.
Their founts aflow with tears.
R. Browning.
A*flush" (#), adv. & a. [Pref.
a- + flush, n.] In a flushed or
blushing state.
A*flush", adv. & a. [Pref. a-
+ flush, a.] On a level.
The bank is . . . aflush with the sea.
Swinburne.
A*flut"ter (#), adv. & a.
[Pref. a- + flutter.] In a
flutter; agitated.
A*foam" (#), adv. & a. [Pref.
a- + foam.] In a foaming state;
as, the sea is all afoam.
A*foot" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- + foot.] 1. On
foot.
We 'll walk afoot a while.
Shak.
2. Fig.: In motion; in action; astir; in
progress.
The matter being afoot.
Shak.
A*fore" (#), adv. [OE.
afore, aforn, AS. onforan or
\'91tforan; pref. a- +
fore.] 1. Before.
[Obs.]
If he have never drunk wine afore.
Shak.
2. (Naut.) In the fore part of a
vessel.
A*fore", prep. 1. Before (in
all its senses). [Archaic]
2. (Naut.) Before; in front of; farther
forward than; as, afore the windlass.
Afore the mast, among the common sailors; -- a
phrase used to distinguish the ship's crew from the
officers.
A*fore"cit`ed (#), a. Named or
quoted before.
A*fore"go`ing (#), a. Go\'c6ng
before; foregoing.
A*fore"hand` (#) adv.
Beforehand; in anticipation. [Archaic or
Dial.]
She is come aforehand to anoint my body.
Mark xiv. 8.
A*fore"hand`, a. Prepared; previously
provided; -- opposed to behindhand.
[Archaic or Dial.]
Aforehand in all matters of power.
Bacon.
A*fore"men`tioned (#), a.
Previously mentioned; before-mentioned.
Addison.
A*fore"named` (#), a. Named
before.
Peacham.
A*fore"said` (#), a. Said
before, or in a preceding part; already described or
identified.
A*fore"thought` (#), a.
Premeditated; prepense; previously in mind; designed;
as, malice aforethought, which is required to
constitute murder.
Bouvier.
A*fore"thought`, n. Premeditation.
A*fore"time` (#), adv. In time
past; formerly. \'bdHe prayed . . . as he did
aforetime.\'b8
Dan. vi. 10.
\'d8A for`ti*o"ri (#). [L.]
(Logic & Math.) With stronger reason.
A*foul" (#), adv. & a. [Pref.
a- + foul.] In collision;
entangled.
Totten.
To run afoul of, to run against or come into
collision with, especially so as to become entangled or to cause
injury.
A*fraid" (#), p. a. [OE.
afrayed, affraide, p. p. of
afraien to affray. See Affray, and cf.
Afeard.] Impressed with fear or apprehension;
in fear; apprehensive. [Afraid comes after the noun
it limits.] \'bdBack they recoiled,
afraid.\'b8
Milton.
terrified or frightened. It is followed by
of before the object of fear, or by the infinitive, or
by a dependent clause; as, to be afraid of death.
\'bdI am afraid to die.\'b8 \'bdI am
afraid he will chastise me.\'b8 \'bdBe not
afraid that I your hand should take.\'b8
Shak. I am afraid is sometimes used
colloquially to soften a statement; as, I am afraid I
can not help you in this matter.
Syn. -- Fearful; timid; timorous; alarmed; anxious.
Af"reet (#), n. Same as
Afrit.
A*fresh" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- + fresh.] Anew; again; once
more; newly.
They crucify . . . the Son of God afresh.
Heb. vi. 6.
Af"ric (#), a. African.
-- n. Africa.
[Poetic]
Af"ri*can (#), a. [L.
Africus, Africanus, fr. Afer
African.] Of or pertaining to Africa.
African hemp, a fiber prerared from the leaves
of the Sanseviera Guineensis, a plant found in Africa
and India. -- African marigold, a tropical
American plant (Tagetes erecta). --
African oak African teak,
a timber furnished by Oldfieldia Africana, used in
ship building.
<-- African violet
African-American, a United States citizen
of African descent-->
Af"ri*can, n. A native of Africa; also
one ethnologically belonging to an African race.
Af`ri*can"der (#), n. One born
in Africa, the offspring of a white father and a \'bdcolored\'b8
mother. Also, and now commonly in Southern Africa, a native born
of European settlers.
Af"ri*can*ism (#), n. A word,
phrase, idiom, or custom peculiar to Africa or Africans.
\'bdThe knotty Africanisms . . . of the fathers.\'b8
Milton.
Af"ri*can*ize (#), v. t. To
place under the domination of Africans or negroes.
[Amer.]
Bartlett.
Af"rit (#), Af"rite(#),
Af"reet(#), n. [Arab.
'ifr\'c6t.] (Moham. Myth.) A
powerful evil jinnee, demon, or monstrous giant.
A*front" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- + front.] In front; face to
face. -- prep. In front of.
Shak.
Aft (#), adv. & a. [AS.
\'91ftan behind; orig. superl. of of,
off. See After.] (Naut.)
Near or towards the stern of a vessel; astern; abaft.
Aft"er (#), a. [AS.
\'91fter after, behind; akin to Goth.
aftaro, aftra, backwards, Icel.
aptr, Sw. and Dan. efter, OHG.
aftar behind, Dutch and LG. achter, Gr. /
further off. The ending -ter is an old comparative
suffix, in E. generally -ther (as in
other), and after is a compar. of
of, off. / See Of; cf.
Aft.] 1. Next; later in time;
subsequent; succeeding; as, an after period of
life.
Marshall.
after-ages, after-act,
after-days, after-life. For the most part
the words are properly kept separate when after has
this meaning.
2. Hinder; nearer the rear.
(Naut.) To ward the stern of the ship; -- applied
to any object in the rear part of a vessel; as the
after cabin, after hatchway. It
is often combined with its noun; as, after-bowlines,
after-braces, after-sails,
after-yards, those on the mainmasts and
mizzenmasts.
After body (Naut.), the part of a
ship abaft the dead flat, or middle part.
Aft"er, prep. 1. Behind in
place; as, men in line one after another.
\'bdShut doors after you.\'b8
Shak.
2. Below in rank; next to in order.
Shak.
Codrus after Ph/bus sings the best.
Dryden.
3. Later in time; subsequent; as,
after supper, after three days. It often
precedes a clause. Formerly that was interposed
between it and the clause.
After I am risen again, I will go before you into
Galilee.
Matt. xxvi. 32.
4. Subsequent to and in consequence of; as,
after what you have said, I shall be careful.
5. Subsequent to and notwithstanding; as,
after all our advice, you took that course.
6. Moving toward from behind; following, in search
of; in pursuit of.
Ye shall not go after other gods.
Deut. vi. 14.
After whom is the king of Israel come out?
1 Sam. xxiv. 14.
7. Denoting the aim or object; concerning; in
relation to; as, to look after workmen; to inquire
after a friend; to thirst after
righteousness.
8. In imitation of; in conformity with; after the
manner of; as, to make a thing after a model; a
picture after Rubens; the boy takes after his
father.
To name or call after,
to name like and reference to.
Our eldest son was named George after
his uncle.
Goldsmith.
9. According to; in accordance with; in conformity
with the nature of; as, he acted after his
kind.
He shall not judge after the sight of his eyes.
Isa. xi. 3.
They that are after the flesh do mind the things of
the flesh.
Rom. viii. 5.
10. According to the direction and influence of; in
proportion to; befitting. [Archaic]
He takes greatness of kingdoms according to bulk and currency,
and not after their intrinsic value.
Bacon.
After all, when everything has been
considered; upon the whole. -- After (with the
same noun preceding and following), as, wave after
wave, day after day, several or many (waves, etc.)
successively. -- One after another,
successively. -- To be after, to be in
pursuit of in order to reach or get; as, he is after
money.
Aft"er, adv. Subsequently in time or
place; behind; afterward; as, he follows
after.
It was about the space of three hours after.
Acts. v. 7.
After is prefixed to many words, forming
compounds, but retaining its usual signification. The prefix may
be adverbial, prepositional, or adjectival; as in
after- described, after-dinner,
after-part. The hyphen is sometimes needlessly used to
connect the adjective after with its noun. See
Note under After, a., 1.
Aft"er*birth` (#), n.
(Med.) The placenta and membranes with which the
fetus is connected, and which come away after delivery.
Aft"er*cast` (#), n. A throw of
dice after the game in ended; hence, anything done too
late.
Gower.
Aft"er*clap` (#), n. An
unexpected subsequent event; something disagreeable happening
after an affair is supposed to be at an end.
Spenser.
Aft"er*crop` (#), n. A second
crop or harvest in the same year.
Mortimer.
Aft"er damp` (#). An irrespirable gas,
remaining after an explosion of fire damp in mines; choke damp.
See Carbonic acid.
Aft"er-din`ner(#), n. The time
just after dinner. \'bdAn after-dinner's
sleep.\'b8 Shak. [Obs.] --
a. Following dinner; post-prandial; as,
an after-dinner nap.
Aft"er-eat`age(#), n.
Aftergrass.
Aft"er*eye` (#), v. t. To look
after. [Poetic]
Shak.
Aft"er*game` (#), n. A second
game; hence, a subsequent scheme or expedient.
Wotton.
Aftergame at Irish, an ancient game very
nearly resembling backgammon.
Beau. & Fl.
Aft"er-glow(#), n. A glow of
refulgence in the western sky after sunset.
Aft"er*grass` (#), n. The grass
that grows after the first crop has been mown; aftermath.
Aft"er*growth` (#), n. A second
growth or crop, or (metaphorically) development.
J. S. Mill.
Aft"er*guard` (#), n.
(Naut.) The seaman or seamen stationed on the
poop or after part of the ship, to attend the after-sails.
Totten.
Aft"er-im`age(#), n. The
impression of a vivid sensation retained by the retina of the eye
after the cause has been removed; also extended to impressions
left of tones, smells, etc.
Aft"er*ings (#), n. pl. The
last milk drawn in milking; strokings. [Obs.]
Grose.
Aft"er*math (#), n.
[After + math. See
Math.] A second moving; the grass which grows
after the first crop of hay in the same season; rowen.
Holland.
Aft"er-men`tioned(#), a.
Mentioned afterwards; as, persons
after-mentioned (in a writing).
Aft"er*most (#), a. superl.
[OE. eftemest, AS. \'91ftemest,akin to
Gothic aftumist and aftuma, the last, orig.
a superlative of of, with the superlative endings
-te, -me, -st.]
1. Hindmost; -- opposed to
foremost.
2. (Naut.) Nearest the stern; most
aft.
Aft"er*noon" (#), n. The part
of the day which follows noon, between noon and evening.
Aft"er-note`(#), n.
(Mus.) One of the small notes occur on the
unaccented parts of the measure, taking their time from the
preceding note.
Aft"er*pains` (#), n. pl.
(Med.) The pains which succeed childbirth, as in
expelling the afterbirth.
Aft"er*piece` (#), n. 1.
A piece performed after a play, usually a farce or other
small entertainment.
2. (Naut.) The heel of a rudder.
Aft"er-sails`(#), n. pl.
(Naut.) The sails on the mizzenmast, or on the
stays between the mainmast and mizzenmast.
Totten.
Aft"er*shaft` (#), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The hypoptilum.
Aft"er*taste` (#), n. A taste
which remains in the mouth after eating or drinking.
Aft"er*thought` (#), n.
Reflection after an act; later or subsequent thought or
expedient.
{ Aft"er*wards (#), Aft"er*ward
(#), } adv. [AS.
\'91fteweard, a., behind. See Aft, and
-ward (suffix). The final s in
afterwards is adverbial, orig. a genitive
ending.] At a later or succeeding time.
Aft"er*wise` (#), a. Wise after
the event; wise or knowing, when it is too late.
Aft"er-wit` (#), n. Wisdom or perception
that comes after it can be of use.
\'bdAfter-wit comes too late when the
mischief is done.\'b8
L'Estrange.
Aft"er-wit`ted (#), a.
Characterized by afterwit; slow-witted.
Tyndale.
Aft"most (#), a. (Naut.)
Nearest the stern.
Aft"ward (#), adv.
(Naut.) Toward the stern.
\'d8A*ga" or \'d8A*gha"
(#), n. [Turk. adh\'be a great
lord, chief master.] In Turkey, a commander or chief
officer. It is used also as a title of respect.
A*gain" (?; 277), adv. [OE.
agein, agayn, AS. ongegn,
onge\'a0n, against, again; on + ge\'a0n,
akin to Ger. gegewn against, Icel. gegn.
Cf. Gainsay.] 1. In return, back;
as, bring us word again.
2. Another time; once more; anew.
If a man die, shall he live again?
Job xiv. 14.
3. Once repeated; -- of quantity; as, as large
again, half as much again.
4. In any other place. [Archaic]
Bacon.
5. On the other hand. \'bdThe one is my
sovereign . . . the other again is my kinsman.\'b8
Shak.
6. Moreover; besides; further.
Again, it is of great consequence to avoid,
etc.
Hersche/.
Again and again, more than once; often;
repeatedly. -- Now and again, now and then;
occasionally. -- To and again, to and
fro. [Obs.] De Foe.
again-witness, to witness against;
again-ride, to ride against; again-come, to
come against, to encounter; again-bring, to bring
back, etc.
{ A*gain" (#), A*gains"
(#), } prep. Against; also,
towards (in order to meet). [Obs.]
Albeit that it is again his kind.
Chaucer.
A*gain"buy` (#), v. t. To
redeem. [Obs.]
Wyclif.
A*gain"say` (#), v. t. To
gainsay. [Obs.]
Wyclif.
A*gainst" (?; 277), prep. [OE.
agens, ageynes, AS. ongegn. The
s is adverbial, orig. a genitive ending. See
Again.] 1. Abreast; opposite to;
facing; towards; as, against the mouth of a
river; -- in this sense often preceded by
over.
Jacob saw the angels of God come against him.
Tyndale.
2. From an opposite direction so as to strike or
come in contact with; in contact with; upon; as, hail beats
against the roof.
3. In opposition to, whether the opposition is of
sentiment or of action; on the other side; counter to; in
contrariety to; hence, adverse to; as, against
reason; against law; to run a race against
time.
The gate would have been shut against her.
Fielding.
An argument against the use of steam.
Tyndale.
4. By of before the time that; in preparation for;
so as to be ready for the time when. [Archaic or
Dial.]
Urijah the priest made it, against King Ahaz came
from Damascus.
2 Kings xvi. 11.
Against the sun, in a direction contrary to
that in which the sun appears to move.
A*gain"stand` (#), v. t. To
withstand. [Obs.]
A*gain"ward (#), adv. Back
again. [Obs.]
<-- p. 31 -->
{ \'d8Ag`a*lac"ti*a (#),
Ag"a*lax`y (#), } n. [Gr.
/; / priv. + /, /, milk.] (Med.)
Failure of the due secretion of milk after childbirth.
Ag`a*lac"tous (#), a. Lacking
milk to suckle with.
\'d8A`gal-a"gal (#), n. Same as
Agar-agar.
{ Ag"al*loch (#),
\'d8A*gal"lo*chum (#), } n.
[Gr. /, of Eastern origin: cf. Skr. aguru, Heb.
pl. ah\'bel\'c6m.] A soft, resinous wood
(Aquilaria Agallocha) of highly aromatic smell, burnt
by the orientals as a perfume. It is called also
agalwood and aloes wood.
The name is also given to some other species.
Ag`al*mat"o*lite (#), n. [Gr.
/, /, image, statue + -lite: cf. F.
agalmatolithe.] (Min.) A soft,
compact stone, of a grayish, greenish, or yellowish color, carved
into images by the Chinese, and hence called figure
stone, and pagodite. It is probably
a variety of pinite.
\'d8Ag"a*ma (#), n.; pl.
Agamas (#). [From the Caribbean name
of a species of lizard.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus
of lizards, one of the few which feed upon vegetable substances;
also, one of these lizards.
\'d8Ag"a*mi (#), n.; pl.
Agamis (#). [F. agex>, fr. the native
name.] (Zo\'94l.) A South American bird
(Psophia crepitans), allied to the cranes, and easily
domesticated; -- called also the gold-breasted
trumpeter. Its body is about the size of the pheasant.
See Trumpeter.
A*gam"ic (#), a.
[Agamous.] (a) (Biol.)
Produced without sexual union; as, agamic or
unfertilized eggs. (b) Not having
visible organs of reproduction, as flowerless plants;
agamous.
A*gam"ic*al*ly (#), adv. In an
agamic manner.
Ag"a*mist (#), n. [See
Agamous.] An unmarried person; also, one
opposed to marriage.
Foxe.
\'d8Ag`a*mo*gen"e*sis (#), n.
[Gr. / unmarried (/ priv. + / marriage) + /
reproduction.] (Biol.) Reproduction without
the union of parents of distinct sexes: asexual
reproduction.
Ag`a*mo*ge*net"ic (#), n.
(Biol.) Reproducing or produced without sexual
union. -- Ag`a*mo*ge*net"ic*al*ly
(#), adv.
All known agamogenetic processes end in a complete
return to the primitive stock.
Huxley.
Ag"a*mous (#), a. [Gr. /
unmarried; / priv. + / marriage.] (Biol.)
Having no visible sexual organs; asexual. In Bo>.,
cryptogamous.
A*gan`gli*o"nic (#), a. [Pref.
a- not + ganglionic.]
(Physiol.) Without ganglia.
A*gape" (#), adv. & a. [Pref.
a- + gape.] Gaping, as with
wonder, expectation, or eager attention.
Dazzles the crowd and sets them all agape.
Milton.
\'d8Ag"a*pe (#), n.; pl.
Agap\'91 (#). [Gr. / love, pl.
/.] The love feast of the primitive Christians,
being a meal partaken of in connection with the communion.
\'d8A`gar-a"gar (#), n.
[Ceylonese local name.] A fucus or seaweed much
used in the East for soups and jellies; Ceylon moss
(Gracilaria lichenoides).
Ag"a*ric (?; 277), n. [L.
agaricum, Gr. /, said to be fr. Agara, a
town in Sarmatia.] 1. (Bot.) A
fungus of the genus Ag/xex>, of many species, of which the
common mushroom is an example.
2. An old name for severwal species of
Polyporus, corky fungi growing on decaying wood.
female agaric\'b8 (Polyporus
officinalic) was renowned as a cathartic; the \'bdmale
agaric\'b8 (Polyporus igniarius) is used for
preparing touchwood, called punk of German tinder.
Agaric mineral, a light, chalky deposit of
carbonate of lime, sometimes called rock milk, formed
in caverns or fissures of limestone.
A*gasp" (#), adv. & a. [.
a- + gasp.] In a state of
gasping.
Coleridge.
A*gast" or A*ghast" (#),
v. t. To affright; to terrify.
[Obs.]
Chaucer. Spenser.
A*gast" (#), p. p. & a. See
Aghast.
A*gas"tric (#), a. [Gr. /
priv. + / stomach.] (Physiol.) Having to
stomach, or distinct digestive canal, as the tapeworm.
A*gate" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- on + gate way.] On the way;
agoing; as, to be agate; to set the bells
agate. [Obs.]
Cotgrave.
Ag"ate (#), n. [F.
agate, It. agata, L. achates,
fr. Gr. /.] 1. (Min.) A
semipellucid, uncrystallized variety of quartz, presenting
various tints in the same specimen. Its colors are delicately
arranged in stripes or bands, or blended in clouds.
fortification agate, or Scotch
pebble, the moss agate, the clouded agate,
etc., are familiar varieties.
2. (Print.) A kind of type, larger than
pearl and smaller than nonpareil; in England called
ruby.
agate.
3. A diminutive person; so called in allusion to
the small figures cut in agate for rings and seals.
[Obs.]
Shak.
4. A tool used by gold-wire drawers, bookbinders,
etc.; -- so called from the agate fixed in it for
burnishing.
Ag`a*tif"er*ous (#), a.
[Agate + -ferous.]
Containing or producing agates.
Craig.
Ag"a*tine (#), a. Pertaining
to, or like, agate.
Ag"a*tize (#), v. t. [Usually
p. p. Agatized(#).] To convert into
agate; to make resemble agate.
Dana.
Ag"a*ty (#), a. Of the nature
of agate, or containing agate.
A*ga"ve (#), n. [L.
Agave, prop. name, fr. Gr. /, fem. of /
illustrious, noble.] (bot.) A genus of
plants (order Amaryllidace\'91) of which the chief
species is the maguey or century plant (A. Americana),
wrongly called Aloe. It is from ten to seventy years, according
to climate, in attaining maturity, when it produces a gigantic
flower stem, sometimes forty feet in height, and perishes. The
fermented juice is the pulque of the Mexicans;
distilled, it yields mescal. A strong thread and a
tough paper are made from the leaves, and the wood has many
uses.
A*gazed" (#), p. p. [Only in p.
p.; another spelling for aghast.] Gazing
with astonishment; amazed. [Obs.]
The whole army stood agazed on him.
Shak.
Age (#), n. [OF.
aage, eage, F. \'83ge, fr. L.
aetas through a supposed LL. aetaticum. L.
aetas is contracted fr. aevitas, fr.
aevum lifetime, age; akin to E. aye ever.
Cf. Each.] 1. The whole duration of
a being, whether animal, vegetable, or other kind;
lifetime.
Mine age is as nothing before thee.
Ps. xxxix. 5.
2. That part of the duration of a being or a thing
which is between its beginning and any given time; as, what is
the present age of a man, or of the earth?
3. The latter part of life; an advanced period of
life; seniority; state of being old.
Nor wrong mine age with this indignity.
Shak.
4. One of the stages of life; as, the
age of infancy, of youth, etc.
Shak.
5. Mature age; especially, the time of life at
which one attains full personal rights and capacities; as, to
come of age; he (or she) is of age.
Abbott. In the United States, both males and
females are of age when twenty-one years
old.
6. The time of life at which some particular power
or capacity is understood to become vested; as, the
age of consent; the age of
discretion.
Abbott.
7. A particular period of time in history, as
distinguished from others; as, the golden age, the
age of Pericles. \'bdThe spirit of the
age.\'b8
Prescott.
Truth, in some age or other, will find her
witness.
Milton.
Archeological ages are designated as three:
The Stone age (the early and the later stone age,
called paleolithic and neolithic), the Bronze
age, and the Iron age. During the Age of
Stone man is supposed to have employed stone for weapons and
implements.
See Augustan, Brazen, Golden,
Heroic, Middle.
8. A great period in the history of the
Earth.
The geologic ages are as follows: 1. The
Arch\'91an, including the time when was no life and the time of
the earliest and simplest forms of life. 2. The age of
Invertebrates, or the Silurian, when the life on the globe
consisted distinctively of invertebrates. 3. The age of
Fishes, or the Devonian, when fishes were the dominant race. 4.
The age of Coal Plants, or Acrogens, or the
Carboniferous age. 5. The Mesozoic or Secondary
age, or age of Reptiles, when reptiles
prevailed in great numbers and of vast size. 6. The Tertiary
age, or age of Mammals, when the mammalia, or
quadrupeds, abounded, and were the dominant race. 7. The
Quaternary age, or age of Man, or the modern
era.
Dana.
9. A century; the period of one hundred
years.
Fleury . . . apologizes for these five ages.
Hallam.
10. The people who live at a particular period;
hence, a generation. \'bdAges yet unborn.\'b8
Pope.
The way which the age follows.
J. H. Newman.
Lo! where the stage, the poor, degraded stage,
Holds its warped mirror to a gaping age.
C. Sprague.
11. A long time. [Colloq.]
\'bdHe made minutes an age.\'b8
Tennyson.
Age of a tide, the time from the origin of a
tide in the South Pacific Ocean to its arrival at a given
place. -- Moon's age, the time that has
elapsed since the last preceding conjunction of the sun and
moon.
Age is used to form the first part of
many compounds; as, agelasting,
age-adorning, age-worn,
age-enfeebled, agelong.
Syn. -- Time; period; generation; date; era; epoch.
Age, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Aged (#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Aging (#).] To grow aged; to
become old; to show marks of age; as, he grew fat as he
aged.
They live one hundred and thirty years, and never
age for all that.
Holland.
I am aging; that is, I have a whitish, or rather a
light-colored, hair here and there.
Landor.
Age, v. t. To cause to grow old; to
impart the characteristics of age to; as, grief ages
us.
A"ged (#), a. 1. Old;
having lived long; having lived almost to or beyond the usual
time allotted to that species of being; as, an aged
man; an aged oak.
2. Belonging to old age. \'bdAged
cramps.\'b8
Shak.
3. (#) Having a certain age; at the age of; having
lived; as, a man aged forty years.
A"ged*ly, adv. In the manner of an aged
person.
A"ged*ness, n. The quality of being
aged; oldness.
Custom without truth is but agedness of error.
Milton.
Age"less (#), a. Without old
age limits of duration; as, fountains of ageless
youth.
A*gen" (#), adv. & prep. See
Again. [Obs.]
A"gen*cy (#), n.; pl.
Agencies (#). [agentia,
fr. L. agens, agentis: cf. F.
agence. See Agent.] 1.
The faculty of acting or of exerting power; the state of
being in action; action; instrumentality.
The superintendence and agency of Providence in the
natural world.
Woodward.
2. The office of an agent, or factor; the relation
between a principal and his agent; business of one intrusted with
the concerns of another.
3. The place of business of am agent.
Syn. -- Action; operation; efficiency; management.
A"gend (#), n. See
Agendum. [Obs.]
\'d8A*gen"dum (#), n.; pl.
Agenda (#). [L., neut. of the
gerundive of agere to act.] 1.
Something to be done; in the pl., a memorandum
book.
2. A church service; a ritual or liturgy. [In this
sense, usually Agenda.]
Ag`e*nes"ic (#), a. [See
Agensis.] (Physiol.) Characterized
by sterility; infecund.
\'d8A*gen"e*sis (#), n. [Gr.
/ priv. + / birth.] (Physiol.) Any
imperfect development of the body, or any anomaly of
organization.
\'d8Ag`en*ne"sis (#), n. [Gr.
/ priv. + / an engendering.] (Physiol.)
Impotence; sterility.
A"gent (#), a. [L.
agens, agentis, p. pr. of agere
to act; akin to Gr. / to lead, Icel. aka to drive,
Skr. aj. /.] Acting/ -- opposed to
patient, or sustaining, action.
[Archaic] \'bdThe body agent.\'b8
Bacon.
A"gent, n. 1. One who exerts
power, or has the power to act; an actor.
Heaven made us agents, free to good or ill.
Dryden.
2. One who acts for, or in the place of, another,
by authority from him; one intrusted with the business of
another; a substitute; a deputy; a factor.
3. An active power or cause; that which has the
power to produce an effect; as, a physical, chemical, or
medicinal agent; as, heat is a powerful
agent.
A*gen"tial (#), a. Of or
pertaining to an agent or an agency.
Fitzed. Hall.
A"gent*ship (#), n.
Agency.
Beau. & Fl.
\'d8A*ger"a*tum (#), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. / a sort of plant; / priv. + / old age.]
(Bot.) A genus of plants, one species of which
(A. Mexicanum) has lavender-blue flowers in dense
clusters.
Ag*gen`er*a"tion (#), n. [L.
aggenerare to beget in addition. See
Generate.] The act of producing in
addition. [Obs.]
T. Stanley.
\'d8Ag"ger (#), n. [L., a
mound, fr. aggerere to bear to a place, heap up;
ad + gerere to bear.] An earthwork; a
mound; a raised work. [Obs.]
Hearne.
Ag"ger*ate (#), v. t. [L.
aggeratus, p. p. of aggerare. See
Agger.] To heap up. [Obs.]
Foxe.
Ag`ger*a"tion (#), n. [L.
aggeratio.] A heaping up; accumulation;
as, aggerations of sand.
[R.]
Ag`ger*ose" (#), a. In heaps;
full of heaps.
Ag*gest" (#), v. t. [L.
aggestus, p. p. of aggerere. See
Agger.] To heap up. [Obs.]
The violence of the waters aggested the earth.
Fuller.
Ag*glom"er*ate (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Agglomerated
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Agglomerating
(#).] [L. agglomeratus, p.
p. of agglomerare; ad + glomerare to form
into a ball. See Glomerate.] To wind or
collect into a ball; hence, to gather into a mass or anything
like a mass.
Where he builds the agglomerated pile.
Cowper.
Ag*glom"er*ate, v. i. To collect in a
mass.
{ Ag*glom"er*ate (#),
Ag*glom"er*a`ted (#), } a.
1. Collected into a ball, heap, or mass.
2. (Bot.) Collected into a rounded head
of flowers.
Ag*glom"er*ate (#), n. 1.
A collection or mass.
2. (Geol.) A mass of angular volcanic
fragments united by heat; -- distinguished from
conglomerate.
Ag*glom`er*a"tion (#), n. [Cf.
F. agglom\'82ration.] 1. The act
or process of collecting in a mass; a heaping together.
An excessive agglomeration of turrets.
Warton.
2. State of being collected in a mass; a mass;
cluster.
Ag*glom"er*a*tive (#), a.
Having a tendency to gather together, or to make
collections.
Taylor is eminently discursive, accumulative, and (to use one
of his own words) agglomerative.
Coleridge.
Ag*glu"ti*nant (#), a. [L.
agglutinans, -antis, p. pr. of
agglutinare.] Uniting, as glue; causing, or
tending to cause, adhesion. -- n.
Any viscous substance which causes bodies or parts to
adhere.
Ag*glu"ti*nate (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Agglutinated
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Agglutinating.] [L.
agglutinatus, p. p. of agglutinare to glue
or cement to a thing; ad + glutinare to glue;
gluten glue. See Glue.] To unite,
or cause to adhere, as with glue or other viscous substance; to
unite by causing an adhesion of substances.
Ag*glu"ti*nate (#), a. 1.
United with glue or as with glue; cemented together.
2. (physiol.) Consisting of root words
combined but not materially altered as to form or meaning;
as, agglutinate forms, languages, etc. See
Agglutination, 2.
Ag*glu`ti*na"tion (#), n. [Cf.
F. agglutination.] 1. The act of
uniting by glue or other tenacious substance; the state of being
thus united; adhesion of parts.
2. (Physiol.) Combination in which root
words are united with little or no change of form or loss of
meaning. See Agglutinative, 2.
Ag*glu"ti*na*tive (#), a. [Cf.
F. agglutinatif.] 1. Pertaining to
agglutination; tending to unite, or having power to cause
adhesion; adhesive.
2. (Philol.) Formed or characterized by
agglutination, as a language or a compound.
In agglutinative languages the union of words may
be compared to mechanical compounds, in inflective languages to
chemical compounds.
R. Morris.
Cf. man-kind,
heir-loom, war-like,
which are agglutinative compounds. The Finnish,
Hungarian, Turkish, the Tamul, etc., are agglutinative
languages.
R. Morris.
Agglutinative languages preserve the consciousness
of their roots.
Max M\'81ller.
Ag*grace" (#), v. t. [Pref.
a- + grace: cf. It. aggraziare,
LL. aggratiare. See Grace.] To
favor; to grace. [Obs.] \'bdThat knight so
much aggraced.\'b8
Spenser.
<-- p. 32 -->
Ag*grace" (#), n. Grace;
favor. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Ag"gran*di"za*ble (#), a.
Capable of being aggrandized.
Ag*gran`di*za"tion (#), n.
Aggrandizement. [Obs.]
Waterhouse.
Ag"gran*dize (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Aggrandized
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Aggrandizing
(#).] [F. agrandir;
\'85 (L. ad) + grandir to
increase, L. grandire, fr. grandis great.
See Grand, and cf. Finish.] 1.
To make great; to enlarge; to increase; as, to
aggrandize our conceptions, authority,
distress.
2. To make great or greater in power, rank, honor,
or wealth; -- applied to persons, countries, etc.
His scheme for aggrandizing his son.
Prescott.
3. To make appear great or greater; to exalt.
Lamb.
Syn. -- To augment; exalt; promote; advance.
Ag"gran*dize, v. i. To increase or
become great. [Obs.]
Follies, continued till old age, do aggrandize.
J. Hall.
Ag*gran"dize*ment (?; 277), n.
[Cf. F. agrandissement.] The act of
aggrandizing, or the state of being aggrandized or exalted in
power, rank, honor, or wealth; exaltation; enlargement; as,
the emperor seeks only the aggrandizement of his own
family.
Syn. -- Augmentation; exaltation; enlargement; advancement;
promotion; preferment.
Ag"gran*di`zer (#), n. One who
aggrandizes, or makes great.
Ag*grate" (#), v. t. [It.
aggratare, fr. L. ad + gratus pleasing. See
Grate, a.] To please.
[Obs.]
Each one sought his lady to aggrate.
Spenser.
Ag"gra*vate (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Aggravated
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Aggravating.] [L.
aggravatus, p. p. of aggravare. See
Aggrieve.] 1. To make heavy or
heavier; to add to; to increase. [Obs.] \'bdTo
aggravate thy store.\'b8
Shak.
2. To make worse, or more severe; to render less
tolerable or less excusable; to make more offensive; to enhance;
to intensify. \'bdTo aggravate my woes.\'b8
Pope.
To aggravate the horrors of the scene.
Prescott.
The defense made by the prisioner's counsel did rather
aggravate than extenuate his crime.
Addison.
3. To give coloring to in description; to
exaggerate; as, to aggravate
circumstances.
Paley.
4. To exasperate; to provoke; to irritate.
[Colloq.]
If both were to aggravate her parents, as my
brother and sister do mine.
Richardson (Clarissa).
Syn. -- To heighten; intensify; increase; magnify;
exaggerate; provoke; irritate; exasperate.
Ag"gra*va`ting (#), a. 1.
Making worse or more heinous; as, aggravating
circumstances.
2. Exasperating; provoking; irritating.
[Colloq.]
A thing at once ridiculous and aggravating.
J. Ingelow.
Ag"gra*va`ting*ly, adv. In an
aggravating manner.
Ag`gra*va"tion (#), n. [LL.
aggravatio: cf. F. aggravation.]
1. The act of aggravating, or making worse; -- used
of evils, natural or moral; the act of increasing in severity or
heinousness; something additional to a crime or wrong and
enhancing its guilt or injurious consequences.
2. Exaggerated representation.
By a little aggravation of the features changed it
into the Saracen's head.
Addison.
3. An extrinsic circumstance or accident which
increases the guilt of a crime or the misery of a calamity.
4. Provocation; irritation.
[Colloq.]
Dickens.
Ag"gra*va*tive (#), a. Tending
to aggravate. Ag*gres"sive*ly,
adv. -- Ag*gres"sive*ness,
n.
No aggressive movement was made.
Macaulay.
Ag*gres"sor (#), n. [L.: cf. F.
agresseur.] The person who first attacks or
makes an aggression; he who begins hostility or a quarrel; an
assailant.
The insolence of the aggressor is usually
proportioned to the tameness of the sufferer.
Ames.
Ag*griev"ance (#), n. [OF.
agrevance, fr. agrever. See
Aggrieve.] Oppression; hardship; injury;
grievance. [Archaic]
Ag*grieve" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Aggrieved
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Aggrieving
(#).] [OE. agreven, OF.
agrever; a (L. ad) +
grever to burden, injure, L. gravare to
weigh down, fr. gravis heavy. See Grieve, and
cf. Aggravate.] To give pain or sorrow to; to
afflict; hence, to oppress or injure in one's rights; to bear
heavily upon; -- now commonly used in the passive TO be
aggrieved.
Aggrieved by oppression and extortion.
Macaulay.
Ag*grieve", v. i. To grieve; to
lament. [Obs.]
Ag*group" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Aggrouped
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Aggrouping.] [F. agrouper;
\'85 (L. ad) + groupe group. See
Group..] To bring together in a group; to
group.
Dryden.
Ag*group"ment (#), n.
Arrangement in a group or in groups; grouping.
\'d8Ag"gry, \'d8Ag"gri (#),
a. Applied to a kind of variegated glass beads of
ancient manufacture; as, aggry beads are found in
Ashantee and Fantee in Africa.
A*ghast" (#), v. t. See
Agast, v. t. [Obs.]
A*ghast" (#), a & p. p. [OE.
agast, agasted, p. p. of agasten
to terrify, fr. AS. pref. \'be- (cf. Goth.
us-, G. er-, orig. meaning out)
+ g/stan to terrify, torment: cf. Goth.
usgaisjan to terrify, primitively to fix, to root to
the spot with terror; akin to L. haerere to stick
fast, cling. See Gaze, Hesitate.]
Terrified; struck with amazement; showing signs of terror or
horror.
Aghast he waked; and, starting from his bed,
Cold sweat in clammy drops his limbs o'erspread.
Dryden.
The commissioners read and stood aghast.
Macaulay.
Ag"i*ble (#), a. [Cf. LL.
agibilis, fr. L. agere to move, do.]
Possible to be done; practicable. [Obs.]
\'bdFit for agible things.\'b8
Sir A. Sherley.
Ag"ile (#), a. [F.
agile, L. agilis, fr. agere to
move. See Agent.] Having the faculty of quick
motion in the limbs; apt or ready to move; nimble; active;
as, an agile boy; an agile
tongue.
Shaking it with agile hand.
Cowper.
Syn. -- Active; alert; nimble; brisk; lively; quick.
Ag"ile*ly, adv. In an agile manner;
nimbly.
Ag"ile*ness, n. Agility;
nimbleness. [R.]
A*gil"i*ty (#), n. [F.
agili\'82, L. agilitas, fr.
agilis.] 1. The quality of being
agile; the power of moving the limbs quickly and easily;
nimbleness; activity; quickness of motion; as, strength and
agility of body.
They . . . trust to the agility of their wit.
Bacon.
Wheeling with the agility of a hawk.
Sir W. Scott.
2. Activity; powerful agency.
[Obs.]
The agility of the sun's fiery heat.
Holland.
Ag"i*o (#), n.; pl.
Agios (#). [It. aggio
exchange, discount, premium, the same word as agio
ease. See Ease.] (Com.) The premium or
percentage on a better sort of money when it is given in exchange
for an inferior sort. The premium or discount on foreign bills of
exchange is sometimes called agio.
Ag"i*o*tage (#), n. [F.
agiotage, fr. agioter to practice
stockjobbing, fr. agio.] Exchange business;
also, stockjobbing; the maneuvers of speculators to raise or
lower the price of stocks or public funds.
Vanity and agiotage are to a Parisian the oxygen
and hydrogen of life.
Landor.
A*gist" (#), v. t. [OF.
agister; \'85 (L. ad) +
gister to assign a lodging, fr. giste
lodging, abode, F. g\'8cte, LL. gistum,
gista, fr. L. jacitum, p. p. of
jac/re to lie: cf. LL. agistare,
adgistare. See Gist.] (Law)
To take to graze or pasture, at a certain sum; -- used
originally of the feeding of cattle in the king's forests, and
collecting the money for the same.
Blackstone.
Ag`is*ta"tor (#), n.
[LL.] See Agister.
{ A*gist"er, A*gist"or }
(#), n. [Anglo-Norman
agistour.] (Law) (a)
Formerly, an officer of the king's forest, who had the care
of cattle agisted, and collected the money for the same; -- hence
called gisttaker, which in England is
corrupted into guest-taker. (b)
Now, one who agists or takes in cattle to pasture at a
certain rate; a pasturer.
Mozley & W.
A*gist"ment (#), n. [OF.
agistement. See Agist.]
(Law) (a) Formerly, the taking and
feeding of other men's cattle in the king's forests.
(b) The taking in by any one of other men's cattle
to graze at a certain rate. Mozley & W.
(c) The price paid for such feeding.
(d) A charge or rate against lands; as, an
agistment of sea banks, i. e., charge for banks
or dikes.
Ag"i*ta*ble (#), a. [L.
agitabilis: cf. F. agitable.]
Capable of being agitated, or easily moved.
[R.]
Ag"i*tate (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Agitated
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Agitating
(#).] [L. agitatus, p. p. of
agitare to put in motion, fr. agere to
move: cf. F. agiter. See Act,
Agent.] 1. To move with a violent,
irregular action; as, the wind agitates the sea; to
agitate water in a vessel. \'bdWinds . . .
agitate the air.\'b8
Cowper.
2. To move or actuate. [R.]
Thomson.
3. To stir up; to disturb or excite; to perturb;
as, he was greatly agitated.
The mind of man is agitated by various
passions.
Johnson.
4. To discuss with great earnestness; to debate;
as, a controversy hotly agitated.
Boyle.
5. To revolve in the mind, or view in all its
aspects; to contrive busily; to devise; to plot; as,
politicians agitate desperate designs.
Syn. -- To move; shake; excite; rouse; disturb; distract;
revolve; discuss; debate; canvass.
Ag"i*ta`ted*ly, adv. In an agitated
manner.
Ag`i*ta"tion (#), n. [L.
agitatio: cf. F. agitation.]
1. The act of agitating, or the state of being
agitated; the state of being moved with violence, or with
irregular action; commotion; as, the sea after a storm is in
agitation.
2. A stirring up or arousing; disturbance of
tranquillity; disturbance of mind which shows itself by physical
excitement; perturbation; as, to cause any one
agitation.
3. Excitement of public feeling by discussion,
appeals, etc.; as, the antislavery agitation; labor
agitation. \'bdReligious
agitations.\'b8
Prescott.
4. Examination or consideration of a subject in
controversy, or of a plan proposed for adoption; earnest
discussion; debate.
A logical agitation of the matter.
L'Estrange.
The project now in agitation.
Swift.
Syn. -- Emotion; commotion; excitement; trepidation; tremor;
perturbation. See Emotion.
Ag"i*ta*tive (#), a. Tending to
agitate.
\'d8A`gi*ta"to (#), a. [It.,
agitated.] (Med.) Sung or played in a
restless, hurried, and spasmodic manner.
Ag"i*ta`tor (#), n. [L.]
1. One who agitates; one who stirs up or excites
others; as, political reformers and
agitators.
2. (Eng. Hist.) One of a body of men
appointed by the army, in Cromwell's time, to look after their
interests; -- called also adjutators.
Clarendon.
3. An implement for shaking or mixing.
A*gleam" (#), adv. & a. [Pref.
a- + gleam.] Gleaming; as,
faces agleam.
Lowell.
{ Ag"let (#), Aig"let
(#), } n. [F.
aiguillette point, tagged point, dim. of
aiguilee needle, fr. LL. acucula for
acicula, dim. of L. acus needle, pin/:
cf. OF. agleter to hook on. See Acute, and
cf. Aiguillette.] 1. A tag of a lace
or of the points, braids, or cords formerly used in dress. They
were sometimes formed into small images. Hence,
\'bdaglet baby\'bd (Shak.), an
aglet image.
2. (Haberdashery) A round white
staylace.
Beck.
A*gley" (#), adv. Aside;
askew. [Scotch]
Burns.
A*glim"mer (#), adv. & a.
[Pref. a- + glimmer.] In a
glimmering state.
Hawthorne.
A*glit"ter (#), adv. & a.
[Pref. a- + glitter.]
Clittering; in a glitter.
A*glos"sal (#), a. [Gr.
/.] (Zo\'94l.) Without tongue;
tongueless.
A*glow" (#), adv. & a. [Pref.
a- + glow.] In a glow; glowing;
as, cheeks aglow; the landscape all
aglow.
Ag`lu*ti"tion (#), n. [Pref.
a- not + L. glutire to swallow.]
(Med.) Inability to swallow.
Ag"mi*nal (#), a. [L.
agminalis; agmen, agminis, a
train.] Pertaining to an army marching, or to a
train. [R.]
{ Ag"mi*nate (#), Ag"mi*na`ted
(#), } a. [L. agmen,
agminis, a train, crowd.] (Physiol.)
Grouped together; as, the agminated glands of
Peyer in the small intestine.
Ag"nail (#), n. [AS.
angn\'91gl; ange vexation, trouble +
n\'91gel nail. Cf. Hangnail.]
1. A corn on the toe or foot.
[Obs.]
2. An inflammation or sore under or around the
nail; also, a hangnail.
Ag"nate (#), a. [L.
agnatus, p. p. of agnasci to be born in
addition to; ad + nasci (for gnasci) to be
born. Cf. Adnate.] 1. Related or
akin by the father's side; also, sprung from the same male
ancestor.
2. Allied; akin. \'bdAgnate
words.\'b8
Pownall.
Assume more or less of a fictitious character, but congenial
and agnate with the former.
Landor.
Ag"nate, n. [Cf. F.
agnat.] (Civil Law) A relative
whose relationship can be traced exclusively through males.
Ag*nat"ic (#), a. [Cf. F.
agnatique.] Pertaining to descent by the
male line of ancestors. \'bdThe agnatic
succession.\'b8
Blackstone.
Ag*na"tion (#), n. [L.
agnatio: cf. F. agnation.]
1. (Civil Law) Consanguinity by a line
of males only, as distinguished from cognation.
Bouvier.
<-- p. 33 -->
Ag*ni"tion (#), n. [L.
agnitio, fr. agnoscere. See
Notion.] Acknowledgment.
[Obs.]
Grafton.
Ag*nize" (#), v. t. [Formed
like recognize, fr. L. agnoscere.]
To recognize; to acknowledge. [Archaic]
I do agnize a natural and prompt alacrity.
Shak.
Ag`noi*ol"*gy (#), n. [Gr. /
ignorance + -logy.] (Metaph.)
The doctrine concerning those things of which we are
necessarily ignorant.
\'d8Ag*no"men (#), n. [L.;
ad + nomen name.] 1. An additional
or fourth name given by the Romans, or account of some remarkable
exploit or event; as, Publius Caius Scipio
Africanus.
2. An additional name, or an epithet appended to a
name; as, Aristides the Just.
Ag*nom"i*nate (#), v. t. To
name. [Obs.]
Ag*nom`i*na"tion (#), n. [L.
agnominatio. See Agnomen.] 1.
A surname. [R.]
Minsheu.
2. Paronomasia; also, alliteration;
annomination.
Ag*nos"tic (#), a. [Gr. /
priv. + / knowing, / to know.] Professing
ignorance; involving no dogmatic; pertaining to or involving
agnosticism. -- Ag*nos"tic*al*ly
(#), adv.
Ag*nos"tic, n. One who professes
ignorance, or denies that we have any knowledge, save of
phenomena; one who supports agnosticism, neither affirming nor
denying the existence of a personal Deity, a future life,
etc.
Ag*nos"ti*cism (#), n. That
doctrine which, professing ignorance, neither asserts nor
denies. Specifically: (Theol.) The
doctrine that the existence of a personal Deity, an unseen world,
etc., can be neither proved nor disproved, because of the
necessary limits of the human mind (as sometimes charged upon
Hamilton and Mansel), or because of the insufficiency of the
evidence furnished by physical and physical data, to warrant a
positive conclusion (as taught by the school of Herbert Spencer);
-- opposed alike dogmatic skepticism and to dogmatic
theism.
\'d8Ag"nus (#), n.; pl. E.
Agnuses (#); L. Agni
(#). [L., a lamb.] Agnus
Dei.
\'d8Ag"nus cas"tus (#). [Gr. / a
willowlike tree, used at a religious festival; confused with /
holy, chaste.] (Bot.) A species of
Vitex (V. agnus castus); the chaste
tree.
Loudon.
And wreaths of agnus castus others bore.
Dryden.
\'d8Ag"nus De"i (#). [L., lamb of
God.] (R. C. Ch.) (a) A figure of
a lamb bearing a cross or flag. (b) A cake of
wax stamped with such a figure. It is made from the remains of
the paschal candles and blessed by the Pope. (c)
A triple prayer in the sacrifice of the Mass, beginning with
the words \'bdAgnus Dei.\'b8
A*go" (#), a. & adv. [OE.
ago, agon, p. p. of agon to go
away, pass by, AS. \'beg\'ben to pass away;
\'be- (cf. Goth. us-, Ger. er-,
orig. meaning out) + g\'ben to go. See
Go.] Past; gone by; since; as, ten years
ago; gone long ago.
A*gog" (#), a. & adv. [Cf. F.
gogue fun, perhaps of Celtic origin.] In
eager desire; eager; astir.
All agog to dash through thick and thin.
Cowper.
A*go"ing (#), adv. [Pref.
a- + p. pr. of go.] In motion;
in the act of going; as, to set a mill
agoing.
\'d8Ag"on (#), n.; pl.
Agones (#). [Gr. /, fr. / to
lead.] (Gr. Antiq.) A contest for a prize
at the public games.
A*gone" (#), a. & adv.
Ago. [Archaic> & Poet.]
Three days agone I fell sick.
1 Sam. xxx. 13.
A"gone (#), n. [See
Agonic.] Agonic line.
A*gon"ic (#), a. [Gr. /
without angles; / priv. + / an angle.] Not forming
an angle.
Agonic line (Physics), an imaginary
line on the earth's surface passing through those places where
the magnetic needle points to the true north; the line of no
magnetic variation. There is one such line in the Western
hemisphere, and another in the Eastern hemisphere.
Ag"o*nism (#), n. [Gr. /, fr.
/ to contend for a prize, fr. /. See Agon.]
Contention for a prize; a contest. [Obs.]
Blount.
Ag"o*nist (#), n. [Gr.
/.] One who contends for the prize in public
games. [R.]
{ Ag`o*nis"tic (#),
Ag`o*nis"tic*al (#), } a.
[Gr. /. See Agonism.] Pertaining to
violent contests, bodily or mental; pertaining to athletic or
polemic feats; athletic; combative; hence, strained;
unnatural.
As a scholar, he [Dr. Parr] was brilliant, but he consumed his
power in agonistic displays.
De Quincey.
Ag`o*nis"tic*al*ly, adv. In an agonistic
manner.
Ag`o*nis"tics (#), n. The
science of athletic combats, or contests in public games.
Ag"o*nize (#), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Agonized
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Agonizing
(#).] [F. agoniser, LL.
agonizare, fr. Gr. /. See Agony.]
1. To writhe with agony; to suffer violent
anguish.
To smart and agonize at every pore.
Pope.
2. To struggle; to wrestle; to strive
desperately.
Ag"o*nize, v. t. To cause to suffer
agony; to subject to extreme pain; to torture.
He agonized his mother by his behavior.
Thackeray.
Ag"o*ni`zing*ly (#), adv. With
extreme anguish or desperate struggles.
Ag"o*no*thete` (#), n. [Gr.
/; / + / to set. appoint.] [Antiq.]
An officer who presided over the great public games in
Greece.
Ag`o*no*thet"ic (#), a. [Gr.
/.] Pertaining to the office of an agonothete.
Ag"o*ny (#), n.; pl.
Agonies (#). [L. agonia, Gr.
/, orig. a contest, fr. /: cf. F. agonie. See
Agon.] 1. Violent contest or
striving.
The world is convulsed by the agonies of great
nations.
Macaulay.
2. Pain so extreme as to cause writhing or
contortions of the body, similar to those made in the athletic
contests in Greece; and hence, extreme pain of mind or body;
anguish; paroxysm of grief; specifically, the sufferings of
Christ in the garden of Gethsemane.
Being in an agony he prayed more earnestly.
Luke xxii. 44.
3. Paroxysm of joy; keen emotion.
With cries and agonies of wild delight.
Pope.
4. The last struggle of life; death struggle.
Syn. -- Anguish; torment; throe; distress; pangs;
suffering. -- Agony, Anguish,
Pang. These words agree in expressing extreme pain of
body or mind. Agony denotes acute and permanent pain,
usually of the whole system., and often producing contortions.
Anguish denotes severe pressure, and, considered as
bodily suffering, is more commonly local (as anguish
of a wound), thus differing from agony. A
pang is a paroxysm of excruciating pain. It is severe
and transient. The agonies or pangs of
remorse; the anguish of a wounded conscience. \'bdOh,
sharp convulsive pangs of agonizing
pride!\'b8
Dryden.
A-good(#), adv. [Pref.
a- + good.] In earnest;
heartily. [Obs.] \'bdI made her weep
agood.\'b8
Shak.
\'d8Ag"o*ra (#), n. [Gr.
/.] An assembly; hence, the place of assembly,
especially the market place, in an ancient Greek city.
\'d8A*gou"a*ra (#), n. [Native
name.] (Zo\'94l.) The crab-eating raccoon
(Procyon cancrivorus), found in the tropical parts of
America.
\'d8A*gou"ta (#), n. [Native
name.] (Zo\'94l.) A small insectivorous
mammal (Solenodon paradoxus), allied to the moles,
found only in Hayti.
{ A*gou"ti, A*gou"ty }
(#), n. [F. agouti,
acouti, Sp. aguti, fr. native name.]
(Zo\'94l.) A rodent of the genus
Dasyprocta, about the size of a rabbit, peculiar to
South America and the West Indies. The most common species is the
Dasyprocta agouti.
A*grace" (#), n. & v. See
Aggrace. [Obs.]
A*graffe" (#), n. [F.
agrafe, formerly agraffe, OF.
agrappe. See Agrappes.] 1.
A hook or clasp.
The feather of an ostrich, fastened in her turban by an
agraffe set with brilliants.
Sir W. Scott.
2. A hook, eyelet, or other device by which a piano
wire is so held as to limit the vibration.
A*gram"ma*tist (#), n. [Gr. /
illiterate; / priv. + / letters, fr. / to write.]
A illiterate person. [Obs.]
Bailey.
\'d8A*graph"i*a (#), n. [Gr.
/ priv. + / to write.] The absence or loss of the
power of expressing ideas by written signs. It is one form of
aphasia.
A*graph"ic (#), a.
Characterized by agraphia.
A*grappes" (#), n. pl. [OF.
agrappe, F. agrafe; a + grappe
(see Grape) fr. OHG. kr\'bepfo hook.]
Hooks and eyes for armor, etc.
Fairholt.
A*gra"ri*an (#), a. [L.
agrarius, fr. ager field.]
1. Pertaining to fields, or lands, or their tenure;
esp., relating to am equal or equitable division of lands;
as, the agrarian laws of Rome, which distributed the
conquered and other public lands among citizens.
His Grace's landed possessions are irresistibly inviting to an
agrarian experiment.
Burke.
2. (Bot.) Wild; -- said of plants
growing in the fields.
A*gra"ri*an, n. 1. One in favor
of an equal division of landed property.
2. An agrarian law. [R.]
An equal agrarian is perpetual law.
Harrington.
A*gra"ri*an*ism (#), n. An
equal or equitable division of landed property; the principles or
acts of those who favor a redistribution of land.
A*gra"ri*an*ize (#), v. t. To
distribute according to, or to imbue with, the principles of
agrarianism.
{ A*gre", A*gree" } (#),
adv. [F. \'85 gr\'82. See
Agree.] In good part; kindly.
[Obs.]
Rom. of R.
A*gree" (#), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Agreed (#);
p. pr. & vb. n. Agreeing.]
[F. agr\'82er to accept or receive kindly, fr.
\'85 gr\'82; \'85 (L. ad) +
gr\'82 good will, consent, liking, fr. L.
gratus pleasing, agreeable. See
Grateful.] 1. To harmonize in
opinion, statement, or action; to be in unison or concord; to be
or become united or consistent; to concur; as, all parties
agree in the expediency of the law.
If music and sweet poetry agree.
Shak.
Their witness agreed not together.
Mark xiv. 56.
The more you agree together, the less hurt can your
enemies do you.
Sir T. Browne.
2. To yield assent; to accede; -- followed by
to; as, to agree to an offer, or to
opinion.
3. To make a stipulation by way of settling
differences or determining a price; to exchange promises; to come
to terms or to a common resolve; to promise.
Agree with thine adversary quickly.
Matt. v. 25.
Didst not thou agree with me for a penny ?
Matt. xx. 13.
4. To be conformable; to resemble; to coincide; to
correspond; as, the picture does not agree with the
original; the two scales agree exactly.
5. To suit or be adapted in its effects; to do
well; as, the same food does not agree with every
constitution.
6. (Gram.) To correspond in gender,
number, case, or person.
to be are often
employed with the participle agreed. \'bdThe jury
were agreed.\'b8 Macaulay. \'bdCan two walk
together, except they be agreed ?\'b8 Amos iii.
3. The principal intransitive uses were probably derived
from the transitive verb used reflexively. \'bdI agree
me well to your desire.\'b8
Ld. Berners.
Syn. -- To assent; concur; consent; acquiesce; accede;
engage; promise; stipulate; contract; bargain; correspond;
harmonize; fit; tally; coincide; comport.
A*gree" (#), v. t. 1.
To make harmonious; to reconcile or make friends.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
2. To admit, or come to one mind concerning; to
settle; to arrange; as, to agree the fact; to
agree differences. [Obs.]
A*gree`a*bil"i*ty (#), n. [OF.
agreablete.] 1. Easiness of
disposition. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
2. The quality of being, or making one's self,
agreeable; agreeableness.
Thackeray.
A*gree"a*ble (#), a. [F.
agr\'82able.] 1. Pleasing, either
to the mind or senses; pleasant; grateful; as,
agreeable manners or remarks; an agreeable
person; fruit agreeable to the taste.
A train of agreeable reveries.
Goldsmith.
2. Willing; ready to agree or consent.
[Colloq.]
These Frenchmen give unto the said captain of Calais a great
sum of money, so that he will be but content and
agreeable that they may enter into the said town.
Latimer.
3. Agreeing or suitable; conformable;
correspondent; concordant; adapted; -- followed by to,
rarely by with.
That which is agreeable to the nature of one thing,
is many times contrary to the nature of another.
L'Estrange.
4. In pursuance, conformity, or accordance; -- in
this sense used adverbially for agreeably; as,
agreeable to the order of the day, the House took up the
report.
Syn. -- Pleasing; pleasant; welcome; charming; acceptable;
amiable. See Pleasant.
A*gree"a*ble*ness, n. 1. The
quality of being agreeable or pleasing; that quality which gives
satisfaction or moderate pleasure to the mind or senses.
That author . . . has an agreeableness that charms
us.
Pope.
2. The quality of being agreeable or suitable;
suitableness or conformity; consistency.
The agreeableness of virtuous actions to human
nature.
Pearce.
3. Resemblance; concordance; harmony; -- with
to or between. [Obs.]
The agreeableness between man and the other parts
of the universe.
Grew.
A*gree"a*bly, adv. 1. In an
agreeably manner; in a manner to give pleasure; pleasingly.
\'bdAgreeably entertained.\'b8
Goldsmith.
2. In accordance; suitably; consistently;
conformably; -- followed by to and rarely by
with. See Agreeable, 4.
The effect of which is, that marriages grow less frequent,
agreeably to the maxim above laid down.
Paley.
3. Alike; similarly. [Obs.]
Both clad in shepherds' weeds agreeably.
Spenser.
A*gree"ing*ly, adv. In an agreeing
manner (to); correspondingly; agreeably.
[Obs.]
A*gree"ment (#), n. [Cf. F.
agr\'82ment.] 1. State of
agreeing; harmony of opinion, statement, action, or character;
concurrence; concord; conformity; as, a good
agreement subsists among the members of the
council.
What agreement hath the temple of God with idols
?
2 Cor. vi. 16.
Expansion and duration have this further
agreement.
Locke.
2. (Gram.) Concord or correspondence of
one word with another in gender, number, case, or person.
3. (Law) (a) A concurrence in
an engagement that something shall be done or omitted; an
exchange of promises; mutual understanding, arrangement, or
stipulation; a contract. (b) The language,
oral or written, embodying reciprocal promises.
Abbott. Brande & C.
Syn. -- Bargain; contract; compact; stipulation.
A*gre"er (#), n. One who
agrees.
A*gres"tic (#), a. [L.
agrestis, fr. ager field.]
Pertaining to fields or the country, in opposition to the
city; rural; rustic; unpolished; uncouth.
\'bdAgrestic behavior.\'b8
Gregory.
A*gres"tic*al (#), a.
Agrestic. [Obs.]
A*gric`o*la"tion (#), n. [L.,
agricolatio.] Agriculture.
[Obs.]
Bailey.
A*gric"o*list (#), n. A
cultivator of the soil; an agriculturist.
Dodsley.
Ag"ri*cul`tor (#), n. [L., fr.
ager field + cultor cultivator.]
An agriculturist; a farmer. [R.]
Ag`ri*cul"tur*al (#), a. Of or
pertaining to agriculture; connected with, or engaged in,
tillage; as, the agricultural class;
agricultural implements, wages, etc. --
Ag`ri*cul"tur*al*ly,
adv.
Agricultural ant (Zo\'94l.), a
species of ant which gathers and stores seeds of grasses, for
food. The remarkable species (Myrmica barbata) found
in Texas clears circular areas and carefully cultivates its
favorite grain, known as ant rice.
Ag`ri*cul"tur*al*ist, n. An
agriculturist (which is the preferred form.)
Ag"ri*cul`ture (?; 135), n. [L.
agricultura; ager field +
cultura cultivation: cf. F. agriculture.
See Acre and Culture.] The art or
science of cultivating the ground, including the harvesting of
crops, and the rearing and management of live stock; tillage;
husbandry; farming.
Ag`ri*cul"tur*ism (#), n.
Agriculture. [R.]
Ag`ri*cul"tur*ist, n. One engaged or
skilled in agriculture; a husbandman.
The farmer is always a practitioner, the
agriculturist may be a mere theorist.
Crabb.
A*grief" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- + grief.] In grief;
amiss. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Ag"ri*mo*ny (#), n. [OE.
agremoyne, OF. aigremoine, L.
agrimonia for argemonia, fr. Gr.
/.] (Bot.) (a) A genus of plants
of the Rose family. (b) The name is also
given to various other plants; as, hemp agrimony
(Eupatorium cannabinum); water agrimony
(Bidens).
Agrimonia eupatoria, or common
agrimony, a perennial herb with a spike of yellow flowers, was
once esteemed as a medical remedy, but is now seldom used.
<-- p. 34 -->
A*grin" (#), adv. & a. [Pref.
a- + grin.] In the act of
grinning. \'bdHis visage all agrin.\'b8
Tennyson.
Ag`ri*ol"o*gist (#), n. One
versed or engaged in agriology.
Ag`ri*ol"o*gy (#), n. [Gr. /
wild, savage + -logy.] Description or
comparative study of the customs of savage or uncivilized
tribes.
A*grise" (#), v. i. [AS.
\'begr\'c6san to dread; \'be- (cf. Goth.
us-, Ger. er-, orig. meaning
out) + gr\'c6san, for gr/san
(only in comp.), akin to OHG. gr/is/n, G.
grausen, to shudder. See Grisly.]
To shudder with terror; to tremble with fear.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
A*grise", v. t. 1. To shudder
at; to abhor; to dread; to loathe. [Obs.]
Wyclif.
2. To terrify; to affright.
[Obs.]
His manly face that did his foes agrise.
Spenser.
\'d8A"grom (#), n. [Native
name.] (Med.) A disease occurring in Bengal
and other parts of the East Indies, in which the tongue chaps and
cleaves.
{ Ag`ro*nom"ic (#),
Ag`ro*nom"ic*al (#), } [Cf. F.
agronomique.] Pertaining to agronomy, of
the management of farms.
Ag`ro*nom"ics (#), n. The
science of the distribution and management of land.
A*gron"o*mist (#), n. One
versed in agronomy; a student of agronomy.
A*gron"o*my (#), n. [Gr. /
rural; as a noun, an overseer of the public lands; / field +
/ usage, / to deal out, manage: cf. F.
agronomie.] The management of land; rural
economy; agriculture.
A*grope" (#), adv. & a. [Pref.
a- + grope.] In the act of
groping.
Mrs. Browning.
\'d8A*gros"tis (#), n. [L., fr.
Gr. /.] A genus of grasses, including species called
in common language bent grass. Some of them, as redtop
(Agrostis vulgaris), are valuable pasture
grasses.
{ A*gros`to*graph"ic (#),
A*gros`to*graph"ic*al (#), }
a. [Cf. F. agrostographique.]
Pertaining to agrostography.
Ag`ros*tog"ra*phy (#), n. [Gr.
/ + -graphy.] A description of the
grasses.
{ A*gros`to*log"ic (#),
A*gros`to*log"ic*al (#), } a.
Pertaining to agrostology.
Ag`ros*tol"o*gist (#), n. One
skilled in agrostology.
Ag`ros*tol"ogy (#), n. [Gr. /
+ -logy.] That part of botany which treats
of the grasses.
A*ground" (#), adv. & a. [Pref.
a- + ground.] On the ground;
stranded; -- a nautical term applied to a ship when its bottom
lodges on the ground.
Totten.
A*group"ment (#), n. See
Aggroupment.
Ag`ryp*not"ic (#), n. [Gr. /
sleepless; / to chase, search for + / sleep: cf. F.
agrypnotique.] Anything which prevents
sleep, or produces wakefulness, as strong tea or coffee.
\'d8A`guar*di*en"te (#), n.
[Sp., contr. of agua ardiente burning water (L.
aqua water + ardens burning).]
1. A inferior brandy of Spain and Portugal.
2. A strong alcoholic drink, especially
pulque. [Mexico and Spanish America.]
A"gue (#), n. [OE.
agu, ague, OF. agu, F.
aigu, sharp, OF. fem. ague, LL. (febris)
acuta, a sharp, acute fever, fr. L. acutus
sharp. See Acute.] 1. An acute
fever. [Obs.] \'bdBrenning
agues.\'b8
P. Plowman.
2. (Med.) An intermittent fever,
attended by alternate cold and hot fits.
3. The cold fit or rigor of the intermittent fever;
as, fever and ague.
4. A chill, or state of shaking, as with
cold.
Dryden.
Ague cake, an enlargement of the spleen
produced by ague. -- Ague drop, a solution of
the arsenite of potassa used for ague. -- Ague
fit, a fit of the ague. Shak. --
Ague spell, a spell or charm against ague.
Gay. -- Ague tree, the sassafras,
-- sometimes so called from the use of its root formerly, in
cases of ague. [Obs.]
A"gue, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Agued (#).] To strike
with an ague, or with a cold fit.
Heywood.
A*guilt" (#), v. t. To be
guilty of; to offend; to sin against; to wrong.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
A*guise" (#), n. Dress.
[Obs.]
Dr. H. More.
A*guise", v. t. [Pref a- +
guise.] To dress; to attire; to
adorn. [Obs.]
Above all knights ye goodly seem aguised.
Spenser.
A"gu*ish (#), a. 1.
Having the qualities of an ague; somewhat cold or shivering;
chilly; shaky.
Her aguish love now glows and burns.
Granville.
2. Productive of, or affected by, ague; as, the
aguish districts of England.
T. Arnold.
A"gu*ish*ness, n.
A*gush" (#), adv. & a. [Pref.
a- + gush.] In a gushing
state.
Hawthorne.
Ag"y*nous (#), a. [Gr. /
priv. + / woman.] (Bot.) Without female
organs; male.
Ah (#), interj. [OE.
a: cf. OF. a, F. ah, L.
ah, Gr. /, Sk. \'be, Icel. \'91, OHG.
\'be, Lith. \'a0,
\'a0\'a0.] An exclamation, expressive of
surprise, pity, complaint, entreaty, contempt, threatening,
delight, triumph, etc., according to the manner of
utterance.
A*ha" (#), interj.
[Ah, interj. + ha.] An
exclamation expressing, by different intonations, triumph, mixed
with derision or irony, or simple surprise.
A*ha", n. A sunk fence. See
Ha-ha.
Mason.
A*head" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- + head.] 1. In or to
the front; in advance; onward.
The island bore but a little ahead of us.
Fielding.
2. Headlong; without restraint.
[Obs.]
L'Estrange.
To go ahead. (a) To go in
advance. (b) To go on onward. (c)
To push on in an enterprise. [Colloq] --
To get ahead of. (a) To get in advance
of. (b) To surpass; to get the better of.
[Colloq.]
A*heap" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- + heap.] In a heap; huddled
together.
Hood.
A*height" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- + height.] Aloft; on
high. [Obs.] \'bdLook up
aheight.\'b8
Shak.
A*hem" (#), interj. An
exclamation to call one's attention; hem.
A*hey" (#), interj. Hey;
ho.
A*high" (#), adv. On
high. [Obs.]
Shak.
A*hold" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- + hold.] Near the wind;
as, to lay a ship ahold.
[Obs.]
Shak.
A*horse"back (#), adv. On
horseback.
Two suspicious fellows ahorseback.
Smollet.
A*hoy" (#), interj. [OE. a,
interj. + hoy.] (Naut.) A term
used in hailing; as, \'bdShip ahoy.\'b8
\'d8Ah"ri*man (#), n.
[Per.] The Evil Principle or Being of the ancient
Persians; the Prince of Darkness as opposer to Ormuzd,
the King of Light.
\'d8A"hu (#), n. [Native
name.] (Zo\'94l.) The Asiatic
gazelle.
A*hull" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- + hull.] (Naut.)
With the sails furled, and the helm lashed alee; -- applied
to ships in a storm. See Hull, n.
A*hun"gered (#), a. [Pref.
a- + hungered.] Pinched with
hunger; very hungry.
C. Bront\'82.
A"i (#), n.; pl. Ais
(#). [Braz. a\'8b,
ha\'8b, from the animal's cry: cf. F.
a\'8b.] (Zo\'94l.) The
three-toed sloth (Bradypus tridactylus) of South
America. See Sloth.
\'d8Ai"blins, A"blins (#),
adv. [See Able.] Perhaps;
possibly. [Scotch]
Burns.
Aich's met"al (#). A kind of gun metal,
containing copper, zinc, and iron, but no tin.
Aid (#), v. t. [imp.
& p. p. Aided (#); p. pr. & vb.
n. Aiding.] [F. aider,
OF. aidier, fr. L. adjutare to help, freq.
of adjuvare to help; ad + juvare to help.
Cf. Adjutant.] To support, either by
furnishing strength or means in co\'94peration to effect a
purpose, or to prevent or to remove evil; to help; to
assist.
You speedy helpers . . .
Appear and aid me in this enterprise.
Shak.
Syn. -- To help; assist; support; sustain; succor; relieve;
befriend; co\'94perate; promote. See Help.
Aid, n. [F. aide, OF.
a\'8bde, a\'8be, fr. the verb. See
Aid, v. t.] 1. Help;
succor; assistance; relief.
An unconstitutional mode of obtaining aid.
Hallam.
2. The person or thing that promotes or helps in
something done; a helper; an assistant.
It is not good that man should be alone; let us make unto him
an aid like unto himself.
Tobit viii. 6.
3. (Eng. Hist.) A subsidy granted to the
king by Parliament; also, an exchequer loan.
4. (Feudal Law) A pecuniary tribute paid
by a vassal to his lord on special occasions.
Blackstone.
5. An aid-de-camp, so called by abbreviation;
as, a general's aid.
Aid prayer (Law), a proceeding by
which a defendant beseeches and claims assistance from some one
who has a further or more permanent interest in the matter in
suit. -- To pray in aid, to beseech and claim
such assistance.
Aid"ance (#), n. [Cf. OF.
aidance.] Aid. [R.]
Aidance 'gainst the enemy.
Shak.
Aid"ant (#), a. [Cf. F.
aidant, p. pr. of aider to help.]
Helping; helpful; supplying aid.
Shak.
Aid"-de-camp` (#), n.; pl.
Aids-de-camp. (#). [F. aide
de camp (literally) camp assistant.]
(Mil.) An officer selected by a general to carry
orders, also to assist or represent him in correspondence and in
directing movements.
Aid"er (#), n. One who, or that
which, aids.
Aid"ful (#), a. Helpful.
[Archaic.]
Bp. Hall.
Aid"less, a. Helpless; without
aid.
Milton.
Aid"-ma`jor (#), n. The
adjutant of a regiment.
Ai"el (#), n. See
Ayle. [Obs.]
Aig"let (#), n. Same as
Aglet.
Ai"gre (#), a. [F. See
Eager.] Sour. [Obs.]
Shak.
\'d8Ai"gre*more (#), n. [F.
origin unknown.] Charcoal prepared for making
powder.
{ Ai"gret (#), Ai*grette
(#), } n. [F., a sort of white
heron, with a tuft of feathers on its head; a tuft of feathers;
dim. of the same word as heron. See Heron,
and cf. Egret, Egrette.] 1.
(Zo\'94l.) The small white European heron. See
Egret.
2. A plume or tuft for the head composed of
feathers, or of gems, etc.
Prescott.
3. A tuft like that of the egret.
(Bot.) A feathery crown of seed; egret; as,
the aigrette or down of the dandelion or the
thistle.
\'d8Ai`guille" (#), n. [F., a
needle. See Aglet.] 1. A
needle-shaped peak.
2. An instrument for boring holes, used in
blasting.
Ai`guil*lette" (#), n. [F. See
Aglet.] 1. A point or tag at the end
of a fringe or lace; an aglet.
2. One of the ornamental tags, cords, or loops on
some military and naval uniforms.
Ai"gu*let (#), n. See
Aglet.
Spenser.
Ail (#), v. t. [imp.
& p. p. Ailed (#); p. pr. & vb.
n. Ailing.] [OE.
eilen, ailen, AS. eglan to
trouble, pain; akin to Goth. us-agljan to distress,
agls troublesome, irksome, aglo,
aglitha, pain, and prob. to E. awe.
/.] To affect with pain or uneasiness, either
physical or mental; to trouble; to be the matter with; -- used to
express some uneasiness or affection, whose cause is unknown;
as, what ails the man? I know not what ails
him.
What aileth thee, Hagar?
Gen. xxi. 17.
ails him; but, something
ails him.
Ail, v. i. To be affected with pain or
uneasiness of any sort; to be ill or indisposed or in
trouble.
When he ails ever so little . . . he is so
peevish.
Richardson.
Ail, n. Indisposition or morbid
affection.
Pope.
Ai*lan"thus (#), n. Same as
Ailantus.
Ai*lan"tus (#), n. [From
aylanto, i. e., tree of heaven, the name of the tree
in the Moluccas.] (Bot.) A genus of
beautiful trees, natives of the East Indies. The tree imperfectly
di/cious, and the staminate or male plant is very offensive
when blossom.
Ai*lette (#), n. [F.
ailette, dim. of aile wing, L.
ala.] A small square shield, formerly worn
on the shoulders of knights, -- being the prototype of the modern
epaulet.
Fairholt.
Ail"ment (#), n. Indisposition;
morbid affection of the body; -- not applied ordinarily to acute
diseases. \'bdLittle ailments.\'b8
Landsdowne.
\'d8Ai`lu*roid"e*a (#), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / cat + -oid.]
(Zo\'94l.) A group of the Carnivora, which
includes the cats, civets, and hyenas.
Aim (#), v. i. [imp.
& p. p. Aimed (#); p. pr. & vb.
n. Aiming.] [OE. amen,
aimen, eimen, to guess at, to estimate, to
aim, OF. esmer, asmer, fr. L.
aestimare to estimate; or perh. fr. OF.
aesmer; / (L. ad) + esmer. See
Estimate.] 1. To point or direct a
missile weapon, or a weapon which propels as missile, towards an
object or spot with the intent of hitting it; as, to
aim at a fox, or at a target.
2. To direct the indention or purpose; to attempt
the accomplishment of a purpose; to try to gain; to endeavor; --
followed by at, or by an infinitive; as, to
aim at distinction; to aim to do
well.
Aim'st thou at princes?
Pope.
3. To guess or conjecture.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Aim, v. t. To direct or point, as a
weapon, at a particular object; to direct, as a missile, an act,
or a proceeding, at, to, or against an object; as, to
aim a musket or an arrow, the fist or a blow
(at something); to aim a satire or a reflection
(at some person or vice).
Aim, n. [Cf. OF. esme
estimation, fr. esmer. See Aim, v.
i.] 1. The pointing of a weapon, as a
gun, a dart, or an arrow, in the line of direction with the
object intended to be struck; the line of fire; the direction of
anything, as a spear, a blow, a discourse, a remark, towards a
particular point or object, with a view to strike or affect
it.
Each at the head leveled his deadly aim.
Milton.
2. The point intended to be hit, or object intended
to be attained or affected.
To be the aim of every dangerous shot.
Shak.
3. Intention; purpose; design; scheme.
How oft ambitious aims are crossed!
Pope.
4. Conjecture; guess. [Obs.]
What you would work me to, I have some aim.
Shak.
To cry aim (Archery), to
encourage. [Obs.]
Shak.
Syn. -- End; object; scope; drift; design; purpose;
intention; scheme; tendency; aspiration.
Aim"er (#), n. One who aims,
directs, or points.
Aim"less, a. Without aim or purpose;
as, an aimless life. --
Aim"less*ly, adv. --
Aim"less*ness, n.
Ai"no (#), n. [Said to be the
native name for man.] One of a peculiar race
inhabiting Yesso, the Kooril Islands etc., in the northern part
of the empire of Japan, by some supposed to have been the
progenitors of the Japanese. The Ainos are stout and short, with
hairy bodies.
Ain't (#). A contraction for are
not and am not; also used for is not.
[Colloq. or llliterate speech]. See
An't.
Air (#), n. [OE.
air, eir, F. air, L.
a\'89r, fr. Gr. /, air, mist, for /, fr. root /
to blow, breathe, probably akin to E. wind. In sense
10 the French has taking a meaning fr. It. aria
atmosphere, air, fr. the same Latin word; and in senses 11, 12,
13 the French meaning is either fr. L. aria, or due to
confusion with F. aire, in an older sense of origin,
descent. Cf. A/ry, Debonair,
Malaria, Wind.] 1. The
fluid which we breathe, and which surrounds the earth; the
atmosphere. It is invisible, inodorous, insipid, transparent,
compressible, elastic, and ponderable.
air was
regarded as an element; but modern science has shown that it is
essentially a mixture of oxygen and nitrogen, with a small amount
of carbon dioxide, the average proportions being, by volume:
oxygen, 20.96 per cent.; nitrogen, 79.00 per cent.; carbon
dioxide, 0.04 per cent. These proportions are subject to a very
slight variability. Air also always contains some vapor of
water.
2. Symbolically: Something unsubstantial, light, or
volatile. \'bdCharm ache with air.\'b8
Shak.
He was still all air and fire. Macaulay.
[Air and fire being the finer and quicker
elements as opposed to earth and
water.]
3. A particular state of the atmosphere, as
respects heat, cold, moisture, etc., or as affecting the
sensations; as, a smoky air, a damp air,
the morning air, etc.
4. Any a\'89riform body; a gas; as, oxygen was
formerly called vital air.
[Obs.]
5. Air in motion; a light breeze; a gentle
wind.
Let vernal airs through trembling osiers play.
Pope.
6. Odoriferous or contaminated air.
7. That which surrounds and influences.
The keen, the wholesome air of poverty.
Wordsworth.
8. Utterance abroad; publicity; vent.
You gave it air before me.
Dryden.
9. Intelligence; information.
[Obs.]
Bacon.
10. (Mus.) (a) A musical idea,
or motive, rhythmically developed in consecutive
single tones, so as to form a symmetrical and balanced whole,
which may be sung by a single voice to the stanzas of a hymn or
song, or even to plain prose, or played upon an instrument; a
melody; a tune; an aria. (b) In harmonized
chorals, psalmody, part songs, etc., the part which bears the
tune or melody -- in modern harmony usually the upper part -- is
sometimes called the air.
11. The peculiar look, appearance, and bearing of a
person; mien; demeanor; as, the air of a youth; a
heavy air; a lofty air. \'bdHis
very air.\'b8
Shak.
12. Peculiar appearance; apparent character;
semblance; manner; style.
It was communicated with the air of a secret.
Pope.
12. pl. An artificial or affected
manner; show of pride or vanity; haughtiness; as, it is said
of a person, he puts on airs.
Thackeray.
<-- p. 35 -->
14. (Paint.) (a) The
representation or reproduction of the effect of the atmospheric
medium through which every object in nature is viewed.
New Am. Cyc. (b) Carriage; attitude;
action; movement; as, the head of that portrait has a good
air.
Fairholt.
15. (Man.) The artificial motion or
carriage of a horse.
Air is much used adjectively or as the
first part of a compound term. In most cases it might be written
indifferently, as a separate limiting word, or as the first
element of the compound term, with or without the hyphen; as,
air bladder, air-bladder, or
airbladder; air cell, air-cell,
or aircell; air-pump, or
airpump.
Air balloon. See Balloon. --
Air bath. (a) An apparatus for the
application of air to the body. (b) An arrangement for
drying substances in air of any desired temperature. --
Air castle. See Castle in the air, under
Castle. -- Air compressor, a machine
for compressing air to be used as a motive power. --
Air crossing, a passage for air in a mine. --
Air cushion, an air-tight cushion which can be
inflated; also, a device for arresting motion without shock by
confined air. -- Air fountain, a contrivance
for producing a jet of water by the force of compressed air.
-- Air furnace, a furnace which depends on a
natural draft and not on blast. -- Air line,
a straight line; a bee line. Hence Air-line,
adj.; as, air-line road. --
Air lock (Hydr. Engin.), an
intermediate chamber between the outer air and the compressed-air
chamber of a pneumatic caisson. Knight. --
Air port (Nav.), a scuttle or porthole
in a ship to admit air. -- Air spring, a
spring in which the elasticity of air is utilized. --
Air thermometer, a form of thermometer in which
the contraction and expansion of air is made to measure changes
of temperature. -- Air threads,
gossamer. -- Air trap, a contrivance for
shutting off foul air or gas from drains, sewers, etc.; a stench
trap. -- Air trunk, a pipe or shaft for
conducting foul or heated air from a room. -- Air
valve, a valve to regulate the admission or egress of
air; esp. a valve which opens inwardly in a steam boiler and
allows air to enter. -- Air way, a passage
for a current of air; as the air way of an air pump;
an air way in a mine. -- In the air.
(a) Prevalent without traceable origin or authority,
as rumors. (b) Not in a fixed or stable
position; unsettled. (c) (Mil.)
Unsupported and liable to be turned or taken in flank; as,
the army had its wing in the air. -- To take
air, to be divulged; to be made public. -- To
take the air, to go abroad; to walk or ride
out.
Air (#), v. t. [imp.
& p. p. Aired (#); p. pr. & vb.
n. Airing.] [See Air,
n., and cf. A/rate.] 1.
To expose to the air for the purpose of cooling, refreshing,
or purifying; to ventilate; as, to air a
room.
It were good wisdom . . . that the jail were
aired.
Bacon.
Were you but riding forth to air yourself.
Shak.
2. To expose for the sake of public notice; to
display ostentatiously; as, to air one's
opinion.
Airing a snowy hand and signet gem.
Tennyson.
3. To expose to heat, for the purpose of expelling
dampness, or of warming; as, to air linen; to
air liquors.
Air" bed` (#). A sack or matters inflated
with air, and used as a bed.
Air" blad`der (#). 1.
(Anat.) An air sac, sometimes double or variously
lobed, in the visceral cavity of many fishes. It originates in
the same way as the lungs of air-breathing vertebrates, and in
the adult may retain a tubular connection with the pharynx or
esophagus.
2. A sac or bladder full of air in an animal or
plant; also an air hole in a casting.
Air" brake` (#). (Mach.) A
railway brake operated by condensed air.
Knight.
Air"-built` (#), a. Erected in
the air; having no solid foundation; chimerical; as, an
air-built castle.
Air" cell` (#). 1. (Bot.)
A cavity in the cellular tissue of plants, containing air
only.
2. (Anat.) A receptacle of air in
various parts of the system; as, a cell or minute cavity in the
walls of the air tubes of the lungs; the air sac of birds; a
dilatation of the air vessels in insects.
Air" cham`ber (#). 1. A chamber
or cavity filled with air, in an animal or plant.
2. A cavity containing air to act as a spring for
equalizing the flow of a liquid in a pump or other hydraulic
machine.
Air" cock` (#). A faucet to allow escape
of air.
Air"-drawn" (#), a. Drawn in
air; imaginary.
This is the air-drawn dagger.
Shak.
Air" drill` (#). A drill driven by the
elastic pressure of condensed air; a pneumatic drill.
Knight.
Air" engine` (#). An engine driven by
heated or by compressed air.
Knight.
Air"er (#), n. 1. One
who exposes to the air.
2. A frame on which clothes are aired or
dried.
Air" gas` (#). See under
Gas.
Air" gun` (#). A kind of gun in which the
elastic force of condensed air is used to discharge the ball. The
air is powerfully compressed into a reservoir attached to the
gun, by a condensing pump, and is controlled by a valve actuated
by the trigger.
<-- airhead -->
Air" hole` (#). 1. A hole to
admit or discharge air; specifically, a spot in the ice not
frozen over.
2. (Founding) A fault in a casting,
produced by a bubble of air; a blowhole.
Air"i*ly (#), adv. In an airy
manner; lightly; gaily; jauntily; fippantly.
Air"i*ness, n. 1. The state or
quality of being airy; openness or exposure to the air; as,
the airiness of a country seat.
2. Lightness of spirits; gayety; levity; as,
the airiness of young persons.
Air"ing (#), n. 1. A
walk or a ride in the open air; a short excursion for health's
sake.
2. An exposure to air, or to a fire, for warming,
drying, etc.; as, the airing of linen, or of a
room.
Air" jack`et (#). A jacket having
air-tight cells, or cavities which can be filled with air, to
render persons buoyant in swimming.
Air"less (#), a. Not open to a
free current of air; wanting fresh air, or communication with the
open air.
Air" lev`el (#). Spirit level. See
Level.
Air"like` (#), a. Resembling
air.
Air"ling (#), n. A thoughtless,
gay person. [Obs.] \'bdSlight
airlings.\'b8
B. Jonson.
Air*om"e*ter (#), n.
[Air + -meter.] A hollow
cylinder to contain air. It is closed above and open below, and
has its open end plunged into water.
Air" pipe` (#). A pipe for the passage of
air; esp. a ventilating pipe.
Air" plant` (#). (Bot.) A
plant deriving its sustenance from the air alone; an
a\'89rophyte.
(Tillandsia),
many tropical orchids, and most mosses and lichens are air
plants. Those which are lodged upon trees, but not parasitic on
them, are epiphytes.
Air" poise` (#). [See
Poise.] A/ / measure the weight of
air.
Air" pump` (#). 1.
(Physics) A kind of pump for exhausting air from
a vessel or closed space; also, a pump to condense air of force
in into a closed space.
2. (Steam Engines) A pump used to
exhaust from a condenser the condensed steam, the water used for
condensing, and any commingled air.
Air" sac` (#). (Anat.) One of
the spaces in different parts. of the bodies of birds, which are
filled with air and connected with the air passages of the lungs;
an air cell.
Air" shaft` (#). A passage, usually
vertical, for admitting fresh air into a mine or a tunnel.
Air"-slacked` (#), a. Slacked,
or pulverized, by exposure to the air; as,
air-slacked lime.
Air" stove` (#). A stove for heating a
current of air which is directed against its surface by means of
pipes, and then distributed through a building.
Air"-tight` (#), a. So tight as
to be impermeable to air; as, an air-tight
cylinder.
Air"-tight`, n. A stove the draft of
which can be almost entirely shut off. [Colloq. U.
S.]
Air" ves`sel (#). A vessel, cell, duct,
or tube containing or conducting air; as the air
vessels of insects, birds, plants, etc.; the air
vessel of a pump, engine, etc. For the latter, see Air
chamber. The air vessels of insects are called
trache\'91, of plants spiral vessels.
{ Air"ward (#), Air"wards
(#), } adv. Toward the air;
upward. [R.]
Keats.
Air"y (#), a. 1.
Consisting of air; as, an airy substance; the
airy parts of bodies.
2. Relating or belonging to air; high in air;
a\'89rial; as, an airy flight. \'bdThe
airy region.\'b8
Milton.
3. Open to a free current of air; exposed to the
air; breezy; as, an airy situation.
4. Resembling air; thin; unsubstantial; not
material; airlike. \'bdAn airy spirit.\'b8
Shak.
5. Relating to the spirit or soul; delicate;
graceful; as, airy music.
6. Without reality; having no solid foundation;
empty; trifling; visionary. \'bdAiry fame.\'b8
Shak.
Empty sound, and airy notions.
Roscommon.
7. Light of heart; vivacious; sprightly; flippant;
superficial. \'bdMerry and airy.\'b8
Jer. Taylor.
8. Having an affected manner; being in the habit of
putting on airs; affectedly grand. [Colloq.]
9. (Paint.) Having the light and
a\'89rial tints true to nature.
Elmes.
Aisle (#), n. [OF.
ele, F. aile, wing, wing of a building, L.
ala, contr. fr. axilla.]
(Arch.) (a) A lateral division of a
building, separated from the middle part, called the nave, by a
row of columns or piers, which support the roof or an upper wall
containing windows, called the clearstory wall.
(b) Improperly used also for the have; -- as in the
phrases, a church with three aisles, the middle
aisle. (c) Also (perhaps from
confusion with alley), a passage into which the pews
of a church open.
Aisled (#), a. Furnished with
an aisle or aisles.
Ais"less (#), a. Without an
aisle.
Ait (#), n. [AS. /, /,
perh. dim. of \'c6eg, \'c6g, island. See
Eyot.] An islet, or little isle, in a river
or lake; an eyot.
The ait where the osiers grew.
R. Hodges (1649).
Among green aits and meadows.
Dickens.
Ait (#), n. Oat.
[Scot.]
Burns.
Aitch (#), n. The letter
h or H.
Aitch"bone` (#), n. [For
nachebone. For loss of n, cf.
Adder. See Natch.] The bone of the
rump; also, the cut of beef surrounding this bone.
[Spelt also edgebone.]
Ai`ti*ol"o*gy (#), n. See
\'92tiology.
A*jar" (#), adv. [OE. on
char ajar, on the turn; AS. cerr,
cyrr, turn, akin to G. kehren to turn, and
to D. akerre. See Char.] Slightly
turned or opened; as, the door was standing
ajar.
A*jar" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- + jar.] In a state of
discord; out of harmony; as, he is ajar with the
world.
A*jog" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- + jog.] On the jog.
Aj"u*tage (#), n. [F.
ajutage, for ajoutage, fr.
ajouter to add, LL. adjuxtare, fr. L.
ad + juxta near to, nigh. Cf. Adjutage,
Adjustage, Adjust.] A tube through
which is water is discharged; an efflux tube; as, the
ajutage of a fountain.
Ake (#), n. & v. See
Ache.
A*kene" (#), n. (Bot.)
Same as Achene.
Ak"e*ton (#), n. [Obs.]
See Acton.
A*kim"bo (#), a. [Etymology
unknown. Cf. Kimbo.] With a crook or bend;
with the hand on the hip and elbow turned outward. \'bdWith
one arm akimbo.\'b8
Irving.
A*kin" (#), a. [Pref.
a- (for of) + kin.]
1. Of the same kin; related by blood; -- used of
persons; as, the two families are near
akin.
2. Allied by nature; partaking of the same
properties; of the same kind. \'bdA joy akin to
rapture.\'b8
Cowper.
The literary character of the work is akin to its
moral character.
Jeffrey.
\'d8Ak`i*ne"si*a (#), n. [Gr.
/ quiescence; / priv. + / motion.] (Med.)
Paralysis of the motor nerves; loss of movement.
Foster.
Ak`i*ne"sic (#), a.
(med.) Pertaining to akinesia.
A*knee" (#), adv. On the
knee. [R.]
Southey.
Ak*now" (#). Earlier form of
Acknow. [Obs.]
To be aknow, to acknowledge; to confess.
[Obs.]
Al (#), a. All.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Al-. A prefix. (a) [AS.
eal.] All; wholly; completely; as,
almighty,almost. (b)
[L. ad.] To; at; on; -- in OF.
shortened to a-. See Ad-. (c)
The Arabic definite article answering to the English
the; as, Alkoran, the Koran or
the Book; alchemy, the
chemistry.
Al. conj. Although; if.
[Obs.] See All, conj.
\'d8A"la (#), n.; pl.
Al\'91 (#). [L., a wing.]
(Biol.) A winglike organ, or part.
Al`a*ba"ma pe"ri*od (#). (Geol.)
A period in the American eocene, the lowest in the tertiary
age except the lignitic.
Al"a*bas"ter (#), n. [L.
alabaster, Gr. /, said to be derived fr.
Alabastron, the name of a town in Egypt, near which it
was common: cf. OF. alabastre, F.
alb\'83tre.] 1. (Min.)
(a) A compact variety or sulphate of lime, or
gypsum, of fine texture, and usually white and translucent, but
sometimes yellow, red, or gray. It is carved into vases, mantel
ornaments, etc. (b) A hard, compact variety
of carbonate of lime, somewhat translucent, or of banded shades
of color; stalagmite. The name is used in this sense by Pliny. It
is sometimes distinguished as oriental
alabaster.
2. A box or vessel for holding odoriferous
ointments, etc.; -- so called from the stone of which it was
originally made.
Fosbroke.
Al`a*bas"tri*an (#), a.
Alabastrine.
Al`a*bas"trine (#), a. Of,
pertaining to, or like, alabaster; as alabastrine
limbs.
\'d8Al`a*bas"trum (#), n.; pl.
Alabastra (#). [NL.]
(Bot.) A flower bud.
Gray.
A*lack" (#), interj. [Prob.
from ah! lack! OE. lak loss, failure,
misfortune. See Lack.] An exclamation
expressive of sorrow. [Archaic. or Poet.]
Shak.
A*lack"a*day` (#), interj. [For
alack the day. Cf. Lackaday.] An
exclamation expressing sorrow.
alack the day\'b8 and
\'bdalack the heavy day.\'b8 Compare \'bdwoe worth the
day.\'b8
A*lac"ri*fy (#), v. t. [L.
alacer, alacris, lively +
-fly.] To rouse to action; to
inspirit.
A*lac"ri*ous (#), a. [L.
alacer, alacris.] Brisk;
joyously active; lively.
'T were well if we were a little more
alacrious.
Hammond.
A*lac"ri*ous*ly, adv. With alacrity;
briskly.
A*lac"ri*ous*ness, n. Alacrity.
[Obs.]
Hammond.
A*lac"ri*ty (#), n. [L.
alacritas, fr. alacer lively, eager, prob.
akin to Gr. / to drive, Goth. aljan zeal.]
A cheerful readiness, willingness, or promptitude; joyous
activity; briskness; sprightliness; as, the soldiers advanced
with alacrity to meet the enemy.
I have not that alacrity of spirit,
Nor cheer of mind that I was wont to have.
Shak.
A*lad"in*ist (#), n. [From
Aladin, for Ala Eddin, i. e.,
height of religion, a learned divine under Mohammed II. and
Bajazet II.] One of a sect of freethinkers among the
Mohammedans.
Al`a*lon"ga (#), or
Al`i*lon"ghi (#), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The tunny. See
Albicore.
\'d8A`la*mi"re (#), n.
[Compounded of a la mi re, names of notes in the
musical scale.] The lowest note but one in Guido
Aretino's scale of music.
Al`a*mo*dal"i*ty (#), n. The
quality of being \'85 la mode; conformity to the mode
or fashion; fashionableness. [R.]
Southey.
Al"a*mode` (#), adv. & a. [F.
\'85 la mode after the fashion.] According
to the fashion or prevailing mode. \'bdAlamode
beef shops.\'b8
Macaulay.
Al"a*mode`, n. A thin, black silk for
hoods, scarfs, etc.; -- often called simply
mode.
Buchanan.
Al`a*mort" (#), a. [F.
\'85 la mort to the death. Cf. Amort.]
To the death; mortally.
A*lan" (#), n. [OF.
alan, alant; cf. Sp.
alano.] A wolfhound.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
A*land" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- + land.] On land; to the
land; ashore. \'bdCast aland.\'b8
Sir P. Sidney.
Al"a*nine (#), n.
[Aldehyde + the ending -ine. The
-n- is a euphonic insertion.] (Chem.)
A white crystalline base, C3H7NO2, derived
from aldehyde ammonia.<-- one of the amino acids found in
the protein of most living tissues -->
A*lan"tin (#), n. [G.
alant elecampane, the Inula helenium of
Linn\'91us.] (Chem.) See
Inulin.
A"lar (#), a. [L.
alarius, fr. ala wing: cf. F.
alaire.] 1. Pertaining to, or
having, wings.
2. (Bot.) Axillary; in the fork or
axil.
Gray.
<-- p. 36 -->
A*larm" (#), n. [F.
alarme, It. all' arme to arms ! fr. L.
arma, pl., arms. See Arms, and cf.
Alarum.] 1. A summons to arms, as on
the approach of an enemy.
Arming to answer in a night alarm.
Shak.
2. Any sound or information intended to give notice
of approaching danger; a warming sound to arouse attention; a
warning of danger.
Sound an alarm in my holy mountain.
Joel ii. 1.
3. A sudden attack; disturbance; broil.
[R.] \'bdThese home alarms.\'b8
Shak.
Thy palace fill with insults and alarms.
Pope.
4. Sudden surprise with fear or terror excited by
apprehension of danger; in the military use, commonly, sudden
apprehension of being attacked by surprise.
Alarm and resentment spread throughout the
camp.
Macaulay.
5. A mechanical contrivance for awaking persons
from sleep, or rousing their attention; an alarum.
Alarm bell, a bell that gives notice on
danger. -- Alarm clock or
watch, a clock or watch which can be so set
as to ring or strike loudly at a prearranged hour, to wake from
sleep, or excite attention. -- Alarm gauge, a
contrivance attached to a steam boiler for showing when the
pressure of steam is too high, or the water in the boiler too
low. -- Alarm post, a place to which troops
are to repair in case of an alarm.
Syn. -- Fright; affright; terror; trepidation; apprehension;
consternation; dismay; agitation; disquiet; disquietude.
-- Alarm, Fright, Terror,
Consternation. These words express different degrees of
fear at the approach of danger. Fright is fear
suddenly excited, producing confusion of the senses, and hence it
is unreflecting. Alarm is the hurried agitation of
feeling which springs from a sense of immediate and extreme
exposure. Terror is agitating and excessive fear,
which usually benumbs the faculties. Consternation is
overwhelming fear, and carries a notion of powerlessness and
amazement. Alarm agitates the feelings;
terror disorders the understanding and affects the
will; fright seizes on and confuses the sense;
consternation takes possession of the soul, and
subdues its faculties. See Apprehension.
A*larm", v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Alarmed (#); p. pr. & vb.
n. Alarming.] [Alarm,
n. Cf. F. alarmer.] 1. To call to
arms for defense; to give notice to (any one) of approaching
danger; to rouse to vigilance and action; to put on the
alert.
2. To keep in excitement; to disturb.
3. To surprise with apprehension of danger; to fill
with anxiety in regard to threatening evil; to excite with sudden
fear.
Alarmed by rumors of military preparation.
Macaulay.
A*larm"a*ble (#), a. Easily
alarmed or disturbed.
A*larmed" (#), a. Aroused to
vigilance; excited by fear of approaching danger; agitated;
disturbed; as, an alarmed neighborhood; an
alarmed modesty.
The white pavilions rose and fell
On the alarmed air.
Longfellow.
A*larm"ed*ly (#), adv. In an
alarmed manner.
A*larm"ing, a. Exciting, or calculated
to excite, alarm; causing apprehension of danger; as, an
alarming crisis or report. -- A*larm"ing*ly,
adv.
A*larm"ist, n. [Cf. F.
alarmiste.] One prone to sound or excite
alarms, especially, needless alarms.
Macaulay.
A*lar"um (?; 277), n. [OE.
alarom, the same word as alarm, n.]
See Alarm. [Now Poetic]
alarum is now commonly
restricted to an alarm signal or the mechanism to sound an alarm
(as in an alarm clock.)
Al"a*ry (#), a. [L.
alarius, fr. ala wing.] Of or
pertaining to wings; also, wing-shaped.
The alary system of insects.
Wollaston.
A*las" (#), interj. [OE.
alas, allas, OF. alas, F.
h\'82las; a interj. (L. ah.) +
las wretched (that I am), L. lassus weary,
akin to E. late. See Late.] An
exclamation expressive of sorrow, pity, or apprehension of evil;
-- in old writers, sometimes followed by day or
white; alas the day, like alack a
day, or alas the white.
A*late" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- + late.] Lately; of
late. [Archaic]
There hath been alate such tales spread abroad.
Latimer.
{ A"late (#), A"la*ted
(#), } a. [L. alatus,
from ala wing.] Winged; having wings, or
side appendages like wings.
{ Al"a*tern (#), \'d8Al`a*ter"nus
(#), } n. [L. ala wing
+ terni three each.] (Bot.) An
ornamental evergreen shrub (Rhamnus alaternus)
belonging to the buckthorns.
A*la"tion (#), n. [F., fr. L.
alatus winged.] The state of being
winged.
A*launt" (#), n. See
Alan. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Alb (#), n. [OE.
albe, LL. alba, fr. L. albus
white. Cf. Album and Aube.] A
vestment of white linen, reaching to the feet, an enveloping the
person; -- in the Roman Catholic church, worn by those in holy
orders when officiating at mass. It was formerly worn, at least
by clerics, in daily life.
Al"ba*core (#), n.
(Zo\'94l.) See Albicore.
Al"ban (#), n. [L.
albus white.] (Chem.) A white
crystalline resinous substance extracted from gutta-percha by the
action of alcohol or ether.
Al*ba"ni*an (#), a. Of or
pertaining to Albania, a province of Turkey. --
n. A native of Albania.
\'d8Al*ba"ta (#), n. [L.
albatus, p. p. of albare to make white, fr.
albus white.] A white metallic alloy; which
is made into spoons, forks, teapots, etc. British plate or
German silver. See German silver, under
German.
Al"ba*tross (#), n. [Corrupt.
fr. Pg. alcatraz cormorant, albatross, or Sp.
alcatraz a pelican: cf. Pg. alcatruz, Sp.
arcaduz, a bucket, fr. Ar. al-q\'bedus the
bucket, fr. Gr. ka`dos, a water vessel. So an Arabic
term for pelican is water-carrier, as a
bird carrying water in its pouch.] (Zo\'94l.)
A web-footed bird, of the genus Diomedea, of
which there are several species. They are the largest of sea
birds, capable of long-continued flight, and are often seen at
great distances from the land. They are found chiefly in the
southern hemisphere.
{ Al`be", Al`bee" } (#),
conj. [See Albeit.] Although;
albeit. [Obs.]
Albe Clarissa were their chiefest founderess.
Spenser.
\'d8Al*be"do (#), n. [L., fr.
albus white.] Whiteness. Specifically:
(Astron.) The ratio which the light reflected from an
unpolished surface bears to the total light falling upon that
surface.
Al`be"it (#), conj. [OE.
al be although it be, where al is our
all. Cf. Although.] Even though;
although; notwithstanding.
Chaucer.
Albeit so masked, Madam, I love the truth.
Tennyson.
Al"bert*ite (#), n.
(Min.) A bituminous mineral resembling asphaltum,
found in the county of A. /bert, New Brunswick.
Al"ber*type (#), n. [From the
name of the inventor, Albert, of Munich.] A
picture printed from a kind of gelatine plate produced by means
of a photographic negative.
Al*bes"cence (#), n. The act of
becoming white; whitishness.
Al*bes"cent (#), a. [L.
albescens, p. pr. of albescere to grow
white, fr. albus white.] Becoming white or
whitish; moderately white.
Al"bi*cant (#), a. [L.
albicans, p. pr. of albicare,
albicatum, to be white, fr. albus
white.] Growing or becoming white.
Al`bi*ca"tion (#), n. The
process of becoming white, or developing white patches, or
streaks.
Al"bi*core (#), n. [F.
albicore (cf. Sp. albacora, Pg.
albacor, albacora, albecora),
fr. Ar. bakr, bekr, a young camel, young
cow, heifer, and the article al: cf. Pg.
bacoro a little pig.] (Zo\'94l.)
A name applied to several large fishes of the Mackerel
family, esp. Orcynus alalonga. One species
(Orcynus thynnus), common in the Mediterranean and
Atlantic, is called in New England the horse
mackerel; the tunny. [Written also
albacore.]
Al`bi*fi*ca"tion (#), n. [Cf.
F. albification: L. albus white +
ficare (only in comp.), facere, to
make.] The act or process of making white.
[Obs.]
{ Al`bi*gen"ses (#), \'d8
Al`bi`geois" (#), } n. pl.
[From Albi and Albigeois, a town and
its district in the south of France, in which the sect
abounded.] (Eccl. Hist.) A sect of
reformers opposed to the church of Rome in the 12th
centuries.
The Albigenses were a branch of the Catharists
(the pure). They were exterminated by crusades and the
Inquisition. They were distinct from the Waldenses.
Al`bi*gen"sian (#), a. Of or
pertaining to the Albigenses.
Al*bi"ness (#), n. A female
albino.
Holmes.
Al"bi*nism (#), n. The state or
condition of being an albino: abinoism; leucopathy.
Al`bi*nis"tic (#), a. Affected
with albinism.
Al*bi"no (?; 277), n.; pl.
Albinos (#). [Sp. or Pg.
albino, orig. whitish, fr. albo white, L.
albus.] A person, whether negro, Indian, or
white, in whom by some defect of organization the substance which
gives color to the skin, hair, and eyes is deficient or in a
morbid state. An albino has a skin of a milky hue, with hair of
the same color, and eyes with deep red pupil and pink or blue
iris. The term is also used of the lower animals, as white mice,
elephants, etc.; and of plants in a whitish condition from the
absence of chlorophyll.
Amer. Cyc.
Al*bi"no*ism (#), n. The state
or condition of being an albino; albinism.
Al`bi*not"ic (#), a. Affected
with albinism.
Al"bi*on (#), n. [Prob. from
the same root as Gael. alp a height or hill. \'bdIt
may have been bestowed on the land lying behind the white cliffs
visible from the coast of Gaul. Albany, the old name
of Scotland, means probably the \'bdhilly land.\'b8 I.
Taylor.] An ancient name of England, still
retained in poetry.
In that nook-shotten isle of Albion.
Shak.
Al"bite (#), n. [L.
albus white.] (Min.) A mineral
of the feldspar family, triclinic in crystallization, and in
composition a silicate of alumina and soda. It is a common
constituent of granite and of various igneous rocks. See
Feldspar.
Al"bo*lith (#), n. [L.
albus white + -lith.] A kind of
plastic cement, or artificial stone, consisting chiefly of
magnesia and silica; -- called also
albolite.
\'d8Al"bo*rak (?; 277), n. [Ar.
al-bur\'beq, fr. baraqa to
flash, shine.] The imaginary milk-white animal on
which Mohammed was said to have been carried up to heaven; a
white mule.
Al`bu*gin"e*ous (#), a. [See
Albugo.] Of the nature of, or resembling, the
white of the eye, or of an egg; albuminous; -- a term applied to
textures, humors, etc., which are perfectly white.
\'d8Al*bu"go (#), n.; pl.
Albugines (#). [L., whiteness, fr.
albus white.] (Med.) Same as
Leucoma.
Al"bum (#), n. [L., neut. of
albus white: cf. F. album. Cf.
Alb.] 1. (Rom. Antiq.) A
white tablet on which anything was inscribed, as a list of names,
etc.
2. A register for visitors' names; a visitors'
book.
3. A blank book, in which to insert autographs
sketches, memorial writing of friends, photographs, etc.
Al*bu"men (#), n. [L., fr.
albus white.] 1. The white of an
egg.
2. (Bot.) Nourishing matter stored up
within the integuments of the seed in many plants, but not
incorporated in the embryo. It is the floury part in corn, wheat,
and like grains, the oily part in poppy seeds, the fleshy part in
the cocoanut, etc.
3. (Chem.) Same as
Albumin.
Al*bu"men*ize (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Albumenized
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Albumenizing.] To cover or saturate
with albumen; to coat or treat with an albuminous solution;
as, to albuminize paper.
\'d8Al"bum Gr\'91"cum (#). [L., Greek
white.] Dung of dogs or hyenas, which becomes white by
exposure to air. It is used in dressing leather, and was formerly
used in medicine.
Al*bu"min (#), n. (Chem.)
A thick, viscous nitrogenous substance, which is the chief
and characteristic constituent of white of eggs and of the serum
of blood, and is found in other animal substances, both fluid and
solid, also in many plants. It is soluble in water is coagulated
by heat ad by certain chemical reagents.
Acid albumin, a modification of albumin
produced by the action of dilute acids. It is not coagulated by
heat. -- Alkali albumin, albumin as modified
by the action of alkaline substances; -- called also
albuminate.
Al*bu"mi*nate (#), n.
(Chem.) A substance produced by the action of an
alkali upon albumin, and resembling casein in its properties;
also, a compound formed by the union of albumin with another
substance.
Al*bu`mi*nif"er*ous (#), a. [L.
albumen + -ferous.] Supplying
albumen.
Al*bu`mi*nim"e*ter (#), n. [L.
albumen, albuminis + -meter: cf. F.
albuminim\'8atre.] An instrument for
ascertaining the quantity of albumen in a liquid.
Al*bu"mi*nin (#), n.
(Chem.) The substance of the cells which inclose
the white of birds' eggs.
Al*bu`mi*nip"a*rous (#), a. [L.
albumen + parere to bear, bring forth.]
Producing albumin.
Al*bu"mi*noid (#), a. [L.
albumen + -oid.] (Chem.)
Resembling albumin. -- n. One
of a class of organic principles (called also
proteids) which form the main part of
organized tissues.<-- = protein. -->
Brunton.
Al*bu`mi*noid"al (#), a.
(Chem.) Of the nature of an albuminoid.
Al*bu"mi*nose` (#), n.
(Chem.) A diffusible substance formed from
albumin by the action of natural or artificial gastric juice. See
Peptone.
<-- *note* this term is used in this dictionary in the sense now
expressed as "proteinaceous" -->
{ Al*bu"mi*nous (#),
Al*bu"mi*nose` (#), } a.
[Cf. F. albumineux.] Pertaining to, or
containing, albumen; having the properties of, or resembling,
albumen or albumin. --
Al*bu"mi*nous*ness, n.
\'d8Al*bu`mi*nu"ri*a (#), n.
[NL., fr. L. albumen + Gr. / urine.]
(Med.) A morbid condition in which albumin is
present in the urine.
Al"bu*mose` (#), n. [From
albumin.] (Chem.) A compound or
class of compounds formed from albumin by dilute acids or by an
acid solution of pepsin. Used also in combination, as
antialbumose, hemialbumose.
Al"burn (#), n. [L.
alburnus, fr. L. albus white. Cf.
Auburn.] (Zo\'94l.) The bleak, a
small European fish having scales of a peculiarly silvery color
which are used in making artificial pearls.
Al*bur"nous (#), a. Of or
pertaining to alburnum; of the alburnum; as,
alburnous substances.
Al*bur"num (#), n. [L., fr.
albus white.] (Bot.) The white
and softer part of wood, between the inner bark and the hard wood
or duramen; sapwood.
Al"byn (#), n. [See
Albion.] Scotland; esp. the Highlands of
Scotland.
T. Cambell.
Al*cade" (#), n. Same as
Alcaid.
Al"ca*hest (#), n. Same as
Alkahest.
Al*ca"ic (#), a. [L.
Alca\'8bcus, Gr. /.] Pertaining to
Alc\'91us, a lyric poet of Mitylene, about 6000 b. c. --
n. A kind of verse, so called from Alc\'91us. One
variety consists of five feet, a spondee or iambic, an iambic, a
long syllable, and two dactyls.
\'d8Al*caid", Al*cayde"
(#), n. [Sp. alcaide,
fr. Ar. al-q\'be\'c6d governor, fr.
q\'beda to lead, govern.] 1. A
commander of a castle or fortress among the Spaniards,
Portuguese, and Moors.
2. The warden, or keeper of a jail.
\'d8Al*cal"de (#), n. [Sp.
alcalde, fr. Ar. al-q\'bed\'c6
judge, fr. qada to decide, judge. Hence, the
cadi of the Turks. Cf. Cadi.] A
magistrate or judge in Spain and in Spanish America, etc.
Prescott.
Alcaid.
Al`ca*lim"e*ter, n. See
Alkalimeter.
\'d8Al*can"na (#), n. [Sp.
alcana, alhe/a, fr. Ar.
al-hinn\'be. See Henna, and cf.
Alkanet.] (Bot.) An oriental shrub
(Lawsonia inermis) from which henna is obtained.
\'d8Al`car*ra"za (#), n.; pl.
Alcarrazas. (#) [Sp., from Ar.
al-kurr\'bez earthen vessel.] A
vessel of porous earthenware, used for cooling liquids by
evaporation from the exterior surface.
<-- p. 37 -->
\'d8Al*cayde" (#), n. Same as
Alcaid.
\'d8Al*ca"zar (#), n. [ fr. Ar.
al the + qacr (in pl.) a castle.]
A fortress; also, a royal palace.
Prescott.
\'d8Al*ce"do (#), n. [L.,
equiv. to Gr. /. See Halcyon.]
(Zo\'94l.) A genus of perching birds, including
the European kingfisher (Alcedo ispida). See
Halcyon.
{ Al*chem"ic (#), Al*chem"ic*al
(#), } a. [Cf. F.
alchimique.] Of or relating to
alchemy.
Al*chem"ic*al*ly, adv. In the manner of
alchemy.
Al"che*mist (#), n. [Cf. OF.
alquemiste, F. alchimiste.] One
who practices alchemy.
You are alchemist; make gold.
Shak.
{ Al`che*mis"tic (#),
Al`che*mis"tic*al (#), } a.
Relating to or practicing alchemy.
Metaphysical and alchemistical legislators.
Burke.
Al"che*mis*try (#), n.
Alchemy. [Obs.]
Al"che*mize (#), v. t. To
change by alchemy; to transmute.
Lovelace.
Al"che*my (#), n. [OF.
alkemie, arquemie, F. alchimie,
Ar. al-k\'c6m\'c6a, fr. late Gr. /, for /, a
mingling, infusion, / juice, liquid, especially as extracted
from plants, fr. / to pour; for chemistry was originally the
art of extracting the juices from plants for medicinal purposes.
Cf. Sp. alquimia, It. alchimia. Gr. / is
prob. akin to L. fundere to pour, Goth.
guitan, AS. ge\'a2tan, to pour, and so to
E. fuse. See Fuse, and cf.
Chemistry.] 1. An imaginary art
which aimed to transmute the baser metals into gold, to find the
panacea, or universal remedy for diseases, etc. It led the way to
modern chemistry.
2. A mixed metal composed mainly of brass, formerly
used for various utensils; hence, a trumpet.
[Obs.]
Put to their mouths the sounding alchemy.
Milton.
3. Miraculous power of transmuting something common
into something precious.
Kissing with golden face the meadows green,
Gilding pale streams with heavenly alchemy.
Shak.
Al*chym"ic (#), a.,
Al"chy*mist (#), n.,
Al`chy*mis"tic (#), a.,
Al"chy*my (#), n. See
Alchemic, Alchemist, Alchemistic,
Alchemy.
\'d8Al"co (#), n. A small South
American dog, domesticated by the aborigines.
{ Al"co*ate (#), Al"co*hate
(#), } n. Shortened forms of
Alcoholate.
Al"co*hol (#), n. [Cf. F.
alcool, formerly written alcohol, Sp.
alcohol alcohol, antimony, galena, OSp.
alcofol; all fr. Ar. al-kohl a
powder of antimony or galena, to paint the eyebrows with. The
name was afterwards applied, on account of the fineness of this
powder, to highly rectified spirits, a signification unknown in
Arabia. The Sp. word has bot meanings. Cf.
Alquifou.] 1. An impalpable
powder. [Obs.]
2. The fluid essence or pure spirit obtained by
distillation. [Obs.]
Boyle.
3. Pure spirit of wine; pure or highly rectified
spirit (called also ethyl alcohol); the
spirituous or intoxicating element of fermented or distilled
liquors, or more loosely a liquid containing it in considerable
quantity. It is extracted by simple distillation from various
vegetable juices and infusions of a saccharine nature, which have
undergone vinous fermentation.
alcohol contains 91 per cent by weight of ethyl
alcohol and 9 per cent of water; and diluted alcohol
(proof spirit) contains 45.5 per cent by weight of ethyl alcohol
and 54.5 per cent of water.
4. (Organic Chem.) A class of compounds
analogous to vinic alcohol in constitution. Chemically speaking,
they are hydroxides of certain organic radicals; as, the
radical ethyl forms common or ethyl alcohol
(C2H5OH); methyl forms methyl
alcohol (CH3.OH) or wood
spirit; amyl forms amyl alcohol
(C5H11.OH) or fusel oil,
etc.
Al"co*hol*ate (#), n. [Cf. F.
alcolaie.] (Chem.) A
crystallizable compound of a salt with alcohol, in which the
latter plays a part analogous to that of water of
crystallization.
Graham.
Al`co*hol"a*ture (#), n. [Cf.
F. alcoolature.] (Med.) An
alcoholic tincture prepared with fresh plants.
New Eng. Dict.
Al`co*hol"ic (#), a. [Cf. F.
alcolique.] Of or pertaining to alcohol, or
partaking of its qualities; derived from, or caused by, alcohol;
containing alcohol; as, alcoholic mixtures;
alcoholic gastritis; alcoholic odor.
Al`co*hol"ic, n. 1. A person
given to the use of alcoholic liquors.
2. pl. Alcoholic liquors.
Al"co*hol*ism (#), n. [Cf. F.
alcoolisme.] (Med.) A diseased
condition of the system, brought about by the continued use of
alcoholic liquors.
Al`co*hol`i*za"tion (#), n.
[Cf. F. alcoolisation.] 1.
The act of reducing a substance to a fine or impalpable
powder. [Obs.]
Johnson.
2. The act rectifying spirit.
3. Saturation with alcohol; putting the animal
system under the influence of alcoholic liquor.
Al"co*hol*ize (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Alcoholized
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Alcoholizing.] [Cf. F.
alcooliser.] 1. To reduce to a
fine powder. [Obs.]
Johnson.
2. To convert into alcohol; to rectify; also, to
saturate with alcohol.
{ Al`co*hol*om"e*ter (#),
Al`co*hol"me*ter (#), } n.
[Alcohol + -meter.]
(Chem.) An instrument for determining the
strength of spirits, with a scale graduated so as to indicate the
percentage of pure alcohol, either by weight or volume. It is
usually a form of hydrometer with a special scale.
Al`co*hol`o*met"ric (#),
Al`co*hol`o*met"ric*al (#),
Al`co*hol*met"ric*al (#), a.
Relating to the alcoholometer or alcoholometry.
The alcoholometrical strength of spirituous
liquors.
Ure.
Al`co*hol"om"e*try (#), n. The
process or method of ascertaining the proportion of pure alcohol
which spirituous liquors contain.
Al`co*hom"e*ter (#), n.,
Al`co*ho*met"ric, a. Same as
Alcoholometer, Alcoholometric.
Al`co*\'94m"e*try (#), n.
See Alcoholometry.
alcom\'8atre,
alcoom\'8atrie, doubtless by the suppression of a
syllable in order to avoid a disagreeable sequence of sounds.
(Cf. Idolatry.)
Littr\'82.
Al"co*ran (?; 277), n.
[ets>alcoran, fr. Ar.
al-qor\'ben, orig. the reading, the book,
fr. qaraa to read. Cf. Koran.] The
Mohammedan Scriptures; the Koran (now the usual form).
[Spelt also Alcoran.]
Al`co*ran"ic (#), a. Of or
pertaining to the Koran.
Al`co*ran"ist, n. One who adheres to the
letter of the Koran, rejecting all traditions.
Al"cove (?; 277), n. [F.
alc\'93ve, Sp. or Pg. alcoba, from Ar.
al-quobbah arch, vault, tent.]
1. (Arch.) A recessed portion of a room,
or a small room opening into a larger one; especially, a recess
to contain a bed; a lateral recess in a library.
2. A small ornamental building with seats, or an
arched seat, in a pleasure ground; a garden bower.
Cowper.
3. Any natural recess analogous to an alcove or
recess in an apartment.
The youthful wanderers found a wild alcove.
Falconer.
Al"cy*on (#), n. See
Halcyon.
\'d8Al`cy*o*na"ce*a (#), n. pl.
[NL.] (Zo\'94l.) A group of
soft-bodied Alcyonaria, of which Alcyonium is the
type. See Illust. under Alcyonaria.
\'d8Al`cy*o*na"ri*a (#), n. pl.
[NL.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the orders of
Anthozoa. It includes the Alcyonacea, Pennatulacea, and
Gorgonacea.
\'d8Al*cy"o*nes (#), n. pl.
[L., pl. of Alcyon.] (Zo\'94l.)
The kingfishers.
Al`cy*on"ic (#), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the
Alcyonaria.
\'d8Al`cy*o"ni*um (#), n. [Gr.
/ a zo\'94phyte, so called from being like the halcyon's
nest.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of fleshy
Alcyonaria, its polyps somewhat resembling flowers with eight
fringed rays. The term was also formerly used for certain species
of sponges.
Al"cy*o*noid (#), a. [Gr. / +
-oid.] (Zo\'94l.) Like or
pertaining to the Alcyonaria. -- n.
A zo\'94phyte of the order Alcyonaria.
Al"day (#), adv.
Continually. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Al*deb"a*ran (#), n. [Ar.
al-debar\'ben, fr. dabar to follow; so
called because this star follows upon the Pleiades.]
(Astron.) A red star of the first magnitude,
situated in the eye of Taurus; the Bull's Eye. It is the bright
star in the group called the Hyades.
Now when Aldebaran was mounted high
Above the shiny Cassiopeia's chair.
Spenser.
Al"de*hyde (#), n. [Abbrev. fr.
alcohol dehydrogenatum, alcohol deprived of
its hydrogen.] (Chem.) A colorless, mobile,
and very volatile liquid obtained from alcohol by certain of
oxidation.
aldehydes are intermediate between
the alcohols and acids, and differ from the alcohols in having
two less hydrogen atoms in the molecule, as common
aldehyde (called also acetic
aldehyde or ethyl aldehyde),
C2H4O; methyl aldehyde,
CH2O.
Aldehyde ammonia (Chem.), a
compound formed by the union of aldehyde with ammonia.
Al`de*hy"dic (#), a.
(Chem.) Of or pertaining to aldehyde; as,
aldehydic acid.
Miller.
Al"der (#), n. [OE.
aldir, aller, fr. AS. alr,
aler, alor, akin to D. els, G.
erle, Icel. erlir, erli, Swed.
al, Dan. elle, el, L.
alnus, and E. elm.] (Bot.)
A tree, usually growing in moist land, and belonging to the
genus Alnus. The wood is used by turners, etc.; the
bark by dyers and tanners. In the U. S. the species of alder are
usually shrubs or small trees.
Black alder. (a) A European shrub
(Rhamnus frangula); Alder buckthorn. (b)
An American species of holly (Ilex verticillata),
bearing red berries.
{ Al"der (#), Al"ler
(#), } a. [From ealra,
alra, gen. pl. of AS. eal. The d
is excrescent.] Of all; -- used in composition;
as, alderbest, best of all, alderwisest,
wisest of all. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Al`der-lief"est (#), a. [For
allerliefest dearest of all. See Lief.]
Most beloved. [Obs.]
Shak.
Al"der*man (#), n.; pl.
Aldplwmen (#). [AS.
aldormon, ealdorman; ealdor an
elder + man. See Elder, n.]
1. A senior or superior; a person of rank or
dignity. [Obs.]
Alderman of all England; and there were
aldermen of cities, counties, and castles, who had
jurisdiction within their respective districts.
3. One of a board or body of municipal officers
next in order to the mayor and having a legislative function.
They may, in some cases, individually exercise some magisterial
and administrative functions.
Al"der*man*cy (#), n. The
office of an alderman.
Al"der*man"ic (#), a. Relating
to, becoming to, or like, an alderman; characteristic of an
alderman.
Al`der*man"i*ty (#), n. 1.
Aldermen collectively; the body of aldermen.
2. The state of being an alderman.
[Jocular]
Al`der*man*like` (#), a. Like
or suited to an alderman.
Al"der*man*ly, a. Pertaining to, or
like, an alderman.
Al"der*man*ly, a. Pertaining to, or
like, an alderman. \'bdAn aldermanly
discretion.\'b8
Swift.
Al"der*man*ry (#), n. 1.
The district or ward of an alderman.
2. The office or rank of an alderman.
[R.]
B. Jonson.
Al"der*man*ship, n. The condition,
position, or office of an alderman.
Fabyan.
Al"dern (#), a. Made of
alder.
Al"der*ney (#), n. One of a
breed of cattle raised in Alderney, one of the Channel Islands.
Alderneys are of a dun or tawny color and are often called
Jersey cattle. See Jersey, 3.
Al"dine (?; 277), a.
(Bibliog.) An epithet applied to editions
(chiefly of the classics) which proceeded from the press of
Aldus Manitius, and his family, of Venice, for the
most part in the 16th century and known by the sign of the anchor
and the dolphin. The term has also been applied to certain
elegant editions of English works.
Ale (#), n. [AS.
ealu, akin to Icel., Sw., and Dan. \'94l,
Lith. alus a kind of beer, OSlav. ol/
beer. Cf. Ir. ol drink, drinking.] 1.
An intoxicating liquor made from an infusion of malt by
fermentation and the addition of a bitter, usually hops.
ale, in England and the United
States, usually designates a heavier kind of fermented liquor,
and the word beer a lighter kind. The word
beer is also in common use as the generic name for all
malt liquors.
2. A festival in English country places, so called
from the liquor drunk. \'bdAt wakes and
ales.\'b8 B. Jonson.\'bdOn ember eves and
holy ales.\'b8 Shak.
A*leak" (#), adv. & a. [Pref.
a- + leak.] In a leaking
condition.
A"le*a*to*ry (#), a. [L.
aleatorius, fr. alea chance, die.]
(Law) Depending on some uncertain contingency;
as, an aleatory contract.
Bouvier.
Ale"bench` (#), n. A bench in
or before an alehouse.
Bunyan.
Ale"ber`ry (#), n. [OE.
alebery, alebrey; ale + bre
broth, fr. AS. br\'c6w pottage.] A
beverage, formerly made by boiling ale with spice, sugar, and
sops of bread.
Their aleberries, caudles, possets.
Beau. & Fl.
A*lec"i*thal (#), a. [Gr. /
priv. + / yelk.] (Biol.) Applied to those
ova which segment uniformly, and which have little or no food
yelk embedded in their protoplasm.
Balfour.
Ale"con`ner (#), n.
[/Ale + con, OE. cunnen to
test, AS. cunnian to test. See Con.]
Orig., an officer appointed to look to the goodness of ale
and beer; also, one of the officers chosen by the liverymen of
London to inspect the measures used in public houses. But the
office is a sinecure. [Also called aletaster.]
[Eng.]
Ale"cost` (#), n.
[Ale + L. costus an aromatic plant:
cf. Costmary.] (Bot.) The plant
costmary, which was formerly much used for flavoring ale.
\'d8Al`ec*tor"i*des (#), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / a cock.] (Zo\'94l.)
A group of birds including the common fowl and the
pheasants.
A*lec`to*rom"a*chy (#), n. [Gr.
/ cock + / fight.] Cockfighting.
A*lec"to*ro*man`cy (#), n. See
Alectryomancy.
A*lec`try*om'a*chy (#), n. [Gr.
/ cock + / fight.] Cockfighting.
A*lec"try*o*man`cy (#), n. [Gr.
/ cock + -mancy.] Divination by means of
a cock and grains of corn placed on the letters of the alphabet,
the letters being put together in the order in which the grains
were eaten.
Amer. Cyc.
A*lee" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- + lee.] (Naut.) On
or toward the lee, or the side away from the wind; the opposite
of aweather. The helm of a ship is alee
when pressed close to the lee side.
Hard alee, or Luff alee,
an order to put the helm to the lee side.
Al"e*gar (#), n.
[Ale + eager sour, F.
aigre. Cf. Vinegar.] Sour ale;
vinegar made of ale.
Cecil.
Al"e*ger (#), a. [F.
all\'8agre, earlier al\'8agre, fr. L.
alacer.] Gay; cheerful; sprightly.
[Obs.]
Bacon.
A*legge" (#), v. t. [OE.
aleggen, alegen, OF. alegier, F.
all\'82ger, fr. LL. alleviare, for L.
allevare to lighten; ad + levis light. Cf.
Alleviate, Allay, Allege.]
To allay or alleviate; to lighten. [Obs.]
That shall alegge this bitter blast.
Spenser.
Ale"hoof` (#), n. [AS.
h/fe ground ivy; the first part is perh. a
corruption: cf. OE. heyhowe hedgehove, <-- p. 38 -->
ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. heyhowe,
heyoue, haihoue, halehoue.\'b8
[Prior]. Ground ivy (Nepeta
Glechoma).
Ale"house` (#), n. A house
where ale is retailed; hence, a tippling house.
Macaulay.
Ale"-knight` (#), n. A pot
companion. [Obs.]
Al`e*man"nic (#), a. Belonging
to the Alemanni, a confederacy of warlike German tribes.
Al`e*man"nic, n. The language of the
Alemanni.
The Swabian dialect . . . is known as the
Alemannic.
Amer. Cyc.
A*lem"bic (#), n. [F.
alambic (cf. Sp. alambique), Ar.
al-anb\'c6q, fr. Gr. / cup, cap of a
still. The cap or head was the alembic proper. Cf.
Limbec.] An apparatus formerly used in
distillation, usually made of glass or metal. It has mostly given
place to the retort and worm still.
Used also metaphorically.
The alembic of a great poet's imagination.
Brimley.
A*lem"broth (#), n. [Origin
uncertain.] The salt of wisdom of the
alchemists, a double salt composed of the chlorides of ammonium
and mercury. It was formerly used as a stimulant.
Brande & C.
A`len`con" lace" (#). See under
Lace.
A*length" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- + length.] At full length;
lenghtwise.
Chaucer.
A*lep"i*dote, a. [Gr. / priv. + /,
/, a scale.] (Zo\'94l.) Not having
scales. -- n. A fish without
scales.
Ale"pole` (#), n. A pole set up
as the sign of an alehouse. [Obs.]
A*lert" (#), a. [F.
alerte, earlier \'85 l'erte on the watch,
fr. It. all' erta on the watch, prop. (standing) on a
height, where one can look around; erta a declivity,
steep, erto steep, p. p. of ergere,
erigere, to erect, raise, L. erigere. See
Erect.] 1. Watchful; vigilant;
active in vigilance.
2. Brisk; nimble; moving with celerity.
An alert young fellow.
Addison.
Syn. -- Active; agile; lively; quick; prompt.
A*lert", n. (Mil.) An alarm
from a real or threatened attack; a sudden attack; also, a bugle
sound to give warning. \'bdWe have had an
alert.\'b8
Farrow.
On the alert, on the lookout or watch against
attack or danger; ready to act.
A*lert"ly, adv. In an alert manner;
nimbly.
A*lert"ness, n. The quality of being
alert or on the alert; briskness; nimbleness; activity.
Ale" sil`ver (#). A duty payable to the
lord mayor of London by the sellers of ale within the city.
Ale"stake (#), n. A stake or
pole projecting from, or set up before, an alehouse, as a sign;
an alepole. At the end was commonly suspended a garland, a bunch
of leaves, or a \'bdbush.\'b8 [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Ale"tast`er (#), n. See
Aleconner. [Eng.]
A*le`thi*ol"o*gy (#), n. [Gr.
/ truth + -logy.] The science which
treats of the nature of truth and evidence.
Sir W. Hamilton.
A*leth"o*scope (#), n. [Gr. /
true + / to view.] An instrument for viewing
pictures by means of a lens, so as to present them in their
natural proportions and relations.
A*leu"ro*man`cy (#), n. [Gr.
/ wheaten flour + -mancy: cf. F.
aleuromancie.] Divination by means of
flour.
Encyc. Brit.
Al`eu*rom"e*ter (#), n. [Gr.
/ flour + -meter.] An instrument for
determining the expansive properties, or quality, of gluten in
flour.
Knight.
A*leu"rone (#), n. [Gr. /
flour.] (Bot.) An albuminoid substance
which occurs in minute grains (\'bdprotein granules\'b8) in
maturing seeds and tubers; -- supposed to be a modification of
protoplasm.
Al`eu*ron"ic (#), a.
(Bot.) Having the nature of aleurone.
D. C. Eaton.
{ A*leu"tian (#), A*leu"tic
(#), } a. [Said to be from the
Russ. aleut a bold rock.] Of or pertaining
to a chain of islands between Alaska and Kamtchatka; also,
designating these islands.
Al"e*vin (#), n. [F.
alevin, OF. alever to rear, fr. L. ad
+ levare to raise.] Young fish; fry.
A*lew" (#), n. Halloo.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
Ale"wife` (#), n.; pl.
Alewives (#). A woman who keeps an
alehouse.
Gay.
Ale"wife`, n.; pl.
Alewives. [This word is properly
aloof, the Indian name of a fish. See Winthrop on the
culture of maize in America, \'bdPhil Trans.\'b8 No. 142, p.
1065, and Baddam's \'bdMemoirs,\'b8 vol. ii. p. 131.]
(Zo\'94l.) A North American fish (Clupea
vernalis) of the Herring family. It is called also
ellwife, ellwhop,
branch herring. The name is locally applied to
other related species.
Al`ex*an"ders (#),
Al`i*san"ders (#), n.
[OE. alisaundre, OF. alissandere, fr.
Alexander or Alexandria.]
(Bot) A name given to two species of the genus
Smyrnium, formerly cultivated and used as celery now
is; -- called also horse parsely.
Al`ex*an"dri*an (#), a. 1.
Of or pertaining to Alexandria in Egypt; as, the
Alexandrian library.
2. Applied to a kind of heroic verse. See
Alexandrine, n.
Al`ex*an"drine (?; 277), a.
Belonging to Alexandria; Alexandrian.
Bancroft.
Al`ex*an"drine (#), n. [F.
alexandrin.] A kind of verse consisting in
English of twelve syllables.
The needless Alexandrine ends the song,
That, like a wounded snake, drags its slow length along.
Pope.
{ A*lex`i*phar"mac (#),
A*lex`i*phar"ma*cal (#), } a. &
n. [See Alexipharmic.]
Alexipharmic. [Obs.]
{ A*lex`i*phar"mic (#),
A*lex`i*phar"mic*al (#), } a.
[Gr. / keeping off poison; / to keep off + / drug,
poison: cf. F. alexipharmaque.]
(Med.) Expelling or counteracting poison;
antidotal.
A*lex`i*phar"mic (#), n.
(Med.) An antidote against poison or infection; a
counterpoison.
A*lex`i*py*ret"ic (#), a. [Gr.
/ + / burning heat, fever, / fire.] (Med.)
Serving to drive off fever; antifebrile. --
n. A febrifuge.
{ A*lex`i*ter"ic (#),
A*lex`i*ter"ic*al (#), } a.
[Gr. / fit to keep off or help, fr. / one who keeps off,
helper; / to keep off: cf. F. alexit\'8are.]
(med.) Resisting poison; obviating the effects of
venom; alexipharmic.
A*lex`i*ter"ic, n. [Gr. / a remedy, an
amulet: cf. F. alexit\'8are, LL.
alexiterium.] (Med.) A
preservative against contagious and infectious diseases, and the
effects of poison in general.
Brande & C.
\'d8Al"fa (#) or Al"fa grass"
(#), n. A plant (Macrochloa
tenacissima) of North Africa; also, its fiber, used in
paper making.
Al*fal"fa (#), n. [Sp.]
(Bot.) The lucern (Medicago sativa);
-- so called in California, Texas, etc.
Al"fe*nide (#), n.
(Metal.) An alloy of nickel and silver
electroplated with silver.
\'d8Al*fe"res (#), n. [Sp., fr.
Ar. al-f\'bers knight.] An ensign; a
standard bearer. [Obs.]
J. Fletcher.
Al"fet, n. [LL. alfetum, fr.
AS. \'belf\'91t a pot to boil in; \'bel
burning + f\'91t vat.] A caldron of boiling
water into which an accused person plunged his forearm as a test
of innocence or guilt.
\'d8Al*fil`a*ri"a (#), n.
(Bot.) The pin grass (Erodium
cicutarium), a weed in California.
\'d8Al`fi*o"ne (#), n.
(Zo\'94l.) An edible marine fish of California
(Rhacochilus toxotes).
\'d8Al*fres"co (#), adv. & a.
[It. al fresco in or on the fresh.] In
the open-air.
Smollett.
\'d8Al"ga (#), n.; pl.
Alg\'91 (#). [L., seaweed.]
(Bot.) A kind of seaweed; pl. the
class of cellular cryptogamic plants which includes the black,
red, and green seaweeds, as kelp, dulse, sea lettuce, also marine
and fresh water conferv\'91, etc.
Al"gal (#), a., (Bot.)
Pertaining to, or like, alg\'91.
\'d8Al`ga*ro"ba (#), n. [Sp.
algarroba, fr. Ar. al-kharr/bah. Cf.
Carob.] (Bot.) (a) The
Carob, a leguminous tree of the Mediterranean region; also, its
edible beans or pods, called St. John's bread.
(b) The Honey mesquite (Prosopis
juliflora), a small tree found from California to Buenos
Ayres; also, its sweet, pulpy pods. A valuable gum, resembling
gum arabic, is collected from the tree in Texas and Mexico.
{ Al"ga*rot (#), Al"ga*roth
(#), } n. [F. algaroth,
fr. the name of the inventor, Algarotti.]
(Med.) A term used for the Powder of Algaroth, a
white powder which is a compound of trichloride and trioxide of
antimony. It was formerly used in medicine as an emetic,
purgative, and diaphoretic.
\'d8Al`ga*ro*vil"la (#), n. The
agglutinated seeds and husks of the legumes of a South American
tree (Inga Marth\'91). It is valuable for tanning
leather, and as a dye.
{ Al"gate (#), Al"gates
(#), } adv. [All +
gate way. The s is an adverbial ending. See
Gate.] 1. Always; wholly;
everywhere. [Obs.]
Ulna now he algates must forego.
Spenser.
2. By any or means; at all events.
[Obs.]
Fairfax.
3. Notwithstanding; yet. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Al"ga*zel` (#), n. [Ar.
al the + ghaz\'bel.]
(Zo\'94l.) The true gazelle.
Al"ge*bra (#), n. [LL.
algebra, fr. Ar. al-jebr reduction of parts
to a whole, or fractions to whole numbers, fr. jabara
to bind together, consolidate; al-jebr
w'almuq\'bebalah reduction and comparison (by equations):
cf. F. alg\'8abre, It. & Sp.
algebra.] 1. (Math.)
That branch of mathematics which treats of the relations and
properties of quantity by means of letters and other symbols. It
is applicable to those relations that are true of every kind of
magnitude.
2. A treatise on this science.
{ Al`ge*bra"ic (#),
Al`ge*bra"ic*al (#), } a.
Of or pertaining to algebra; containing an operation of
algebra, or deduced from such operation; as,
algebraic characters; algebraical
writings.
Algebraic curve, a curve such that the
equation which expresses the relation between the co\'94rdinates
of its points involves only the ordinary operations of algebra;
-- opposed to a transcendental curve.
Al`ge*bra"ic*al*ly, adv. By algebraic
process.
Al"ge*bra`ist (#), n. One
versed in algebra.
Al"ge*bra*ize (#), v. t. To
perform by algebra; to reduce to algebraic form.
Al*ge"ri*an (#), a. Of or
pertaining to Algeria. -- n. A native of
Algeria.
Al`ge*rine" (#), a. Of or
pertaining to Algiers or Algeria.
Al`ge*rine", n. A native or one of the
people of Algiers or Algeria. Also, a pirate.
Al"gid (#), a. [L.
algidus cold, fr. algere to be cold: cf. F.
algide.] Cold; chilly.
Bailey.
Algid cholera (Med.), Asiatic
cholera.
Al*gid"i*ty (#), n. Chilliness;
coldness; especially (Med.), coldness and
collapse.
Al"gid*ness (#), n.
Algidity. [Obs.]
Al*gif"ic (#), a. [L.
algificus, fr. algus cold +
facere to make.] Producing cold.
Al"goid (#), a. [L. alga +
-oid.] Of the nature of, or resembling, an
alga.
Al"gol (#), n. [Ar.
al-gh/l destruction, calamity, fr.
gh\'bela to take suddenly, destroy.]
(Astron.) A fixed star, in Medusa's head, in the
constellation Perseus, remarkable for its periodic variation in
brightness.
Al`go*log"ic*al (#), a. Of or
pertaining to algology; as, algological
specimens.
Al*gol"o*gist (#), n. One
learned about alg\'91; a student of algology.
Al*gol"o*gy (#), n. [L.
alga seaweed + -logy.]
(Bot.) The study or science of alg\'91 or
seaweeds.
{ Al*gon"quin (#), Al*gon"kin
(#), } n. One of a widely spread
family of Indians, including many distinct tribes, which formerly
occupied most of the northern and eastern part of North America.
The name was originally applied to a group of Indian tribes north
of the River St. Lawrence.
\'d8Al"gor (#), n. [L.]
(Med.) Cold; chilliness.
{ Al"go*rism (#), Al"go*rithm
(#), } n. [OE.
algorism, algrim, augrim, OF.
algorisme, F. algorithme (cf. Sp.
algoritmo, OSp. alguarismo, LL.
algorismus), fr. the Ar.
al-Khow\'berezm\'c6 of Khow\'berezm, the
modern Khiwa, surname of Abu Ja'far Mohammed ben Mus\'be, author
of a work on arithmetic early in the 9th century, which was
translated into Latin, such books bearing the name
algorismus. The spelling with th is due to
a supposed connection with Gr. / number.] 1.
The art of calculating by nine figures and zero.
2. The art of calculating with any species of
notation; as, the algorithms of fractions,
proportions, surds, etc.
Al"gous (#), a. [L.
algosus, fr. alga seaweed.] Of
or pertaining to the alg\'91, or seaweeds; abounding with, or
like, seaweed.
\'d8Al`gua*zil" (#) (#), n.
[Sp. alguacil, fr. Ar. alwaz\'c6r the
vizier. Cf. Vizier.] An inferior officer of
justice in Spain; a warrant officer; a constable.
Prescott.
Al"gum (#), n. Same as
Almug (and etymologically preferable).
2 Chron. ii. 8.
Al*ham"bra (#), n. [Ultimately
fr. Ar. al the + hamr\'be red;
i. e., the red (sc.
house).] The palace of the Moorish kings at
Granada.
{ Al`ham*bra"ic (#),
Al`ham*bresque" (?; 277), } a.
Made or decorated after the fanciful style of the
ornamentation in the Alhambra, which affords an unusually fine
exhibition of Saracenic or Arabesque architecture.
\'d8Al*hen"na (#), n. See
Henna.
A"li*as (#), adv. [L., fr.
alius. See Else.] (Law)
(a) Otherwise; otherwise called; -- a term used in
legal proceedings to connect the different names of any one who
has gone by two or more, and whose true name is for any cause
doubtful; as, Smith, alias Simpson.
(b) At another time.
A"li*as, n.; pl. Aliases
(#). [L., otherwise, at another time.]
(Law) (a) A second or further writ which
is issued after a first writ has expired without effect.
(b) Another name; an assumed name.
Al"i*bi (#), n. [L., elsewhere,
at another place. See Alias.] (Law)
The plea or mode of defense under which a person on trial
for a crime proves or attempts to prove that he was in another
place when the alleged act was committed; as, to set up an
alibi; to prove an alibi.
Al`i*bil"i*ty (#), n. Quality
of being alible.
Al"i*ble (#), a. [L.
alibilis, fr. alere to nourish.]
Nutritive; nourishing.
Al"i*cant (#), n. A kind of
wine, formerly much esteemed; -- said to have been made near
Alicant, in Spain.
J. Fletcher.
Al"i*dade (#), n. [LL.
alidada, alhidada, fr. Ar.
al-'id\'beda a sort of rule: cf. F.
alidade.] The portion of a graduated
instrument, as a quadrant or astrolabe, carrying the sights or
telescope, and showing the degrees cut off on the arc of the
instrument
Whewell.
Al"ien (#), a. [OF.
alien, L. alienus, fr. alius
another; properly, therefore, belonging to another. See
Else.] 1. Not belonging to the same
country, land, or government, or to the citizens or subjects
thereof; foreign; as, alien subjects, enemies,
property, shores.
2. Wholly different in nature; foreign; adverse;
inconsistent (with); incongruous; -- followed by
from or sometimes by to; as, principles
alien from our religion.
An alien sound of melancholy.
Wordsworth.
Alien enemy (Law), one who owes
allegiance to a government at war with ours.
Abbott.
Al"ien, n. 1. A foreigner; one
owing allegiance, or belonging, to another country; a
foreign-born resident of a country in which he does not posses
the privileges of a citizen. Hence, a stranger. See
Alienage.
2. One excluded from certain privileges; one
alienated or estranged; as, aliens from God's
mercies.
Aliens from the common wealth of Israel.
Ephes. ii. 12.
Al"ien, v. t. [F. ali\'82ner,
L. alienare.] To alienate; to estrange; to
transfer, as property or ownership. [R.]
\'bdIt the son alien lands.\'b8
Sir M. Hale.
The prince was totally aliened from all thoughts of
. . . the marriage.
Clarendon.
Al`ien*a*bil"i*ty (#), n.
Capability of being alienated. \'bdThe
alienability of the domain.\'b8
Burke.
Al"ien*a*ble (#), a. [Cf. F.
ali\'82nable.] Capable of being alienated,
sold, or transferred to another; as, land is
alienable according to the laws of the state.
Al"ien*age (#), n. [Cf. OF.
ali\'82nage.] 1. The state or
legal condition of being an alien.
alienage are
removable by naturalization or by special license from the State
of residence, and in some of the United States by declaration of
intention of naturalization.
Kent. Wharton.
Estates forfeitable on account of alienage.
Story.
2. The state of being alienated or transferred to
another.
Brougham.
<-- p. 39 -->
Al"ien*ate (#), a. [L.
alienatus, p. p. of alienare, fr.
alienus. See Alien, and cf.
Aliene.] Estranged; withdrawn in affection;
foreign; -- with from.
O alienate from God.
Milton.
Al"ien*ate (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Alienated
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Alienating.] 1. To convey or
transfer to another, as title, property, or right; to part
voluntarily with ownership of.
2. To withdraw, as the affections; to make
indifferent of averse, where love or friendship before subsisted;
to estrange; to wean; -- with from.
The errors which . . . alienated a loyal gentry and
priesthood from the House of Stuart.
Macaulay.
The recollection of his former life is a dream that only the
more alienates him from the realities of the
present.
I. Taylor.
Al"ien*ate (#), n. A stranger;
an alien. [Obs.]
Al`ien*a"tion (#), n. [F.
ali\'82nation, L. alienatio, fr.
alienare, fr. alienare. See
Alienate.] 1. The act of alienating,
or the state of being alienated.
2. (Law) A transfer of title, or a legal
conveyance of property to another.
3. A withdrawing or estrangement, as of the
affections.
The alienation of his heart from the king.
Bacon.
4. Mental alienation; derangement of the mental
faculties; insanity; as, alienation of
mind.
Syn. -- Insanity; lunacy; madness; derangement; aberration;
mania; delirium; frenzy; dementia; monomania. See
Insanity.
Al"ien*a"tor (#), n. One who
alienates.
Al*iene (#), v. t. To alien or
alienate; to transfer, as title or property; as, to
aliene an estate.
Al"ien*ee" (#), n. (Law)
One to whom the title of property is transferred; -- opposed
to alienor.
It the alienee enters and keeps possession.
Blackstone.
Al"ien*ism (#), n. 1.
The status or legal condition of an alien; alienage.
The law was very gentle in the construction of the disability
of alienism.
Kent.
2. The study or treatment of diseases of the
mind.
Al"ien*ist (#), n. [F.
ali\'82niste.] One who treats diseases of
the mind.
Ed. Rev.
Al`ien*or" (#), n. [OF.
ali\'82neur.] One who alienates or
transfers property to another.
Blackstone.
{ Al`i*eth"moid (#),
Al`i*eth*moid"al (#), } a.
[L. ala wing + E. ethomoid.]
(Anat.) Pertaining to expansions of the ethmoid
bone or /artilage.
A*life" (#), adv. [Cf.
lief dear.] On my life; dearly.
[Obs.] \'bdI love that sport alife.\'b8
Beau. & Fl.
A*lif"er*ous (#), a. [L.
ala wing + -ferous.] Having
wings, winged; aligerous. [R.]
Al"i*form (#), a. [L.
ala wing + -form.] Wing-shaped;
winglike.
A*lig"er*ous (#), a. [L.
aliger; ala wing + gerere to
carry.] Having wings; winged. [R.]
A*light" (#), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Alighted
(#) sometimes Alit (#); p. pr. &
vb. n. Alighting.] [OE.
alihten, fr. AS. \'bel\'c6htan; pref.
\'be- (cf. Goth. us-, G. er-,
orig. meaning out) + l\'c6htan, to alight,
orig. to render light, to remove a burden from, fr.
l\'c6ht, leoht, light. See Light,
v. i.] 1. To spring down, get
down, or descend, as from on horseback or from a carriage; to
dismount.
2. To descend and settle, lodge, rest, or stop;
as, a flying bird alights on a tree; snow
alights on a roof.
3. To come or chance (upon).
[R.]
A*light", a. [Pref. a- +
light.] Lighted; lighted up; in a
flame. \'bdThe lamps were alight.\'b8
Dickens.
A*lign" (#), v. t. [F.
aligner; \'85 (L. ad) +
ligne (L. linea) line. See Line,
and cf. Allineate.] To adjust or form to a
line; to range or form in line; to bring into line; to
aline.
A*lign", v. t. To form in line; to fall
into line.
A*lign"ment (#), n. [F.
alignement.] 1. The act of
adjusting to a line; arrangement in a line or lines; the state of
being so adjusted; a formation in a straight line; also, the line
of adjustment; esp., an imaginary line to regulate the formation
of troops or of a squadron.
2. (Engin.) The ground-plan of a railway
or other road, in distinction from the grades or profile.
A*like" (#), a. [AS.
onl\'c6c, gel\'c6c; pref. \'be +
like.] Having resemblance or similitude;
similar; without difference. [Now used only predicatively.]
The darkness and the light are both alike to
thee.
Ps. cxxxix. 12.
A*like", adv. [AS. gel\'c6ce,
onl\'c6ce.] In the same manner, form, or
degree; in common; equally; as, we are all alike
concerne/ in religion.
A*like"-mind`ed (#), a.
Like-minded. [Obs.]
Al"i*ment (#), n. [L.
alimentum, fr. alere to nourish; akin to
Goth. alan to grow, Icel. ala to nourish:
cf. F. aliment. See Old.] 1.
That which nourishes; food; nutriment; anything which feeds
or adds to a substance in natural growth. Hence: The necessaries
of life generally: sustenance; means of support.
Aliments of thei/ sloth and weakness.
Bacon.
2. An allowance for maintenance.
[Scot.]
Al"i*ment, v. t. 1. To nourish;
to support.
2. To provide for the maintenance of.
[Scot.]
Al`i*men"tal (#), a. Supplying
food; having the quality of nourishing; furnishing the materials
for natural growth; as, alimental sap.
A`li*men"tal*ly, adv. So as to serve for
nourishment or food; nourishing quality.
Sir T. Browne.
Al`i*men"ta*ri*ness (#), n. The
quality of being alimentary; nourishing quality.
[R.]
Al`i*men"ta*ry (#), a. [L.
alimentarius, fr. alimentum: cf. F.
alimentaire.] Pertaining to aliment or
food, or to the function of nutrition; nutritious; alimental;
as, alimentary substances.
Alimentary canal, the entire channel,
extending from the mouth to the anus, by which aliments are
conveyed through the body, and the useless parts
ejected.
Al`i*men*ta"tion (#), n. [Cf.
F. alimentation, LL. alimentatio.]
1. The act or process of affording nutriment; the
function of the alimentary canal.
2. State or mode of being nourished.
Bacon.
Al`i*men"tive*ness (#), n. The
instinct or faculty of appetite for food. [Chiefly
in Phrenol.]
Al`i*mo"ni*ous (#), a.
Affording food; nourishing. [R.]
\'bdAlimonious humors.\'b8
Harvey.
Al"i*mo*ny (#), n. [L.
alimonia, alimonium, nourishment,
sustenance, fr. alere to nourish.] 1.
Maintenance; means of living.
2. (Law) An allowance made to a wife out
of her husband's estate or income for her support, upon her
divorce or legal separation from him, or during a suit for the
same.
Wharton. Burrill.
Al`i*na"sal (#), a. [L.
ala wing + E. nasal.]
(Anat.) Pertaining to expansions of the nasal
bone or cartilage.
A*line" (#), v. t. To range or
place in a line; to bring into line; to align.
Evelyn.
A*lin`e*a"tion (#), n. See
Allineation.
A*line"ment (#), n. Same as
Alignment.
[The Eng. form alinement is preferable to
alignment, a bad spelling of the French].
New Eng. Dict. (Murray).
A*lin"er (#), n. One who
adjusts things to a line or lines or brings them into line.
Evelyn.
Al"i*oth (#), n. [Ar.
aly\'bet the tail of a fat sheep.]
(Astron.) A star in the tail of the Great Bear,
the one next the bowl in the Dipper.
Al"i*ped (#), a. [L.
alipes; ala wing + pes,
pedis, foot: cf. F. alip\'8ade.]
(Zo\'94l.) Wing-footed, as the bat. --
n. An animal whose toes are connected
by a membrane, serving for a wing, as the bat.
Al"i*quant (#), a. [L.
aliquantus some, moderate; alius other +
quantus how great: cf. F. aliquante.]
(Math.) An aliquant part of a number
or quantity is one which does not divide it without leaving a
remainder; thus, 5 is an aliquant part of 16. Opposed
to aliquot.
Al"i*quot (#), a. [L.
aliquot some, several; alius other +
quot how many: cf. F. aliquote.]
(Math.) An aliquot part of a number or
quantity is one which will divide it without a remainder; thus, 5
is an aliquot part of 15. Opposed to
aliquant.
Al`i*sep"tal (#), a. [L.
ala wing + E. septal.]
(Anat.) Relating to expansions of the nasal
septum.
Al"ish (#), a. Like ale;
as, an alish taste.
{ Al`i*sphe"noid (#),
Al`i*sphe*noid"al (#), } a.
[L. ala wing + E. sphenoid.]
(Anat.) Pertaining to or forming the wing of the
sphenoid; relating to a bone in the base of the skull, which in
the adult is often consolidated with the sphenoid; as,
alisphenoid bone; alisphenoid canal.
Al`i*sphe"noid, n. (Anat.)
The alisphenoid bone.
Al"i*trunk (#), n. [L.
ala wing + truncus trunk.]
(Zo\'94l.) The segment of the body of an insect
to which the wings are attached; the thorax.
Kirby.
Al`i*tur"gic*al (#), a. [Pref.
a- + liturgical.] (Eccl.)
Applied to those days when the holy sacrifice is not
offered.
Shipley.
\'d8A`li*un"de (#), adv. & a.
[L.] (Law) From another source; from
elsewhere; as, a case proved aliunde; evidence
aliunde.
A*live" (#), a. [OE. on
live, AS. on l\'c6fe in life; l\'c6fe
being dat. of l\'c6f life. See Life, and cf.
Live, a.] 1. Having life,
in opposition to dead; living; being in a state in
which the organs perform their functions; as, an animal or a
plant which is alive.
2. In a state of action; in force or operation;
unextinguished; unexpired; existent; as, to keep the fire
alive; to keep the affections alive.
3. Exhibiting the activity and motion of many
living beings; swarming; thronged.
The Boyne, for a quarter of a mile, was alive with
muskets and green boughs.
Macaulay.
4. Sprightly; lively; brisk.
Richardson.
5. Having susceptibility; easily impressed; having
lively feelings, as opposed to apathy; sensitive.
Tremblingly alive to nature's laws.
Falconer.
6. Of all living (by way of emphasis).
Northumberland was the proudest man alive.
Clarendon.
Used colloquially as an intensive; as, man
alive!
Alive always follows the noun which it
qualifies.
\'d8A`li*za"ri (#), n. [Perh.
fr. Ar. 'a/\'berah juice extracted from a plant, fr.
'a/ara to press.] (Com.) The
madder of the Levant.
Brande & C.
A*liz"a*rin (#), n. [F.
alizarine, fr. alizari.]
(Chem.) A coloring principle,
C14H6O2(OH)2, found in madder, and now produced
artificially from anthracene. It produces the Turkish reds.
Al"ka*hest (#), n. [LL.
alchahest, F. alcahest, a word that has an
Arabic appearance, but was probably arbitrarily formed by
Paracelsus.] The fabled \'bduniversal solvent\'b8 of
the alchemists; a menstruum capable of dissolving all
bodies. -- Al`ka*hes"tic (#),
a.
Al`kal*am"ide (#), n.
[Alkali + amide.]
(Chem.) One of a series of compounds that may be
regarded as ammonia in which a part of the hydrogen has been
replaced by basic, and another part by acid, atoms or
radicals.
{ Al`ka*les`cence (#),
Al`ka*les"cen*cy (#), } n.
A tendency to become alkaline; or the state of a substance
in which alkaline properties begin to be developed, or to
predominant.
Ure.
Al`ka*les"cent (#), a. [Cf. F.
alcalescent.] Tending to the properties of
an alkali; slightly alkaline.
Al"ka*li (?; 277), n.; pl.
Alkalis or Alkalies (#). [F.
alcali, ultimately fr. Ar. alqal\'c6 ashes
of the plant saltwort, fr. qalay to roast in a pan,
fry.] 1. Soda ash; caustic soda, caustic
potash, etc.
2. (Chem.) One of a class of caustic
bases, such as soda, potash, ammoma, and lithia, whose
distinguishing peculiarities are solubility in alcohol and water,
uniting with oils and fats to form soap, neutralizing and forming
salts with acids, turning to brown several vegetable yellows, and
changing reddened litmus to blue.
Fixed alkalies, potash and soda. --
Vegetable alkalies. Same as
Alkaloids. -- Volatile alkali,
ammonia, so called in distinction from the fixed
alkalies.
Al"ka*li*fi`a*ble (#), a. [Cf.
F. alcalifiable.] Capable of being
alkalified, or converted into an alkali.
Al"ka*li*fy (?; 277), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Alkalified
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Alkalifying.] [Alkali +
-fly: cf. F. alcalifier.] To
convert into an alkali; to give alkaline properties to.
Al"ka*li*fy, v. i. To become changed
into an alkali.
Al`ka*lim"e*ter (#), n.
[Alkali + -meter. cf. F.
alcalim\'8atre.] An instrument to ascertain
the strength of alkalies, or the quantity of alkali in a
mixture.
{ Al`ka*li*met"ric (#),
Al`ka*li*met"ric*al (#), } a.
Of or pertaining to alkalimetry.
Al`ka*lim"e*try (#), n. [Cf. F.
alcalim\'8atrie.] (Chem.) The
art or process of ascertaining the strength of alkalies, or the
quantity present in alkaline mixtures.
Al"ka*line (?; 277), a. [Cf. F.
alcalin.] Of or pertaining to an alkali or
to alkalies; having the properties of an alkali.
Alkaline earths, certain substances, as lime,
baryta, strontia, and magnesia, possessing some of the qualities
of alkalies. -- Alkaline metals, potassium,
sodium, c\'91sium, lithium, rubidium. -- Alkaline
reaction, a reaction indicating alkalinity, as by the
action on limits, turmeric, etc.
Al`ka*lin"i*ty (#), n. The
quality which constitutes an alkali; alkaline property.
Thomson.
Al*ka"li*ous (#), a.
Alkaline. [Obs.]
Al"ka*li*zate (#), a.
Alkaline. [Obs.]
Boyle.
Al"ka*li**zate (#), v. t. To
alkalizate. [R.]
Johnson.
Al`ka*li*za"tion (#), n. [Cf.
F. alcalisation.] The act rendering
alkaline by impregnating with an alkali; a conferring of alkaline
qualities.
Al"ka*lize (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Alkalized
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Alkalizing
(#).] [Cf. F.
alcaliser.] To render alkaline; to
communicate the properties of an alkali to.
{ Al"ka*loid (#), Al`ka*loid"al
(#), } a. [Alkali +
-oid: cf. F. alcalo\'8bde.]
Pertaining to, resembling, or containing, alkali.
Al"ka*loid (#), n.
(Chem.) An organic base, especially one of a
class of substances occurring ready formed in the tissues of
plants and the bodies of animals.
Alcaloids all contain nitrogen, carbon,
and hydrogen, and many of them also contain oxygen. They include
many of the active principles in plants; thus, morphine and
narcotine are alkaloids found in opium.
Al"ka*net (#), n. [Dim. of Sp.
alcana, alhe/a, in which al is
the Ar. article. See Henna, and cf.
Orchanet.] 1. (Chem.) A
dyeing matter extracted from the roots of Alkanna
tinctoria, which gives a fine deep red color.
2. (Bot.) (a) A boraginaceous
herb (Alkanna tinctoria) yielding the dye;
orchanet. (b) The similar plant Anchusa
officinalis; bugloss; also, the American puccoon.
Al*kar"gen (#), n.
[Alkarsin + oxygen.]
(Chem.) Same as Cacodylic acid.
Al*kar"sin (#), n.
[Alkali + arsenic +
-in.] (Chem.) A spontaneously
inflammable liquid, having a repulsive odor, and consisting of
cacodyl and its oxidation products; -- called also
Cadel's fuming liquid.
Al*ka"zar (#). See Alcazar.
Al`ke*ken"gi (#), n. [Cf. F.
alk\'82kenge, Sp. alquequenje, ultimately
fr. Ar. al-k\'bekanj a kind of resin from
Herat.] (Bot.) An herbaceous plant of the
nightshade family (Physalis alkekengi) and its fruit,
which is a well flavored berry, the size of a cherry, loosely
inclosed in a enlarged leafy calyx; -- also called winter
cherry, ground cherry, and strawberry
tomato.
D. C. Eaton.
Al*ker"mes (#), n. [Ar.
al-qirmiz kermes. See
Kermes.] (Old Pharmacy) A compound
cordial, in the form of a confection, deriving its name from the
kermes insect, its principal ingredient.
Al"ko*ran (?; 277), n. The
Mohammedan Scriptures. Same as Alcoran and
Koran.
Al`ko*ran"ic (#), a. Same as
Alcoranic.
Al`ko*ran"ist, n. Same as
Alcoranist.
All (#), a. [OE. al,
pl. alle, AS. eal, pl. ealle,
Northumbrian alle, akin to D. & OHG. al,
Ger. all, Icel. allr. Dan. al,
Sw. all, Goth. alls; and perh. to Ir. and
Gael. uile, W. oll.] 1.
The whole quantity, extent, duration, amount, quality, or
degree of; the whole; the whole number of; any whatever; every;
as, all the wheat; all the land;
all the year; all the strength; all
happiness; all abundance; loss of all power;
beyond all doubt; you will see us all (or all
of us).
Prove all things: hold fast that which is good.
1 Thess. v. 21.
2. Any. [Obs.] \'bdWithout
all remedy.\'b8
Shak.
all qualifies, all precedes the article or
the pronoun; as, all the cattle; all my
labor; all his wealth; all our families;
all your citizens; all their property;
all other joys.
This word, not only in popular language, but in the
Scriptures, often signifies, indefinitely, a large portion or
number, or a great part. Thus, all the cattle in Egypt
died, all Judea and all the region round
about Jordan, all men held John as a prophet, are not
to be understood in a literal sense, but as including a large
part, or very great numbers.
3. Only; alone; nothing but.
I was born to speak all mirth and no matter.
Shak.
All the whole, the whole (emphatically).
[Obs.] \'bdAll the whole
army.\'b8
Shak.
All, adv. 1. Wholly;
completely; altogether; entirely; quite; very; as,
all bedewed; my friend is all for
amusement. \'bdAnd cheeks all pale.\'b8
Byron.
<-- p. 40 -->
all too dear,
all too much, all so long, etc., this word
retains its appropriate sense or becomes intensive.
2. Even; just. (Often a mere intensive
adjunct.) [Obs. or Poet.]
All as his straying flock he fed.
Spenser.
A damsel lay deploring
All on a rock reclined.
Gay.
All to, All-to.
In such phrases as \'bdall to rent,\'b8
\'bdall to break,\'b8 \'bdall-to
frozen,\'b8 etc., which are of frequent occurrence in our old
authors, the all and the to have commonly
been regarded as forming a compound adverb, equivalent in meaning
to entirely, completely,
altogether. But the sense of entireness lies wholly in
the word all (as it does in \'bdall
forlorn,\'b8 and similar expressions), and the to
properly belongs to the following word, being a kind of intensive
prefix (orig. meaning asunder and answering to the LG.
ter-, HG. zer-). It is frequently to be met
with in old books, used without the all. Thus Wyclif
says, \'bdThe vail of the temple was to rent:\'b8 and
of Judas, \'bdHe was hanged and to-burst the
middle:\'b8 i. e., burst in two, or asunder. --
All along. See under Along. --
All and some, individually and collectively, one
and all. [Obs.] \'bdDispleased all and
some.\'b8 Fairfax. -- All but.
(a) Scarcely; not even. [Obs.]
Shak. (b) Almost; nearly. \'bdThe
fine arts were all but proscribed.\'b8
Macaulay. -- All hollow, entirely,
completely; as, to beat any one all
hollow. [Low] -- All one,
the same thing in effect; that is, wholly the same
thing. -- All over, over the whole extent;
thoroughly; wholly; as, she is her mother all
over. [Colloq.] -- All the
better, wholly the better; that is, better by the whole
difference. -- All the same,
nevertheless. \'bdThere they [certain phenomena] remain
rooted all the same, whether we recognize them or
not.\'b8 J. C. Shairp. \'bdBut Rugby is a very nice
place all the same.\'b8 T. Arnold. -- See also
under All, n.
All (#), n. The whole number,
quantity, or amount; the entire thing; everything included or
concerned; the aggregate; the whole; totality; everything or
every person; as, our all is at stake.
Death, as the Psalmist saith, is certain to
all.
Shak.
All that thou seest is mine.
Gen. xxxi. 43.
All is used with of, like a partitive;
as, all of a thing, all of us.
After all, after considering everything to the
contrary; nevertheless. -- All in all, a
phrase which signifies all things to a person, or
everything desired; (also adverbially) wholly;
altogether.
Thou shalt be all in all, and I in thee,
Forever.
Milton.
Trust me not at all, or all in all.
Tennyson.
-- All in the wind (Naut.), a phrase
denoting that the sails are parallel with the course of the wind,
so as to shake. -- All told, all counted; in
all. -- And all, and the rest; and everything
connected. \'bdBring our crown and all.\'b8
Shak. -- At all. (a) In every
respect; wholly; thoroughly. [Obs.] \'bdShe is
a shrew at al(l).\'b8 Chaucer. (b)
A phrase much used by way of enforcement or emphasis, usually
in negative or interrogative sentences, and signifying in
any way or respect; in the least degree or to
the least extent; in the least; under any
circumstances; as, he has no ambition at all; has
he any property at all? \'bdNothing at all. \'b8
Shak. \'bdIt thy father at all miss me.\'b8
1 Sam. xx. 6. -- Over all,
everywhere. [Obs.] Chaucer.
All is much used in composition to
enlarge the meaning, or add force to a word. In some instances,
it is completely incorporated into words, and its final consonant
is dropped, as in almighty, already,
always: but, in most instances, it is an adverb
prefixed to adjectives or participles, but usually with a hyphen,
as, all-bountiful, all-glorious,
allimportant, all-surrounding, etc. In
others it is an adjective; as, allpower,
all-giver. Anciently many words, as,
alabout, alaground, etc., were compounded
with all, which are now written separately.
All, conj. [Orig. all, adv.,
wholly: used with though or if, which being
dropped before the subjunctive left all as if in the
sense although.] Although; albeit.
[Obs.]
All they were wondrous loth.
Spenser.
\'d8Al`la bre"ve (#). [It., according to
the breve.] (Old Church Music)
With one breve, or four minims, to measure, and
sung faster like four crotchets; in quick common time; --
indicated in the time signature by /.
\'d8Al"lah (#), n. [ contr. fr.
the article al the + ilah God.]
The name of the Supreme Being, in use among the Arabs and
the Mohammedans generally.
All`-a-mort" (#), a. See
Alamort.
Al"lan*ite (#), n. [From T.
Allan, who first distinguished it as a species.]
(min.) A silicate containing a large amount of
cerium. It is usually black in color, opaque, and is related to
epidote in form and composition.
Al`lan*to"ic (#), a. [Cf. F.
allanto\'8bque.] Pertaining to, or
contained in, the allantois.
Allantoic acid. (Chem.) See
Allantoin.
{ Al*lan"toid (#), Al`lan*toid"al
(#), } a. [Gr. / shaped like a
sausage; / sausage + / form.] (Anat.)
Of or pertaining to the allantois.
\'d8Al`lan*toid"e*a (#), n. pl.
[NL.] (Zo\'94l.) The division of
Vertebrata in which the embryo develops an allantois. It includes
reptiles, birds, and mammals.
Al*lan"to*in (#), n.
(Chem.) A crystalline, transparent, colorless
substance found in the allantoic liquid of the fetal calf; --
formerly called allantoic acid and amniotic
acid.
{ \'d8Al*lan"to*is (#),
Al*lan"toid (#), } n..
(Anat.) A membranous appendage of the embryos of
mammals, birds, and reptiles, -- in mammals serving to connect
the fetus with the parent; the urinary vesicle.
Al"la*trate (#), v. i. [L.
allatrare. See Latrate.] To bark
as a dog. [Obs.]
Stubbes.
Al*lay" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Allayed
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Allaying.] [OE. alaien,
aleggen, to lay down, put down, humble, put an end to,
AS. \'belecgan; \'be- (cf. Goth.
us-, G. er-, orig. meaning out)
+ lecgan to lay; but confused with old forms of
allege, alloy, alegge. See
Lay.] 1. To make quiet or put at
rest; to pacify or appease; to quell; to calm; as, to
allay popular excitement; to allay the tumult
of the passions.
2. To alleviate; to abate; to mitigate; as, to
allay the severity of affliction or the bitterness of
adversity.
It would allay the burning quality of that fell
poison.
Shak.
Syn. -- To alleviate; check; repress; assuage; appease;
abate; subdue; destroy; compose; soothe; calm; quiet. See
Alleviate.
Al*lay" (#), v. t. To diminish
in strength; to abate; to subside. \'bdWhen the rage
allays.\'b8
Shak.
Al*lay", n. Alleviation; abatement;
check. [Obs.]
Al*lay", n. Alloy.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Al*lay", v. t. To mix (metals); to mix
with a baser metal; to alloy; to deteriorate.
[Archaic]
Fuller.
Al*lay"er (#), n. One who, or
that which, allays.
Al*lay"ment (#), n. An
allaying; that which allays; mitigation.
[Obs.]
The like allayment could I give my grief.
Shak.
Al"le*cret (#), n. [OF.
alecret, halecret,
hallecret.] A kind of light armor used in
the sixteenth century, esp. by the Swiss.
Fairholt.
Al*lect" (#), v. t. [L.
allectare, freq. of allicere,
allectum.] To allure; to entice.
[Obs.]
Al`lec*ta"tion (#), n. [L.
allectatio.] Enticement; allurement.
[Obs.]
Bailey.
Al*lec"tive (#), a. [LL.
allectivus.] Alluring.
[Obs.]
Al*lec"tive, n. Allurement.
[Obs.]
Jer. Taylor.
Al*ledge" (#), v. t. See
Allege. [Obs.]
abridge,
was once the prevailing one.
Al`le*ga"tion (#), n. [L.
allegatio, fr. allegare,
allegatum, to send a message, cite; later, to free by
giving reasons; ad + legare to send, commission. Cf.
Allege and Adlegation.] 1.
The act of alleging or positively asserting.
2. That which is alleged, asserted, or declared;
positive assertion; formal averment
I thought their allegation but reasonable.
Steele.
3. (Law) A statement by a party of what
he undertakes to prove, -- usually applied to each separate
averment; the charge or matter undertaken to be proved.
Al*lege" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Alleged
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Alleging.] [OE. aleggen to
bring forward as evidence, OF. esligier to buy, prop.
to free from legal difficulties, fr. an assumed LL.
exlitigare; L. ex + litigare to quarrel,
sue (see Litigate). The word was confused with L.
allegare (see Allegation), and lex
law. Cf. Allay.] 1. To bring forward
with positiveness; to declare; to affirm; to assert; as, to
allege a fact.
2. To cite or quote; as, to allege the
authority of a judge. [Archaic]
3. To produce or urge as a reason, plea, or excuse;
as, he refused to lend, alleging a resolution
against lending.
Syn. -- To bring forward; adduce; advance; assign; produce;
declare; affirm; assert; aver; predicate.
Al*lege", v. t. [See
Allay.] To alleviate; to lighten, as a burden
or a trouble. [Obs.]
Wyclif.
Al*lege"a*ble (#), a. Capable
of being alleged or affirmed.
The most authentic examples allegeable in the
case.
South.
Al*lege"ance (#), n.
Allegation. [Obs.]
Al*lege"ment (#), n.
Allegation. [Obs.]
With many complaints and allegements.
Bp. Sanderson.
Al*leg"er (#), n. One who
affirms or declares.
Al*legge" (#), v. t. See
Alegge and Allay. [Obs.]
Al*le"giance (#), n. [OE.
alegeaunce; pref. a- + OF. lige,
liege. The meaning was influenced by L.
ligare to bind, and even by lex, legis,
law. See Liege, Ligeance.] 1.
The tie or obligation, implied or expressed, which a subject
owes to his sovereign or government; the duty of fidelity to
one's king, government, or state.
2. Devotion; loyalty; as, allegiance
to science.
Syn. -- Loyalty; fealty. --
Allegiance, Loyalty. These words agree
in expressing the general idea of fidelity and attachment to the
\'bdpowers that be.\'b8 Allegiance is an obligation to
a ruling power. Loyalty is a feeling or sentiment
towards such power. Allegiance may exist under any
form of government, and, in a republic, we generally speak of
allegiance to the government, to the state, etc. In
well conducted monarchies, loyalty is a warm-hearted
feeling of fidelity and obedience to the sovereign. It is
personal in its nature; and hence we speak of the
loyalty of a wife to her husband, not of her
allegiance. In cases where we personify,
loyalty is more commonly the word used; as,
loyalty to the constitution; loyalty to the
cause of virtue; loyalty to truth and religion,
etc.
Hear me, recreant, on thine allegiance hear me!
Shak.
So spake the Seraph Abdiel, faithful found, . . .
Unshaken, unseduced, unterrified,
His loyalty he kept, his love, his zeal.
Milton.
Al*le"giant (#), a.
Loyal.
Shak.
{ Al`le*gor"ic (#),
Al`le*gor"ic*al (#), } a.
[F. all\'82gorique, L. allegorius, fr.
Gr. /. See Allegory.] Belonging to, or
consisting of, allegory; of the nature of an allegory; describing
by resemblances; figurative. \'bdAn allegoric
tale.\'b8 Falconer. \'bdAn allegorical
application.\'b8 Pope.
Allegorical being . . . that kind of language which
says one thing, but means another.
Max Miller.
Al`le*gor"ic*al*ly, adv. --
Al`le*gor"ic*al*ness, n.
Al"le*go*rist (#), n. [Cf. F.
allegoriste.] One who allegorizes; a writer
of allegory.
Hume.
Al`le*gor"i*za"tion (#), n. The
act of turning into allegory, or of understanding in an
allegorical sense.
Al"le*go*rize (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Allegorized
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Allegorizing.] [Cf. F.
all\'82goriser, fr. L. allegorizare.]
1. To form or turn into allegory; as, to
allegorize the history of a people.
2. To treat as allegorical; to understand in an
allegorical sense; as, when a passage in a writer may
understood literally or figuratively, he who gives it a
figurative sense is said to allegorize it.
Al"le*go*rize, v. t. To use
allegory.
Holland.
Al"le*go*ri`zer (#), n. One who
allegorizes, or turns things into allegory; an allegorist.
Al"le*go*ry (#), n.; pl.
Allegories (#). [L.
allegoria, Gr. /, description of one thing under the
image of another; / other + / to speak in the assembly,
harangue, / place of assembly, fr. / to assemble: cf. F.
all\'82gorie.] 1. A figurative
sentence or discourse, in which the principal subject is
described by another subject resembling it in its properties and
circumstances. The real subject is thus kept out of view, and we
are left to collect the intentions of the writer or speaker by
the resemblance of the secondary to the primary subject.
2. Anything which represents by suggestive
resemblance; an emblem.
3. (Paint. & Sculpt.) A figure
representation which has a meaning beyond notion directly
conveyed by the object painted or sculptured.
Syn. -- Metaphor; fable. -- Allegory,
Parable. \'bdAn allegory differs both from
fable and parable, in that the properties of persons
are fictitiously represented as attached to things, to which they
are as it were transferred. . . . A figure of Peace and Victory
crowning some historical personage is an allegory.
\'bdI am the Vine, ye are the branches\'b8 [John xv.
1-6] is a spoken allegory. In the
parable there is no transference of properties. The
parable of the sower [Matt. xiii. 3-23]
represents all things as according to their proper nature. In the
allegory quoted above the properties of the vine and
the relation of the branches are transferred to the person of
Christ and His apostles and disciples.\'b8
C. J. Smith.
An allegory is a prolonged metaphor. Bunyan's
\'bdPilgrim's Progress\'b8 and Spenser's \'bdFa\'89rie Queene\'b8
are celebrated examples of the allegory.
\'d8Al`le`gresse" (#), n. [F.
all\'82gresse, fr. L. alacer
sprightly.] Joy; gladsomeness.
\'d8Al`le*gret"to (#), a. [It.,
dim. of allegro.] (Mus.) Quicker
than andante, but not so quick as
allegro. -- n. A movement in
this time.
\'d8Al*le"gro (#), a. [It.,
merry, gay, fr. L. alacer lively. Cf.
Aleger.] (Mus.) Brisk,
lively. -- n. An allegro movement;
a quick, sprightly strain or piece.
{ Al`le*lu"ia, Al`le*lu"iah }
(#), n. [L. alleluia, Gr.
/, fr. Heb. hall/l/-y\'beh. See
Hallelujah.] An exclamation signifying
Praise ye Jehovah. Hence: A song of praise to God. See
Hallelujah, the commoner form.
I heard a great voice of much people in heaven, saying,
Alleluia.
Rev. xix. 1.
\'d8Al"le*mande" (#), n. [F.,
fr. allemand German.] 1.
(Mus.) A dance in moderate twofold time, invented
by the French in the reign of Louis XIV.; -- now mostly found in
suites of pieces, like those of Bach and Handel.
2. A figure in dancing.
Al`le*man"nic (#), a. See
Alemannic.
Al*len"ar*ly (#), adv.
[All + anerly singly, fr.
ane one.] Solely; only.
[Scot.]
Sir W. Scott.
Al"ler (#), a. [For
ealra, the AS. gen. pl. of eal all.]
Same as Alder, of all. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
\'d8Al*le"ri*on (#), n. [F.
al\'82rion, LL. alario a sort of eagle; of
uncertain origin.] (Her.) Am eagle without
beak or feet, with expanded wings.
Burke.
Al*le"vi*ate (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Alleviated; p.
pr. & vb. n. Alleviating.] [LL.
alleviare, fr. L. ad + levis light. See
Alegge, Levity.] 1. To
lighten or lessen the force or weight of.
[Obs.]
Should no others join capable to alleviate the
expense.
Evelyn.
Those large bladders . . . conduce much to the
alleviating of the body [of flying birds].
Ray.
2. To lighten or lessen (physical or mental
troubles); to mitigate, or make easier to be endured; as, to
alleviate sorrow, pain, care, etc. ; -- opposed to
aggravate.
The calamity of the want of the sense of hearing is much
alleviated by giving the use of letters.
Bp. Horsley.
3. To extenuate; to palliate.
[R.]
He alleviates his fault by an excuse.
Johnson.
Syn. -- To lessen; diminish; soften; mitigate; assuage;
abate; relieve; nullify; allay. -- To
Alleviate, Mitigate, Assuage,
Allay. These words have in common the idea of relief
from some painful state; and being all figurative, they differ in
their application, according to the image under which this idea
is presented. Alleviate supposes a load which is
lightened or taken off; as, to alleviate one's
cares. Mitigate supposes something fierce which
is made mild; as, to mitigate one's anguish.
Assuage supposes something violent which is quieted;
as, to assuage one's sorrow. Allay
supposes something previously excited, but now brought down;
as, to allay one's suffering or one's thirst.
To alleviate the distresses of life; to
mitigate the fierceness of passion or the violence of
grief; to assuage angry feeling; to allay
wounded sensibility.
Al*le`vi*a"tion (#), n. [LL.
alleviatio.] 1. The act of
alleviating; a lightening of weight or severity; mitigation;
relief.
<-- p. 41 -->
2. That which mitigates, or makes more
tolerable.
I have not wanted such alleviations of life as
friendship could supply.
Johnson.
Al*le"vi*a*tive (#), a. Tending
to alleviate. -- n. That which
alleviates.
Al*le"vi*a`tor (#), n. One who,
or that which, alleviaties.
Al*le"vi*a*to*ry (#), a.
Alleviative.
Carlyle.
Al"ley (#), n.; pl.
Alleys (#). [OE. aley,
alley, OF. al\'82e, F. all\'82e,
a going, passage, fr. OE. aler, F. aller,
to go; of uncertain origin: cf. Prov. anar, It.
andare, Sp. andar.] 1.
A narrow passage; especially a walk or passage in a garden
or park, bordered by rows of trees or bushes; a bordered
way.
I know each lane and every alley green.
Milton.
2. A narrow passage or way in a city, as distinct
from a public street.
Gay.
3. A passageway between rows of pews in a
church.
4. (Persp.) Any passage having the
entrance represented as wider than the exit, so as to give the
appearance of length.
5. The space between two rows of compositors'
stands in a printing office.
Al"ley, n.; pl. Alleys
(#). [A contraction of alabaster,
of which it was originally made.] A choice taw or
marble.
Dickens.
Al"leyed (#), a. Furnished with
alleys; forming an alley. \'bdAn alleyed
walk.\'b8
Sir W. Scott.
Al"ley*way` (#) n. An
alley.
All" Fools' Day` (#). The first day of
April, a day on which sportive impositions are practiced.
The first of April, some do say,
Is set apart for All Fools' Day.
Poor Robin's Almanack (1760).
All`fours" (#). [All + four
(cards).] A game at cards, called \'bdHigh, Low, Jack,
and the Game.\'b8
All` fours" [formerly, All` four".]
All four legs of a quadruped; or the two legs and two arms
of a person.
To be, go, or
run, on all fours (Fig.), to be
on the same footing; to correspond (with) exactly; to
be alike in all the circumstances to be considered.
\'bdThis example is on all fours with the other.\'b8
\'bdNo simile can go on all fours.\'b8
Macaulay.
All` hail" (#). [All +
hail, interj.] All health; -- a
phrase of salutation or welcome.
All`-hail", v. t. To salute; to
greet. [Poet.]
Whiles I stood rapt in the wonder of it, came missives from
the king, who all-hailed me \'bdThane of
Cawdor.\'b8
Shak.
All`hal"lond (#), n.
Allhallows. [Obs.]
Shak.
{ All`hal"low (#), All`hal"lows
(#), } n. 1. All the
saints (in heaven). [Obs.]
2. All Saints' Day, November 1st.
[Archaic]
<-- All Hallows Eve = Halloween, Dec. 31 st. -->
All`hal"low (#). The evening before
Allhallows. See Halloween.
All`hal"low*mas (#), n. The
feast of All Saints.
All`hal"lown (#), a. Of or
pertaining to the time of Allhallows. [Obs.]
\'bdAllhallown summer.\'b8 Shak. (i. e.,
late summer; \'bdIndian Summer\'b8).
All`hal"low*tide` (#), n. [AS.
t\'c6d time.] The time at or near All
Saints, or November 1st.
All"heal (#), n. A name
popularly given to the officinal valerian, and to some other
plants.
Al*li"a*ble (#), a. Able to
enter into alliance.
Al`li*a"ceous (#), a. Of or
pertaining to the genus Allium, or garlic, onions,
leeks, etc.; having the smell or taste of garlic or onions.
Al*li"ance (#), n. [OE.
aliaunce, OF. aliance, F.
alliance, fr. OF. alier, F.
allier. See Ally, and cf. LL.
alligantia.] 1. The state of being
allied; the act of allying or uniting; a union or connection of
interests between families, states, parties, etc., especially
between families by marriage and states by compact, treaty, or
league; as, matrimonial alliances; an
alliance between church and state; an alliance
between France and England.
2. Any union resembling that of families or states;
union by relationship in qualities; affinity.
The alliance of the principles of the world with
those of the gospel.
C. J. Smith.
The alliance . . . between logic and
metaphysics.
Mansel.
3. The persons or parties allied.
Udall.
Syn. -- Connection; affinity; union; confederacy;
confederation; league; coalition.
Al*li"ance, v. t. To connect by
alliance; to ally. [Obs.]
Al*li"ant (#), n. [Cf. F.
alliant, p. pr.] An ally; a
confederate. [Obs. & R.]
Sir H. Wotton.
{ Al"lice, Al"lis } (#),
n. (Zo\'94l.) The European shad
(Clupea vulgaris); allice shad. See
Alose.
Al*li"cien*cy (#), n.
Attractive power; attractiveness. [Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
Al*li"cient (#), a. [L.
alliciens, p. pr. of allicere to allure;
ad + lacere to entice.] That attracts;
attracting. -- n. That
attracts. [Rare or Obs.]
Al*lied" (#), a. United;
joined; leagued; akin; related. See Ally.
Al*li*gate (#), v. t. [L.
alligatus, p. p. of alligare. See
Ally.] To tie; to unite by some tie.
Instincts alligated to their nature.
Sir M. Hale.
Al`li*ga"tion (#), n. [L.
alligatio.] 1. The act of tying
together or attaching by some bond, or the state of being
attached. [R.]
2. (Arith.) A rule relating to the
solution of questions concerning the compounding or mixing of
different ingredients, or ingredients of different qualities or
values.
Alligation is of two kinds, medial and
alternate; medial teaching the method of
finding the price or quality of a mixture of several simple
ingredients whose prices and qualities are known;
alternate, teaching the amount of each of several
simple ingredients whose prices or qualities are known, which
will be required to make a mixture of given price or
quality.
Al"li*ga`tor (#), n. [Sp.
el lagarto the lizard (el lagarto de
Indias, the cayman or American crocodile), fr. L.
lacertus, lacerta, lizard. See
Lizard.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) A
large carnivorous reptile of the Crocodile family, peculiar to
America. It has a shorter and broader snout than the crocodile,
and the large teeth of the lower jaw shut into pits in the upper
jaw, which has no marginal notches. Besides the common species of
the southern United States, there are allied species in South
America.
2. (Mech.) Any machine with strong jaws,
one of which opens like the movable jaw of an alligator;
as, (a) (Metal Working) a form of
squeezer for the puddle ball; (b)
(Mining) a rock breaker; (c)
(Printing) a kind of job press, called also
alligator press.
Alligator apple (Bot.), the fruit
of the Anona palustris, a West Indian tree. It is said
to be narcotic in its properties. Loudon. --
Alligator fish (Zo\'94l.), a marine
fish of northwestern America (Podothecus
acipenserinus). -- Alligator gar
(Zo\'94l.), one of the gar pikes (Lepidosteus
spatula) found in the southern rivers of the United States.
The name is also applied to other species of gar pikes. --
Alligator pear (Bot.), a corruption of
Avocado pear. See Avocado. --
Alligator snapper, Alligator
tortoise, Alligator turtle
(Zo\'94l.), a very large and voracious turtle
(Macrochelys lacertina) in habiting the rivers of the
southern United States. It sometimes reaches the weight of two
hundred pounds. Unlike the common snapping turtle, to which the
name is sometimes erroneously applied, it has a scaly head and
many small scales beneath the tail. This name is sometimes given
to other turtles, as to species of Trionyx. --
Alligator wood, the timber of a tree of the West
Indies (Guarea Swartzii).
Al*lign"ment (#), n. See
Alignment.
Al*lin"e*ate (#), v. t. [L.
ad + lineatus, p. p. of lineare to draw a
line.] To align. [R.]
Herschel.
{ Al*lin`e*a"tion (#),
A*line`e*a"tion (#), } n.
Alignment; position in a straight line, as of two planets
with the sun.
Whewell.
The allineation of the two planets.
C. A. Young.
Al*li"sion (#), n. [L.
allisio, fr. allidere, to strike or dash
against; ad + laedere to dash against.] The
act of dashing against, or striking upon.
The boisterous allision of the sea.
Woodward.
Al*lit"er*al (#), a. Pertaining
to, or characterized by alliteration.
Al*lit"er*ate (#), v. t. To
employ or place so as to make alliteration.
Skeat.
Al*lit"er*ate, v. i. To compose
alliteratively; also, to constitute alliteration.
Al*lit`er*a"tion (#), n. [L.
ad + litera letter. See Letter.]
The repetition of the same letter at the beginning of two or
more words immediately succeeding each other, or at short
intervals; as in the following lines: -
Behemoth, biggest born of earth, upheaved
His vastness.
Milton.
Fly o'er waste fens and windy fields.
Tennyson.
alliteration. Anglo-Saxon
poetry is characterized by alliterative meter of this sort. Later
poets also employed it.
In a somer seson whan soft was the sonne,
I shope me in shroudes as I a
shepe were.
P. Plowman.
Al*lit"er*a*tive (?; 277), a.
Pertaining to, or characterized by, alliteration; as,
alliterative poetry. --
Al*lit"er*a*tive*ly, adv. --
Al*lit"er*a*tive*ness, n.
Al*lit"er*a`tor (#), n. One who
alliterates.
\'d8Al"li*um (#), n. [L.,
garlic.] (bot.) A genus of plants,
including the onion, garlic, leek, chive, etc.
All"mouth` (#), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The angler.
All"ness (#), n. Totality;
completeness. [R.]
The allness of God, including his absolute
spirituality, supremacy, and eternity.
R. Turnbull.
All"night` (#), n. Light, fuel,
or food for the whole night. [Obs.]
Bacon.
Al"lo*cate (#), v. t. [LL.
allocatus, p. p. of allocare, fr. L.
ad + locare to place. See Allow.]
1. To distribute or assign; to allot.
Burke.
2. To localize. [R.]
Al`lo*ca"tion (#), n. [LL.
allocatio: cf. F. allocation.]
1. The act of putting one thing to another; a
placing; disposition; arrangement.
Hallam.
2. An allotment or apportionment; as, an
allocation of shares in a company.
The allocation of the particular portions of
Palestine to its successive inhabitants.
A. R. Stanley.
3. The admission of an item in an account, or an
allowance made upon an account; -- a term used in the English
exchequer.
\'d8Al`lo*ca"tur (#), n. [LL.,
it is allowed, fr. allocare to allow.]
(Law) \'bdAllowed.\'b8 The word
allocatur expresses the allowance of a proceeding,
writ, order, etc., by a court, judge, or judicial officer.
Al`lo*chro"ic (#), a.
Changeable in color.
Al*loch"ro*ite (#), n.
(Min.) See Garnet.
Al*loch"ro*ous (#), a. [Gr. /
changed in color, fr. / other + / color.] Changing
color.
Al`lo*cu"tion (#), n. [L.
allocuto, fr. alloqui to speak to; ad
+ loqui to speak: cf. F. allocution.]
1. The act or manner of speaking to, or of
addressing in words.
2. An address; a hortatory or authoritative address
as of a pope to his clergy.
Addison.
Al"lod (#), n. See
Allodium.
Al*lo"di*al (#), a. [LL.
allodialis, fr. allodium: cf. F.
allodial. See Allodium.]
(Law) Pertaining to allodium; freehold; free of
rent or service; held independent of a lord paramount; -- opposed
to feudal; as, allodial lands;
allodial system.
Blackstone.
Al*lo"di*al, a. Anything held
allodially.
W. Coxe.
Al*lo"di*al*ism (#), n. The
allodial system.
Al*lo"di*al*ist, n. One who holds
allodial land.
Al*lo"di*al*ly, adv. By allodial
tenure.
Al*lo"di*a*ry (#), n. One who
holds an allodium.
Al*lo"di*um (#), n. [LL.
allodium, alodium, alodis,
alaudis, of Ger. origin; cf. OHG. al all,
and /t (AS. e\'bed) possession, property.
It means, therefore, entirely one's property.]
(Law) Freehold estate; land which is the absolute
property of the owner; real estate held in absolute independence,
without being subject to any rent, service, or acknowledgment to
a superior. It is thus opposed to feud.
Blackstone. Bouvier.
Al*log"a*mous (#), a.
(Bot.) Characterized by allogamy.
Al*log"a*my (#) n. [Gr. /
other + / marriage.] (Bot.) Fertilization
of the pistil of a plant by pollen from another of the same
species; cross-fertilization.
Al`lo*ge"ne*ous (#), a. [Gr.
/.] Different in nature or kind.
[R.]
Al"lo*graph (#), n. [Gr. /
another + -graph.] A writing or signature
made by some person other than any of the parties thereto; --
opposed to autograph.
<-- Allomer; Allomeric -->
Al*lom"er*ism (#), n. [Gr. /
other + / part.] (Chem.) Variability in
chemical constitution without variation in crystalline
form.
Al*lom"er*ous (#), a.
(Chem.) Characterized by allomerism.
Al"lo*morph (#), n. [Gr. /
other + / form.] (Min.) (a) Any
one of two or more distinct crystalline forms of the same
substance; or the substance having such forms; -- as,
carbonate of lime occurs in the allomorphs calcite and
aragonite. (b) A variety of pseudomorph
which has undergone partial or complete change or substitution of
material; -- thus limonite is frequently an allomorph
after pyrite.
G. H. Williams.
Al`lo*mor"phic (#), a.
(Min.) Of or pertaining to allomorphism.
Al`lo*mor"phism (#), n.
(Min.) The property which constitutes an
allomorph; the change involved in becoming an allomorph.
Al*longe" (#), n. [F.
allonge, earlier alonge, a lengthening. See
Allonge, v., and cf. Lunge.]
1. (Fencing) A thrust or pass; a
lunge.
2. A slip of paper attached to a bill of exchange
for receiving indorsements, when the back of the bill itself is
already full; a rider. [A French usage]
Abbott.
Al*longe", v. i. [F.
allonger; \'85 (L. ad) +
long (L. longus) long.] To
thrust with a sword; to lunge.
Al"lo*nym (#), n. [F.
allonyme, fr. Gr. / other + / name.]
1. The name of another person assumed by the author
of a work.
2. A work published under the name of some one
other than the author.
Al*lon"y*mous (#), a. Published
under the name of some one other than the author.
Al*loo" (#), v. t. or i.
[See Halloo.] To incite dogs by a call;
to halloo. [Obs.]
Al"lo*path (#), n. [Cf. F.
allopathe.] An allopathist.
Ed. Rev.
Al`lo*path"ic (#), a. [Cf. F.
allopathique.] Of or pertaining to
allopathy.
Al`lo*path"ic*al*ly (#), adv.
In a manner conformable to allopathy; by allopathic
methods.
Al*lop"a*thist (#), n. One who
practices allopathy; one who professes allopathy.
Al*lop"a*thy (#), n. [Gr. /
other + / suffering, /, /, to suffer: cf. G.
allopathie, F. allopathie. See
Pathos.] That system of medical practice
which aims to combat disease by the use of remedies which produce
effects different from those produced by the special disease
treated; -- a term invented by Hahnemann to designate the
ordinary practice, as opposed to homeopathy.
{ Al`lo*phyl"ic (#),
Al`lo*phyl"i*an (#), } a.
[Gr. / of another tribe; / other + / class or
tribe.] Pertaining to a race or a language neither
Aryan nor Semitic.
J. Prichard.
Al"lo*quy (#), n. [L.
alloquim, fr. alloqui.] A
speaking to another; an address. [Obs.]
Al*lot" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Allotted; p.
pr. & vb. n. Allotting.] [OF.
aloter, F. allotir; a (L.
ad) + lot lot. See Lot.]
1. To distribute by lot.
2. To distribute, or parcel out in parts or
portions; or to distribute to each individual concerned; to
assign as a share or lot; to set apart as one's share; to bestow
on; to grant; to appoint; as, let every man be contented with
that which Providence allots him.
Ten years I will allot to the attainment of
knowledge.
Johnson.
Al"lo*the*ism (#), n. [Gr. /
other + / god.] The worship of strange gods.
Jer. Taylor.
Al*lot"ment (#), n. [Cf. OF.
alotement, F. allotement.]
1. The act of allotting; assignment.
2. That which is allotted; a share, part, or
portion granted or distributed; that which is assigned by lot, or
by the act of God; anything set apart for a special use or to a
distinct party.
The alloments of God and nature.
L'Estrange.
A vineyard and an allotment for olives and
herbs.
Broome.
3. (law) The allowance of a specific
amount of scrip or of a particular thing to a particular
person.
Cottage allotment, an allotment of a small
portion of land to a country laborer for garden cultivation.
[Eng.]
<-- p. 42 -->
Al`lo*tri*oph"a*gy (#), n. [Gr.
/ strange + / to eat: cf. F.
allotriophagie.] (Med.) A
depraved appetite; a desire for improper food.
{ Al`lo*trop"ic (#),
Al`lo*trop"ic*al (#), } a.
[Cf. F. allotropique.] Of or
pertaining to allotropism. --
Al`lo*trop"ic*al*ly,
adv.
Allotropic state, the several conditions which
occur in a case of allotropism.
Al*lot`ro*pic"i*ty (#), n.
Allotropic property or nature.
{ Al*lot"ro*pism (#),
Al*lot"ro*py (#), } n.
[Gr. / other + direction, way, / to turn: cf. F.
allotropie.] (Chem.) The
property of existing in two or more conditions which are distinct
in their physical or chemical relations.
Al*lot"ro*pize (#), v. t. To
change in physical properties but not in substance.
[R.]
Al*lot"ta*ble (#), a. Capable
of being allotted.
Al*lot`tee" (#), n. One to whom
anything is allotted; one to whom an allotment is made.
Al*lot"ter (#), n. One who
allots.
Al*lot"ter*y (#), n.
Allotment. [Obs.]
Shak.
Al*low" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Allowed
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Allowing.] [OE. alouen, OF.
alouer, aloer, aluer, F.
allouer, fr. LL. allocare to admit as
proved, to place, use; confused with OF. aloer, fr. L.
allaudare to extol; ad + laudare to praise.
See Local, and cf. Allocate,
Laud.] 1. To praise; to approve of;
hence, to sanction. [Obs. or Archaic]
Ye allow the deeds of your fathers.
Luke xi. 48.
We commend his pains, condemn his pride, allow his
life, approve his learning.
Fuller.
2. To like; to be suited or pleased with.
[Obs.]
How allow you the model of these clothes?
Massinger.
3. To sanction; to invest; to intrust.
[Obs.]
Thou shalt be . . . allowed with absolute
power.
Shak.
4. To grant, give, admit, accord, afford, or yield;
to let one have; as, to allow a servant his liberty;
to allow a free passage; to allow one day for
rest.
He was allowed about three hundred pounds a
year.
Macaulay.
5. To own or acknowledge; to accept as true; to
concede; to accede to an opinion; as, to allow a
right; to allow a claim; to allow the truth of
a proposition.
I allow, with Mrs. Grundy and most moralists, that
Miss Newcome's conduct . . . was highly reprehensible.
Thackeray.
6. To grant (something) as a deduction or an
addition; esp. to abate or deduct; as, to allow a
sum for leakage.
7. To grant license to; to permit; to consent to;
as, to allow a son to be absent.
Syn. -- To allot; assign; bestow; concede; admit; permit;
suffer; tolerate. See Permit.
Al*low", v. i. To admit; to concede; to
make allowance or abatement.
Allowing still for the different ways of making
it.
Addison.
To allow of, to permit; to admit.
Shak.
Al*low"a*ble (#), a. [F.
allouable.] 1. Praiseworthy;
laudable. [Obs.]
Hacket.
2. Proper to be, or capable of being, allowed;
permissible; admissible; not forbidden; not unlawful or improper;
as, a certain degree of freedom is allowable among
friends.
Al*low"a*ble*ness, n. The quality of
being allowable; permissibleness; lawfulness; exemption from
prohibition or impropriety.
South.
Al*low"a*bly, adv. In an allowable
manner.
Al*low"ance (#), n. [OF.
alouance.] 1. Approval;
approbation. [Obs.]
Crabbe.
2. The act of allowing, granting, conceding, or
admitting; authorization; permission; sanction; tolerance.
Without the king's will or the state's
allowance.
Shak.
3. Acknowledgment.
The censure of the which one must in your allowance
o'erweigh a whole theater of others.
Shak.
4. License; indulgence. [Obs.]
Locke.
5. That which is allowed; a share or portion
allotted or granted; a sum granted as a reimbursement, a bounty,
or as appropriate for any purpose; a stated quantity, as of food
or drink; hence, a limited quantity of meat and drink, when
provisions fall short.
I can give the boy a handsome allowance.
Thackeray.
6. Abatement; deduction; the taking into account of
mitigating circumstances; as, to make allowance for
the inexperience of youth.
After making the largest allowance for fraud.
Macaulay.
7. (com.) A customary deduction from the
gross weight of goods, different in different countries, such as
tare and tret.
Al*low"ance, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Allowancing (#).]
[See Allowance, n.] To put
upon a fixed allowance (esp. of provisions and drink); to supply
in a fixed and limited quantity; as, the captain was obliged
to allowance his crew; our provisions were
allowanced.
Al*low"ed*ly (#) adv. By
allowance; admittedly.
Shenstone.
Al*low"er (#), n. 1.
An approver or abettor. [Obs.]
2. One who allows or permits.
Al*lox"an (#), n.
[Allantoin + oxalic, as containing the
elements of allantion and oxalic
acid.] (Chem.) An oxidation product of uric
acid. It is of a pale reddish color, readily soluble in water or
alcohol.
Al*lox"a*nate (#), n.
(Chem.) A combination of alloxanic acid and a
base or base or positive radical.
Al`lox*an"ic (#), a.
(Chem.) Of or pertaining to alloxan; -- applied
to an acid obtained by the action of soluble alkalies on
alloxan.
Al`lox*an"tin (#), n.
(Chem.) A substance produced by acting upon uric
with warm and very dilute nitric acid.
Al*loy", n. [OE. alai, OF.
alei, F. aloyer, to alloy, alier
to ally. See Alloy, v. t.] 1.
Any combination or compound of metals fused together; a
mixture of metals; for example, brass, which is an alloy of
copper and zinc. But when mercury is one of the metals, the
compound is called an amalgam.
2. The quality, or comparative purity, of gold or
silver; fineness.
3. A baser metal mixed with a finer.
Fine silver is silver without the mixture of any baser metal.
Alloy is baser metal mixed with it.
Locke.
4. Admixture of anything which lessens the value or
detracts from; as, no happiness is without
alloy. \'bdPure English without Latin
alloy.\'b8
F. Harrison.
Al*loy", v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Alloyed (#); p. pr. & vb.
n. Alloying.] [F.
aloyer, OF. alier, allier, later
allayer, fr. L. aligare. See
Alloy, n., Ally, v.t.,
and cf. Allay.] 1. To reduce the
purity of by mixing with a less valuable substance; as, to
alloy gold with silver or copper, or silver with
copper.
2. To mix, as metals, so as to form a
compound.
3. To abate, impair, or debase by mixture; to
allay; as, to alloy pleasure with
misfortunes.
Al*loy", v. t. To form a metallic
compound.
Gold and iron alloy with ease.
Ure.
Al*loy"age (#), n. [F.
aloyage.] The act or art of alloying
metals; also, the combination or alloy.
All`-pos*sessed" (#), a.
Controlled by an evil spirit or by evil passions;
wild. [Colloq.]
{ All" Saints` (#), All" Saints'
(#), } The first day of November, called,
also, Allhallows or Hallowmas; a feast day
kept in honor of all the saints; also, the season of this
festival.
All" Souls' Day` (#). The second day of
November; a feast day of the Roman Catholic church, on which
supplications are made for the souls of the faithful dead.
All"spice` (#), n. The berry of
the pimento (Eugenia pimenta), a tree of the West
Indies; a spice of a mildly pungent taste, and agreeably
aromatic; Jamaica pepper; pimento. It has been supposed to
combine the flavor of cinnamon, nutmegs, and cloves; and hence
the name. The name is also given to other aromatic shrubs; as,
the Carolina allspice (Calycanthus
floridus); wild allspice (Lindera
benzoin), called also spicebush,
spicewood, and
feverbush.
All`thing` (#), adv. [For
in all (= every) thing.]
Altogether. [Obs.]
Shak.
Al*lude" (#), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Alluded; p. pr.
& vb. n. Alluding.] [L.
alludere to play with, to allude; ad +
ludere to play.] To refer to something
indirectly or by suggestion; to have reference to a subject not
specifically and plainly mentioned; -- followed by to;
as, the story alludes to a recent
transaction.
These speeches . . . do seem to allude unto such
ministerial garments as were then in use.
Hooker.
Syn. -- To refer; point; indicate; hint; suggest; intimate;
signify; insinuate; advert. See Refer.
Al*lude", v. t. To compare allusively;
to refer (something) as applicable. [Obs.]
Wither.
\'d8Al`lu`mette (#), n. [F.,
from allumer to light.] A match for
lighting candles, lamps, etc.
Al*lu"mi*nor (#), n. [OF.
alumineor, fr. L. ad + liminare. See
Luminate.] An illuminator of manuscripts and
books; a limner. [Obs.]
Cowell.
Al*lur"ance (#), n.
Allurement. [R.]
Al*lure" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Alluded
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Alluring.] [OF. aleurrer,
alurer, fr. a (L. ad) +
leurre lure. See Lure.] To attempt
to draw; to tempt by a lure or bait, that is, by the offer of
some good, real or apparent; to invite by something flattering or
acceptable; to entice; to attract.
With promised joys allured them on.
Falconer.
The golden sun in splendor likest Heaven
Allured his eye.
Milton.
Syn. -- To attract; entice; tempt; decoy; seduce.
-- To Allure, Entice, Decoy,
Seduce. These words agree in the idea of acting upon the
mind by some strong controlling influence, and differ according
to the image under which is presented. They are all used in a bad
sense, except allure, which has sometimes (though
rarely) a good one. We are allured by the prospect or
offer (usually deceptive) of some future good. We are commonly
enticed into evil by appeals to our passions. We are
decoyed into danger by false appearances or
representations. We are seduced when drawn aside from
the path of rectitude. What allures draws by gentle
means; what entices leads us by promises and
persuasions; what decoys betrays us, as it were, into
a snare or net; what seduces deceives us by artful
appeals to the passions.
Al*lure", n. Allurement.
[R.]
Hayward.
\'d8Al`lure" (#), n. [F.;
aller to go.] Gait; bearing.
The swing, the gait, the pose, the allure of these
men.
Harper's Mag.
Al*lure"ment (#), n. 1.
The act alluring; temptation; enticement.
Though Adam by his wife's allurement fell.
Milton.
2. That which allures; any real or apparent good
held forth, or operating, as a motive to action; as, the
allurements of pleasure, or of honor.
Al*lur"er (#), n. One who, or
that which, allures.
Al*lur"ing, a. That allures; attracting;
charming; tempting. -- Al*lur"ing*ly,
adv. -- Al*lur"ing*ness, n.
Al*lu"sion (#), n. [L.
allusio, fr. alludere to allude: cf. F.
allusion.] 1. A figurative or
symbolical reference. [Obs.]
2. A reference to something supposed to be known,
but not explicitly mentioned; a covert indication; indirect
reference; a hint.
Al*lu"sive (#), a. 1.
Figurative; symbolical.
2. Having reference to something not fully
expressed; containing an allusion.
Al*lu"sive*ly, adv. Figuratively
[Obs.]; by way of allusion; by implication,
suggestion, or insinuation.
Al*lu"sive*ness, n. The quality of being
allusive.
Al*lu"so*ry (#), a.
Allusive. [R.]
Warburton.
Al*lu"vi*al (#), a. [Cf. F.
alluvial. See Alluvion.]
Pertaining to, contained in, or composed of, alluvium;
relating to the deposits made by flowing water; washed away from
one place and deposited in another; as, alluvial
soil, mud, accumulations, deposits.
Al*lu"vi*on (#), n. [F.
alluvion, L. alluvio, fr.
alluere to wash against; ad + luere, equiv.
to lavare, to wash. See Lave.]
1. Wash or flow of water against the shore or
bank.
2. An overflowing; an inundation; a flood.
Lyell.
3. Matter deposited by an inundation or the action
of flowing water; alluvium.
The golden alluvions are there [in California and
Australia] spread over a far wider space: they are found not only
on the banks of rivers, and in their beds, but are scattered over
the surface of vast plains.
R. Cobden.
4. (Law) An accession of land gradually
washed to the shore or bank by the flowing of water. See
Accretion.
Al*lu"vi*ous (#), n. [L.
alluvius. See Alluvion.]
Alluvial. [R.]
Johnson.
Al*lu"vi*um (#), n.; pl. E.
Alluviums, L. Alluvia (#).
[L., neut. of alluvius. See
Alluvious.] (Geol.) Deposits of
earth, sand, gravel, and other transported matter, made by
rivers, floods, or other causes, upon land not permanently
submerged beneath the waters of lakes or seas.
Lyell.
All"where` (#), adv.
Everywhere. [Archaic]
All"work` (#), n. Domestic or
other work of all kinds; as, a maid of allwork, that
is, a general servant.
Al*ly" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Allied (#);
p. pr. & vb. n. Allying.]
[OE. alien, OF. alier, F.
alier, fr. L. alligare to bind to; ad
+ ligare to bind. Cf. Alligate, Alloy,
Allay, Ligament.] 1. To
unite, or form a connection between, as between families by
marriage, or between princes and states by treaty, league, or
confederacy; -- often followed by to or
with.
O chief! in blood, and now in arms allied.
Pope.
2. To connect or form a relation between by
similitude, resemblance, friendship, or love.
These three did love each other dearly well,
And with so firm affection were allied.
Spenser.
The virtue nearest to our vice allied.
Pope.
Ally is generally used in the passive
form or reflexively.
Al*ly" (#), n.; pl.
Allies (#). [See Ally,
v.] 1. A relative; a
kinsman. [Obs.]
Shak.
2. One united to another by treaty or league; --
usually applied to sovereigns or states; a confederate.
The English soldiers and their French allies.
Macaulay.
3. Anything associated with another as a helper; an
auxiliary.
Science, instead of being the enemy of religion, becomes its
ally.
Buckle.
4. Anything akin to another by structure,
etc.
Al"ly (#), n. See
Alley, a marble or taw.
Al"lyl (#), n. [L.
allium garlic + -yl.]
(Chem.) An organic radical,
C3H5, existing especially in oils of garlic and
mustard.
Al"ly*lene (#), n.
(Chem.) A gaseous hydrocarbon,
C3H4, homologous with acetylene; propine.
<-- =propyne, CH3.C.CH -->
Al"ma, Al"mah (#),
n. Same as Alme.
Al`ma*can"tar (#), n.
(Astron.) (a) Same as
Almucantar. (b) A recently invented
instrument for observing the heavenly bodies as they cross a
given almacantar circle. See Almucantar.
{ \'d8Al`ma*di"a (#),
\'d8Al"ma*die (#), } n.
[F. almadie (cf. Sp. & Pg. almadia),
fr. Ar. alma'd\'c6yah a raft, float.]
(Naut.) (a) A bark canoe used by the
Africans. (b) A boat used at Calicut, in
India, about eighty feet long, and six or seven broad.
Al"ma*gest (#), n. [F.
almageste, LL. almageste, Ar.
al-majist\'c6, fr. Gr. / (sc. /), the
greatest composition.] The celebrated work of Ptolemy
of Alexandria, which contains nearly all that is known of the
astronomical observations and theories of the ancients. The name
was extended to other similar works.
\'d8Al*ma"gra (#), n. [Sp.
almagra, almagre, fr. Ar.
al-maghrah red clay or earth.] A
fine, deep red ocher, somewhat purplish, found in Spain. It is
the sil atticum of the ancients. Under the name of
Indian red it is used for polishing glass and
silver.
{ Al"main (#), Al"mayne
(#), Al"man (#), } n.
[OF. Aleman, F. Allemand, fr. L.
Alemanni, ancient Ger. tribes.]
[Obs.] 1. A German. Also
adj., German.
Shak.
2. The German language.
J. Foxe.
3. A kind of dance. See Allemande.
Almain rivets, Almayne rivets, or
Alman rivets, a sort of light armor from
Germany, characterized by overlapping plates, arranged to slide
on rivets, and thus afford great flexibility.
\'d8Al"ma Ma"ter (#). [L., fostering
mother.] A college or seminary where one is
educated.
Al"ma*nac (?; 277), n. [LL.
almanac, almanach: cf. F.
almanach, Sp. almanaque, It.
almanacco, all of uncertain origin.] A book
or table, containing a calendar of days, and months, to which
astronomical data and various statistics are often added, such as
the times of the rising and setting of the sun and moon,
eclipses, hours of full tide, stated festivals of churches, terms
of courts, etc.
Nautical almanac, an almanac, or year book,
containing astronomical calculations (lunar, stellar, etc.), and
other information useful to mariners.
<-- P. 43 -->
Al"man*dine (#), n. [LL.
almandina, alamandina, for L.
alabandina a precious stone, named after
Alabanda, a town in Caria, where it was first and
chiefly found: cf. F. almandine.]
(Min.) The common red variety of garnet.
{ \'d8Al"me, \'d8Al"meh }
(#), n. [Ar. 'almah (fem.)
learned, fr. 'alama to know: cf. F.
alm\'82e.] An Egyptian dancing girl; an
Alma.
The Almehs lift their arms in dance.
Bayard Taylor.
\'d8Al`men*dron" (#), n. [Sp.,
fr. almendra almond.] The lofty Brazil-nut
tree.
Al"mer*y (#), n. See
Ambry. [Obs.]
Alm"esse (#), n. See
Alms. [Obs.]
{ Al*might"ful (#),
Al*might"i*ful (#), } a.
All-powerful; almighty. [Obs.]
Udall.
Al*might"i*ly, adv. With almighty
power.
Al*might"i*ness, n. Omnipotence;
infinite or boundless power; unlimited might.
Jer. Taylor.
Al*might"y (#), a. [AS.
ealmihtig, \'91lmihtig; eal (OE.
al) ail + mihtig mighty.] 1.
Unlimited in might; omnipotent; all-powerful;
irresistible.
I am the Almighty God.
Gen. xvii. 1.
2. Great; extreme; terrible.
[Slang]
Poor Aroar can not live, and can not die, -- so that he is in
an almighty fix.
De Quincey.
The Almighty, the omnipotent God.
Rev. i. 8.
Alm"ner (#), n. An
almoner. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Alm"ond (#), n. [OE.
almande, almaunde, alemaunde, F.
amande, L. amygdala, fr. Gr. /: cf. Sp.
almendra. Cf. Amygdalate.] 1.
The fruit of the almond tree.
Amygdalus
communis, a native of the Mediterranean region and western
Asia.
2. The tree bears the fruit; almond tree.
3. Anything shaped like an almond. Specifically:
(Anat.) One of the tonsils.
Almond oil, fixed oil expressed from sweet or
bitter almonds. -- Oil of bitter almonds, a
poisonous volatile oil obtained from bitter almonds by maceration
and distillation; benzoic aldehyde. -- Imitation oil of
bitter almonds, nitrobenzene. -- Almond
tree (Bot.), the tree bearing the
almond. -- Almond willow (Bot.), a
willow which has leaves that are of a light green on both sides;
almond-leaved willow (Salix amygdalina).
Shenstone.
Al"mond fur`nace (#). [Prob. a corruption
of Almain furnace, i. e., German furnace. See
Almain.] A kind of furnace used in refining,
to separate the metal from cinders and other foreign
matter.
Chambers.
Al"mon*dine (#), n. See
Almandine
Al"mon*er (#), n. [OE.
aumener, aulmener, OF.
almosnier, aumosnier, F.
aum\'93nier, fr. OF. almosne, alms, L.
eleemosyna. See Alms.] One who
distributes alms, esp. the doles and alms of religious houses,
almshouses, etc.; also, one who dispenses alms for another, as
the almoner of a prince, bishop, etc.
Al"mon*er*ship, n. The office of an
almoner.
Al"mon*ry (#), n.; pl.
Almonries (#). [OF.
aumosnerie, F. aum\'93nerie, fr. OF.
aumosnier. See Almoner.] The place
where an almoner resides, or where alms are distributed.
Al"mose (#), n. Alms.
[Obs.]
Cheke.
Al"most (#), adv. [AS.
ealm\'91st, \'91lm\'91st, quite the most,
almost all; eal (OE. al) all +
m/st most.] Nearly; well nigh; all but;
for the greatest part.
Almost thou persuadest me to be a Christian.
Acts xxvi. 28.
Almost never, scarcely ever. --
Almost nothing, scarcely anything.
Alm"ry (#), n. See
Almonry. [Obs.]
Alms (#), n. sing. & pl. [OE.
almes, almesse, AS. \'91lmysse,
fr. L. eleemosyna, Gr. / mercy, charity, alms, fr.
/ to pity. Cf. Almonry, Eleemosynary.]
Anything given gratuitously to relieve the poor, as money,
food, or clothing; a gift of charity.
A devout man . . . which gave much alms to the
people.
Acts x. 2.
Alms are but the vehicles of prayer.
Dryden.
Tenure by free alms. See
Frankalmoign.
Blackstone.
alms is singular in its form
(almesse), and is sometimes so used; as, \'bdasked an
alms.\'b8 Acts iii. 3.\'bdReceived an
alms.\'b8 Shak. It is now, however, commonly
a collective or plural noun. It is much used in composition, as
almsgiver, almsgiving, alms bag,
alms chest, etc.
Alms"deed` (#), n. An act of
charity.
Acts ix. 36.
Alms"folk` (#), n. Persons
supported by alms; almsmen. [Archaic]
Holinshed.
Alms"giv`er (#), n. A giver of
alms.
Alms"giv`ing (#), n. The giving
of alms.
Alms"house` (#), n. A house
appropriated for the use of the poor; a poorhouse.
Alms"man (#), n.;
fem. Almswoman.
1. A recipient of alms.
Shak.
2. A giver of alms. [R.]
Halliwell.
Al`mu*can"tar (#), n. [F.
almucantarat, almicantarat, ultimately fr.
Ar. al-muqantar\'bet, pl., fr.
qantara to bend, arch.] (Astron.)
A small circle of the sphere parallel to the horizon; a
circle or parallel of altitude. Two stars which have the same
almucantar have the same altitude. See
Almacantar. [Archaic]
Almucanter staff, an ancient instrument,
having an arc of fifteen degrees, formerly used at sea to take
observations of the sun's amplitude at the time of its rising or
setting, to find the variation of the compass.
Al"muce (#), n. Same as
Amice, a hood or cape.
\'d8Al*mude" (#), n. [Pg.
almude, or Sp. almud, a measure of grain or
dry fruit, fr. Ar. al-mudd a dry
measure.] A measure for liquids in several countries.
In Portugal the Lisbon almude is about 4.4, and the Oporto almude
about 6.6, gallons U. S. measure. In Turkey the \'bdalmud\'b8 is
about 1.4 gallons.
{ Al"mug (#), Al"gum
(#), } n. [Heb., perh. borrowed
fr. Skr. valguka sandalwood.]
(Script.) A tree or wood of the Bible (2 Chron.
ii. 8; 1 K. x. 11).
W. Smith.
Al"nage (#), n., [OF.
alnage, aulnage, F. aunage, fr.
OF. alne ell, of Ger. origin: cf. OHG.
elina, Goth. aleina, cubit. See
Ell.] (O. Eng. Law) Measurement
(of cloth) by the ell; also, a duty for such measurement.
Al"na*ger (#), n. [See
Alnage.] A measure by the ell; formerly a
sworn officer in England, whose duty was to inspect act measure
woolen cloth, and fix upon it a seal.
Al"oe (#), n.; pl.
Aloes (#). [L. alo\'89,
Gr. /, aloe: cf. OF. aloe, F.
alo\'8as.] 1. pl. The
wood of the agalloch. [Obs.]
Wyclif.
2. (Bot.) A genus of succulent plants,
some classed as trees, others as shrubs, but the greater number
having the habit and appearance of evergreen herbaceous plants;
from some of which are prepared articles for medicine and the
arts. They are natives of warm countries.
3. pl. (Med.) The inspissated
juice of several species of aloe, used as a purgative.
[Plural in form but syntactically singular.]
American aloe, Century
aloe, the agave. See Agave.
Al"oes wood` (#). See
Agalloch.
Al`o*et"ic (#), a. [Cf. F.
alo\'82tique.] Consisting chiefly of aloes;
of the nature of aloes.
Al`o*et"ic, n. A medicine containing
chiefly aloes.
A*loft" (?; 115), adv. [Pref.
a- + loft, which properly meant
air. See Loft.] 1. On
high; in the air; high above the ground. \'bdHe steers his
flight aloft.\'b8
Milton.
2. (Naut.) In the top; at the mast head,
or on the higher yards or rigging; overhead; hence (Fig. and
Colloq.), in or to heaven.
A*loft", prep. Above; on top of.
[Obs.]
Fresh waters run aloft the sea.
Holland.
A*lo"gi*an (#), n. [LL.
Alogiani, Alogii, fr. Gr. /; / priv. +
/ word.] (Eccl.) One of an ancient sect
who rejected St. John's Gospel and the Apocalypse, which speak of
Christ as the Logos.
Shipley.
Al"o*gy (#), n. [L.
alogia, Gr. /, fr. / priv. + / reason.]
Unreasonableness; absurdity. [Obs.]
Al"o*in (#), n. (Chem.)
A bitter purgative principle in aloes.
Al"o*man`cy (#), n. [Gr. /,
salt + -mancy: cf. F. alomancie,
halomancie.] Divination by means of
salt. [Spelt also halomancy.]
Morin.
A*lone" (#), a. [All
+ one. OE. al one all allone, AS. \'ben
one, alone. See All, One,
Lone.] 1. Quite by one's self; apart
from, or exclusive of, others; single; solitary; -- applied to a
person or thing.
Alone on a wide, wide sea.
Coleridge.
It is not good that the man should be alone.
Gen. ii. 18.
2. Of or by itself; by themselves; without any
thing more or any one else; without a sharer; only.
Man shall not live by bread alone.
Luke iv. 4.
The citizens alone should be at the expense.
Franklin.
3. Sole; only; exclusive. [R.]
God, by whose alone power and conversation we all
live, and move, and have our being.
Bentley.
4. Hence; Unique; rare; matchless.
Shak.
alone commonly follows its
noun.
To let or leave
alone, to abstain from interfering with or
molesting; to suffer to remain in its present state.
A*lone", adv. Solely; simply;
exclusively.
A*lone"ly, adv. Only; merely;
singly. [Obs.]
This said spirit was not given alonely unto him,
but unto all his heirs and posterity.
Latimer.
A*lone"ly, a. Exclusive.
[Obs.]
Fabyan.
A*lone"ness, n. A state of being alone,
or without company; solitariness. [R.]
Bp. Montagu.
A*long" (?; 115), adv. [OE.
along, anlong, AS. andlang,
along; pref. and- (akin to OFris.
ond-, OHG. ant-, Ger. ent-,
Goth. and-, anda-, L. ante, Gr.
/, Skr. anti, over against) + lang long.
See Long.] 1. By the length; in a
line with the length; lengthwise.
Some laid along . . . on spokes of wheels are
hung.
Dryden.
2. In a line, or with a progressive motion; onward;
forward.
We will go along by the king's highway.
Numb. xxi. 22.
He struck with his o'ertaking wings,
And chased us south along.
Coleridge.
3. In company; together.
He to England shall along with you.
Shak.
All along, all trough the course of; during
the whole time; throughout. \'bdI have all along
declared this to be a neutral paper.\'b8 Addison. --
To get along, to get on; to make progress, as in
business. \'bdShe 'll get along in heaven better than
you or I.\'b8 Mrs. Stowe.
A*long", prep. By the length of, as
distinguished from across. \'bdAlong
the lowly lands.\'b8
Dryden.
The kine . . . went along the highway.
1 Sam. vi. 12.
A*long". [AS. gelang owing to.]
(Now heard only in the prep. phrase along
of.)
Along of, Along on, often
shortened to Long of, prep. phr.,
owing to; on account of. [Obs. or Low.
Eng.] \'bdOn me is not along thin evil
fare.\'b8 Chaucer. \'bdAnd all this is long of
you.\'b8 Shak. \'bdThis increase of price is all
along of the foreigners.\'b8 London
Punch.
A*long"shore` (#), adv. Along
the shore or coast.
A*long"shore`man (#), n. See
Longshoreman.
A*long"side` (#), adv. Along or
by the side; side by side with; -- often with of;
as, bring the boat alongside; alongside of
him; alongside of the tree.
A*longst" (?; 115), prep. & adv.
[Formed fr. along, like amongst fr.
among.] Along. [Obs.]
A*loof" (#), n.
(Zo\'94l.) Same as Alewife.
A*loof", adv. [Pref. a- +
loof, fr. D. loef luff, and so meaning, as
a nautical word, to the windward. See Loof,
Luff.] 1. At or from a distance, but
within view, or at a small distance; apart; away.
Our palace stood aloof from streets.
Dryden.
2. Without sympathy; unfavorably.
To make the Bible as from the hand of God, and then to look at
it aloof and with caution, is the worst of all
impieties.
I. Taylor.
A*loof" (#), prep. Away from;
clear from. [Obs.]
Rivetus . . . would fain work himself aloof these
rocks and quicksands.
Milton.
A*loof"ness, n. State of being
aloof.
Rogers (1642).
The . . . aloofness of his dim forest life.
Thoreau.
{ \'d8Al`o*pe"ci*a (#),
A*lop"e*cy (#), } n. [L.
alopecia, Gr. /, fr. / fox, because loss of the
hair is common among foxes.] (med.) Loss of
the hair; baldness.
A*lop"e*cist (#), n. A
practitioner who tries to prevent or cure baldness.
A*lose" (#), v. t. [OE.
aloser.] To praise.
[Obs.]
A"lose (#), n. [F., fr. L.
alosa or alausa.]
(Zo\'94l.) The European shad (Clupea
alosa); -- called also allice shad or
allis shad. The name is sometimes applied to
the American shad (Clupea sapidissima). See
Shad.
\'d8Al`ou*atte" (#), n. [Of
uncertain origin.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the
several species of howling monkeys of South America. See
Howler, 2.
A*loud" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- + loud.] With a loud voice,
or great noise; loudly; audibly.
Cry aloud, spare not, lift up thy voice.
Isa. lviii. 1.
A*low" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- + low.] Below; in a lower
part. \'bdAloft, and then alow.\'b8
Dryden.
Alp (#), n. [L.
Alpes the Alps, said to be of Celtic origin; cf. Gael.
alp a high mountain, Ir. ailp any huge mass
or lump: cf. F. Alpes.] 1. A very
high mountain. Specifically, in the plural, the highest chain of
mountains in Europe, containing the lofty mountains of
Switzerland, etc.
Nor breath of vernal air from snowy alp.
Milton.
Hills peep o'er hills, and alps on alps
arise.
Pope.
2. Fig.: Something lofty, or massive, or very hard
to be surmounted.
Alps is sometimes used as
a singular. \'bdThe Alps doth spit.\'b8
Shak.
Alp, n. A bullfinch.
Rom. of R.
Al*pac"a (#), n. [Sp.
alpaca, fr. the original Peruvian name of the animal.
Cf. Paco.] 1. (Zo\'94l.)
An animal of Peru (Lama paco), having long, fine,
wooly hair, supposed by some to be a domesticated variety of the
llama.
2. Wool of the alpaca.
3. A thin kind of cloth made of the wooly hair of
the alpaca, often mixed with silk or with cotton.
Al"pen (#), a. Of or pertaining
to the Alps. [R.] \'bdThe Alpen
snow.\'b8
J. Fletcher.
\'d8Al"pen*stock` (#), n. [G.;
Alp, gen. pl. Alpen + stock stick.]
A long staff, pointed with iron, used in climbing the
Alps.
Cheever.
Al*pes"trine (#), a. [L.
Alpestris.] Pertaining to the Alps, or
other high mountains; as, Alpestrine diseases,
etc.
Al"pha (#), n. [L.
alpha, Gr. 'a`lfa, from Heb.
\'beleph, name of the first letter in the alphabet,
also meaning ox.] The first letter in the
Greek alphabet, answering to A, and hence used to denote the
beginning.
In am Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the end,
the first and the last.
Rev. xxii. 13.
Formerly used also denote the chief; as, Plato was
the alpha of the wits.
Al"pha*bet (#), n. [L.
alphabetum, fr. Gr. / + /, the first two Greek
letters; Heb. \'beleph and beth: cf. F.
alphabet.] 1. The letters of a
language arranged in the customary order; the series of letters
or signs which form the elements of written language.
2. The simplest rudiments; elements.
The very alphabet of our law.
Macaulay.
Deaf and dumb alphabet. See
Dactylology.
Al"pha*bet, v. t. To designate by the
letters of the alphabet; to arrange alphabetically.
[R.]
Al`pha*bet*a"ri*an (#), n. A
learner of the alphabet; an abecedarian.
Abp. Sancroft.
{ Al`pha*bet"ic (#),
Al`pha*bet"ic*al (#), } a.
[Cf. F. alphab\'82tique.] 1.
Pertaining to, furnished with, expressed by, or in the order
of, the letters of the alphabet; as, alphabetic
characters, writing, languages, arrangement.
2. Literal. [Obs.]
\'bdAlphabetical servility.\'b8
Milton.
Al`pha*bet"ic*al*ly, adv. In an
alphabetic manner; in the customary order of the letters.
Al`pha*bet"ics (#), n. The
science of representing spoken sounds by letters.
Al"pha*bet*ism (#), n. The
expression of spoken sounds by an alphabet.
Encyc. Brit.
Al"pha*bet*ize (#), v. t.
1. To arrange alphabetically; as, to
alphabetize a list of words.
2. To furnish with an alphabet.
Al-phit"o*man`cy (#), n. [Gr.
/ barley meal + -mancy: cf. F.
alphitomancie.] Divination by means of
barley meal.
Knowles.
<-- p. 44 -->
Al*phon"sine (#), a. Of or
relating to Alphonso X., the Wise, King of Castile
(1252-1284).
Alphonsine tables, astronomical tables
prepared under the patronage of Alphonso the Wise.
Whewell.
Al"pi*gene (#), a. [L.
Alpes Alps + -gen.] Growing in
Alpine regions.
Al"pine (#), a. [L.
Alpinus, fr. Alpes the Alps: cf. F.
Alpin.] 1. Of or pertaining to the
Alps, or to any lofty mountain; as, Alpine snows;
Alpine plants.
2. Like the Alps; lofty. \'bdGazing up an
Alpine height.\'b8
Tennyson.
Al"pin*ist (#), n. A climber of
the Alps.
{ Al"pist (#), Al"pi*a
(#), } n. [F.: cf. Sp. & Pg.
alpiste.] The seed of canary grass
(Phalaris Canariensis), used for feeding cage
birds.
\'d8Al"qui*fou (#), n. [Equiv.
to arquifoux, F. alquifoux, Sp.
alquif\'a2l, fr. the same Arabic word as
alcohol. See Alcohol.] A lead ore
found in Cornwall, England, and used by potters to give a green
glaze to their wares; potter's ore.
Al*read"y (#), adv.
[All (OE. al) +
ready.] Prior to some specified time,
either past, present, or future; by this time; previously.
\'bdJoseph was in Egypt already.\'b8
Exod. i. 5.
I say unto you, that Elias is come already.
Matt. xvii. 12.
already completed, or will have been
already completed.
Als (#), adv. 1.
Also. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
2. As. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Al*sa"tian (#), a. Pertaining
to Alsatia.
Al*sa"tian, n. An inhabitant of Alsatia
or Alsace in Germany, or of Alsatia or White Friars (a resort of
debtors and criminals) in London.
\'d8Al` se"gno (#). [It., to the mark or
sign.](Mus.) A direction for the performer
to return and recommence from the sign /.
Al"sike (#), n. [From
Alsike, in Sweden.] A species of clover
with pinkish or white flowers; Trifolium
hybridum.
Al"so (#), adv. & conj.
[All + so. OE. al so, AS.
ealsw\'be, alsw/, \'91lsw\'91;
eal, al, \'91l, all +
sw\'be so. See All, So,
As.] 1. In like manner;
likewise. [Obs.]
2. In addition; besides; as well; further;
too.
Lay up for yourselves treasures in heaven . . . for where your
treasure is, there will your heart be also.
Matt. vi. 20.
3. Even as; as; so. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Syn. -- Also, Likewise,
Too. These words are used by way of
transition, in leaving one thought and passing to
another. Also is the widest term. It denotes that what
follows is all so, or entirely like that which
preceded, or may be affirmed with the same truth; as, \'bdIf you
were there, I was there also;\'b8 \'bdIf our situation
has some discomforts, it has also many sources of
enjoyment.\'b8 Too is simply less formal and pointed
than also; it marks the transition with a lighter
touch; as, \'bdI was there too;\'b8 \'bda courtier yet
a patriot too.\'b8 Pope. Likewise
denotes literally \'bdin like manner,\'b8 and hence has been
thought by some to be more specific than also. \'bdIt
implies,\'b8 says Whately, \'bdsome connection or agreement
between the words it unites. We may say, \'bf He is a poet, and
likewise a musician; ' but we should not say, \'bf He
is a prince, and likewise a musician,'
because there is no natural connection between these
qualities.\'b8 This distinction, however, is often
disregarded.
Alt (#), a. & n. [See
Alto.] (Mus.) The higher part of
the scale. See Alto.
To be in alt, to be in an exalted state of
mind.
Al*ta"ian (#), Al*ta"ic
(#), a. [Cf. F.
alta\'8bque.] Of or pertaining to the
Altai, a mountain chain in Central Asia.
Al"tar (#), n. [OE.
alter, auter, autier, fr. L.
altare, pl. altaria, altar, prob. fr.
altus high: cf. OF. alter,
autier, F. autel. Cf.
Altitude.] 1. A raised structure (as
a square or oblong erection of stone or wood) on which sacrifices
are offered or incense burned to a deity.
Noah builded an altar unto the Lord.
Gen. viii. 20.
2. In the Christian church, a construction of
stone, wood, or other material for the celebration of the Holy
Eucharist; the communion table.
Altar is much used adjectively, or as the
first part of a compound; as, altar bread or
altar-bread.
Altar cloth or Altar-cloth, the cover
for an altar in a Christian church, usually richly
embroidered. -- Altar cushion, a cushion laid
upon the altar in a Christian church to support the service
book. -- Altar frontal. See
Frontal. -- Altar rail, the railing
in front of the altar or communion table. -- Altar
screen, a wall or partition built behind an altar to
protect it from approach in the rear. -- Altar
tomb, a tomb resembling an altar in shape, etc. --
Family altar, place of family devotions. --
To lead (as a bride) to the altar, to marry; --
said of a woman.
Al"tar*age (#), n. [Cf. OF.
auterage, autelage.] 1.
The offerings made upon the altar, or to a church.
2. The profit which accrues to the priest, by
reason of the altar, from the small tithes.
Shipley.
Al"tar*ist (#), n. [Cf. LL.
altarista, F. altariste.] (Old
Law) (a) A chaplain. (b)
A vicar of a church.
Al"tar*piece` (#), n. The
painting or piece of sculpture above and behind the altar;
reredos.
Al"tar*wise` (#), adv. In the
proper position of an altar, that is, at the east of a church
with its ends towards the north and south.
Shipley.
Alt*az"i*muth (#), n.
[Alltude + azimuth.]
(Astron.) An instrument for taking azimuths and
altitudes simultaneously.
Al"ter (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Altered
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Altering.] [F. alt\'82rer,
LL. alterare, fr. L. alter other,
alius other. Cf. Else, Other.]
1. To make otherwise; to change in some respect,
either partially or wholly; to vary; to modify. \'bdTo
alter the king's course.\'b8 \'bdTo alter
the condition of a man.\'b8 \'bdNo power in Venice can
alter a decree.\'b8
Shak.
It gilds all objects, but it alters none.
Pope.
My covenant will I not break, nor alter the thing
that is gone out of my lips.
Ps. lxxxix. 34.
2. To agitate; to affect mentally.
[Obs.]
Milton.
3. To geld. [Colloq.]
Syn. -- Change, Alter.
Change is generic and the stronger term. It may
express a loss of identity, or the substitution of one thing in
place of another; alter commonly expresses a partial
change, or a change in form or details without destroying
identity.
Al"ter, v. i. To become, in some
respects, different; to vary; to change; as, the weather
alters almost daily; rocks or minerals alter by
exposure. \'bdThe law of the Medes and Persians, which
altereth not.\'b8
Dan. vi. 8.
Al`ter*a*bil"i*ty (#), n. [Cf.
F. alt\'82rabilit\'82.] The quality of
being alterable; alterableness.
Al"ter*a*ble (#), a. [Cf. F.
alt\'82rable.] Capable of being
altered.
Our condition in this world is mutable and uncertain,
alterable by a thousand accidents.
Rogers.
Al"ter*a*ble*ness, n. The quality of
being alterable; variableness; alterability.
Al"ter*a*bly, adv. In an alterable
manner.
Al"ter*ant (#), a. [LL.
alterans, p. pr.: cf. F.
alt\'82rant.] Altering; gradually
changing.
Bacon.
Al"ter*ant, n. An alterative.
[R.]
Chambers.
Al`ter*a"tion (#), n. [Cf. F.
alt\'82ration.] 1. The act of
altering or making different.
Alteration, though it be from worse to better, hath
in it incoveniences.
Hooker.
2. The state of being altered; a change made in the
form or nature of a thing; changed condition.
Ere long might perceive
Strange alteration in me.
Milton.
Appius Claudius admitted to the senate the sons of those who
had been slaves; by which, and succeeding alterations,
that council degenerated into a most corrupt.
Swift.
Al"ter*a*tive (#), a. [L.
alterativus: cf. F. alt\'82ratif.]
Causing ateration. Specifically: Gradually
changing, or tending to change, a morbid state of the functions
into one of health.
Burton.
Al"ter*a*tive, n. A medicine or
treatment which gradually induces a change, and restores healthy
functions without sensible evacuations.
Al"ter*cate (#), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Altercated; p.
pr. & vb. n. Altercating.] [L.
altercatus, p. p. of altercare,
altercari, fr. alter another. See
Alter.] The contend in words; to dispute with
zeal, heat, or anger; to wrangle.
Al`ter*ca"tion (?; 277), n. [F.
altercation, fr. L. altercatio.]
Warm contention in words; dispute carried on with heat or
anger; controversy; wrangle; wordy contest. \'bdStormy
altercations.\'b8
Macaulay.
Syn. -- Altercation, Dispute,
Wrangle. The term dispute is in
most cases, but not necessarily, applied to a verbal contest;
as, a dispute on the lawfulness of war. An
altercation is an angry dispute between two parties,
involving an interchange of severe language. A wrangle
is a confused and noisy altercation.
Their whole life was little else than a perpetual
wrangling and altercation.
Hakewill.
Al"ter*ca*tive (#), a.
Characterized by wrangling; scolding.
[R.]
Fielding.
Al*ter"i*ty (#), n. [F.
alt\'82rit\'82.] The state or quality of
being other; a being otherwise. [R.]
For outness is but the feeling of otherness
(alterity) rendered intuitive, or alterity
visually represented.
Coleridge.
Al"tern (#), a. [L.
alternus, fr. alter another: cf. F.
alterne.] Acting by turns; alternate.
Milton.
Altern base (Trig.), a second side
made base, in distinction from a side previously regarded as
base.
Al*ter"na*cy (#), n.
Alternateness; alternation. [R.]
Mitford.
Al*ter"nant (#), a. [L.
alternans, p. pr.: cf. F. alternant. See
Alternate, v. t.] (Geol.)
Composed of alternate layers, as some rocks.
Al*ter"nate (?; 277), a. [L.
alternatus, p. p. of alternate, fr.
alternus. See Altern, Alter.]
1. Being or succeeding by turns; one following the
other in succession of time or place; by turns first one and then
the other; hence, reciprocal.
And bid alternate passions fall and rise.
Pope.
2. Designating the members in a series, which
regularly intervene between the members of another series, as the
odd or even numbers of the numerals; every other; every second;
as, the alternate members 1, 3, 5, 7, etc. ;
read every alternate line.
3. (Bot.) Distributed, as leaves, singly
at different heights of the stem, and at equal intervals as
respects angular divergence.
Gray.
Alternate alligation. See
Alligation. -- Alternate angles
(Geom.), the internal and angles made by two lines
with a third, on opposite sides of it. It the parallels AB, CD,
are cut by the line EF, the angles AGH, GHD, as also the angles
BGH and GHC, are called alternate angles. --
Alternate generation. (Biol.) See under
Generation.
Al*ter"nate (?; 277), n. 1.
That which alternates with something else;
vicissitude. [R.]
Grateful alternates of substantial.
Prior.
2. A substitute; one designated to take the place
of another, if necessary, in performing some duty.
3. (Math.) A proportion derived from
another proportion by interchanging the means.
Al"ter*nate (?; 277), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Alternated; p.
pr. & vb. n. Alternating.] [L.
alternatus, p. p. of alternare. See
Altern.] To perform by turns, or in
succession; to cause to succeed by turns; to interchange
regularly.
The most high God, in all things appertaining unto this life,
for sundry wise ends alternates the disposition of
good and evil.
Grew.
Al"ter*nate, v. i. 1. To
happen, succeed, or act by turns; to follow reciprocally in place
or time; -- followed by with; as, the flood and
ebb tides alternate with each other.
Rage, shame, and grief alternate in his breast.
J. Philips.
Different species alternating with each other.
Kirwan.
2. To vary by turns; as, the land
alternates between rocky hills and sandy
plains.
Al*ter"nate*ly (#), adv. 1.
In reciprocal succession; succeeding by turns; in alternate
order.
2. (Math.) By alternation; when, in a
proportion, the antecedent term is compared with antecedent, and
consequent.
Al*ter"nate*ness, n. The quality of
being alternate, or of following by turns.
Al`ter*na"tion (#), n. [L.
alternatio: cf. F. alternation.]
1. The reciprocal succession of things in time or
place; the act of following and being followed by turns;
alternate succession, performance, or occurrence; as, the
alternation of day and night, cold and heat, summer and
winter, hope and fear.
2. (Math.) Permutation.
3. The response of the congregation speaking
alternately with the minister.
Mason.
Alternation of generation. See under
Generation.
Al*ter"na*tive (#), a. [Cf. F.
alternatif.] 1. Offering a choice
of two things.
2. Disjunctive; as, an alternative
conjunction.
3. Alternate; reciprocal. [Obs.]
Holland.
Al*ter"na*tive, n. [Cf. F.
alternative, LL. alternativa.]
1. An offer of two things, one of which may be
chosen, but not both; a choice between two things, so that if one
is taken, the other must be left.
There is something else than the mere alternative
of absolute destruction or unreformed existence.
Burke.
2. Either of two things or propositions offered to
one's choice. Thus when two things offer a choice of
one only, the two things are called
alternatives.
Having to choose between two alternatives, safety
and war, you obstinately prefer the worse.
Jowett (Thucyd. ).
3. The course of action or the thing offered in
place of another.
If this demand is refused the alternative is
war.
Lewis.
With no alternative but death.
Longfellow.
4. A choice between more than two things; one of
several things offered to choose among.
My decided preference is for the fourth and last of th//
alternatives.
Gladstone.
Al*ter"na*tive*ly, adv. In the manner of
alternatives, or that admits the choice of one out of two
things.
Al*ter"na*tive*ness, n. The quality of
being alternative, or of offering a choice between two.
Al*ter"ni*ty (#), n. [LL.
alternitas.] Succession by turns;
alternation. [R.]
Sir T. Browne.
{ \'d8Al*th\'91"a, \'d8Al*the"a }
(#), n. [althaea, Gr. /.]
(Bot.) (a) A genus of plants of the
Mallow family. It includes the officinal marsh mallow, and the
garden hollyhocks. (b) An ornamental shrub
(Hibiscus Syriacus) of the Mallow family.
Al*the"ine (#), n.
(Chem.) Asparagine.
Al*tho" (#), conj.
Although. [Reformed spelling]
Alt"horn` (#), n. [Alt +
horn.] (Mus.) An instrument of
the saxhorn family, used exclusively in military music, often
replacing the French horn.
Grove.
Al*though" (#), conj.
[All + though; OE. al
thagh.] Grant all this; be it that; supposing
that; notwithstanding; though.
Although all shall be offended, yet will no I.
Mark xiv. 29.
Syn. -- Although, Though.
Although, which originally was perhaps more emphatic
than though, is now interchangeable with it in the
sense given above. Euphonic consideration determines the
choice.
Al*til"o*quence (#), n. Lofty
speech; pompous language. [R.]
Bailey.
Al*til"o*quent (#), a. [L.
altus (adv. alte) high +
loquens, p. pr. of loqui to speak.]
High-sounding; pompous in speech. [R.]
Bailey.
Al*tim"e*ter (#), n. [LL.
altimeter; altus high + metrum,
Gr. /, measure: cf. F. altim\'8atre.] An
instrument for taking altitudes, as a quadrant, sextant,
etc.
Knight.
Al*tim"e*try (#), n. [Cf. F.
altim\'82trie.] The art of measuring
altitudes, or heights.
Al*tin"car (#), n. See
Tincal.
Al"ti*scope (#), n. [L.
altus high + Gr. / to view.] An
arrangement of lenses and mirrors which enables a person to see
an object in spite of intervening objects.
<-- p. 45 -->
Al*tis"o*nant (#), a. [L.
altus high + sonans, p. pr. of
sonare to sound.] High-sounding; lofty or
pompous.
Skelton.
Al*tis"o*nous (#), a. [L.
altisonus.] Altisonant.
\'d8Al*tis"si*mo (#), n. [It.;
superl. of alto.] (Mus.) The
part or notes situated above F in alt.
Al"ti*tude (#), n. [L.
altitudo, fr. altus high. Cf.
Altar, Haughty, Enhance.]
1. Space extended upward; height; the perpendicular
elevation of an object above its foundation, above the ground, or
above a given level, or of one object above another; as, the
altitude of a mountain, or of a bird above the top of a
tree.
2. (Astron.) The elevation of a point,
or star, or other celestial object, above the horizon, measured
by the arc of a vertical circle intercepted between such point
and the horizon. It is either true or
apparent; true when measured from the
rational or real horizon, apparent when
from the sensible or apparent horizon.
3. (Geom.) The perpendicular distance
from the base of a figure to the summit, or to the side parallel
to the base; as, the altitude of a triangle,
pyramid, parallelogram, frustum, etc.
4. Height of degree; highest point or degree.
He is [proud] even to the altitude of his
virtue.
Shak.
5. Height of rank or excellence; superiority.
Swift.
6. pl. Elevation of spirits; heroics;
haughty airs. [Colloq.]
Richardson.
The man of law began to get into his altitude.
Sir W. Scott.
Meridian altitude, an arc of the meridian
intercepted between the south point on the horizon and any point
on the meridian. See Meridian, 3.
Al`ti*tu"di*nal (#), a. Of or
pertaining to height; as, altitudinal
measurements.
Al`ti*tu`di*na"ri*an (#), a.
Lofty in doctrine, aims, etc. [R.]
Coleridge.
Al*tiv"o*lant (#), a. [L.
altivolans. See Volant.] Flying
high. [Obs.]
Blount.
Al"to (#), n.; pl.
Altos (#). [It. alto
high, fr. L. altus. Cf. Alt.]
1. (Mus.) Formerly the part sung by the
highest male, or counter-tenor, voices; now the part sung by the
lowest female, or contralto, voices, between in tenor and
soprano. In instrumental music it now signifies the
tenor.
2. An alto singer.
Alto clef (Mus.) the counter-tenor
clef, or the C clef, placed so that the two strokes include the
middle line of the staff.
Moore.
Al`to*geth"er (#), adv.
[OE. altogedere; al all +
togedere together. See Together.]
1. All together; conjointly.
[Obs.]
Altogether they wen/ at once.
Chaucer.
2. Without exception; wholly; completely.
Every man at his best state is altogether
vanity.
Ps. xxxix. 5.
Al*tom"e*ter (#), n. [L.
altus high + -meter.] A
theodolite.
Knight.
Al"to-re*lie"vo (#), n.
Alto-rilievo.
\'d8Al"to-ri*lie*vo (#), n.;
pl. Alto-rilievos (#).
[It.] (Sculp.) High relief; sculptured
work in which the figures project more than half their thickness;
as, this figure is an alto-rilievo or in
alto-rilievo.
mezzo-rilievo, demi-rilievo, or medium
relief; when its projection is less than one half,
basso-rilievo, bas-relief, or low
relief.
Al"tri*cal (#), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Like the articles.
\'d8Al*tri"ces (#), n. pl. [L.,
nourishes, pl. of altrix.] (Zo\'94l.)
Nursers, -- a term applied to those birds whose young are
hatched in a very immature and helpless condition, so as to
require the care of their parents for some time; -- opposed to
pr\'91coces.
Al"tru*ism (#), n. [F.
altruisme (a word of Comte's), It. altrui
of or to others, fr. L. alter another.]
Regard for others, both natural and moral; devotion to the
interests of others; brotherly kindness; -- opposed to
egoism or selfishness.
[Recent]
J. S. Mill.
Al"tru*ist, n. One imbued with altruism;
-- opposed to egoist.
Al`tru*is"tic (#), a. [Cf. F.
altruiste, a. See Altruism..]
Regardful of others; beneficent; unselfish; -- opposed to
egoistic or selfish. Bain.
-- Al`tru*is"tic*al*ly,
adv.
Al"u*del (#), n. [F. & Sp.
aludel, fr. Ar. aluth\'bel.]
(Chem.) One of the pear-shaped pots open at both
ends, and so formed as to be fitted together, the neck of one
into the bottom of another in succession; -- used in the process
of sublimation.
Ure.
\'d8Al"u*la (#), n. [NL., dim.
of L. ala a wing.] (Zo\'94l.) A
false or bastard wing. See under Bastard.
Al"u*lar (#), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to the alula.
Al"um (#), n. [OE.
alum, alom, OF. alum, F.
alun, fr. L. alumen alum.]
(Chem.) A double sulphate formed of aluminium and
some other element (esp. an alkali metal) or of aluminium. It has
twenty-four molecules of water of crystallization.
alum is the double sulphate of
aluminium and potassium. It is white, transparent, very
astringent, and crystallizes easily in octahedrons. The term is
extended so as to include other double sulphates similar to alum
in formula.
Al"um (#), v. t. To steep in,
or otherwise impregnate with, a solution of alum; to treat with
alum.
Ure.
\'d8A*lu"men (#), n. [L.]
(Chem.) Alum.
A*lu"mi*na (#), n. [L.
alumen, aluminis. See Alum.]
(Chem.) One of the earths, consisting of two
parts of aluminium and three of oxygen,
Al2O3.
<-- obtained commercially from the mineral bauxite, mined in
large quantities. -->
A*lu`mi*nate (#), n.
(Chem.) A compound formed from the hydrate of
aluminium by the substitution of a metal for the hydrogen.
A*lu"mi*na`ted (#). a. Combined
with alumina.
Al"u*mine (#), n. [F.]
Alumina.
Davy.
Al`u*min"ic (#), a. Of or
containing aluminium; as, aluminic
phosphate.
A*lu`mi*nif"er*ous (#), a. [L.
alumen alum + -ferous: cf. F.
aluminif\'8are.] Containing alum.
A*lu"mi*ni*form (#), a. [L.
alumen + -form.] pertaining the form of
alumina.
Al`u*min"i*um (#), n. [L.
alumen. See Alum.] (Chem.)
The metallic base of alumina. This metal is white, but with
a bluish tinge, and is remarkable for its resistance to
oxidation, and for its lightness, pertaining a specific gravity
of about 2.6. Atomic weight 27.08. Symbol Al.
Aluminium bronze or gold,
a pale gold-colored alloy of aluminium and copper, used for
journal bearings, etc.
A*lu"mi*nize (#), v. t. To
treat impregnate with alum; to alum.
A*lu"mi*nous (#), a. [L.
aluminosus, fr. alumen alum: cf. F.
alumineux.] Pertaining to or containing
alum, or alumina; as, aluminous minerals,
aluminous solution.
A*lu"mi*num (#), n. See
Aluminium.
Al"um*ish (#), a. Somewhat like
alum.
\'d8A*lum"na (#), n. fem.; pl.
Alumn\'91 (#) . [L. See
Alumnus.] A female pupil; especially, a
graduate of a school or college.
\'d8A*lum"nus (#), n.; pl.
Alumni (#). [L., fr.
alere to nourish.] A pupil; especially, a
graduate of a college or other seminary of learning.
Al"um root` (#). (Bot.) A North
American herb (Heuchera Americana) of the Saxifrage
family, whose root has astringent properties.
{ Al"um schist" (#), Al"um shale"
(#), } (Min.) A variety of shale
or clay slate, containing iron pyrites, the decomposition of
which leads to the formation of alum, which often effloresces on
the rock.
Al"um stone` (#). (Min.) A
subsulphate of alumina and potash; alunite.
Al"u*nite (#), n. (Min.)
Alum stone.
A*lu"no*gen (#), n. [F.
alun alum + -gen.] (Min.)
A white fibrous mineral frequently found on the walls of
mines and quarries, chiefly hydrous sulphate of alumina; -- also
called feather alum, and hair salt.
Al"ure (#), n. [OF.
alure, aleure, walk, gait, fr.
aler (F. aller) to go.] A walk
or passage; -- applied to passages of various kinds.
The sides of every street were covered with fresh
alures of marble.
T. Warton.
Al"u*ta"ceous (#), a. [L.
alutacius, fr. aluta soft leather.]
1. Leathery.
2. Of a pale brown color; leather-yellow.
Brande.
Al`u*ta"tion (#), n. [See
Alutaceous.] The tanning or dressing of
leather. [Obs.]
Blount.
Al"ve*a*ry (#), n.; pl.
Alvearies (#). [L.
alvearium, alveare, beehive, fr.
alveus a hollow vessel, beehive, from alvus
belly, beehive.] 1. A beehive, or something
resembling a beehive.
Barret.
2. (Anat.) The hollow of the external
ear.
Quincy.
Al"ve*a`ted (#), a. [L.
alveatus hollowed out.] Formed or vaulted
like a beehive.
Al"ve*o*lar (?; 277), a. [L.
alveolus a small hollow or cavity: cf. F.
alv\'82olaire.] (Anat.) Of,
pertaining to, or resembling, alveoli or little cells, sacs, or
sockets.
Alveolar processes, the processes of the
maxillary bones, containing the sockets of the teeth.
Al"ve*o*la*ry (#), a.
Alveolar. [R.]
Al"ve*o*late (#), a. [L.
alveolatus, fr. alveolus.]
(Bot.) Deeply pitted, like a honeycomb.
Al"ve*ole (#), n. Same as
Alveolus.
Al*ve"o*li*form (#), a. [L.
alvelous + -form.] Having the form of
alveoli, or little sockets, cells, or cavities.
\'d8Al*ve"o*lus (#), n.; pl.
Alveoli (#). [L., a small hollow
or cavity, dim. of alveus: cf. F.
alv\'82ole. See Alveary.] 1.
A cell in a honeycomb.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A small cavity in a coral,
shell, or fossil
3. (Anat.) A small depression, sac, or
vesicle, as the socket of a tooth, the air cells of the lungs,
the ultimate saccules of glands, etc.
\'d8Al"ve*us (#), n.; pl.
Alvei (#). [L.] The
channel of a river.
Weate.
Al"vine (#), a. [L.
alvus belly: cf. F. alvin.] Of,
from, in, or pertaining to, the belly or the intestines; as,
alvine discharges; alvine
concretions.
Al"way (#), adv. Always.
[Archaic or Poetic]
I would not live alway.
Job vii. 16.
Al"ways (#), adv.
[All + way. The s is an
adverbial (orig. a genitive) ending.] 1. At
all times; ever; perpetually; throughout all time; continually;
as, God is always the same.
Even in Heaven his [Mammon's] looks and thoughts.
Milton.
2. Constancy during a certain period, or regularly
at stated intervals; invariably; uniformly; -- opposed to
sometimes or occasionally.
He always rides a black galloway.
Bulwer.
\'d8A*lys"sum (#), n. [NL., fr.
Gr. /, name of a plant, perh. fr. / priv. + / raging
madness.] (Bot.) A genus of cruciferous
plants; madwort. The sweet alyssum (A.
maritimum), cultivated for bouquets, bears small, white,
sweet-scented flowers.
Am (#). [AS. am,
eom, akin to Gothic im, Icel.
em, Olr. am, Lith. esmi, L.
sum., Gr. /, Zend ahmi, Skr.
asmi, fr. a root as to be. /. See
Are, and cf. Be, Was.] The
first person singular of the verb be, in the
indicative mode, present tense. See Be.
God said unto Moses, I am that am.
Exod. iii. 14.
Am`a*bil"i*ty (#), n. [L.
amabilitas.] Lovableness.
Jer. Taylor.
Amiability.\'b8
Am`a*crat"ic (#), a. [Gr. /
together + / power.] (Photog.)
Amasthenic.
Sir J. Herschel.
\'d8Am`a*da*vat" (#), n.
[Indian name. From Ahmedabad, a city from which
it was imported to Europe.] (Zo\'94l.) The
strawberry finch, a small Indian song bird (Estrelda
amandava), commonly caged and kept for fighting. The female
is olive brown; the male, in summer, mostly crimson; -- called
also red waxbill. [Written also
amaduvad and avadavat.]
Am"a*dou (#), n. [F.
amadou tinder, prop. lure, bait, fr.
amadouer to allure, caress, perh. fr. Icel.
mata to feed, which is akin to E.
meat.] A spongy, combustible substance,
prepared from fungus (Boletus and
Polyporus) which grows on old trees; German tinder;
punk. It has been employed as a styptic by surgeons, but its
common use is as tinder, for which purpose it is prepared by
soaking it in a strong solution of niter.
Ure.
A*main" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- + main. See 2d Main,
n.] 1. With might; with full
force; vigorously; violently; exceedingly.
They on the hill, which were not yet come to blows, perceiving
the fewness of their enemies, came down amain.
Milton.
That striping giant, ill-bred and scoffing, shouts
amain.
T. Parker.
2. At full speed; in great haste; also, at
once. \'bdThey fled amain.\'b8
Holinshed.
A*main", v. t. [F. amener.
See Amenable.] (Naut.) To lower,
as a sail, a yard, etc.
A*main", v. i. (Naut.) To
lower the topsail, in token of surrender; to yield.
A*mal"gam (#), n. [F.
amalgame, prob. fr. L. malagma, Gr. /,
emollient, plaster, poultice, fr. / to make soft, fr. /
soft.] 1. An alloy of mercury with another
metal or metals; as, an amalgam of tin, bismuth,
etc.
2. A mixture or compound of different things.
3. (Min.) A native compound of mercury
and silver.
A*mal"gam, v. t. / i. [Cf. F.
amalgamer] To amalgamate.
Boyle. B. Jonson.
\'d8A*mal"ga*ma (#), n. Same as
Amalgam.
They divided this their amalgama into a number of
incoherent republics.
Burke.
A*mal"ga*mate (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Amalgamated; p.
pr. & vb. n. Amalgamating.]
1. To compound or mix, as quicksilver, with another
metal; to unite, combine, or alloy with mercury.
2. To mix, so as to make a uniform compound; to
unite or combine; as, to amalgamate two races; to
amalgamate one race with another.
Ingratitude is indeed their four cardinal virtues compacted
and amalgamated into one.
Burke.
A*mal"ga*mate, v. i. 1. To
unite in an amalgam; to blend with another metal, as
quicksilver.
2. To coalesce, as a result of growth; to combine
into a uniform whole; to blend; as, two organs or parts
amalgamate.
{ A*mal"ga*mate (#),
A*mal"ga*ma`ted (#), } a.
Coalesced; united; combined.
A*mal`ga*ma"tion (#), n. [Cf.
F. amalgamation.] 1. The act or
operation of compounding mercury with another metal; -- applied
particularly to the process of separating gold and silver from
their ores by mixing them with mercury.
Ure.
2. The mixing or blending of different elements,
races, societies, etc.; also, the result of such combination or
blending; a homogeneous union.
Macaulay.
A*mal"ga*ma*tive (#), a.
Characterized by amalgamation.
A*mal"ga*ma`tor (#), n. One
who, or that which, amalgamates. Specifically: A machine for
separating precious metals from earthy particles by bringing them
in contact with a body of mercury with which they form an
amalgam.
A*mal"ga*mize (#), v. t. To
amalgamate. [R.]
A*man"dine (#), n. [F.
amande almond. See Almond.] 1.
The vegetable casein of almonds.
2. A kind of cold cream prepared from almonds, for
chapped hands, etc.
A*man"i*tine (#), n. [Gr. / a
sort of fungus.] The poisonous principle of some
fungi.
A*man`u*en"sis (#), n.; pl.
Amanuenses (#). [L., fr.
a, ab + manus hand.]
A person whose employment is to write what another dictates,
or to copy what another has written.
\'d8A*mar"a*cus (#), n. [L.,
fr. Gr. /.] A fragrant flower.
Tennyson.
Am"a*rant (#), n. Amaranth,
1. [Obs.]
Milton.
Am`a*ran*ta"ceous (#), a.
(Bot.) Of, pertaining to, or resembling, the
family of plants of which the amaranth is the type.
Am"a*ranth (#), n. [L.
amarantus, Gr. /, unfading, amaranth; / priv. +
/ to quench, cause to wither, fr. a root meaning to die, akin
to E. mortal; -- so called because its flowers do not
soon wither: cf. F. amarante. The spelling with
th seems to be due to confusion with Gr. /
flower.] 1. An imaginary flower supposed
never to fade. [Poetic]
2. (Bot.) A genus of ornamental annual
plants (Amaranthus) of many species, with green,
purplish, or crimson flowers.
2. A color inclining to purple.
Am`a*ran"thine (#), a. 1.
Of or pertaining to amaranth.
\'bdAmaranthine bowers.\'b8
Pope.
<-- p. 46 -->
2. Unfading, as the poetic amaranth; undying.
They only amaranthine flower on earth
Is virtue.
Cowper.
3. Of a purplish color.
Buchanan.
{ Am`a*ran"thus (#), \'d8
Am`a*ran"tus (#), } n.
Same as Amaranth.
Am"a*rine (#), n. [L.
amarus bitter.] (Chem.) A
characteristic crystalline substance, obtained from oil of bitter
almonds.
A*mar"i*tude (#), n. [L.
amaritudo, fr. amarus bitter: cf. OF.
amaritude.] Bitterness.
[R.]
{ Am`a*ryl`li*da"ceous (#),
Am`a*ryl*lid"e*ous (#), } a.
(Bot.) Of, pertaining to, or resembling, an order
of plants differing from the lily family chiefly in having the
ovary below the /etals. The narcissus and daffodil are members
of this family.
\'d8Am`a*ryl"lis (#), n. [L.
Amaryllis, Gr. /, /, the name of a country girl in
Theocritus and Virgil.] 1. A pastoral
sweetheart.
To sport with Amaryllis in the shade.
Milton.
2. (bot.) (a) A family of
plants much esteemed for their beauty, including the narcissus,
jonquil, daffodil, agave, and others. (b) A
genus of the same family, including the Belladonna lily.
A*mass" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Amassed
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Amassing.] [F. ambusher, LL.
amassare; L. ad + massa lump, mass. See
Mass.] To collect into a mass or heap; to
gather a great quantity of; to accumulate; as, to
amass a treasure or a fortune; to amass words
or phrases.
The life Homer has been written by amassing all the
traditions and hints the writers could meet with.
Pope.
Syn. -- To accumulate; heap up; pile.
A*mass", n. [OF. amasse, fr.
ambusher.] A mass; a heap.
[Obs.]
Sir H. Wotton.
A*mass"a*ble (#), a. Capable of
being amassed.
A*mass"er (#), n. One who
amasses.
\'d8A`mas`sette" (#), n. [F.
See Amass.] An instrument of horn used for
collecting painters' colors on the stone in the process of
grinding.
A*mass"ment (#), n. [Cf. OF.
amassement.] An amassing; a heap collected;
a large quantity or number brought together; an
accumulation.
An amassment of imaginary conceptions.
Glanvill.
Am`as*then"ic (#), a. [Gr. /
together + / force.] (Photog.) Uniting
the chemical rays of light into one focus, as a certain kind of
lens; amacratic.
A*mate" (#), v. t. [OF.
amater, amatir.] To dismay; to
dishearten; to daunt. [Obs. or Archaic]
The Silures, to amate the new general, rumored the
overthrow greater than was true.
Milton.
A*mate", v. t. [Pref. a- +
mate.] To be a mate to; to match.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
Am`a*teur" (#), n. [F., fr. L.
amator lover, fr. amare to love.]
A person attached to a particular pursuit, study, or science
as to music or painting; esp. one who cultivates any study or
art, from taste or attachment, without pursuing it
professionally.
Am`a*teur"ish, a. In the style of an
amateur; superficial or defective like the work of an
amateur. -- Am`a*teur"ish*ly,
adv. -- Am`a*teur"ish*ness,
n.
Am"a*teur*ism (#), n. The
practice, habit, or work of an amateur.
Am"a*teur`ship, n. The quality or
character of an amateur.
Am"a*tive (#), a. [L.
amatus, p. p. of amare to love.]
Full of love; amatory.
Am"a*tive*ness, n. (Phren.)
The faculty supposed to influence sexual desire; propensity
to love.
Combe.
Am`a*to"ri*al (#), a. [See
Amatorious.] Of or pertaining to a lover or
to love making; amatory; as, amatorial
verses.
Am`a*to"ri*al*ly, adv. In an amatorial
manner.
Am`a*to"ri*an (#), a.
Amatory. [R.]
Johnson.
Am`a*to"ri*ous (#), a. [L.
amatorius, fr. amare to love.]
Amatory. [Obs.] \'bdAmatorious
poem.\'b8
Milton.
Am"a*to*ry (#), a. Pertaining
to, producing, or expressing, sexual love; as,
amatory potions.
\'d8Am`au*ro"sis (#), n. [Gr.
/, fr. / dark, dim.] (Med.) A loss or
decay of sight, from loss of power in the optic nerve, without
any perceptible external change in the eye; -- called also
gutta serena, the \'bddrop
serene\'b8 of Milton.
Am`au*rot"ic (#), a. Affected
with amaurosis; having the characteristics of amaurosis.
A*maze" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Amazed (#);
p. pr. & vb. n. Amazing.]
[Pref. a- + maze.] 1.
To bewilder; to stupefy; to bring into a maze.
[Obs.]
A labyrinth to amaze his foes.
Shak.
2. To confound, as by fear, wonder, extreme
surprise; to overwhelm with wonder; to astound; to astonish
greatly. \'bdAmazing Europe with her wit.\'b8
Goldsmith.
And all the people were amazed, and said, Is not
this the son of David?
Matt. xii. 23.
Syn. -- To astonish; astound; confound; bewilder; perplex;
surprise. -- Amaze, Astonish.
Amazement includes the notion of bewilderment of
difficulty accompanied by surprise. It expresses a state in which
one does not know what to do, or to say, or to think. Hence we
are amazed at what we can not in the least account
for. Astonishment also implies surprise. It expresses
a state in which one is stunned by the vastness or
greatness of something, or struck with some degree of horror, as
when one is overpowered by the /normity of an act, etc.
A*maze", v. i. To be astounded.
[Archaic]
B. Taylor.
A*maze", v. t. Bewilderment, arising
from fear, surprise, or wonder; amazement. [Chiefly
poetic]
The wild, bewildered
Of one to stone converted by amaze.
Byron.
A*maz"ed*ly (#), adv. In
amazement; with confusion or astonishment.
Shak.
A*maz"ed*ness, n. The state of being
amazed, or confounded with fear, surprise, or wonder.
Bp. Hall.
A*maze"ful (#), a. Full of
amazement. [R.]
A*maze"ment (#), n. 1.
The condition of being amazed; bewilderment
[Obs.]; overwhelming wonder, as from surprise,
sudden fear, horror, or admiration.
His words impression left
Of much amazement.
Milton.
2. Frenzy; madness. [Obs.]
Webster (1661).
A*maz"ing (#), a. Causing
amazement; very wonderful; as, amazing
grace. -- A*maz"ing*ly,
adv.
Am"a*zon (#), n. [L., fr. Gr.
/.] 1. One of a fabulous race of female
warriors in Scythia; hence, a female warrior.
2. A tall, strong, masculine woman; a virago.
3. (Zo\'94l.) A name numerous species of
South American parrots of the genus Chrysotis
Amazon ant (Zo\'94l.), a species of
ant (Polyergus rufescens), of Europe and America. They
seize by conquest the larv\'91 and nymphs other species and make
slaves of them in their own nests.
Am`a*zo"ni*an (#), a. 1.
Pertaining to or resembling an Amazon; of masculine manners;
warlike.
Shak.
2. Of or pertaining to the river Amazon in South
America, or to its valley.
{ Am"a*zon*ite (#), Am"a*zon
stone` (#), } n. [Named from
the river Amazon.] (Min.) A
variety of feldspar, having a verdigris-green color.
Amb-, Am*bi-. [L. prefix
ambi-, amb-, akin to Gr. /, Skr.
abhi, AS. embe, emb, OHG.
umbi, umpi, G. um, and also L.
ambo both. Cf. Amphi-, Both,
By.] A prefix meaning about,
around; -- used in words derived from the Latin.
\'d8Am*ba"ges (#), n. pl. [L.
(usually in pl.); pref. ambi-, amb- +
agere to drive: cf. F. ambage.]
A circuit; a winding. Hence: Circuitous way or proceeding;
quibble; circumlocution; indirect mode of speech.
After many ambages, perspicuously define what this
melancholy is.
Burton.
Am*bag"i*nous (#), a.
Ambagious. [R.]
Am*ba"gious (#), a. [L.
ambagiosus.] Circumlocutory;
circuitous. [R.]
Am*bag"i*to*ry (#), a.
Ambagious. [R.]
Am"bas*sade (#), Em"bas*sade
(#), n. [F. ambassade.
See Embassy.] 1. The mission of an
ambassador. [Obs.]
Carew.
2. An embassy. [Obs.]
Strype.
Am*bas"sa*dor (#), Em*bas"sa*dor
(#), n. [See
Embassador.] 1. A minister of the
highest rank sent a foreign court to represent there his
sovereign or country.
Ambassador are either ordinary
[or resident] or extraordinary, that is,
sent upon some special or unusual occasion or errand.
Abbott.
2. An official messenger and representative.
Am*bas`sa*do"ri*al (#), a. Of
or pertaining to an ambassador.
H. Walpole.
Am*bas`sa*dor*ship (#), n. The
state, office, or functions of an ambassador.
Am*bas"sa*dress (#), n. A
female ambassador; also, the wife of an ambassador.
Prescott.
Am"bas*sage (#), n. Same as
Embassage. [Obs. or R.]
Luke xiv. 32.
Am"bas*sy (#), n. See
Embassy, the usual spelling.
Helps.
Am"ber, n. [OE. aumbre, F.
ambre, Sp. \'a0mbar, and with the Ar.
article, al\'a0mbar, fr. Ar. 'anbar
ambergris.] 1. (Min.) A yellowish
translucent resin resembling copal, found as a fossil in alluvial
soils, with beds of lignite, or on the seashore in many places.
It takes a fine polish, and is used for pipe mouthpieces, beads,
etc., and as a basis for a fine varnish. By friction, it becomes
strongly electric.
2. Amber color, or anything amber-colored; a clear
light yellow; as, the amber of the sky.
3. Ambergris. [Obs.]
You that smell of amber at my charge.
Beau. & Fl.
4. The balsam, liquidambar.
Black amber, and old and popular name for
jet.
Am"ber, a. 1. Consisting of
amber; made of amber. \'bdAmber bracelets.\'b8
Shak.
2. Resembling amber, especially in color;
amber-colored. \'bdThe amber morn.\'b8
Tennyson.
Am"ber, v. t. [p. p. & p.
a. Ambered .] 1. To
scent or flavor with ambergris; as, ambered
wine.
2. To preserve in amber; as, an
ambered fly.
Am"ber fish (#). (Zo\'94l.) A
fish of the southern Atlantic coast (Seriola
Carolinensis.)
Am"ber*grease (#), n. See
Ambergris.
Am"ber*gris (#), n. [F.
ambre gris, i. e., gray amber; F. gris
gray, which is of German origin: cf. OS. gr\'8cs, G.
greis, gray-haired. See Amber.] A
substance of the consistence of wax, found floating in the Indian
Ocean and other parts of the tropics, and also as a morbid
secretion in the intestines of the sperm whale (Physeter
macrocephalus), which is believed to be in all cases its
true origin. In color it is white, ash-gray, yellow, or black,
and often variegated like marble. The floating masses are
sometimes from sixty to two hundred and twenty-five pounds in
weight. It is wholly volatilized as a white vapor at 212
Dana.
Am"ber seed` (#). Seed of the
Hibiscus abelmoschus, somewhat resembling millet,
brought from Egypt and the West Indies, and having a flavor like
that of musk; musk seed.
Chambers.
Am"ber tree` (#). A species of
Anthospermum, a shrub with evergreen leaves, which,
when bruised, emit a fragrant odor.
Ambes"-as (#), n.
Ambs-ace. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Am"bi*dex"ter (#), a. [LL., fr.
L. ambo both + dexter right,
dextra (sc. manus) the right hand.]
Using both hands with equal ease.
Smollett.
Am`bi*dex"ter, n. 1. A person
who uses both hands with equal facility.
2. Hence; A double-dealer; one equally ready to act
on either side in party disputes.
The rest are hypocrites, ambidexters, so many
turning pictures -- a lion on one side, a lamb on the other.
Burton.
3. (Law) A juror who takes money from
both parties for giving his verdict.
Cowell.
Am"bi*dex*ter"i*ty (#), n.
1. The quality of being ambidex/rous; the faculty
of using both hands with equal facility. Hence: Versatility;
general readiness; as, ambidexterity of
argumentation.
Sterne.
Ignorant I was of the human frame, and of its latent powers,
as regarded speed, force, and ambidexterity.
De Quincey.
2. Double-dealing. (Law) A
juror's taking of money from the both parties for a
verdict.
Am`bi*dex"tral (#), a.
Pertaining equally to the right-hand side and the left-hand
side.
Earle.
Am`bi*dex"trous (#), a. 1.
Pertaining the faculty of using both hands with equal
ease.
Sir T. Browne.
2. Practicing or siding with both parties.
All false, shuffling, and ambidextrous
dealings.
L'Estrange.
Am"bi*dex"trous*ly, adv. In an
ambidextrous manner; cunningly.
Am`bi*dex"trous*ness (#), n.
The quality of being ambidextrous; ambidexterity.
Am"bi*ent (#), a. [L.
ambiens, p. pr. of ambire to go around;
amb- + ire to go.] Encompassing
on all sides; circumfused; investing.
\'bdAmbient air.\'b8 Milton.
\'bdAmbient clouds.\'b8 Pope.
Am"bi*ent, n. Something that surrounds
or invests; as, air . . . being a perpetual
ambient.
Sir H. Wotton.
Am*big"e*nous (#), a. [L.
ambo both + genus kind.] Of two
kinds. (Bot.) Partaking of two natures, as
the perianth of some endogenous plants, where the outer surface
is calycine, and the inner petaloid.
Am"bi*gu (#), n. [F., fr.
ambigu doubtful, L. ambiquus. See
Ambiguous.] An entertainment at which a
medley of dishes is set on at the same time.
Am`bi*gu"i*ty (#), n.; pl.
Ambiguities (#). [L.
ambiguitas, fr. ambiguus: cf. F.
ambiguit\'82.] The quality or state of
being ambiguous; doubtfulness or uncertainty, particularly as to
the signification of language, arising from its admitting of more
than one meaning; an equivocal word or expression.
No shadow of ambiguity can rest upon the course to
be pursued.
I. Taylor.
The words are of single signification, without any
ambiguity.
South.
Am*big"u*ous (#), a. [L.
ambiguus, fr. ambigere to wander about,
waver; amb- + agere to drive.]
Doubtful or uncertain, particularly in respect to
signification; capable of being understood in either of two or
more possible senses; equivocal; as, an ambiguous
course; an ambiguous expression.
What have been thy answers? What but dark,
Ambiguous, and with double sense deluding?
Milton.
Syn. -- Doubtful; dubious; uncertain; unsettled; indistinct;
indeterminate; indefinite. See Equivocal.
Am*big"u*ous*ly, adv. In an ambiguous
manner; with doubtful meaning.
Am*big"u*ous*ness, n. Ambiguity.
Am`bi*le"vous (#), a. [L.
ambo both + laevus left.]
Left-handed on both sides; clumsy; -- opposed to
ambidexter. [R.]
Sir T. Browne.
Am*bil"o*quy (#), n. Doubtful
or ambiguous language. [Obs.]
Bailey.
Am*bip"a*rous (#), a. [L.
ambo both + parere to bring forth.]
(Bot.) Characterized by containing the rudiments
of both flowers and leaves; -- applied to a bud.
Am"bit (#), n. [L.
ambitus circuit, fr. ambire to go around.
See Ambient.] Circuit or compass.
His great parts did not live within a small
ambit.
Milward.
Am*bi"tion (#), n. [F.
ambition, L. ambitio a going around,
especially of candidates for office is Rome, to solicit votes
(hence, desire for office or honor/ fr. ambire to go
around. See Ambient, Issue.] 1.
The act of going about to solicit or obtain an office, or
any other object of desire; canvassing. [Obs.]
[I] used no ambition to commend my deeds.
Milton.
2. An eager, and sometimes an inordinate, desire
for preferment, honor, superiority, power, or the attainment of
something.
Cromwell, I charge thee, fling a way ambition:
By that sin fell the angels.
Shak.
The pitiful ambition of possessing five or six
thousand more acres.
Burke.
Am*bi"tion, v. t. [Cf. F.
ambitionner.] To seek after ambitiously or
eagerly; to covet. [R.]
Pausanias, ambitioning the sovereignty of Greece,
bargains with Xerxes for his daughter in marriage.
Trumbull.
Am*bi"tion*ist, n. One excessively
ambitious. [R.]
Am*bi"tion*less, a. Devoid of
ambition.
Pollok.
Am*bi"tious (#), a. [L.
ambitiosus: cf. F. ambitieux. See
Ambition.] 1. Possessing, or
controlled by, ambition; greatly or inordinately desirous of
power, honor, office, superiority, or distinction.
Yet Brutus says he was ambitious,
And Brutus is an honorable man.
Shak.
2. Strongly desirous; -- followed by of
or the infinitive; as, ambitious to be or to do
something.
I was not ambitious of seeing this ceremony.
Evelyn.
Studious of song, and yet ambitious not to sing in
vain.
Cowper.
3. Springing from, characterized by, or indicating,
ambition; showy; aspiring; as, an ambitious
style.
A giant statue . . .
Pushed by a wild and artless race,
From off wide, ambitious base.
Collins.
Am*bi"tious*ly, adv. In an ambitious
manner.
<-- p. 47 -->
Am*bi"tious*ness (#), n. The
quality of being ambitious; ambition; pretentiousness.
\'d8Am"bi*tus (#), n. [L. See
Ambit, Ambition.] 1. The
exterior edge or border of a thing, as the border of a leaf, or
the outline of a bivalve shell.
2. (Rom. Antiq.) A canvassing for
votes.
Am"ble (#), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Ambled (#);
p. pr. & vb. n. Ambling
(#).] [F. ambler to amble,
fr. L. ambulare to walk, in LL., to amble, perh. fr.
amb-, ambi-, and a root meaning to
go: cf. Gr. / to go, E. base. Cf.
Ambulate.] 1. To go at the easy gait
called an amble; -- applied to the horse or to its rider.
2. To move somewhat like an ambling horse; to go
easily or without hard shocks.
The skipping king, he ambled up and down.
Shak.
Sir, your wit ambles well; it goes easily.
Shak.
Am"ble, n. 1. A peculiar gait
of a horse, in which both legs on the same side are moved at the
same time, alternating with the legs on the other side.
\'bdA fine easy amble.\'b8
B. Jonson.
2. A movement like the amble of a horse.
Am"bler (#), n. A horse or a
person that ambles.
Am"bling*ly, adv. With an ambling
gait.
Am*blot"ic (#), a. [Gr. /,
/, fr. / an abortion.] Tending to cause
abortion.
Am"bly*gon (#), n. [Gr. /
obtuse + / angle: cf. F. amblygone.]
(Geom.) An obtuse-angled figure, esp. and
obtuse-angled triangle. [Obs.]
Am*blyg"o*nal (#), a.
Obtuse-angled. [Obs.]
Hutton.
{ \'d8Am`bly*o"pi*a (#),
Am"bly*o`py (#), } n.
[Gr. /; / blunt, dim + / eye: cf. F.
amblyopie.] (Med.) Weakness of
sight, without and opacity of the cornea, or of the interior of
the eye; the first degree of amaurosis.
Am"bly*op"ic (#), a.
(Med.) Of or pertaining to amblyopy.
Quain.
\'d8Am*blyp"o*da (#), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / blunt + /, /, foot.]
(Paleon.) A group of large, extinct, herbivorous
mammals, common in the Tertiary formation of the United
States.
\'d8Am"bo (#), n.; pl.
Ambos (#). [LL. ambo,
Gr. /, any rising, a raised stage, pulpit: cf. F.
ambon.] A large pulpit or reading desk, in
the early Christian churches.
Gwilt.
\'d8Am"bon (#), n. Same as
Ambo.
Am*boy"na wood (#). A beautiful mottled
and curled wood, used in cabinetwork. It is obtained from the
Pterocarpus Indicus of Amboyna, Borneo, etc.
Am"bre*ate (#), n.
(Chem.) A salt formed by the combination of
ambreic acid with a base or positive radical.
Am*bre"ic (#), a. (Chem.)
Of or pertaining to ambrein; -- said of a certain acid
produced by digesting ambrein in nitric acid.
Am"bre*in (#), n. [Cf. F.
ambr\'82ine. See Amber.]
(Chem.) A fragrant substance which is the chief
constituent of ambergris.
Am"brite (#), n. [From
amber.] A fossil resin occurring in large
masses in New Zealand.
Am"brose (#), n. A
sweet-scented herb; ambrosia. See Ambrosia, 3.
Turner.
Am*bro"sia (?; 277), n. [L.
ambrosia, Gr. /, properly fem. of /, fr. /
immortal, divine; / priv. + / mortal (because it was supposed
to confer immortality on those who partook of it). / stands for
/, akin to Skr. mrita, L. mortuus, dead,
and to E. mortal.] 1.
(Myth.) (a) The fabled food of the gods
(as nectar was their drink), which conferred immortality upon
those who partook of it. (b) An unguent of
the gods.
His dewy locks distilled ambrosia.
Milton.
2. A perfumed unguent, salve, or draught; something
very pleasing to the taste or smell.
Spenser.
3. Formerly, a kind of fragrant plant; now (Bot.),
a genus of plants, including some coarse and worthless weeds,
called ragweed, hogweed, etc.
Am"bro"si*ac (#), a. [L.
ambrosiacus: cf. F. ambrosiaque.]
Having the qualities of ambrosia; delicious.
[R.]\'bdAmbrosiac odors.\'b8
B. Jonson.
Am*bro"sial (#), a. [L.
ambrosius, Gr. /.] 1. Consisting
of, or partaking of the nature of, ambrosia; delighting the taste
or smell; delicious. \'bdAmbrosial food.\'b8
\'bdAmbrosial fragrance.\'b8
Milton.
2. Divinely excellent or beautiful.
\'bdShakes his ambrosial curls.\'b8
Pope.
Am*bro"sial*ly, adv. After the manner of
ambrosia; delightfully. \'bdSmelt
ambrosially.\'b8
Tennyson.
Am*bro"sian (#), a.
Ambrosial. [R.]
. Jonson.
Am*bro"sian, a. Of or pertaining to St.
Ambrose; as, the Ambrosian office, or ritual, a
formula of worship in the church of Milan, instituted by St.
Ambrose.
Ambrosian chant, the mode of signing or
chanting introduced by St. Ambrose in the 4th century.
Am"bro*sin (#), n. [LL.
Ambrosinus nummus.] An early coin struck by
the dukes of Milan, and bearing the figure of St. Ambrose on
horseback.
Am"bro*type (#), n. [Gr. /
immortal + -type.] (Photog.) A
picture taken on a place of prepared glass, in which the lights
are represented in silver, and the shades are produced by a dark
background visible through the unsilvered portions of the
glass.
Am"bry (#), n.; pl.
Ambries (#). [OE.
aumbry, almery, OF. almarie,
armarie, aumaire, F. armoire,
LL. armarium chest, cupboard, orig. a repository for
arms, fr. L. arama arms. The word has been confused
with almonry. See Armory.] 1.
In churches, a kind of closet, niche, cupboard, or locker
for utensils, vestments, etc.
2. A store closet, as a pantry, cupboard,
etc.
3. Almonry. [Improperly so
used]
Ambs"-ace (#), n. [OF.
ambesas; ambes both (fr. L.
ambo) + as ace. See Ace.]
Double aces, the lowest throw of all at dice. Hence: Bad
luck; anything of no account or value.
Am`bu*la"cral (#), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to ambulacra;
avenuelike; as, the ambulacral ossicles, plates,
spines, and suckers of echinoderms.
Am`bu*la"cri*form (#), a.
[Ambulacrum + -form]
(Zo\'94l.) Having the form of ambulacra.
\'d8Am`bu*la"crum (#), n.; pl.
Ambulacra (#). [L., an alley or
covered way.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) One
of the radical zones of echinoderms, along which run the
principal nerves, blood vessels, and water tubes. These zones
usually bear rows of locomotive suckers or tentacles, which
protrude from regular pores. In star fishes they occupy the
grooves along the under side of the rays. (b)
One of the suckers on the feet of mites.
Am"bu*lance (#), n. [F.
ambulance, h\'93pital ambulant, fr. L.
ambulare to walk. See Amble.]
(Mil.) (a) A field hospital, so
organized as to follow an army in its movements, and intended to
succor the wounded as soon as possible. Often used adjectively;
as, an ambulance wagon; ambulance
stretcher; ambulance corps. (b)
An ambulance wagon or cart for conveying the wounded from
the field, or to a hospital.
Am"bu*lant (#), a. [L.
ambulans, p. pr. of ambulare to walk: cf.
F. ambulant.] Walking; moving from place to
place.
Gayton.
Am"bu*late (#), v. i. [L.
ambulare to walk. See Amble.] To
walk; to move about. [R.]
Southey.
Am`bu*la"tion (#), n. [L.
ambulatio.] The act of walking.
Sir T. Browne.
Am"bu*la*tive (#), a.
Walking. [R.]
Am"bu*la`tor (#), n. 1.
One who walks about; a walker.
2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A beetle of
the genus Lamia. (b) A genus of
birds, or one of this genus.
3. An instrument for measuring distances; -- called
also perambulator.
Knight.
Am`bu*la*to"ri*al (#), a.
Ambulatory; fitted for walking.
Verrill.
Am"bu*la*to*ry (#), a. [L.
ambulatorius.] 1. Of or pertaining
to walking; having the faculty of walking; formed or fitted for
walking; as, an ambulatory animal.
2. Accustomed to move from place to place; not
stationary; movable; as, an ambulatory court, which
exercises its jurisdiction in different places.
The priesthood . . . before was very ambulatory,
and dispersed into all families.
Jer. Taylor.
3. Pertaining to a walk. [R.]
The princess of whom his majesty had an ambulatory
view in his travels.
Sir H. Wotton.
4. (Law) Not yet fixed legally, or
settled past alteration; alterable; as, the dispositions of a
will are ambulatory until the death of the
testator.
Am"bu*la*to*ry, n.; pl.
Ambulatories (#). [Cf. LL.
ambulatorium.] (Arch.) A place
to walk in, whether in the open air, as the gallery of a
cloister, or within a building.
Am"bur*ry (#), n. Same as
Anbury.
Am`bus*cade" (#), n. [F.
embuscade, fr. It. imboscata, or Sp.
emboscada, fr. emboscar to ambush, fr. LL.
imboscare. See Ambush, v.
t.] 1. A lying in a wood, concealed,
for the purpose of attacking an enemy by surprise. Hence: A lying
in wait, and concealed in any situation, for a like purpose; a
snare laid for an enemy; an ambush.
2. A place in which troops lie hid, to attack an
enemy unexpectedly. [R.]
Dryden.
3. (Mil.) The body of troops lying in
ambush.
Am`bus*cade", v. t. [imp. &
p. p. Ambuscaded (#); p. pr. & vb.
n. Ambuscading (#).]
1. To post or conceal in ambush; to ambush.
2. To lie in wait for, or to attack from a covert
or lurking place; to waylay.
Am`bus*cade", v. i. To lie in
ambush.
Am`bus*ca"do (#), n.
Ambuscade. [Obs.]
Shak.
Am`bus*ca"doed (#), p. p.
Posted in ambush; ambuscaded. [Obs.]
Am"bush (#), n. [F.
emb\'96che, fr. the verb. See Ambush, v.
t.] 1. A disposition or arrangement of
troops for attacking an enemy unexpectedly from a concealed
station. Hence: Unseen peril; a device to entrap; a snare.
Heaven, whose high walls fear no assault or siege
Or ambush from the deep.
Milton.
2. A concealed station, where troops or enemies lie
in wait to attack by surprise.
Bold in close ambush, base in open field.
Dryden.
3. The troops posted in a concealed place, for
attacking by surprise; liers in wait. [Obs.]
The ambush arose quickly out of their place.
Josh. viii. 19.
To lay an ambush, to post a force in
ambush.
Am"bush (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Ambushed
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Ambushing.] [OE. enbussen,
enbushen, OF. embushier,
embuissier, F. emb\'96cher,
embusquer, fr. LL. imboscare; in
+ LL. boscus, buscus, a wood; akin to G.
bush, E. bush. See Ambuscade,
Bu/h.] 1. To station in ambush
with a view to surprise an enemy.
By ambushed men behind their temple /ai/,
We have the king of Mexico betrayed.
Dryden.
2. To attack by ambush; to waylay.
Am"bush, v. i. To lie in wait, for the
purpose of attacking by surprise; to lurk.
Nor saw the snake that ambushed for his prey.
Trumbull.
Am"bush*er (#), n. One lying in
ambush.
Am"bush*ment (#), n. [OF.
embuschement. See Ambush, v.
t.] An ambush. [Obs.]
2 Chron. xiii. 13.
Am*bus"tion (?; 106), n. [L.
ambustio.] (Med.) A burn or
scald.
Blount.
Am`e*be"an (#), a.
(Zo\'94l.) See Am/bean.
A*meer", A*mir" (#),
n. [See Emir.] 1.
Emir. [Obs.]
2. One of the Mohammedan nobility of Afghanistan
and Scinde.
Am"el (#), n. [OE.
amell, OF. esmail, F. \'82mail,
of German origin; cf. OHG. smelzi, G.
schmelz. See Smelt, v. t.]
Enamel. [Obs.]
Boyle.
Am"el, v. t. [OE. amellen,
OF. esmailler, F. \'82mailler, OF.
esmail, F. \'82mail.] To
enamel. [Obs.]
Enlightened all with stars,
And richly ameled.
Chapman.
Am"el*corn` (#), n. [Ger.
amelkorn: cf. MHG. amel, amer,
spelt, and L. amylum starch, Gr. /.] A
variety of wheat from which starch is produced; -- called also
French rice.
A*mel"io*ra*ble (#), a. Capable
of being ameliorated.
A*mel"io*rate (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Ameliorated
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Ameliorating.] [L. ad +
meliorare to make better: cf. F. am\'82liorer.
See Meliorate.] To make better; to improve;
to meliorate.
In every human being there is a wish to ameliorate
his own condition.
Macaulay.
A*mel"io*rate, v. i. To grow better; to
meliorate; as, wine ameliorates by age.
A*mel`io*ra"tion (#), n. [Cf.
F. am\'82lioration.] The act of
ameliorating, or the state of being ameliorated; making or
becoming better; improvement; melioration.
\'bdAmelioration of human affairs.\'b8
J. S. Mill.
A*mel"io*ra*tive (#), a.
Tending to ameliorate; producing amelioration or
improvement; as, ameliorative remedies,
efforts.
A*mel"io*ra`tor (#), n. One who
ameliorates.
A`men" (?; 277), interj.,
adv., & n. [L. amen, Gr.
/, Heb. \'bem/n certainly, truly.] An
expression used at the end of prayers, and meaning, So be
it. At the end of a creed, it is a solemn asseveration of
belief. When it introduces a declaration, it is equivalent to
truly, verily. It is used as a noun, to
demote: (a) concurrence in belief, or in a statement;
assent; (b) the final word or act; (c) Christ
as being one who is true and faithful.
And let all the people say, Amen.
Ps. cvi. 48.
Amen, amen, I say to thee, except a man
be born again, he can not see the kingdom of God.
John ii. 3. Rhemish Trans.
To say amen to, to approve warmly; to concur
in heartily or emphatically; to ratify; as, I say Amen
to all.
A`men", v. t. To say Amen to; to
sanction fully.
A*me`na*bil"i*ty (#), n. The
quality of being amenable; amenableness.
Coleridge.
A*me"na*ble (#), a. [F.
amener to lead; / (L. ad) =
mener to lead, fr. L. minare to drive
animals (properly by threatening cries), in LL. to lead; L.
minari, to threaten, minae threats. See
Menace.] 1. (Old Law)
Easy to be led; governable, as a woman by her husband.
[Obs.]
Jacob.
2. Liable to be brought to account or punishment;
answerable; responsible; accountable; as, amenable
to law.
Nor is man too diminutive . . . to be amenable to
the divine government.
I. Taylor.
3. Liable to punishment, a charge, a claim,
etc.
4. Willing to yield or submit; responsive;
tractable.
Sterling . . . always was amenable enough to
counsel.
Carlyle.
A*me"na*ble*ness, n. The quality or
state of being amenable; liability to answer charges;
answerableness.
A*me"na*bly, adv. In an amenable
manner.
Am"e*nage (#), v. t. [OF.
amesnagier. See Manage.] To
manage. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Am"e*nance (#), n. [OF. See
Amenable.] Behavior; bearing.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
A*mend" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Amended; p. pr.
& vb. n. Amending.] [F.
amender, L. emendare;
e(ex) + mendum,
menda, fault, akin to Skr. minda personal
defect. Cf. Emend, Mend.] To change
or modify in any way for the better; as, (a)
by simply removing what is erroneous, corrupt, superfluous,
faulty, and the like; (b) by supplying
deficiencies; (c) by substituting something
else in the place of what is removed; to rectify.
Mar not the thing that can not be amended.
Shak.
An instant emergency, granting no possibility for revision, or
opening for amended thought.
De Quincey.
We shall cheer her sorrows, and amend her blood, by
wedding her to a Norman.
Sir W. Scott.
To amend a bill, to make some change in the
details or provisions of a bill or measure while on its passage,
professedly for its improvement.
<-- p. 48 -->
Syn. -- To Amend, Emend, Correct,
Reform, Rectify. These words
agree in the idea of bringing things into a more perfect state.
We correct (literally, make straight) when we conform
things to some standard or rule; as, to correct proof
sheets. We amend by removing blemishes, faults, or
errors, and thus rendering a thing more a nearly perfect; as, to
amend our ways, to amend a text, the draft
of a bill, etc. Emend is only another form of
amend, and is applied chiefly to editions of books,
etc. To reform is literally to form over again, or
put into a new and better form; as, to reform one's
life. To rectify is to make right; as, to
rectify a mistake, to rectify abuses,
inadvertencies, etc.
A*mend" (#), v. i. To grow
better by rectifying something wrong in manners or morals; to
improve. \'bdMy fortune . . . amends.\'b8
Sir P. Sidney.
A*mend"a*ble (#), a. Capable of
being amended; as, an amendable writ or
error. -- A*mend"a*ble*ness,
n.
A*mend"a*to*ry (#), a.
Supplying amendment; corrective; emendatory.
Bancroft.
\'d8A`mende" (#), n. [F. See
Amend.] A pecuniary punishment or fine; a
reparation or recantation.
Amende honorable(#). (Old French
Law) A species of infamous punishment in which the
offender, being led into court with a rope about his neck, and a
lighted torch in his hand, begged pardon of his God, the court,
etc. In popular language, the phrase now denotes a public apology
or recantation, and reparation to an injured party, for improper
language or treatment.
A*mend"er (#), n. One who
amends.
A*mend"ful (#), a. Much
improving. [Obs.]
A*mend"ment (#), n. [F.
amendement, LL. amendamentum.]
1. An alteration or change for the better;
correction of a fault or of faults; reformation of life by
quitting vices.
2. In public bodies; Any alternation made or
proposed to be made in a bill or motion by adding, changing,
substituting, or omitting.
3. (Law) Correction of an error in a
writ or process.
Syn. -- Improvement; reformation; emendation.
A*mends" (#), n. sing. & pl.
[F. amendes, pl. of amende. Cf.
Amende.] Compensation for a loss or injury;
recompense; reparation. [Now const. with sing.
verb.] \'bdAn honorable amends.\'b8
Addison.
Yet thus far fortune maketh us amends.
Shak.
A*men"i*ty (#), n.; pl.
Amenities (#). [F.
am\'82nit\'82, L. amoenitas, fr.
amoenus pleasant.] The quality of being
pleasant or agreeable, whether in respect to situation, climate,
manners, or disposition; pleasantness; civility; suavity;
gentleness.
A sweetness and amenity of temper.
Buckle.
This climate has not seduced by its amenities.
W. Howitt.
\'d8A*men`or*rh\'d2"a (#), n.
[Gr. / priv. + / month + / to flow: cf. F.
am\'82norrh\'82e.] (Med.)
Retention or suppression of the menstrual discharge.
A*men`or*rh\'d2"al (#), a.
Pertaining to amenorrh\'d2a.
\'d8A men"sa et tho"ro (#). [L., from
board and bed.] (Law) A kind of divorce
which does not dissolve the marriage bond, but merely authorizes
a separate life of the husband and wife.
Abbott.
Am"ent (#), n. [L.
amentum thong or strap.] (Bot.)
A species of inflorescence; a catkin.
The globular ament of a buttonwood.
Coues.
Am`en*ta"ceous (#), a. [LL.
amentaceus.] (Bot.) (a)
Resembling, or consisting of, an ament or aments; as,
the chestnut has an amentaceous
inflorescence. (b) Bearing aments;
having flowers arranged in aments; as, amentaceous
plants.
\'d8A*men"ti*a (#), n.
[L.] (Med.) Imbecility; total want of
understanding.
Am`en*tif"er*ous (#), a. [L.
amentum + -ferous.] (Bot.)
Bearing catkins.
Balfour.
A*men"ti*form (#), a. [L.
amentum + -form.] (Bot.)
Shaped like a catkin.
\'d8A*men"tum (#), n.; pl.
Amenta (#). Same as
Ament.
Am"e*nuse (#), v. t. [OF.
amenuisier. See Minute.] To
lessen. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
A*merce" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Amerced
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Amercing.] [OF. amercier,
fr. a merci at the mercy of, liable to a punishment.
See Mercy.] 1. To punish by a
pecuniary penalty, the amount of which is not fixed by law, but
left to the discretion of the court; as, the amerced
the criminal in the sum on the hundred dollars.
in,
with, or of.
2. To punish, in general; to mulct.
Millions of spirits for his fault amerced
Of Heaven.
Milton.
Shall by him be amerced with penance due.
Spenser.
A*merce"a*ble (#), a. Liable to
be amerced.
A*merce"ment (#), n. [OF.
amerciment.] The infliction of a penalty at
the discretion of the court; also, a mulct or penalty thus
imposed. It differs from a fine,in that the latter is,
or was originally, a fixed and certain sum prescribed by statue
for an offense; but an amercement is arbitrary. Hence, the act or
practice of affeering. [See Affeer.]
Blackstone.
amerciament.
Amercement royal, a penalty imposed on an
officer for a misdemeanor in his office.
Jacobs.
A*mer"cer (#), n. One who
amerces.
A*mer"cia*ment (#), n. [LL.
amerciamentum.] Same as
Amercement.
Mozley & W.
A*mer"i*can (#), a. [Named from
Americus Vespucius.] 1. Of or
pertaining to America; as, the American continent:
American Indians.
2. Of or pertaining to the United States.
\'bdA young officer of the American navy.\'b8
Lyell.
American ivy. See Virginia
creeper. -- American Party (U. S.
Politics), a party, about 1854, which opposed the
influence of foreign-born citizens, and those supposed to owe
allegiance to a foreign power. -- Native american
Party (U. S. Politics), a party of
principles similar to those of the American party. It arose about
1843, but soon died out.
A*mer"i*can (#), n. A native of
America; -- originally applied to the aboriginal inhabitants, but
now applied to the descendants of Europeans born in America, and
especially to the citizens of the United States.
The name American must always exalt the pride of
patriotism.
Washington.
A*mer"i*can*ism (#), n. 1.
Attachment to the United States.
2. A custom peculiar to the United States or to
America; an American characteristic or idea.
3. A word or phrase peculiar to the United
States.
A*mer`i*can*i*za"tion (#), n.
The process of Americanizing.
A*mer"i*can*ize (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Americanizer
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Americanizing.] To render American; to
assimilate to the Americans in customs, ideas, etc.; to stamp
with American characteristics.
Ames"-ace (#), n. Same as
Ambs-ace.
Am"ess (#), n. (Eccl.)
Amice, a hood or cape. See 2d Amice.
\'d8Am`e*tab"o*la (#), n. pl.
[NL.] (Zo\'94l.) A group of insects
which do not undergo any metamorphosis. [Written
also Ametabolia.]
A*met`a*bo"li*an (#), a. [Gr.
/ unchangeable; / priv. + / changeable, / to
change.] (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to
insects that do undergo any metamorphosis.
{ A*met`a*bol"ic (#),
Am`e*tab"o*lous, } a.
(Zo\'94l.) Not undergoing any metamorphosis;
as, ametabolic insects.
A*meth"o*dist (#), n. [Pref.
a- not + methodist.] One without
method; a quack. [Obs.]
Am"e*thyst (#), [F. ametiste,
amatiste, F. am\'82thyste, L.
amethystus, fr. Gr. / without drunkenness; as a
noun, a remedy for drunkenness, the amethyst, supposed to have
this power; / priv. + / to be drunken, / strong drink,
wine. See Mead.]
1. (Min.) A variety of crystallized
quartz, of a purple or bluish violet color, of different shades.
It is much used as a jeweler's stone.
Oriental amethyst, the violet-blue variety of
transparent crystallized corundum or sapphire.
2. (Her.) A purple color in a nobleman's
escutcheon, or coat of arms.
Am`e*thys"tine (#), a. [L.
amethystinus, Gr. /.] 1.
Resembling amethyst, especially in color; bluish
violet.
2. Composed of, or containing, amethyst.
\'d8Am`e*tro"pi*a (#), n. [Gr.
/ irregular + /, /, eye.] (Med.) Any
abnormal condition of the refracting powers of the eye. --
Am`e*trop"ic (#),
a.
Am*har"ic (#), a. Of or
pertaining to Amhara, a division of Abyssinia; as, the
Amharic language is closely allied to the
Ethiopic. -- n. The Amharic
language (now the chief language of Abyssinia).
\'d8Am"i*a (#), n. [L., fr. Gr.
/ a kind of tunny.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of
fresh-water ganoid fishes, exclusively confined to North America;
called bowfin in Lake Champlain, dogfish in
Lake Erie, and mudfish in South Carolina, etc. See
Bowfin.
A`mi*a*bil"i*ty (#), n. The
quality of being amiable; amiableness; sweetness of
disposition.
Every excellency is a degree of amiability.
Jer. Taylor.
A"mi*a*ble (#), a. [F.
amiable, L. amicabilis friendly, fr.
amicus friend, fr. amare to love. The
meaning has been influenced by F. aimable, L.
amabilis lovable, fr. amare to love. Cf.
Amicable, Amorous, Amability.]
1. Lovable; lovely; pleasing. [Obs. or
R.]
So amiable a prospect.
Sir T. Herbert.
2. Friendly; kindly; sweet; gracious; as, an
amiable temper or mood; amiable
ideas.
3. Possessing sweetness of disposition; having
sweetness of temper, kind-heartedness, etc., which causes one to
be liked; as, an amiable woman.
4. Done out of love. [Obs.]
Lay an amiable siege to the honesty of this Ford's
wife.
Shak.
A`mi*a*ble*ness, n. The quality of being
amiable; amiability.
A"mi*a*bly, adv. In an amiable
manner.
Am"i*anth (#), n. See
Amianthus. [Poetic]
Am`i*an"thi*form (#), a.
[Amianthus + -form.]
Resembling amianthus in form.
Am`i*an"thoid (#), a.
[Amianthus + -oid: cf. F.
amianto\'8bde.] Resembling amianthus.
Am`i*an"thus (#), n. [L.
amiantus, Gr. / / (lit., unsoiled stone) a
greenish stone, like asbestus; / priv. + / to stain, to
defile; so called from its incombustibility.]
(Min.) Earth flax, or mountain flax; a soft silky
variety of asbestus.
Am"ic (#), a. [L.
ammonia + -ic.] (Chem.)
Related to, or derived, ammonia; -- used chiefly as a
suffix; as, amic acid; phosphamic
acid.
Amic acid (Chem.), one of a class
of nitrogenized acids somewhat resembling amides.
Am`i*ca*bil"i*ty (#), n. The
quality of being amicable; friendliness; amicableness.
Ash.
Am"i*ca*ble (#), a. [L.
amicabilis, fr. amicus friend, fr.
amare to love. See Amiable.]
Friendly; proceeding from, or exhibiting, friendliness;
after the manner of friends; peaceable; as, an
amicable disposition, or arrangement.
That which was most remarkable in this contest was . . . the
amicable manner in which it was managed.
Prideoux.
Amicable action (Law.), an action
commenced and prosecuted by amicable consent of the parties, for
the purpose of obtaining a decision of the court on some matter
of law involved in it. Bouvier. Burrill.
-- Amicable numbers (Math.), two
numbers, each of which is equal to the sum of all the aliquot
parts of the other.
Syn. -- Friendly; peaceable; kind; harmonious.
-- Amicable, Friendly. Neither of these words
denotes any great warmth of affection, since friendly
has by no means the same strength as its noun
friendship. It does, however, imply something of real
cordiality; while amicable supposes very little more
than that the parties referred to are not disposed to quarrel.
Hence, we speak of amicable relations between two
countries, an amicable adjustment of difficulties.
\'bdThose who entertain friendly feelings toward each
other can live amicably together.\'b8
Am"i*ca*ble*ness (#), n. The
quality of being amicable; amicability.
Am"i*ca*bly, adv. In an amicable
manner.
Am"ice (#), n. [OE.
amyse, prob. for amyt, OF. amit,
ameit, fr. L. amictus cloak, the word being
confused with amice, almuce, a hood or
cape. See next word.] A square of white linen worn at
first on the head, but now about the neck and shoulders, by
priests of the Roman Catholic Church while saying Mass.
Am"ice, n. [OE. amuce,
amisse, OF. almuce, aumuce, F.
aumusse, LL. almucium, almucia,
aumucia: of unknown origin; cf. G. m\'81tze
cap, prob. of the same origin. Cf. Mozetta.]
(Eccl.) A hood, or cape with a hood, made of
lined with gray fur, formerly worn by the clergy; -- written also
amess, amyss, and almuce.
A*mid" (#), prep. See
Amidst.
Am"ide (?; 277), n.
[Ammonia + -ide.]
(Chem.) A compound formed by the union of
amidogen with an acid element or radical. It may also be regarded
as ammonia in which one or more hydrogen atoms have been replaced
by an acid atom or radical.
Acid amide, a neutral compound formed by the
substitution of the amido group for hydroxyl in an
acid.
Am"i*din (#), n. [Cf. F.
amidine, fr. amido/ starch, fr. L.
amylum, Gr. / fine meal, neut. of / not ground at
the mill, -- hence, of the finest meal; / priv. + /, /,
mill. See Meal.] (Chem.) Start
modified by heat so as to become a transparent mass, like horn.
It is soluble in cold water.
A*mi"do (#), a. [From
Amide.] (Chem.) Containing, or
derived from, amidogen.
Amido acid, an acid in which a portion of the
nonacid hydrogen has been replaced by the amido group. The amido
acids are both basic and acid. -- Amido group,
amidogen, NH2.
A*mid"o*gen (#), n.
[Amide + -gen.]
(Chem.) A compound radical, NH2,
not yet obtained in a separate state, which may be regarded as
ammonia from the molecule of which one of its hydrogen atoms has
been removed; -- called also the amido group,
and in composition represented by the form
amido.
A*mid"ships (#), adv.
(Naut.) In the middle of a ship, with regard to
her length, and sometimes also her breadth.
Totten.
{ A*midst" (#), A*mid"
(#), } prep. [OE.
amidde, amiddes, on midden, AS.
on middan, in the middle, fr. midde the
middle. The s is an adverbial ending, originally
marking the genitive; the t is a later addition, as in
whilst, amongst, alongst. See
Mid.] In the midst or middle of; surrounded
or encompassed by; among. \'bdThis fair tree
amidst the garden.\'b8 \'bdUnseen amid the
throng.\'b8 \'bdAmidst thick clouds.\'b8
Milton. \'bdAmidst acclamations.\'b8
\'bdAmidst the splendor and festivity of a court.\'b8
Macaulay.
But rather famish them amid their plenty.
Shak.
Syn. -- Amidst, Among. These
words differ to some extent from each other, as will be seen from
their etymology. Amidst denotes in the
midst or middle of, and hence surrounded by; as, this
work was written amidst many interruptions.
Among denotes a mingling or intermixing with distinct
or separable objects; as, \'bdHe fell among
thieves.\'b8 \'bdBlessed art thou among women.\'b8
Hence, we say, among the moderns, among the
ancients, among the thickest of trees,
among these considerations, among the
reasons I have to offer. Amid and amidst
are commonly used when the idea of separate or distinguishable
objects is not prominent. Hence, we say, they kept on
amidst the storm, amidst the gloom, he was
sinking amidst the waves, he persevered
amidst many difficulties; in none of which cases could
among be used. In like manner, Milton speaks of
Abdiel, --
The seraph Abdiel, faithful found;
Among the faithless faithful only he,
because he was then considered as one of the angels. But when the
poet adds, --
From amidst them forth he passed,
we have rather the idea of the angels as a collective body.
Those squalid cabins and uncleared woods amidst
which he was born.
Macaulay.
Am"ine (?; 277), n.
[Ammonia + -ine.]
(Chem.) One of a class of strongly basic
substances derived from ammonia by replacement of one or more
hydrogen atoms by a basic atom or radical.
Am"i*oid (#), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Like or pertaining to the
Amioidei. -- n. One of the
Amioidei.
\'d8Am`i*oi"de*i (#), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Amia + -oid.]
(Zo\'94l.) An order of ganoid fishes of which
Amis is type. See Bowfin and Ganoidei.
\'d8A*mir" (#), n. Same as
Ameer.
A*miss" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- + miss.] Astray; faultily;
improperly; wrongly; ill.
What error drives our eyes and ears amiss?
Shak.
Ye ask and receive not, because ye ask amiss.
James iv. 3.
To take (an act, thing)
amiss, to impute a wrong motive to (an act
or thing); to take offense at' to take unkindly; as, you must
not take these questions amiss.
<-- p. 49 -->
A*miss" (#), a. Wrong; faulty;
out of order; improper; as, it may not be amiss to
ask advice. [Used only in the predicate.]
Dryden.
His wisdom and virtue can not always rectify that which is
amiss in himself or his circumstances.
Wollaston.
A*miss", n. A fault, wrong, or
mistake. [Obs.]
Each toy seems prologue to some great amiss.
Shak.
A*mis`si*bil"i*ty (#), [Cf. F.
amissibilit\'82. See Amit.] The
quality of being amissible; possibility of being lost.
[R.]
Notions of popular rights and the amissibility of
sovereign power for misconduct were alternately broached by the
two great religious parties of Europe.
Hallam.
A*mis"si*ble (#), a. [L.
amissibilis: cf. F. amissible.]
Liable to be lost. [R.]
A*mis"sion (#), n. [L.
amissio: cf. F. amission.]
Deprivation; loss. [Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
A*mit" (#), v. t. [L.
amittere, amissum, to lose; a
(ab) + mittere to send. See
Missile.] To lose. [Obs.]
A lodestone fired doth presently amit its proper
virtue.
Sir T. Browne.
Am"i*ty (#), n.; pl.
Amities (#). [F.
amiti\'82, OF. amisti\'82,
amist\'82, fr. an assumed LL. amisitas, fr.
L. amicus friendly, from amare to love. See
Amiable.] Friendship, in a general sense,
between individuals, societies, or nations; friendly relations;
good understanding; as, a treaty of amity and
commerce; the amity of the Whigs and Tories.
To live on terms of amity with vice.
Cowper.
Syn. -- Harmony; friendliness; friendship; affection; good
will; peace.
\'d8Am"ma (#), n. [LL.
amma, prob. of interjectional or imitative origin: cf.
Sp. ama, G. amme, nurse, Basque
ama mother, Heb. /m, Ar.
immun, ummun.] An abbes or
spiritual mother.
Am"me*ter (#), n.
(Physics) A contraction of amperometer
or amp\'8aremeter.
Am"mi*ral (#), n. An obsolete
form of admiral. \'bdThe mast of some great
ammiral.\'b8
Milton.
Am"mite (#), n. [Gr. /, /,
sandstone, fr. / or / sand.] (Geol.)
O\'94lite or roestone; -- written also
hammite. [Obs.]
Am"mo*dyte (#), n. [L.
ammodytes, Gr. / sand burrower, a kind of serpent;
/ sand + / diver, / to dive.] (Zo\'94l.)
(a) One of a genus of fishes; the sand eel.
(b) A kind of viper in southern Europe.
[Obs.]
Am*mo"ni*a (#), n. [From sal
ammoniac, which was first obtaining near the temple of
Jupiter Ammon, by burning camel's dung. See
Ammoniac.] (Chem.) A gaseous
compound of hydrogen and nitrogen, NH3, with a
pungent smell and taste: -- often called volatile
alkali, and spirits of
hartshorn.
{ Am*mo"ni*ac (#), Am`mo*ni"a*cal
(#), } a. Of or pertaining to
ammonia, or possessing its properties; as, an
ammoniac salt; ammoniacal gas.
Ammoniacal engine, an engine in which the
vapor of ammonia is used as the motive force. -- Sal
ammoniac [L. sal ammoniacus], the
salt usually called chloride of ammonium, and
formerly muriate of ammonia.
Am*mo"ni*ac (#) ([or] Gum`
am*mo"ni*ac , n. [L.
Ammoniacum, Gr. / a resinous gum, said to distill
from a tree near the temple of Jupiter Ammon; cf. F.
ammoniac. See Ammonite.]
(Med.) The concrete juice (gum resin) of an
umbelliferous plant, the Dorema ammoniacum. It is
brought chiefly from Persia in the form of yellowish tears, which
occur singly, or are aggregated into masses. It has a peculiar
smell, and a nauseous, sweet taste, followed by a bitter one. It
is inflammable, partially soluble in water and in spirit of wine,
and is used in medicine as an expectorant and resolvent, and for
the formation of certain plasters.
Am*mo"ni*a`ted (#), a.
(Chem.) Combined or impregnated with
ammonia.
Am*mo"nic (#), a. Of or
pertaining to ammonia.
Am"mon*ite (#), n. [L. cornu
Ammonis born of Ammon; L. Ammon, Gr. / an
appellation of Jupiter, as represented with the horns of a ram.
It was originally the name of an. Egyptian god,
Amun.] (Paleon.) A fossil
cephalopod shell related to the nautilus. There are many genera
and species, and all are extinct, the typical forms having
existed only in the Mesozoic age, when they were exceedingly
numerous. They differ from the nautili in having the margins of
the septa very much lobed or plaited, and the siphuncle dorsal.
Also called serpent stone, snake
stone, and cornu Ammonis.
Am`mon*i*tif"er*ous (#), a.
[Ammonite + -ferous.]
Containing fossil ammonites.
\'d8Am*mon`i*toid"e*a (#), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Ammonite + -oid.]
(Zo\'94l.) An extensive group of fossil
cephalopods often very abundant in Mesozoic rocks. See
Ammonite.
Am*mo"ni*um (#), n. [See
Ammonia.] (Chem.) A compound
radical, NH4, having the chemical relations of a
strongly basic element like the alkali metals.
<-- positive ion -->
Am`mu*ni"tion (#), n. [F.
amunition, for munition, prob. caused by
taking la munition as l'amunition. See
Munition.] 1. Military stores, or
provisions of all kinds for attack or defense.
[Obs.]
2. Articles used in charging firearms and ordnance
of all kinds; as powder, balls, shot, shells, percussion caps,
rockets, etc.
3. Any stock of missiles, literal or
figurative.
Ammunition bread, shoes,
etc., such as are contracted for by government, and supplied
to the soldiers. [Eng.]
Am`mu*ni"tion (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Ammunitioned
(#); p pr. & vb. n.
Ammunitioning.] To provide with
ammunition.
\'d8Am*ne"si*a (#), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. /; / priv. + / to remember.]
(Med.) Forgetfulness; also, a defect of speech,
from cerebral disease, in which the patient substitutes wrong
words or names in the place of those he wishes to employ.
Quian.
Am*ne"sic (#), a. (Med.)
Of or pertaining to amnesia. \'bdAmnesic or
co\'94rdinate defects.\'b8
Quian.
Am*nes"tic (#), a. Causing loss
of memory.
Am"nes*ty (#), n. [L.
amnestia, Gr. /, a forgetting, fr. / forgotten,
forgetful; / priv. + / to remember: cf. F.
amnistie, earlier amnestie. See
Mean, v.] 1.
Forgetfulness; cessation of remembrance of wrong;
oblivion.
2. An act of the sovereign power granting oblivion,
or a general pardon, for a past offense, as to subjects concerned
in an insurrection.
Am"nes*ty, v. t. [imp. p.
p. Amnestied (#); p. pr. & vb.
n. Amnestying.] To grant amnesty
to.
Am*nic"o*list (#), n. [L.
amnicola, amnis a river + colere
to dwell.] One who lives near a river.
[Obs.]
Bailey.
Am*nig"e*nous (#), a. [L.
amnigena; amnis a river + root
gen of gignere to beget.] Born
or bred in, of, or near a river. [Obs.]
Bailey.
Am"ni*on (#), n. [Gr. / the
membrane round the fetus, dim. of / lamb.]
(Anat.) A thin membrane surrounding the embryos
of mammals, birds, and reptiles.
Am"ni*os (#), n. Same as
Amnion.
\'d8Am`ni*o"ta (#), n. pl. [NL.
See Amnion.] (Zo\'94l.) That group
of vertebrates which develops in its embryonic life the envelope
called the amnion. It comprises the reptiles, the
birds, and the mammals.
Am`ni*ot"ic (#), a. [Cf. F.
amniotique.] (Anat.) Of or
pertaining to the amnion; characterized by an amnion; as, the
amniotic fluid; the amniotic sac.
Amniotic acid. (Chem.)
[R.] See Allantoin.
A*m\'d2"ba (#), n; pl. L.
Am\'d2b\'91 (#); E. Am\'d2bas
(#). [NL., fr. Gr. / change.]
(Zo\'94l.) A rhizopod. common in fresh water,
capable of undergoing many changes of form at will. See
Rhizopoda.
\'d8Am`\'d2*b\'91"um (#), n.
[L. am\'d2baeus, Gr. /, alternate; L.
amoebaeum carmen, Gr. / /, a responsive song, fr.
/ change.] A poem in which persons are represented
at speaking alternately; as the third and seventh eclogues of
Virgil.
\'d8Am`\'d2*be"a (#), n. pl.
[NL.] (Zo\'94l.) That division of the
Rhizopoda which includes the am\'d2ba and similar forms.
Am`\'d2*be"an (#), a.
Alternately answering.
A*m\'d2"bi*an (#), n.
(Zo\'94l.) One of the Am\'d2bea.
{ A*m\'d2"bi*form (#),
A*m\'d2"boid (#), } a.
[Am\'d2ba + -form or
-oid.] (Biol.) Resembling an
am\'d2ba; am\'d2ba-shaped; changing in shape like an
am\'d2ba.
Am\'d2boid movement, movement produced, as in
the am\'d2ba, by successive processes of prolongation and
retraction.
A*m\'d2"bous (#), a. Like an
am\'d2ba in structure.
Am`o*li"tion (#), n. [L.
amolitio, fr. amoliri to remove;
a (ab) + moliri to put in
motion.] Removal; a putting away.
[Obs.]
Bp. Ward (1673).
\'d8A*mo"mum (#), n. [L., fr.
Gr. / an Indian spice plant.] (Bot.) A
genus of aromatic plants. It includes species which bear
cardamoms, and grains of paradise.
A*mon"este (#), v. t. To
admonish. [Obs.]
{ A*mong" (#), A*mongst"
(#), } prep. [OE.
amongist, amonges, amonge,
among, AS. onmang, ongemang,
gemang, in a crowd or mixture. For the ending
-st see Amidst. See Mingle.]
1. Mixed or mingled; surrounded by.
They heard,
And from his presence hid themselves among
The thickest trees.
Milton.
2. Conjoined, or associated with, or making part of
the number of; in the number or class of.
Blessed art thou among women.
Luke i. 28.
3. Expressing a relation of dispersion,
distribution, etc.; also, a relation of reciprocal action.
What news among the merchants?
Shak.
Human sacrifices were practiced among them.
Hume.
Divide that gold amongst you.
Marlowe.
Whether they quarreled among themselves, or with
their neighbors.
Addison.
Syn. -- Amidst; between. See Amidst,
Between.
\'d8A*mon`til*la"do (#), n.
[Sp.] A dry kind of cherry, of a light
color.
Simmonds.
Am"o*ret (#), n. [OF.
amorette, F. amourette, dim. of
amour.] 1. An amorous girl or woman; a
wanton. [Obs.]
J. Warton.
2. A love knot, love token, or love song.
(pl.) Love glances or love tricks.
[Obs.]
3. A petty love affair or amour.
[Obs.]
Am"o*rette" (#), n. An
amoret. [Obs.]
Rom. of R.
Am"o*rist (#), n. [L.
armor love. See Amorous.] A lover;
a gallant. [R.]
Milton.
It was the custom for an amorist to impress the
name of his mistress in the dust, or upon the damp earth, with
letters fixed upon his shoe.
Southey.
A-morn"ings (#), adv. [See
Amorwe. The -s is a genitival ending. See
-wards.] In the morning; every morning.
[Obs.]
And have such pleasant walks into the woods
A-mornings.
J. Fletcher.
\'d8Am`o*ro"sa (#), n. [It.
amoroso, fem. amorosa.] A wanton
woman; a courtesan.
Sir T. Herbert.
Am`o*ros"i*ty (#), n. The
quality of being amorous; lovingness. [R.]
Galt.
\'d8Am`o*ro"so (#), n. [It.
amoroso, LL. amorosus.] A lover;
a man enamored.
\'d8Am`o*ro"so, adv. [It.]
(Mus.) In a soft, tender, amatory style.
Am"o*rous (#), a. [OF.
amoros, F. amoreux, LL.
amorosus, fr. L. amor love, fr.
amare to love.] 1. Inclined to
love; having a propensity to love, or to sexual enjoyment;
loving; fond; affectionate; as, an amorous
disposition.
2. Affected with love; in love; enamored; --
usually with of; formerly with on.
Thy roses amorous of the moon.
Keats.
High nature amorous of the good.
Tennyson.
Sure my brother is amorous on Hero.
Shak.
3. Of or relating to, or produced by, love.
\'bdAmorous delight.\'b8 Milton.
\'bdAmorous airs.\'b8 Waller.
Syn. -- Loving; fond; tender; passionate; affectionate;
devoted; ardent.
Am"o*rous*ly, adv. In an amorous manner;
fondly.
Am"o*rous*ness, n. The quality of being
amorous, or inclined to sexual love; lovingness.
A*mor"pha (#), n.; pl.
Amorphas (#). [Gr. /
shapeless.] (Bot.) A genus of leguminous
shrubs, having long clusters of purple flowers; false or bastard
indigo.
Longfellow.
A*mor"phism (#), n. [See
Amorphous.] A state of being amorphous; esp.
a state of being without crystallization even in the minutest
particles, as in glass, opal, etc. There are stony
substances which, when fused, may cool as glass or as stone; the
glass state is spoken of as a state of
amorphism.
A*mor"phous (#), a. [Gr. /;
/ priv. + / form.] 1. Having no
determinate form; of irregular; shapeless.
Kirwan.
2. Without crystallization in the ultimate texture
of a solid substance; uncrystallized.
3. Of no particular kind or character;
anomalous.
Scientific treatises . . . are not seldom rude and
amorphous in style.
Hare.
-- A*mor"phous*ly, adv. --
A*mor"phous*ness, n.
\'d8A*mor`pho*zo"a (#), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / shapeless; / priv. + / form + /
animal.] (Zo\'94l.) Animals without a mouth
or regular internal organs, as the sponges.
A*mor`pho*zo"ic (#), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the
Amorphozoa.
A*mor"phy (#), n. [Gr. /: cf.
F. amorphie. See Amorphous.]
Shapelessness. [Obs.]
Swift.
A*mort" (#), a. [Pref.
a- + F. mort death, dead; all
amort is for alamort.] As if dead;
lifeless; spiritless; dejected; depressed.
Shak.
A*mor"tise (#), v.,
A*mor`ti*sa"tion (#), n.,
A*mor"tis*a*ble (#), a.,
A*mor"tise*ment (#), n.
Same as Amortize, Amortization, etc.
A*mor"tiz*a*ble (#), a. [Cf. F.
amortissable.] Capable of being cleared
off, as a debt.
A*mor`ti*za"tion (#), n. [LL.
amortisatio, admortizatio. See
Amortize, and cf. Admortization.]
1. (Law) The act or right of alienating
lands to a corporation, which was considered formerly as
transferring them to dead hands, or in mortmain.
2. The extinction of a debt, usually by means of a
sinking fund; also, the money thus paid.
Simmonds.
A*mor"tize (#), v. t. [OE.
amortisen, LL. amortisare,
admortizare, F. amortir to sell in
mortmain, to extinguish; L. ad + mors death. See
Mortmain]. 1. To make as if dead; to
destroy. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
2. (Law) To alienate in mortmain, that
is, to convey to a corporation. See Mortmain.
3. To clear off or extinguish, as a debt, usually
by means of a sinking fund.
A*mor"tize*ment (#), n. [F.
amortissement.] Same as
Amortization.
A*mor"we (#), adv. [Pref.
a- on + OE. morwe. See
Morrow.] 1. In the morning.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
2. On the following morning.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
A*mo"tion (#), n. [L.
amotio. See Amove.] 1.
Removal; ousting; especially, the removal of a corporate
officer from his office.
2. Deprivation of possession.
\'d8A*mo"tus (#), a. [L.,
withdrawn (from it/place).] (Zo\'94l.)
Elevated, -- as a toe, when raised so high that the tip does
not touch the ground.
A*mount" (#), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Amounted; p.
pr. & vb. n. Amounting.] [OF.
amonter to increase, advance, ascend, fr.
amont (equiv. to L. ad montem to the
mountain) upward, F. amont up the river. See
Mount, n.] 1. To go up;
to ascend. [Obs.]
So up he rose, and thence amounted straight.
Spenser.
2. To rise or reach by an accumulation of
particular sums or quantities; to come (to) in the
aggregate or whole; -- with to or
unto.
3. To rise, reach, or extend in effect, substance,
or influence; to be equivalent; to come practically
(to); as, the testimony amounts to very
little.
A*mount", v. t. To signify; to amount
to. [Obs.]
A*mount", n. 1. The sum total
of two or more sums or quantities; the aggregate; the whole
quantity; a totality; as, the amount of 7 and 9 is
16; the amount of a bill; the amount of this
year's revenue.
2. The effect, substance, value, significance, or
result; the sum; as, the amount of the testimony is
this.
The whole amount of that enormous fame.
Pope.
A*mour" (#), n. [F., fr. L.
amor love.] 1. Love;
affection. [Obs.]
2. Love making; a love affair; usually, an unlawful
connection in love; a love intrigue; an illicit love
affair.
In amours with, in love with.
[Obs.]
<-- p. 50 -->
\'d8A"mour` pro"pre (#). [F.]
Self-love; self-esteem.
A*mov`a*bil"i*ty (#), n.
Liability to be removed or dismissed from office.
[R.]
T. Jefferson.
A*mov"a*ble (#), a. [Cf. F.
amovible.] Removable.
A*move" (#), v. t. [L.
amovere; a- (ab) +
movere to move: cf. OF. amover.]
1. To remove, as a person or thing, from a
position. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.
2. (Law) To dismiss from an office or
station.
A*move", v. t. & i. [OE.
amovir, L. admovere to move to, to excite;
ad + movere.] To move or be moved; to
excite. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Am"pe*lite (#), n. [L.
ampelitis, Gr. /, fr. / vine.]
(Min.) An earth abounding in pyrites, used by the
ancients to kill insects, etc., on vines; -- applied by
Brongniart to a carbonaceous alum schist.
{ \'d8Am`p\'8are" (#), Am*pere"
(#), } n. [From the name of a
French electrician.] (Elec.) The unit of
electric current; -- defined by the International Electrical
Congress in 1893 and by U. S. Statute as, one tenth of the unit
of current of the C. G. S. system of electro-magnetic units, or
the practical equivalent of the unvarying current which, when
passed through a standard solution of nitrate of silver in water,
deposits silver at the rate of 0.001118 grams per second. Called
also the international amp\'8are.
{ \'d8Am`p\'8are"me`ter (#),
Am`pe*rom"e*ter (#), } n.
[Amp\'8are + meter.]
(Physics) An instrument for measuring the
strength of an electrical current in amp\'8ares.
Am"per*sand (#), n. [A
corruption of and, per se and, i. e., & by
itself makes and.] A word used to describe
the character /, /, or &.
Halliwell.
Am*phi-. [Gr. /.] A prefix in words of
Greek origin, signifying both, of both
kinds, on both sides, about,
around.
Am`phi*ar*thro"di*al (#), a.
[Pref. amphi- + arthrodial.]
Characterized by amphiarthrosis.
Am`phi*ar*thro"sis (#), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. / + / a joining, / a joint.]
(Anat.) A form of articulation in which the bones
are connected by intervening substance admitting slight motion;
symphysis.
Am"phi*as`ter (#), n. [NL., fr.
Gr. / + / a star.] (Biol.) The
achromatic figure, formed in mitotic cell-division, consisting of
two asters connected by a spindle-shaped bundle of rodlike fibers
diverging from each aster, and called the
spindle.
\'d8Am*phib"i*a (#), n. pl.
[See Amphibium.] (Zo\'94l.)
One of the classes of vertebrates.
(Anura); (2) The tailed (Urodela), as
the salamanders, and the siren group (Sirenoidea),
which retain the gills of the young state (hence called
Perennibranchiata) through the adult state, among
which are the siren, proteus, etc.; (3) The C\'d2cilians, or
serpentlike Amphibia (Ophiomorpha or Gymnophiona),
with minute scales and without limbs. The extinct Labyrinthodonts
also belonged to this class. The term is sometimes loosely
applied to both reptiles and amphibians collectively.
Am*phib"i*al (-al), a. & n.
Amphibian. [R.]
Am*phib"i*an (-an), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Amphibia;
as, amphibian reptiles.
Am*phib"i*an, n. (Zo\'94l.)
One of the Amphibia.
Am*phib`i*o*log"ic*al (#), a.
Pertaining to amphibiology.
Am*phib`i*ol"o*gy (#), n. [Gr.
/ amphibious + -logy: cf. F.
amphibiologie.] A treatise on amphibious
animals; the department of natural history which treats of the
Amphibia.
\'d8Am*phib`i*ot"i*ca (#), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / + / pertaining to life.]
(Zo\'94l.) A division of insects having aquatic
larv\'91.
Am*phib"i*ous (#), a. [Gr. /
living a double life, i. e., both on land
in water; / + / life.] 1. Having the
ability to live both on land and in water, as frogs, crocodiles,
beavers, and some plants.
2. Pertaining to, adapted for, or connected with,
both land and water.
The amphibious character of the Greeks was already
determined: they were to be lords of land and sea.
Hare.
3. Of a mixed nature; partaking of two
natures.
Not in free and common socage, but in this
amphibious subordinate class of villein socage.
Blackstone.
Am*phib"i*ous*ly, adv. Like an
amphibious being.
\'d8Am*phib"i*um (#), n.; pl.
L. Amphibia (#); E. Amphibiums
(#). [NL., fr. Gr. / (sc. / an animal). See
Amphibious.] An amphibian.
Am`phi*blas"tic (#), a. [Gr.
/ + / tending to sprout.] (Biol.)
Segmenting unequally; -- said of telolecithal ova with
complete segmentation.
Am"phi*bole (#), n. [Gr. /
doubtful, equivocal, fr. / to throw round, to doubt: cf. F.
amphibole. Ha\'81y so named the genus from the great
variety of color and composition assumed by the mineral.]
(Min.) A common mineral embracing many varieties
varying in color and in composition. It occurs in monoclinic
crystals; also massive, generally with fibrous or columnar
structure. The color varies from white to gray, green, brown, and
black. It is a silicate of magnesium and calcium, with usually
aluminium and iron. Some common varieties are
tremolite, actinolite, asbestus,
edenite, hornblende (the last name being
also used as a general term for the whole species). Amphibole is
a constituent of many crystalline rocks, as syenite, diorite,
most varieties of trachyte, etc. See Hornblende.
Am`phi*bol"ic (#), a. 1.
Of or pertaining to amphiboly; ambiguous; equivocal.
2. Of or resembling the mineral amphibole.
Am*phib`o*log"ic*al (#), a. Of
doubtful meaning; ambiguous. \'bdAmphibological
expressions.\'b8
Jer. Taylor.
-- Am*phib`o*log"ic*al*ly,
adv.
Am`phi*bol"o*gy (#), n.; pl.
Amphibologies (#). [L.
amphibologia, for amphibolia, fr. Gr. /,
with the ending -logia as if fr. Gr. / ambiguous +
/ speech: cf. F. amphibologie. See
Amphiboly.] A phrase, discourse, or
proposition, susceptible of two interpretations; and hence, of
uncertain meaning. It differs from equivocation, which
arises from the twofold sense of a single term.
Am*phib"o*lous (#), a. [L.
amphibolus, Gr. / thrown about, doubtful. See
Amphibole.]
1. Ambiguous; doubtful. [Obs.]
Never was there such an amphibolous quarrel -- both
parties declaring themselves for the king.
Howell.
2. (Logic) Capable of two
meanings.
An amphibolous sentence is one that is capable of
two meanings, not from the double sense of any of the words, but
from its admitting of a double construction; e.
g., \'bdThe duke yet lives that Henry shall
depose.\'b8
Whately.
Am*phib"o*ly (#), n.; pl.
Amphibolies (#). [L.
amphibolia, Gr. /: cf. OE. amphibolie.
See Amphibolous.] Ambiguous discourse;
amphibology.
If it oracle contrary to our interest or humor, we will create
an amphiboly, a double meaning where there is
none.
Whitlock.
Am"phi*branch (#), n. [L. /,
Gr. / short at both ends; / + / short.] (Anc.
Pros.) A foot of three syllables, the middle one long,
the first and last short (/ -- /); as,
h/b\'c7r/. In modern prosody the accented
syllable takes the place of the long and the unaccented of the
short; as,
pro-phet\'b6ic.
{ Am`phi*car"pic (#),
Am`phi*car"pous (#), } a.
[Gr. / + / fruit.] (Bot.)
Producing fruit of two kinds, either as to form or time of
ripening.
Am`phi*chro"ic (#), a. [Gr. /
+ / color.] (Chem.) Exhibiting or
producing two colors, as substances which in the color test may
change red litmus to blue and blue litmus to red.
{ Am`phi*c/"li*an (#),
Am`phi*c/"lous (#), } a.
[Gr. / hollowed all round; / + / hollow.]
(Zo\'94l.) Having both ends concave; biconcave;
-- said of vertebr\'91.
Am"phi*come (#), n. [Gr. /
with hair all round; / + / hair.] A kind of
figured stone, rugged and beset with eminences, anciently used in
divination. [Obs.]
Encyc. Brit.
Am*phic`ty*on"ic (#), a. [Gr.
/.] Of or pertaining to the Amphictyons or their
League or Council; as, an Amphictyonic town or
state; the Amphictyonic body.
W. Smith.
Am*phic"ty*ons (#), n. pl. [L.
Amphictyones, Gr. /. Prob. the word was orig. /
dwellers around, neighbors.] (Grecian Hist.)
Deputies from the confederated states of ancient Greece to a
congress or council. They considered both political and religious
matters.
Am*phic"ty*o*ny (#), n.; pl.
Amphictyonies (#). [Gr.
/.] (Grecian Hist.) A league of states of
ancient Greece; esp. the celebrated confederation known as the
Amphictyonic Council. Its object was to maintain the common
interests of Greece.
Am"phid (#), n. [Gr. / both:
cf. F. amphide.] (Chem.) A salt
of the class formed by the combination of an acid and a base, or
by the union of two oxides, two sulphides, selenides, or
tellurides, as distinguished from a haloid
compound. [R.]
Berzelius.
Am"phi*disc (#), n. [Gr. / +
/ a round plate.] (Zo\'94l.) A peculiar
small siliceous spicule having a denticulated wheel at each end;
-- found in freshwater sponges.
Am`phi*drom"ic*al (#), a. [Gr.
/ running about or around.] Pertaining to an Attic
festival at the naming of a child; -- so called because the
friends of the parents carried the child
around the hearth and then named it.
Am*phig"a*mous (#), a. [Gr. /
+ / marriage.] (Bot.) Having a structure
entirely cellular, and no distinct sexual organs; -- a term
applied by De Candolle to the lowest order of plants.
Am`phi*ge"an (#), a. [Gr. / +
/, /, the earth.] Extending over all the zones,
from the tropics to the polar zones inclusive.
Am"phi*gen (#), n. [Gr. / +
-gen: cf. F. amphig\'8ane.]
(Chem.) An element that in combination produces
amphid salt; -- applied by Berzelius to oxygen, sulphur,
selenium, and tellurium. [R.]
Am"phi*gene (#), n.
(Min.) Leucite.
Am`phi*gen"e*sis (#), n. [Gr.
/ + / generation.] (Biol.) Sexual
generation; amphigony.
Am*phig"e*nous (#), a.
(Bot.) Increasing in size by growth on all sides,
as the lichens.
Am`phi*gon"ic (#), a.
Pertaining to amphigony; sexual; as, amphigonic
propagation. [R.]
Am*phig"o*nous (#), a. [Gr. /
+ / a begetting.] Relating to both parents.
[R.]
Am*phig"o*ny (#), n. Sexual
propagation. [R.]
Am`phi*gor"ic (#), a. [See
Amphigory.] Nonsensical; absurd; pertaining
to an amphigory.
Am"phi*go*ry (#), n. [F.
amphigouri, of uncertain derivation; perh. fr. Gr. /
+ / a circle.] A nonsense verse; a rigmarole, with
apparent meaning, which on further attention proves to be
meaningless. [Written also
amphigouri.]
{ Am*phil"o*gism (#),
Am*phil"o*gy (#), } n.
[Gr. / + -logy.] Ambiguity of
speech; equivocation. [R.]
Am*phim"a*cer (#), n. [L.
amphimacru/, Gr. /; / on both sides + /
long.] (Anc. Pros.) A foot of three
syllables, the middle one short and the others long, as in
c\'best/t\'bes.
Andrews.
\'d8Am`phi*neu"ra (#), n. pl.
[NL., fr. / + / sinew, nerve.]
(Zo\'94l.) A division of Mollusca remarkable for
the bilateral symmetry of the organs and the arrangement of the
nerves.
\'d8Am`phi*ox"us (#), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. / + / sharp.] (Zo\'94l.) A
fishlike creature (Amphioxus lanceolatus), two or
three inches long, found in temperature seas; -- also called the
lancelet. Its body is pointed at both ends. It is the
lowest and most generalized of the vertebrates, having neither
brain, skull, vertebr\'91, nor red blood. It forms the type of
the group Acrania, Leptocardia, etc.
Am*phip"neust (#), n. [Gr. /
+ / one who breathes, / to breathe.]
(Zo\'94l.) One of a tribe of Amphibia, which have
both lungs and gills at the same time, as the proteus and
siren.
Am"phi*pod (#), n.
(Zo\'94l.) One of the Amphipoda.
{ Am"phi*pod (#), Am*phip"o*dan
(#), } a. (Zo\'94l.) Of
or pertaining to the Amphipoda.
\'d8Am*phip"o*da (#), n. pl.
[NL., FR. Gr. / + /, / foot.]
(Zo\'94l.) A numerous group of fourteen -- footed
Crustacea, inhabiting both fresh and salt water. The body is
usually compressed laterally, and the anterior pairs or legs are
directed downward and forward, but the posterior legs are usually
turned upward and backward. The beach flea is an example. See
Tetradecapoda and Arthrostraca.
Am*phip"o*dous (#), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the
Amphipoda.
Am*phip"ro*style (#), a. [L.
amphiprostylos, Gr. / having a double prostyle: cf.
F. amphiprostyle. See Prostyle.]
(Arch.) Doubly prostyle; having columns at each
end, but not at the sides. -- n. An
amphiprostyle temple or edifice.
\'d8Am`phi*rhi"na (#), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / + /, /, nose.]
(Zo\'94l.) A name applied to the elasmobranch
fishes, because the nasal sac is double.
\'d8Am`phis*b\'91"na (#), n.
[L., fr. Gr. /; / on both ends + / to go.]
1. A fabled serpent with a head at each end, moving
either way.
Milton.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of harmless
lizards, serpentlike in form, without legs, and with both ends so
much alike that they appear to have a head at each, and ability
to move either way. See Illustration in
Appendix.
Gordius aquaticus, or
hairworm, has been called an amphisb\'91na;
but it belongs among the worms.
\'d8Am`phis*b\'91"noid (#), a.
[NL., fr. L. amphisbaena +
-oid.] (Zo\'94l.) Like or
pertaining to the lizards of the genus Amphisb\'91na.
{ \'d8Am*phis"ci*i (#),
Am*phis"cians (#), } n. pl.
[Gr. / throwing a shadow both ways; / + /
shadow.] The inhabitants of the tropic, whose shadows
in one part of the year are cast to the north, and in the other
to the south, according as the sun is south or north of their
zenith.
Am*phis"to*mous (#), a. [Gr.
/ + / mouth.] (Zo\'94l.) Having a
sucker at each extremity, as certain entozoa, by means of which
they adhere.
Am`phi*sty"lic (#), a. [Gr. /
+ / pillar, support.] (Anat.) Having the
mandibular arch articulated with the hyoid arch and the cranium,
as in the cestraciont sharks; -- said of a skull.
{ Am`phi*the"a*ter, Am`phi*the"a*tre,
} (#), n. [L.
amphitheatrum, fr. Gr. /; / + / theater: cf. F.
amphith\'82\'83tre. See Theater.]
1. An oval or circular building with rising tiers
of seats about an open space called the arena.
2. Anything resembling an amphitheater in form;
as, a level surrounded by rising slopes or hills, or a rising
gallery in a theater.
Am`phi*the"a*tral (#), a. [L.
amphitheatralis: cf. F.
amphith\'82\'83tral.] Amphitheatrical;
resembling an amphitheater.
{ Am`phi*the*at"ric (#),
Am`phi*the*at"ric*al (#), } a.
[L. amphitheatricus.] Of, pertaining
to, exhibited in, or resembling, an amphitheater.
Am`phi*the*at"ric*al*ly, adv. In the
form or manner of an amphitheater.
\'d8Am*phit"ro*cha (#), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. / + / a wheel.]
(Zo\'94l.) A kind of annelid larva having both a
dorsal and a ventral circle of special cilia.
{ Am*phit"ro*pal (#),
Am*phit"ro*pous (#), } a.
[Gr. / + / to turn.] (Bot.) Having
the ovule inverted, but with the attachment near the middle of
one side; half anatropous.
<-- p. 51 -->
\'d8Am`phi*u"ma (#), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A genus of amphibians, inhabiting the
Southern United States, having a serpentlike form, but with four
minute limbs and two persistent gill openings; the Congo
snake.
Am`pho*pep"tone (#), n. [Gr.
/ + E. peptone.] (Physiol.) A
product of gastric digestion, a mixture of hemipeptone and
antipeptone.
\'d8Am"pho*ra (#), n.; pl.
Amophor\'91 (#). [L., fr. Gr. /,
/, a jar with two handles; / + / bearer, / to bear. Cf.
Ampul.] Among the ancients, a two-handled
vessel, tapering at the bottom, used for holding wine, oil,
etc.
Am"pho*ral (#), a. [L.
amphoralis.] Pertaining to, or resembling,
an amphora.
Am*phor"ic (#), a. (Med.)
Produced by, or indicating, a cavity in the lungs, not
filled, and giving a sound like that produced by blowing into an
empty decanter; as, amphoric respiration or
resonance.
Am`pho*ter"ic (#), a. [Gr. /
both.] Partly one and partly the other; neither acid
nor alkaline; neutral. [R.]
Smart.
Am"ple (#), a. [F.
ample, L. amplus, prob. for
ambiplus full on both sides, the last syllable akin to
L. plenus full. See Full, and cf.
Double.] Large; great in size, extent,
capacity, or bulk; spacious; roomy; widely extended.
All the people in that ample house
Did to that image bow their humble knees.
Spenser.
2. Fully sufficient; abundant; liberal; copious;
as, an ample fortune; ample
justice.
3. Not contracted of brief; not concise; extended;
diffusive; as, an ample narrative.
Johnson.
Syn. -- Full; spacious; extensive; wide; capacious;
abundant; plentiful; plenteous; copious; bountiful; rich;
liberal; munificent. -- Ample,
Copious, Abundant, Plenteous. These
words agree in representing a thing as large, but
under different relations, according to the image which is used.
Ample implies largeness, producing a sufficiency or
fullness of supply for every want; as, ample stores
or resources, ample provision. Copious
carries with it the idea of flow, or of collection at a single
point; as, a copious supply of materials.
\'bdCopious matter of my song.\'b8 Milton.
Abundant and plenteous refer to largeness
of quantity; as, abundant stores; plenteous
harvests.
Am*plec"tant (#), a. [L.
amplecti to embrace.] (Bot.)
Clasping a support; as, amplectant
tendrils.
Gray.
Am"ple*ness (#), n. The state
or quality of being ample; largeness; fullness;
completeness.
Am`plex*a"tion (#), n. [L.
amplexari to embrace.] An embrace.
[Obs.]
An humble amplexation of those sacred feet.
Bp. Hall.
Am*plex"i*caul (#), a. [L.
amplexus, p. p. of amplecti to encircle, to
embrace + caulis stem: cf. F.
amplexicaule.] (Bot.) Clasping
or embracing a stem, as the base of some leaves.
Gray.
Am"pli*ate (#), v. t. [L.
ampliatus, p. p. of ampliare to make wider,
fr. amplus. See Ample.] To
enlarge. [R.]
To maintain and ampliate the external possessions
of your empire.
Udall.
Am"pli*ate (#), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Having the outer edge prominent; said
of the wings of insects.
Am`pli*a"tion (#), n. [L.
ampliatio: cf. F. ampliation.]
1. Enlargement; amplification.
[R.]
2. (Civil Law) A postponement of the
decision of a cause, for further consideration or
re-argument.
Am"pli*a*tive (#), a.
(Logic) Enlarging a conception by adding to that
which is already known or received.
\'bdAll bodies possess power of attraction\'b8 is an
ampliative judgment; because we can think of bodies
without thinking of attraction as one of their immediate primary
attribute.
Abp. W. Thomson.
Am*plif"i*cate (#), v. t. [L.
amplificatus, p. p. of amplificare.]
To amplify. [Obs.]
Bailey.
Am`pli*fi*ca"tion (#), n. [L.
amplificatio.] 1. The act of
amplifying or enlarging in dimensions; enlargement;
extension.
2. (Rhet.) The enlarging of a simple
statement by particularity of description, the use of epithets,
etc., for rhetorical effect; diffuse narrative or description, or
a dilating upon all the particulars of a subject.
Exaggeration is a species of amplification.
Brande & C.
I shall summarily, without any amplification at
all, show in what manner defects have been supplied.
Sir J. Davies.
3. The matter by which a statement is amplified;
as, the subject was presented without
amplifications.
Am*plif"i*ca*tive (#), a.
Amplificatory.
Am*plif"i*ca*to*ry (#), a.
Serving to amplify or enlarge; amplificative.
Morell.
Am"pli*fi`er (#), n. One who or
that which amplifies.
Am"pli*fy (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Amplified
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Amplifying.] [F. amplifier,
L. amplificare. See Ample,
-fy.] 1. To render larger, more
extended, or more intense, and the like; -- used especially of
telescopes, microscopes, etc.
2. (Rhet.) To enlarge by addition or
discussion; to treat copiously by adding particulars,
illustrations, etc.; to expand; to make much of.
Troilus and Cressida was written by a Lombard author, but much
amplified by our English translator.
Dryden.
Am"pli*fy (#), v. i. 1.
To become larger. [Obs.]
Strait was the way at first, withouten light,
But further in did further amplify.
Fairfax.
2. To speak largely or copiously; to be diffuse in
argument or description; to dilate; to expatiate; -- often with
on or upon.
Watts.
He must often enlarge and amplify upon the subject
he handles.
South.
Am"pli*tude (#), n. [L.
amplitudo, fr. amplus: cf. F.
amplitude. See Ample.] 1.
State of being ample; extent of surface or space; largeness
of dimensions; size.
The cathedral of Lincoln . . . is a magnificent structure,
proportionable to the amplitude of the diocese.
Fuller.
2. Largeness, in a figurative sense; breadth;
abundance; fullness. (a) Of extent of
capacity or intellectual powers. \'bdAmplitude
of mind.\'b8 Milton. \'bdAmplitude of
comprehension.\'b8 Macaulay. (b) Of extent
of means or resources. \'bdAmplitude of
reward.\'b8 Bacon.
3. (Astron.) (a) The arc of the
horizon between the true east or west point and the center of the
sun, or a star, at its rising or setting. At the rising, the
amplitude is eastern or ortive: at the setting, it is western,
occiduous, or occasive. It is also northern or southern, when
north or south of the equator. (b) The arc of
the horizon between the true east or west point and the foot of
the vertical circle passing through any star or object.
4. (Gun.) The horizontal line which
measures the distance to which a projectile is thrown; the
range.
5. (Physics) The extent of a movement
measured from the starting point or position of equilibrium; --
applied especially to vibratory movements.
6. (math.) An angle upon which the value
of some function depends; -- a term used more especially in
connection with elliptic functions.
Magnetic amplitude, the angular distance of a
heavenly body, when on the horizon, from the magnetic east or
west point as indicated by the compass. The difference between
the magnetic and the true or astronomical amplitude (see 3 above)
is the \'bdvariation of the compass.\'b8
Am"ply (#), adv. In an ample
manner.
Am"pul (#), n. [AS.
ampella, ampolla, L. ampulla:
cf. OF. ampolle, F. ampoule.]
Same as Ampulla, 2.
\'d8Am*pul"la, n.; pl.
Ampull\'91 (#). [L. ]
1. (Rom. Antiq.) A narrow-necked vessel
having two handles and bellying out like a jug.
2. (Eccl.) (a) A cruet for the
wine and water at Mass. (b) The vase in which
the holy oil for chrism, unction, or coronation is kept.
Shipley.
3. (Biol.) Any membranous bag shaped
like a leathern bottle, as the dilated end of a vessel or duct;
especially the dilations of the semicircular canals of the
ear.
Am`pul*la"ceous (#), a. [L.
ampullaceus, fr. ampulla.] Like
a bottle or inflated bladder; bottle-shaped; swelling.
Kirby.
Ampullaceous sac (Zo\'94l.), one of
the peculiar cavities in the tissues of sponges, containing the
zooidal cells.
{ Am"pul*lar (#), Am`pul*la*ry
(#), } a. Resembling an
ampulla.
{ Am"pul*late (#), Am"pul*la`ted
(#) } a. Having an ampulla;
flask-shaped; bellied.
Am*pul"li*form (#), a.
[Ampulla + -form.]
Flask-shaped; dilated.
Am"pu*tate (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Amputated; p.
pr. & vb. n. Amputating.] [L.
amputatus, p. p. of amputare:
amb- + putare to prune, putus
clean, akin to E. pure. See Putative.]
1. To prune or lop off, as branches or
tendrils.
2. (Surg.) To cut off (a limb or
projecting part (of the body).
Wiseman.
Am`pu*ta"tion (#), n. [L.
amputatio: cf. F. amputation.]
The act amputating; esp. the operation of cutting of a limb
or projecting part of the body.
Am"pu*ta"tor (#), n. One who
amputates.
\'d8Am"pyx (#), n. [Gr.
/.] (Greek Antiq.) A woman's headband
(sometimes of metal), for binding the front hair.
\'d8Am*ri"ta (#), n. [Skr.
amrita.] (Hind. Myth.)
Immorality; also, the nectar conferring immortality. --
a. Ambrosial; immortal.
Am"sel, Am"zel (#),
n. [Ger. See Ousel.]
(Zo\'94l.) The European ring ousel (Turdus
torquatus).
A*muck" (#), a. & adv. [Malay
amoq furious.] In a frenzied and
reckless.
To run amuck, to rush out in a state of
frenzy, as the Malays sometimes do under the influence of
\'bdbhang,\'b8 and attack every one that comes in the way; to
assail recklessly and indiscriminately.
Satire's my weapon, but I'm too discreet
To run amuck, and tilt at all I meet.
Pope.
Am"u*let (#), n. [L.
amuletum: cf. F. amulette.] An
ornament, gem, or scroll, or a package containing a relic, etc.,
worn as a charm or preservative against evils or mischief, such
as diseases and witchcraft, and generally inscribed with mystic
forms or characters. [Also used figuratively.]
Am`u*let"ic (#), a. Of or
pertaining to an amulet; operating as a charm.
A*mur"cous (#), a. [LL.
amurcous, L. amurca the dregs of olives,
Gr. /, fr. / to pluck.] Full off dregs;
foul. [R.]
Knowles.
A*mus"a*ble (#), a. [Cf. F.
amusable.] Capable of being amused.
A*muse" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Amused (#);
p. pr. & vb. n. Amusing.]
[F. amuser to make stay, to detain, to amuse, /
(L. ad) + OF. muser. See Muse,
v.] 1. To occupy or engage the
attention of; to lose in deep thought; to absorb; also, to
distract; to bewilder. [Obs.]
Camillus set upon the Gauls when they were amused
in receiving their gold.
Holland.
Being amused with grief, fear, and fright, he could
not find the house.
Fuller.
2. To entertain or occupy in a pleasant manner; to
stir with pleasing or mirthful emotions; to divert.
A group children amusing themselves with pushing
stones from the top [of the cliff], and watching as they plunged
into the lake.
Gilpin.
3. To keep in extraction; to beguile; to
delude.
He amused his followers with idle promises.
Johnson.
Syn. -- To entertain; gratify; please; divert; beguile;
deceive; occupy. -- To Amuse,
Divert, Entertain. We are amused by
that which occupies us lightly and pleasantly. We are
entertained by that which brings our minds into
agreeable contact with others, as conversation, or a book. We are
diverted by that which turns off our thoughts to
something of livelier interest, especially of a sportive nature,
as a humorous story, or a laughable incident.
Whatever amuses serves to kill time, to lull the
faculties, and to banish reflection. Whatever
entertains usually a wakens the understanding or
gratifies the fancy. Whatever diverts is lively in its
nature, and sometimes tumultuous in its effects.
Crabb.
A*muse", v. i. To muse; to
mediate. [Obs.]
A*mused" (#), a. 1.
Diverted.
2. Expressing amusement; as, an amused
look.
A*muse"ment (#), n. [Cf. F.
amusement.] 1. Deep thought;
muse. [Obs.]
Here I . . . fell into a strong and deep amusement,
revolving in my mind, with great perplexity, the amazing change
of our affairs.
Fleetwood.
2. The state of being amused; pleasurable
excitement; that which amuses; diversion.
His favorite amusements were architecture and
gardening.
Macaulay.
Syn. -- Diversion; entertainment; recreation; relaxation;
pastime; sport.
A*mus"er (#), n. One who
amuses.
\'d8Am`u*sette" (#), n.
[F.] A light field cannon, or stocked gun mounted
on a swivel.
A*mus"ing (#), a. Giving
amusement; diverting; as, an amusing
story. -- A*mus"ing*ly,
adv.
A*mu"sive (?; 277), a. Having
power to amuse or entertain the mind; fitted to excite
mirth. [R.] --
A*mu"sive*ly, adv. --
A*mu"sive*ness, n.
A*my" (#), n. [F.
ami, fr. L. amicus.] A
friend. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
A*my"e*lous (#), a. [Gr. /
without marrow.] (Med.) Wanting the spinal
cord.
A*myg`da*la"ceous (#), a.
(Bot.) Akin to, or derived from, the
almond.
A*myg"da*late (#), a. [L.
amygdala, amygdalum, almond, Gr. /, /.
See Almond.] Pertaining to, resembling, or
made of, almonds.
A*myg"da*late, n. 1.
(Med.) An emulsion made of almonds; milk of
almonds.
Bailey. Coxe.
2. (Chem.) A salt amygdalic acid.
Am`yg*dal"ic (#), a.
(Chem.) Of or pertaining to almonds; derived from
amygdalin; as, amygdalic acid.
A*myg`da*lif"er*ous (#), a. [L.
amygdalum almond + -ferous.]
Almond-bearing.
A*myg"da*lin (#), n.
(Chem.) A glucoside extracted from bitter almonds
as a white, crystalline substance.
A*myg"da*line (#), a. [L.
amygdalinus.] Of, pertaining to, or
resembling, almonds.
A*myg"da*loid (#), n. [Gr. /
almond + -oid: cf. F.
amygdalo\'8bde.] (Min.) A
variety of trap or basaltic rock, containing small cavities,
occupied, wholly or in part, by nodules or geodes of different
minerals, esp. agates, quartz, calcite, and the zeolites. When
the imbedded minerals are detached or removed by decomposition,
it is porous, like lava.
{ A*myg"da*loid (#),
A*myg`da*loid"al (#), } a.
1. Almond-shaped.
2. Pertaining to, or having the nature of, the rock
amygdaloid.
Am"yl (#), n. [L.
amylum starch + -yl. Cf.
Amidin.] (Chem.) A hydrocarbon
radical, C5H11, of the paraffine series found in
amyl alcohol or fusel oil, etc.
Am`y*la"ceous (#), a. [L.
amylum starch, Gr. /. See Amidin.]
Pertaining to starch; of the nature of starch;
starchy.
Am"y*late (#), n. (Chem.)
A compound of the radical amyl with oxygen and a positive
atom or radical.
Am"y*lene (#), n. (Chem.)
One of a group of metameric hydrocarbons,
C5H10, of the ethylene series. The colorless,
volatile, mobile liquid commonly called amylene is a mixture of
different members of the group.
A*myl"ic (#), a. (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or derived from, amyl; as,
amylic ether.
Amylic alcohol (Chem.), one of the
series of alcohols, a transparent, colorless liquid, having a
peculiar odor. It is the hydroxide of amyl. -- Amylic
fermentation (Chem.), a process of
fermentation in starch or sugar in which amylic alcohol is
produced.
Gregory.
Am`y*lo*bac"ter, n. [L.
amylum starch + NL. bacterium. See
Bacterium.] (Biol.) A
micro\'94rganism (Bacillus amylobacter) which develops
in vegetable tissue during putrefaction.
Sternberg.
{ Am"y*loid (#), Am`y*loid"al
(#), } a. [L. amylum
starch + -oid.] Resembling or containing
amyl; starchlike.
Amyloid degeneration (Med.), a
diseased condition of various organs of the body, produced by the
deposit of an albuminous substance, giving a blue color with
iodine and sulphuric acid; -- called also waxy .
<-- p. 52 -->
Am"y*loid (#), n. 1. A
non-nitrogenous starchy food; a starchlike substance.
2. (Med.) The substance deposited in the
organs in amyloid degeneration.
Am`y*lo*ly"tic (#), a. [Gr. /
starch + / solvent; / to dissolve.]
(Physiol.) Effecting the conversion of starch
into soluble dextrin and sugar; as, an amylolytic
ferment.
Foster.
Am`y*lose" (#), n.
(Chem.) One of the starch group
(C6H10O5)n of the carbohydrates; as, starch,
arabin, dextrin, cellulose, etc.
Am"y*ous (#), a. [Gr.
/.] (Med.) Wanting in muscle; without
flesh.
Am"yss (#), n. Same as
Amice, a hood or cape.
An (#). [AS. \'ben one, the
same word as the numeral. See One, and cf.
A.] This word is properly an
adjective, but is commonly called the indefinite
article. It is used before nouns of the singular number
only, and signifies one, or any, but
somewhat less emphatically. In such expressions as \'bdtwice
an hour,\'b8 \'bdonce an age,\'b8 a
shilling an ounce (see 2d A, 2), it
has a distributive force, and is equivalent to each,
every.
An is used before a word beginning with a
vowel sound; as, an enemy, an hour. It in
also often used before h sounded, when the accent of
the word falls on the second syllable; as, an
historian, an hyena, an heroic deed. Many
writers use a before h in such positions.
Anciently an was used before consonants as well as
vowels.
An, conj. [Shortened fr. and,
OE. an., and, sometimes and if,
in introducing conditional clauses, like Icel. enda
if, the same word as and. Prob. and was
originally pleonastic before the conditional clause.]
If; -- a word used by old English authors.
Shak.
Nay, an thou dalliest, then I am thy foe.
B. Jonson.
An if, and if; if.
An"a-. [/Gr. / on; in comp., on, up,
upwards.] A prefix in words from the Greek, denoting
up, upward, throughout,
backward, back, again,
anew.
A"na (#), adv. [Gr. / (used
distributively).] (Med.) Of each; an equal
quantity; as, wine and honey, ana (or, contracted,
aa), / ij., that is, of wine and honey, each, two
ounces.
An apothecary with a . . . long bill of anas.
Dryden.
*a"na (#). [The neut. pl. ending of Latin
adjectives in -anus.] A suffix to names of
persons or places, used to denote a collection of notable
sayings, literary gossip, anecdotes, etc. Thus,
Scaligerana is a book containing the sayings of
Scaliger, Johnsoniana of Johnson, etc.
Used also as a substantive; as, the French
anas.
It has been said that the table-talk of Selden is worth all
the ana of the Continent.
Hallam.
An`a*bap"tism (#), n. [L.
anabaptismus, Gr. /: cf. F. anabaptisme.
See Anabaptize.] The doctrine of the
Anabaptists.
An`a*bap"tist (#), n. [LL.
anabaptista, fr. Gr. as if /:
cf. F. anabaptiste.]
A name sometimes applied to a member of any sect holding
that rebaptism is necessary for those baptized in infancy.
{ An`a*bap*tis"tic (#),
An`a*bap*tis"tic*al (#), } a.
Relating or attributed to the Anabaptists, or their
doctrines.
Milton. Bp. Bull.
An`a*bap"tist*ry (#), n. The
doctrine, system, or practice, of Anabaptists.
[R.]
Thus died this imaginary king; and Anabaptistry was
suppressed in Munster.
Pagitt.
An`a*bap*tize" (#), v. t. [Gr.
/, fr. / again + / to baptize. See Baptize.]
To rebaptize; to rechristen; also, to rename.
[R.]
Whitlock.
\'d8An"a*bas (#), n. [Gr. /,
p. p. of / to advance.] (Zo\'94l.) A
genus of fishes, remarkable for their power of living long out of
water, and of making their way on land for considerable
distances, and for climbing trees; the climbing fishes.
\'d8A*nab"a*sis (#), n. [Gr.
/, fr. / to go up; / up + / to go.] 1.
A journey or expedition up from the coast, like that of the
younger Cyrus into Central Asia, described by Xenophon in his
work called \'bdThe Anabasis.\'b8
The anabasis of Napoleon.
De Quincey.
2. (Med.) The first period, or increase,
of a disease; augmentation. [Obs.]
An`a*bat"ic (#), a. [Gr.
/.] Pertaining to anabasis; as, an
anabatic fever. [Obs.]
An`a*bol"ic (#), a. [Gr. /
something heaped up; / + / a stroke.]
(Physiol.) Pertaining to anabolism; an
anabolic changes, or processes, more or less
constructive in their nature.
A*nab"o*lism (#), n.
(Physiol.) The constructive metabolism of the
body, as distinguished from katabolism.
An`a*camp"tic (#), a. [Gr. /
to bend back; / back + / to bend.] Reflecting of
reflected; as, an anacamptic sound (and
echo).
catoptric. See Catoptrics.
An`a*camp"tic*al*ly (#), adv.
By reflection; as, echoes are sound produced
anacamptically.
Hutton.
An`a*camp"tics (#), n. 1.
The science of reflected light, now called
catoptrics.
2. The science of reflected sounds.
{ \'d8An`a*can"thi*ni (#),
An"a*canths (#), } n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / priv. + / thorny, fr. / thorn.]
(Zo\'94l.) A group of teleostean fishes destitute
of spiny fin-rays, as the cod.
An`a*can"thous (#), a.
Spineless, as certain fishes.
An`a*car"di*a"ceous (#), a.
(Bot.) Belonging to, or resembling, a family, or
order, of plants of which the cashew tree is the type, and the
species of sumac are well known examples.
An`a*car"dic (#), a. Pertaining
to, or derived from, the cashew nut; as, anacardic
acid.
\'d8An`a*car"di*um (#), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. / similar to + / heart; -- the fruit of
this plant being thought to resemble the heart of a bird.]
(Bot.) A genus of plants including the cashew
tree. See Cashew.
An`a*ca*thar"tic (#), a. [Gr.
/, fr. / to cleanse upward, i. e., by
vomiting; / + /. See Cathartic.]
(Med.) Producing vomiting or expectoration.
-- n. An anacatharic medicine; an
expectorant or an emetic.
\'d8An*ach"a*ris (#), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. / up + / grace.] (Bot.) A
fresh-water weed of the frog's-bit family
(Hydrocharidace\'91), native to America. Transferred
to England it became an obstruction to navigation. Called also
waterweed and water
thyme.
An*ach"o*ret (#), n.
An*ach`o*ret"ic*al (#), a.
See Anchoret, Anchoretic.
[Obs.]
An*ach"o*rism (#), n. [Gr. /
+ / place.] An error in regard to the place of an
event or a thing; a referring something to a wrong place.
[R.]
An`a*chron"ic (#),
An`a*chron"ic*al (#), a.
Characterized by, or involving, anachronism;
anachronistic.
An*ach"ro*nism (#), n. [Gr.
/, fr. / to refer to a wrong time, to confound times; / +
/ time: cf. F. anachronisme.] A
misplacing or error in the order of time; an error in chronology
by which events are misplaced in regard to each other, esp. one
by which an event is placed too early; falsification of
chronological relation.
An*ach`ro*nis"tic (#), a.
Erroneous in date; containing an anachronism.
T. Warton.
An*ach"ro*nize (#), v. t. [Gr.
/.] To refer to, or put into, a wrong time.
[R.]
Lowell.
An*ach"ro*nous (#), a.
Containing an anachronism; anachronistic. --
An*ach"ro*nous*ly,
adv.
An`a*clas"tic (#), a. [Gr. /
to bend back and break; to reflect (light); / + / to
break.] 1. (Opt.) Produced by the
refraction of light, as seen through water; as,
anaclastic curves.
2. Springing back, as the bottom of an
anaclastic glass.
Anaclastic glass, a glass or phial, shaped
like an inverted funnel, and with a very thin convex bottom. By
sucking out a little air, the bottom springs into a concave form
with a smart crack; and by breathing or blowing gently into the
orifice, the bottom, with a like noise, springs into its former
convex form.
An`a*clas"tics (#), n.
(Opt.) That part of optics which treats of the
refraction of light; -- commonly called
dioptrics.
Encyc. Brit.
\'d8An`a*c\'d2*no"sis (#), n.
[Gr. /, fr. /, to communicate; / up + / to make
common, / common.] (Rhet.) A figure by
which a speaker appeals to his hearers or opponents for their
opinion on the point in debate.
Walker.
An`a*co*lu"thic (#), a. Lacking
grammatical sequence. --
An`a*co*lu"thic*al*ly (#),
adv.
\'d8An`a*co*lu"thon (#), n.
[Gr. /, /, not following, wanting sequence; / priv. +
/ following.] (Gram.) A want of
grammatical sequence or coherence in a sentence; an instance of a
change of construction in a sentence so that the latter part does
not syntactically correspond with the first part.
An`a*con"da (#), n. [Of
Ceylonese origin?] (Zo\'94l.) A large South
American snake of the Boa family (Eunectes murinus),
which lives near rivers, and preys on birds and small mammals.
The name is also applied to a similar large serpent (Python
tigris) of Ceylon.
A*nac`re*on"tic (#), a. [L.
Anacreonticus.] Pertaining to, after the
manner of, or in the meter of, the Greek poet Anacreon; amatory
and convivial.
De Quincey.
A*nac`re*on"tic, n. A poem after the
manner of Anacreon; a sprightly little poem in praise of love and
wine.
An`a*crot"ic (#), a.
(Physiol.) Pertaining to anachronism.
A*nac"ro*tism (#), n. [Gr. /,
up, again + / a stroke.] (Physiol.) A
secondary notch in the pulse curve, obtained in a sphygmographic
tracing.
\'d8An`a*cru"sis (#), n. [Gr.
/, fr. / to push up or back; / + / to strike.]
(Pros.) A prefix of one or two unaccented
syllables to a verse properly beginning with an accented
syllable.
An"a*dem (#), n. [L.
anadema, Gr. /, fr. / to wreathe; / up + / to
bind.] A garland or fillet; a chaplet or wreath.
Drayton. Tennyson.
\'d8An`a*di*plo"sis (#), n.
[L., fr. Gr. /; / + / to double, /, /, twofold,
double.] (Rhet.) A repetition of the last
word or any prominent word in a sentence or clause, at the
beginning of the next, with an adjunct idea; as, \'bdHe
retained his virtues amidst all his misfortunes --
misfortunes which no prudence could foresee or
prevent.\'b8
An"a*drom (#), n. [Cf. F.
anadrome.] (Zo\'94l.) A fish
that leaves the sea and ascends rivers.
A*nad"ro*mous (#), a. [Gr. /
running upward; / + / a running, / to run.]
1. (Zo\'94l.) Ascending rivers from the
sea, at certain seasons, for breeding, as the salmon, shad,
etc.
2. (Bot.) Tending upwards; -- said of
terns in which the lowest secondary segments are on the upper
side of the branch of the central stem.
D. C. Eaton.
\'d8A*n\'91"mi*a (#), a. [NL.,
fr. Gr. /; / priv. + / blood.] (Med.)
A morbid condition in which the blood is deficient in
quality or in quantity.
A*n\'91m"ic (#), a. Of or
pertaining to an\'91mia.
An*a`\'89*rob"ic (#), a.
(Biol.) Relating to, or like, ana\'89robies;
ara\'89robiotic.
An*a"\'89r*o*bies (#), n. pl.
[Gr. / priv. + /, /, air + / life.]
(Biol.) Micro\'94rganisms which do not require
oxygen, but are killed by it.<-- anaerobe, anaerobes -->
Sternberg.
An*a`\'89r*o*bi*ot"ic (#), a.
(Anat.) Related to, or of the nature of,
ana\'89robies.
\'d8An`\'91s*the"si*a (#), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. /; / priv. + / feeling, / to feel: cf.
F. anesth\'82sie. See \'92sthetics.]
(Med.) Entire or partial loss or absence of
feeling or sensation; a state of general or local insensibility
produced by disease or by the inhalation or application of an
an\'91sthetic.
\'d8An`\'91s*the"sis (#), n.
See An\'91sthesia.
An`\'91s*thet"ic (#), a.
(Med.) (a) Capable of rendering
insensible; as, an\'91sthetic agents.
(b) Characterized by, or connected with,
insensibility; as, an an\'91sthetic effect or
operation.
An`\'91s*thet"ic, n. (Med.)
That which produces insensibility to pain, as chloroform,
ether, etc.
An*\'91s`the*ti*za"tion (#), n.
The process of an\'91sthetizing; also, the condition of the
nervous system induced by an\'91sthetics.
An*\'91s"the*tize (#), v. t.
(Med.) To render insensible by an
an\'91sthetic.
Encyc. Brit.
An"a*glyph (#), n. [Gr. /
wrought in low relief, / embossed work; / + / to
engrave.] Any sculptured, chased, or embossed ornament
worked in low relief, as a cameo.
{ An`a*glyph"ic (#),
An`a*glyph"ic*al (#), } a.
Pertaining to the art of chasing or embossing in relief;
anaglyptic; -- opposed to diaglyptic or sunk
work.
An`a*glyph"ic, n. Work chased or
embossed relief.
An`a*glyp"tic (#), a. [L.
anaglypticus, Gr. /, /. See
Anaglyph.] Relating to the art of carving,
enchasing, or embossing in low relief.
An`a*glyp"tics (#), n. The art
of carving in low relief, embossing, etc.
An`a*glyp"to*graph (#), n. [Gr.
/ + -graph.] An instrument by which a
correct engraving of any embossed object, such as a medal or
cameo, can be executed.
Brande & C.
An`a*glyp`to*graph"ic (#), a.
Of or pertaining to anaglyptography; as,
analyptographic engraving.
An`a*glyp*tog"ra*phy (#), n.
[Gr. / embossed + -graphy.] The art
of copying works in relief, or of engraving as to give the
subject an embossed or raised appearance; -- used in representing
coins, bas-reliefs, etc.
\'d8An`ag*nor"i*sis (#), n.
[Latinized fr. Gr. /; / + / to recognize.]
The unfolding or d\'82nouement. [R.]
De Quincey.
An`a*go"ge (#), n. [Gr. / a
leading up; / + / a leading, / to lead.] 1.
An elevation of mind to things celestial.
2. The spiritual meaning or application; esp. the
application of the types and allegories of the Old Testament to
subjects of the New.
{ An`a*gog"ic (#), An`a*gog"ic*al
(#), } a. Mystical; having a
secondary spiritual meaning; as, the rest of the
Sabbath, in an anagogical sense, signifies the repose of
the saints in heaven; an anagogical
explication. --
An`a*gog"ic*al*ly,
adv.
An`a*gog"ics (#), n. pl.
Mystical interpretations or studies, esp. of the
Scriptures.
L. Addison.
An"a*go`gy (#), n. Same as
Anagoge.
An"a*gram (#), n. [F.
anagramme, LL. anagramma, fr. Gr. / back,
again + / to write. See Graphic.]
Literally, the letters of a word read backwards, but in its
usual wider sense, the change or one word or phrase into another
by the transposition of its letters. Thus Galenus
becomes angelus; William Noy
(attorney-general to Charles I., and a laborious man) may be
turned into I moyl in law.
An"a*gram, v. t. To anagrammatize.
Some of these anagramed his name, Benlowes, into
Benevolus.
Warburton.
{ An`a*gram*mat"ic (#),
An`a*gram*mat"ic*al (#), } a.
[Cf. F. anagramtique.] Pertaining to,
containing, or making, anagram. --
An`a*gram*mat"ic*al*ly,
adv.
An`a*gram"ma*tism (#), n. [Gr.
/: cf. F. anagrammatisme.] The act or
practice of making anagrams.
Camden.
An`a*gram"ma*tist, n. [Cf. F.
anagrammatiste.] A maker anagrams.
An`a*gram"ma*tize (#), v. t.
[Gr. / cf. F. anagrammatiser.] To
transpose, as the letters of a word, so as to form an
anagram.
Cudworth.
An"a*graph (#), n. [Gr. / a
writing out, fr. / to write out, to record; / + / to
write.] An inventory; a record.
[Obs.]
Knowles.
{ \'d8An"a*kim (#), A"naks
(#), } n. pl. [Heb.]
(Bibl.) A race of giants living in
Palestine.
A"nal (#), a. [From
Anus.] (Anat.) Pertaining to, or
situated near, the anus; as, the anal fin or
glands.
A*nal"cime (#), n. [Gr. /
priv. + / strong, / strength: cf. F.
analcime.] (Min.) A white or
flesh-red mineral, of the zeolite, occurring in isometric
crystals. By friction, it acquires a weak electricity;
hence its name.
A*nal"cite (#), n. [Gr. /
weak.] Analcime.
An`a*lec"tic (#), a. Relating
to analects; made up of selections; as, an analectic
magazine.
{ An"a*lects (#), \'d8
An`a*lec"ta (#), } n. pl.
[Gr. /, fr. / to collect; / + / to gather.]
A collection of literary fragments.
\'d8An`a*lem"ma (#), n. [L.
analemma a sun dial on a pedestal, showing the
latitude and meridian of a place, Gr. / a support, or thing
supported, a sun dial, fr. / to take up; / + / to
take.] 1. (Chem.) An orthographic
projection of the sphere on the plane of the meridian, the eye
being supposed at an infinite distance, and in the east or west
point of the horizon.
<-- p. 53 -->
2. An instrument of wood or brass, on which this
projection of the sphere is made, having a movable horizon or
cursor; -- formerly much used in solving some common astronomical
problems.
3. A scale of the sun's declination for each day of
the year, drawn across the torrid zone on an artificial
terrestrial globe.
{ \'d8An"a*lep"sis (#),
An"a*lep"sy (#), } [Gr. / a taking
up, or again, recovery, from /. See Analemma.]
(Med.) (a) Recovery of strength after
sickness. (b) A species of epileptic attack,
originating from gastric disorder.
An"a*lep"tic (#), a. [Gr. /
restorative: cf. F. analeptique. See
Analepsis.] (Med.) Restorative;
giving strength after disease. -- n. A
restorative.
\'d8An`al*ge"si*a (#), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. /; / priv. + / sense of pain.]
(Med.) Absence of sensibility to pain.
Quain.
An`al*lag*mat"ic (#), a. [Gr.
/ priv. + / a change.] (Math.) Not
changed in form by inversion.
Anallagmatic curves, a class of curves of the
fourth degree which have certain peculiar relations to circles;
-- sometimes called bicircular quartics. --
Anallagmatic surfaces, a certain class of surfaces
of the fourth degree.
An`al*lan*to"ic (#), a.
(Anat.) Without, or not developing, an
allantois.
\'d8An`al*lan*toid"e*a (#), n. pl.
[Gr. / priv. + E. allantoidea.]
(Zo\'94l.) The division of Vertebrata in which no
allantois is developed. It includes amphibians, fishes, and lower
forms.
A*nal"o*gal (#), a.
Analogous. [Obs.]
Donne.
An`a*log"ic (#), a. [See
Analogous.] Of or belonging to analogy.
Geo. Eliot.
An`a*log"ic*al (#), a. 1.
Founded on, or of the nature of, analogy; expressing or
implying analogy.
When a country which has sent out colonies is termed the
mother country, the expression is analogical.
J. S. Mill.
2. Having analogy; analogous.
Sir M. Hale.
An`a*log"ic*al*ly, adv. In an analogical
sense; in accordance with analogy; by way of similitude.
A prince is analogically styled a pilot, being to
the state as a pilot is to the vessel.
Berkeley.
An`a*log"ic*al*ness, n. Quality of being
analogical.
A*nal"o*gism (#), n. [Gr. /
course of reasoning, fr. / to think over, to calculate]
1. Logic an argument from the cause to
the effect; an a priori argument.
Johnson.
2. Investigation of things by the analogy they bear
to each other.
Crabb.
A*nal"o*gist (#), n. One who
reasons from analogy, or represent, by analogy.
Cheyne.
A*nal"o*gize, v. i. To employ, or reason
by, analogy.
\'d8A*nal"o*gon (#), n. [Gr.
/.] Analogue.
A*nal"o*gous (#), a. [L.
analogous, Gr. / according to a due ratio,
proportionate; / + / ratio, proportion. See
Logic.] Having analogy; corresponding to
something else; bearing some resemblance or proportion; -- often
followed by to.
Analogous tendencies in arts and manners.
De Quincey.
Decay of public spirit, which may be considered
analogous to natural death.
J. H. Newman.
nalogous pole (Pyroelect.), that
pole of a crystal which becomes positively electrified when
heated.
Syn. -- Correspondent; similar; like.
-- A*nal"o gous*ly, adv. --
A*nal"o*gous*ness, n.
An"a*logue (?; 115), n. [F.
/, fr. Gr. /.] 1. That which is analogous
to, or corresponds with, some other thing.
The vexatious tyranny of the individual despot meets its
analogue in the insolent tyranny of the many.
I. Taylor.
2. (Philol.) A word in one language
corresponding with one in another; an analogous term; as, the
Latin \'bdpater\'b8 is the analogue of the English
\'bdfather.\'b8
3. (Nat. Hist.) (a) An organ
which is equivalent in its functions to a different organ in
another species or group, or even in the same group; as, the
gill of a fish is the analogue of a lung in a quadruped,
although the two are not of like structural relations.
(b) A species in one genus or group having its
characters parallel, one by one, with those of another
group. (c) A species or genus in one country
closely related to a species of the same genus, or a genus of the
same group, in another: such species are often called
representative species, and such genera,
representative genera.
Dana.
A*nal"o*gy (#), n.; pl.
Analogies (#). [L.
analogia, Gr. /, fr. /: cf. F.
analogie. See Analogous.] 1.
A resemblance of relations; an agreement or likeness between
things in some circumstances or effects, when the things are
otherwise entirely different. Thus, learning
enlightens the mind, because it is to the mind what
light is to the eye, enabling it to discover things
before hidden.
Followed by between, to, or
with; as, there is an analogy between these
objects, or one thing has an analogy to or
with another.
Analogy is very commonly used to denote
similarity or essential resemblance; but its specific meaning is
a similarity of relations, and in this consists the
difference between the argument from example and that
from analogy. In the former, we argue from the mere
similarity of two things; in the latter, from the similarity of
their relations.
Karslake.
2. (Biol.) A relation or correspondence
in function, between organs or parts which are decidedly
different.
3. (Geom.) Proportion; equality of
ratios.
4. (Gram.) Conformity of words to the
genius, structure, or general rules of a language; similarity of
origin, inflection, or principle of pronunciation, and the like,
as opposed to an/xex>.
Johnson.
An"a*lyse (#), v.,
An"a*ly`ser (#), n., etc.
Same as Analyze, Analyzer, etc.
A*nal"y*sis (#), n.; pl.
Analyses (#). [Gr. /, fr. / to
unloose, to dissolve, to resolve into its elements; / up + /
to loose. See Loose.] 1. A
resolution of anything, whether an object of the senses or of the
intellect, into its constituent or original elements; an
examination of the component parts of a subject, each separately,
as the words which compose a sentence, the tones of a tune, or
the simple propositions which enter into an argument. It is
opposed to synthesis.
2. (Chem.) The separation of a compound
substance, by chemical processes, into its constituents, with a
view to ascertain either (a) what elements it contains,
or (b) how much of each element is present. The former
is called qualitative, and the latter
quantitative analysis.
3. (Logic) The tracing of things to
their source, and the resolving of knowledge into its original
principles.
4. (Math.) The resolving of problems by
reducing the conditions that are in them to equations.
5. (a) A syllabus, or table of the
principal heads of a discourse, disposed in their natural
order. (b) A brief, methodical illustration
of the principles of a science. In this sense it is nearly
synonymous with synopsis.
6. (Nat. Hist.) The process of
ascertaining the name of a species, or its place in a system of
classification, by means of an analytical table or key.
Ultimate, Proximate,
Qualitative, Quantitative, and
Volumetric analysis. (Chem.) See
under Ultimate, Proximate,
Qualitative, etc.
An"a*lyst (#), n. [F.
analyste. See Analysis.] One who
analyzes; formerly, one skilled in algebraical geometry; now
commonly, one skilled in chemical analysis.
{ An`a*lyt"ic (#), An`a*lyt"ic*al
(#), } a. [Gr. /: cf. F.
analytique. See Analysis.] Of or
pertaining to analysis; resolving into elements or constituent
parts; as, an analytical experiment;
analytic reasoning; -- opposed to
synthetic.
Analytical or co\'94rdinate
geometry. See under Geometry. --
Analytic language, a noninflectional language or
one not characterized by grammatical endings. --
Analytical table (Nat. Hist.), a table
in which the characteristics of the species or other groups are
arranged so as to facilitate the determination of their
names.
An`a*lyt"ic*al*ly, adv. In an analytical
manner.
An`a*lyt"ics (#), n. The
science of analysis.
An"a*ly`za*ble (#), a. That may
be analyzed.
An`a*ly*za"tion (#), n. The act
of analyzing, or separating into constituent parts;
analysis.
An"a*lyze (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Analyzed
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Analyzing.] [Cf. F.
analyser. See Analysis.] To
subject to analysis; to resolve (anything complex) into its
elements; to separate into the constituent parts, for the purpose
of an examination of each separately; to examine in such a manner
as to ascertain the elements or nature of the thing examined;
as, to analyze a fossil substance; to
analyze a sentence or a word; to analyze an
action to ascertain its morality.
No one, I presume, can analyze the sensations of
pleasure or pain.
Darwin.
An"a*ly`zer (#), n. 1.
One who, or that which, analyzes.
2. (Opt.) The part of a polariscope
which receives the light after polarization, and exhibits its
properties.
An`a*mese" (#), a. Of or
pertaining to Anam, to southeastern Asia. --
n. A native of Anam.
\'d8An`am*ne"sis (#), n. [Gr.
/, fr. / to remind, recall to memory; / + / to put in
mind.] (Rhet.) A recalling to mind;
recollection.
An`am*nes"tic (#), a. [Gr.
/.] Aiding the memory; as, anamnestic
remedies.
An*am`ni*ot"ic (#), a.
(Anat.) Without, or not developing, an
amnion.
An`a*mor"phism (#), n. [Gr. /
again + / form.] 1. A distorted
image.
2. (Biol.) A gradual progression from
one type to another, generally ascending.
Huxley.
An`a*mor"pho*sis (#), n. [Gr.
/, fr. / to form anew; / again + / to form; /
form.] 1. (Persp.) A distorted or
monstrous projection or representation of an image on a plane or
curved surface, which, when viewed from a certain point, or as
reflected from a curved mirror or through a polyhedron, appears
regular and in proportion; a deformation of an image.
2. (Biol.) Same as Anamorphism,
2.
3. (Bot.) A morbid or monstrous
development, or change of form, or degeneration.
An`a*mor"pho*sy (#), n. Same as
Anamorphosis.
A*nan" (#), interj. [See
Anon.] An expression equivalent to What did
you say? Sir? Eh? [Obs.]
Shak.
\'d8A*na"nas (#), n. [Sp.
ananas, from the native American name.]
(Bot.) The pineapple (Ananassa
sativa).
An*an"drous (#), a. [Gr. /
priv. + / a man.] (Bot.) Destitute of
stamen/ as certain female flowers.
An*an"gu*lar (#), a. [Gr. /
priv. + E. angular.] Containing no
angle. [R.]
An*an"ther*ous (#), a. [Gr. /
priv. + E. anther.] (Bot.)
Destitute of anthers.
Gray.
An*an"thous (#), a. [Gr. /
priv. + / a flower.] (Bot.) Destitute of
flowers; flowerless.
An`a*p\'91st (#), An`a*p\'91s"tic
(#). Same as Anapest,
Anapestic.
An"a*pest (#), n. [L.
anapaestus, Gr. / an anapest, i.e., a
dactyl reserved, or, as it were, struck back; fr. /;
/ back + / to strike.] 1. (Pros.)
A metrical foot consisting of three syllables, the first two
short, or unaccented, the last long, or accented (#); the reverse
of the dactyl. In Latin d/-/-t\'bes,
and in English in-ter-vene/, are examples of
anapests.
2. A verse composed of such feet.
An`a*pes"tic (#), a. [L.
anapaesticus, Gr. /.] Pertaining to an
anapest; consisting of an anapests; as, an anapestic
meter, foot, verse. -- n.
Anapestic measure or verse.
An`a*pes"tic*al (#), a.
Anapestic.
\'d8A*naph"o*ra (#), n. [L.,
fr. Gr. /, fr. / to carry up or back; / + / to
carry.] (Rhet.) A repetition of a word or
of words at the beginning of two or more successive
clauses.
\'d8An*aph`ro*dis"i*a (#), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. / priv. + / sexual pleasure, / the
goddess of love.] (Med.) Absence of sexual
appetite.
An*aph`ro*dis"i*ac (#), a. & n.
[Gr. / priv. + / pertaining to venery.]
(Med.) Same as Antaphrodisiac.
Dunglison.
An*aph`ro*dit"ic (#), a. [Gr.
/ without love.] (Biol.) Produced without
concourse of sexes.
An`a*plas"tic (#), a. Of or
pertaining to anaplasty.
An`a*plas`ty (#), n. [Gr. /
again + / to form: cf. F. anaplastie.]
(Surg.) The art of operation of restoring lost
parts or the normal shape by the use of healthy tissue.
An`a*ple*rot"ic (#), a. [L.
anapleroticus, fr. Gr. / to fill up; / + / to
fill.] (Med.) Filling up; promoting
granulation of wounds or ulcers. -- n.
A remedy which promotes such granulation.
A*nap"no*graph (#), n. [Gr. /
respiration + -graph.] A form of
spirometer.
An`ap*no"ic (#), a. [Gr. /
respiration.] (Med.) Relating to
respiration.
An*ap`o*deic"tic (#), a. [Gr.
/; / priv. + /. See Apodeictic.] Not
apodeictic; undemonstrable. [R.]
\'d8An`a*poph"y*sis (#), n.
[Gr. / back + / offshoot.] (Anat.)
An accessory process in many lumbar vertebr\'91.
An`ap*tot"ic (#), a. [Gr. /
back + / belonging to case.] Having lost, or tending
to lose, inflections by phonetic decay; as,
anaptotic languages.
\'d8An*ap"ty*chus (#), n.; pl.
Anaptichi (#). [NL., fr. Gr. /
unfolding; / back + / to fold.] (Paleon.)
One of a pair of shelly plates found in some cephalopods, as
the ammonites.
An"arch (#), n. [Gr. /
without head or chief; / priv. + / beginning, the first
place, magistracy, government.] The author of anarchy;
one who excites revolt.
Milton.
Imperial anarchs doubling human woes.
Byron.
A*nar"chal (#), a. Lawless;
anarchical. [R.]
We are in the habit of calling those bodies of men
anarchal which are in a state of effervescence.
Landor.
{ A*nar"chic (#), A*nar"chic*al
(#), } a. [Cf. F.
anarchique.] Pertaining to anarchy; without
rule or government; in political confusion; tending to produce
anarchy; as, anarchic despotism; anarchical
opinions.
An"arch*ism (#), n. [Cf. F.
anarchisme.] The doctrine or practice of
anarchists.
An"arch*ist (#), n. [Cf. F.
anarchiste.] An anarch; one who advocates
anarchy of aims at the overthrow of civil government.
An"arch*ize (#), v. t. To
reduce to anarchy.
An"arch*y (#), n. [Gr. /: cf.
F. anarchie. See Anarch.] 1.
Absence of government; the state of society where there is
no law or supreme power; a state of lawlessness; political
confusion.
Spread anarchy and terror all around.
Cowper.
2. Hence, confusion or disorder, in general.
There being then . . . an anarchy, as I may term
it, in authors and their re/koning of years.
Fuller.
\'d8An`ar*throp"o*da (#), n. pl.
[NL., from Gr. / without joints + -poda. See
Anarthrous.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the
divisions of Articulata in which there are no jointed legs, as
the annelids; -- opposed to Arthropoda.
An`ar*throp"o*dous (#), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Having no jointed legs; pertaining to
Anarthropoda.
An*ar"throus (#), a. [Gr. /
without joints, without the article; / priv. + / joint, the
article.] 1. (Gr. Gram.) Used
without the article; as, an anarthrous
substantive.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Without joints, or having
the joints indistinct, as some insects.
\'d8A"nas (#), n. [L.,
duck.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of water fowls,
of the order Anseres, including certain species of fresh-water
ducks.
\'d8An`a*sar"ca (#), n. [NL.,
from Gr. / throughout + /, /, flesh.]
(Med.) Dropsy of the subcutaneous cellular
tissue; an effusion of serum into the cellular substance,
occasioning a soft, pale, inelastic swelling of the skin.
An`a*sar"cous (#), a.
Belonging, or affected by, anasarca, or dropsy;
dropsical.
Wiseman.
An`a*stal"tic (#), a. & n. [Gr.
/ <-- p. 54 --> fitted for checking, fr. / + / to
send.] (Med.) Styptic.
[Obs.]
Coxe.
An"a*state (#), n. [Gr. / up
+ / to make to stand.] (Physiol.) One of
a series of substances formed, in secreting cells, by
constructive or anabolic processes, in the production of
protoplasm; -- opposed to katastate.
Foster.
An`a*stat"ic (#), a. [Gr. /
up + / to make to stand: cf. / causing to stand.]
Pertaining to a process or a style of printing from
characters in relief on zinc plates.
In this process the letterpress, engraving, or design of
any kind is transferred to a zinc plate; the parts not covered
with ink are eaten out, leaving a facsimile in relief to be
printed from.
A*nas"to*mose (#), v. i.
[imp. p. p. Anastomozed
(#); p. pr. / vb. n.
Anastomosing.] [Cf. F.
anastomoser, fr. anastomose. See
Anastomosis.] (Anat. & Bot.) To
inosculate; to intercommunicate by anastomosis, as the arteries
and veins.
The ribbing of the leaf, and the anastomosing
network of its vessels.
I. Taylor.
\'d8A*nas`to*mo"sis (#), n.;
pl. Anastomoses (#). [NL.,
fr. Gr. / opening, fr. / to furnish with a mouth or opening,
to open; / + / mouth: cf. F. anastomose.]
(Anat. & Bot.) The inosculation of vessels, or
intercommunication between two or more vessels or nerves, as the
cross communication between arteries or veins.
A*nas`to*mot"ic (#), a. Of or
pertaining to anastomosis.
\'d8A*nas"tro*phe (#), n. [Gr.
/, fr. / to turn up or back; / + / to turn.]
(Rhet. & Gram.) An inversion of the natural order
of words; as, echoed the hills, for, the hills
echoed.
A*nath"e*ma (#), n.; pl.
Anathemas (#). [L.
anath/ma, fr. Gr. / anything devoted, esp. to
evil, a curse; also L. anath/ma, fr. Gr. / a
votive offering; all fr. / to set up as a votive gift,
dedicate; / up + / to set. See Thesis.]
1. A ban or curse pronounced with religious
solemnity by ecclesiastical authority, and accompanied by
excommunication. Hence: Denunciation of anything as
accursed.
[They] denounce anathemas against unbelievers.
Priestley.
2. An imprecation; a curse; a malediction.
Finally she fled to London followed by the
anathemas of both [families].
Thackeray.
3. Any person or thing anathematized, or cursed by
ecclesiastical authority.
The Jewish nation were an anathema destined to
destruction. St. Paul . . . says he could wish, to save them from
it, to become an anathema, and be destroyed
himself.
Locke.
Anathema Maranatha (#) (see 1
Cor. xvi. 22), an expression commonly considered
as a highly intensified form of anathema. Maran
atha is now considered as a separate sentence, meaning,
\'bdOur Lord cometh.\'b8
A*nath`e*mat"ic (#),
A*nath`e*mat"ic*al (#), a.
Pertaining to, or having the nature of, an anathema.
-- A*nath`e*mat"ic*al*ly,
adv.
A*nath"e*ma*tism (#), n. [Gr.
/ a cursing; cf. F. anath\'82matisme.]
Anathematization. [Obs.]
We find a law of Justinian forbidding anathematisms
to be pronounced against the Jewish Hellenists.
J. Taylor.
A*nath`e*ma*ti*za"tion (#), n.
[LL. anathematisatio.] The act of
anathematizing, or denouncing as accursed; imprecation.
Barrow.
A*nath"e*ma*tize (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Anathematized
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Anathematizing.] [L.
anathematizare, Gr. / to devote, make accursed: cf.
F. anath\'82matiser.] To pronounce an
anathema against; to curse. Hence: To condemn publicly as
something accursed.
Milton.
A*nath"e*ma*ti`zer (#), n. One
who pronounces an anathema.
Hammond.
\'d8A*nat"i*fa (#), n.; pl.
Anatif\'91 (#). [NL., contr. fr.
anatifera. See Anatiferous.]
(Zo\'94l.) An animal of the barnacle tribe, of
the genus Lepas, having a fleshy stem or peduncle; a
goose barnacle. See Cirripedia.
Anatif\'91, in the plural, is
often used for the whole group of pedunculated cirripeds.
A*nat"i*fer, (#), n.
(Zo\'94l.) Same as Anatifa.
An`a*tif"er*ous (#), a. [L.
anas, anatis, a duck +
-ferous.] (Zo\'94l.) Producing
ducks; -- applied to Anatif\'91, under the absurd
notion of their turning into ducks or geese. See
Barnacle.
An"a*tine (#), a. [L.
anatinus, fr. anas, anatis, a
duck.] (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the
ducks; ducklike.
A*nat"o*cism (#), n. [L.
anatocismus, Gr. /; / again + / to lend on
interest.] (Law) Compound interest.
[R.]
Bouvier.
{ An`a*tom"ic (#), An`a*tom"ic*al
(#), } a. [L.
anatomicus, Gr. /: cf. F. anatomique. See
Anatomy.] Of or relating to anatomy or
dissection; as, the anatomic art;
anatomical observations.
Hume.
An`a*tom"ic*al*ly, adv. In an anatomical
manner; by means of dissection.
A*nat"o*mism (#), n. [Cf. F.
anatomisme.] 1. The application of
the principles of anatomy, as in art.
The stretched and vivid anatomism of their [i.
e., the French] great figure
painters.
The London Spectator.
2. The doctrine that the anatomical structure
explains all the phenomena of the organism or of animal
life.
A*nat"o*mist (#), n. [Cf. F.
anatomiste.] One who is skilled in the art
of anatomy, or dissection.
A*nat`o*mi*za"tion (#), n. The
act of anatomizing.
A*nat"o*mize (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Anatomized
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Anatomizing.] [Cf. F.
anatomiser.] 1. To dissect; to cut
in pieces, as an animal vegetable body, for the purpose of
displaying or examining the structure and use of the several
parts.
2. To discriminate minutely or carefully; to
analyze.
If we anatomize all other reasonings of this
nature, we shall find that they are founded on the relation of
cause and effect.
Hume.
A*nat"o*mi`zer (#), n. A
dissector.
A*nat"o*my (#), n.; pl.
Anatomies (#). [F.
anatomie, L. anatomia, Gr. / dissection,
fr. / to cut up; / + / to cut.] 1. The
art of dissecting, or artificially separating the different parts
of any organized body, to discover their situation, structure,
and economy; dissection.
2. The science which treats of the structure of organic
bodies; anatomical structure or organization.
Let the muscles be well inserted and bound together, according
to the knowledge of them which is given us by
anatomy.
Dryden.
zomy; \'bdvegetable anatomy,\'b8 phytotomy;
\'bdhuman anatomy,\'b8 anthropotomy.
Comparative anatomy compares the structure of
different kinds and classes of animals.
3. A treatise or book on anatomy.
4. The act of dividing anything, corporeal or
intellectual, for the purpose of examining its parts; analysis;
as, the anatomy of a discourse.
5. A skeleton; anything anatomized or dissected, or
which has the appearance of being so.
The anatomy of a little child, representing all
parts thereof, is accounted a greater rarity than the skeleton of
a man in full stature.
Fuller.
They brought one Pinch, a hungry, lean-faced villain,
A mere anatomy.
Shak.
An`a*trep"tic (#), a.
[overturning, fr. / to turn up or over; / + / too
turn.] Overthrowing; defeating; -- applied to Plato's
refutative dialogues.
Enfield.
\'d8An"a*tron (#), n. [F.
anatron, natron, Sp. anatron,
natron, fr. Ar. al-natr/n. See
Natron, Niter.] [Obs.]
1. Native carbonate of soda; natron.
2. Glass gall or sandiver.
3. Saltpeter.
Coxe. Johnson.
{ A*nat"ro*pal (#), A*nat"ro*pous
(#), } a. [Gr. / up + / to
turn.] (Bot.) Having the ovule inverted at
an early period in its development, so that the chalaza is as the
apparent apex; -- opposed to orthotropous.
Gray.
A*nat"to (#), n. Same as
Annotto.
An"bur-y (#), Am"bur*y
(#), n. [AS. ampre,
ompre, a crooked swelling vein: cf. Prov. E.
amper a tumor with inflammation. Cf. the first
syllable in agnail, and berry a
fruit.] 1. (Far.) A soft tumor or
bloody wart on horses or oxen.
2. A disease of the roots of turnips, etc.; --
called also fingers and toes.
*ance. [F. -ance, fr. L.
-antia and also fr. -entia.] A
suffix signifying action; also, quality or state; as,
assistance, resistance, appearance,
elegance. See -ancy.
ance or -ence, according to the Latin
spelling.
An"ces*tor (#), n. [OE.
ancestre, auncestre, also
ancessour; the first forms fr. OF.
ancestre, F. anc\'88tre, fr. the L. nom.
antessor one who goes before; the last form fr. OF.
ancessor, fr. L. acc. antecessorem, fr.
antecedere to go before; ante before +
cedere to go. See Cede, and cf.
Antecessor.] 1. One from whom a
person is descended, whether on the father's or mother's side, at
any distance of time; a progenitor; a fore father.
2. (Biol.) An earlier type; a
progenitor; as, this fossil animal is regarded as the
ancestor of the horse.
3. (Law) One from whom an estate has
descended; -- the correlative of heir.
An`ces*to"ri*al (#), a.
Ancestral.
Grote.
An`ces*to"ri*al*ly, adv. With regard to
ancestors.
An*ces"tral (?; 277), a. Of,
pertaining to, derived from, or possessed by, an ancestor or
ancestors; as, an ancestral estate.
\'bdAncestral trees.\'b8
Hemans.
An"ces*tress (#), n. A female
ancestor.
An"ces*try (#), n. [Cf. OF.
ancesserie. See Ancestor.] 1.
Condition as to ancestors; ancestral lineage; hence, birth
or honorable descent.
Title and ancestry render a good man more
illustrious, but an ill one more contemptible.
Addison.
2. A series of ancestors or progenitors; lineage,
or those who compose the line of natural descent.
An"chor (#), n. [OE.
anker, AS. ancor, oncer, L.
ancora, sometimes spelt anchora, fr. Gr.
/, akin to E. angle: cf. F. ancre. See
Angle, n.] 1. A iron
instrument which is attached to a ship by a cable (rope or
chain), and which, being cast overboard, lays hold of the earth
by a fluke or hook and thus retains the ship in a particular
station.
shank, having at one end a transverse bar called a
stock, above which is a ring for the cable, and at the
other end the crown, from which branch out two or more
arms with flukes, forming with the shank a
suitable angle to enter the ground.
Formerly the largest and strongest anchor was the
sheet anchor (hence, Fig., best hope or
last refuge), called also waist anchor. Now
the bower and the sheet anchor are usually
alike. Then came the best bower and the small
bower (so called from being carried on the bows). The
stream anchor is one fourth the weight of the bower
anchor. Kedges or kedge anchors are light
anchors used in warping.
2. Any instrument or contrivance serving a purpose
like that of a ship's anchor, as an arrangement of timber to hold
a dam fast; a contrivance to hold the end of a bridge cable, or
other similar part; a contrivance used by founders to hold the
core of a mold in place.
3. Fig.: That which gives stability or security;
that on which we place dependence for safety.
Which hope we have as an anchor of the soul.
Heb. vi. 19.
4. (Her.) An emblem of hope.
5. (Arch.) (a) A metal tie
holding adjoining parts of a building together.
(b) Carved work, somewhat resembling an anchor or
arrowhead; -- a part of the ornaments of certain moldings. It is
seen in the echinus, or egg-and-anchor (called also
egg-and-dart,
egg-and-tongue) ornament.
6. (Zo\'94l.) One of the anchor-shaped
spicules of certain sponges; also, one of the calcareous spinules
of certain Holothurians, as in species of
Synapta.
Anchor ice. See under Ice. --
Anchor ring. (Math.) Same as
Annulus, 2 (b). -- Anchor stock
(Naut.), the crossbar at the top of the shank at
right angles to the arms. -- The anchor comes
home, when it drags over the bottom as the ship
drifts. -- Foul anchor, the anchor when it
hooks, or is entangled with, another anchor, or with a cable or
wreck, or when the slack cable entangled. -- The anchor
is acockbill, when it is suspended perpendicularly from
the cathead, ready to be let go. -- The anchor is
apeak, when the cable is drawn in do tight as to bring
to ship directly over it. -- The anchor is
atrip, or aweigh, when it is lifted
out of the ground. -- The anchor is awash,
when it is hove up to the surface of the water. --
At anchor, anchored. -- To back an
anchor, to increase the holding power by laying down a
small anchor ahead of that by which the ship rides, with the
cable fastened to the crown of the latter to prevent its coming
home. -- To cast anchor, to drop or let go an
anchor to keep a ship at rest. -- To cat the
anchor, to hoist the anchor to the cathead and pass the
ring-stopper. -- To fish the anchor, to hoist
the flukes to their resting place (called the bill-boards), and
pass the shank painter. -- To weigh anchor,
to heave or raise the anchor so as to sail away.
An"chor (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Anchored
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Anchoring.] [Cf. F.
ancrer.] 1. To place at anchor; to
secure by an anchor; as, to anchor a
ship.
2. To fix or fasten; to fix in a stable condition;
as, to anchor the cables of a suspension
bridge.
Till that my nails were anchored in thine eyes.
Shak.
An"chor, v. i. 1. To cast
anchor; to come to anchor; as, our ship (or the captain)
anchored in the stream.
2. To stop; to fix or rest.
My invention . . . anchors on Isabel.
Shak.
An"chor, n. [OE. anker,
ancre, AS. ancra, fr. L.
anachoreta. See Anchoret.] An
anchoret. [Obs.]
Shak.
An"chor*a*ble (#), a. Fit for
anchorage.
An"chor*age (#), n. 1.
The act of anchoring, or the condition of lying at
anchor.
2. A place suitable for anchoring or where ships
anchor; a hold for an anchor.
3. The set of anchors belonging to a ship.
4. Something which holds like an anchor; a hold;
as, the anchorages of the Brooklyn
Bridge.
5. Something on which one may depend for security;
ground of trust.
6. A toll for anchoring; anchorage duties.
Johnson.
An"cho*rage (#), n. Abode of an
anchoret.
An"chor*ate (#), a.
Anchor-shaped.
An"chored (#), a. 1.
Held by an anchor; at anchor; held safely; as, an
anchored bark; also, shaped like an anchor; forked;
as, an anchored tongue.
2. (Her.) Having the extremities turned
back, like the flukes of an anchor; as, an anchored
cross. [Sometimes spelt
ancred.]
An"cho*ress (#), n. A female
anchoret.
And there, a saintly anchoress, she dwelt.
Wordsworth.
An"cho*ret (#), An"cho*rite
(#), n. [F. anachor\'8ate, L.
anachoreta, fr. Gr. /, fr. / to go back, retire;
/ + / to give place, retire, / place; perh. akin to Skr.
h\'be to leave. Cf. Anchor a hermit.]
One who renounces the world and secludes himself, usually
for religious reasons; a hermit; a recluse. [Written
by some authors anachoret.]
Our Savior himself . . . did not choose an
anchorite's or a monastic life, but a social and
affable way of conversing with mortals.
Boyle.
{ An`cho*ret"ic (#),
An`cho*ret"ic*al (#), } a.
[Cf. Gr. /.] Pertaining to an anchoret or
hermit; after the manner of an anchoret.
An"cho*ret`ish (#), a.
Hermitlike.
An"cho*ret*ism (#), n. The
practice or mode of life of an anchoret.
An"chor-hold` (#), n. 1.
The hold or grip of an anchor, or that to which it
holds.
2. Hence: Firm hold: security.
An"cho*rite (#), n. Same as
Anchoret.
An"cho*ri`tess (#), n. An
anchoress. [R.]
An"chor*less (#), a. Without an
anchor or stay. Hence: Drifting; unsettled.
An*cho"vy (#), n. [Sp.
anchoa, anchova, or Pg. anchova,
prob. of Iberian origin, and lit. a dried or pickled fish, fr.
Bisc. antzua dry: cf. D. anchovis, F.
anchois.] (Zo\'94l.) A small
fish, about three inches in length, of the Herring family
(Engraulis encrasicholus), caught in vast numbers in
the Mediterranean, and pickled for exportation. The name is also
applied to several allied species.
<-- p. 55 -->
An*cho"vy pear` (#). (Bot.) A
West Indian fruit like the mango in taste, sometimes pickled;
also, the tree (Grias cauliflora) bearing this
fruit.
An"chu*sin (#), n. [L.
anchusa the plant alkanet, Gr. /.]
(Chem.) A resinoid coloring matter obtained from
alkanet root.
An"chy*lose (#), v. t. & i.
[imp. & p. p. Anchylosed
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Anchylosing.] [Cf. F.
ankyloser.] To affect or be affected with
anchylosis; to unite or consolidate so as to make a stiff joint;
to grow together into one. [Spelt also
ankylose.]
Owen.
\'d8An`chy*lo"sis, An`ky*lo"sis
(#), n. [NL., fr. Gr. /, fr. /, fr.
/ to crook, stiffen, fr. / crooked: cf. F.
ankylose.] 1. (Med.)
Stiffness or fixation of a joint; formation of a stiff
joint.
Dunglison.
2. (Anat.) The union of two or more
separate bones to from a single bone; the close union of bones or
other structures in various animals.
An`chy*lot"ic (#), a. Of or
pertaining to anchylosis.
An"cient (#), a. [OE.
auncien, F. ancien, LL.
antianus, fr. L. ante before. See
Ante-, pref.] 1. Old;
that happened or existed in former times, usually at a great
distance of time; belonging to times long past; specifically
applied to the times before the fall of the Roman empire; --
opposed to modern; as, ancient authors,
literature, history; ancient days.
Witness those ancient empires of the earth.
Milton.
Gildas Albanius . . . much ancienter than his
namesake surnamed the Wise.
Fuller.
2. Old; that has been of long duration; of long
standing; of great age; as, an ancient forest; an
ancient castle. \'bdOur ancient
bickerings.\'b8
Shak.
Remove not the ancient landmarks, which thy fathers
have set.
Prov. xxii. 28.
An ancient man, strangely habited, asked for
quarters.
Scott.
3. Known for a long time, or from early times; --
opposed to recent or new; as, the
ancient continent.
A friend, perhaps, or an ancient acquaintance.
Barrow.
4. Dignified, like an aged man; magisterial;
venerable. [Archaic]
He wrought but some few hours of the day, and then would he
seem very grave and ancient.
Holland.
5. Experienced; versed. [Obs.]
Though [he] was the youngest brother, yet he was the most
ancient in the business of the realm.
Berners.
6. Former; sometime. [Obs.]
They mourned their ancient leader lost.
Pope.
Ancient demesne (Eng. Law), a
tenure by which all manors belonging to the crown, in the reign
of William the Conqueror, were held. The numbers, names, etc., of
these were all entered in a book called Domesday
Book. -- Ancient lights (Law),
windows and other openings which have been enjoined without
molestation for more than twenty years. In England, and in some
of the United States, they acquire a prescriptive
right.
Syn. -- Old; primitive; pristine; antique; antiquated;
old-fashioned; obsolete. -- Ancient,
Antiquated, Obsolete, Antique,
Antic, Old. -- Ancient is opposed to
modern, and has antiquity; as, an ancient
family, ancient landmarks, ancient
institutions, systems of thought, etc.
Antiquated describes that which has gone out of use or
fashion; as, antiquated furniture,
antiquated laws, rules, etc. Obsolete
is commonly used, instead of antiquated, in reference
to language, customs, etc.; as, an obsolete word or
phrase, an obsolete expression. Antique
is applied, in present usage, either to that which has come down
from the ancients; as, an antique cameo, bust,
etc. ; or to that which is made to imitate some ancient work
of art; as, an antique temple. In the days of
Shakespeare, antique was often used for
ancient; as, \'bdan antique song,\'b8
\'bdan antique Roman;\'b8 and hence, from singularity
often attached to what is ancient, it was used in the sense of
grotesque; as, \'bdan oak whose antique root peeps
out; \'b8 and hence came our present word antic,
denoting grotesque or ridiculous. We usually apply both
ancient and old to things subject to
gradual decay. We say, an old man, an
ancient record; but never, the old stars,
an old river or mountain. In general, however,
ancient is opposed to modern, and
old to new, fresh, or
recent. When we speak of a thing that existed
formerly, which has ceased to exist, we commonly use
ancient; as, ancient republics,
ancient heroes; and not old republics,
old heroes. But when the thing which began or existed
in former times is still in existence, we use either
ancient or old; as, ancient
statues or paintings, or old statues or paintings;
ancient authors, or old authors, meaning
books.
An"cient, n. 1. pl.
Those who lived in former ages, as opposed to the
moderns.
2. An aged man; a patriarch. Hence: A governor; a
ruler; a person of influence.
The Lord will enter into judgment with the ancients
of his people, and the princes thereof.
Isa. iii. 14.
3. A senior; an elder; a predecessor.
[Obs.]
Junius and Andronicus . . . in Christianity . . . were his
ancients.
Hooker.
4. pl. (Eng. Law) One of the
senior members of the Inns of Court or of Chancery.
Council of Ancients (French Hist.),
one of the two assemblies composing the legislative bodies in
1795.
Brande.
An"cient, n. [Corrupted from
ensign.] 1. An ensign or
flag. [Obs.]
More dishonorable ragged than an old-faced
ancient.
Shak.
2. The bearer of a flag; an ensign.
[Obs.]
This is Othello's ancient, as I take it.
Shak.
An"cient*ly, adv. 1. In ancient
times.
2. In an ancient manner. [R.]
An"cient*ness, n. The quality of being
ancient; antiquity; existence from old times.
An"cient*ry (#), n. 1.
Antiquity; what is ancient.
They contain not word of ancientry.
West.
2. Old age; also, old people.
[R.]
Wronging the ancientry.
Shak.
3. Ancient lineage; ancestry; dignity of
birth.
A gentleman of more ancientry than estate.
Fuller.
An"cient*y (#), n. [F.
anciennet\'82, fr. ancien. See
Ancient.] 1. Age; antiquity.
[Obs.]
Martin.
2. Seniority. [Obs.]
\'d8An*ci"le (#), n. [L.]
(Rom. Antiq.) The sacred shield of the Romans,
said to have-fallen from heaven in the reign of Numa. It was the
palladium of Rome.
An"cil*la*ry (#), a. [L.
ancillaris, fr. ancilla a female
servant.] Subservient or subordinate, like a handmaid;
auxiliary.
The Convocation of York seems to have been always considered
as inferior, and even ancillary, to the greater
province.
Hallam.
An*cille" (#), n. [OF.
ancelle, L. ancilla.] A
maidservant; a handmaid. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
{ An*cip"i*tal (#), An*cip"i*tous
(#), } a. [L. anceps,
ancipitis, two-headed, double; an- for
amb- on both sides + caput head.]
(Bot.) Two-edged instead of round; -- said of
certain flattened stems, as those of blue grass, and rarely also
of leaves.
An*cis"troid (#), a. [Gr. /;
/ a hook + / shape.] Hook-shaped.
An"cle (#), n. See
Ankle.
An"come (#), n. [AS.
ancuman, oncuman, to come.] A
small ulcerous swelling, coming suddenly; also, a whitlow.
[Obs.]
Boucher.
\'d8An"con (#), n.; L. pl.
Ancones (#). [L., fr. Gr. / the
bent arm, elbow; any hook or bend.] (Anat.)
The olecranon, or the elbow.
Ancon sheep (Zo\'94l.), a breed of
sheep with short crooked legs and long back. It originated in
Massachusetts in 1791; -- called also the otter
breed.
{ An"con (#), An"cone
(#), } n. [See Ancon,
above.] (Arch.) (a) The corner or
quoin of a wall, cross-beam, or rafter. [Obs.]
Gwilt. (b) A bracket supporting a cornice;
a console.
{ An"co*nal (#), An*co"ne*al
(#), } a. (Anat.) Of or
pertaining to the ancon or elbow. \'bdThe olecranon on
anconeal process.\'b8
Flower.
\'d8An*co"ne*us (#), n. [NL.,
fr. L. ancon elbow.] (Anat.) A
muscle of the elbow and forearm.
An"co*noid (#), a. Elbowlike;
anconal.
An"co*ny (#), n. [Origin
unknown.] (Iron Work) A piece of malleable
iron, wrought into the shape of a bar in the middle, but
unwrought at the ends.
-an*cy. [L. -antia.-] A
suffix expressing more strongly than -ance the idea of
quality or state; as, constancy, buoyancy,
infancy.
And (#), conj. [AS.
and; akin to OS. endi, Icel.
enda, OHG. anti, enti,
inti, unti, G. und, D.
en, OD. ende. Cf, An if,
Ante-.] 1. A particle which
expresses the relation of connection or addition. It is used to
conjoin a word with a word, a clause with a clause, or a sentence
with a sentence.
(a) It is sometimes used emphatically; as, \'bdthere are
women and women,\'b8 that is, two very different sorts
of women.
(b) By a rhetorical figure, notions, one of which is modificatory
of the other, are connected by and; as, \'bdthe
tediousness and process of my travel,\'b8 that is, the
tedious process, etc.; \'bdthy fair and outward
character,\'b8 that is, thy outwardly fair character,
Schmidt's Shak. Lex.
2. In order to; -- used instead of the infinitival
to, especially after try, come,
go.
At least to try and teach the erring soul.
Milton.
3. It is sometimes, in old songs, a mere
expletive.
When that I was and a little tiny boy.
Shak.
4. If; though. See An,
conj. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
As they will set an house on fire, and it were but
to roast their eggs.
Bacon.
And so forth, and others; and the rest; and
similar things; and other things or ingredients. The
abbreviation, etc. (et cetera), or
&c., is usually read and so forth.
An"da*ba*tism (#), n. [L.
andabata a kind of Roman gladiator, who fought
hoodwinked.] Doubt; uncertainty.
[Obs.]
Shelford.
An`da*lu"site (#), n.
(Min.) A silicate of aluminium, occurring usually
in thick rhombic prisms, nearly square, of a grayish or pale
reddish tint. It was first discovered in Andalusia, Spain.
\'d8An*dan"te (#), a. [It.
andante, p. pr. of andare to go.]
(Mus.) Moving moderately slow, but distinct and
flowing; quicker than larghetto, and slower than
allegretto. -- n. A movement or
piece in andante time.
\'d8An`dan*ti"no (#), a. [It.,
dim. of andante.] (Mus.) Rather
quicker than andante; between that allegretto.
andante in its original
sense of \'bdgoing,\'b8 and andantino as its
diminutive, or \'bdless going,\'b8 define the latter as slower
than andante.
An"da*rac (#), n. [A corruption
of sandarac.] Red orpiment.
Coxe.
An*de"an, a. Pertaining to the
Andes.
An"des*ine (#), n. (Min.)
A kind of triclinic feldspar found in the
Andes.
An"des*ite (#), n. (Min.)
An eruptive rock allied to trachyte, consisting essentially
of a triclinic feldspar, with pyroxene, hornblende, or
hypersthene.
An"dine (#), a. Andean; as,
Andine flora.
And"i`ron (#), n. [OE.
anderne, aunderne, aundyre, OF.
andier, F. landier, fr. LL.
andena, andela, anderia, of
unknown origin. The Eng. was prob. confused with
brand-iron, AS.
brand-\'c6sen.] A utensil for
supporting wood when burning in a fireplace, one being placed on
each side; a firedog; as, a pair of
andirons.
An`dra*nat"o*my (#), n. [Gr.
/, /, man + /: cf. F. andranatomie. See
Anatomy, Androtomy.] The dissection
of a human body, especially of a male; androtomy.
Coxe.
\'d8An*dr\'d2"ci*um (#), n.
[NL., from Gr. /, /, man + / house.]
(bot.) The stamens of a flower taken
collectively.
An"dro*gyne (#), n. 1.
An hermaphrodite.
2. (Bot.) An androgynous plant.
Whewell.
{ An*drog"y*nous (#),
An*drog"y*nal (#), } a.
[L. androgynus, Gr. /; /, /, man + /
woman: cf. F. androgyne.] 1.
Uniting both sexes in one, or having the characteristics of
both; being in nature both male and female; hermaphroditic.
Owen.
The truth is, a great mind must be androgynous.
Coleridge.
2. (Bot.) Bearing both staminiferous and
pistilliferous flowers in the same cluster.
{ An*drog"y*ny (#),
An*drog"y*nism (#), } n.
Union of both sexes in one individual;
hermaphroditism.
{ An"droid (#), \'d8 An*droi"des
(#), } n. [Gr. / of man's form;
/, /, man + / form.] A machine or automaton in
the form of a human being.
An"droid, a. Resembling a man.
An*drom"e*da (#), n. [L., fr.
Gr. /, the daughter of Cepheus and Cassiopeia. When bound to a
rock and exposed to a sea monster, she was delivered by
Perseus.] 1. (Astron.) A northern
constellation, supposed to represent the mythical
Andromeda.
2. (bot.) A genus of ericaceous
flowering plants of northern climates, of which the original
species was found growing on a rock surrounded by water.
\'d8An"dron (#), n. [L.
andron, Gr. /, fr. /, /, man.] (Gr. &
Rom. Arch.) The apartment appropriated for the males.
This was in the lower part of the house.
An`dro*pet"al*ous (#), a. [Gr.
/, /, man + / leaf.] (Bot.) Produced
by the conversion of the stamens into petals, as double flowers,
like the garden ranunculus.
Brande.
\'d8An*droph"a*gi (#), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. /; /, /, man + / to eat.]
Cannibals; man-eaters; anthropophagi.
[R.]
An*droph"a*gous (#), a.
Anthropophagous.
An"dro*phore (#), n. [Gr. /,
/, man + / to bear.] 1. (Bot.)
A support or column on which stamens are raised.
Gray.
2. (Zo\'94l.) The part which in some
Siphonophora bears the male gonophores.
An"dro*sphinx (#), n. [Gr. /,
/, man + / sphinx.] (Egypt. Art.) A man
sphinx; a sphinx having the head of a man and the body of a
lion.
An"dro*spore (#), n. [Gr. /,
/, a man + / a seed.] (Bot.) A spore of
some alg\'91, which has male functions.
An*drot"o*mous (#), a.
(Bot.) Having the filaments of the stamens
divided into two parts.
An*drot"o*my (#), n. [Gr. /,
/, man + / a cutting. Cf. Anatomy.]
Dissection of the human body, as distinguished from
zo\'94tomy; anthropotomy. [R.]
*an"drous (#). [Gr. /, /, a
man.] (Bot.) A terminal combining form:
Having a stamen or stamens; staminate; as,
monandrous, with one stamen; polyandrous, with
many stamens.
A*near" (#), prep. & adv.
[Pref. a- + near.]
Near. [R.] \'bdIt did not come
anear.\'b8
Coleridge.
The measure of misery anear us.
I. Taylor.
A*near", v. t. & i. To near; to
approach. [Archaic]
A*neath" (#), prep. & adv.
[Pref. a- + neath for
beneath.] Beneath.
[Scot.]
An"ec*do`tage (#), n. Anecdotes
collectively; a collection of anecdotes.
All history, therefore, being built partly, and some of it
altogether, upon anecdotage, must be a tissue of
lies.
De Quincey.
An"ec*do`tal (#), a. Pertaining
to, or abounding with, anecdotes; as, anecdotal
conversation.
An"ec*dote (#), n. [F.
anecdote, fr. Gr. / not published; / priv. + /
given out, / to give out, to publish; / out + / to give.
See Dose, n.] 1.
pl. Unpublished narratives.
Burke.
2. A particular or detached incident or fact of an
interesting nature; a biographical incident or fragment; a single
passage of private life.
{ An`ec*dot"ic (#),
An`ec*dot"ic*al (#), } a.
Pertaining to, consisting of, or addicted to,
anecdotes. \'bdAnecdotical traditions.\'b8
Bolingbroke.
An"ec*do"tist (#), n. One who
relates or collects anecdotes.
An"e*lace (#), n. Same as
Anlace.
A*nele" (#), v. t. [OE.
anelien; an on + AS. ele oil, L.
oleum. See Oil, Anoil.]
1. To anoint.
Shipley.
2. To give extreme unction to.
[Obs.]
R. of Brunne.
An`e*lec"tric (#), a. [Gr. /
priv. + E. electric.] (Physics)
Not becoming electrified by friction; -- opposed to
idioelectric. -- n. A
substance incapable of being electrified by
friction.
Faraday.
An`e*lec"trode (#), n. [Gr. /
up + E. electrode.] (Elec.) The
positive pole of a voltaic battery.
\'d8An`e*lec*trot"o*nus (#), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. / up + E. electrotonus.]
(Physiol.) The condition of decreased
irritability of a nerve in the region of the positive electrode
or anode on the passage of a current of electricity through
it.
Foster.
A*nem"o*gram (#), n. [Gr. /
wind + -gram.] A record made by an
anemograph.
A*nem"o*graph (#), n. [Gr. /
wind + -graph.] An instrument for measuring
and recording the direction and force of the wind.
Knight.
<-- p. 56 -->
A*nem`o*graph"ic (#), a.
Produced by an anemograph; of or pertaining to
anemography.
An`e*mog"ra*phy (#), n. [Gr.
/ wind + -graphy.] 1. A
description of the winds.
2. The art of recording the direction and force of
the wind, as by means of an anemograph.
An`e*mol"o*gy (#), n. [Gr. /
wind + -logy.] The science of the
wind.
An`e*mom"e*ter (#), n. [Gr. /
wind + -meter.] An instrument for measuring
the force or velocity of the wind; a wind gauge.
{ An`e*mo*met"ric (#),
An`e*mo*met"ric*al (#), } a.
Of or pertaining to anemometry.
An`e*mo*met"ro*graph (#), n.
[Anemometer + -graph.] An
anemograph.
Knight.
An`e*mom"e*try (#), n. The act
or process of ascertaining the force or velocity of the
wind.
A*nem"o*ne (#), n. [L.
anemone, Gr. /, fr. / wind.] 1.
(Bot.) A genus of plants of the
Ranunculus or Crowfoot family; windflower. Some of the
species are cultivated in gardens.
2. (Zo\'94l.) The sea anemone. See
Actinia, and Sea anemone.
/n//-m//-n/, especially by classical
scholars.
An`e*mon"ic (#), a.
(Chem.) An acrid, poisonous, crystallizable
substance, obtained from, the anemone, or from anemonin.
A*nem"o*nin (#), n.
(Chem.) An acrid, poisonous, crystallizable
substance, obtained from some species of anemone.
A*nem"o*ny (#), n. See
Anemone.
Sandys.
An`e*morph"i*lous (#), a. [Gr.
/ wind + / lover.] (Bot.) Fertilized by
the agency of the wind; -- said of plants in which the pollen is
carried to the stigma by the wind; wind-Fertilized.
Lubbock.
A*nem"o*scope (#), n. [Gr. /
wind + -scope: cf. F. an\'82moscope.] An
instrument which shows the direction of the wind; a wind vane; a
weathercock; -- usually applied to a contrivance consisting of a
vane above, connected in the building with a dial or index with
pointers to show the changes of the wind.
{ An*en`ce*phal"ic (#),
An`en*ceph"a*lous (#), } a.
[Gr. /, priv. + / the brain: cf.
Encephalon.] (Zo\'94l.) Without a
brain; brainless.
Todd & B.
{ A*nenst" (#), A*nent"
(#), } prep. [OE.
anent, anentis, anence,
anens, anents, AS. onefen,
onemn; an, on, on +
efen even, equal; hence meaning, on an equality with,
even with, beside. See Even, a.]
[Scot. & Prov. Eng.] 1. Over against;
as, he lives anent the church.
2. About; concerning; in respect; as, he said
nothing anent this particular.
An*en"ter*ous (#), a. [Gr. /
priv. + / intestine, / within, / in.]
(Zo\'94l.) Destitute of a stomach or an
intestine.
Owen.
An"e*roid (#), a. [Gr. /
priv. + / wet, moist + -oid: cf. F.
an\'82ro\'8bde.] Containing no liquid; --
said of kind of barometer.
Aneroid barometer, a barometer the action of
which depends on the varying pressure of the atmosphere upon the
elastic top of a metallic box (shaped like a watch) from which
the air has been exhausted. An index shows the variation of
pressure.
An"e*roid, n. An aneroid
barometer.
Anes (#), adv. Once.
[Scot.]
Sir W. Scott.
\'d8An`es*the"si*a (#), n.,
An`es*thet"ic (#), a. Same as
An\'91sthesia, An\'91sthetic.
An"et (#), n. [F.
aneth, fr. L. anethum, Gr. /. See
Anise.] The herb dill, or dillseed.
An"e*thol (#), n. [L.
anethum (see Anise) + -ol.]
(Chem.) A substance obtained from the volatile
oils of anise, fennel, etc., in the form of soft shining scales;
-- called also anise camphor.
Watts.
A*net"ic (#), a. [L.
aneticus, Gr. / relaxing; / back + / to
send.] (Med.) Soothing.
An"eu*rism (#), n. [Gr. /,
/, a widening, an opening; / up + / wide.]
(Med.) A soft, pulsating, hollow tumor,
containing blood, arising from the preternatural dilation or
rupture of the coats of an artery. [Written also
aneurysm.]
An`eu*ris"mal (#), a.
(Med.) Of or pertaining to an aneurism; as,
an aneurismal tumor; aneurismal
diathesis. [Written also
aneurysmal.]
A*new" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- + new.] Over again; another
time; in a new form; afresh; as, to arm anew; to
create anew.
Dryden.
An*frac"tu*ose` (?; 135), a.
[See Anfractuous.] Anfractuous; as,
anfractuose anthers.
An*frac`tu*os"i*ty (#), n.;
l. Anfractuosities (#). [Cf. F.
anfractuosit\'82.] 1. A state of
being anfractuous, or full of windings and turnings;
sinuosity.
The anfractuosities of his intellect and
temper.
Macaulay.
2. (Anat.) A sinuous depression or
sulcus like those separating the convolutions of the brain.
An*frac"tu*ous (#), a. [L.
anfractuosus, fr. anfractus a turning, a
winding, fr. the unused anfringere to wind, bend;
an-, for amb- + fractus, p. p.
of frangere to break: cf. F.
anfractueux.] Winding; full of windings and
turnings; sinuous; tortuous; as, the anfractuous
spires of a born. --
An*frac"tu*ous*ness,
n.
An*frac"ture (#), n. A mazy
winding.
An*ga"ri*a"tion (#), n. [LL.
angariatio, fr. L. angaria service to a
lord, villenage, fr. anga//us, Gr. / (a Persian
word), a courier for carrying royal dispatches.]
Exaction of forced service; compulsion.
[Obs.]
Speed.
An`gei*ol"o*gy (#), n.,
An`gei*ot"o*my, etc. Same as
Angiology, Angiotomy, etc.
An"gel (#), n. [AS.
\'91angel, engel, influenced by OF.
angele, angle, F. ange. Both the
AS. and the OF. words are from L. angelus, Gr. /
messenger, a messenger of God, an angel.] 1.
A messenger. [R.]
The dear good angel of the Spring,
The nightingale.
B. Jonson.
2. A spiritual, celestial being, superior to man in
power and intelligence. In the Scriptures the angels appear as
God's messengers.
O, welcome, pure-eyed Faith, white-handed Hope,
Thou hovering angel, girt with golden wings.
Milton.
3. One of a class of \'bdfallen angels;\'b8 an evil
spirit; as, the devil and his angels.
4. A minister or pastor of a church, as in the
Seven Asiatic churches. [Archaic]
Unto-the angel of the church of Ephesus write.
Rev. ii. 1.
5. Attendant spirit; genius; demon.
Shak.
6. An appellation given to a person supposed to be
of angelic goodness or loveliness; a darling.
When pain and anguish wring the brow.
Sir W. Scott.
7. (Numis.) An ancient gold coin of
England, bearing the figure of the archangel Michael. It varied
in value from 6s. 8d. to
10s.
Amer. Cyc.
Angel is sometimes used adjectively; as,
angel grace; angel whiteness.
Angel bed, a bed without posts. --
Angel fish. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A
species of shark (Squatina angelus) from six to eight
feet long, found on the coasts of Europe and North America. It
takes its name from its pectoral fins, which are very large and
extend horizontally like wings when spread. (b) One of
several species of compressed, bright colored fishes warm seas,
belonging to the family, Ch\'91todontid\'91. --
Angel gold, standard gold. [Obs.]
Fuller. -- Angel shark. See
Angel fish. -- Angel shot
(Mil.), a kind of chain shot. -- Angel
water, a perfumed liquid made at first chiefly from
angelica; afterwards containing rose, myrtle, and
orange-flower waters, with ambergris, etc.
[Obs.]
An"gel*age (#), n. Existence or
state of angels.
An"gel*et (#), n. [OF.
angelet.] A small gold coin formerly
current in England; a half angel.
Eng. Cyc.
An"gel fish. See under Angel.
An"gel*hood (#), n. The state
of being an angel; angelic nature.
Mrs. Browning.
{ An*gel"ic (#), An*gel"ic*al
(#), } a. [L.
angelicus, Gr. /: cf. F.
ang\'82lique.] Belonging to, or proceeding
from, angels; resembling, characteristic of, or partaking of the
nature of, an angel; heavenly; divine.
\'bdAngelic harps.\'b8
Thomson.\'bdAngelical actions.\'b8
Hooker.
The union of womanly tenderness and angelic
patience.
Macaulay.
Angelic Hymn, a very ancient hymn of the
Christian Church; -- so called from its beginning with the song
of the heavenly host recorded in Luke ii. 14.
Eadie.
An*gel"ic, a. [From
Angelica.] (Chem.) Of or derived
from angelica; as, angelic acid; angelic
ether.
Angelic acid, an acid obtained from angelica
and some other plants.
An*gel"i*ca (#), n. [NL. See
Angelic.] (Bot.) 1. An
aromatic umbelliferous plant (Archangelica officinalis
or Angelica archangelica) the leaf stalks of which are
sometimes candied and used in confectionery, and the roots and
seeds as an aromatic tonic.
2. The candied leaf stalks of angelica.
Angelica tree, a thorny North American shrub
(Aralia spinosa), called also Hercules'
club.
An*gel"ic*al*ly (#), adv. Like
an angel.
An*gel"ic*al*ness, n. The quality of
being angelic; excellence more than human.
An*gel"i*fy (#), v. t. To make
like an angel; to angelize. [Obs.]
Farindon (1647).
An"gel*ize (#), v. t. To raise
to the state of an angel; to render angelic.
It ought not to be our object to angelize, nor to
brutalize, but to humanize man.
W. Taylor.
An"gel*like` (#), a. & adv.
Resembling an angel.
An`gel*ol"a*try (#), n. [Gr.
/ angel + / service, worship.] Worship paid to
angels.
An`gel*ol"o*gy (#), n. [L.
angelus, Gr. / + -logy.] A
discourse on angels, or a body of doctrines in regard to
angels.
The same mythology commanded the general consent; the same
angelology, demonology.
Milman.
An`gel*oph"a*ny (#), n. [Gr.
/ angel + / to appear.] The actual appearance of
an angel to man.
An"ge*lot (#), n. [F.
angelot, LL. angelotus,
angellotus, dim. of angelus. See
Angel.] 1. A French gold coin of the
reign of Louis XI., bearing the image of St. Michael; also, a
piece coined at Paris by the English under Henry VI.
[Obs.]
2. An instrument of music, of the lute kind, now
disused.
Johnson. R. Browning.
3. A sort of small, rich cheese, made in
Normandy.
\'d8An"ge*lus (#), n.
[L.] (R. C. Ch.) (a) A form
of devotion in which three Ave Marias are repeated. It is said at
morning, noon, and evening, at the sound of a bell.
(b) The Angelus bell.
Shipley.
An"ger (#), n. [OE.
anger, angre, affliction, anger, fr. Icel.
angr affliction, sorrow; akin to Dan. anger
regret, Swed. \'86nger regret, AS. ange
oppressed, sad, L. angor a strangling, anguish,
angere to strangle, Gr. / to strangle, Skr.
amhas pain, and to. anguish,
anxious, quinsy, and perh. awe,
ugly. The word seems to have orig. meant to
choke, squeeze. /.] 1.
Trouble; vexation; also, physical pain or smart of a sore,
etc. [Obs.]
I made the experiment, setting the moxa where . . . the
greatest anger and soreness still continued.
Temple.
2. A strong passion or emotion of displeasure or
antagonism, excited by a real or supposed injury or insult to
one's self or others, or by the intent to do such injury.
Anger is like
A full hot horse, who being allowed his way,
Self-mettle tires him.
Shak.
Syn. -- Resentment; wrath; rage; fury; passion; ire gall;
choler; indignation; displeasure; vexation; grudge; spleen.
-- Anger, Indignation,
Resentment, Wrath, Ire, Rage,
Fury. Anger is a feeling of keen displeasure
(usually with a desire to punish) for what we regard as wrong
toward ourselves or others. It may be excessive or misplaced, but
is not necessarily criminal. Indignation is a generous
outburst of anger in view of things which are indigna,
or unworthy to be done, involving what is mean, cruel,
flagitious, etc., in character or conduct. Resentment
is often a moody feeling, leading one to brood over his supposed
personal wrongs with a deep and lasting anger. See
Resentment. Wrath and ire (the
last poetical) express the feelings of one who is bitterly
provoked. Rage is a vehement ebullition of anger; and
fury is an excess of rage, amounting almost to
madness. Warmth of constitution often gives rise to
anger; a high sense of honor creates
indignation at crime; a man of quick sensibilities is
apt to cherish resentment; the wrath and
ire of men are often connected with a haughty and
vindictive spirit; rage and fury are
distempers of the soul to be regarded only with
abhorrence.
An"ger (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Angered
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Angering.] [Cf. Icel.
angra.] 1. To make painful; to
cause to smart; to inflame. [Obs.]
He . . . angereth malign ulcers.
Bacon.
2. To excite to anger; to enrage; to provoke.
Taxes and impositions . . . which rather angered
than grieved the people.
Clarendon.
An"ger*ly, adv. Angrily.
[Obs. or Poetic]
Why, how now, Hecate! you look angerly.
Shak.
An"ge*vine (#), a. [F.
Angevin.] Of or pertaining to Anjou in
France. -- n. A native of Anjou.
\'d8An`gi*en"chy*ma (#), n.
[Gr. / receptacle + /. Formed like
Parenchyma.] (Bot.) Vascular
tissue of plants, consisting of spiral vessels, dotted, barred,
and pitted ducts, and laticiferous vessels.
\'d8An*gi"na (#), n. [L., fr.
angere to strangle, to choke. See Anger,
n.] (Med.) Any inflammatory affection of
the throat or faces, as the quinsy, malignant sore throat, croup,
etc., especially such as tends to produce suffocation, choking,
or shortness of breath.
Angina pectoris (#), a peculiarly
painful disease, so named from a sense of suffocating contraction
or tightening of the lower part of the chest; -- called also
breast pang, spasm of the
chest.
{ An"gi*nous (#), An"gi*nose`
(#), } a. (Med.)
Pertaining to angina or angina pectoris.
An"gi*o- (#). [Gr. / vessel
receptacle.] A prefix, or combining form, in numerous
compounds, usually relating to seed or blood vessels, or to
something contained in, or covered by, a vessel.
An`gi*o*car"pous (#), a.
[Angio- + Gr. / fruit.] (Bot.)
(a) Having fruit inclosed within a covering that
does not form a part of itself; as, the filbert covered by
its husk, or the acorn seated in its cupule. Brande &
C. (b) Having the seeds or spores
covered, as in certain lichens.
Gray.
An`gi*of"ra*phy (#), n.
[Angio- + -graphy: cf. F.
angiographie.] (Anat.) A
description of blood vessels and lymphatics.
An`gi*ol"o*gy (#), n.
[Angio- + -logy.]
(Anat.) That part of anatomy which treats of
blood vessels and lymphatics.
\'d8An`gi*o"ma (#), n.
[[Angio- + -oma.]
(Med.) A tumor composed chiefly of dilated blood
vessels.
An`gi*o*mon`o*sper"mous (#), a.
[Angio- + monospermous.]
(Bot.) Producing one seed only in a seed
pod.
An"gi*o*scope (#), n.
[Angio- + -scope.] An
instrument for examining the capillary vessels of animals and
plants.
Morin.
An"gi*o*sperm (#), n.
[Angio- + Gr. /, /, seed.]
(Bot.) A plant which has its seeds inclosed in a
pericarp.
angiosperms,
while the pines, spruce, hemlock, and the allied varieties, are
gymnosperms.
An`gi*o*sper"ma*tous (#), a.
(Bot.) Same as Angiospermous.
An`gi*o*sper"mous (#), a.
(Bot.) Having seeds inclosed in a pod or other
pericarp.
An`gi*os"po*rous (#), a.
[Angio- + spore.]
(Bot.) Having spores contained in cells or
thec\'91, as in the case of some fungi.
An`gi*os"to*mous (#), a.
[Angio- + Gr. / mouth.]
(Zo\'94l.) With a narrow mouth, as the shell of
certain gastropods.
An`gi*ot"o*my (#), n.
[Angio- + Gr. / a cutting.]
(Anat.) Dissection of the blood vessels and
lymphatics of the body.
Dunglison.
<-- p. 57 -->
An"gle (#), n. [F.
angle, L. angulus angle, corner; akin to
uncus hook, Gr. / bent, crooked, angular, / a bend
or hollow, AS. angel hook, fish-hook, G.
angel, and F. anchor.] 1.
The inclosed space near the point where two lines; a corner;
a nook.
Into the utmost angle of the world.
Spenser.
To search the tenderest angles of the heart.
Milton.
2. (Geom.) (a) The figure made
by. two lines which meet. (b) The difference
of direction of two lines. In the lines meet, the point of
meeting is the vertex of the angle.
3. A projecting or sharp corner; an angular
fragment.
Though but an angle reached him of the stone.
Dryden.
4. (Astrol.) A name given to four of the
twelve astrological \'bdhouses.\'b8 [Obs.]
Chaucer.
5. [AS. angel.] A fishhook;
tackle for catching fish, consisting of a line, hook, and bait,
with or without a rod.
Give me mine angle: we 'll to the river there.
Shak.
A fisher next his trembling angle bears.
Pope.
Acute angle, one less than a right angle, or
less than 90 -- Adjacent or
Contiguous angles, such as have one leg
common to both angles. -- Alternate angles.
See Alternate. -- Angle bar.
(a) (Carp.) An upright bar at the angle
where two faces of a polygonal or bay window meet.
Knight. (b) (Mach.) Same as
Angle iron. -- Angle bead
(Arch.), a bead worked on or fixed to the angle of
any architectural work, esp. for protecting an angle of a
wall. -- Angle brace, Angle
tie (Carp.), a brace across an
interior angle of a wooden frame, forming the hypothenuse and
securing the two side pieces together. Knight. --
Angle iron (Mach.), a rolled bar or
plate of iron having one or more angles, used for forming the
corners, or connecting or sustaining the sides of an iron
structure to which it is riveted. -- Angle leaf
(Arch.), a detail in the form of a leaf, more or
less conventionalized, used to decorate and sometimes to
strengthen an angle. -- Angle meter, an
instrument for measuring angles, esp. for ascertaining the dip of
strata. -- Angle shaft (Arch.), an
enriched angle bead, often having a capital or base, or
both. -- Curvilineal angle, one formed by two
curved lines. -- External angles, angles
formed by the sides of any right-lined figure, when the sides are
produced or lengthened. -- Facial angle. See
under Facial. -- Internal angles,
those which are within any right-lined figure. --
Mixtilineal angle, one formed by a right line with
a curved line. -- Oblique angle, one acute or
obtuse, in opposition to a right angle. --
Obtuse angle, one greater than a right angle, or
more than 90 -- Optic angle. See under
Optic. -- Rectilineal or
Right-lined angle, one formed by two right
lines. -- Right angle, one formed by a right
line falling on another perpendicularly, or an angle of 90 -- Solid angle,
the figure formed by the meeting of three or more plane
angles at one point. -- Spherical angle, one
made by the meeting of two arcs of great circles, which mutually
cut one another on the surface of a globe or sphere. --
Visual angle, the angle formed by two rays of
light, or two straight lines drawn from the extreme points of an
object to the center of the eye. -- For Angles of
commutation, draught, incidence,
reflection, refraction,
position, repose,
fraction, see Commutation,
Draught, Incidence, Reflection,
Refraction, etc.
An"gle (#), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Angled (#);
p. pr. & vb. n. Angling
(#).] 1. To fish with an angle
(fishhook), or with hook and line.
2. To use some bait or artifice; to intrigue; to
scheme; as, to angle for praise.
The hearts of all that he did angle for.
Shak.
An"gle, v. t. To try to gain by some
insinuating artifice; to allure. [Obs.] \'bdHe
angled the people's hearts.\'b8
Sir P. Sidney.
An"gled (#), a. Having an angle
or angles; -- used in compounds; as, right-angled,
many-angled, etc.
The thrice three-angled beechnut shell.
Bp. Hall.
An"gle*me`ter (#), n.
[Angle + -meter.] An
instrument to measure angles, esp. one used by geologists to
measure the dip of strata.
An"gler (#), n. 1. One
who angles.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A fish (Lophius
piscatorius), of Europe and America, having a large, broad,
and depressed head, with the mouth very large. Peculiar
appendages on the head are said to be used to entice fishes
within reach. Called also fishing frog,
frogfish, toadfish,
goosefish, allmouth,
monkfish, etc.
An"gles (#), n. pl. [L.
Angli. See Anglican.]
(Ethnol.) An ancient Low German tribe, that
settled in Britain, which came to be called
Engla-land (Angleland or England). The
Angles probably came from the district of Angeln (now
within the limits of Schleswig), and the country now Lower
Hanover, etc.
An"gle*site (#), n. [From the
Isle of Anglesea.] (Min.) A
native sulphate of lead. It occurs in white or yellowish
transparent, prismatic crystals.
An"gle*wise` (#), adv.
[Angle + wise, OE. wise
manner.] In an angular manner; angularly.
An"gle*worm` (#), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A earthworm of the genus
Lumbricus, frequently used by anglers for bait. See
Earthworm.
An"gli*an (#), a. Of or
pertaining to the Angles. -- n. One
of the Angles.
An"glic (#), a. Anglian.
An"gli*can (#), a.
[Angli the Angles, a Germanic tribe in Lower
Germany. Cf. English.] 1.
English; of or pertaining to England or the English nation;
especially, pertaining to, or connected with, the established
church of England; as, the Anglican church,
doctrine, orders, ritual, etc.
2. Pertaining to, characteristic of, or held by,
the high church party of the Church of England.
An"gli*can (#), n. 1.
A member of the Church of England.
Whether Catholics, Anglicans, or Calvinists.
Burke.
2. In a restricted sense, a member of the High
Church party, or of the more advanced ritualistic section, in the
Church of England.
An"gli*can*ism (#), n. 1.
Strong partiality to the principles and rites of the Church
of England.
2. The principles of the established church of
England; also, in a restricted sense, the doctrines held by the
high-church party.
3. Attachment to England or English
institutions.
\'d8An"gli*ce (#), adv.
[NL.] In English; in the English manner; as,
Livorno, Anglice Leghorn.
An*glic"i*fy (#), v. t. [NL.
Anglicus English + -fly.] To
anglicize. [R.]
An"gli*cism (#), n. [Cf. F.
anglicisme.] 1. An English idiom;
a phrase or form language peculiar to the English.
Dryden.
2. The quality of being English; an English
characteristic, custom, or method.
An*glic"i*ty (#), n. The state
or quality of being English.
An`gli*ci*za"tion (#), n. The
act of anglicizing, or making English in character.
An"gli*cize (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Anglicized
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Anglicizing.] To make English; to
English; to anglify; render conformable to the English idiom, or
to English analogies.
An"gli*fy (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Anglified
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Anglifying.] [L. Angli +
-fly.] To convert into English; to
anglicize.
Franklin. Darwin.
An"gling (#), n. The act of one
who angles; the art of fishing with rod and line.
Walton.
An"glo- (#) [NL. Anglus
English. See Anglican.] A combining form
meaning the same as English; or English
and, or English conjoined with; as,
Anglo-Turkish treaty, Anglo-German,
Anglo-Irish.
Anglo-American, . Of or pertaining
to the English and Americans, or to the descendants of Englishmen
in America. -- n. A descendant from English
ancestors born in America, or the United States.
Anglo-Danish, a. Of or pertaining
to the English and Danes, or to the Danes who settled in
England.
Anglo-Indian, a. Of or pertaining
to the English in India, or to the English and East Indian
peoples or languages. -- n. One of the
Anglo-Indian race born or resident in the East Indies.
Anglo-Norman, a. Of or pertaining
to the English and Normans, or to the Normans who settled in
England. -- n. One of the English Normans, or the
Normans who conquered England.
Anglo-Saxon. See Anglo-Saxon in the
Vocabulary.
An"glo-Cath"o*lic, a., Of or pertaining
to a church modeled on the English Reformation; Anglican; --
sometimes restricted to the ritualistic or High Church section of
the Church of England.
An"glo-Cath"o*lic, n. A member of the
Church of England who contends for its catholic character; more
specifically, a High Churchman.
An"glo*ma"ni*a (#), n.
[Anglo'cf + mania.] A mania
for, or an inordinate attachment to, English customs,
institutions, etc.
An`glo*ma"ni*ac, n. One affected with
Anglomania.
An`glo*pho"bi*a (#), n. [Anglo-
+ Gr. / fear.] Intense dread of, or aversion to,
England or the English. --
An"glo*phobe (#),
n.
An"glo-Sax"on (#), n. [L.
Angli-Saxones English Saxons.]
1. A Saxon of Britain, that is, an English
Saxon, or one the Saxons who settled in England, as
distinguished from a continental (or \'bdOld\'b8) Saxon.
2. pl. The Teutonic people (Angles,
Saxons, Jutes) of England, or the English people, collectively,
before the Norman Conquest.
It is quite correct to call \'92thelstan \'bdKing of the
Anglo-Saxons,\'b8 but to call this or that subject of
\'92thelstan \'bdan Anglo-Saxon\'b8 is simply
nonsense.
E. A. Freeman.
3. The language of the English people before the
Conquest (sometimes called Old English). See
Saxon.
4. One of the race or people who claim descent from
the Saxons, Angles, or other Teutonic tribes who settled in
England; a person of English descent in its broadest sense.
An"glo-Sax"on, a. Of or pertaining to
the Anglo-Saxons or their language.
An"glo-Sax"on*dom (#), n. The
Anglo-Saxon domain (i. e., Great Britain and the United States,
etc.); the Anglo-Saxon race.
An"glo-Sax"on*ism (#), n.
1. A characteristic of the Anglo-Saxon race;
especially, a word or an idiom of the Anglo-Saxon tongue.
M. Arnold.
2. The quality or sentiment of being Anglo-Saxon,
or English in its ethnological sense.
An*go"la (#), n. [A corruption
of Angora.] A fabric made from the wool of
the Angora goat.
An*go"la pea` (#). (Bot.) A
tropical plant (Cajanus indicus) and its edible seed,
a kind of pulse; -- so called from Angola in Western
Africa. Called also pigeon pea and
Congo pea.
\'d8An"gor, n. [L. See
Anger.] (Med.) Great anxiety
accompanied by painful constriction at the upper part of the
belly, often with palpitation and oppression.
An*go"ra (#), n. A city of Asia
Minor (or Anatolia) which has given its name to a goat, a cat,
etc.
Angora cat (Zo\'94l.), a variety of
the domestic cat with very long and silky hair, generally of the
brownish white color. Called also Angola cat.
See Cat. -- Angora goat
(Zo\'94l.), a variety of the domestic goat, reared
for its long silky hair, which is highly prized for
manufacture.
An`gos*tu"ra bark" (#). [From
Angostura, in Venezuela.] An aromatic bark
used as a tonic, obtained from a South American of the rue family
(Galipea cusparia, or officinalis).
U. S. Disp.
\'d8An`gou`mois" moth" (?; 115). [So named
from Angoumois in France.] (Zo\'94l.)
A small moth (Gelechia cerealella) which is very
destructive to wheat and other grain. The larva eats out the
inferior of the grain, leaving only the shell.
An"gri*ly (#), adv. In an angry
manner; under the influence of anger.
An"gri*ness, n. The quality of being
angry, or of being inclined to anger.
Such an angriness of humor that we take fire at
everything.
Whole Duty of Man.
An"gry (#), a.
[Compar. Angrier (#);
superl. Angriest.] [See
Anger.] 1. Troublesome; vexatious;
rigorous. [Obs.]
God had provided a severe and angry education to
chastise the forwardness of a young spirit.
Jer. Taylor.
2. Inflamed and painful, as a sore.
3. Touched with anger; under the emotion of anger;
feeling resentment; enraged; -- followed generally by
with before a person, and at before a
thing.
Be not grieved, nor angry with yourselves.
Gen. xlv. 5.
Wherefore should God be angry at thy voice?
Eccles. v. 6.
4. Showing anger; proceeding from anger; acting as
if moved by anger; wearing the marks of anger; as,
angry words or tones; an angry sky;
angry waves. \'bdAn angry
countenance.\'b8
Prov. xxv. 23.
5. Red. [R.]
Sweet rose, whose hue, angry and brave.
Herbert.
6. Sharp; keen; stimulated. [R.]
I never ate with angrier appetite.
Tennyson.
Syn. -- Passionate; resentful; irritated; irascible;
indignant; provoked; enraged; incensed; exasperated; irate; hot;
raging; furious; wrathful; wroth; choleric; inflamed;
infuriated.
An"gui*form (#), a. [L.
angius snake + -form.]
Snake-shaped.
An*guil"li*form (#), a. [L.
anguilla eel (dim. of anguis snake) +
-form.] Eel-shaped.
Anguill\'91formes\'b8 of Cuvier
are fishes related to thee eel.
An"guine (#), a. [L.
anguinus, fr. anguis snake.] Of,
pertaining to, or resembling, a snake or serpent. \'bdThe
anguine or snakelike reptiles.\'b8
Owen.
An*guin"e*al (#), a.
Anguineous.
An*guin"e*ous (#), a. [L.
anguineus.] Snakelike.
An"guish (#), n. [OE.
anguishe, anguise, angoise, F.
angoisse, fr. L. angustia narrowness,
difficulty, distress, fr. angustus narrow, difficult,
fr. angere to press together. See
Anger.] Extreme pain, either of body or mind;
excruciating distress.
But they hearkened not unto Moses for anguish of
spirit, and for cruel bondage.
Ex. vi. 9.
Anguish as of her that bringeth forth her first
child.
Jer. iv. 31.
Rarely used in the plural: -
Ye miserable people, you must go to God in
anguishes, and make your prayer to him.
Latimer.
Syn. -- Agony; pang; torture; torment. See
Agony.
An"guish, v. t. [Cf. F.
angoisser, fr. L. angustiare.]
To distress with extreme pain or grief.
[R.]
Temple.
An"gu*lar (#), a. [L.
angularis, fr. angulus angle, corner. See
Angle.] 1. Relating to an angle or
to angles; having an angle or angles; forming an angle or corner;
sharp-cornered; pointed; as, an angular
figure.
2. Measured by an angle; as, angular
distance.
3. Fig.: Lean; lank; raw-boned; ungraceful; sharp
and stiff in character; as, remarkably angular in
his habits and appearance; an angular female.
Angular aperture, Angular
distance. See Aperture,
Distance. -- Angular motion, the
motion of a body about a fixed point or fixed axis, as of a
planet or pendulum. It is equal to the angle passed over at the
point or axis by a line drawn to the body. -- Angular
point, the point at which the sides of the angle meet;
the vertex. -- Angular velocity, the ratio of
anuglar motion to the time employed in describing.
An"gu*lar, n. (Anat.) A bone
in the base of the lower jaw of many birds, reptiles, and
fishes.
An`gu*lar"i*ty (#), n. The
quality or state of being angular; angularness.
An"gu*lar*ly (#), adv. In an
angular manner; with of at angles or corners.
B. Jonson.
An"gu*lar*ness, n. The quality of being
angular.
{ An"gu*late (#), An"gu*la`ted
(#), } a. [L.
angulatus, p. p. of angulare to make
angular.] Having angles or corners; angled; as,
angulate leaves.
An"gu*late (#), v. t. To make
angular.
An`gu*la"tion (#), n. A making
angular; angular formation.
Huxley.
An"gu*lo-den"tate(#), a.. [L.
angulus angle + dens, dentis,
tooth.] (Bot.) Angularly toothed, as
certain leaves.
An"gu*lom"e*ter (#), n. [L.
angulus angle + -meter.] An
instrument for measuring external angles.
An"gu*lose` (#), a.
Angulous. [R.]
An`gu*los"i*ty (#), n. A state
of being angulous or angular. [Obs.]
An"gu*lous (#), a. [L.
angulosus: cf. F. anguleux.]
Angular; having corners; hooked. [R.]
Held together by hooks and angulous
involutions.
Glanvill.
An*gust" (#), a. [L.
angustus. See Anguish.] Narrow;
strait. [Obs.]
An*gus"tate (#), a. [L.
angustatus, p. p. of angustare to make
narrow.] Narrowed.
An`gus*ta"tion (#), n. The act
or making narrow; a straitening or contacting.
Wiseman.
<-- p. 58 -->
{ An*gus`ti*fo"li*ate (#),
An*gus`ti*fo"li*ous (#), } a.
[L. angustus narrow (see Anguish) +
folium leaf.] (Bot.) Having
narrow leaves.
Wright.
An`gus*tu"ra bark` (#). See Angostura
bark.
\'d8An`gwan*ti"bo (#), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A small lemuroid mammal
(Arctocebus Calabarensis) of Africa. It has only a
rudimentary tail.
An*hang" (#), v. t. [AS.
onhangian.] To hang.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
An`har*mon"ic (#), a. [F.
anharmonique, fr. Gr. / priv. + / harmonic.]
(Math.) Not harmonic.
The anharmonic function or
ratio of four points abcd on a
straight line is the quantity
(ac/ad):(bc/bd),
where the segments are to regarded as plus or minus, according to
the order of the letters.
An`he*la"tion (#), n. [L.
anhelatio, fr. anhelare to pant;
an (perh. akin to E. on) +
halare to breathe: cf. F.
anh\'82lation.] Short and rapid breathing;
a panting; asthma.
Glanvill.
An*hele" (#), v. i. [Cf. OF.
aneler, anheler. See
Anhelation.] To pant; to be breathlessly
anxious or eager (for). [Obs.]
They anhele . . . for the fruit of our
convocation.
Latimer.
An"he*lose (#), a. Anhelous;
panting. [R.]
An*he"lous (#), a. [L.
anhelus.] Short of breath; panting.
\'d8An"hi*ma (#), n. [Brazilian
name.] A South American aquatic bird; the horned
screamer or kamichi (Palamedea cornuta). See
Kamichi.
\'d8An*hin"ga (#), n.
[Pg.] (Zo\'94l.) An aquatic bird of
the southern United States (Platus anhinga); the
darter, or snakebird.
An*his"tous (#), a. [Gr. /
priv. + / web, tissue: cf. F. anhiste.]
(Biol.) Without definite structure; as, an
anhistous membrane.
An*hun"gered (#), a. Ahungered;
longing. [Archaic]
An*hy"dride (#), n. [See
Anhydrous.] (Chem.) An oxide of a
nonmetallic body or an organic radical, capable of forming an
acid by uniting with the elements of water; -- so called because
it may be formed from an acid by the abstraction of water.
An*hy"drite (#), n. [See
Anhydrous.] (Min.) A mineral of a
white a slightly bluish color, usually massive. It is anhydrous
sulphate of lime, and differs from gypsum in not containing water
(whence the name).
An*hy"drous (#), a. [Gr. /
wanting water; / priv. + / water.] Destitute of
water; as, anhydrous salts or acids.
\'d8A"ni (#) or \'d8A"no
(#), n. [Native name.]
(Zo\'94l.) A black bird of tropical America, the
West Indies and Florida (Crotophaga ani), allied to
the cuckoos, and remarkable for communistic nesting.
\'d8An"i*cut, \'d8An"ni*cut
(#), n. [Tamil anai kattu dam
building.] A dam or mole made in the course of a
stream for the purpose of regulating the flow of a system of
irrigation. [India]
Brande & C.
An*id`i*mat"ic*al (#), a. [Gr.
/ priv. + E. idiomatical.] Not
idiomatic. [R.]
Landor.
{ An"i*ent, An`i*en"tise (#),
} v. t. [OF. anientir, F.
an\'82antir.] To frustrate; to bring to
naught; to annihilate. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
A*nigh" (#), prep. & adv.
[Pref. a- + nigh.]
Nigh. [Archaic]
{ A*night" (#), A*nights"
(#), } adv. [OE. on
niht.] In the night time; at night.
[Archaic]
Does he hawk anights still?
Marston.
An"il (#), n. [F.
anil, Sp. an\'c6l, or Pg. anil;
all fr. Ar. an-n\'c6l, for
al-n\'c6l the indigo plant, fr. Skr.
n\'c6la dark blue, n\'c6l\'c6 indigo,
indigo plant. Cf. Lilac.] (Bot.) A
West Indian plant (Indigofera anil), one of the
original sources of indigo; also, the indigo dye.
An"ile (#), a. [L.
anilis, fr. anus an old woman.]
Old-womanish; imbecile. \'bdAnile
ideas.\'b8
Walpole.
An"ile*ness (#), n.
Anility. [R.]
An*il"ic (#), a. (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or obtained from, anil; indigotic; -- applied
to an acid formed by the action of nitric acid on indigo.
[R.]
An"i*lide (#), n. (Chem.)
One of a class of compounds which may be regarded as amides
in which more or less of the hydrogen has been replaced by
phenyl.
An"i*line (?; 277), n. [See
Anil.] (Chem.) An organic base
belonging to the phenylamines. It may be regarded as ammonia in
which one hydrogen atom has been replaced by the radical phenyl.
It is a colorless, oily liquid, originally obtained from indigo
by distillation, but now largely manufactured from coal tar or
nitrobenzene as a base from which many brilliant dyes are
made.
An"i*line, a. Made from, or of the
nature of, aniline.
A*nil"i*ty (#), n. [L.
anilitas. See Anile.] The state of
being and old woman; old-womanishness; dotage. \'bdMarks of
anility.\'b8
Sterne.
An`i*mad*ver"sal (#), n. The
faculty of perceiving; a percipient. [Obs.]
Dr. H. More.
An`i*mad*ver"sion (#), n. [L.
animadversio, fr. animadvertere: cf. F.
animadversion. See Animadvert.]
1. The act or power of perceiving or taking notice;
direct or simple perception. [Obs.]
The soul is the sole percipient which hath
animadversion and sense, properly so called.
Glanvill.
2. Monition; warning. [Obs.]
Clarendon.
3. Remarks by way of criticism and usually of
censure; adverse criticism; reproof; blame.
He dismissed their commissioners with severe and sharp
animadversions.
Clarendon.
4. Judicial cognizance of an offense; chastisement;
punishment. [Archaic] \'bdDivine
animadversions.\'b8
Wesley.
Syn. -- Stricture; criticism; censure; reproof; blame;
comment.
An`i*mad*ver"sive (#), a.
Having the power of perceiving; percipient.
[Archaic]
Glanvill.
I do not mean there is a certain number of ideas glaring and
shining to the animadversive faculty.
Coleridge.
An`i*mad*vert" (#), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Animadverted;
p. pr. & vb. n. Animadverting.]
[L. animadvertere; animus mind +
advertere to turn to; ad to +
vertere to turn.] 1. To take
notice; to observe; -- commonly followed by
that.
Dr. H. More.
2. To consider or remark by way of criticism or
censure; to express censure; -- with on or
upon.
I should not animadvert on him . . . if he had not
used extreme severity in his judgment of the incomparable
Shakespeare.
Dryden.
3. To take cognizance judicially; to inflict
punishment. [Archaic]
Grew.
Syn. -- To remark; comment; criticise; censure.
An`i*mad*vert"er (#), n. One
who animadverts; a censurer; also [Obs.], a
chastiser.
An"i*mal (#), n. [L., fr.
anima breath, soul: cf. F. animal. See
Animate.] 1. An organized living
being endowed with sensation and the power of voluntary motion,
and also characterized by taking its food into an internal cavity
or stomach for digestion; by giving carbonic acid to the air and
taking oxygen in the process of respiration; and by increasing in
motive power or active aggressive force with progress to
maturity.
2. One of the lower animals; a brute or beast, as
distinguished from man; as, men and
animals.
An"i*mal, a. [Cf. F.
animal.] 1. Of or relating to
animals; as, animal functions.
2. Pertaining to the merely sentient part of a
creature, as distinguished from the intellectual, rational, or
spiritual part; as, the animal passions or
appetites.
3. Consisting of the flesh of animals; as,
animal food.
Animal magnetism. See Magnetism and
Mesmerism. -- Animal electricity,
the electricity developed in some animals, as the electric
eel, torpedo, etc. -- Animal flower
(Zo\'94l.), a name given to certain marine animals
resembling a flower, as any species of actinia or sea anemone,
and other Anthozoa, hydroids, starfishes, etc. --
Animal heat (Physiol.), the heat
generated in the body of a living animal, by means of which the
animal is kept at nearly a uniform temperature. --
Animal spirits. See under Spirit. --
Animal kingdom, the whole class of beings endowed
with animal life. It embraces several subkingdoms, and under
these there are Classes, Orders, Families, Genera, Species, and
sometimes intermediate groupings, all in regular subordination,
but variously arranged by different writers. The
following are the grand divisions, or subkingdoms, and the
principal classes under them, generally recognized at the present
time: -
Vertebrata, including Mammalia or
Mammals, Aves or Birds,
Reptilia, Amphibia, Pisces or
Fishes, Marsipobranchiata
(Craniota); and Leptocardia
(Acrania).
Tunicata, including the Thaliacea, and
Ascidioidea or Ascidians.
Articulata or Annulosa, including
Insecta, Myriapoda, Malacapoda,
Arachnida, Pycnogonida,
Merostomata, Crustacea
(Arthropoda); and Annelida,
Gehyrea (Anarthropoda).
Helminthes or Vermes, including
Rotifera, Ch\'91tognatha,
Nematoidea, Acanthocephala,
Nemertina, Turbellaria,
Trematoda, Cestoidea, Mesozea.
Molluscoidea, including Brachiopoda and
Bryozoa.
Mollusca, including Cephalopoda,
Gastropoda, Pteropoda,
Scaphopoda, Lamellibranchiata or
Acephala.
Echinodermata, including Holothurioidea,
Echinoidea, Asterioidea,
Ophiuroidea, and Crinoidea.
C\'d2lenterata, including Anthozoa or
Polyps, Ctenophora, and Hydrozoa
or Acalephs.
Spongiozoa or Porifera, including the sponges.
Protozoa, including Infusoria and
Rhizopoda.
For definitions, see these names in the Vocabulary.
{ An`i*mal"cu*lar (#),
An`i*mal"cu*line (#), } a.
Of, pertaining to, or resembling, animalcules.
\'bdAnimalcular life.\'b8
Tyndall.
An`i*mal"cule (#), n. [As if
fr. a L. animalculum, dim. of
animal.] 1. A small animal, as a
fly, spider, etc. [Obs.]
Ray.
2. (Zo\'94l.) An animal, invisible, or
nearly so, to the naked eye. See Infusoria.
animalcules have
been shown to be plants, having locomotive powers something like
those of animals. Among these are Volvox, the
Desmidiac\'91, and the siliceous
Diatomace\'91.
Spermatic animalcules. See
Spermatozoa.
An`i*mal"cu*lism (#), n. [Cf.
F. animalculisme.] (Biol.) The
theory which seeks to explain certain physiological and
pathological by means of animalcules.
An`i*mal"cu*list (#), n. [Cf.
F. animalculiste.] 1. One versed
in the knowledge of animalcules.
Keith.
2. A believer in the theory of animalculism.
\'d8An`i*mal"cu*lum (#), n.;
pl. Animalcula (#). [NL. See
Animalcule.] An animalcule.
Animalcul\'91, as if from a Latin
singular animalcula, is a barbarism.
An"i*mal*ish (#), a. Like an
animal.
An"i*mal*ism (#), n. [Cf. F.
animalisme.] The state, activity, or
enjoyment of animals; mere animal life without intellectual or
moral qualities; sensuality.
An`i*mal"i*ty (#), n. [Cf. F.
animalit\'82.] Animal existence or
nature.
Locke.
An`i*mal*i*za"tion (#), n. [Cf.
F. animalisation.] 1. The act of
animalizing; the giving of animal life, or endowing with animal
properties.
2. Conversion into animal matter by the process of
assimilation.
Owen.
An"i*mal*ize (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Animalized
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Animalizing.] [Cf. F.
animaliser.] 1. To endow with the
properties of an animal; to represent in animal form.
Warburton.
2. To convert into animal matter by the processes
of assimilation.
3. To render animal or sentient; to reduce to the
state of a lower animal; to sensualize.
The unconscious irony of the Epicurean poet on the
animalizing tendency of his own philosophy.
Coleridge.
An"i*mal*ly, adv. Physically.
G. Eliot.
An"i*mal*ness, n. Animality.
[R.]
An`i*mas"tic (#), a. [L.
anima breath, life.] Pertaining to mind or
spirit; spiritual.
An`i*mas"tic, n. Psychology.
[Obs.]
An"i*mate (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Animated; p.
pr. & vb. n. Animating.] [L.
animatus, p. p. of animare, fr.
anima breath, soul; akin to animus soul,
mind, Gr. / wind, Skr. an to breathe, live, Goth.
us-anan to expire (us- out),
Icel. \'94nd breath, anda to breathe, OHG.
ando anger. Cf. Animal.] 1.
To give natural life to; to make alive; to quicken; as,
the soul animates the body.
2. To give powers to, or to heighten the powers or
effect of; as, to animate a lyre.
Dryden.
3. To give spirit or vigor to; to stimulate or
incite; to inspirit; to rouse; to enliven.
The more to animate the people, he stood on high .
. . and cried unto them with a loud voice.
Knolles.
Syn. -- To enliven; inspirit; stimulate; exhilarate;
inspire; instigate; rouse; urge; cheer; prompt; incite; quicken;
gladden.
An"i*mate (#), a. [L.
animatus, p. p.] Endowed with life; alive;
living; animated; lively.
The admirable structure of animate bodies.
Bentley.
An"i*ma`ted (#), a. Endowed
with life; full of life or spirit; indicating animation; lively;
vigorous. \'bdAnimated sounds.\'b8
Pope. \'bdAnimated bust.\'b8 Gray.
\'bdAnimated descriptions.\'b8 Lewis.
An"i*ma`ted*ly, adv. With
animation.
An"i*ma`ter (#), n. One who
animates.
De Quincey.
An"i*ma"ting, a. Causing animation;
life-giving; inspiriting; rousing.
\'bdAnimating cries.\'b8 Pope. --
An"i*ma`ting*ly, adv.
An`i*ma"tion (#), n. [L.
animatio, fr. animare.] 1.
The act of animating, or giving life or spirit; the state of
being animate or alive.
The animation of the same soul quickening the whole
frame.
Bp. Hall.
Perhaps an inanimate thing supplies me, while I am speaking,
with whatever I posses of animation.
Landor.
2. The state of being lively, brisk, or full of
spirit and vigor; vivacity; spiritedness; as, he recited the
story with great animation.
Suspended animation, temporary suspension of
the vital functions, as in persons nearly drowned.
Syn. -- Liveliness; vivacity; spirit; buoyancy; airiness;
sprightliness; promptitude; enthusiasm; ardor; earnestness;
energy. See Liveliness.
An"i*ma*tive (#), a Having the
power of giving life or spirit.
Johnson.
An"i*ma`tor (#), n. [L.
animare.] One who, or that which, animates;
an animater.
Sir T. Browne.
\'d8A"ni*m\'82` (#), a. [F.,
animated.] (Her.) Of a different tincture
from the animal itself; -- said of the eyes of a rapacious
animal.
Brande & C.
\'d8A"ni*m\'82 (#), n. [F.
anim\'82 animated (from the insects that are entrapped
in it); or native name.] A resin exuding from a
tropical American tree (Hymen\'91a courbaril), and
much used by varnish makers.
Ure.
An"i*mism (#), n. [Cf. F.
animisme, fr. L. anima soul. See
Animate.] 1. The doctrine, taught by
Stahl, that the soul is the proper principle of life and
development in the body.
2. The belief that inanimate objects and the
phenomena of nature are endowed with personal life or a living
soul; also, in an extended sense, the belief in the existence of
soul or spirit apart from matter.
Tylor.
An"i*mist (#), n. [Cf. F.
animiste.] One who maintains the doctrine
of animism.
An`i*mis"tic (#), a. Of or
pertaining to animism.
Huxley. Tylor.
{ An`i*mose" (#), An"i*mous
(#), } a. [L. animosus,
fr. animus soul, spirit, courage.] Full of
spirit; hot; vehement; resolute. [Obs.]
Ash.
An`i*mose"ness (#), n.
Vehemence of temper. [Obs.]
An`i*mos"i*ty (#), n.; pl.
Animosities (#). [F.
animosit\'82, fr. L. animositas. See
Animose, Animate, v. t.]
1. Mere spiritedness or courage.
[Obs.]
Skelton.
Such as give some proof of animosity, audacity, and
execution, those she [the crocodile] loveth.
Holland.
2. Violent hatred leading to active opposition;
active enmity; energetic dislike.
Macaulay.
Syn. -- Enmity; hatred; opposition. -- Animosity,
Enmity. Enmity be dormant or concealed;
animosity is active enmity, inflamed by collision and
mutual injury between opposing parties. The
animosities which were continually springing up among
the clans in Scotland kept that kingdom in a state of turmoil and
bloodshed for successive ages. The animosities which
have been engendered among Christian sects have always been the
reproach of the church.
Such [writings] as naturally conduce to inflame hatreds and
make enmities irreconcilable.
Spectator.
[These] factions . . . never suspended their
animosities till they ruined that unhappy
government.
Hume.
An"i*mus (#), n.; pl.
Animi (#). [L., mind.]
Animating spirit; intention; temper.
nimus furandi [L.] (Law),
intention of stealing.
An"i*on (#), n. [Gr. /, neut.
/, p. pr. of / to go up; / up + / to go.]
(Chem.) An electro-negative element, or the
element which, in electro-chemical decompositions, is evolved at
the anode; -- opposed to cation.
Faraday.
<-- p. 59 -->
An"ise (#), n. [OE.
anys, F. anis, L. anisum,
anethum, fr. Gr. /, /.] 1.
(Bot.) An umbelliferous plant (Pimpinella
anisum) growing naturally in Egypt, and cultivated in
Spain, Malta, etc., for its carminative and aromatic seeds.
2. The fruit or seeds of this plant.
An"i*seed (#), n. The seed of
the anise; also, a cordial prepared from it. \'bdOil of
aniseed.\'b8
Brande & C.
\'d8An`i*sette" (#), n.
[F.] A French cordial or liqueur flavored with
anise seeds.
De Colange.
A*nis"ic (#), a. Of or derived
from anise; as, anisic acid; anisic
alcohol.
{ \'d8An`i*so*dac"ty*la (#),
An`i*so*dac"tyls (#), } n. pl.
[NL. anisodactyla, fr. Gr. / unequal (/ priv.
+ / equal) + / finger.] (Zo\'94l.)
(a) A group of herbivorous mammals characterized by
having the hoofs in a single series around the foot, as the
elephant, rhinoceros, etc. (b) A group of
perching birds which are anisodactylous.
An`i*so*dac"ty*lous (#), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Characterized by unequal toes, three
turned forward and one backward, as in most passerine
birds.
An`i*so*mer"ic (#), a. [Gr. /
unequal + / part.] (Chem.) Not isomeric;
not made of the same components in the same proportions.
An`i*som"er*ous (#), a. [See
Anisomeric.] (Bot.) Having the
number of floral organs unequal, as four petals and six
stamens.
An`i*so*met"ric (#), a. [Gr.
/ priv. + E. isometric.] Not isometric;
having unsymmetrical parts; -- said of crystals with three
unequal axes.
Dana.
An`i*so*pet"al*ous (#), a. [Gr.
/ unequal + / leaf.] (Bot.) Having
unequal petals.
An`i*soph"yl*lous (#), a. [Gr.
/ unequal + / leaf.] (Bot.) Having
unequal leaves.
\'d8An`i*so*pleu"ra (#), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / unequal + / side.]
(Zo\'94l.) A primary division of gastropods,
including those having spiral shells. The two sides of the body
are unequally developed.
\'d8An`i*sop"o*da (#), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / unequal + -poda.]
(Zo\'94l.) A division of Crustacea, which, in
some its characteristics, is intermediate between Amphipoda and
Isopoda.
An`i*so*stem"o*nous (#), a.
[Gr. / unequal + / warp, thread; / to stand.]
(Bot.) Having unequal stamens; having stamens
different in number from the petals.
An`i*so*sthen"ic (#), a. [Gr.
/ unequal + / strength.] Of unequal
strength.
{ An"i*so*trope` (#),
An`i*so*trop"ic (#), } a.
[Gr. / unequal + / a turning, / to turn.]
(Physics) Not isotropic; having different
properties in different directions; thus, crystals of the
isometric system are optically isotropic, but all other crystals
are anisotropic.
An`i*sot"ro*pous (#), a.
Anisotropic.
An"ker (#), n. [D.
anker: cf. LL. anceria,
ancheria.] A liquid measure in various
countries of Europe. The Dutch anker, formerly also
used in England, contained about 10 of the old wine gallons, or
8/ imperial gallons.
An"ker*ite (#), n. [So called
from Prof. Anker of Austria: cf. F.
ank\'82rite, G. ankerit.]
(Min.) A mineral closely related to dolomite, but
containing iron.
An"kle (#), n. [OE.
ancle, anclow, AS. ancleow; akin
to Icel. \'94kkla, \'94kli, Dan. and Sw.
ankel, D. enklaauw, enkel, G.
enkel, and perh. OHG. encha,
ancha thigh, shin: cf. Skr. anga limb,
anguri finger. Cf. Haunch.] The
joint which connects the foot with the leg; the tarsus.
Ankle bone, the bone of the ankle; the
astragalus.
An"kled (#), a. Having ankles;
-- used in composition; as, well-ankled.
Beau. & Fl.
An"klet (#), n. An ornament or
a fetter for the ankle; an ankle ring.
An"ky*lose (#), v. t. & i. Same
as Anchylose.
\'d8An`ky*lo"sis (#), n. Same
as Anchylosis.
An"lace (#), n. [Origin
unknown.] A broad dagger formerly worn at the
girdle. [Written also anelace.]
{ Ann (#), An"nat (#),
} n. [LL. annata income of a
year, also, of half a year, fr. L. annus year: cf. F.
annate annats.] (Scots Law) A
half years's stipend, over and above what is owing for the
incumbency, due to a minister's heirs after his decease.
\'d8An"na (#), n. [Hindi
\'ben\'be.] An East Indian money of
account, the sixteenth of a rupee, or about 2/ cents.
An"nal (#), n. See
Annals.
An"nal*ist, n. [Cf. F.
annaliste.] A writer of annals.
The monks . . . were the only annalists in those
ages.
Hume.
An`nal*is"tic (#), a.
Pertaining to, or after the manner of, an annalist; as,
the dry annalistic style.\'bdA stiff
annalistic method.\'b8
Sir G. C. Lewis.
An"nal*ize (#), v. t. To record
in annals.
Sheldon.
An"nals (#), n. pl. [L.
annalis (sc. liber), and more frequently in
the pl. annales (sc. libri), chronicles,
fr. annus year. Cf. Annual.]
1. A relation of events in chronological order,
each event being recorded under the year in which it
happened. \'bdAnnals the revolution.\'b8
Macaulay. \'bdThe annals of our religion.\'b8
Rogers.
2. Historical records; chronicles; history.
The short and simple annals of the poor.
Gray.
It was one of the most critical periods in our
annals.
Burke.
3. sing. The record of a single
event or item. \'bdIn deathless annal.\'b8
Young.
4. A periodic publication, containing records of
discoveries, transactions of societies, etc.; as
\'bdAnnals of Science.\'b8
Syn. -- History. See History.
{ An"nats (#), An"nates
(#), } n. pl. [See
Ann.] (Eccl. Law) The first year's
profits of a spiritual preferment, anciently paid by the clergy
to the pope; first fruits. In England, they now form a fund for
the augmentation of poor livings.
An*neal" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Annealed
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Annealing.] [OE. anelen to
heat, burn, AS. an/lan; an on +
/lan to burn; also OE. anelen to enamel,
prob. influenced by OF. neeler, nieler, to
put a black enamel on gold or silver, F. nieller, fr.
LL. nigellare to blacken, fr. L. nigellus
blackish, dim. of niger black. Cf. Niello,
Negro.] 1. To subject to great heat,
and then cool slowly, as glass, cast iron, steel, or other metal,
for the purpose of rendering it less brittle; to temper; to
toughen.
2. To heat, as glass, tiles, or earthenware, in
order to fix the colors laid on them.
An*neal"er (#), n. One who, or
that which, anneals.
An*neal"ing, n. 1. The process
used to render glass, iron, etc., less brittle, performed by
allowing them to cool very gradually from a high heat.
2. The burning of metallic colors into glass,
earthenware, etc.
An*nec"tent (#), a. [L.
annectere to tie or bind to. See
Annex.] Connecting; annexing.
Owen.
{ An`ne*lid (#), An*nel"i*dan
(#), } a. [F.
ann\'82lide, fr. anneler to arrange in
rings, OF. anel a ring, fr. L. anellus a
ring, dim. of annulus a ring.]
(Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the
Annelida. -- n. One of the Annelida.
\'d8An*nel"i*da (#), n. pl.
[NL. See Annelid.] (Zo\'94l.)
A division of the Articulata, having the body formed of
numerous rings or annular segments, and without jointed legs. The
principal subdivisions are the Ch\'91topoda, including
the Oligoch\'91ta or earthworms and
Polych\'91ta or marine worms; and the
Hirudinea or leeches. See Ch\'91topoda.
An*nel"i*dous (#), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Of the nature of an annelid.
\'d8An`nel*la"ta (#), n. pl.
[NL.] (Zo\'94l.) See
Annelida.
An"ne*loid (#), n. [F.
annel\'82 ringed + -oid.]
(Zo\'94l.) An animal resembling an annelid.
An*nex" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Annexed
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Annexing.] [F. annexer, fr.
L. annexus, p. p. of annectere to tie or
bind to; ad + nectere to tie, to fasten together, akin
to Skr. nah to bind.] 1. To join
or attach; usually to subjoin; to affix; to append; -- followed
by to. \'bdHe annexed a codicil to a
will.\'b8
Johnson.
2. To join or add, as a smaller thing to a
greater.
He annexed a province to his kingdom.
Johnson.
3. To attach or connect, as a consequence,
condition, etc.; as, to annex a penalty to a
prohibition, or punishment to guilt.
Syn. -- To add; append; affix; unite; coalesce. See
Add.
An*nex", v. i. To join; to be
united.
Tooke.
An*nex" (#), n. [F.
annexe, L. annexus, neut.
annexum, p. p. of annectere.]
Something annexed or appended; as, an additional stipulation
to a writing, a subsidiary building to a main building; a
wing.
An`nex*a"tion (#), n. [Cf. F.
annexation. See Annex, v.
t.] 1. The act of annexing; process of
attaching, adding, or appending; the act of connecting; union;
as, the annexation of Texas to the United States, or
of chattels to the freehold.
2. (a) (Law) The union of
property with a freehold so as to become a fixture.
Bouvier. (b) (Scots Law) The
appropriation of lands or rents to the crown.
Wharton.
An`nex*a"tion*ist, n. One who favors
annexation.
An*nex"er (#), n. One who
annexes.
An*nex"ion (#), n. [L.
annexio a tying to, connection: cf. F.
annexion.] Annexation.
[R.]
Shak.
An*nex"ion*ist, n. An
annexationist. [R.]
An*nex"ment (#), n. The act of
annexing, or the thing annexed; appendage.
[R.]
Shak.
An*ni"hi*la*ble (#), a. Capable
of being annihilated.
An*ni"hi*late (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Annihilated; p.
pr. & vb. n. Annihilating.] [L.
annihilare; ad + nihilum, nihil,
nothing, ne hilum (filum) not a thread,
nothing at all. Cf. File, a row.] 1.
To reduce to nothing or nonexistence; to destroy the
existence of; to cause to cease to be.
It impossible for any body to be utterly
annihilated.
Bacon.
2. To destroy the form or peculiar distinctive
properties of, so that the specific thing no longer exists;
as, to annihilate a forest by cutting down the
trees. \'bdTo annihilate the army.\'b8
Macaulay.
3. To destroy or eradicate, as a property or
attribute of a thing; to make of no effect; to destroy the force,
etc., of; as, to annihilate an argument, law,
rights, goodness.
An*ni"hi*late (#), a.
Anhilated. [Archaic]
Swift.
An*ni`hi*la"tion (#), n. [Cf.
F. annihilation.] 1. The act of
reducing to nothing, or nonexistence; or the act of destroying
the form or combination of parts under which a thing exists, so
that the name can no longer be applied to it; as, the
annihilation of a corporation.
2. The state of being annihilated.
Hooker.
An*ni`hi*la"tion*ist, n. (Theol.)
One who believes that eternal punishment consists in
annihilation or extinction of being; a destructionist.
An*ni"hi*la*tive (#), a.
Serving to annihilate; destructive.
An*ni"hi*la`tor (#), n. One
who, or that which, annihilates; as, a fire
annihilator.
An*ni"hi*la*to*ry (#), a.
Annihilative.
An`ni*ver"sa*ri*ly (#), adv.
Annually. [R.]
Bp. Hall.
An`ni*ver"sa*ry (#), a. [L.
anniversarius; annus year +
vertere, versum, to turn: cf. F.
anniversaire.] Returning with the year, at
a stated time; annual; yearly; as, an anniversary
feast.
Anniversary day (R. C. Ch.). See
Anniversary, n., 2. -- Anniversary
week, that week in the year in which the annual
meetings of religious and benevolent societies are held in Boston
and New York. [Eastern U. S.]
An`ni*ver"sa*ry, n.; pl.
Anniversaries (#). [Cf. F.
anniversaire.] 1. The annual
return of the day on which any notable event took place, or is
wont to be celebrated; as, the anniversary of the
Declaration of Independence.
2. (R. C. Ch.) The day on which Mass is
said yearly for the soul of a deceased person; the commemoration
of some sacred event, as the dedication of a church or the
consecration of a pope.
3. The celebration which takes place on an
anniversary day.
Dryden.
An"ni*verse (#), n. [L.
anni versus the turning of a year.]
Anniversary. [Obs.]
Dryden.
An"no*da`ted (#), a. [L.
ad to + nodus a knot.]
(Her.) Curved somewhat in the form of the letter
S.
Cussans.
\'d8An"no Dom"i*ni (#). [L., in the year
of [our] Lord [Jesus Christ]; usually abbrev. a.
d.] In the year of the Christian era; as,
a. d. 1887.
An*nom"i*nate (#), v. t. To
name. [R.]
An*nom`i*na"tion (#), n. [L.
annominatio. See Agnomination.]
1. Paronomasia; punning.
2. Alliteration. [Obs.]
Tyrwhitt.
An"no*tate (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Annotated; p.
pr. & vb. n. Annotating.] [L.
annotatus; p. p. of annotare to annotate;
ad + notare to mark, nota mark. See
Note, n.] To explain or criticize
by notes; as, to annotate the works of
Bacon.
An"no*tate, v. i. To make notes or
comments; -- with on or upon.
An`no*ta"tion (#), n. [L.
annotatio: cf. F. annotation.] A
note, added by way of comment, or explanation; -- usually in the
plural; as, annotations on ancient authors, or on a
word or a passage.
An`no*ta"tion*ist, n. An
annotator. [R.]
An"no*ta*tive (#), a.
Characterized by annotations; of the nature of
annotation.
An"no*ta`tor (#), n. [L.]
A writer of annotations; a commentator.
An*no"ta*to*ry (#), a.
Pertaining to an annotator; containing annotations.
[R.]
An"no*tine (#), n. [L.
annotinus a year old.] (Zo\'94l.)
A bird one year old, or that has once molted.
An*not"i*nous (#), a. [L.
annotinus, fr. annus year.]
(Bot.) A year old; in Yearly growths.
An*not"to (#), Ar*not"to
(#), n. [Perh. the native name.]
A red or yellowish-red dyeing material, prepared from the
pulp surrounding the seeds of a tree (Bixa orellana)
belonging to the tropical regions of America. It is used for
coloring cheese, butter, etc. [Written also
Anatto, Anatta, Annatto,
Annotta, etc.]
An*nounce" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Announced
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Announcing
(#).] [OF. anoncier, F.
annoncer, fr. L. annuntiare; ad +
nuntiare to report, relate, nuntius messenger,
bearer of news. See Nuncio, and cf.
Annunciate.]
1. To give public notice, or first notice of; to
make known; to publish; to proclaim.
Her [Q. Elizabeth's] arrival was announced through
the country by a peal of cannon from the ramparts.
Gilpin.
2. To pronounce; to declare by judicial
sentence.
Publish laws, announce
Or life or death.
Prior.
Syn. -- To proclaim; publish; make known; herald; declare;
promulgate. -- To Publish,
Announce, Proclaim, Promulgate. We
publish what we give openly to the world, either by
oral communication or by means of the press; as, to
publish abroad the faults of our neighbors. We
announce what we declare by anticipation, or make
known for the first time; as, to announce the speedy
publication of a book; to announce the approach or
arrival of a distinguished personage. We proclaim
anything to which we give the widest publicity; as, to
proclaim the news of victory. We
promulgate when we proclaim more widely what has
before been known by some; as, to promulgate the
gospel.
An*nounce"ment (#), n. The act
of announcing, or giving notice; that which announces;
proclamation; publication.
An*noun"cer (#), n. One who
announces.
<-- p. 60 -->
An*noy" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Annoyed
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Annoying.] [OE. anoien,
anuien, OF. anoier, anuier, F.
ennuyer, fr. OF. anoi, anui,
enui, annoyance, vexation, F. ennui. See
Annoy, n.] To disturb or irritate, especially
by continued or repeated acts; to tease; to ruffle in mind; to
vex; as, I was annoyed by his remarks.
Say, what can more our tortured souls annoy
Than to behold, admire, and lose our joy?
Prior.
2. To molest, incommode, or harm; as, to
annoy an army by impeding its march, or by a
cannonade.
Syn. -- To molest; vex; trouble; pester; embarrass; perplex;
tease.
An*noy" (#), n. [OE.
anoi, anui, OF. anoi,
anui, enui, fr. L. in odio
hatred (esse alicui in odio, Cic.). See
Ennui, Odium, Noisome,
Noy.] A feeling of discomfort or vexation
caused by what one dislikes; also, whatever causes such a
feeling; as, to work annoy.
Worse than Tantalus' is her annoy.
Shak.
An*noy"ance (#), n. [OF.
anoiance, anuiance.] 1.
The act of annoying, or the state of being annoyed;
molestation; vexation; annoy.
A deep clay, giving much annoyance to
passengers.
Fuller.
For the further annoyance and terror of any
besieged place, they would throw into it dead bodies.
Wilkins.
2. That which annoys.
A grain, a dust, a gnat, a wandering hair,
Any annoyance in that precious sense.
Shak.
An*noy"er (#), n. One who, or
that which, annoys.
An*noy"ful (#), a.
Annoying. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
An*noy"ing, a. That annoys; molesting;
vexatious. -- An*noy"ing*ly,
adv.
An*noy"ous (#), a. [OF.
enuius, anoios.] Troublesome;
annoying. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
An"nu*al (?; 135), a. [OE.
annuel, F. annuel, fr. L.
annualis, fr. annus year. Cf.
Annals.] 1. Of or pertaining to a
year; returning every year; coming or happening once in the year;
yearly.
The annual overflowing of the river [Nile].
Ray.
2. Performed or accomplished in a year; reckoned by
the year; as, the annual motion of the
earth.
A thousand pound a year, annual support.
Shak.
2. Lasting or continuing only one year or one
growing season; requiring to be renewed every year; as, an
annual plant; annual tickets.
Bacon.
An"nu*al, n. 1. A thing
happening or returning yearly; esp. a literary work published
once a year.
2. Anything, especially a plant, that lasts but one
year or season; an annual plant.
Oaths . . . in some sense almost annuals; . . . and
I myself can remember about forty different sets.
Swift.
3. (R. C. Ch.) A Mass for a deceased
person or for some special object, said daily for a year or on
the anniversary day.
An"nu*al*ist, n. One who writes for, or
who edits, an annual. [R.]
An"nu*al*ly, adv. Yearly; year by
year.
An"nu*a*ry (#), a. [Cf. F.
annuaire.] Annual.
[Obs.] -- n. A
yearbook.
An"nu*el*er (#), n. A priest
employed in saying annuals, or anniversary
Masses. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
An"nu*ent (#), a. [L.
annuens, p. pr. of annuere; ad +
nuere to nod.] Nodding; as, annuent
muscles (used in nodding).
An*nu"i*tant (#), n. [See
Annuity.] One who receives, or its entitled
to receive, an annuity.
Lamb.
An*nu"i*ty (#), n.; pl.
Annuities (#). [LL.
annuitas, fr. L. annus year: cf. F.
annuit\'82.] A sum of money, payable
yearly, to continue for a given number of years, for life, or
forever; an annual allowance.
An*nul" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Annulled
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Annulling.] [F. annuler, LL.
annullare, annulare, fr. L. ad
to + nullus none, nullum, neut., nothing.
See Null, a.] 1. To
reduce to nothing; to obliterate.
Light, the prime work of God, to me's extinct.
And all her various objects of delight
Annulled.
Milton.
2. To make void or of no effect; to nullify; to
abolish; to do away with; -- used appropriately of laws, decrees,
edicts, decisions of courts, or other established rules,
permanent usages, and the like, which are made void by component
authority.
Do they mean to annul laws of inestimable value to
our liberties?
Burke.
Syn. -- To abolish; abrogate; repeal; cancel; reverse;
rescind; revoke; nullify; destroy. See Abolish.
An"nu*lar (#), a. [L.
annularis, fr. annulis ring: cf. F.
annulaire.] 1. Pertaining to, or
having the form of, a ring; forming a ring; ringed; ring-shaped;
as, annular fibers.
2. Banded or marked with circles.
Annular eclipse (Astron.), an
eclipse of the sun in which the moon at the middle of the eclipse
conceals the central part of the sun's disk, leaving a complete
ring of light around the border.
An`nu*lar"i*ty (#), n. Annular
condition or form; as, the annularity of a
nebula.
J. Rogers.
An"nu*lar*ry, adv. In an annular
manner.
An"nu*la*ry (#), a. [L.
annularis. See Annular.] Having
the form of a ring; annular.
Ray.
\'d8An`nu*la"ta (#), n. pl.
[Neut. pl., fr. L. annulatus ringed.]
(Zo\'94l.) A class of articulate animals, nearly
equivalent to Annelida, including the marine annelids,
earthworms, Gephyrea, Gymnotoma, leeches, etc. See
Annelida.
An"nu*late (#), n.
(Zo\'94l.) One of the Annulata.
{ An"nu*late, An"nu*la`ted (#)
} a. [L. annulatus.]
1. Furnished with, or composed of, rings; ringed;
surrounded by rings of color.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the
Annulata.
An`nu*la"tion (#), n. A
circular or ringlike formation; a ring or belt.
Nicholson.
An"nu*let (#), n. [Dim. of
annulus.] 1. A little ring.
Tennyson.
2. (Arch.) A small, flat fillet,
encircling a column, etc., used by itself, or with other
moldings. It is used, several times repeated, under the Doric
capital.
3. (Her.) A little circle borne as a
charge.
4. (Zo\'94l.) A narrow circle of some
distinct color on a surface or round an organ.
An*nul"la*ble (#), a. That may
be Annulled.
An*nul"ler (#), n. One who
annuls. [R.]
An*nul"ment (#), n. [Cf. F.
annulement.] The act of annulling;
abolition; invalidation.
An"nu*loid (#), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the
Annuloida.
\'d8An`nu*loid"a (#), n. pl.
[NL., fr. L. annulus ring +
-oid.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of
the Articulata, including the annelids and allied groups;
sometimes made to include also the helminths and
echinoderms. [Written also
Annuloidea.]
\'d8An"nu*lo"sa (#), n. pl.
[NL.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of the
Invertebrata, nearly equivalent to the Articulata. It includes
the Arthoropoda and Anarthropoda. By some zo\'94logists it is
applied to the former only.
An`nu*lo"san (#), n.
(Zo\'94l.) One of the Annulosa.
An"nu*lose` (/; 277), a. [L.
annulus ring.] 1. Furnished with,
or composed of, rings or ringlike segments; ringed.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the
Annulosa.
\'d8An"nu*lus (#), n.; pl.
Annuli (#). [L.] 1.
A ring; a ringlike part or space.
2. (Geom.) (a) A space
contained between the circumferences of two circles, one within
the other. (b) The solid formed by a circle
revolving around a line which is the plane of the circle but does
not cut it.
3. (Zo\'94l.) Ring-shaped structures or
markings, found in, or upon, various animals.
An*nu"mer*ate (#), v. t. [L.
annumeratus, p. p. of annumerare. See
Numerate.] To add on; to count in.
[Obs.]
Wollaston.
An*nu`mer*a"tion (#), n. [L.
annumeratio.] Addition to a former
number. [Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
An*nun"ci*a*ble (#), a. That
may be announced or declared; declarable. [R.]
An*nun"ci*ate (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Annunciated; p.
pr. & vb. n. Annunciating.] [L.
annuntiare. See Announce.] To
announce.
An*nun"ci*ate (#), p. p. & a.
Foretold; preannounced. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
An*nun`ci*a"tion (?; 277), n.
[L. annuntiatio: cf. F.
annonciation.] 1. The act of
announcing; announcement; proclamation; as, the
annunciation of peace.
2. (Eccl.) (a) The announcement
of the incarnation, made by the angel Gabriel to the Virgin
Mary. (b) The festival celebrated (March
25th) by the Church of England, of Rome, etc., in memory of the
angel's announcement, on that day; Lady Day.
An*nun"ci*a*tive (#), a.
Pertaining to annunciation; announcing.
[R.]
Dr. H. More.
An*nun"ci*a`tor (#), n. [L.
annuntiator.] 1. One who
announces. Specifically: An officer in the church of
Constantinople, whose business it was to inform the people of the
festivals to be celebrated.
2. An indicator (as in a hotel) which designates
the room where attendance is wanted.
An*nun"ci*a*to*ry (#), a.
Pertaining to, or containing, announcement; making
known. [R.]
\'d8A*noa" (#), n. [Native
name.] (Zo\'94l.) A small wild ox of
Celebes (Anoa depressicornis), allied to the buffalo,
but having long nearly straight horns.
An"ode (#), n. [Gr. / up +
/ way.] (Elec.) The positive pole of an
electric battery, or more strictly the electrode by which the
current enters the electrolyte on its way to the other pole; --
opposed to cathode.
\'d8An"o*don (#), n. [NL., fr.
Gr. / toothless; / priv. + /, /, a tooth.]
(Zo\'94l.) A genus of fresh-water bivalves,
having to teeth at the hinge. [Written also
Anodonta.]
An"o*dyne (#), a. [L.
anodynus, Gr. / free from pain, stilling pain; /
priv. + / pain: cf. F. anodin.] Serving
to assuage pain; soothing.
The anodyne draught of oblivion.
Burke.
Am. Cyc.
An"o*dyne, n. [L. anodynon.
See Anodyne, a.] Any medicine
which allays pain, as an opiate or narcotic; anything that
soothes disturbed feelings.
An"o*dy`nous (#), a.
Anodyne.
A*noil" (#), v. t. [OF.
enoilier.] The anoint with oil.
[Obs.]
Holinshed.
A*noint" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Anointed; p.
pr. & vb. n. Anointing.] [OF.
enoint, p. p. of enoindre, fr. L.
inungere; in + ungere, unguere,
to smear, anoint. See Ointment, Unguent.]
1. To smear or rub over with oil or an unctuous
substance; also, to spread over, as oil.
And fragrant oils the stiffened limbs anoint.
Dryden.
He anointed the eyes of the blind man with the
clay.
John ix. 6.
2. To apply oil to or to pour oil upon, etc., as a
sacred rite, especially for consecration.
Then shalt thou take the anointing oil, and pour it
upon his [Aaron's] head and anoint him.
Exod. xxix. 7.
Anoint Hazael to be king over Syria.
1 Kings xix. 15.
The Lord's Anointed, Christ or the Messiah;
also, a Jewish or other king by \'bddivine right.\'b8
1 Sam. xxvi. 9.
A*noint", p. p. Anointed.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
A*noint"er (#), n. One who
anoints.
A*noint"ment (#), n. The act of
anointing, or state of being anointed; also, an ointment.
Milton.
\'d8A*no"lis (#), n. [In the
Antilles, anoli, anoalli, a lizard.]
(Zo\'94l.) A genus of lizards which belong to the
family Iguanid\'91. They take the place in the New
World of the chameleons in the Old, and in America are often
called chameleons.
A*nom"al (#), n. Anything
anomalous. [R.]
{ A*nom"a*li*ped (#)(#),
A*nom"a*li*pede (#), } a.
[L. anomalus irregular + pes,
pedis, foot.] Having anomalous feet.
A*nom"a*li*ped, n. (Zo\'94l.)
One of a group of perching birds, having the middle toe more
or less united to the outer and inner ones.
A*nom"a*lism (#), n. An
anomaly; a deviation from rule.
Hooker.
{ A*nom`a*lis"tic (#),
A*nom`a*lis"tic*al (#), } a.
[Cf. F. anomalistique.] 1.
Irregular; departing from common or established rules.
2. (Astron.) Pertaining to the anomaly,
or angular distance of a planet from its perihelion.
Anomalistic month. See under
Month. -- Anomalistic revolution,
the period in which a planet or satellite goes through the
complete cycles of its changes of anomaly, or from any point in
its elliptic orbit to the same again. --
Anomalistic, or Periodical
year. See under Year.
A*nom`a*lis"tic*al*ly, adv. With
irregularity.
A*nom`a*lo*flo"rous (#), a. [L.
anomalus irregular + flos,
floris, flower.] (Bot.) Having
anomalous flowers.
A*nom"a*lous (#), a [L.
anomalus, Gr. / uneven, irregular; / priv. + /
even, / same. See Same, and cf.
Abnormal.] Deviating from a general rule,
method, or analogy; abnormal; irregular; as, an
anomalous proceeding.
A*nom"a*lous*ly, adv. In an anomalous
manner.
A*nom"a*lous*ness, n. Quality of being
anomalous.
A*nom"a*ly (#), n.; pl.
Anomalies (#). [L.
anomalia, Gr. /. See Anomalous.]
1. Deviation from the common rule; an irregularity;
anything anomalous.
We are enabled to unite into a consistent whole the various
anomalies and contending principles that are found in
the minds and affairs of men.
Burke.
As Professor Owen has remarked, there is no greater
anomaly in nature than a bird that can not fly.
Darwin.
2. (Astron.) (a) The angular
distance of a planet from its perihelion, as seen from the sun.
This is the true anomaly. The eccentric
anomaly is a corresponding angle at the center of the elliptic
orbit of the planet. The mean anomaly is what the
anomaly would be if the planet's angular motion were
uniform. (b) The angle measuring apparent
irregularities in the motion of a planet.
3. (Nat. Hist.) Any deviation from the
essential characteristics of a specific type.
\'d8A*no"mi*a (#), n. [NL., fr.
Gr. / irregular; / priv. + / law.]
(Zo\'94l.) A genus of bivalve shells, allied to
the oyster, so called from their unequal valves, of which the
lower is perforated for attachment.
An`o*moph"yl*lous (#), a. [Gr.
/ irregular + / leaf.] (Bot.) Having
leaves irregularly placed.
{ \'d8An`o*mu"ra (#),
\'d8An`o*mou"ra (#), } n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / lawless + / tail.]
(Zo\'94l.) A group of decapod Crustacea, of which
the hermit crab in an example.
{ An`o*mu"ral (#), An`o*mu"ran
(#), } a. Irregular in the
character of the tail or abdomen; as, the anomural
crustaceans. [Written also
anomoural, anomouran.]
An`o*mu"ran, n. (Zo\'94l.)
One of the Anomura.
An"o*my (#), n. [Gr. /. See
Anomia.] Disregard or violation of law.
[R.]
Glanvill.
A*non" (#), adv. [OE.
anoon, anon, anan, lit., in one
(moment), fr. AS. on in + \'ben one. See
On and One.] 1.
Straightway; at once. [Obs.]
The same is he that heareth the word, and anon with
joy receiveth it.
Matt. xiii. 20.
2. Soon; in a little while.
As it shall better appear anon.
Stow.
3. At another time; then; again.
Sometimes he trots, . . . anon he rears
upright.
Shak.
Anon right, at once; right off.
[Obs.] Chaucer. -- Ever and
anon, now and then; frequently; often.
A pouncet box, which ever and anon
He gave his nose.
Shak.
\'d8A*no"na, n. [NL. Cf.
Ananas.] (Bot.) A genus of
tropical or subtropical plants of the natural order
Anonace\'91, including the soursop.
An`o*na"ceous, a. Pertaining to the
order of plants including the soursop, custard apple, etc.
An"o*nym (#), n. [F.
anonyme. See Anonymous.] 1.
One who is anonymous; also sometimes used for
\'bdpseudonym.\'b8
2. A notion which has no name, or which can not be
expressed by a single English word. [R.]
J. R. Seeley.
An`o*nym"i*ty, n. The quality or state
of being anonymous; anonymousness; also, that which
anonymous. [R.]
He rigorously insisted upon the rights of
anonymity.
Carlyle.
A*non"y*mous, a. [Gr. / without name;
/ priv. + /, Eol. for / name. See Name.]
Nameless; of unknown name; also, of unknown /or unavowed
authorship; as, an anonymous benefactor; an
anonymous pamphlet or letter.
<-- p. 61 -->
A*non"y*mous*ly (#), adv. In an
anonymous manner; without a name.
Swift.
A*non"y*mous*ness, n. The state or
quality of being anonymous.
Coleridge.
An"o*phyte (#), n. [Gr. /
upward (fr. / up) + / a plant, / to grow.]
(Bot.) A moss or mosslike plant which cellular
stems, having usually an upward growth and distinct leaves.
\'d8An"o*pla (#), n. pl. [NL.,
fr. Gr. / unarmed.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the
two orders of Nemerteans. See Nemertina.
An*op"lo*there (#),
\'d8An`o*plo*the"ri*um (#), n.
[From Gr. / unarmed (/ priv. + / an implement, weapon)
+ / beast.] (Paleon.) A genus of extinct
quadrupeds of the order Ungulata, whose were first
found in the gypsum quarries near Paris; characterized by the
shortness and feebleness of their canine teeth (whence the
name).
\'d8An`o*plu"ra (#), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / priv. + / weapon, sting + /
tail.] (Zo\'94l.) A group of insects which
includes the lice.
{ \'d8A*nop"si*a (#), An"op`sy
(#), } a. [Gr. / priv. + /
sight.] (Med.) Want or defect of sight;
blindness.
{ \'d8An`o*rex"i*a (#),
An"o*rex`y (#) } n. [Gr.
/; / priv. + / desire, appetite, / desire.]
(Med.) Want of appetite, without a loathing of
food.
Coxe.
A*nor"mal (#), a. [F.
anormal. See Abnormal,
Normal.] Not according to rule;
abnormal. [Obs.]
A*norn (#), v. t. [OF.
a\'94rner, a\'94urner, fr. L.
adornare to adorn. The form
a-ourne was corrupted into
anourne.] To adorn.
[Obs.]
Bp. Watson.
A*nor"thic (#), a. [See
Anorthite.] (Min.) Having unequal
oblique axes; as, anorthic crystals.
A*nor"thite (#), n. [Gr. /
priv. + / straight (/ sc. / right angle); not in a right
angle.] A mineral of the feldspar family, commonly
occurring in small glassy crystals, also a constituent of some
igneous rocks. It is a lime feldspar. See
Feldspar.
A*nor"tho*scope (#), n. [Gr.
/ priv. + / straight + -scope.]
(Physics) An optical toy for producing amusing
figures or pictures by means of two revolving disks, on one of
which distorted figures are painted.
\'d8A*nos"mi*a (#), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. / priv. + / smell.] (Med.) Loss
of the sense of smell.
An*oth"er (#), pron. & a.
[An a, one + other.] 1.
One more, in addition to a former number; a second or
additional one, similar in likeness or in effect.
Another yet! -- a seventh! I 'll see no more.
Shak.
Would serve to scale another Hero's tower.
Shak.
2. Not the same; different.
He winks, and turns his lips another way.
Shak.
3. Any or some; any different person, indefinitely;
any one else; some one else.
Let another man praise thee, and not thine own
mouth.
Prov. xxvii. 2.
While I am coming, another steppeth down before
me.
John v. 7.
another may have a
possessive another's, pl. others, poss. pl.
other'. It is much used in opposition to
one; as, one went one way, another another.
It is also used with one, in a reciprocal sense; as,
\'bdlove one another,\'b8 that is, let each love the
other or others. \'bdThese two imparadised in one
another's arms.\'b8
Milton.
An*oth"er-gaines` (#), a.
[Corrupted fr. another-gates.]
Of another kind. [Obs.]
Sir P. Sidney.
An*oth"er-gates` (#), a.
[Another + gate, or gait,
way. Cf. Algates.] Of another sort.
[Obs.] \'bdAnother-gates adventure.\'b8
Hudibras.
An*oth"er-guess (#), a.
[Corrupted fr. another-gates.]
Of another sort. [Archaic]
It used to go in another-guess manner.
Arbuthnot.
A*not"ta (#), n. See
Annotto.
An*ou"ra (?; 277), n. See
Anura.
An*ou"rous (#), a. See
Anurous.
\'d8An"sa (#), n.; pl.
Ans\'91 (#). [L., a handle.]
(Astron.) A name given to either of the
projecting ends of Saturn's ring.
An"sa*ted (#), a. [L.
ansatus, fr. ansa a handle.]
Having a handle.
Johnson.
An"ser*a`ted (#), a.
(Her.) Having the extremities terminate in the
heads of eagles, lions, etc.; as, an anserated
cross.
\'d8An"se*res (#), n. pl. [L.,
geese.] (Zo\'94l.) A Linn\'91an order of
aquatic birds swimming by means of webbed feet, as the duck, or
of lobed feet, as the grebe. In this order were included the
geese, ducks, auks, divers, gulls, petrels, etc.
\'d8An`se*ri*for"mes (#), n. pl.
(Zo\'94l.) A division of birds including the
geese, ducks, and closely allied forms.
An"ser*ine (#), a [L.
anserinus, fr. anser a goose.]
1. Pertaining to, or resembling, a goose, or the
skin of a goose.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to the
Anseres.
An"ser*ous (#), a. [L.
anser a goose.] Resembling a goose; silly;
simple.
Sydney Smith.
An"swer (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Answered
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Answering.] [OE. andswerien,
AS. andswerian, andswarian, to answer, fr.
andswaru, n., answer. See Answer,
n.] 1. To speak in defense
against; to reply to in defense; as, to answer a
charge; to answer an accusation.
2. To speak or write in return to, as in return to
a call or question, or to a speech, declaration, argument, or the
like; to reply to (a question, remark, etc.); to respond
to.
She answers him as if she knew his mind.
Shak.
So spake the apostate angel, though in pain: . . .
And him thus answered soon his bold compeer.
Milton.
3. To respond to satisfactorily; to meet
successfully by way of explanation, argument, or justification,
and the like; to refute.
No man was able to answer him a word.
Matt. xxii. 46.
These shifts refuted, answer thine appellant.
Milton.
The reasoning was not and could not be
answered.
Macaulay.
4. To be or act in return or response to.
Hence: (a) To be or act in compliance with, in
fulfillment or satisfaction of, as an order, obligation, demand;
as, he answered my claim upon him; the servant
answered the bell.
This proud king . . . studies day and night
To answer all the debts he owes unto you.
Shak.
(b) To render account to or for.
I will . . . send him to answer thee.
Shak.
(c) To atone; to be punished for.
And grievously hath C\'91zar answered it.
Shak.
(d) To be opposite to; to face.
The windows answering each other, we could just
discern the glowing horizon them.
Gilpin.
(e) To be or act an equivalent to, or as adequate
or sufficient for; to serve for; to repay.
[R.]
Money answereth all things.
Eccles. x. 19.
(f) To be or act in accommodation, conformity,
relation, or proportion to; to correspond to; to suit.
Weapons must needs be dangerous things, if they
answered the bulk of so prodigious a person.
Swift.
An"swer, v. i. 1. To speak or
write by way of return (originally, to a charge), or in reply; to
make response.
There was no voice, nor any that answered.
1 Kings xviii. 26.
2. To make a satisfactory response or return.
Hence: To render account, or to be responsible; to be
accountable; to make amends; as, the man must answer
to his employer for the money intrusted to his care.
Let his neck answer for it, if there is any martial
law.
Shak.
3. To be or act in return. Hence:
(a) To be or act by way of compliance, fulfillment,
reciprocation, or satisfaction; to serve the purpose; as,
gypsum answers as a manure on some soils.
Do the strings answer to thy noble hand?
Dryden.
(b) To be opposite, or to act in opposition.
(c) To be or act as an equivalent, or as adequate
or sufficient; as, a very few will
answer. (d) To be or act in
conformity, or by way of accommodation, correspondence, relation,
or proportion; to conform; to correspond; to suit; -- usually
with to.
That the time may have all shadow and silence in it, and the
place answer to convenience.
Shak.
If this but answer to my just belief,
I 'll remember you.
Shak.
As in water face answereth to face, so the heart of
man to man.
Pro/. xxvii. 19.
An"swer, n. [OE. andsware,
AS. andswaru; and against +
swerian to swear. /, /. See Anti-, and
Swear, and cf. 1st un-.] 1.
A reply to a change; a defense.
At my first answer no man stood with me.
2 Tim. iv. 16.
2. Something said or written in reply to a
question, a call, an argument, an address, or the like; a
reply.
A soft answer turneth away wrath.
Prov. xv. 1.
I called him, but he gave me no answer.
Cant. v. 6.
3. Something done in return for, or in consequence
of, something else; a responsive action.
Great the slaughter is
Here made by the Roman; great the answer be
Britons must take.
Shak.
4. A solution, the result of a mathematical
operation; as, the answer to a problem.
5. (Law) A counter-statement of facts in
a course of pleadings; a confutation of what the other party has
alleged; a responsive declaration by a witness in reply to a
question. In Equity, it is the usual form of defense
to the complainant's charges in his bill.
Bouvier.
Syn. -- Reply; rejoinder; response. See
Reply.
An"swer*a*ble (#), a. 1.
Obliged to answer; liable to be called to account; liable to
pay, indemnify, or make good; accountable; amenable; responsible;
as, an agent is answerable to his principal; to be
answerable for a debt, or for damages.
Will any man argue that . . . he can not be justly punished,
but is answerable only to God?
Swift.
2. Capable of being answered or refuted; admitting
a satisfactory answer.
The argument, though subtle, is yet answerable.
Johnson.
3. Correspondent; conformable; hence,
comparable.
What wit and policy of man is answerable to their
discreet and orderly course?
Holland.
This revelation . . . was answerable to that of the
apostle to the Thessalonians.
Milton.
4. Proportionate; commensurate; suitable; as,
an achievement answerable to the preparation for
it.
5. Equal; equivalent; adequate.
[Archaic]
Had the valor of his soldiers been answerable, he
had reached that year, as was thought, the utmost bounds of
Britain.
Milton.
An"swer*a*ble*ness, n. The quality of
being answerable, liable, responsible, or correspondent.
An"swer*a*bly (#), adv. In an
answerable manner; in due proportion or correspondence;
suitably.
An"swer*er (#), n. One who
answers.
An"swer*less (#), a. Having no
answer, or impossible to be answered.
Byron.
An 't (#). An it, that is,
and it or if it. See An,
conj. [Obs.]
An't (#). A contraction for are
and am not; also used for is not; -- now
usually written ain't. [Colloq. &
illiterate speech.]
Ant-. See Anti-, prefix.
-ant. [F. -ant, fr. L. -antem
or -entem, the pr. p. ending; also sometimes directly
from L. -antem.] A suffix sometimes marking
the agent for action; as, merchant,
covenant, servant, pleasant, etc.
Cf. -ent.
Ant (#), n. [OE.
ante, amete, emete, AS.
\'91mete akin to G. ameise. Cf.
Emmet.] (Zo\'94l.) A hymenopterous
insect of the Linn\'91an genus Formica, which is now
made a family of several genera; an emmet; a pismire.
agricultural ants, carpenter ants,
honey ants, foraging ants, amazon
ants, etc. The white ants or Termites belong to
the Neuroptera.
Ant bird (Zo\'94l.), one of a very
extensive group of South American birds
(Formicariid\'91), which live on ants. The family
includes many species, some of which are called ant
shrikes, ant thrushes, and ant
wrens. -- Ant rice (Bot.),
a species of grass (Aristida oligantha) cultivated
by the agricultural ants of Texas for the sake of its
seed.
\'d8An"ta (#), n.; pl.
Ant\'91 (#). [L.]
(Arch.) A species of pier produced by thickening
a wall at its termination, treated architecturally as a pilaster,
with capital and base.
ant\'91, are called in Latin in
antis.
Ant*ac"id (#), n.
[Pref. anti- + acid.]
(Med.) A remedy for acidity of the stomach, as an
alkali or absorbent. -- a.
Counteractive of acidity.
Ant*ac"rid (#), a. [Pref.
anti- + acrid.] Corrective of
acrimony of the humors.
An*t\'91"an (#), a. [Gr.
/.] Pertaining to Ant\'91us, a giant athlete slain
by Hercules.
An*tag"o*nism (#), n. [Gr. /,
fr. / to struggle against; / against + / to contend or
struggle, / contest: cf. F. antagonisme. See
Agony.] Opposition of action; counteraction
or contrariety of things or principles.
antagonism between two
things, to or against a thing, and
sometimes with a thing.
An*tag"o*nist (#), n. [L.
antagonista, Gr. /; / against + / combatant,
champion, fr. /: cf. F. antagoniste. See
Antagonism.] 1. One who contends
with another, especially in combat; an adversary; an
opponent.
Antagonist of Heaven's Almigthy King.
Milton.
Our antagonists in these controversies.
Hooker.
2. (Anat.) A muscle which acts in
opposition to another; as a flexor, which bends a
part, is the antagonist of an extensor,
which extends it.
3. (Med.) A medicine which opposes the
action of another medicine or of a poison when absorbed into the
blood or tissues.
Syn. -- Adversary; enemy; opponent; toe; competitor. See
Adversary.
An*tag"o*nist, a. Antagonistic;
opposing; counteracting; as, antagonist schools of
philosophy.
{ An*tag`o*nis"tic (#),
An*tag`o*nis"tic*al (#), } a.
Opposing in combat, combating; contending or acting against;
as, antagonistic forces. --
An*tag`o*nis"tic*al*ly,
adv.
They were distinct, adverse, even antagonistic.
Milman.
An*tag"o*nize (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Antagonized
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Antagonozing.] [Gr. /. See
Antagonism.] To contend with; to oppose
actively; to counteract.
An*tag"o*nize, v. i. To act in
opposition.
An*tag"o*ny (#), n. [Gr. /;
/ + / contest: cf. F. (16th century) antagonie.
See Antagonism.] Contest; opposition;
antagonism. [Obs.]
Antagony that is between Christ and Belial.
Milton.
An*tal"gic (#), a. [Pref.
anti- + Gr. / pain: cf. F.
antalgique.] (Med.) Alleviating
pain. -- n. A medicine to alleviate pain;
an anodyne. [R.]
Ant*al"ka*li (?; 277),
Ant*al"ka*line (#), n. [Pref.
anti- + alkali.] Anything that
neutralizes, or that counteracts an alkaline tendency in the
system.
Hoopplw.
Ant*al"ka*line, a. Of power to
counteract alkalies.
<-- p. 62 -->
Ant*am`bu*la"cral (#),
a. (Zo\'94l.) Away from the ambulacral
region.
\'d8Ant`an*a*cla"sis (#), n.
[Gr. /; / + / a bending back and breaking. See
Anaclastic.] (Rhet.) (a)
A figure which consists in repeating the same word in a
different sense; as, Learn some craft when young,
that when old you may live without craft.
(b) A repetition of words beginning a sentence,
after a long parenthesis; as, Shall that heart (which not
only feels them, but which has all motions of life placed in
them), shall that heart, etc.
\'d8Ant`an*a*go"ge (#), n.
[Pref. anti- + anagoge.]
(Rhet.) A figure which consists in answering the
charge of an adversary, by a counter charge.
Ant`aph*ro*dis"i*ac (#), a.
[Pref. anti- + aphrodisiac.]
(Med.) Capable of blunting the venereal
appetite. -- n. Anything that
quells the venereal appetite.
Ant`aph*ro*dit"ic (#), a.
[Pref. anti- + Gr. / Aphrodite: cf. F.
antaphroditique.] (Med.)
1. Antaphrodisiac.
2. Antisyphilitic. [R.]
Ant`aph*ro*dit"ic, n. An antaphroditic
medicine.
Ant`ap*o*plec"tic (#), a.
[Pref. anti- + apoplectic.]
(Med.) Good against apoplexy. --
n. A medicine used against
apoplexy.
Ant*ar"chism (#), n. [Pref.
anti- + Gr. / government.] Opposition to
government in general. [R.]
Ant*ar"chist (#), n. One who
opposes all government. [R.]
{ Ant`ar*chis"tic (#),
Ant`ar*chis"tic*al (#), } a.
Opposed to all human government. [R.]
Ant*arc"tic (#), a. [OE.
antartik, OF. antartique, F.
antarctique, L. antarcticus, fr. Gr. /;
/ + / bear. See Arctic.] Opposite to the
northern or arctic pole; relating to the southern pole or to the
region near it, and applied especially to a circle, distant from
the pole 23antarctic
pole, circle, ocean, region, current, etc.
\'d8An*ta"res (#), n. [Gr. /;
/ similar to + / Mars. It was thought to resemble Mars in
color.] The principal star in Scorpio: -- called also
the Scorpion's Heart.
Ant`ar*thrit"ic (#), a. [Pref.
anti- + arthritic.] (Med.)
Counteracting or alleviating gout. -- n. A
remedy against gout.
Ant`asth*mat"ic (? or ?; see Asthma;
277), a. [Pref. anti- +
asthmatic.] (Med.) Opposing, or
fitted to relieve, asthma. -- n. A remedy
for asthma.
Ant"-bear` (#), n.
(Zo\'94l.) An edentate animal of tropical America
(the Tamanoir), living on ants. It belongs to the
genus Myrmecophaga.
Ant" bird (#), (Zo\'94l.) See
Ant bird, under Ant, n.
Ant"-cat`tle (#), n. pl.
(Zo\'94l.) Various kinds of plant lice or aphids
tended by ants for the sake of the honeydew which they secrete.
See Aphips.
An"te- (#). A Latin preposition and
prefix; akin to Gr. /, Skr. anti, Goth.
and-, anda- (only in comp.), AS.
and-, ond-, (only in comp.: cf.
Answer, Along), G. ant-,
ent- (in comp.). The Latin ante is
generally used in the sense of before, in regard to
position, order, or time, and the Gr. / in that of
opposite, or in the place of.
An"te, n. (Poker Playing)
Each player's stake, which is put into the pool before
(ante) the game begins.
An"te, v. t. & i. To put up (an
ante).
An"te*act` (#), n. A preceding
act.
An"te*al (#), a.
[ets>antea, ante, before. Cf.
Ancient.] Being before, or in front.
[R.]
J. Fleming.
Ant"-eat`er (#), n.
(Zo\'94l.) One of several species of edentates
and monotremes that feed upon ants. See Ant-bear,
Pangolin, Aard-vark, and
Echidna.
An`te*ce*da"ne*ous (#), a. [See
Antecede.] Antecedent; preceding in
time. \'bdCapable of antecedaneous proof.\'b8
Barrow.
An`te*cede" (#), v. t. & i. [L.
antecedere; ante + cedere to go. See
Cede.] To go before in time or place; to
precede; to surpass.
Sir M. Hale.
An`te*ced"ence (#), n. 1.
The act or state of going before in time; precedence.
H. Spenser.
2. (Astron.) An apparent motion of a
planet toward the west; retrogradation.
An`te*ced"en*cy (#), n. The
state or condition of being antecedent; priority.
Fothherby.
An`te*ced"ent (#), a. [L.
antecedens, -entis, p. pr. of
antecedere: cf. F. ant\'82c\'82dent.]
1. Going before in time; prior; anterior;
preceding; as, an event antecedent to the Deluge; an
antecedent cause.
2. Presumptive; as, an antecedent
improbability.
Syn. -- Prior; previous; foregoing.
An`te*ced"ent, n. [Cf. F.
ant\'82c\'82dent.] 1. That which
goes before in time; that which precedes.
South.
The Homeric mythology, as well as the Homeric language, has
surely its antecedents.
Max Miller.
2. One who precedes or goes in front.
[Obs.]
My antecedent, or my gentleman usher.
Massinger.
3. pl. The earlier events of one's
life; previous principles, conduct, course, history.
J. H. Newman.
If the troops . . . prove worthy of their
antecedents, the victory is surely ours.
Gen. G. McClellan.
4. (Gram.) The noun to which a relative
refers; as, in the sentence \'bdSolomon was the prince who
built the temple,\'b8 prince is the antecedent
of who.
5. (Logic) (a) The first or
conditional part of a hypothetical proposition; as, If the
earth is fixed, the sun must move. (b)
The first of the two propositions which constitute an
enthymeme or contracted syllogism; as, Every man is mortal;
therefore the king must die.
6. (Math.) The first of the two terms of
a ratio; the first or third of the four terms of a proportion. In
the ratio a:b, a is the
antecedent, and b the consequent.
An`te*ced"ent*ly (#), adv.
Previously; before in time; at a time preceding; as,
antecedently to conversion.
Barrow.
An`te*ces"sor (#), n. [L., fr.
antecedere, antecessum. See
Antecede, Ancestor.] 1. One
who goes before; a predecessor.
The successor seldom prosecuting his antecessor's
devices.
Sir E. Sandys.
2. An ancestor; a progenitor.
[Obs.]
An"te*cham`ber (#), n. [Cf. F.
antichambre.] 1. A chamber or
apartment before the chief apartment and leading into it, in
which persons wait for audience; an outer chamber. See
Lobby.
2. A space viewed as the outer chamber or the
entrance to an interior part.
The mouth, the antechamber to the digestive
canal.
Todd & Bowman.
An"te*chap`el (#), n. The outer
part of the west end of a collegiate or other chapel.
Shipley.
An*te"cians (#), n. pl. See
Ant/cians.
An`te*com*mun"ion (#), n. A
name given to that part of the Anglican liturgy for the
communion, which precedes the consecration of the elements.
An`te*cur"sor (#), n. [L., fr.
antecurrere to run before; ante + currere
to run.] A forerunner; a precursor.
[Obs.]
An"te*date` (#), n. 1.
Prior date; a date antecedent to another which is the actual
date.
2. Anticipation. [Obs.]
Donne.
An"te*date` (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Antedated; p.
pr. & vb. n. Antedating.] 1.
To date before the true time; to assign to an earlier date;
thus, to antedate a deed or a bond is to give it a
date anterior to the true time of its execution.
2. To precede in time.
3. To anticipate; to make before the true
time.
And antedate the bliss above.
Pope.
Who rather rose the day to antedate.
Wordsworth.
An`te*di*lu"vi*al (#), a.
[Pref. ante- + diluvial.]
Before the flood, or Deluge, in Noah's time.
An`te*di*lu"vi*an (#), a. Of or
relating to the period before the Deluge in Noah's time; hence,
antiquated; as, an antediluvian vehicle.
-- n. One who lived before the
Deluge.
An"te*fact` (#), n. Something
done before another act. [Obs.]
An"te*fix` (#), n.; pl. E.
Antefixes (#); L. Antefixa
(#). [L. ante + fixus
fixed.] (Arch.) (a) An ornament
fixed upon a frieze. (b) An ornament at the
eaves, concealing the ends of the joint tiles of the roof.
(c) An ornament of the cymatium of a classic
cornice, sometimes pierced for the escape of water.
An`te*flex"ion (#), n.
(Med.) A displacement forward of an organ, esp.
the uterus, in such manner that its axis is bent upon
itself.
T. G. Thomas.
Ant" egg` (#). One of the small white
egg-shaped pup\'91 or cocoons of the ant, often seen in or about
ant-hills, and popularly supposed to be eggs.
An"te*lope (#), n. [OF.
antelop, F. antilope, fro Gr. /, /,
Eustathius, \'bdHexa\'89m.,\'b8 p. 36, the origin of which is
unknown.] (Zo\'94l.) One of a group of
ruminant quadrupeds, intermediate between the deer and the goat.
The horns are usually annulated, or ringed. There are many
species in Africa and Asia.
The antelope and wolf both fierce and fell.
Spenser.
Antilope bezoartica. The chamois of the Alps, the
gazelle, the addax, and the eland are other species. See
Gazelle. The pronghorn antelope (Antilocapra
Americana) is found in the Rocky Mountains. See
Pronghorn.
An`te*lu"can (#), a. [L.
antelucanus; ante + lux light.]
Held or being before light; -- a word applied to assemblies
of Christians, in ancient times of persecution, held before light
in the morning. \'bdAntelucan worship.\'b8
De Quincey.
An`te*me*rid"i*an (#), a. [L.
antemeridianus; ante + meridianus belonging
to midday or noon. See Meridian.] Being
before noon; in or pertaining to the forenoon. (Abbrev.
a. m.)
Ant`e*met"ic (#), a. [Pref.
anti- + emetic.] (Med.)
Tending to check vomiting. -- n.
A remedy to check or allay vomiting.
An`te*mo*sa"ic (#), a. Being
before the time of Moses.
An`te*mun"dane (#), a. Being or
occurring before the creation of the world.
Young.
An`te*mu"ral (#), n. [L.
antemurale: ante + murus wall. See
Mural.] An outwork of a strong, high wall,
with turrets, in front gateway (as of an old castle), for
defending the entrance.
An`te*na"tal (#), a. Before
birth.
Shelley.
An`te*ni"cene (#), a.
[L.] Of or in the Christian church or era,
anterior to the first council of Nice, held a. d. 325;
as, antenicene faith.
An*ten"na (#), n.; pl.
Antenn\'91 (#). [L.
antenna sail-yard; NL., a feeler, horn of an
insect.] (Zo\'94l.) A movable, articulated
organ of sensation, attached to the heads of insects and
Crustacea. There are two in the former, and usually four in the
latter. They are used as organs of touch, and in some species of
Crustacea the cavity of the ear is situated near the basal joint.
In insects, they are popularly called horns, and also
feelers. The term in also applied to similar organs on
the heads of other arthropods and of annelids.
An*ten"nal (#), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Belonging to the antenn\'91.
Owen.
An`ten*nif"er*ous (#), a.
[Antenna + -ferous.]
(Zo\'94l.) Bearing or having antenn\'91.
An*ten"ni*form (#), a.
[Antenna + -form.] Shaped
like antenn\'91.
An*ten"nule (#), n. [Dim. of
antenna.] (Zo\'94l.) A small
antenna; -- applied to the smaller pair of antenn\'91 or feelers
of Crustacea.
An`te*num"ber (#), n. A number
that precedes another. [R.]
Bacon.
An`te*nup"tial (#), a.
Preceding marriage; as, an antenuptial
agreement.
Kent.
An`te*or"bit*al (#), a. & n.
(Anat.) Same as Antorbital.
An`te*pas"chal (#), a.
Pertaining to the time before the Passover, or before
Easter.
An"te*past (#), n. [Pref.
ante- + L. pastus pasture, food. Cf.
Repast.] A foretaste.
Antepasts of joy and comforts.
Jer. Taylor.
\'d8An`te*pen"di*um (#), n.
[LL., fr. L. ante + pendere to hang.]
(Eccl.) The hangings or screen in front of the
altar; an altar cloth; the frontal.
Smollett.
{ An`te*pe"nult (#), \'d8
An`te*pe*nult"i*ma (#), } n.
[L. antepaenultima (sc. syllaba)
antepenultimate; ante before + paenultimus
the last but one; paene almost + ultimus
last.] (Pros.) The last syllable of a word
except two, as -syl in monosyllable.
An`te*pe*nult"i*mate (#), a. Of
or pertaining to the last syllable but two. --
n. The antepenult.
Ant`eph*i*al"tic (#), a. [Pref.
anti- + Gr. / nightmare.] (Med.)
Good against nightmare. -- n. A
remedy nightmare.
Dunglison.
Ant`ep*i*lep"tic (#), a. [Pref.
anti- + epileptic.] (Med.)
Good against epilepsy. -- n.
A medicine for epilepsy.
An"te*pone (#), v. t. [L.
anteponere.] To put before; to
prefer. [Obs.]
Bailey.
An"te*port (#), n. [Cf. LL.
anteporta.] An outer port, gate, or
door.
An`te*por"ti*co (#), n. An
outer porch or vestibule.
An`te*po*si"tion (#), n. [Cf.
LL. antepositio. See Position.]
(Gram.) The placing of a before another, which,
by ordinary rules, ought to follow it.
An`te*pran"di*al (#), a.
Preceding dinner.
An`te*pre*dic"a*ment (#), n.
(Logic) A prerequisite to a clear understanding
of the predicaments and categories, such as definitions of common
terms.
Chambers.
An*te"ri*or (#), a. [L.
anterior, comp. of ante before.]
1. Before in time; antecedent.
Antigonus, who was anterior to Polybius.
Sir G. C. Lewis.
2. Before, or toward the front, in place; as,
the anterior part of the mouth; -- opposed to
posterior.
anterior often
signifies at or toward the head, cephalic; and in human anatomy
it is often used for ventral.
Syn. -- Antecedent; previous; precedent; preceding; former;
foregoing.
An*te`ri*or"i*ty (#), n. [LL.
anterioritas.] The state of being anterior
or preceding in time or in situation; priority.
Pope.
An*te"ri*or*ly (#), adv. In an
anterior manner; before.
An"te*room (#), n. A room
before, or forming an entrance to, another; a waiting room.
An"te*ro- (#). A combining form meaning
anterior, front; as,
antero-posterior, front and back;
antero-lateral, front side, anterior and at the
side.
An"tes (#), n. pl.
Ant\'91. See Anta.
An`te*stat"ure (#), n.
(Fort.) A small intrenchment or work of
palisades, or of sacks of earth.
An"te*stom`ach (#), n. A cavity
which leads into the stomach, as in birds.
Ray.
An"te*tem`ple (#), n. The
portico, or narthex in an ancient temple or church.
An`te*ver"sion (#), n. [Pref.
ante- + L. vertere, versum, to
turn.] (Med.) A displacement of an organ,
esp. of the uterus, in such manner that its whole axis is
directed further forward than usual.
An`te*vert" (#), v. t. [L.
antevertere; ante + vertere to turn.]
1. To prevent. [Obs.]
Bp. Hall.
2. (Med.) To displace by
anteversion.
Ant*hel"ion (?; 277, 106), n.;
pl. Anthelia (#). [Pref.
anti + Gr. / sun.] (Meteor.) A
halo opposite the sun, consisting of a colored ring or rings
around the shadow of the spectator's own head, as projected on a
cloud or on an opposite fog bank.
<-- p. 63 -->
Ant"he*lix (#), n.
(Anat.) Same as Antihelix.
An"thel*min"tic (#), a. [Pref.
anti- + Gr. /, /, worm, esp. a tapeworm, or
mawworm..] (Med.) Good against intestinal
worms. -- An anthelmintic remedy.
[Written also anthelminthic.]
An"them (#), n. [OE.
antym, antefne, AS. antefen, fr.
LL. antiphona, fr. Gr. /, neut. pl. of / antiphon,
or anthem, n. neut., from / sounding contrary, returning a
sound; / over against + / sound, voice: the anthem being sung
by the choristers alternately, one half-choir answering the
other: cf. OF. anthaine, anteine,
antieune, F. antienne. See
Antiphon.] 1. Formerly, a hymn sung
in alternate parts, in present usage, a selection from the
Psalms, or other parts of the Scriptures or the liturgy, set to
sacred music.
2. A song or hymn of praise.
Milton.
An"them, v. t. To celebrate with
anthems. [Poet.]
Sweet birds antheming the morn.
Keats.
\'d8 An*the"mi*on (#), [ fr. Gr. /
flower.] A floral ornament. See
Palmette.
\'d8An"the*mis (#), n. [Gr.
/, equiv. to / flower; an herb like our chamomile.]
(Bot.) Chamomile; a genus of composite,
herbaceous plants.
An"them*wise` (#), adv.
Alternately. [Obs.]
Bacon.
An"ther (#), n. [F.
anth\'8are, L. anthera a medicine composed
of flowers, fr. Gr. / flowery, fr. / to bloom, /
flower.] (Bot.) That part of the stamen
containing the pollen, or fertilizing dust, which, when mature,
is emitted for the impregnation of the ovary. --
An"ther*al (#),
a.
\'d8An`ther*id"i*um (#), n.;
pl. Anthplwidia (#).
[Anther + / (a Gr. diminutive ending).]
(Bot.) The male reproductive apparatus in the
lower, consisting of a cell or other cavity in which
spermatozoids are produced; -- called also
spermary. --
An`ther*id"i*al (#),
a.
An`ther*if"er*ous (#), a.
[Anther + -ferous.]
(Bot.) (a) Producing anthers, as
plants. (b) Supporting anthers, as a part of
a flower.
Gray.
An*ther"i*form (#), a.
[Anther + -form.] Shaped
like an anther; anther-shaped.
An`ther*og"e*nous (#), a.
[Anther + -genous.]
(Bot.) Transformed from anthers, as the petals of
a double flower.
An"ther*oid (#), a.
[Anther + -oid.] Resembling
an anther.
{ An`ther*o*zoid (#),
An`ther*o*zoo"id (#), } n.
[Gr. / flowery + / animal + -oid. See
Zooid.] (Bot.) One of the mobile
male reproductive bodies in the antheridia of cryptogams.
\'d8An*the"sis (#), n. [Gr. /
bloom, fr. / to bloom, / flower.] (Bot.)
The period or state of full expansion in a flower.
Gray.
Ant"-hill (#), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A mound thrown up by ants or by
termites in forming their nests.
An*tho"bi*an (#), n. [Gr. /
flower + / life.] (Zo\'94l.) A beetle
which feeds on flowers.
\'d8An`tho*bran"chi*a (#), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / flower + / gills, n. pl.]
(Zo\'94l.) A division of nudibranchiate Mollusca,
in which the gills form a wreath or cluster upon the posterior
part of the back. See Nudibranchiata, and
Doris.
An`tho*car"pous (#), a. [Gr.
/ flower + / fruit.] (Bot.) Having some
portion of the floral envelopes attached to the pericarp to form
the fruit, as in the checkerberry, the mulberry, and the
pineapple.
An`tho*cy"a*nin (#), n. Same as
Anthokyan.
\'d8An*tho"di*um (#), n. [NL.,
from Gr. / like flowers, flowery; / flower + / form.]
(Bot.) The inflorescence of a compound flower in
which many florets are gathered into a involucrate head.
An*thog"ra*phy (#), n. [Gr. /
flower + -graphy.] A description of
flowers.
An"thoid (#), a. [Gr. /
flower + -oid.] Resembling a flower;
flowerlike.
An`tho*ky"an (#), n. [Gr. /
flower + / blue.] (Chem.) The blue
coloring matter of certain flowers. Same as
Cyanin.
An"tho*lite (#), n. [Gr. /
flower + -lite.] (Paleon.) A
fossil plant, like a petrified flower.
An`tho*log"ic*al (#), a.
Pertaining to anthology; consisting of beautiful extracts
from different authors, especially the poets.
He published a geographical and anthological
description of all empires and kingdoms . . . in this terrestrial
globe.
Wood.
An*thol"o*gist (#), n. One who
compiles an anthology.
An*thol"o*gy (#), n. [Gr. /,
fr. / flower gathering; / flower + / to gather.]
1. A discourses on flowers. [R.]
2. A collection of flowers; a garland.
[R.]
3. A collection of flowers of literature, that is,
beautiful passages from authors; a collection of poems or
epigrams; -- particularly applied to a collection of ancient
Greek epigrams.
4. (Gr. Ch.) A service book containing a
selection of pieces for the festival services.
An`tho*ma"ni*a (#), n. [Gr. /
flower / madness.] A extravagant fondness for
flowers. [R.]
An"tho*ny's Fire` (#). See Saint
Anthony's Fire, under Saint.
An*thoph"a*gous (#), a. [Gr.
/ flower + / to eat.] (Zo\'94l.) Eating
flowers; -- said of certain insects.
An"tho*phore (#), n. [Gr. /
bearing flowers; / flower + / bearing, / to bear.]
(Bot.) The stipe when developed into an internode
between calyx and corolla, as in the Pink family.
Gray.
An*thoph"o*rous (#), a. Flower
bearing; supporting the flower.
An*thoph"yl*lite (#), n. [NL.
anthophyllum clove.] A mineral of the
hornblende group, of a yellowish gray or clove brown color.
-- An`tho*phyl*lit"ic (#),
a.
An"tho*rism (#), n. [Gr. /;
/ + / to bound, define.] (Rhet.) A
description or definition contrary to that which is given by the
adverse party. [R.]
An"tho*tax`y (#), n. [Gr. /
flower + / order.] (Bot.) The
arrangement of flowers in a cluster; the science of the relative
position of flowers; inflorescence.
\'d8An`tho*zo"a (#), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / flower + / animal.]
(Zo\'94l.) The class of the C\'d2lenterata which
includes the corals and sea anemones. The three principal groups
or orders are Acyonaria, Actinaria, and
Madreporaria.
An`tho*zo"an (#), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to the Anthozoa. --
n. One of the
Anthozoa.
An"tho*zo"ic (#), a. Of or
pertaining to the Anthozoa.
An"thra*cene (#), n. [Gr. /
coal.] (Chem.) A solid hydrocarbon,
C6H4.C2H2.C6H4, which accompanies naphthalene in
the last stages of the distillation of coal tar. Its chief use is
in the artificial production of alizarin. [Written
also anthracin.]<-- tricyclic aromatic
hydrocarbon. -->
An*thrac"ic (#), a. Of or
relating to anthrax; as, anthracic blood.
An`thra*cif"er*ous (#), a. [Gr.
/ coal + -ferous.] (Min.)
Yielding anthracite; as, anthraciferous
strata.
An"thra*cite (#), n. [L.
anthracites a kind of bloodstone; fr. Gr. / like
coals, fr. /, /, coal or charcoal. Cf.
Anthrax.] A hard, compact variety of mineral
coal, of high luster, differing from bituminous coal in
containing little or no bitumen, in consequence of which it burns
with a nearly non luminous flame. The purer specimens consist
almost wholly of carbon. Also called glance coal and
blind coal.
An"thra*cit"ic (#), a. Of,
pertaining to, or like, anthracite; as, anthracitic
formations.
An"thra*coid (#), a.
[Anthrax + -oid.]
(Biol.) Resembling anthrax in action; of the
nature of anthrax; as, an anthracoid
microbe.
An"thra*co*man`cy (#), n. [Gr.
/, /, coal + -mancy.] Divination by
inspecting a burning coal.
An`thra*com"e*ter (#), n. [Gr.
/ coal, carbon + -meter.] An instrument
for measuring the amount of carbonic acid in a mixture.
An`thra*co*met"ric (#), a. Of
or pertaining to an anthracometer.
An*thra"o*nite (#), n. [See
Anthracite.] (Min.) A coal-black
marble, usually emitting a fetid smell when rubbed; -- called
also stinkstone and
swinestone.
An`thra*qui"none (#), n.
[Anthracene + quinone.]
(Chem.) A hydrocarbon,
C6H4.C2O2.C6H4, subliming in shining yellow
needles. It is obtained by oxidation of anthracene.
An"thrax (#), n. [L., fr. Gr.
/ coal, carbuncle.] 1. (Med.)
(a) A carbuncle. (b) A
malignant pustule.
2. (Biol.) A microscopic, bacterial
organism (Bacillus anthracis), resembling transparent
rods. [See Illust. under Bacillus.]
3. An infectious disease of cattle and sheep. It is
ascribed to the presence of a rod-shaped bacterium (Bacillus
anthracis), the spores of which constitute the contagious
matter. It may be transmitted to man by inoculation. The spleen
becomes greatly enlarged and filled with bacteria. Called also
splenic fever.
\'d8An*thre"nus (#), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. / a hornet.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus
of small beetles, several of which, in the larval state, are very
destructive to woolen goods, fur, etc. The common \'bdmuseum
pest\'b8 is A. varius; the carpet beetle is A.
scrophulari\'91. The larv\'91 are commonly confounded with
moths.
{ An*throp"ic (#), An*throp"ic*al
(#), } a. [Gr. /, fr. /
man.] (Zo\'94l.) Like or related to man;
human. [R.]
Owen.
\'d8An*throp"i*d\'91 (#), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / man.] (Zo\'94l.) The
group that includes man only.
An`thro*po*cen"tric (#), a.
[Gr. / man + / center.] Assuming man as the
center or ultimate end; -- applied to theories of the universe or
of any part of it, as the solar system.
Draper.
An`thro*po*gen"ic (#), a. Of or
pertaining to anthropogeny.
An`thro*pog"e*ny (#), n. [Gr.
/ man + / birth.] The science or study of human
generation, or the origin and development of man.
An*throp"o*glot (#), n. [Gr.
/; / man + /, /, tongue.] (Zo\'94l.)
An animal which has a tongue resembling that of man, as the
parrot.
An`thro*pog"ra*phy (#), n. [Gr.
/ man + -graphy.] That branch of
anthropology which treats of the actual distribution of the human
race in its different divisions, as distinguished by physical
character, language, institutions, and customs, in
contradistinction to ethnography, which treats
historically of the origin and filiation of races and
nations.
P. Cyc.
An"thro*poid (#), a. [Gr. /
man + -oid.] Resembling man; -- applied
especially to certain apes, as the ourang or gorilla. --
n. An anthropoid
ape.
An`thro*poid"al (#), a.
Anthropoid.
\'d8An`thro*poid"e*a (#), n. pl.
[NL. See Anthropoid.] (Zo\'94l.)
The suborder of primates which includes the monkeys, apes,
and man.
An`thro*pol"a*try (#), n. [Gr.
/ man + / worship.] Man worship.
An*throp"o*lite (#), n. [Gr.
/ man + -lite.] (Paleon.) A
petrifaction of the human body, or of any portion of it.
{ An`thro*po*log"ic (#),
An`thro*po*log"ic*al (#), } a.
Pertaining to anthropology; belonging to the nature of
man. \'bdAnthropologic wisdom.\'b8
Kingsley. --
An`thro*po*log"ic*al*ly,
adv.
An`thro*pol"o*gist (#), n. One
who is versed in anthropology.
An`thro*pol"o*gy (#), n. [Gr.
/ man + -logy.] 1. The science
of the structure and functions of the human body.
2. The science of man; -- sometimes used in a
limited sense to mean the study of man as an object of natural
history, or as an animal.
3. That manner of expression by which the inspired
writers attribute human parts and passions to God.
An"thro*po*man`cy (#), n. [Gr.
/ man + -mancy.] Divination by the
entrails of human being.
{ An`thro*po*met"ric (#),
An`thro*po*met"ric*al (#), }
a. Pertaining to anthropometry.
An`thro*pom"e*try (#), n. [Gr.
/ man + -mercy.] Measurement of the
height and other dimensions of human beings, especially at
different ages, or in different races, occupations, etc.
Dunglison.
\'d8An`thro*po*mor"pha (#), n. pl.
[NL. See Anthropomorphism.]
(Zo\'94l.) The manlike, or anthropoid,
apes.
An`thro*po*mor"phic (#), a. Of
or pertaining to anthromorphism. Hadley. --
An`thro*po*mor"phic*al*ly (#),
adv.
An`thro*po*mor"phism (#), n.
[Gr. / of human form; / man + / form.]
1. The representation of the Deity, or of a
polytheistic deity, under a human form, or with human attributes
and affections.
2. The ascription of human characteristics to
things not human.
An`thro*po*mor"phist (#), n.
One who attributes the human form or other human attributes
to the Deity or to anything not human.
An`thro*po*mor"phite (#), n.
One who ascribes a human form or human attributes to the
Deity or to a polytheistic deity. Taylor.
Specifically, one of a sect of ancient heretics who believed that
God has a human form, etc. Tillotson.
An`thro*po*mor*phit"ic (#), a.
(Biol.) to anthropomorphism.
Kitto.
An`thro*po*mor"phi*tism (#), n.
Anthropomorphism.
Wordsworth.
An`thro*po*mor"phize (#), v. t. & i.
To attribute a human form or personality to.
You may see imaginative children every day
anthropomorphizing.
Lowell.
An`thro*po*mor*phol"o*gy (#), n.
[Gr. / + -logy. See
Anthropomorphism.] The application to God of
terms descriptive of human beings.
An`thro*po*mor"pho*sis (#), n.
Transformation into the form of a human being.
An`thro*po*mor"phous (#), a.
Having the figure of, or resemblance to, a man; as, an
anthromorphous plant.
\'bdAnthromorphous apes.\'b8
Darwin.
{ An`thro*po*path"ic (#),
An`thro*po*path"ic*al (#), }
a. Of or pertaining to anthropopathy.
[R.] --
An`thro*po*path"ic*al*ly,
adv.
The daring anthropopathic imagery by which the
prophets often represent God as chiding, upbraiding,
threatening.
H. Rogers.
{ An`thro*pop"a*thism (#),
An`thro*pop"a*thy (#), } n.
[Gr. /; / man + / suffering, affection, passion, /,
/, to suffer.] The ascription of human feelings or
passions to God, or to a polytheistic deity.
In its recoil from the gross anthropopathy of the
vulgar notions, it falls into the vacuum of absolute apathy.
Hare.
\'d8An`thro*poph"a*gi (#), n. pl.
[L., fr. Gr. / eating men; / man + + / to eat.]
Man eaters; cannibals.
Shak.
{ An`thro*po*phag"ic (#),
An`thro*po*phag"ic*al (#), }
a. Relating to cannibalism or
anthropophagy.
An`thro*poph`a*gin"i*an (#), n.
One who east human flesh. [Ludicrous]
Shak.
An`thro*poph"a*gite (#), n. A
cannibal.
W. Taylor.
An`thro*poph"a*gous (#), a.
Feeding on human flesh; cannibal.
An`thro*poph"a*gy (#), n. [Gr.
/.] The eating of human flesh; cannibalism.
<-- p. 64 -->
An"thro*poph"u*ism (#), n. [Gr.
/ of man's nature; / a man + / nature.] Human
nature. [R.]
Gladstone.
An`thro*pos"co*py (#), n. [Gr.
/ man + -scopy.] The art of discovering
or judging of a man's character, passions. and inclinations from
a study of his visible features. [R.]
An`thro*pos"o*phy (#), n. [Gr.
/ man + / wisdom, knowledge.] Knowledge of the
nature of man; hence, human wisdom.
An`thro*po*tom"ic*al (#), a.
Pertaining to anthropotomy, or the dissection of human
bodies.
An`thro*pot"o*mist (#), n. One
who is versed in anthropotomy, or human anatomy.
An`thro*pot"o*my (#), n. [Gr.
/ man + / a cutting.] The anatomy or dissection of
the human body; androtomy.
Owen.
Ant`hyp*not"ic (#). See
Antihypnotic.
Ant`hyp*o*chon"dri*ac (#), a. & n.
See Antihypochondriac.
Ant`hys*ter"ic (#), a. & n. See
Antihysteric.
An"ti (#). [Gr. / against. See
Ante.] A prefix meaning against,
opposite or opposed to,
contrary, or in place of; -- used in
composition in many English words. It is often shortened to
ant-; as, antacid,
antarctic.
\'d8An"ti*\'91 (#), n. pl. [L.,
forelock.] (Zo\'94l.) The two projecting
feathered angles of the forehead of some birds; the frontal
points.
An`ti*al*bu"mid (#), n. [Pref.
anti- + -albumin.] (Physiol.
Chem.) A body formed from albumin by pancreatic and
gastric digestion. It is convertible into antipeptone.
An`ti*al"bu*mose` (#), n.
(Physiol.) See Albumose.
An`ti-A*mer"i*can (#), a.
Opposed to the Americans, their aims, or interests, or to
the genius of American institutions.
Marshall.
An`ti*aph`ro*dis"i*ac (#), a. & n.
Same as Antaphrodisiac.
An`ti*ap`o*plec"tic (#), a. & n.
(Med.) Same as Antapoplectic.
An"ti*ar (#), n. [Jav.
antjar.] A Virulent poison prepared in Java
from the gum resin of one species of the upas tree (Antiaris
toxicaria).
An`ti*a*rin (#), n.
(Chem.) A poisonous principle obtained from
antiar.
Watts.
An`ti*asth*mat"ic (#), a. & n.
Same as Antasthmatic.
An`ti*at*tri"tion (#), n.
Anything to prevent the effects of friction, esp. a compound
lubricant for machinery, etc., often consisting of plumbago, with
some greasy material; antifriction grease.
\'d8An`ti*bac*chi"us (#), n.
[L., fr. Gr. / + /. See Bacchius.]
(Pros.) A foot of three syllables, the first two
long, and the last short (#).
An`ti*bil"lous (#), a.
Counteractive of bilious complaints; tending to relieve
biliousness.
An`ti*brach"i*al (#), a.
(Anat.) Of or pertaining to the antibrachium, or
forearm.
\'d8An`ti*brach"i*um (#), n.
[NL.] (Anat.) That part of the fore
limb between the brachium and the carpus; the forearm.
An`ti*bro"mic (#), n. [Pref.
anti- + Gr. / a stink.] An agent that
destroys offensive smells; a deodorizer.
An`ti*burgh"er (#), n. (Eccl.
Hist.) One who seceded from the Burghers (1747),
deeming it improper to take the Burgess oath.
An"tic (#), a. [The same word
as antique; cf. It. antico ancient. See
Antique.] 1. Old; antique.
(Zo\'94l.) \'bdLords of antic
fame.\'b8
Phaer.
2. Odd; fantastic; fanciful; grotesque;
ludicrous.
The antic postures of a merry-andrew.
Addison.
The Saxons . . . worshiped many idols, barbarous in name, some
monstrous, all antic for shape.
Fuller.
An"tic, n. 1. A buffoon or
merry-andrew; one that practices odd gesticulations; the Fool of
the old play.
2. An odd imagery, device, or tracery; a fantastic
figure.
Woven with antics and wild imagery.
Spenser.
3. A grotesque trick; a piece of buffoonery; a
caper.
And fraught with antics as the Indian bird
That writhes and chatters in her wiry cage.
Wordsworth.
4. (Arch.) A grotesque
representation. [Obs.]
5. An antimask. [Obs. or R.]
Performed by knights and ladies of his court
In nature of an antic.
Ford.
An"tic, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Anticked (#),
Antickt.] To make appear like a
buffoon. [Obs.]
Shak.
An"tic, v. i. To perform antics.
An`ti*ca*tarrh`al (#), a.
(Med.) Efficacious against catarrh. --
n. An anticatarrhal remedy.
An`ti*cath"ode (#), n.
(Phys.) The part of a vacuum tube opposite the
cathode. Upon it the cathode rays impinge.
An`ti*cau*sod"ic (#), a. & n.
(Med.) Same as Anticausotic.
An`ti*cau*sot"ic (#), a. [Pref.
anti- + Gr. / fever, / to burn.]
(Med.) Good against an inflammatory fever.
-- n. A remedy for such a
fever.
An"ti*cham`ber, n. [Obs.]
See Antechamber.
An"ti*chlor (#), n. [Pref.
anti- + chlorine.] (Chem.)
Any substance (but especially sodium hyposulphite) used in
removing the excess of chlorine left in paper pulp or stuffs
after bleaching.
An"ti*christ (#), n. [L.
Antichristus, Gr. /; / against + /.]
A denier or opponent of Christ. Specif.: A great antagonist,
person or power, expected to precede Christ's second
coming.
An`ti*chris"tian (?; 106), a.
Opposed to the Christian religion.
{ An`ti*chris"tian*ism (#),
An`ti*chris*tian"i*ty (#), }
n. Opposition or contrariety to the Christian
religion.
An`ti*chris"tian*ly (#), adv.
In an antichristian manner.
An`ti*chron"ic*al (#), a.
Deviating from the proper order of time. --
An`ti*chron"ic*al*ly,
adv.
An*tich"ro*nism (#), n. [Gr.
/; / against + / time.] Deviation from the true
order of time; anachronism. [R.]
Selden.
\'d8An*tich"thon (#), n.; pl.
Antichthones (#). [Gr. /; /
against + / the earth.] 1. A hypothetical
earth counter to ours, or on the opposite side of the sun.
Grote.
2. pl. Inhabitants of opposite
hemispheres.
Whewell.
An*tic"i*pant (#), a. [L.
anticipans, p. pr. of anticipare.]
Anticipating; expectant; -- with of.
Wakening guilt, anticipant of hell.
Southey.
An*tic"i*pate (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Anticipated
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Anticipating
(#).] [L. anticipatus, p. p.
of anticipare to anticipate; ante + capere
to make. See Capable.] 1. To be
before in doing; to do or take before another; to preclude or
prevent by prior action.
To anticipate and prevent the duke's purpose.
R. Hall.
He would probably have died by the hand of the executioner, if
indeed the executioner had not been anticipated by the
populace.
Macaulay.
2. To take up or introduce beforehand, or before
the proper or normal time; to cause to occur earlier or
prematurely; as, the advocate has anticipated a part
of his argument.
3. To foresee (a wish, command, etc.) and do
beforehand that which will be desired.
4. To foretaste or foresee; to have a previous view
or impression of; as, to anticipate the pleasures of
a visit; to anticipate the evils of life.
Syn. -- To prevent; obviate; preclude; forestall;
expect. -- To Anticipate, Expect.
These words, as here compared, agree in regarding some future
event as about to take place. Expect is the stringer.
It supposes some ground or reason in the mind for considering the
event as likely to happen. Anticipate is, literally,
to take beforehand, and here denotes simply to take
into the mind as conception of the future. Hence, to say, \'bdI
did not anticipate a refusal,\'b8 expresses something
less definite and strong than to say, \'bd did not
expect it.\'b8 Still, anticipate is a convenient
word to be interchanged with expect in cases where the
thought will allow.
Good with bad
Expect to hear; supernal grace contending
With sinfulness of men.
Milton.
I would not anticipate the relish of any happiness,
nor feel the weight of any misery, before it actually
arrives.
Spectator.
Timid men were anticipating another civil war.
Macaulay.
An*tic`i*pa"tion (#), n. [L.
anticipatio: cf. F. anticipation.]
1. The act of anticipating, taking up, placing, or
considering something beforehand, or before the proper time in
natural order.
So shall my anticipation prevent your
discovery.
Shak.
2. Previous view or impression of what is to
happen; instinctive prevision; foretaste; antepast; as, the
anticipation of the joys of heaven.
The happy anticipation of renewed existence in
company with the spirits of the just.
Thodey.
3. Hasty notion; intuitive preconception.
Many men give themselves up to the first
anticipations of their minds.
Locke.
4. (Mus.) The commencing of one or more
tones of a chord with or during the chord preceding, forming a
momentary discord.
Syn. -- Preoccupation; preclusion; foretaste; prelibation;
antepast; pregustation; preconception; expectation; foresight;
forethought.
An*tic"i*pa*tive (#), a.
Anticipating, or containing anticipation.
\'bdAnticipative of the feast to come.\'b8
Cary. -- An*tic"i*pa*tive*ly,
adv.
An*tic"i*pa`tor (#), n. One who
anticipates.
An*tic"i*pa*to*ry (#), a.
Forecasting; of the nature of anticipation.
Owen.
Here is an anticipatory glance of what was to
be.
J. C. Shairp.
An`ti*civ"ic (#), n. Opposed to
citizenship.
An`ti*civ"ism (#), n.
Opposition to the body politic of citizens.
[Obs.]
Carlyle.
An`ti*clas"tic (#), a. [Pref.
anti- = Gr. / to break.] Having to
opposite curvatures, that is, curved longitudinally in one
direction and transversely in the opposite direction, as the
surface of a saddle.
An`ti*cli"max (#), n.
(Rhet.) A sentence in which the ideas fall, or
become less important and striking, at the close; -- the opposite
of climax. It produces a ridiculous effect.
Example:
Next comes Dalhousie, the great god of war,
Lieutenant-colonel to the Earl // Mar.
An`ti*cli"nal (#), a. [Pref.
anti- + Gr. / to incline.] Inclining or
dipping in opposite directions. See Synclinal.
Anticlinal line, Anticlinal
axis (Geol.), a line from which
strata dip in opposite directions, as from the ridge of a
roof. -- Anticlinal vertebra (Anat.),
one of the dorsal vertebr\'91, which in many animals has an
upright spine toward which the spines of the neighboring
vertebr\'91 are inclined.
An`ti*cli"nal, n. (Geol.) The
crest or line in which strata slope or dip in opposite
directions.
\'d8An`ti*cli*no"ri*um (#), n.;
pl. Anticlinoria (#). [NL.,
fr. Gr. / against + / to incline + / mountain.]
(Geol.) The upward elevation of the crust of the
earth, resulting from a geanticlinal.
An"tic*ly (#), adv. Oddly;
grotesquely.
An"tic-mask` (#), n. An
antimask.
B. Jonson.
An"tic*ness, n. The quality of being
antic.
Ford.
An`ti*con`sti*tu"tion*al (#), a.
Opposed to the constitution; unconstitutional.
An`ti*con*ta"gious (#), a.
(Med.) Opposing or destroying contagion.
An`ti*con*vul"sive (#), a.
(Med.) Good against convulsions.
J. Floyer.
An"ti*cor (#), n. [Pref.
anti- + L. cor heart; cf. F.
antic/ur.] (Far.) A dangerous
inflammatory swelling of a horse's breast, just opposite the
heart.
An*ti"cous (#), a. [L.
anticus in front, foremost, fr. ante
before.] (Bot.) Facing toward the axis of
the flower, as in the introrse anthers of the water lily.
An"ti*cy`clone (#), n.
(Meteorol.) A movement of the atmosphere opposite
in character, as regards direction of the wind and distribution
of barometric pressure, to that of a cyclone. --
An`ti*cy*clon"ic (#), a.
-- An`ti*cy*clon"ic*al*ly (#),
adv.
An"ti*do`tal (#)(#) a. Having
the quality an antidote; fitted to counteract the effects of
poison. Sir T. Browne. --
An"ti*do`tal*ly, adv.
An"ti*do`ta*ry (#), a.
Antidotal. -- n. Antidote;
also, a book of antidotes.
An"ti*dote (#), n. [L.
antidotum, Gr. / (sc. /), fr. / given against;
/ against + / to give: cf. F. antidote. See
Dose, n.] 1. A remedy to
counteract the effects of poison, or of anything noxious taken
into the stomach; -- used with against,
for, or to; as, an antidote
against, for, or to, poison.
2. Whatever tends to prevent mischievous effects,
or to counteract evil which something else might produce.
An"ti*dote, v. t. 1. To
counteract or prevent the effects of, by giving or taking an
antidote.
Nor could Alexander himself . . . antidote . . .
the poisonous draught, when it had once got into his veins.
South.
2. To fortify or preserve by an antidote.
An`ti*dot"ic*al (#), a. Serving
as an antidote. -- An`ti*dot"ic*al*ly,
adv.
An*tid"ro*mous (#), a. [Pref.
anti- + Gr. / a running.] (Bot.)
Changing the direction in the spiral sequence of leaves on a
stem.
An`ti*dys`en*ter"ic (#), a.
(Med.) Good against dysentery. --
n. A medicine for dysentery.
An`ti*e*met"ic (#), a. / n.
(Med.) Same as Antemetic.
An`ti*eph`i*al"tic (#), a. & n.
(Med.) Same as Antephialtic.
An`ti*ep`i*lep"tic (#), a. & n.
(Med.) Same as Antepileptic.
An`ti*fe"brile (#), a. & n.
(Med.) Febrifuge.
An`ti*feb"rine (#), n.
(Med.) Acetanilide.
An`ti-fed"er*al*ist (#), n. One
of party opposed to a federative government; -- applied
particularly to the party which opposed the adoption of the
constitution of the United States.
Pickering.
An`ti*fric"tion (#), n.
Something to lesse/ friction; antiattrition. --
a. Tending to lessen friction.
An`ti*ga*las"tic (#), a. [Pref.
anti- + Gr. /, /, milk.] Causing a
diminution or a suppression of the secretion of milk.
An`ti-Gal"li*can (#), a.
Opposed to what is Gallic or French.
An"ti*graph (#), n. [Gr. / a
transcribing: cf. F. antigraphe.] A copy or
transcript.
An`ti*gug"gler (#) n. [Pref.
anti- + guggle or gurgle.]
A crooked tube of metal, to be introduced into the neck of a
bottle for drawing out the liquid without disturbing the sediment
or causing a gurgling noise.
An`ti*he"lix (#), n.
(Anat.) The curved elevation of the cartilage of
the ear, within or in front of the helix. See Ear.
An`ti*hem`or*rhag"ic (#), a.
(Med.) Tending to stop hemorrhage. --
n. A remedy for hemorrhage.
An`ti*hy`dro*phob"ic (#), a.
(Med.) Counteracting or preventing
hydrophobia. -- n. A remedy for
hydrophobia.
An`ti*hy*drop"ic (#), a.
(Med.) Good against dropsy. --
n. A remedy for dropsy.
An`ti*hyp*not"ic (#), a.
(Med.) Tending to prevent sleep. --
n. An antihypnotic agent.
An`ti*hyp`o*chon"dri*ac (#), a.
(Med.) Counteractive of hypochondria. --
n. A remedy for hypochondria.
An`ti*hys*ter"ic (#), a.
(Med.) Counteracting hysteria. --
n. A remedy for hysteria.
An`ti*ic*ter"ic (#), a.
(Med.) Good against jaundice. --
n. A remedy for jaundice.
\'d8An`ti*le*gom"e*na (#), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / against + / to speak; part. pass.
/.] (Eccl.) Certain books of the New
Testament which were for a time not universally received, but
which are now considered canonical. These are the Epistle to the
Hebrews, the Epistles of James and Jude, the second Epistle of
Peter, the second and third Epistles of John, and the Revelation.
The undisputed books are called the
Homologoumena.
An`ti*li*bra"tion (#), n. A
balancing; equipoise. [R.]
De Quincey.
An`ti*lith"ic (#), a.
(Med.) Tending to prevent the formation of
urinary calculi, or to destroy them when formed. --
n. An antilithic medicine.
An`ti*log"a*rithm (#), n.
(Math.) The number corresponding to a logarithm.
The word has been sometimes, though rarely, used to denote the
complement of a given logarithm; also the logarithmic cosine
corresponding to a given logarithmic sine. --
An`ti*log`a*rith"mic (#),
a.
An*til"o*gous (#), a. Of the
contrary name or character; -- opposed to
analogous.
Antilogous pole (Eccl.), that pole
of a crystal which becomes negatively electrified when
heated.
An*til"o*gy (#), n.; pl.
Antilogies (#). [Gr. /, fr. /
contradictory; / against + / to speak.] A
contradiction between any words or passages in an author.
Sir W. Hamilton.
<-- p. 65 -->
An`ti*loi"mic (#), n.
(Med.) A remedy against the plague.
Brande & C.
An*til"o*pine (#), a. Of or
relating to the antelope.
An*til"o*quist (#), n. A
contradicter. [Obs.]
An*til"o*quy (#), n. [Pref.
anti- + L. loqui to speak.]
Contradiction. [Obs.]
An`ti*lys"sic (#), a. & n.
[Pref. anti- + Gr. / rage, madness.]
(Med.) Antihydrophobic.
An`ti*ma*cas"sar (#), n. A
cover for the back or arms of a chair or sofa, etc., to prevent
them from being soiled by macassar or other oil from the
hair.
An`ti*ma*gis"tric*al (#), a.
[Pref. anti- + magistrical for
magistratical.] Opposed to the office or
authority of magistrates. [Obs.]
South.
An`ti*ma*la"ri*al (#), a. Good
against malaria.
An"ti*mask` (#), n. A secondary
mask, or grotesque interlude, between the parts of a serious
mask. [Written also anue.]
Bacon.
An`ti*ma"son (#), n. One
opposed to Freemasonry. --
An`ti*ma*son"ic (#),
a.
An`ti*ma"son*ry (#), n.
Opposition to Freemasonry.
An`ti*me*phit"ic (#), a.
(Med.) Good against mephitic or deletplwious
gases. -- n. A remedy against mephitic
gases.
Dunglison.
An"ti*mplwe (#), n. [.
anti- + -mere.] (Biol.)
One of the two halves of bilaterally symmetrical animals;
one of any opposite symmetrical or homotypic parts in animals and
plants.
\'d8An`ti*me*tab"o*le (#), n.
[L., fr. Gr. /.] (Rhet.) A figure in
which the same words or ideas are repeated in transposed
order.
\'d8An`ti*me*tath"e*sis (#), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. /.] (Rhet.) An
antithesis in which the members are repeated in inverse
order.
An*tim"e*ter (#), n. [Gr. /
like + / measure.] A modification of the quadrant,
for measuring small angles. [Obs.]
{ An`ti*mo*nar"chic (#),
An`ti*mo*nar"chic*al (#), } Opposed
to monarchial government.
Bp. Benson. Addison.
An`ti*mon"arch*ist (#), n. An
enemy to monarchial government.
An`ti*mo"nate (#), n.
(Chem.) A compound of antimonic acid with a base
or basic radical. [Written also
antimoniate.]
An`ti*mo"ni*al (#), a. Of or
pertaining to antimony. -- n. (Med.)
A preparation or medicine containing antimony.
Antimonial powder, a consisting of one part
oxide of antimony and two parts phosphate of calcium; -- also
called James's powder.
An`ti*mo"ni*a`ted (#), a.
Combined or prepared with antimony; as,
antimoniated tartar.
An`ti*mon"ic (#), a.
(Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, antimony;
-- said of those compounds of antimony in which this element has
its highest equivalence; as, antimonic
acid.
An`ti*mo"ni*ous (#), a.
(Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, antimony;
-- said of those compounds of antimony in which this element has
an equivalence next lower than the highest; as,
antimonious acid.
An"ti*mo*nite` (#), n. 1.
(Chem.) A compound of antimonious acid and a base
or basic radical.
2. (Min.) Stibnite.
An`ti*mo"ni*u*ret`ed (#), a.
(Chem.) Combined with or containing antimony;
as, antimoniureted hydrogen.
[Written also antimoniuretted.]
An"ti*mo*ny (?; 112), n. [LL.
antimonium, of unknown origin.]
(Chem.) An elementary substance, resembling a
metal in its appearance and physical properties, but in its
chemical relations belonging to the class of nonmetallic
substances. Atomic weight, 120. Symbol, Sb.
gray ore of
antimony, or stibnite (the stibium of
the Romans, and the / of the Greeks, a sulphide of antimony,
from which most of the antimony of commerce is obtained.
Cervantite, senarmontite, and
valentinite are native oxides of antimony.
An`ti*na"tion*al (#), a.
Antagonistic to one's country or nation, or to a national
government.
An`ti*ne*phrit"ic (#), a.
(Med.) Counteracting, or deemed of use in,
diseases of the kidneys. -- n. An
antinephritic remedy.
An`ti*no"mi*an (#), a. [See
Antimony.] Of or pertaining to the
Antinomians; opposed to the doctrine that the moral law is
obligatory.
An`ti*no"mi*an, n. (Eccl. Hist.)
One who maintains that, under the gospel dispensation, the
moral law is of no use or obligation, but that faith alone is
necessary to salvation. The sect of Antinomians originated with
John Agricola, in Germany, about the year 1535.
Mosheim.
An`ti*no"mi*an*ism (#), n. The
tenets or practice of Antinomians.
South.
An*tin"o*mist (#), n. An
Antinomian. [R.]
Bp. Sanderson.
An*tin"o*my (?; 277), n.; pl.
Antinomies (#). [L.
antinomia, Gr. /; / against + / law.]
1. Opposition of one law or rule to another law or
rule.
Different commentators have deduced from it the very opposite
doctrines. In some instances this apparent antinomy is
doubtful.
De Quincey.
2. An opposing law or rule of any kind.
As it were by his own antinomy, or
counterstatute.
Milton.
3. (Metaph.) A contradiction or
incompatibility of thought or language; -- in the Kantian
philosophy, such a contradiction as arises from the attempt to
apply to the ideas of the reason, relations or attributes which
are appropriate only to the facts or the concepts of
experience.
An`ti*o"chi*an (#), a. 1.
Pertaining to Antiochus, a contemporary with Cicero, and the
founder of a sect of philosophers.
2. Of or pertaining to the city of Antioch, in
Syria.
Antiochian epoch (Chron.), a method
of computing time, from the proclamation of liberty granted to
the city of Antioch, about the time of the battle of Pharsalia,
B.C. 48.
An`ti*o`don*tal"gic (#), a.
(Med.) Efficacious in curing toothache. --
n. A remedy for toothache.
An`ti*or*gas"tic (#), a. [Pref.
anti- + Gr. / to swell, as with lust.]
(Med.) Tending to allay venereal excitement or
desire; sedative.
An`ti*pa"pal (#), a. Opposed to
the pope or to popery.
Milton.
An`ti*par"al*lel (#), a.
Running in a contrary direction.
Hammond.
An`ti*par"al*lels (#), n. pl.
(Geom.) Straight lines or planes which make
angles in some respect opposite in character to those made by
parallel lines or planes.
An`ti*par`a*lyt"ic (#), a.
(Med.) Good against paralysis. --
n. A medicine for paralysis.
An`ti*par`a*lyt"ic*al (#), a.
Antiparalytic.
{ An`ti*pa*thet"ic (#),
An`ti*pa*thet"ic*al (#), } a.
Having a natural contrariety, or constitutional aversion, to
a thing; characterized by antipathy; -- often followed by
to.
Fuller.
An`ti*path"ic (#), a. [NL.
antipathicus, Gr. / of opposite feelings.]
(Med.) Belonging to antipathy; opposite;
contrary; allopathic.
An*tip"a*thist (#), n. One who
has an antipathy. [R.]
\'bdAntipathist of light.\'b8
Coleridge.
An*tip"a*thize (#), v. i. To
feel or show antipathy. [R.]
An*tip"a*thous (#), a. Having a
natural contrariety; adverse; antipathetic.
[Obs.]
Beau. & Fl.
An*tip"a*thy (#), n.; pl.
Antipathies (#). [L.
antipathia, Gr. /; / against + / to suffer. Cf.
F. antipathie. See Pathos.] 1.
Contrariety or opposition in feeling; settled aversion or
dislike; repugnance; distaste.
Inveterate antipathies against particular nations,
and passionate attachments to others, are to be avoided.
Washington.
2. Natural contrariety; incompatibility; repugnancy of
qualities; as, oil and water have
antipathy.
A habit is generated of thinking that a natural
antipathy exists between hope and reason.
I. Taylor.
Any is opposed to sympathy. It
is followed by to, against, or
between; also sometimes by for.
Syn. -- Hatred; aversion; dislike; disgust; distaste;
enmity; ill will; repugnance; contrariety; opposition. See
Dislike.
An`ti*pep"tone (#),
n. (Physiol. Chem.) A product of
gastric and pancreatic digestion, differing from hemipeptone in
not being decomposed by the continued action of pancreatic
juice.
An`ti*pe`ri*od"ic (#), n.
(Med.) A remedy possessing the property of
preventing the return of periodic paroxysms, or exacerbations, of
disease, as in intermittent fevers.
An`ti*per`i*stal"tic (#), a.
(Med.) Opposed to, or checking motion; acting
upward; -- applied to an inverted action of the intestinal
tube.
\'d8An`ti*pe*ris"ta*sis (#), n.
[Gr. /; / against + / a standing around, fr. / to
stand around; / around + / to stand.] Opposition
by which the quality opposed asquires strength; resistance or
reaction roused by opposition or by the action of an opposite
principle or quality.
An`ti*per`i*stat"ic (#), a.
Pertaining to antiperistasis.
An`ti*pet"al*ous (#), a. [Pref.
anti- + petal.] (Bot.)
Standing before a petal, as a stamen.
An`ti*phar"mic (#), a. [Pref.
anti- + Gr. / poison.] (Med.)
Antidotal; alexipharmic.
An`ti*phlo*gis"tian (#), n. An
opposer of the theory of phlogiston.
An`ti*phlo*gis"tic (#), a.
1. (Chem.) Opposed to the doctrine of
phlogiston.
2. (Med.) Counteracting
inflammation.
An`ti*phlo*gis"tic, n. (Med.)
Any medicine or diet which tends to check
inflammation.
Coxe.
An"ti*phon (#), n. [LL.
antiphona, fr. Gr. /. See Anthem.]
1. A musical response; alternate singing or
chanting. See Antiphony, and Antiphone.
2. A verse said before and after the psalms.
Shipley.
An*tiph"o*nal (#), a. Of or
pertaining to antiphony, or alternate singing; sung alternately
by a divided choir or opposite choirs. Wheatly.
-- An*tiph"o*nal*ly,
adv.
An*tiph"o*nal, n. A book of antiphons or
anthems.
An*tiph"o*na*ry (#), n. [LL.
antiphonarium. See Antiphoner.] A
book containing a collection of antiphons; the book in which the
antiphons of the breviary, with their musical notes, are
contained.
An"ti*phone (#), n.
(Mus.) The response which one side of the choir
makes to the other in a chant; alternate chanting or
signing.
An*tiph"o*ner (#), n. [F.
antiphonaire. See Antiphon.] A
book of antiphons.
Chaucer.
An`ti*phon"ic (#), a.
Antiphonal.
An*tiph"o*ny (#), n.; pl.
Antiphonies (#). [See
Antiphon.] 1. A musical response;
also, antiphonal chanting or signing.
2. An anthem or psalm sung alternately by a choir
or congregation divided into two parts. Also figuratively.
O! never more for me shall winds intone,
With all your tops, a vast antiphony.
R. Browning.
\'d8An*tiph"ra*sis (#), n. [L.,
fr. Gr. /, fr. / to express by antithesis or negation.]
(Rhet.) The use of words in a sense opposite to
their proper meaning; as when a court of justice is called a
court of vengeance.
{ An`ti*phras"tic (#),
An`ti*phras"tic*al (#), } a.
[Gr. /.] Pertaining to antiphrasis. --
An`ti*phras"tic*al*ly,
adv.
An`ti*phthis"ic (#), a.
(Med.) Relieving or curing phthisis, or
consumption. -- n. A medicine for
phthisis.
An`ti*phys"ic*al (#), a. [Pref.
anti- + physical.] Contrary to
nature; unnatural.
An`ti*phys"ic*al, a. [Pref.
anti- + Gr. / to inflate.] (Med.)
Relieving flatulence; carminative.
An`ti*plas"tic (#), a. 1.
Diminishing plasticity.
2. (Med.) Preventing or checking the
process of healing, or granulation.
An`ti*po*dag"ric (#), a.
(Med.) Good against gout. --
n. A medicine for gout.
An*tip"o*dal (#), a. 1.
Pertaining to the antipodes; situated on the opposite side
of the globe.
2. Diametrically opposite. His antipodal
shadow.\'b8
Lowell.
An"ti*pode (#), n. One of the
antipodes; anything exactly opposite.
In tale or history your beggar is ever the just
antipode to your king.
Lamb.
antipode, is exceptional in
formation, but has been used by good writers. Its regular English
plural would be , the
last syllable rhyming with abodes, and this
pronunciation is sometimes heard. The plural form (originally a
Latin word without a singular) is in common use, and is
pronounced, after the English method of Latin,
.
An`ti*po"de*an (#), a.
Pertaining to the antipodes, or the opposite side of the
world; antipodal.
An*tip"o*des (#), n. [L. pl.,
fr. Gr. / with the feet opposite, pl. / /; / against +
/, /, foot.] 1. Those who live on the
side of the globe diametrically opposite.
2. The country of those who live on the opposite
side of the globe.
Latham.
3. Anything exactly opposite or contrary.
Can there be a greater contrariety unto Christ's judgment, a
more perfect antipodes to all that hath hitherto been
gospel?
Hammond.
An"ti*pole (#), n. The opposite
pole; anything diametrically opposed.
Geo. Eliot.
An"ti*pope (#), n. One who is
elected, or claims to be, pope in opposition to the pope
canonically chosen; esp. applied to those popes who resided at
Avignon during the Great Schism.
An`tip*sor"ic (#), a.
(Med.) Of use in curing the itch. --
n. An antipsoric remedy.
\'d8An`tip*to"sis (#), n. [L.,
fr. Gr. /; / against + / a falling, a case, / to
fall.] (Gram.) The putting of one case for
another.
{ An`ti*pu`tre*fac"tive (#),
An`ti*pu*tres"cent (#), } a.
Counteracting, or preserving from, putrefaction;
antiseptic.
An`ti*py"ic (#), a. [Pref.
anti- + Gr. /, /, pus.] (Med.)
Checking or preventing suppuration. --
n. An antipyic medicine.
\'d8An`ti*py*re"sis (#), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. / against + / to be feverish, fr. /
fire.] (Med.) The condition or state of
being free from fever.
An`ti*py*ret"ic (#), a.
(Med.) Efficacious in preventing or allaying
fever. -- n. A
febrifuge.
An`ti*py"rine (#), n.
(Med.) An artificial alkaloid, believed to be
efficient in abating fever.
An`ti*py*rot"ic (#), a.
(Med.) Good against burns or pyrosis. --
n. Anything of use in preventing or
healing burns or pyrosis.
An`ti*qua"ri*an (#), a. [See
Antiquary]. Pertaining to antiquaries, or to
antiquity; as, antiquarian literature.
An`ti*qua"ri*an, n. 1. An
antiquary.
2. A drawing paper of large size. See under
Paper, n.
An`ti*qua"ri*an*ism (#), n.
Character of an antiquary; study or love of
antiquities.
Warburton.
An`ti*qua"ri*an*ize (#), v. i.
To act the part of an antiquary.
[Colloq.]
An"ti*qua*ry (#), a. [L.
antiquarius, fr. antiquus ancient. See
Antique.] Pertaining to antiquity.
[R.] \'bdInstructed by the antiquary
times.\'b8
Shak.
An"ti*qua*ry, n.; pl.
Antiquaries (#). One devoted to
the study of ancient times through their relics, as inscriptions,
monuments, remains of ancient habitations, statues, coins,
manuscripts, etc.; one who searches for and studies the relics of
antiquity.
An"ti*quate (#), v. t. [L.
antiquatus, p. p. of antiquare, fr.
antiquus ancient.] To make old, or
obsolete; to make antique; to make old in such a degree as to put
out of use; hence, to make void, or abrogate.
Christianity might reasonably introduce new laws, and
antiquate or abrogate old one.
Sir M. Hale.
An"ti*qua`ted (#), a. Grown
old. Hence: Bygone; obsolete; out of use; old-fashioned; as,
an antiquated law. \'bdAntiquated
words.\'b8
Dryden.
Old Janet, for so he understood his antiquated
attendant was denominated.
Sir W. Scott.
Syn. -- Ancient; old; antique; obsolete. See
Ancient.
An"ti*qua`ted*ness, n. Quality of being
antiquated.
An"ti*quate*ness (#), n.
Antiquatedness. [Obs.]
An`ti*qua"tion (#), n. [L.
antiquatio, fr. antiquare.] The
act of making antiquated, or the state of being antiquated.
Beaumont.
An*tique" (#), a. [F., fr. L.
antiquus old, ancient, equiv. to anticus,
from ante before. Cf. Antic.]
1. Old; ancient; of genuine antiquity; as, an
antique statue. In this sense it usually refers to
the flourishing ages of Greece and Rome.
For the antique world excess and pride did
hate.
Spenser.
<-- p. 66 -->
2. Old, as respects the present age, or a modern
period of time; of old fashion; antiquated; as, an
antique robe. \'bdAntique
words.\'b8
Spenser.
3. Made in imitation of antiquity; as, the
antique style of Thomson's \'bdCastle of
Indolence.\'b8
4. Odd; fantastic. [In this sense,
written antic.]
Syn. -- Ancient; antiquated; obsolete; antic; old-fashioned;
old. See Ancient.
An*tique" (#), n. [F. See
Antique, a. ] In general, anything
very old; but in a more limited sense, a relic or object of
ancient art; collectively, the antique, the remains of
ancient art, as busts, statues, paintings, and vases.
Misshapen monuments and maimed antiques.
Byron.
An*tique"ly, adv. In an antique
manner.
An*tique"ness, n. The quality of being
antique; an appearance of ancient origin and workmanship.
We may discover something venerable in the
antiqueness of the work.
Addison.
An"ti*quist (#), n. An
antiquary; a collector of antiques. [R.]
Pinkerton.
An*tiq`ui*ta"ri*an (#), n. An
admirer of antiquity. [Used by Milton in a disparaging
sense.] [Obs.]
An*tiq"ui*ty (#), n.; pl.
Antiquities (#). [L.
antiquitas, fr. antiquus: cf. F.
antiquit\'82. See Antique.] 1.
The quality of being ancient; ancientness; great age;
as, a statue of remarkable antiquity; a family of
great antiquity.
2. Old age. [Obs.]
It not your voice broken? . . . and every part about you
blasted with antiquity?
Shak.
3. Ancient times; former ages; times long since
past; as, Cicero was an eloquent orator of
antiquity.
4. The ancients; the people of ancient times.
That such pillars were raised by Seth all antiquity
has /vowed.
Sir W. Raleigh.
5. An old gentleman. [Obs.]
You are a shrewd antiquity, neighbor Clench.
B. Jonson.
6. A relic or monument of ancient times; as, a
coin, a statue, etc. ; an ancient institution. [In
this sense, usually in the plural.] \'bdHeathen
antiquities.\'b8
Bacon.
An`ti*ra*chit"ic (#), a.
(Med.) Good against the rickets.
An`ti*rent"er (#), n. One
opposed to the payment of rent; esp. one of those who in 1840-47
resisted the collection of rents claimed by the patroons from the
settlers on certain manorial lands in the State of New
York. -- An`ti*rent"ism (#),
n.
An`ti*sab`ba*ta"ri*an (#), n.
(Eccl.) One of a sect which opposes the
observance of the Christian Sabbath.
An`ti*sac`er*do"tal (#), a.
Hostile to priests or the priesthood.
Waterland.
{ An*tis"cians (#),
\'d8An*tis"ci*i (#), } n. pl.
[L. antiscii, Gr. /, pl.; / against + /
shadow.] The inhabitants of the earth, living on
different sides of the equator, whose shadows at noon are cast in
opposite directions.
The inhabitants of the north and south temperate zones are
always Antiscians.
Brande & C.
{ An`ti*sco*let"ic (#),
An`ti*scol"ic (#), } a.
[Pref. anti- + Gr. / a worm.]
(Med.) Anthelmintic.
An`ti*scor*bu"tic (#), a.
(Med.) Counteracting scurvy. --
n. A remedy for scurvy.
An`ti*scor*bu"tic*al (#), a.
(Med.) Antiscorbutic.
An`ti*scrip"tur*al (#), a.
Opposed to, or not in accordance with, the Holy
Scriptures.
An`ti*sep"al*ous (#), a. [Pref.
anti- + sepal.] (Bot.)
Standing before a sepal, or calyx leaf.
{ An`ti*sep"tic (#),
An`ti*sep"tic*al (#), } a.
Counteracting or preventing putrefaction, or a putrescent
tendency in the system; antiputrefactive.
Antiseptic surgery, that system of surgical
practice which insists upon a systematic use of antiseptics in
the performance of operations and the dressing of
wounds.
An`ti*sep"tic, n. A substance which
prevents or retards putrefaction, or destroys, or protects from,
putrefactive organisms; as, salt, carbolic acid, alcohol,
cinchona.
An`ti*sep"tic*al*ly (#), adv.
By means of antiseptics.
An`ti*slav"er*y (#), a. Opposed
to slavery. -- n. Opposition to
slavery.
An`ti*so"cial (#), a. Tending
to interrupt or destroy social intercourse; averse to society, or
hostile to its existence; as, antisocial
principles.
An`ti*so"cial*ist, n. One opposed to the
doctrines and practices of socialists or socialism.
An`ti*so"lar (#), a. Opposite
to the sun; -- said of the point in the heavens 180
An`ti*spas*mod"ic (#), a.
(Med.) Good against spasms. --
n. A medicine which prevents or allays
spasms or convulsions.
An"ti*spast (#), n. [L.
antispastus, Gr. /, fr. / to draw the contrary
way; / against + / to draw.] (Pros.) A
foot of four syllables, the first and fourth short, and the
second and third long (#).
An`ti*spas"tic (#), a. [Gr.
/. See Antispast.] (Med.)
(a) Believed to cause a revulsion of fluids or of
humors from one part to another. [Obs.]
(b) Counteracting spasms; antispasmodic. --
n. An antispastic agent.
An`ti*splen"e*tic (/; see Splenetic,
277), a. Good as a remedy against disease of
the spleen. -- n. An antisplenetic
medicine.
\'d8An*tis"tro*phe (#), n. [L.,
fr. Gr. /, fr. / to turn to the opposite side; / against +
/ to turn. See Strophe.] 1. In
Greek choruses and dances, the returning of the chorus, exactly
answering to a previous strophe or movement from right
to left. Hence: The lines of this part of the choral song.
It was customary, on some occasions, to dance round the altars
whilst they sang the sacred hymns, which consisted of three
stanzas or parts; the first of which, called strophe, was sung in
turning from east to west; the other, named
antistrophe, in returning from west to east; then they
stood before the altar, and sang the epode, which was the last
part of the song.
Abp. Potter.
2. (Rhet.) (a) The repetition
of words in an inverse order; as, the master of the servant
and the servant of the master. (b) The
retort or turning of an adversary's plea against him.
An`ti*stroph"ic (#), a. [Gr.
/.] Of or pertaining to an antistrophe.
\'d8An*tis"tro*phon (#), n.
[Gr. / turned opposite ways.] (Rhet.)
An argument retorted on an opponent.
Milton.
An`ti*stru"mat"ic (#), a.
(Med.) Antistrumous. --
n. A medicine for scrofula.
An`ti*stru"mous (#), a.
(Med.) Good against scrofulous disorders.
Johnson. Wiseman.
An`ti*syph`i*lit"ic (#), a.
(Med.) Efficacious against syphilis. --
n. A medicine for syphilis.
An`ti*the"ism (#), n. The
doctrine of antitheists. --
An`ti*the*is"tic (#),
a.
An`ti*the"ist, n. A disbeliever in the
existence of God.
An*tith"e*sis (#), n.; pl.
Antitheses. (#) [L., fr. Gr. /,
fr. / to set against, to oppose; / against + / to set. See
Thesis.] 1. (Rhet.) An
opposition or contrast of words or sentiments occurring in the
same sentence; as, \'bdThe prodigal robs his heir; the
miser robs himself.\'b8 \'bdHe had covertly
shot at Cromwell; he how openly aimed at the
Queen.\'b8
2. The second of two clauses forming an
antithesis.
3. Opposition; contrast.
An"ti*thet (#), n. [L.
antitheton, fr. Gr. /, /, antithetic.]
An antithetic or contrasted statement.
Bacon.
{ An`ti*thet"ic (#),
An`ti*thet"ic*al (#), } a.
[Gr. /.] Pertaining to antithesis, or
opposition of words and sentiments; containing, or of the nature
of, antithesis; contrasted.
An`ti*thet"ic*al*ly, adv. By way
antithesis.
{ An`ti*tox"in, An`ti*tox"ine }
(#), n. [Pref. anti- +
toxin.] A substance (sometimes the product
of a specific micro-organism and sometimes naturally present in
the blood or tissues of an animal), capable of producing immunity
from certain diseases, or of counteracting the poisonous effects
of pathogenic bacteria.
An"ti-trade` (#), n. A tropical
wind blowing steadily in a direction opposite to the trade
wind.
\'d8An*tit"ra*gus (#), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. /.] (Anat.) A prominence on the
lower posterior portion of the concha of the external ear,
opposite the tragus. See Ear.
\'d8An`ti*tro*chan"ter (#), n.
(Anat.) An articular surface on the ilium of
birds against which the great trochanter of the femur
plays.
{ An*tit"ro*pal (#),
An*tit"ro*pous (#), } a.
[Pref. anti- + Gr. / turn, / to turn.]
(Bot.) At the extremity most remote from the
hilum, as the embryo, or inverted with respect to the seed, as
the radicle.
Lindley.
An"ti*ty`pal (#), a.
Antitypical. [R.]
An"ti*type (#), n. [Gr. / of
corresponding form; / against + / type, figure. See
Type.] That of which the type pattern or
representation; that which is represented by the type or
symbol.
An`ti*typ"ic*al (#), a. Of or
pertaining to an antitype; explaining the type. --
An`ti*typ"ic*al*ly,
adv.
An*tit"y*pous (#), a. [Gr.
/.] Resisting blows; hard. [Obs.]
Cudworth.
An*tit"y*py (#), n. [Gr.
/.] Opposition or resistance of matter to
force. [R.]
Sir W. Hamilton.
An`ti*vac`ci*na"tion (#), n.
Opposition to vaccination.
London Times.
An`ti*vac`ci*na"tion*ist, n. An
antivaccinist.
An`ti*vac"ci*nist, n. One opposed to
vaccination.
An`ti*va*ri"o*lous (#), a.
Preventing the contagion of smallpox.
An`ti*ve*ne"re*al (#), a. Good
against venereal poison; antisyphilitic.
An`ti*viv`i*sec"tion (#), n.
Opposition to vivisection.
An`ti*viv`i*sec"tion*ist, n. One opposed
to vivisection
An`ti*zym"ic (#), a. Preventing
fermentation.
An`ti*zy*mot"ic (#), a.
(Med.) Preventing fermentation or
decomposition. -- n. An agent so
used.
Ant"ler (#), n. [OE.
auntelere, OF. antoillier,
andoiller, endouiller, fr. F.
andouiller, fr. an assumed LL. antocularis,
fr. L. ante before + oculus eye. See
Ocular.] (Zo\'94l.) The entire
horn, or any branch of the horn, of a cervine animal, as of a
stag.
Huge stags with sixteen antlers.
Macaulay.
brow
antler, and the branch next above, the bez
antler, or bay antler. The main stem is the
beam, and the branches are often called
tynes. Antlers are deciduous bony (not horny) growths,
and are covered with a periosteum while growing. See
Velvet.
Antler moth (Zo\'94l.), a
destructive European moth (Cerapteryx graminis), which
devastates grass lands.
Ant"lered (#), a. Furnished
with antlers.
The antlered stag.
Cowper.
\'d8Ant"li*a (#), n.; pl.
Antil\'91 (#). [L., a pump, Gr,
/ hold of a ship] (Zo\'94l.) The spiral
tubular proboscis of lepidopterous insects. See
Lepidoptera.
Ant"-li`on (#), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A neuropterous insect, the larva of
which makes in the sand a pitfall to capture ants, etc. The
common American species is Myrmeleon obsoletus, the
European is M. formicarius.
\'d8An*t\'d2"ci (#),
An*t\'d2"*cians (#), n. pl.
[NL. antoeci, fr. Gr. pl. /; / opposite + /
to live.] Those who live under the same meridian, but
on opposite parallels of latitude, north and south of the
equator.
\'d8An`to*no*ma"si*a (?; 277), n.
[L., fr. Gr. /, fr. / to name instead; / + / to
name, / name.] (Rhet.) The use of some
epithet or the name of some office, dignity, or the like, instead
of the proper name of the person; as when his majesty
is used for a king, or when, instead of Aristotle, we say,
the philosopher; or, conversely, the use of a proper
name instead of an appellative, as when a wise man is called a
Solomon, or an eminent orator a
Cicero.
An`to*no*mas"tic (#), a.
Pertaining to, or characterized by, antonomasia. --
An`to*no*mas"tic*al*ly (#),
adv.
An*ton"o*ma*sy (#), n.
Antonomasia.
An"to*nym (#), n. [Gr. / a
word used in substitution for another; / + /, /, a
word.] A word of opposite meaning; a counterterm; --
used as a correlative of synonym.
[R.]
C. J. Smith.
Ant*or"bit*al (#), a. [Pref.
anti- + orbital.] (Anat.)
Pertaining to, or situated in, the region of the front of
the orbit. -- n. The antorbital
bone.
Ant`or*gas"tic (#), a. See
Antiorgastic.
Ant*o"zone (#), n. [Pref.
anti- + ozone.] (Chem.)
A compound formerly supposed to be modification of oxygen,
but now known to be hydrogen dioxide; -- so called because
apparently antagonistic to ozone, converting it into ordinary
oxygen.
An"tral (#), a. (Anat.)
Relating to an antrum.
An"tre (#), n. [F.
antre, L. antrum, fr. Gr. /.]
A cavern. [Obs.]
Shak.
An*trorse" (#), a. [From L.
ante + versun turned; apparently formed in imitation
of re/rorse.] (Bot.) Forward
or upward in direction.
Gray.
An`tro*vert" (#), v. t. To bend
forward. [R.]
Owen.
\'d8An"trum (#), n.; pl.
Antra (#). [L., fr. Gr. /.]
A cavern or cavity, esp. an anatomical cavity or
sinus.
Huxley.
\'d8An*trus"tion (#), n. [F.,
fr. LL. antrustio.] A vassal or voluntary
follower of Frankish princes in their enterprises.
Ant" thrush` (#). (Zo\'94l.)
(a) One of several species of tropical birds, of
the Old World, of the genus Pitta, somewhat resembling
the thrushes, and feeding chiefly on ants. (b)
See Ant bird, under Ant.
'd8A*nu"bis (#), n. [L.]
(Myth.) An Egyptian deity, the conductor of
departed spirits, represented by a human figure with the head of
a dog or fox.
\'d8A*nu"ra (#), n. pl. [NL.,
fr. Gr. / priv. + / a tail.] (Zo\'94l.)
One of the orders of amphibians characterized by the absence
of a tail, as the frogs and toads. [Written also
anoura.]
A*nu"rous (#), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Destitute of a tail, as the frogs and
toads. [Also written anourous.]
An"u*ry (#), n. [Gr. / priv.
+ / urine.] (Med.) Nonsecretion or
defective secretion of urine; ischury.
\'d8A"nus (#), n. [L., prob.
for asnus: cf. Gr. / to sit, Skr.
\'bes.] (Anat.) The posterior
opening of the alimentary canal, through which the excrements are
expelled.
An"vil (#), n. [OE.
anvelt, anfelt, anefelt, AS.
anfilt, onfilt; of uncertain origin; cf.
OHG. anafalz, D. aanbeld.]
1. An iron block, usually with a steel face, upon
which metals are hammered and shaped.
2. Anything resembling an anvil in shape or
use. Specifically (Anat.), the incus. See
Incus.
To be on the anvil, to be in a state of
discussion, formation, or preparation, as when a scheme or
measure is forming, but not matured.
Swift.
An"vil, v. t. To form or shape on an
anvil; to hammer out; as, anviled armor.
Beau. & Fl.
Anx*i"e*tude (#), n. [L.
anxietudo.] The state of being anxious;
anxiety. [R.]
Anx*i"e*ty (#), n.; pl.
Anxieties (#). [L.
anxietas, fr. anxius: cf. F.
anxi\'82t\'82. See Anxious.]<-- p. 67
--> 1. Concern or solicitude respecting some thing
o//vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and
keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.
2. Eager desire.
J. D. Forbes
3. (Med.) A state of restlessness and
agitation, often with general indisposition and a distressing
sense of oppression at the epigastrium.
Dunglison.
Syn. -- Care; solicitude; foreboding; uneasiness;
perplexity; disquietude; disquiet; trouble; apprehension;
restlessness. See Care.
Anx"ious (#), a. [L.
anxius, fr. angere to cause pain, choke;
akin to Gr. / to choke. See Anger.] 1.
Full of anxiety or disquietude; greatly concerned or
solicitous, esp. respecting future or unknown; being in painful
suspense; -- applied to persons; as, anxious for the
issue of a battle.
2. Accompanied with, or causing, anxiety; worrying;
-- applied to things; as, anxious labor.
The sweet of life, from which
God hath bid dwell far off all anxious cares.
Milton.
3. Earnestly desirous; as, anxious to
please.
He sneers alike at those who are anxious to
preserve and at those who are eager for reform.
Macaulay.
Anxious is followed by for,
about, concerning, etc., before the object of
solicitude.
Syn. -- Solicitous; careful; uneasy; unquiet; restless;
concerned; disturbed; watchful.
Anx"ious*ly, adv. In an anxious manner;
with painful uncertainty; solicitously.
Anx"ious*ness, n. The quality of being
anxious; great solicitude; anxiety.
A"ny (#), a. & pron. [OE.
\'91ni/, \'91ni, eni,
ani, oni, AS. \'d6nig, fr.
\'ben one. It is akin to OS. \'c7nig, OHG.
einic, G. einig, D. eenig. See
One.] 1. One indifferently, out of
an indefinite number; one indefinitely, whosoever or whatsoever
it may be.
Any is often used in denying or asserting
without limitation; as, this thing ought not be done at
any time; I ask any one to answer my
question.
No man knoweth the Son, but the Father; neither knoweth
any man the Father, save the Son.
Matt. xi. 27.
2. Some, of whatever kind, quantity, or number; as,
are there any witnesses present? are there
any other houses like it? \'bdWho will show us
any good?\'b8
Ps. iv. 6.
It is often used, either in the singular or the plural, as
a pronoun, the person or thing being understood; anybody; anyone;
(pl.) any persons.
If any of you lack wisdom, let him ask of God, . .
. and it shall be given him.
Jas. i. 5.
That if he found any of this way, whether they were
men or women, he might bring them bound unto Jerusalem.
Acts ix. 2.
At any rate, In any case,
whatever may be the state of affairs; anyhow.
A"ny, adv. To any extent; in any degree;
at all.
You are not to go loose any longer.
Shak.
Before you go any farther.
Steele.
A"ny*bod*y (#), n. 1.
Any one out of an indefinite number of persons; anyone; any
person.
His Majesty could not keep any secret from
anybody.
Macaulay.
2. A person of consideration or standing.
[Colloq.]
All the men belonged exclusively to the mechanical and
shopkeeping classes, and there was not a single banker or
anybody in the list.
Lond. Sat. Rev.
A"ny*how` (#), adv. In any way
or manner whatever; at any rate; in any event.
Anyhow, it must be acknowledged to be not a simple
selforiginated error.
J. H. Newman.
Anyhow, the languages of the two nations were
closely allied.
E. A. Freeman.
A"ny*one (#), n. One taken at
random rather than by selection; anybody. [Commonly written
as two words.]
A"ny*thing (#), n. 1.
Any object, act, state, event, or fact whatever; thing of
any kind; something or other; aught; as, I would not do it
for anything.
Did you ever know of anything so unlucky?
A. Trollope.
They do not know that anything is amiss with
them.
W. G. Sumner.
2. Expressing an indefinite comparison; -- with
as or like. [Colloq. or
Lowx]
I fear your girl will grow as proud as
anything.
Richardson.
Any thing, written as two words, is now
commonly used in contradistinction to any person or
anybody. Formerly it was also separated when used in
the wider sense. \'bdNecessity drove them to undertake any
thing and venture any thing.\'b8
De Foe.
Anything but, not at all or in any
respect. \'bdThe battle was a rare one, and the victory
anything but secure.\'b8 Hawthorne. --
Anything like, in any respect; at all; as, I
can not give anything like a fair sketch of his
trials.
A"ny*thing, adv. In any measure;
anywise; at all.
Mine old good will and hearty affection towards you is not . .
. anything at all quailed.
Robynson (More's Utopia).
A`ny*thing*a"ri*an (#), n. One
who holds to no particular creed or dogma.
{ A"ny*way (#), A"ny*ways
(#), } adv. Anywise; at all.
Tennyson. Southey.
A"ny*where (#), adv. In any
place.
Udall.
A"ny*whith`er (#), adv. To or
towards any place. [Archaic]
De Foe.
A"ny*wise (#), adv. In any wise
or way; at all. \'bdAnywise essential.\'b8
Burke.
A*o"ni*an (#), a. [From
Aonia, a part of B
Pertaining to Aonia, B
Aonian fount, the fountain of Aganippe, at the
foot of Mount Helicon, not far from Thebes, and sacred to the
Muses.
A"o*rist (#), n. [Gr. /
indefinite; / priv. + / to define, / boundary,
limit.] (Gram.) A tense in the Greek
language, which expresses an action as completed in past time,
but leaves it, in other respects, wholly indeterminate.
A`o*ris"tic (#), a. [Gr.
/.] Indefinite; pertaining to the aorist
tense.
A*or"ta (#), n. [NL., fr. Gr.
/, fr. / to lift, heave.] (Anat.) The
great artery which carries the blood from the heart to all parts
of the body except the lungs; the main trunk of the arterial
system.
aortic arches) which pass in pairs round
the \'d2sophagus and unite to form the systemic aorta. One or
more pairs of these arches persist in amphibia and reptiles, but
only one arch in birds and mammals, this being on the right side
in the former, and on the left in the latter.
<-- Illustration: heart and aorta -->
A*or"tic (#), a. Of or
pertaining to the aorta.
\'d8A`or*ti"tis (#), n.
[Aorta + -itis.]
(Med.) Inflammation of the aorta.
\'d8A"ou*dad (#), n. [The
Moorish name.] (Zo\'94l.) An African
sheeplike quadruped (the Ammotragus tragelaphus)
having a long mane on the breast and fore legs. It is, perhaps,
the chamois of the Old Testament.
A*pace" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- + pace. OE. a pas at a walk,
in which a is the article. See Pace.]
With a quick pace; quick; fast; speedily.
His dewy locks did drop with brine apace.
Spenser.
A visible triumph of the gospel draw/ on
apace.
I. Taylor.
A*pa"ches (#), n. pl.; sing.
Apache (#). (Ethnol.) A group of
nomadic North American Indians including several tribes native of
Arizona, New Mexico, etc.
Ap`a*go"ge (#), n. [Gr. / a
leading away, fr. / to lead away; / from + / to
lead.] (Logic) An indirect argument which
proves a thing by showing the impossibility or absurdity of the
contrary.
{ Ap`a*gog"ic (#), Ap`a*gog"ic*al
(#), } a. Proving indirectly, by
showing the absurdity, or impossibility of the contrary.
Bp. Berkeley.
A*paid" (#), a. Paid;
pleased. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
A*pair" (#), v. t. & i. To
impair or become impaired; to injure. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Ap`a*la"chi*an, a. See
Appalachian.
Ap"an*age, n. Same as
Appanage.
A*pan"thro*py (#), n. [Gr. /;
/ from + / man.] An aversion to the company of
men; a love of solitude.
\'d8A"par (#), A"pa*ra
(#), n. [Native name
apara.] (Zo\'94l.) See
Mataco.
\'d8A`pa*re"jo (#), n.
[Sp.] A kind of pack saddle used in the American
military service and among the Spanish Americans. It is made of
leather stuffed with hay, moss, or the like.
\'d8Ap`a*rith"me*sis (?; 277), n.
[Gr. /, from / to count off or over.]
(Rhet.) Enumeration of parts or
particulars.
A*part" (#), adv. [F. \'85
part; (L. ad) + part part. See
Part.] 1. Separately, in regard to
space or company; in a state of separation as to place;
aside.
Others apart sat on a hill retired.
Milton.
The Lord hath set apart him that is godly for
himself.
Ps. iv. 3.
2. In a state of separation, of exclusion, or of
distinction, as to purpose, use, or character, or as a matter of
thought; separately; independently; as, consider the two
propositions apart.
3. Aside; away. \'bdWherefore lay
apart all filthiness and superfluity of
naughtiness.\'b8
Jas. i. 21.
Let Pleasure go, put Care apart.
Keble.
4. In two or more parts; asunder; to piece; as,
to take a piece of machinery apart.
A*part"ment (#), n. [F.
appartement; cf. It. appartamento, fr.
appartare to separate, set apart; all fr. L. ad +
pars, partis, part. See Apart.]
1. A room in a building; a division in a house,
separated from others by partitions.
Fielding.
2. A set or suite of rooms.
De Quincey.
3. A compartment. [Obs.]
Pope.
A*part"ness (#), n. The quality
of standing apart.
\'d8Ap*as"tron (#), n. [Gr. /
from + / star.] (Astron.) That point in
the orbit of a double star where the smaller star is farthest
from its primary.
Ap`a*thet"ic (#),
Ap`a*thet"ic*al (#) a.
[See Apathy.] Void of feeling; not
susceptible of deep emotion; passionless; indifferent.
Ap`a*thet"ic*al*ly, adv. In an apathetic
manner.
Ap"a*thist (#), n. [Cf. F.
apathiste.] One who is destitute of
feeling.
Ap`a*this"tic*al (#), a.
Apathetic; une motional. [R.]
Ap"a*thy (#), n.; pl.
Apathies (#). [L.
apathia, Gr. /; / priv. + /, fr. /, /, to
suffer: cf. F. apathie. See Pathos.]
Want of feeling; privation of passion, emotion, or
excitement; dispassion; -- applied either to the body or the
mind. As applied to the mind, it is a calmness, indolence, or
state of indifference, incapable of being ruffled or roused to
active interest or exertion by pleasure, pain, or passion.
\'bdThe apathy of despair.\'b8
Macaulay.
A certain apathy or sluggishness in his nature
which led him . . . to leave events to take their own course.
Prescott.
According to the Stoics, apathy meant the
extinction of the passions by the ascendency of reason.
Fleming.
Syn. -- Insensibility; unfeelingness; indifference;
unconcern; stoicism; supineness; sluggishness.
Ap"a*tite (#), n. [Gr. /
deceit, fr. / to deceive; it having been often mistaken for
other minerals.] (Min.) Native phosphate of
lime, occurring usually in six-sided prisms, color often pale
green, transparent or translucent.
A`pau`m\'82" (#), n. See
Appaum/.
Ape (#), n. [AS.
apa; akin to D. aap, OHG. affo,
G. affe, Icel. api, Sw. apa,
Dan. abe, W. epa.] 1.
(Zo\'94l.) A quadrumanous mammal, esp. of the
family Simiad\'91, having teeth of the same number and
form as in man, having teeth of the same number and form as in
man, and possessing neither a tail nor cheek pouches. The name is
applied esp. to species of the genus Hylobates, and is
sometimes used as a general term for all Quadrumana. The higher
forms, the gorilla, chimpanzee, and ourang, are often called
anthropoid apes or man apes.
ape of the Old Testament was
prqobably the rhesus monkey of India, and allied forms.
2. One who imitates servilely (in allusion to the
manners of the ape); a mimic.
Byron.
3. A dupe. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Ape, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Aped; p. pr. & vb. n.
Aping.] To mimic, as an ape imitates
human actions; to imitate or follow servilely or
irrationally. \'bdHow he apes his sire.\'b8
Addison.
The people of England will not ape the fashions
they have never tried.
Burke.
A*peak" (#), adv. & a. [Pref.
a- + peak. Cf. F. \'85 pic
vertically.] (Naut.) In a vertical line.
The anchor in apeak, when the cable has been
sufficiently hove in to bring the ship over it, and the ship is
them said to be hove apeak. [Spelt also
apeek.]
Ape"hood (#), n. The state of
being an ape.
A*pel"lous (#), a. [Pref.
a- not + L. pellis skin.]
Destitute of skin.
Brande & C.
Ap"en*nine (#), a. [L.
Apenninus, fr. Celtic pen, or
ben, peak, mountain.] Of, pertaining to, or
designating, the Apennines, a chain of mountains extending
through Italy.
A*pep"sy (#), n. [NL.
apepsia, fr. Gr. /, fr. / uncooked, undigested;
/ priv. + / cooked, / to cook, digest.]
(Med.) Defective digestion, indigestion.
Coxe.
Ap"er (#), n. One who
apes.
\'d8A*pe"re*a (#), n. [Native
name.] (Zo\'94l.) The wild Guinea pig of
Brazil (Cavia aperea).
A*pe"ri*ent (#), a. [L.
aperiens, p. pr. of aperire to uncover,
open; ab + parire, parere, to bring forth,
produce. Cf. Cover, Overt.]
(Med.) Gently opening the bowels; laxative.
-- n. An aperient medicine or
food.
Arbuthnot.
A*per"i*tive (#), a. [Cf. F.
ap\'82ritif, fr. L. aperire.]
Serving to open; aperient.
Harvey.
A*pert" (#), a. [OF.
apert, L. apertus, p. p. of
aperire. See Aperient, and cf. Pert,
a.] Open; ev/dent; undisguised.
[Archaic]
Fotherby.
A*pert", adv. Openly.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
A*per"tion (#), n. [L.
apertio.] The act of opening; an opening;
an aperture. [Archaic]
Wiseman.
A*pert"ly, adv. Openly; clearly.
[Archaic]
A*pert"ness, n. Openness;
frankness. [Archaic]
Ap"er*ture (?; 135), n. [L.
apertura, fr. aperire. See
Aperient.] 1. The act of
opening. [Obs.]
2. An opening; an open space; a gap, cleft, or
chasm; a passage perforated; a hole; as, an aperture
in a wall.
An aperture between the mountains.
Gilpin.
The back aperture of the nostrils.
Owen.
3. (Opt.) The diameter of the exposed
part of the object glass of a telescope or other optical
instrument; as, a telescope of four-inch
aperture.
aperture of microscopes is often
expressed in degrees, called also the angular
aperture, which signifies the angular breadth of the pencil
of light which the instrument transmits from the object or point
viewed; as, a microscope of 100aperture.
Ap"er*y (#), n.; pl.
Aperies. 1. A place where apes are
kept. [R.]
Kingsley.
2. The practice of aping; an apish action.
Coleridge.
<-- p. 68 -->
A*pet"al*ous (#), a. [Pref.
a- not + petal.] (Bot.)
Having no petals, or flower leaves. [See Illust.
under Anther].
A*pet"al*ous*ness, n. The state of being
apetalous.
A"pex (#), n.; pl. E.
Apexes (#); L. Apices
(#). [L.] 1. The tip,
top, point, or angular summit of anything; as, the
apex of a mountain, spire, or cone; the apex,
or tip, of a leaf.
2. (Mining) The end or edge of a vein
nearest the surface. [U.S.]
Apex of the earth's motion (Astron.),
that point of the heavens toward which the earth is moving in
its orbit.
\'d8A*ph\'91r"e*sis (?; 277), n.
[L.] Same as Apheresis.
\'d8A*pha"ki*a (#), n. [NL.;
Gr. / priv. + / seed of a lentil.] (Med.)
An anomalous state of refraction caused by the absence of
the crystalline lens, as after operations for cataract. The
remedy is the use of powerful convex lenses.
Dunglison.
A*pha"ki*al (#), a.
(Med.) Pertaining to aphakia; as,
aphakial eyes.
\'d8Aph`a*nip"te*ra (#), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / invisible (/ priv. + / to appear) +
/ a wing.] (Zo\'94l.) A group of wingless
insects, of which the flea in the type. See Flea.
Aph`a*nip"ter*ous (#), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the
Aphaniptera.
Aph"a*nite (#), n. [Gr. /
invisible; / priv. + / to appear.] (Min.)
A very compact, dark-colored /ock, consisting of
hornblende, or pyroxene, and feldspar, but neither of them in
perceptible grains.
Aph`a*nit"ic (#), a.
(Min.) Resembling aphanite; having a very
fine-grained structure.
{ \'d8A*pha"si*a (#), Aph"a*sy
(#), } n. [NL. aphasia,
Gr. /, fr. / not spoken; / priv. + / to speak: cf. F.
aphasie.] (Med.) Loss of the
power of speech, or of the appropriate use of words, the vocal
organs remaining intact, and the intelligence being preserved. It
is dependent on injury or disease of the brain.
A*pha"sic (#), a. Pertaining
to, or affected by, aphasia; speechless.
A*phel"ion (?; 277), n.; pl.
Aphelia (#). [Gr. / + /
sun.] (Astron.) That point of a planet's or
comet's orbit which is most distant from the sun, the opposite
point being the perihelion.
A*phe`li*o*trop"ic (#), a. [Gr.
/ + / sun + / belonging to a turning.] Turning
away from the sun; -- said of leaves, etc.
Darwin.
A*phe`li*ot"ro*pism (#), n. The
habit of bending from the sunlight; -- said of certain
plants.
\'d8A*phe"mi*a (#), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. / priv. + / voice.] (Med.) Loss
of the power of speaking, while retaining the power of writing;
-- a disorder of cerebral origin.
A*pher"e*sis (?; 277), n. [L.
aphaeresis, Gr. /, fr. / to take away; / + /
to take.] 1. (Gram.) The dropping
of a letter or syllable from the beginning of a word; e.
g., cute for acute.
2. (Surg.) An operation by which any
part is separated from the rest. [Obs.]
Dunglison.
\'d8Aph"e*sis (#), n. [Gr. /
a letting go; / + / to let go.] The loss of a
short unaccented vowel at the beginning of a word; -- the result
of a phonetic process; as, squire for
esquire.
New Eng. Dict.
A*phet"ic (#), a. [Gr. /
letting go, fr. / to let go.] Shortened by dropping
a letter or a syllable from the beginning of a word; as, an
aphetic word or form. --
A*phet"ic*al*ly, adv.
New Eng. Dict.
Aph"e*tism (#), n. An aphetized
form of a word.
New Eng. Dict.
Aph"e*tize (#), v. t. To
shorten by aphesis.
These words . . . have been aphetized.
New Eng. Dict.
A"phid (#), n. (Zo\'94l.)
One of the genus Aphis; an aphidian.
Aph"i*des (#), n. pl.
(Zo\'94l.) See Aphis.
A*phid"i*an (#), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the family
Aphid\'91. -- n. One of
the aphides; an aphid.
Aph`i*div"o*rous (#). [Aphis +
L. vorare to devour.] (Zo\'94l.)
Devouring aphides; aphidophagous.
Aph`i*doph"a*gous (#), a.
[Aphis + Gr. / to eat.]
(Zo\'94l.) Feeding upon aphides, or plant lice,
as do beetles of the family Coccinellid\'91.
Aph`i*lan"thro*py (#), n. [Gr.
/ not loving man; / priv. + / to love + / man.]
Want of love to mankind; -- the opposite of
philanthropy.
Coxe.
\'d8A"phis (#), n.; pl.
Aphides (#). [NL.]
(Zo\'94l.) A genus of insects belonging to the
order Hemiptera and family Aphid\'91, including
numerous species known as plant lice and green flies.
Aphid\'91 excrete honeydew from two tubes near the end
of the body.
A"phis li"on (#). (Zo\'94l.)
The larva of the lacewinged flies (Chrysopa),
which feeds voraciously upon aphids. The name is also applied to
the larv\'91 of the ladybugs (Coccinella).
Aph`lo*gis"*tic (#), a. [Gr.
/ not inflammable; / priv. + / set on fire. See
Phlogiston.] Flameless; as, an
aphlogistic lamp, in which a coil of wire is kept in a
state of continued ignition by alcohol, without flame.
{ \'d8A*pho"ni*a (#), Aph"o*ny
(#), } n. [NL. aphonia,
Gr. /, fr. / voiceless; / priv. + / voice: cf. F.
aphonie.] (Med.) Loss of voice
or vocal utterance.
{ A*phon"ic (#), Aph"o*nous
(#), } a. Without voice;
voiceless; nonvocal.
Aph"o*rism (#), n. [F.
aphorisme, fr. Gr. / definition, a short, pithy
sentence, fr. / to mark off by boundaries, to define; / from
+ / to separate, part. See Horizon.] A
comprehensive maxim or principle expressed in a few words; a
sharply defined sentence relating to abstract truth rather than
to practical matters.
The first aphorism of Hippocrates is, \'bdLife is
short, and the art is long.\'b8
Fleming.
Syn. -- Axiom; maxim; adage; proverb; apothegm; saying; saw;
truism; dictum. See Axiom.
{ Aph`o*ris*mat"ic (#),
Aph`o*ris"mic (#), } a.
Pertaining to aphorisms, or having the form of an
aphorism.
Aph`o*ris"mer (#) n. A dealer
in aphorisms. [Used in derogation or
contempt.]
Milton.
Aph"o*rist, n. A writer or utterer of
aphorisms.
{ Aph`o*ris"tic (#),
Aph`o*ris"tic*al (#), } a.
[Gr. /.] In the form of, or of the nature of,
an aphorism; in the form of short, unconnected sentences; as,
an aphoristic style.
The method of the book is aphoristic.
De Quincey.
Aph`o*ris"tic*al*ly, adv. In the form or
manner of aphorisms; pithily.
Aph"o*rize (#), v. i. To make
aphorisms.
Aph"rite (#), n. (Min.)
See under Calcite.
{ Aph`ro*dis"i*ac (#),
Aph`ro*di*si"a*cal (#), } a.
[Gr. / pertaining to sensual love, fr. /. See
Aphrodite.] Exciting venereal desire;
provocative to venery.
Aph`ro*dis"i*ac, n. That which (as a
drug, or some kinds of food) excites to venery.
Aph`ro*dis"i*an (#), a. [Gr.
/.] Pertaining to Aphrodite or Venus.
\'bdAphrodisian dames\'b8 [that is, courtesans].
C. Reade.
\'d8Aph`ro*di"te (#), n. [Gr.
/.] 1. (Classic Myth.) The Greek
goddess of love, corresponding to the Venus of the Romans.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A large marine annelid,
covered with long, lustrous, golden, hairlike set\'91; the sea
mouse.
3. (Zo\'94l.) A beautiful butterfly
(Argunnis Aphrodite) of the United States.
Aph`ro*dit"ic (#), a.
Venereal. [R.]
Dunglison.
\'d8Aph"tha (#), n. [Sing. of
Aphth\'91.] (Med.) (a)
One of the whitish specks called aphth\'91.
(b) The disease, also called thrush.
\'d8Aph"th\'91 (#), n. pl. [L.,
fr. Gr. / (mostly in pl. /, Hipp.) an eruption, thrush, fr.
/ to set on fire, inflame.] (Med.)
Roundish pearl-colored specks or flakes in the mouth, on the
lips, etc., terminating in white sloughs. They are commonly
characteristic of thrush.
Aph"thoid, a. [Aphtha +
-oid.] Of the nature of aphth\'91;
resembling thrush.
Aph"thong (?; 277), n. [Gr. /
silent; / priv. + / voice, sound, fr. / to sound.]
A letter, or a combination of letters, employed in spelling
a word, but in the pronunciation having no sound. --
Aph*thon"gal (#),
a.
Aph"thous (#) a. [Cf. F.
aphtheux.] Pertaining to, or caused by,
aphth\'91; characterized by apht\'91; as, aphthous
ulcers; aphthous fever.
Aph"yl*lous (#), a. [Gr. /;
/ priv. + / leaf.] (Bot.) Destitute of
leaves, as the broom rape, certain euphorbiaceous plants,
etc.
A`pi*a"ceous (#), a.
(Bot.) Umbelliferous.
A"pi*an (#), a. Belonging to
bees.
A`pi*a"ri*an (#), a. Of or
relating to bees.
A"pi*a*rist (#), n. One who
keeps an apiary.
A"pi*a*ry (#), n. [L.
apiarium, fr. apis bee.] A place
where bees are kept; a stand or shed for bees; a beehouse.
Ap"ic*al (#), a. [L.
apex, apicis, tip or summit.] At
or belonging to an apex, tip, or summit.
Gray.
\'d8Ap"i*ces (#), n. pl. See
Apex.
A*pi"cian (#), a. [L.
Apicianus.] Belonging to Apicius, a
notorious Roman epicure; hence applied to whatever is peculiarly
refined or dainty and expensive in cookery.
H. Rogers.
A*pic"u*lar, a. [NL.
apiculus, dim. of L. apex,
apicis.] Situated at, or near, the apex;
apical.
{ A*pic"u*late (#),
A*pic"u*la`ted (#), } a.
[See Apicular.] (Bot.)
Terminated abruptly by a small, distinct point, as a
leaf.
Ap"i*cul`ture (?; 135), n. [L.
apis bee + E. culture.] Rearing of bees for
their honey and wax.
A*piece" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- + piece.] Each by itself; by
the single one; to each; as the share of each; as, these
melons cost a shilling apiece. \'bdFined . .
. a thousand pounds apiece.\'b8
Hume.
A*pie"ces (#), adv. In pieces
or to pieces. [Obs.] \'bdBeing torn
apieces.\'b8
Shak.
A*pik"ed (#), a. Trimmed.
[Obs.]
Full fresh and new here gear apiked was.
Chaucer.
A"pi*ol (#), n. [L.
apium parsley + -ol.]
(Med.) An oily liquid derived from parsley.
A`pi*ol"o*gist (#), n. [L.
apis bee + -logist (see
-logy).] A student of bees.
[R.]
Emerson.
\'d8A"pis (#), n. [L.,
bee.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of insects of the
order Hymenoptera, including the common honeybee (Apis
mellifica) and other related species. See
Honeybee.
Ap"ish (#), a. Having the
qualities of an ape; prone to imitate in a servile manner. Hence:
Apelike; fantastically silly; foppish; affected; trifling.
The apish gallantry of a fantastic boy.
Sir W. Scott.
Ap"ish*ly, adv. In an apish manner; with
servile imitation; foppishly.
Ap"ish*ness, n. The quality of being
apish; mimicry; foppery.
A*pit"pat, adv. [Pref. a- +
pitpat.] With quick beating or palpitation;
pitapat.
Congreve.
Ap`la*cen"tal, a. [Pref. a- +
placental.] Belonging to the Aplacentata;
without placenta.
\'d8Ap`la*cen*ta"ta, n. pl. [Pref.
a- not + placenta.]
(Zo\'94l.) Mammals which have no placenta.
\'d8Ap`la*coph"o*ra (#), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / priv. + / a flat cake + / to
bear.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of Amphineura
in which the body is naked or covered with slender spines or
set\'91, but is without shelly plates.
Ap`la*nat"ic (#), a. [Gr. /
priv. + / disposed to wander, wandering, / to wander.]
(Opt.) Having two or more parts of different
curvatures, so combined as to remove spherical aberration; --
said of a lens.
Aplanatic focus of a lens (Opt.),
the point or focus from which rays diverging pass the lens
without spherical aberration. In certain forms of lenses there
are two such foci; and it is by taking advantage of this fact
that the best aplanatic object glasses of microscopes are
constructed.
A*plan"a*tism (#), n. Freedom
from spherical aberration.
A*plas"tic (#), a. [Pref.
a- not + plastic.] Not plastic
or easily molded.
\'d8A`plomb" (#), n. [F., lit.
perpendicularity; / to + plomb lead. See
Plumb.] Assurance of manner or of action;
self-possession.
A*plot"o*my (#), n. [Gr. /
simple + / a cutting.] (Surg.) Simple
incision.
Dunglison.
\'d8A*plus"tre (#), n. [L., fr.
Gr. /.] (Rom. Antiq.) An ornamental
appendage of wood at the ship's stern, usually spreading like a
fan and curved like a bird's feather.
Audsley.
\'d8A*plys"i*a (#), n. [Gr. /
a dirty sponge, fr. / unwashed; / priv. + / to wash.]
(Zo\'94l.) A genus of marine mollusks of the
order Tectibranchiata; the sea hare. Some of the
species when disturbed throw out a deep purple liquor, which
colors the water to some distance. See Illust. in
Appendix.
\'d8Ap*neu"mo*na (#), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / priv. + /, /, a lung.]
(Zo\'94l.) An order of holothurians in which the
internal respiratory organs are wanting; -- called also
Apoda or Apodes.
\'d8Ap*n/"a (#), n. [NL., fr.
Gr. / priv. + /, /, breath, / to breathe, blow.]
(Med.) Partial privation or suspension of breath;
suffocation.
Ap"o (#). [Gr. /. See
Ab-.] A prefix from a Greek preposition. It
usually signifies from, away from,
off, or asunder, separate;
as, in apocope (a cutting off),
apostate, apostle (one sent away),
apocarpous.
A*poc"a*lypse (#), n. [L.
apocalypsis, Gr. /, fr. / to uncover, to disclose;
/ from + / to cover, conceal: cf. F.
apocalypse.] 1. The revelation
delivered to St. John, in the isle of Patmos, near the close of
the first century, forming the last book of the New
Testament.
2. Anything viewed as a revelation; as
disclosure.
The new apocalypse of Nature.
Carlyle.
{ A*poc`a*lyp"tic (#),
A*poc`a*lyp"tic*al (#), } a.
[Gr. /.] Of or pertaining to a revelation, or,
specifically, to the Revelation of St. John; containing, or of
the nature of, a prophetic revelation.
Apocolyptic number, the number 666, mentioned
in Rev. xiii. 18. It has been variously
interpreted.
<-- p. 69 -->
A*poc`a*lyp"tic (#),
A*poc`a*lyp"tist, n. The writer of
the Apocalypse.
A*poc`a*lyp"tic*al*ly (#), adv.
By revelation; in an apocalyptic manner.
Ap`o*car"pous, a. [Pref. apo-
+ Gr. / fruit.] (Bot.) Either entirely of
partially separate, as the carpels of a compound pistil; --
opposed to syncarpous.
Lindley.
A*poc"o*pate (#), v. t. [LL.
apocopatus, p. p. of apocopare to cut off,
fr. L. apocore. See Apocope.]
(Gram.) To cut off or drop; as, to
apocopate a word, or the last letter, syllable, or part
of a word.
{ A*poc"o*pate (#),
A*poc"o*pa`ted (#), } a.
Shortened by apocope; as, an apocopate
form.
A*poc`o*pa"tion (#), n.
Shortening by apocope; the state of being apocopated.
\'d8A*poc"o*pe, n. [L., fr. Gr. / a
cutting off, fr. / to cut off; / from + / to cut.]
1. The cutting off, or omission, of the last
letter, syllable, or part of a word.
2. (Med.) A cutting off;
abscission.
{ Ap`o*cris"i*a*ry (#),
\'d8Ap`o*cris`i*a"ri*us (#), }
n. [L. apocrisiarius,
apocrisarius, fr. Gr. / answer, fr. / to answer;
/ from + / to separate.] (Eccl.) A
delegate or deputy; especially, the pope's nuncio or legate at
Constantinople.
Ap`o*crus"tic (#), a. [Gr. /
able to drive off, fr. / to drive off.] (Med.)
Astringent and repellent. -- n.
An apocrustic medicine.
A*poc"ry*pha (#), n. pl., but often
used as sing. with pl. Apocryphas
(#). [L. apocryphus apocryphal,
Gr. / hidden, spurious, fr. / to hide; / from + / to
hide.] 1. Something, as a writing, that is of
doubtful authorship or authority; -- formerly used also
adjectively. [Obs.]
Locke.
2. Specif.: Certain writings which are received by
some Christians as an authentic part of the Holy Scriptures, but
are rejected by others.
Apocrypha, as not having dogmatic authority, but
being profitable for instruction. The Apocrypha is now commonly
/mitted from the King James's Bible.
A*poc"ry*phal (#), a. 1.
Pertaining to the Apocrypha.
2. Not canonical. Hence: Of doubtful authority;
equivocal; mythic; fictitious; spurious; false.
The passages . . . are, however, in part from
apocryphal or fictitious works.
Sir G. C. Lewis.
A*poc"ry*phal*ist, n. One who believes
in, or defends, the Apocrypha. [R.]
A*poc"ry*phal*ly, adv. In an apocryphal
manner; mythically; not indisputably.
A*poc"ry*phal*ness, n. The quality or
state of being apocryphal; doubtfulness of credit or
genuineness.
A*poc`y*na"ceous (#),
Ap`o*cyn"e*ous (#), a.
[Gr. / dogbane; / from + / dog.]
(Bot.) Belonging to, or resembling, a family of
plants, of which the dogbane (Apocynum) is the
type.
A*poc"y*nin (#), n. [From
Apocynum, the generic name of dogbane.]
(Chem.) A bitter principle obtained from the
dogbane (Apocynum cannabinum).
{ Ap"od (#), Ap"o*dal
(#), } a. [See Apod,
n.] 1. Without feet;
footless.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Destitute of the ventral
fin, as the eels.
{ Ap"od (#), Ap"ode (#),
} n.; pl. Apods (#) or
Apodes (#). [Gr. /, /,
footless; / priv. + /, /, foot.]
(Zo\'94l.) One of certain animals that have no
feet or footlike organs; esp. one of certain fabulous birds which
were said to have no feet.
Paradisea apoda, being supposed to have no feet, as
these were wanting in the specimens first obtained from the East
Indies.
\'d8Ap"o*da (#), n. pl. [NL.,
fr. Gr. /, /. See Apod, n.]
(Zo\'94l.) (a) A group of cirripeds,
destitute of footlike organs. (b) An order of
Amphibia without feet. See Ophiomorpha.
(c) A group of worms without appendages, as the
leech.
Ap"o*dan (#), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Apodal.
{ Ap"o*deic"tic (#), Ap`o*dic"tic
(#), Ap`o*deic"tic*al (#),
Ap`o*dic"tic*al (#), } a.
[L. apodicticus, Gr. /, fr. / to point out,
to show by argument; / from + / to show.]
Self-evident; intuitively true; evident beyond
contradiction.
Brougham. Sir Wm. Hamilton.
Ap`o*deic"tic*al*ly,
Ap`o*dic"tic*al*ly, adv. So as to
be evident beyond contradiction.
Ap"o*deme (#), n. [Pref.
apo- + Gr. / body.] (Zo\'94l.)
One of the processes of the shell which project inwards and
unite with one another, in the thorax of many Crustacea.
\'d8Ap"o*des (#), n. pl. [NL.,
masc. pl. See Apoda.] (Zo\'94l.)
(a) An order of fishes without ventral fins,
including the eels. (b) A group of
holothurians destitute of suckers. See Apneumona.
Ap`o*dic"tic (#), a. Same as
Apodeictic.
\'d8Ap`o*dix"is (#), n. [L.,
fr. Gr. /, fr. /.] Full demonstration.
\'d8A*pod"o*sis (#), n. [L.,
fr. Gr. /, fr. / to give back; / from, back again + / to
give.] (Gram.) The consequent clause or
conclusion in a conditional sentence, expressing the
result, and thus distinguished from the
protasis or clause which expresses a
condition. Thus, in the sentence, \'bdThough he slay
me, yet will I trust in him,\'b8 the former clause is the
protasis, and the latter the
apodosis.
protasis and apodosis to the introductory
clause and the concluding clause, even when the sentence is not
conditional.
Ap"o*dous (#)(#), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Apodal; apod.
\'d8A*pod`y*te"ri*um (#), n.
[L., fr. Gr. /, fr. / to strip one's self.]
(Anc. Arch.) The apartment at the entrance of the
baths, or in the palestra, where one stripped; a dressing
room.
Ap`o*ga"ic (#), a. [Gr. / far
from the earth.] Apogean.
Ap`o*gam"ic (#), a. Relating to
apogamy.
A*pog"a*my (#), n. [Pref.
apo- + Gr. / marriage.] (Bot.)
The formation of a bud in place of a fertilized ovule or
o\'94spore.
De Bary.
Ap`o*ge"al (#), a.
(Astron.) Apogean.
Ap`o*ge"an (#), a. Connected
with the apogee; as, apogean (neap) tides, which
occur when the moon has passed her apogee.
Ap"o*gee (#), n. [Gr. / from
the earth; / from + /, /, earth: cf. F.
apog\'82e.] 1. (Astron.)
That point in the orbit of the moon which is at the greatest
distance from the earth.
2. Fig.: The farthest or highest point;
culmination.
Ap`o*ge`o*trop"ic (#), a.
[Pref. apo- + Gr. / earth + / turning.]
(Bot.) Bending away from the ground; -- said of
leaves, etc.
Darwin.
Ap"o*ge*ot"ro*pism (#), n. The
apogeotropic tendency of some leaves, and other parts.
Ap"o*graph (#), n. [Gr. /;
/ from + / to write: cf. F. apographe.]
A copy or transcript.
Blount.
Ap`o*hy"al (#), a. [Pref.
apo- + the Gr. letter Y.] (Anat.)
Of or pertaining to a portion of the horn of the hyoid
bone.
A*poise" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- + poise.] Balanced.
A*po"lar (#), a. [Pref.
a- + polar.] (Biol.)
Having no radiating processes; -- applied particularly to
certain nerve cells.
Ap`o*laus"tic (#), a. [Gr. /,
fr. / to enjoy.] Devoted to enjoyment.
A*pol`li*na"ri*an (#), a. [L.
Apollinaris, fr. Apollo.] (Rom.
Antiq.) In honor of Apollo; as, the
Apollinarian games.
A*pol`li*na"ri*an, n. (Eccl.
Hist.) A follower of Apollinaris, Bishop of Laodicea
in the fourth century, who denied the proper humanity of
Christ.
A*pol`li*na"ris wa"ter (#). An
effervescing alkaline mineral water used as a table beverage. It
is obtained from a spring in Apollinarisburg, near Bonn.
A*pol"lo (#), n. [L.
Apollo, -linis, Gr. /.]
(Classic Myth.) A deity among the Greeks and
Romans. He was the god of light and day (the \'bdsun god\'b8), of
archery, prophecy, medicine, poetry, and music, etc., and was
represented as the model of manly grace and beauty; -- called
also Ph\'82bus.
The Apollo Belvedere, a celebrated statue of
Apollo in the Belvedere gallery of the Vatican palace at Rome,
esteemed of the noblest representations of the human
frame.
Ap`ol*lo"ni*an (#),
Ap`ol*lon"ic (#), a. Of,
pertaining to, or resembling, Apollo.
A*pol"ly*on (#), n. [Gr. /
destroying, fr. /, /, to destroy utterly; / from, entirely
+ / to destroy.] The Destroyer; -- a name used
(Rev. ix. 11) for the angel of the bottomless pit,
answering to the Hebrew Abaddon.
A*pol"o*ger (#), n. A teller of
apologues. [Obs.]
{ A*pol`o*get"ic (#),
A*pol`o*get"ic*al (#), } a.
[Gr. /, fr. / to speak in defense of; / from + /
speech, / to say, to speak. See Logic.]
Defending by words or arguments; said or written in defense,
or by way of apology; regretfully excusing; as, an
apologetic essay. \'bdTo speak in a subdued
and apologetic tone.\'b8
Macaulay.
A*pol`o*get"ic*al*ly, adv. By way of
apology.
A*pol`o*get"ics (#), n. That
branch of theology which defends the Holy Scriptures, and sets
forth the evidence of their divine authority.
A*pol"o*gist (#), n. [Cf. F.
apologiste.] One who makes an apology; one
who speaks or writes in defense of a faith, a cause, or an
institution; especially, one who argues in defense of
Christianity.
A*pol"o*gize (#), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Apologized
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Apologizing.] [Cf. F.
apologiser.] 1. To make an apology
or defense.
Dr. H. More.
2. To make an apology or excuse; to make
acknowledgment of some fault or offense, with expression of
regret for it, by way of amends; -- with for;
as, my correspondent apologized for not
answering my letter.
To apologize for his insolent language.
Froude.
A*pol"o*gize, v. t. To defend.
[Obs.]
The Christians . . . were apologized by Plinie.
Dr. G. Benson.
A*pol"o*gi`zer (#), n. One who
makes an apology; an apologist.
Ap"o*logue (#), n. [L.
apologous, Gr. /; / from + / speech, / to
speak: cf. F. apologue.] A story or
relation of fictitious events, intended to convey some moral
truth; a moral fable.
apologue differs from a
parable in this;: the parable is drawn from events
which take place among mankind, and therefore requires
probability in the narrative; the apologue is founded
on supposed actions of brutes or inanimate things, and therefore
is not limited by strict rules of probability. \'92sop's fables
are good examples of apologues.
A*pol"o*gy (#), n.;
pl. Apologies . [L. apologia, Gr.
/; / from + /: cf. F. apologie. See
Apologetic.] 1. Something said or
written in defense or justification of what appears to others
wrong, or of what may be liable to disapprobation; justification;
as, Tertullian's Apology for
Christianity.
It is not my intention to make an apology for my
poem; some will think it needs no excuse, and others will receive
none.
Dryden.
2. An acknowledgment intended as an atonement for
some improper or injurious remark or act; an admission to another
of a wrong or discourtesy done him, accompanied by an expression
of regret.
3. Anything provided as a substitute; a
makeshift.
He goes to work devising apologies for window
curtains.
Dickens.
Syn. -- Excuse. An
apology, in the original sense of the word, was a
pleading off from some charge or imputation, by
explaining and defending one's principles or conduct. It
therefore amounted to a vindication. One who offers an
apology, admits himself to have been, at least
apparently, in the wrong, but brings forward some palliating
circumstance, or tenders a frank acknowledgment, by way of
reparation. We make an apology for some breach of
propriety or decorum (like rude expressions, unbecoming conduct,
etc.), or some deficiency in what might be reasonably
expected. We offer an excuse when we have been guilty
of some breach or neglect of duty; and we do it by way of
extenuating our fault, and with a view to be forgiven. When an
excuse has been accepted, an apology may
still, in some cases, be necessary or appropriate. \'bdAn
excuse is not grounded on the claim of innocence, but
is rather an appeal for favor resting on some collateral
circumstance. An apology mostly respects the conduct
of individuals toward each other as equals; it is a voluntary act
produced by feelings of decorum, or a desire for the good opinion
of others.\'b8
Crabb.
A*pol"o*gy (#), v. i. To offer
an apology. [Obs.]
For which he can not well apology.
J. Webster.
Ap`o*me*com"e*ter, n. An instrument for
measuring the height of objects.
Knight.
Ap`o*me*com"e*try, n. [Pref.
apo- + Gr. / length + -metry.]
The art of measuring the distance of objects afar off.
[Obs. or R.]
{ \'d8Ap`o*mor"phi*a (#),
Ap`o*mor"phine (#), } n.
[Pref. apo- + morphia,
morphine.] (Chem.) A crystalline
alkaloid obtained from morphia. It is a powerful emetic.
\'d8Ap`o*neu*ro"sis (#), n.;
pl. Aponeuroses (#). [Gr.
/, fr. / to pass into a tendon; / from + / to strain the
sinews, / sinew, tendon, nerve.] (Anat.)
Any one of the thicker and denser of the deep fasci\'91
which cover, invest, and the terminations and attachments of,
many muscles. They often differ from tendons only in being flat
and thin. See Fascia.
Ap`o*neu*rot"ic (#), a.
(Anat.) Of or pertaining to an aponeurosis.
Ap`o*neu*rot"o*my (#), n.
[Aponeurosis + Gr. / a cutting.]
Dissection of aponeuroses.
Ap`o*pemp"tic (#), a. [Gr. /,
fr. / to send off or away; / from + / to send.]
Sung or addressed to one departing; valedictory; as,
apoplectic songs or hymns.
\'d8A*poph"a*sis (#), n. [Gr.
/ denial, fr. / to speak out, to deny.]
(Rhet.) A figure by which a speaker formally
declines to take notice of a favorable point, but in such a
manner as to produce the effect desired. [For example, see Mark
Antony's oration. Shak., Julius C\'91sar, iii. 2.]
Ap`o*phleg*mat"ic (#), a. [Gr.
/; / from + / full of phlegm. See
Phlegmatic.] (Med.) Designed to
facilitate discharges of phlegm or mucus from mouth or
nostrils. -- n. An apohlegmatic
medicine.
Ap`o*phleg"ma*tism, n. [Gr. /,
Galen.] 1. (Med.) The action of
apophlegmatics.
2. An apophlegmatic. [Obs.]
Bacon.
Ap`o*phleg*mat"i*zant (#), n.
(Med.) An apophlegmatic.
[Obs.]
Ap`oph*thegm (#), n. See
Apothegm.
Ap`oph*theg*mat"ic (#),
Ap`oph*theg*mat"ic*al (#), a.
Same as Apothegmatic.
\'d8A*poph"y*ge (#), n. [Gr.
/ escape, in arch. the curve with which the shaft escapes into
its base or capital, fr. / to //ee away; / from + / to
flee: cf. F. apophyge.] (Arch.)
The small hollow curvature given to the top or bottom of the
shaft of a column where it expands to meet the edge of the
fillet; -- called also the scape.
Parker.
A*poph"yl*lite (#), n. [Pref.
apo- + Gr. / leaf; so called from its foliated
structure or easy cleavage.] (Min.) A
mineral relating to the zeolites, usually occurring in square
prisms or octahedrons with pearly luster on the cleavage surface.
It is a hydrous silicate of calcium and potassium.
\'d8A*poph"y*sis (#), n.;
pl. -ses. [NL., fr. Gr. / offshoot,
process of a bone, fr. / to grow from; / from + /, /, to
grow.] 1. (Anat.) A marked
prominence or process on any part of a bone.
2. (Bot.) An enlargement at the top of a
pedicel or stem, as seen in certain mosses.
Gray.
{ Ap`o*plec"tic (#)(#)
Ap`o*plec"tic*al (#), } a.
[L. apoplecticus, Gr. /, fr. /: cf. F.
apoplectique. See Apoplexy.]
Relating to apoplexy; affected with, inclined to, or
symptomatic of, apoplexy; as, an apoplectic person,
medicine, habit or temperament, symptom, fit, or
stroke.
Ap`o*plec"tic, n. One liable to, or
affected with, apoplexy.
Ap`o*plec"ti*form (#),
Ap`o*plec"toid (#), a.
[Apoplectic + -form,
-oid.] Resembling apoplexy.
Ap"o*plex (#), n.
Apoplexy. [Obs.]
Dryden.
Ap`o*plexed, a. Affected with
apoplexy. [Obs.]
Shak.
<-- p. 70 -->
Ap"o*plex`y (#), n. [OE.
poplexye, LL. poplexia,
apoplexia, fr. Gr. /, fr. / to cripple by a
stroke; / from + / to strike: cf. F. apoplexie.
See Plague.] (Med.) Sudden
diminution or loss of consciousness, sensation, and voluntary
motion, usually caused by pressure on the brain.
cerebral
apoplexy, or loss of consciousness due to effusion of blood
or other lesion within the substance of the brain; but it is
sometimes extended to denote an effusion of blood into the
substance of any organ; as, apoplexy of the
lung.
Ap`o*ret"ic*al (#), a. [Gr.
/. See Aporia.] Doubting; skeptical.
[Obs.]
Cudworth.
\'d8A*po"ri*a (#), n.; pl.
Aporias (#). [L., doubt, Gr. /,
fr. / without passage, at a loss; / priv. + /
passage.] (Rhet.) A figure in which the
speaker professes to be at a loss what course to pursue, where to
begin to end, what to say, etc.
\'d8Ap`o*ro"sa (#), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. /. See Aporia.]
(Zo\'94l.) A group of corals in which the coral
is not porous; -- opposed to Perforata.
Ap`o*rose" (#), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Without pores.
A*port" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- + port.] (Naut.)
On or towards the port or left side; -- said of the
helm.
\'d8Ap`o*si`o*pe"sis (?; 277), n.
[L., fr. Gr. /, from / to be quite silent.]
(Rhet.) A figure of speech in which the speaker
breaks off suddenly, as if unwilling or unable to state what was
in his mind; as, \'bdI declare to you that his conduct -- but
I can not speak of that, here.\'b8
Ap`o*sit"ic, a. [Gr. /; / from + /
food.] (Med.) Destroying the appetite, or
suspending hunger.
A*pos"ta*sy (#), n.; pl.
Apostasies (#). [OE.
apostasie, F. apostasie, L.
apostasia, fr. Gr. / a standing off from, a
defection, fr. / to stand off, revolt; / from + / to stand.
See Off and Stand.] An abandonment
of what one has voluntarily professed; a total desertion of
departure from one's faith, principles, or party; esp., the
renunciation of a religious faith; as, Julian's
apostasy from Christianity.
A*pos"tate (#), n. [L.
apostata, Gr. /, fr. /. See
Apostasy.] 1. One who has forsaken
the faith, principles, or party, to which he before adhered;
esp., one who has forsaken his religion for another; a pervert; a
renegade.
2. (R. C. Ch.) One who, after having
received sacred orders, renounces his clerical profession.
A*pos"tate, a. Pertaining to, or
characterized by, apostasy; faithless to moral allegiance;
renegade.
So spake the apostate angel.
Milton.
A wretched and apostate state.
Steele.
A*pos"tate, v. i. [L.
apostatare.] To apostatize.
[Obs.]
We are not of them which apostate from Christ.
Bp. Hall.
Ap`o*stat"ic (#), a. [L.
apostaticus, Gr. /.] Apostatical.
[R.]
Ap`o*stat"ic*al (#), a.
Apostate.
An heretical and apostatical church.
Bp. Hall.
A*pos"ta*tize (#), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Apostatized
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Apostatizing.] [LL.
apostatizare.] To renounce totally a
religious belief once professed; to forsake one's church, the
faith or principles once held, or the party to which one has
previously adhered.
He apostatized from his old faith in facts, took to
believing in /emblances.
Carlyle.
A*pos"te*mate (#), v. i. [See
Aposteme.] To form an abscess; to swell and
fill with pus.
Wiseman.
A*pos`te*ma"tion (#), n. [LL.
apostematio: cf. F. apost\'82mation.]
(Med.) The formation of an aposteme; the process
of suppuration. [Written corruptly
imposthumation.]
Wiseman.
Ap`os*tem"a*tous (#), a.
Pertaining to, or partaking of the nature of, an
aposteme.
Ap"os*teme (#), n. [L.
apostema, Gr. / the separation of corrupt matter
into an ulcer, fr. / to stand off: cf. F.
apost\'8ame. See Apostasy.]
(Med.) An abscess; a swelling filled with
purulent matter. [Written corruptly
imposthume.]
\'d8A` pos*te`ri*o"ri (#). [L.
a (ab) + posterior
latter.] 1. (Logic) Characterizing
that kind of reasoning which derives propositions from the
observation of facts, or by generalizations from facts arrives at
principles and definitions, or infers causes from effects. This
is the reverse of a priori reasoning.
2. (Philos.) Applied to knowledge which
is based upon or derived from facts through induction or
experiment; inductive or empirical.
{ A*pos"til (#), A*pos"tille
(#), } n. [F.
apostille. See Postil.] A marginal
note on a letter or other paper; an annotation.
Motley.
A*pos"tle (#), n. [OE.
apostle, apostel, postle, AS.
apostol, L. apostolus, fr. Gr. /
messenger, one sent forth or away, fr. / to send off or away;
/ from + / to send; akin to G. stellen to set, E.
stall: cf. F. ap\'93tre, Of.
apostre, apostle, apostele,
apostole.] 1. Literally: One sent
forth; a messenger. Specifically: One of the twelve disciples of
Christ, specially chosen as his companions and witnesses, and
sent forth to preach the gospel.
He called unto him his disciples, and of them he chose twelve,
whom also he named apostles.
Luke vi. 13.
apostle is also applied to
others, who, though not of the number of the Twelve, yet were
equal with them in office and dignity; as, \'bdPaul, called to be
an apostle of Jesus Christ.\'b8 1 Cor. i. 1.
In Heb. iii. 1, the name is given to Christ himself, as
having been sent from heaven to publish the gospel. In the
primitive church, other ministers were called apostles
(Rom. xvi. 7).
2. The missionary who first plants the Christian
faith in any part of the world; also, one who initiates any great
moral reform, or first advocates any important belief; one who
has extraordinary success as a missionary or reformer; as,
Dionysius of Corinth is called the apostle of France,
John Eliot the apostle to the Indians, Theobald Mathew
the apostle of temperance.
3. (Civ. & Admiralty Law) A brief letter
dimissory sent by a court appealed from to the superior court,
stating the case, etc.; a paper sent up on appeals in the
admiralty courts.
Wharton. Burrill.
Apostles' creed, a creed of unknown origin,
which was formerly ascribed to the apostles. It certainly dates
back to the beginning of the sixth century, and some assert that
it can be found in the writings of Ambrose in the fourth
century. -- Apostle spoon (Antiq.),
a spoon of silver, with the handle terminating in the figure
of an apostle. One or more were offered by sponsors at baptism as
a present to the godchild.
B. Jonson.
A*pos"tle*ship (#), n. The
office or dignity of an apostle.
A*pos"to*late (#), n. [L.
apostolatus, fr. apostolus. See
Apostle.] 1. The dignity, office, or
mission, of an apostle; apostleship.
Judas had miscarried and lost his apostolate.
Jer. Taylor.
2. The dignity or office of the pope, as the holder
of the apostolic see.
{ Ap`os*tol"ic (#),
Ap`os*tol"ic*al (#), } a.
[L. apostolicus, Gr. /: cf. F.
apostolique.] 1. Pertaining to an
apostle, or to the apostles, their times, or their peculiar
spirit; as, an apostolical mission; the
apostolic age.
2. According to the doctrines of the apostles;
delivered or taught by the apostles; as, apostolic
faith or practice.
3. Of or pertaining to the pope or the papacy;
papal.
Apostolical brief. See under
Brief. -- Apostolic canons, a
collection of rules and precepts relating to the duty of
Christians, and particularly to the ceremonies and discipline of
the church in the second and third centuries. --
Apostolic church, the Christian church; -- so
called on account of its apostolic foundation, doctrine, and
order. The churches of Rome, Alexandria, Antioch, and Jerusalem
were called apostolic churches. -- Apostolic
constitutions, directions of a nature similar to the
apostolic canons, and perhaps compiled by the same
authors or author. -- Apostolic fathers,
early Christian writers, who were born in the first century,
and thus touched on the age of the apostles. They were Polycarp,
Clement, Ignatius, and Hermas; to these Barnabas has sometimes
been added. -- Apostolic king (or
majesty), a title granted by the pope to
the kings of Hungary on account of the extensive propagation of
Christianity by St. Stephen, the founder of the royal line. It is
now a title of the emperor of Austria in right of the throne of
Hungary. -- Apostolic see, a see founded and
governed by an apostle; specifically, the Church of Rome; -- so
called because, in the Roman Catholic belief, the pope is the
successor of St. Peter, the prince of the apostles, and the only
apostle who has successors in the apostolic office. --
Apostolical succession, the regular and
uninterrupted transmission of ministerial authority by a
succession of bishops from the apostles to any subsequent
period. Hook.
Ap`os*tol"ic, n. [L.
apostolicus.] (Eccl. Hist.) A
member of one of certain ascetic sects which at various times
professed to imitate the practice of the apostles.
Ap`os*tol"ic*al*ly, adv. In an apostolic
manner.
Ap`os*tol"ic*al*ness, n.
Apostolicity.
Dr. H. More.
{ Ap`os*tol"i*cism (#),
A*pos`to*lic"i*ty (#), } n.
The state or quality of being apostolical.
A*pos"tro*phe (#), n. [(1) L.,
fr. Gr. / a turning away, fr. / to turn away; / from + /
to turn. (2) F., fr. L. apostrophus apostrophe, the
turning away or omitting of a letter, Gr. /.] 1.
(Rhet.) A figure of speech by which the orator or
writer suddenly breaks off from the previous method of his
discourse, and addresses, in the second person, some person or
thing, absent or present; as, Milton's apostrophe to
Light at the beginning of the third book of \'bdParadise
Lost.\'b8
2. (Gram.) The contraction of a word by
the omission of a letter or letters, which omission is marked by
the character ['] placed where the letter or letters would have
been; as, call'd for called.
3. The mark ['] used to denote that a word is
contracted (as in ne'er for never, can't
for can not), and as sign of the possessive, singular and plural;
as, a boy's hat, boys' hats. In the latter use it
originally marked the omission of the letter e.
The apostrophe is used to mark the plural of figures and
letters; as, two 10's and three a's. It is also employed to mark
the close of a quotation.
Ap`os*troph"ic (#), a.
Pertaining to an apostrophe, grammatical or
rhetorical.
A*pos"tro*phize (#), v. t.,
[imp. & p. p. Apostrophized
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Apostrophizing.] 1. To address by
apostrophe.
2. To contract by omitting a letter or letters;
also, to mark with an apostrophe (') or apostrophes.
A*pos"tro*phize, v. i. To use the
rhetorical figure called apostrophe.
Ap"os*tume (#), n. See
Aposteme. [Obs.]
Ap`o*tac"tite (#), n. [LL. pl.
apotactitae, Gr. /, fr. / set apart; / from +
/ to arrange, ordain.] (Eccl. Hist.) One
of a sect of ancient Christians, who, in supposed imitation of
the first believers, renounced all their possessions.
A*pot"e*lesm (#), n. [See
Apotelesmatic.] 1. The result or
issue. [Obs.]
2. (Astrol.) The calculation and
explanation of a nativity. [Obs.]
Bailey.
Ap`o*tel`es*mat"ic (#), a. [Gr.
/, fr. / effect of the stars on human destiny, fr. / to
complete; / from + / to end, / end.] 1.
Relating to the casting of horoscopes.
[Archaic]
Whewell.
2. Relating to an issue of fulfillment.
In this way a passage in the Old Testament may have, or rather
comprise, an apotelesmatic sense, i. e.,
one of after or final accomplishment.
M. Stuart.
A*poth"e*ca*ry (#), n.; pl.
Apothecaries. [OE. apotecarie,
fr. LL. apothecarius, fr. L. apotheca
storehouse, Gr. apo, fr. / to put away; / from +
/ to put: cf. F. apothicaire, OF.
apotecaire. See Thesis.] One who
prepares and sells drugs or compounds for medicinal
purposes.
Apothecaries' weight, the system of weights by
which medical prescriptions were formerly compounded. The pound
and ounce are the same as in Troy weight; they differ only in the
manner of subdivision. The ounce is divided into 8 drams, 24
scruples, 480 grains. See Troy weight.
\'d8Apo`*the"ci*um, n.; pl.
Apothecia (#). [NL.]
(Bot.) The ascigerous fructification of lichens,
forming masses of various shapes.
{ Ap"o*thegm, Ap"oph*thegm }
(#), n. [Gr. / thing uttered,
apothegm, from / to speak out; / from + / to speak.]
A short, pithy, and instructive saying; a terse remark,
conveying some important truth; a sententious precept or
maxim. [Apothegm is now the prevalent
spelling in the United States.]
{ Ap`o*theg*mat"ic (#),
Ap`o*theg*mat"ic*al (#), } a.
[Gr. /.] Pertaining to, or in the manner of, an
apotghem; sententious; pithy.
Ap`o*theg"ma*tist (#), n. A
collector or maker of apothegms.
Pope.
Ap`o*theg"ma*tize (#), v. i. To
utter apothegms, or short and sententious sayings.
Ap"o*them (#), n. [Gr. / +
/ that which is placed, / to place.] 1.
(Math.) The perpendicular from the center to one
of the sides of a regular polygon.
2. A deposit formed in a liquid extract of a
vegetable substance by exposure to the air.
Ap`o*the"o*sis (?; 277), n. pl.
Apotheoses (#). [L., fr. Gr. /, fr.
/ to deify; / from + / to deify, / a god.]
1. The act of elevating a mortal to the rank of,
and placing him among, \'bdthe gods;\'b8 deification.
2. Glorification; exaltation. \'bdThe
apotheosis of chivalry.\'b8 Prescott. \'bdThe
noisy apotheosis of liberty and machinery.\'b8 F.
Harrison.
Ap`o*the"o*size (#), v. t. To
exalt to the dignity of a deity; to declare to be a god; to
deify; to glorify.
\'d8A*poth"e*sis (#), n. [Gr.
/ a putting back or away, fr. /. See
Apothecary.] (Arch.) (a)
A place on the south side of the chancel in the primitive
churches, furnished with shelves, for books, vestments,
etc. Weale. (b) A dressing room
connected with a public bath.
\'d8A*pot"o*me (#), n. [Gr. /
a cutting off, fr. / to cut off; / from + / to cut.]
1. (Math.) The difference between two
quantities commensurable only in power, as between
2. (Mus) The remaining part of a whole
tone after a smaller semitone has been deducted from it; a major
semitone. [Obs.]
Ap"o*zem (#), n. [L.
apozema, Gr. /, fr. / to extract by boiling; /
from + / boil.] (Med.) A decoction or
infusion. [Obs.]
Wiseman.
Ap`o*zem"ic*al (#), a.
Pertaining to, or resembling, a decoction.
[Obs.]
J. Whitaker.
Ap*pair" (#), v. t. & i. [OF.
empeirier, F. empire. See
Impair.] To impair; to grow worse.
[Obs.]
Ap`pa*la"chi*an (#), a. Of or
pertaining to a chain of mountains in the United States, commonly
called the Allegheny mountains.
Appalachian was given to the
mountains by the Spaniards under De Soto, who derived it from the
heighboring Indians.
Am. Cyc.
Ap*pall" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Appalled
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Appalling.] [OF. appalir to
grow pale, make pale; a (L. ad) +
p\'83lir to grow pale, to make pale,
p\'83le pale. See Pale, a., and cf.
Pall.] 1. To make pale; to
blanch. [Obs.]
The answer that ye made to me, my dear, . . .
Hath so appalled my countenance.
Wyatt.
2. To weaken; to enfeeble; to reduce; as, an
old appalled wight. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Whine, of its own nature, will not congeal and freeze, only it
will lose the strength, and become appalled in
extremity of cold.
Holland.
3. To depress or discourage with fear; to impress
with fear in such a manner that the mind shrinks, or loses its
firmness; to overcome with sudden terror or horror; to dismay;
as, the sight appalled the stoutest
heart.
The house of peers was somewhat appalled at this
alarum.
Clarendon.
Syn. -- To dismay; terrify; daunt; frighten; affright;
scare; depress. See Dismay.
Ap*pall", v. i. 1. To grow
faint; to become weak; to become dismayed or discouraged.
[Obs.]
Gower.
2. To lose flavor or become stale.
[Obs.]
Ap*pall", n. Terror; dismay.
[Poet.]
Cowper.
Ap*pall"ing, a. Such as to appall;
as, an appalling accident. --
Ap*pall"ing*ly, adv.
Ap*pall"ment (#), n. Depression
occasioned by terror; dismay. [Obs.]
Bacon.
Ap"pa*nage (#), n. [F.
apanage, fr. OF. apaner to nourish,
support, fr. LL. apanare to furnish with bread, to
provision; L. ad + pains bread.] 1.
The portion of land assigned by a sovereign prince for the
subsistence of his younger sons.
2. A dependency; a dependent territory.
<-- p. 71 -->
3. That which belongs to one by custom or right; a
natural adjunct or accompaniment. \'bdWealth . . . the
appanage of wit.\'b8
Swift.
Ap*pan"a*gist (#), n. [F.
apanagiste.] A prince to whom an appanage
has been granted.
Ap*par"ail*lyng (#), n. [See
Apparel, n. & v.]
Preparation. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Ap"pa*ratus (#), n.; pl.
Apparatus, also rarely Apparatuses
(#). [L., from apparare,
apparatum, to prepare; ad +
prepare to make ready.] 1. Things
provided as means to some end.
2. Hence: A full collection or set of implements,
or utensils, for a given duty, experimental or operative; any
complex instrument or appliance, mechanical or chemical, for a
specific action or operation; machinery; mechanism.
3. (Physiol.) A collection of organs all
of which unite in a common function; as, the respiratory
apparatus.
Ap*par"el (#), n. [OE.
apparel, apareil, OF. apareil,
appareil, preparation, provision, furniture, OF.
apareiller to match, prepare, F.
appareiller; OF. a (L. ad) +
pareil like, similar, fr. LL. pariculus,
dim. of L. par equal. See Pair.]
1. External clothing; vesture; garments; dress;
garb; external habiliments or array.
Fresh in his new apparel, proud and young.
Denham.
At public devotion his resigned carriage made religion appear
in the natural apparel of simplicity.
Tatler.
2. A small ornamental piece of embroidery worn on
albs and some other ecclesiastical vestments.
3. (Naut.) The furniture of a ship, as
masts, sails, rigging, anchors, guns, etc.
Syn. -- Dress; clothing; vesture; garments; raiment; garb;
costume; attire; habiliments.
Ap*par"el, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Appareled, or Apparelled (#);
p. pr. & vb. n. Appareling, or
Apparelling.] [OF.
apareiller.] 1. To make or get
(something) ready; to prepare. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
2. To furnish with apparatus; to equip; to fit
out.
Ships . . . appareled to fight.
Hayward.
3. To dress or clothe; to attire.
They which are gorgeously appareled, and live
delicately, are in kings' courts.
Luke vii. 25.
4. To dress with external ornaments; to cover with
something ornamental; to deck; to embellish; as, trees
appareled with flowers, or a garden with
verdure.
Appareled in celestial light.
Wordsworth.
Ap*par"ence (#), n. [OF.
aparence.] Appearance.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Ap*par"en*cy (#), n. 1.
Appearance. [Obs.]
2. Apparentness; state of being apparent.
Coleridge.
3. The position of being heir apparent.
Ap*par"ent (#), a. [F.
apparent, L. apparens, -entis,
p. pr. of apparere. See Appear.]
1. Capable of being seen, or easily seen; open to
view; visible to the eye; within sight or view.
The moon . . . apparent queen.
Milton.
2. Clear or manifest to the understanding; plain;
evident; obvious; known; palpable; indubitable.
It is apparent foul play.
Shak.
3. Appearing to the eye or mind (distinguished
from, but not necessarily opposed to, true or
real); seeming; as the apparent motion or
diameter of the sun.
To live on terms of civility, and even of apparent
friendship.
Macaulay.
What Berkeley calls visible magnitude was by astronomers
called apparent magnitude.
Reid.
Apparent horizon, the circle which in a level
plain bounds our view, and is formed by the apparent meeting of
the earth and heavens, as distinguished from the
rational horizon. -- Apparent time.
See Time. -- Heir apparent
(Law), one whose to an estate is indefeasible if
he survives the ancestor; -- in distinction from presumptive
heir. See Presumptive.
Syn. -- Visible; distinct; plain; obvious; clear; certain;
evident; manifest; indubitable; notorious.
Ap*par"ent, n. An heir apparent.
[Obs.]
I'll draw it [the sword] as apparent to the
crown.
Shak.
Ap*par"ent*ly, adv. 1.
Visibly. [Obs.]
Hobbes.
2. Plainly; clearly; manifestly; evidently.
If he should scorn me so apparently.
Shak.
3. Seemingly; in appearance; as, a man may be
apparently friendly, yet malicious in heart.
Ap*par"ent*ness, n. Plainness to the eye
or the mind; visibleness; obviousness. [R.]
Sherwood.
Ap`pa*ri"tion (#), n. [F.
apparition, L. apparitio, fr.
apparere. See Appear.] 1.
The act of becoming visible; appearance; visibility.
Milton.
The sudden apparition of the Spaniards.
Prescott.
The apparition of Lawyer Clippurse occasioned much
speculation in that portion of the world.
Sir W. Scott.
2. The thing appearing; a visible object; a
form.
Which apparition, it seems, was you.
Tatler.
3. An unexpected, wonderful, or preternatural
appearance; a ghost; a specter; a phantom. \'bdThe heavenly
bands . . . a glorious apparition.\'b8
Milton.
I think it is the weakness of mine eyes
That shapes this monstrous apparition.
Shak.
4. (Astron.) The first appearance of a
star or other luminary after having been invisible or obscured;
-- opposed to occultation.
Circle of perpetual apparition. See under
Circle.
Ap`pa*ri"tion*al (#), a.
Pertaining to an apparition or to apparitions;
spectral. \'bdAn apparitional soul.\'b8
Tylor.
Ap*par"i*tor (#), n. [L., fr.
apparere. See Appear.] 1.
Formerly, an officer who attended magistrates and judges to
execute their orders.
Before any of his apparitors could execute the
sentence, he was himself summoned away by a sterner
apparitor to the other world.
De Quincey.
2. (Law) A messenger or officer who
serves the process of an ecclesiastical court.
Bouvier.
\'d8Ap`pau`m\'82" (#), n. [F.
appaum\'82; / (l. ad) +
paume the palm, fr. L. palma.]
(Her.) A hand open and extended so as to show the
palm.
Ap*pay" (#), v. t. [OF.
appayer, apaier, LL. appacare,
appagare, fr. L. ad + pacare to pacify,
pax, pacis, peace. See Pay,
Appease.] To pay; to satisfy or
appease. [Obs.]
Sir P. Sidney.
Ap*peach" (#), v. t. [OE.
apechen, for empechen, OF.
empeechier, F. emp\'88cher, to hinder. See
Impeach.] To impeach; to accuse; to asperse;
to inform against; to reproach. [Obs.]
And oft of error did himself appeach.
Spenser.
Ap*peach"er, n. An accuser.
[Obs.]
Raleigh.
Ap*peach"ment (#), n.
Accusation. [Obs.]
Ap*peal" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Appealed
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Appealing.] [OE. appelen,
apelen, to appeal, accuse, OF. appeler, fr.
L. appellare to approach, address, invoke, summon,
call, name; akin to appellere to drive to; ad +
pellere to drive. See Pulse, and cf.
Peal.] 1. (Law) (a)
To make application for the removal of (a cause) from an
inferior to a superior judge or court for a rehearing or review
on account of alleged injustice or illegality in the trial below.
We say, the cause was appealed from an inferior
court. (b) To charge with a crime; to accuse;
to institute a private criminal prosecution against for some
heinous crime; as, to appeal a person of
felony.
2. To summon; to challenge.
[Archaic]
Man to man will I appeal the Norman to the
lists.
Sir W. Scott.
3. To invoke. [Obs.]
Milton.
Ap*peal", v. t. 1. (Law)
To apply for the removal of a cause from an inferior to a
superior judge or court for the purpose of re\'89xamination of
for decision.
Tomlins.
I appeal unto C\'91sar.
Acts xxv. 11.
2. To call upon another to decide a question
controverted, to corroborate a statement, to vindicate one's
rights, etc.; as, I appeal to all mankind for the
truth of what is alleged. Hence: To call on one for aid; to
make earnest request.
I appeal to the Scriptures in the original.
Horsley.
They appealed to the sword.
Macaulay.
Ap*peal", n. [OE. appel,
apel, OF. apel, F. appel, fr.
appeler. See Appeal, v. t.]
1. (Law) (a) An application for
the removal of a cause or suit from an inferior to a superior
judge or court for re\'89xamination or review. (b)
The mode of proceeding by which such removal is
effected. (c) The right of appeal.
(d) An accusation; a process which formerly might
be instituted by one private person against another for some
heinous crime demanding punishment for the particular injury
suffered, rather than for the offense against the public.
(e) An accusation of a felon at common law by one
of his accomplices, which accomplice was then called an
approver. See Approvement.
Tomlins. Bouvier.
2. A summons to answer to a charge.
Dryden.
3. A call upon a person or an authority for proof
or decision, in one's favor; reference to another as witness; a
call for help or a favor; entreaty.
A kind of appeal to the Deity, the author of
wonders.
Bacon.
4. Resort to physical means; recourse.
Every milder method is to be tried, before a nation makes an
appeal to arms.
Kent.
Ap*peal"a*ble (#), a. 1.
Capable of being appealed against; that may be removed to a
higher tribunal for decision; as, the cause is
appealable.
2. That may be accused or called to answer by
appeal; as, a criminal is appealable for
manslaughter. [Obs.]
Ap*peal"ant (#), n. An
appellant. [Obs.]
Shak.
Ap*peal"er (#), n. One who
makes an appeal.
Ap*peal"ing, a. That appeals; imploring.
-- Ap*peal"*ing*ly, adv. --
Ap*peal"ing*ness, n.
Ap*pear" (#), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Appeared
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Appearing.] [OE. apperen,
aperen, OF. aparoir, F.
apparoir, fr. L. appar/re to appear +
par/reto come forth, to be visible; prob. from the
same root as par/re to produce. Cf.
Apparent, Parent, Peer, v.
i.] 1. To come or be in sight; to be in
view; to become visible.
And God . . . said, Let . . . the dry land
appear.
Gen. i. 9.
2. To come before the public; as, a great
writer appeared at that time.
3. To stand in presence of some authority,
tribunal, or superior person, to answer a charge, plead a cause,
or the like; to present one's self as a party or advocate before
a court, or as a person to be tried.
We must all appear before the judgment seat.
\'b5 Cor. v. 10.
One ruffian escaped because no prosecutor dared to
appear.
Macaulay.
4. To become visible to the apprehension of the
mind; to be known as a subject of observation or comprehension,
or as a thing proved; to be obvious or manifest.
It doth not yet appear what we shall be.
1 John iii. 2.
Of their vain contest appeared no end.
Milton.
5. To seem; to have a certain semblance; to
look.
They disfigure their faces, that they may appear
unto men to fast.
Matt. vi. 16.
Syn. -- To seem; look. See Seem.
Ap*pear", n. Appearance.
[Obs.]
J. Fletcher.
Ap*pear"ance (#), n. [F.
apparence, L. apparentia, fr.
apparere. See Appear.] 1.
The act of appearing or coming into sight; the act of
becoming visible to the eye; as, his sudden
appearance surprised me.
2. A thing seed; a phenomenon; a phase; an
apparition; as, an appearance in the sky.
3. Personal presence; exhibition of the person;
look; aspect; mien.
And now am come to see . . .
It thy appearance answer loud report.
Milton.
4. Semblance, or apparent likeness; external show.
pl. Outward signs, or circumstances, fitted to make
a particular impression or to determine the judgment as to the
character of a person or a thing, an act or a state; as,
appearances are against him.
There was upon the tabernacle, as it were, the
appearance of fire.
Num. ix. 15.
For man looketh on the outward appearance.
1 Sam. xvi. 7.
Judge not according to the appearance.
John. vii. 24.
5. The act of appearing in a particular place, or
in society, a company, or any proceedings; a coming before the
public in a particular character; as, a person makes his
appearance as an historian, an artist, or an
orator.
Will he now retire,
After appearance, and again prolong
Our expectation?
Milton.
6. Probability; likelihood.
[Obs.]
There is that which hath no appearance.
Bacon.
7. (Law) The coming into court of either
of the parties; the being present in court; the coming into court
of a party summoned in an action, either by himself or by his
attorney, expressed by a formal entry by the proper officer to
that effect; the act or proceeding by which a party proceeded
against places himself before the court, and submits to its
jurisdiction.
Burrill. Bouvier. Daniell.
To put in an appearance, to be present; to
appear in person. -- To save appearances, to
preserve a fair outward show.
Syn. -- Coming; arrival; presence; semblance; pretense; air;
look; manner; mien; figure; aspect.
Ap*pear"er (#), n. One who
appears.
Sir T. Browne.
Ap*pear"ing*ly, adv. Apparently.
[Obs.]
Bp. Hall.
Ap*peas"a*ble (#), a. Capable
of being appeased or pacified; placable. --
Ap*peas"a*ble*ness, n.
Ap*pease" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Appealed
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Appeasing.] [OE. apesen,
apaisen, OF. apaisier,
apaissier, F. apaiser, fr. a (L.
ad) + OF. pais peace, F. paix,
fr. L. pax, pacis. See
Peace.] To make quiet; to calm; to reduce to
a state of peace; to still; to pacify; to dispel (anger or
hatred); as, to appease the tumult of the ocean, or
of the passions; to appease hunger or thirst.
Syn. -- To pacify; quiet; conciliate; propitiate; assuage;
compose; calm; allay; hush; soothe; tranquilize.
Ap*pease"ment (#), n. The act
of appeasing, or the state of being appeased; pacification.
Hayward.
Ap*peas"er (#), n. One who
appeases; a pacifier.
Ap*pea"sive (#), a. Tending to
appease.
Ap*pel"la*ble (#), a.
Appealable.
Ap*pel"lan*cy (#), n.
Capability of appeal.
Ap*pel"lant (#), a. [L.
appellans, p. pr. of appellare; cf. F.
appelant. See Appeal.] Relating to
an appeal; appellate. \'bdAn appellant
jurisdiction.\'b8
Hallam.
Party appellant (Law), the party
who appeals; appellant; -- opposed to respondent, or
appellee.
Tomlins.
Ap*pel"lant, n. 1. (Law)
(a) One who accuses another of felony or
treason. [Obs.] (b) One who
appeals, or asks for a rehearing or review of a cause by a higher
tribunal.
2. A challenger. [Obs.]
Milton.
3. (Eccl. Hist.) One who appealed to a
general council against the bull Unigenitus.
4. One who appeals or entreats.
Ap*pel"late (#), a. [L.
appelatus, p. p. of appellare.]
Pertaining to, or taking cognizance of, appeals.
\'bdAppellate jurisdiction.\'b8 Blackstone.
\'bdAppellate judges.\'b8
Burke.
Appelate court, a court having cognizance of
appeals.
Ap*pel"late, n. A person or prosecuted
for a crime. [Obs.] See Appellee.
Ap`pel*la"tion (#), n. [L.
appellatio, fr. appellare: cf. F.
appellation. See Appeal.] 1.
The act of appealing; appeal. [Obs.]
Spenser.
2. The act of calling by a name.
3. The word by which a particular person or thing
is called and known; name; title; designation.
They must institute some persons under the
appellation of magistrates.
Hume.
Syn. -- See Name.
Ap*pel"la*tive (#), a. [L.
appellativus, fr. appellare: cf. F.
appelatif. See Appeal.] 1.
Pertaining to a common name; serving as a distinctive
denomination; denominative; naming.
Cudworth.
2. (gram.) Common, as opposed to
proper; denominative of a class.
Ap*pel"la*tive, n. [L.
appelativum, sc. nomen.] 1.
A common name, distinction from a proper name. A common
name, or appellative, stands for a whole class, genus,
or species of beings, or for universal ideas. Thus,
tree is the name of all plants of a particular class;
plant and vegetable are names of things
that grow out of the earth. A proper name, on the other hand,
stands for a single thing; as, Rome,
Washington, Lake Erie.
2. An appellation or title; a descriptive
name.
God chosen it for one of his appellatives to be the
Defender of them.
Jer. Taylor.
Ap*pel"la*tive*ly, adv. After the manner
of nouns appellative; in a manner to express whole classes or
species; as, Hercules is sometimes used
appellatively, that is, as a common name, to signify a
strong man.
Ap*pel"la*tive*ness, n. The quality of
being appellative.
Fuller.
Ap*pel"la*tory (#), a. [L.
appellatorius, fr. appellare.]
Containing an appeal.
An appellatory libel ought to contain the name of
the party appellant.
Ayliffe.
Ap`pel*lee", n. [F.
appel\'82, p. p. of appeler, fr. L.
appellare.] (Law) (a)
The defendant in an appeal; -- opposed to
appellant. (b) The person who
is appealed against, or accused of crime; -- opposed to
appellor.
Blackstone.
<-- p. 72 -->
Ap`pel*lor (#), n. [OF.
apeleur, fr. L. appellator, fr.
appellare.] (Law) (a)
The person who institutes an appeal, or prosecutes another
for a crime. Blackstone. (b) One who
confesses a felony committed and accuses his accomplices.
Blount. Burrill.
appellant. Appellee is opposed both to
appellant and appellor.
Ap"pen*age, n. See
Appanage.
Ap*pend" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Appended; p.
pr. & vb. n. Appending.] [L.
appendere or F. appendre: cf. OE.
appenden, apenden, to belong, OF.
apendre, F. appendre, fr. L.
append/re, v. i., to hang to,
append/re, v. t., to hang to; ad +
pend/re, v. i., to hang, pend/re, v. t., to
hang. See Pendant.] 1. To hang or
attach to, as by a string, so that the thing is suspended;
as, a seal appended to a record; the inscription was
appended to the column.
2. To add, as an accessory to the principal thing;
to annex; as, notes appended to this
chapter.
A further purpose appended to the primary one.
I. Taylor.
Ap*pend"age, n. 1. Something
appended to, or accompanying, a principal or greater thing,
though not necessary to it, as a portico to a house.
Modesty is the appendage of sobriety.
Jer. Taylor.
2. (Biol.) A subordinate or subsidiary
part or organ; an external organ or limb, esp. of the
articulates.
Antenn\'91 and other appendages used for
feeling.
Carpenter.
Syn. -- Addition; adjunct; concomitant.
Ap*pend"aged, a. Furnished with, or
supplemented by, an appendage.
Ap*pend"ance, n. [F.]
Something appendant.
Ap*pend"ant, a. [F.
appendant, p. pr. of appendre. See
Append, v. t.] 1.
Hanging; annexed; adjunct; concomitant; as, a seal
appendant to a paper.
As they have transmitted the benefit to us, it is but
reasonable we should suffer the appendant
calamity.
Jer. Taylor.
2. (Law) Appended by prescription, that
is, a personal usage for a considerable time; -- said of a thing
of inheritance belonging to another inheritance which is superior
or more worthy; as, an advowson, common, etc. , which
may be appendant to a manor, common of fishing to a
freehold, a seat in church to a house.
Wharton. Coke.
Ap*pend"ant, n. 1. Anything
attached to another as incidental or subordinate to it.
2. (Law) A inheritance annexed by
prescription to a superior inheritance.
{ Ap*pend"ence (#), Ap*pend"en*cy
(#), } n. State of being
appendant; appendance. [Obs.]
Ap*pend"i*cal (#), a. Of or
like an appendix.
Ap*pend"i*cate (#), v. t. To
append. [Obs.]
Ap*pend`i*ca"tion (#), n. An
appendage. [Obs.]
Ap*pend`i*ci"tis (#), n.
(Med.) Inflammation of the vermiform
appendix.
Ap*pend"i*cle (#), n. [L.
appendicula, dim. of. appendix.]
A small appendage.
Ap`pen*dic"u*lar (#), a.
Relating to an appendicle; appendiculate.
[R.]
\'d8Ap`pen*dic`u*la"ri*a (#), n.
[NL.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of small
free-swimming Tunicata, shaped somewhat like a tadpole, and
remarkable for resemblances to the larv\'91 of other Tunicata. It
is the type of the order Copelata or Larvalia. See
Illustration in Appendix.
\'d8Ap`pen*dic`u*la"ta (#), n. pl.
[NL.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of annelids;
the Polych
Ap`pen*dic"u*late (#), a. [See
Appendicle.] Having small appendages; forming
an appendage.
Appendiculate leaf, a small appended
leaf.
Withering.
Ap*pen"dix (#), n.; pl. E.
Appendixes (#), L. Appendices
(#)(#). [L. appendix, -dicis,
fr. appendere. See Append.] 1.
Something appended or added; an appendage, adjunct, or
concomitant.
Normandy became an appendix to England.
Sir M. Hale.
2. Any literary matter added to a book, but not
necessarily essential to its completeness, and thus distinguished
from supplement, which is intended to supply
deficiencies and correct inaccuracies.
Syn. -- See Supplement.
Ap*pen"sion (#), n. The act of
appending. [Obs.]
Ap`per*ceive" (#), v. t. [F.
apercevoir, fr. L. ad + percipere,
perceptum, to perceive. See Perceive.]
To perceive; to comprehend.
Chaucer.
Ap`per*cep"tion (#), n. [Pref.
ad- + perception: cf. F.
apperception.] (Metaph.) The
mind's perception of itself as the subject or actor in its own
states; perception that reflects upon itself; sometimes,
intensified or energetic perception.
Leibnitz. Reid.
This feeling has been called by philosophers the
apperception or consciousness of our own
existence.
Sir W. Hamilton.
Ap*per"il (#), n. Peril.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Ap`per*tain" (#), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Appertained
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Appertaining.] [OE.
apperteinen, apertenen, OF.
apartenir, F. appartenir, fr. L.
appertinere; ad + pertinere to reach to,
belong. See Pertain.] To belong or pertain,
whether by right, nature, appointment, or custom; to
relate.
Things appertaining to this life.
Hooker.
Give it unto him to whom it appertaineth.
Lev. vi. 5.
Ap`per*tain"ment, n. That which
appertains to a person; an appurtenance. [Obs. or
R.]
Shak.
{ Ap*per"ti*nance (#),
Ap*per"ti*nence (#), } n.
See Appurtenance.
Ap*per"ti*nent (#), a.
Belonging; appertaining. [Now usually written
appurtenant.]
Coleridge.
Ap*per"ti*nent, n. That which belongs to
something else; an appurtenant. [Obs.]
Shak.
Ap*pete" (#), v. t. [L.
appetere: cf. F. app\'82ter. See
Appetite.] To seek for; to desire.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Ap"pe*tence (#), n. [Cf. F.
app\'82tence. See Appetency.] A
longing; a desire; especially an ardent desire; appetite;
appetency.
Ap"pe*ten*cy (#), n.; pl.
Appetencies (#). [L.
appetentia, fr. appetere to strive after,
long for. See Appetite.] 1. Fixed
and strong desire; esp. natural desire; a craving; an eager
appetite.
They had a strong appetency for reading.
Merivale.
2. Specifically: An instinctive inclination or
propensity in animals to perform certain actions, as in the young
to suck, in aquatic fowls to enter into water and to swim; the
tendency of an organized body to seek what satisfies the wants of
its organism.
These lacteals have mouths, and by animal selection or
appetency the absorb such part of the fluid as is
agreeable to their palate.
E. Darwin.
3. Natural tendency; affinity; attraction; -- used
of inanimate objects.
Ap"pe*tent (#), a. [L.
appetens, p. pr. of appetere.]
Desiring; eagerly desirous. [R.]
Appetent after glory and renown.
Sir G. Buck.
Ap`pe*ti*bil"i*ty (#), n. [Cf.
F. app\'82tibilit\'82.] The quality of
being desirable.
Bramhall.
Ap"pe*ti*ble (#), a. [L.
appetibilis, fr. appetere: cf. F.
app\'82tible.] Desirable; capable or worthy
of being the object of desire.
Bramhall.
Ap"pe*tite (#), n. [OE.
appetit, F. app\'82tit, fr. L.
appetitus, fr. appetere to strive after,
long for; ad + petere to seek. See Petition,
and cf. Appetence.] 1. The desire
for some personal gratification, either of the body or of the
mind.
The object of appetite it whatsoever sensible good
may be wished for; the object of will is that good which reason
does lead us to seek.
Hooker.
2. Desire for, or relish of, food or drink;
hunger.
Men must have appetite before they will eat.
Buckle.
3. Any strong desire; an eagerness or
longing.
It God had given to eagles an appetite to swim.
Jer. Taylor.
To gratify the vulgar appetite for the
marvelous.
Macaulay.
4. Tendency; appetency. [Obs.]
In all bodies there as an appetite of union.
Bacon.
5. The thing desired. [Obs.]
Power being the natural appetite of princes.
Swift.
appetite is followed by
to or of, but regularly it should be
followed by for before the object; as, an
appetite for pleasure.
Syn. -- Craving; longing; desire; appetency; passion.
Ap`pe*ti"tion (#), n. [L.
appetitio: cf. F. app\'82tition.]
Desire; a longing for, or seeking after, something.
Holland.
Ap"pe*ti"tive (#), a. [Cf. F.
app\'82titif.] Having the quality of
desiring gratification; as, appetitive power or
faculty.
Sir M. Hale.
Ap"pe*tize (#), v. t. To make
hungry; to whet the appetite of.
Sir W. Scott.
Ap"pe*ti`zer (#), n. Something
which creates or whets an appetite.
Ap"pe*ti`zing (#), a. [Cf. F.
app\'82tissant.] Exciting appetite; as,
appetizing food.
The appearance of the wild ducks is very
appetizing.
Sir W. Scott.
Ap"pe*ti`zing, adv. So as to excite
appetite.
Ap"pi*an (#), a. [L.
Appius, Appianus.] Of or
pertaining to Appius.
Appian Way, the great paved highway from
ancient Rome trough Capua to Brundisium, now Brindisi,
constructed partly by Appius Claudius, about 312 b.
c.
Ap*plaud" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Applauded; p.
pr. & vb. n. Applauding.] [L.
applaudere; ad + plaudere to clash, to clap
the hands: cf. F. applaudir. Cf.
Explode.] 1. To show approval of by
clapping the hands, acclamation, or other significant sign.
I would applaud thee to the very echo,
That should applaud again.
Shak.
2. To praise by words; to express approbation of;
to commend; to approve.
By the gods, I do applaud his courage.
Shak.
Syn. -- To praise; extol; commend; cry up; magnify; approve.
See Praise.
Ap*plaud", v. i. To express approbation
loudly or significantly.
Ap*plaud"er (#), n. One who
applauds.
Ap*plaus"a*ble (#), a. Worthy
pf applause; praiseworthy. [Obs.]
Ap*plause" (#), n. [L.
applaudere, app/ausum. See
Applaud.] The act of applauding; approbation
and praise publicly expressed by clapping the hands, stamping or
tapping with the feet, acclamation, huzzas, or other means;
marked commendation.
The brave man seeks not popular applause.
Dryden.
Syn. -- Acclaim; acclamation; plaudit; commendation;
approval.
Ap*plau"sive (#), a. [LL.
applausivus.] Expressing applause;
approbative. -- Ap*plau"sive*ly,
adv.
Ap"ple (#), n. [OE.
appel, eppel, AS. \'91ppel,
\'91pl; akin to Fries. & D. appel, OHG,
aphul, aphol, G. apfel, Icel.
epli, Sw. \'84ple, Dan. \'91ble,
Gael. ubhall, W. afal, Arm.
aval, Lith. ob/lys, Russ.
iabloko; of unknown origin.] 1.
The fleshy pome or fruit of a rosaceous tree (Pyrus
malus) cultivated in numberless varieties in the temperate
zones.
2. (bot.) Any tree genus
Pyrus which has the stalk sunken into the base of the
fruit; an apple tree.
3. Any fruit or other vegetable production
resembling, or supposed to resemble, the apple; as,
apple of love, or love apple (a tomato), balsam
apple, egg apple, oak
apple.
4. Anything round like an apple; as, an
apple of gold.
Apple is used either adjectively or in
combination; as, apple paper or
apple-paper, apple-shaped, apple
blossom, apple dumpling, apple
pudding.
Apple blight, an aphid which injures apple
trees. See Blight, n. -- Apple
borer (Zo\'94l.), a coleopterous insect
(Saperda candida or bivittata), the larva of which
bores into the trunk of the apple tree and pear tree. --
Apple brandy, brandy made from apples. --
Apple butter, a sauce made of apples stewed down
in cider. Bartlett. -- Apple corer,
an instrument for removing the cores from apples. --
Apple fly (Zo\'94l.), any dipterous
insect, the larva of which burrows in apples. Apple flies belong
to the genera Drosophila and Trypeta.
-- Apple midge (Zo\'94l.) a small
dipterous insect (Sciara mali), the larva of which
bores in apples. -- Apple of the eye, the
pupil. -- Apple of discord, a subject of
contention and envy, so called from the mythological golden
apple, inscribed \'bdFor the fairest,\'b8 which was thrown into
an assembly of the gods by Eris, the goddess of discord. It was
contended for by Juno, Minerva, and Venus, and was adjudged to
the latter. -- Apple of love, or Love
apple, the tomato (Lycopersicum
esculentum). -- Apple of Peru, a large
coarse herb (Nicandra physaloides) bearing pale blue
flowers, and a bladderlike fruit inclosing a dry berry. --
Apples of Sodom, a fruit described by ancient
writers as externally of air appearance but dissolving into smoke
and ashes plucked; Dead Sea apples. The name is often given to
the fruit of Solanum Sodom\'91um, a prickly shrub with
fruit not unlike a small yellow tomato. -- Apple
sauce, stewed apples. [U. S.] --
Apple snail or Apple shell
(Zo\'94l.), a fresh-water, operculated, spiral
shell of the genus Ampullaria. -- Apple
tart, a tart containing apples. -- Apple
tree, a tree naturally bears apples. See Apple,
2. -- Apple wine, cider. --
Apple worm (Zo\'94l.), the larva of a
small moth (Carpocapsa pomonella) which burrows in the
interior of apples. See Codling moth. -- Dead
Sea Apple. (a) pl. Apples of Sodom.
Also Fig. \'bdTo seek the Dead Sea
apples of politics.\'b8 S. B. Griffin. (b)
A kind of gallnut coming from Arabia. See
Gallnut.
Ap"ple (#), v. i. To grow like
an apple; to bear apples.
Holland.
Ap"ple-faced` (#), a. Having a
round, broad face, like an apple.
\'bdApple-faced children.\'b8
Dickens.
Ap"ple-jack` (#), n. Apple
brandy. [U.S.]
Ap"ple-john`, n.. A kind of apple which
by keeping becomes much withered; -- called also
Johnapple.
Shak.
Ap"ple pie` (#). A pie made of apples
(usually sliced or stewed) with spice and sugar.
Apple-pie bed, a bed in which, as a joke, the
sheets are so doubled (like the cover of an apple turnover) as to
prevent any one from getting at his length between them.
Halliwell, Conybeare. -- Apple-pie
order, perfect order or arrangement.
[Colloq.] Halliwell.
Ap"ple-squire` (#), n. A pimp;
a kept gallant. [Obs.]
Beau. & Fl.
Ap*pli"a*ble (#), a. [See
Apply.] Applicable; also, compliant.
[Obs.]
Howell.
Ap*pli"ance (#), n. 1.
The act of applying; application; [Obs.]
subservience.
Shak.
2. The thing applied or used as a means to an end;
an apparatus or device; as, to use various
appliances; a mechanical appliance; a machine
with its appliances.
Ap`pli*ca*bil"i*ty (#), n. The
quality of being applicable or fit to be applied.
Ap"pli*ca*ble (#), a. [Cf. F.
aplicable, fr. L. applicare. See
Apply.] Capable of being applied; fit or
suitable to be applied; having relevance; as, this
observation is applicable to the case under
consideration. --
Ap"pli*ca*ble*ness, n. --
Ap"pli*ca*bly, adv.
Ap"pli*can*cy (#), n. The
quality or state of being applicable. [R.]
Ap"pli*cant (#), n. [L.
applicans, p. pr. of applicare. See
Apply.] One who apples for something; one who
makes request; a petitioner.
The applicant for a cup of water.
Plumtre.
The court require the applicant to appear in
person.
Z. Swift.
Ap"pli*cate (#), a. [L.
applicatus, p. p. of applicare. See
Apply.] Applied or put to some use.
Those applicate sciences which extend the power of
man over the elements.
I. Taylor.
Applicate number (Math.), one which
applied to some concrete case. -- Applicate
ordinate, right line applied at right angles to the
axis of any conic section, and bounded by the curve.
Ap"pli*cate (#), v. i. To
apply. [Obs.]
The act of faith is applicated to the object.
Bp. Pearson.
Ap`pli*ca"tion (#), n. [L.
applicatio, fr. applicare: cf. F.
application. See Apply.] 1.
The act of applying or laying on, in a literal sense;
as, the application of emollients to a diseased
limb.
2. The thing applied.
He invented a new application by which blood might
be stanched.
Johnson.
3. The act of applying as a means; the employment
of means to accomplish an end; specific use.
If a right course . . . be taken with children, there will not
be much need of the application of the common rewards
and punishments.
Locke.
4. The act of directing or referring something to a
particular case, to discover or illustrate agreement or
disagreement, fitness, or correspondence; as, I make the
remark, and leave you to make the application; the
application of a theory.
<-- p. 73 -->
5. Hence, in specific uses: (a) That part
of a sermon or discourse in which the principles before laid down
and illustrated are applied to practical uses; the \'bdmoral\'b8
of a fable. (b) The use of the principles of one science
for the purpose of enlarging or perfecting another; as, the
application of algebra to geometry.
6. The capacity of being practically applied or
used; relevancy; as, a rule of general
application.
7. The act of fixing the mind or closely applying
one's self; assiduous effort; close attention; as, to injure
the health by application to study.
Had his application been equal to his talents, his
progress night have been greater.
J. Jay.
8. The act of making request of soliciting; as,
an application for an office; he made
application to a court of chancery.
9. A request; a document containing a request;
as, his application was placed on file.
Ap"pli*ca*tive (#), a. [Cf. F.
applicatif, fr. L. applicare. See
Apply.] Having of being applied or used;
applying; applicatory; practical. Bramhall. --
Ap"pli*ca*tive*ly,
adv.
Ap"pli*ca*to*ri*ly (#), adv. By
way of application.
Ap"pli*ca*to*ry, a. Having the property
of applying; applicative; practical. --
n. That which applies.
Ap*pli"ed*ly (#), adv. By
application. [R.]
Ap*pli"er (#), n. He who, or
that which, applies.
Ap*pli"ment (#), n.
Application. [Obs.]
Marston
\'d8Ap`pli`qu\'82" (?; 277), a.
[F., fr. appliquer to put on.]
Ornamented with a pattern (which has been cut out of another
color or stuff) applied or transferred to a
foundation; as, appliqu\'82 lace;
appliqu\'82 work.
Ap*plot" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Applotted; p.
pr. & vb. n. Applotting.] [Pref.
ad- + plot.] To divide into
plots or parts; to apportion.
Milton.
Ap*plot"ment (#), n.
Apportionment.
Ap*ply" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Applied
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Applying.] [OF. aplier, F.
appliquer, fr. L. applicare to join, fix,
or attach to; ad + plicare to fold, to twist together.
See Applicant, Ply.] 1. To
lay or place; to put or adjust (one thing to another);
-- with to; as, to apply the hand to the
breast; to apply medicaments to a diseased part of the
body.
He said, and the sword his throat applied.
Dryden.
2. To put to use; to use or employ for a particular
purpose, or in a particular case; to appropriate; to devote;
as, to apply money to the payment of a
debt.
3. To make use of, declare, or pronounce, as
suitable, fitting, or relative; as, to apply the
testimony to the case; to apply an epithet to a
person.
Yet God at last
To Satan, first in sin, his doom applied.
Milton.
4. To fix closely; to engage and employ diligently,
or with attention; to attach; to incline.
Apply thine heart unto instruction.
Prov. xxiii. 12.
5. To direct or address. [R.]
Sacred vows . . . applied to grisly Pluto.
Pope.
6. To betake; to address; to refer; -- used
reflexively.
I applied myself to him for help.
Johnson.
7. To busy; to keep at work; to ply.
[Obs.]
She was skillful in applying his
\'bdhumors.\'b8
Sir P. Sidney.
8. To visit. [Obs.]
And he applied each place so fast.
Chapman.
Applied chemistry. See under
Chemistry. -- Applied mathematics.
See under Mathematics.
Ap*ply", v. i. 1. To suit; to
agree; to have some connection, agreement, or analogy; as,
this argument applies well to the case.
2. To make request; to have recourse with a view to
gain something; to make application. (to); to solicit;
as, to apply to a friend for information.
3. To ply; to move. [R.]
I heard the sound of an oar applying swiftly
through the water.
T. Moore.
4. To apply or address one's self; to give
application; to attend closely (to).
\'d8Ap*pog`gia*tu"ra (#), n.
[It., fr. appogiarre to lean, to rest;
ap- (L. ad) + poggiare to mount,
ascend, poggio hill, fr. L. podium an
elevated place.] (Mus.) A passing tone
preceding an essential tone, and borrowing the time it occupies
from that; a short auxiliary or grace note one degree above or
below the principal note unless it be of the same harmony; --
generally indicated by a note of smaller size, as in the
illustration above. It forms no essential part of the
harmony.
Ap*point" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Appointed; p.
pr. & vb. n. Appointing.] [OE.
appointen, apointen, OF.
apointier to prepare, arrange, lean, place, F.
appointer to give a salary, refer a cause, fr. LL.
appunctare to bring back to the point, restore, to fix
the point in a controversy, or the points in an agreement; L.
ad + punctum a point. See Point.]
1. To fix with power or firmness; to establish; to
mark out.
When he appointed the foundations of the earth.
Prov. viii. 29.
2. To fix by a decree, order, command, resolve,
decision, or mutual agreement; to constitute; to ordain; to
prescribe; to fix the time and place of.
Thy servants are ready to do whatsoever my lord the king shall
appoint.
2 Sam. xv. 15.
He hath appointed a day, in the which he will judge
the world in righteousness.
Acts xvii. 31.
Say that the emperor request a parley . . . and
appoint the meeting.
Shak.
3. To assign, designate, or set apart by
authority.
Aaron and his shall go in, and appoint them every
one to his service.
Num. iv. 19.
These were cities appointed for all the children of
Israel, and for the stranger that sojourneth among them.
Josh. xx. 9.
4. To furnish in all points; to provide with
everything necessary by way of equipment; to equip; to fit
out.
The English, being well appointed, did so entertain
them that their ships departed terribly torn.
Hayward.
5. To point at by way, or for the purpose, of
censure or commendation; to arraign. [Obs.]
Appoint not heavenly disposition.
Milton.
6. (Law) To direct, designate, or limit;
to make or direct a new disposition of, by virtue of a power
contained in a conveyance; -- said of an estate already
conveyed.
Burrill. Kent.
To appoint one's self, to resolve.
[Obs.]
Crowley.
Ap*point" (#), v. i. To ordain;
to determine; to arrange.
For the Lord had appointed to defeat the good
counsel of Ahithoph/l.
2 Sam. xvii. 14.
Ap*point"a*ble (#), a. Capable
of being appointed or constituted.
Ap*point*ee" (#), n. [F.
appoint\'82, p. p. of appointer. See
Appoint, v. t.] 1. A
person appointed.
The commission authorizes them to make appointments, and pay
the appointees.
Circular of Mass. Representatives (1768).
2. (law) A person in whose favor a power
of appointment is executed.
Kent. Wharton.
Ap*point"er (#), n. One who
appoints, or executes a power of appointment.
Kent.
Ap*point"ive (#), a. Subject to
appointment; as, an appointive office.
[R.]
Ap*point"ment (#), n. [Cf. F.
appointement.] 1. The act of
appointing; designation of a person to hold an office or
discharge a trust; as, he erred by the appointment
of unsuitable men.
2. The state of being appointed to som/ service
or office; an office to which one is appointed; station;
position; an, the appointment of treasurer.
3. Stipulation; agreement; the act of fixing by
mutual agreement. Hence:: Arrangement for a meeting; engagement;
as, they made an appointment to meet at
six.
4. Decree; direction; established order or
constitution; as, to submit to the divine
appointments.
According to the appointment of the priests.
Ezra vi. 9.
5. (Law) The exercise of the power of
designating (under a \'bdpower of appointment\'b8) a person to
enjoy an estate or other specific property; also, the instrument
by which the designation is made.
6. Equipment, furniture, as for a ship or an army;
whatever is appointed for use and management; outfit;
(pl.) the accouterments of military officers or
soldiers, as belts, sashes, swords.
The cavaliers emulated their chief in the richness of their
appointments.
Prescott.
I'll prove it in my shackles, with these hands
Void of appoinment, that thou liest.
Beau. & Fl.
7. An allowance to a person, esp. to a public
officer; a perquisite; -- properly only in the plural.
[Obs.]
An expense proportioned to his appointments and
fortune is necessary.
Chesterfield.
8. A honorary part or exercise, as an oration,
etc., at a public exhibition of a college; as, to have an
appointment. [U.S.]
Syn. -- Designation; command; order; direction;
establishment; equipment.
Ap*point*or" (#), n.
(Law) The person who selects the appointee. See
Appointee, 2.
Ap*por"ter (#), n. [Cf. F.
apporter to bring in, fr. L. apportare;
ad + portare to bear.] A bringer in; an
importer. [Obs.]
Sir M. Hale.
Ap*por"tion (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Apportioned
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Apportioning.] [OF.
apportionner, LL. apportionare, fr. L.
ad + portio. See Portion.] To
divide and assign in just proportion; to divide and distribute
proportionally; to portion out; to allot; as, to
apportion undivided rights; to apportion time
among various employments.
Ap*por"tion*ate*ness (#), n.
The quality of being apportioned or in proportion.
[Obs. & R.]
Ap*por"tion*er (#), n. One who
apportions.
Ap*por"tion*ment (#), n. [Cf.
F. apportionnement, LL.
apportionamentum.] The act of apportioning;
a dividing into just proportions or shares; a division or shares;
a division and assignment, to each proprietor, of his just
portion of an undivided right or property.
A. Hamilton.
Ap*pose" (#), v. t. [F.
apposer to set to; / (L. ad) +
poser to put, place. See Pose.]
1. To place opposite or before; to put or apply
(one thing to another).
The nymph herself did then appose,
For food and beverage, to him all best meat.
Chapman.
2. To place in juxtaposition or proximity.
Ap*pose", v. t. [For oppose.
See Oppose.] To put questions to; to examine;
to try. [Obs.] See Pose.
To appose him without any accuser, and that
secretly.
Tyndale.
Ap*posed" (#), a. Placed in
apposition; mutually fitting, as the mandibles of a bird's
beak.
Ap*pos"er (#), n. An examiner;
one whose business is to put questions. Formerly, in the English
Court of Exchequer, an officer who audited the sheriffs'
accounts.
Ap"po*site (#), a. [L.
appositus, p. p. of apponere to set or put
to; ad + ponere to put, place.] Very
applicable; well adapted; suitable or fit; relevant; pat; --
followed by to; as, this argument is very
apposite to the case. --
Ap"po*site*ly, adv. --
Ap"po*site*ness, n.
Ap`po*si"tion (#), n. [L.
appositio, fr. apponere: cf. F.
apposition. See Apposite.] 1.
The act of adding; application; accretion.
It grows . . . by the apposition of new matter.
Arbuthnot.
2. The putting of things in juxtaposition, or side
by side; also, the condition of being so placed.
3. (Gram.) The state of two nouns or
pronouns, put in the same case, without a connecting word between
them; as, I admire Cicero, the orator. Here, the second
noun explains or characterizes the first.
Growth by apposition (Physiol.), a
mode of growth characteristic of non vascular tissues, in which
nutritive matter from the blood is transformed on the surface of
an organ into solid unorganized substance.
Ap`po*si"tion*al (#), a.
Pertaining to apposition; put in apposition
syntactically.
Ellicott.
Ap*pos"i*tive (#), a. Of or
relating to apposition; in apposition. --
n. A noun in apposition. --
Ap*pos"i*tive*ly, adv.
Appositive to the words going immediately
before.
Knatchbull.
Ap*prais"a*ble (#), a. Capable
of being appraised.
Ap*prais"al (#), n. [See
Appraise. Cf. Apprizal.] A valuation
by an authorized person; an appraisement.
Ap*praise" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Appraised
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Appraising.] [Pref. ad- +
praise. See Praise, Price,
Apprize, Appreciate.] 1. To
set a value; to estimate the worth of, particularly by persons
appointed for the purpose; as, to appraise goods and
chattels.
2. To estimate; to conjecture.
Enoch . . . appraised his weight.
Tennyson.
3. To praise; to commend. [Obs.]
R. Browning.
Appraised the Lycian custom.
Tennyson.
apprize.
Ap*praise"ment (#), n. [See
Appraise. Cf. Apprizement.] The act
of setting the value; valuation by an appraiser; estimation of
worth.
Ap*prais"er (#), n. [See
Appraise, Apprizer.] One who
appraises; esp., a person appointed and sworn to estimate and fix
the value of goods or estates.
Ap`pre*ca"tion, n. [L.
apprecari to pray to; ad + precari to pray,
prex, precis, prayer.] Earnest
prayer; devout wish. [Obs.]
A solemn apprecation of good success.
Bp. Hall.
Ap"pre*ca*to*ry (#), a. Praying
or wishing good.
[Obs.]\'bdApprecatory benedictions.\'b8
Bp. Hall.
Ap*pre"ci*a*ble (#), a. [Cf. F.
appr\'82ciable.] Capable of being
appreciated or estimated; large enough to be estimated;
perceptible; as, an appreciable quantity.
-- Ap*pre"ci*a*bly,
adv.
Ap*pre"ci*ant (#), a.
Appreciative. [R.]
Ap*pre"ci*ate (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Appreciated; p.
pr. & vb. n. Appreciating.] [L.
appretiatus, p. p. of appretiare to value
at a price, appraise; ad + pretiare to prize,
pretium price. Cf. Appraise.]
1. To set a price or value on; to estimate justly;
to value.
To appreciate the motives of their enemies.
Gibbon.
3. To raise the value of; to increase the market
price of; -- opposed to depreciate.
[U.S.]
Lest a sudden peace should appreciate the
money.
Ramsay.
4. To be sensible of; to distinguish.
To test the power of b//s to appreciate
color.
Lubbock.
Syn. -- To Appreciate, Estimate,
Esteem. Estimate is an act of
judgment; esteem is an act of valuing or prizing, and
when applied to individuals, denotes a sentiment of moral
approbation. See Estimate. Appreciate lies
between the two. As compared with estimate, it
supposes a union of sensibility with judgment, producing a nice
and delicate perception. As compared with esteem, it
denotes a valuation of things according to their appropriate and
distinctive excellence, and not simply their moral worth. Thus,
with reference to the former of these (delicate perception), an
able writer says. \'bdWomen have a truer appreciation
of character than men;\'b8 and another remarks, \'bdIt is
difficult to appreciate the true force and distinctive
sense of terms which we are every day using.\'b8 So, also, we
speak of the difference between two things, as sometimes hardly
appreciable. With reference to the latter of these
(that of valuation as the result of a nice perception), we say,
\'bdIt requires a peculiar cast of character to
appreciate the poetry of Wordsworth;\'b8 \'bdHe who
has no delicacy himself, can not appreciate it in
others;\'b8 \'bdThe thought of death is salutary, because it
leads us to appreciate worldly things aright.\'b8
Appreciate is much used in cases where something is in
danger of being overlooked or undervalued; as when we speak of
appreciating the difficulties of a subject, or the
risk of an undertaking. So Lord Plunket, referring to an
\'bdominous silence\'b8 which prevailed among the Irish
peasantry, says, \'bdIf you knew now to appreciate
that silence, it is more formidable than the most clamorous
opposition.\'b8 In like manner, a person who asks some favor of
another is apt to say, \'bdI trust you will appreciate
my motives in this request.\'b8 Here we have the key to a very
frequent use of the word. It is hardly necessary to say that
appreciate looks on the favorable side of things. we
never speak of appreciating a man's faults, but his
merits. This idea of regarding things favorably appears more
fully in the word appreciative; as when we speak of an
appreciative audience, or an appreciative
review, meaning one that manifests a quick perception and a ready
valuation of excellence.
Ap*pre"ci*ate, v. i. To rise in value.
[See note under Rise, v. i.]
J. Morse.
Ap*pre"ci*a`ting*ly (#), adv.
In an appreciating manner; with appreciation.
Ap*pre`ci*a"tion (#), n. [Cf.
F. appr\'82ciation.] 1. A just
valuation or estimate of merit, worth, weight, etc.; recognition
of excellence.
2. Accurate perception; true estimation; as, an
appreciation of the difficulties before us; an
appreciation of colors.
His foreboding showed his appreciation of Henry's
character.
J. R. Green.
3. A rise in value; -- opposed to
depreciation.
Ap*pre"ci*a*tive (#), a. Having
or showing a just or ready appreciation or perception; as, an
appreciative audience. --
Ap*pre"ci*a*tive*ly,
adv.
Ap*pre"ci*a*tive*ness, n. The quality of
being appreciative; quick recognition of excellence.
Ap*pre"ci*a`tor (#), n. One who
appreciates.
Ap*pre"ci*a*to*ry (#), a.
Showing appreciation; appreciative; as,
appreciatory commendation. --
Ap*pre"ci*a*to*ri*ly (#),
adv.
<-- p. 74 -->
Ap`pre*hend" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Apprehended; p.
pr. & vb. n. Apprehending.] [L.
apprehendere; ad + prehendere to lay hold
of, seize; prae before + -hendere (used
only in comp.); akin to Gr. / to hold, contain, and E.
get: cf. F. appr\'82hender. See
Prehensile, Get.] 1. To
take or seize; to take hold of. [Archaic]
We have two hands to apprehended it.
Jer. Taylor.
2. Hence: To take or seize (a person) by legal
process; to arrest; as, to apprehend a
criminal.
3. To take hold of with the understanding, that is,
to conceive in the mind; to become cognizant of; to understand;
to recognize; to consider.
This suspicion of Earl Reimund, though at first but a buzz,
soon got a sting in the king's head, and he violently
apprehended it.
Fuller.
The eternal laws, such as the heroic age
apprehended them.
Gladstone.
4. To know or learn with certainty.
[Obs.]
G. You are too much distrustful of my truth.
E. Then you must give me leave to apprehend
The means and manner how.
Beau. & Fl.
5. To anticipate; esp., to anticipate with anxiety,
dread, or fear; to fear.
The opposition had more reason than the king to
apprehend violence.
Macaulay.
Syn. -- To catch; seize; arrest; detain; capture; conceive;
understand; imagine; believe; fear; dread. -- To
Apprehend, Comprehend. These words come into
comparison as describing acts of the mind. Apprehend
denotes the laying hold of a thing mentally, so as to
understand it clearly, at least in part. Comprehend
denotes the embracing or understanding it in all its compass and
extent. We may apprehended many truths which we do not
comprehend. The very idea of God supposes that he may
be apprehended, though not comprehended, by
rational beings. \'bdWe may apprehended much of
Shakespeare's aim and intention in the character of Hamlet or
King Lear; but few will claim that they have
comprehended all that is embraced in these
characters.\'b8
Trench.
Ap`pre*hend", v. i. 1. To
think, believe, or be of opinion; to understand; to
suppose.
2. To be apprehensive; to fear.
It is worse to apprehend than to suffer.
Rowe.
Ap`pre*hend"er (#), n. One who
apprehends.
Ap`pre*hen`si*bi"i*ty (#), n.
The quality of being apprehensible. [R.]
De Quincey.
Ap`pre*hen"si*ble (#), a. [L.
apprehensibilis. See Apprehend.]
Capable of being apprehended or conceived.
\'bdApprehensible by faith.\'b8 Bp. Hall. --
Ap`*pre*hen"si*bly,
adv.
Ap`pre*hen"sion (#), n. [L.
apprehensio: cf. F. appr\'82hension. See
Apprehend.] 1. The act of seizing or
taking hold of; seizure; as, the hand is an organ of
apprehension.
Sir T. Browne.
2. The act of seizing or taking by legal process;
arrest; as, the felon, after his apprehension,
escaped.
3. The act of grasping with the intellect; the
contemplation of things, without affirming, denying, or passing
any judgment; intellection; perception.
Simple apprehension denotes no more than the soul's
naked intellection of an object.
Glanvill.
4. Opinion; conception; sentiment; idea.
apprehension, the facts prove the issue.
To false, and to be thought false, is all one in respect of
men, who act not according to truth, but
apprehension.
South.
5. The faculty by which ideas are conceived;
understanding; as, a man of dull
apprehension.
6. Anticipation, mostly of things unfavorable;
distrust or fear at the prospect of future evil.
After the death of his nephew Caligula, Claudius was in no
small apprehension for his own life.
Addison.
Syn. -- Apprehension, Alarm.
Apprehension springs from a sense of danger when
somewhat remote, but approaching; alarm arises from
danger when announced as near at hand. Apprehension is
calmer and more permanent; alarm is more agitating and
transient.
Ap`pre*hen"sive (#), a. [Cf. F.
appr\'82hensif. See Apprehend.]
1. Capable of apprehending, or quick to do so; apt;
discerning.
It may be pardonable to imagine that a friend, a kind and
apprehensive . . . friend, is listening to our
talk.
Hawthorne.
2. Knowing; conscious; cognizant.
[R.]
A man that has spent his younger years in vanity and folly,
and is, by the grace of God, apprehensive of it.
Jer. Taylor.
3. Relating to the faculty of apprehension.
Judgment . . . is implied in every apprehensive
act.
Sir W. Hamilton.
4. Anticipative of something unfavorable' fearful
of what may be coming; in dread of possible harm; in expectation
of evil.
Not at all apprehensive of evils as a distance.
Tillotson.
Reformers . . . apprehensive for their lives.
Gladstone.
5. Sensible; feeling; perceptive.
[R.]
Thoughts, my tormentors, armed with deadly stings,
Mangle my apprehensive, tenderest parts.
Milton.
Ap`pre*hen"sive*ly, adv. In an
apprehensive manner; with apprehension of danger.
Ap`pre*hen"sive*ness, n. The quality or
state of being apprehensive.
Ap*pren"tice (#), n. [OE.
apprentice, prentice, OF.
aprentis, nom. of aprentif, fr.
apprendare to learn, L. apprendere, equiv.
to apprehendere, to take hold of (by the mind), to
comprehend. See Apprehend, Prentice.]
1. One who is bound by indentures or by legal
agreement to serve a mechanic, or other person, for a certain
time, with a view to learn the art, or trade, in which his master
is bound to instruct him.
2. One not well versed in a subject; a tyro.
3. (Old law) A barrister, considered a
learner of law till of sixteen years' standing, when he might be
called to the rank of serjeant. [Obs.]
Blackstone.
Ap*pren"tice, v. t. [imp. &
p. p. Apprenticed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Apprenticing.] To bind to, or put under
the care of, a master, for the purpose of instruction in a trade
or business.
Ap*pren"tice*age, n. [F.
apprentissage.] Apprenticeship.
[Obs.]
Ap*pren"tice*hood, n.
Apprenticeship. [Obs.]
Ap*pren"tice*ship, n. 1. The
service or condition of an apprentice; the state in which a
person is gaining instruction in a trade or art, under legal
agreement.
2. The time an apprentice is serving (sometimes
seven years, as from the age of fourteen to twenty-one).
{ Ap*pressed", Ap*prest" },
a. [p. p. appress, which is not in
use. See Adpress.] (Bot.) Pressed
close to, or lying against, something for its whole length, as
against a stem,
Gray.
Ap*prise", v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Apprised; p. pr. & vb. n.
Apprising.] [F. appris, fem.
apprise, p. p. apprendre to learn, to
teach, to inform. Cf. Apprehend,
Apprentice.] To give notice, verbal or
written; to inform; -- followed by of; as, we will
apprise the general of an intended attack; he
apprised the commander of what he had done.
Ap*prise", n. Notice; information.
[Obs.]
Gower.
Ap*priz"al, n. See
Appraisal.
Ap*prize", v. t. [The same as
Appraise, only more accommodated to the English form of
the L. pretiare.] To appraise; to value; to
appreciate.
Ap*prize"ment, n. Appraisement.
Ap*priz"er, n. 1. An
appraiser.
2. (Scots Law) A creditor for whom an
appraisal is made.
Sir W. Scott.
Ap*proach", v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Approached; p. pr. & vb. n.
Approaching.] [OE.
approchen, aprochen, OF.
approcher, LL. appropriare, fr. L. ad
+ propiare to draw near, prope near.]
1. To come or go near, in place or time; to draw
nigh; to advance nearer.
Wherefore approached ye so nigh unto the city?
2 Sam. xi. 20.
But exhorting one another; and so much the more, as ye see the
day approaching.
Heb. x. 25.
2. To draw near, in a figurative sense; to make
advances; to approximate; as, he approaches to the
character of the ablest statesman.
Ap*proach", v. t. 1. To bring
near; to cause to draw near; to advance.
[Archaic]
Boyle.
2. To come near to in place, time, or character; to
draw nearer to; as, to approach the city; to
approach my cabin; he approached the age of
manhood.
He was an admirable poet, and thought even to have
approached Homer.
Temple.
3. (Mil.) To take approaches to.
Ap*proach", n. [Cf. F.
approche. See Approach, v.
i.] 1. The act of drawing near; a
coming or advancing near. \'bdThe approach of
summer.\'b8
Horsley.
A nearer approach to the human type.
Owen.
2. A access, or opportunity of drawing near.
The approach to kings and principal persons.
Bacon.
3. pl. Movements to gain favor;
advances.
4. A way, passage, or avenue by which a place or
buildings can be approached; an access.
Macaulay.
5. pl. (Fort.) The advanced
works, trenches, or covered roads made by besiegers in their
advances toward a fortress or military post.
6. (Hort.) See
Approaching.
Ap*proach`a*bil"i*ty (#), n.
The quality of being approachable; approachableness.
Ap*proach"a*ble (#), a. Capable
of being approached; accessible; as, approachable
virtue.
Ap*proach"a*ble*ness, n. The quality or
state of being approachable; accessibility.
Ap*proach"er (#), n. One who
approaches.
Ap*proach"ing, n. (Hort.) The
act of ingrafting a sprig or shoot of one tree into another,
without cutting it from the parent stock; -- called, also,
inarching and grafting by approach.
Ap*proach"less, a. Impossible to be
approached.
Ap*proach"ment (#), n. [Cf. F.
approachement.] Approach.
[Archaic]
Holland.
Ap"pro*bate (#), a. [L.
approbatus, p. p. of approbare to
approve.] Approved. [Obs.]
Elyot.
Ap"pro*bate (#), v. t. To
express approbation of; to approve; to sanction officially.
I approbate the one, I reprobate the other.
Sir W. Hamilton.
license; as, a person is
approbated to preach; approbated to keep a
public house.
Pickering (1816).
Ap`pro*ba"tion (#), n. [L.
approbatio: cf. F. approbation. See
Approve to prove.] 1. Proof;
attestation. [Obs.]
Shak.
2. The act of approving; an assenting to the
propriety of a thing with some degree of pleasure or
satisfaction; approval; sanction; commendation.
Many . . . joined in a loud hum of approbation.
Macaulay.
The silent approbation of one's own breast.
Melmoth.
Animals . . . love approbation or praise.
Darwin.
3. Probation or novitiate.
[Obs.]
This day my sister should the cloister enter,
And there receive her approbation.
Shak.
Syn. -- Approval; liking; sanction; consent;
concurrence. -- Approbation,
Approval. Approbation and approval
have the same general meaning, assenting to or declaring as good,
sanction, commendation; but approbation is stronger
and more positive. \'bdWe may be anxious for the
approbation of our friends; but we should be still
more anxious for the approval of our own
consciences.\'b8 \'bdHe who is desirous to obtain universal
approbation will learn a good lesson from the fable of
the old man and his ass.\'b8 \'bdThe work has been examined by
several excellent judges, who have expressed their unqualified
approval of its plan and execution.\'b8
Ap"pro*ba*tive (#), a. [Cf. F.
approbatif.] Approving, or implying
approbation.
Milner.
Ap"pro*ba*tive*ness, n. 1. The
quality of being approbative.
2. (Phren.) Love of approbation.
Ap"pro*ba`tor (#), n.
[L.] One who approves. [R.]
Ap"pro*ba`to*ry (#), a.
Containing or expressing approbation; commendatory.
Sheldon.
Ap*promt" (?; 215), v. t.
[Pref. ad- + promt.] To
quicken; to prompt. [Obs.]
To appromt our invention.
Bacon.
Ap*proof" (#), n. [See
Approve, and Proof.] 1.
Trial; proof. [Archaic]
Shak.
2. Approval; commendation.
Shak.
Ap`pro*pin"quate (#), v. i. [L.
appropinquatus, p. p. of appropinquare;
ad + prope near.] To approach.
[Archaic]
Ld. Lytton.
Ap`pro*pin*qua"tion (#), n. [L.
appropinquatio.] A drawing nigh;
approach. [R.]
Bp. Hall.
Ap`pro*pin"qui*ty (#), n.
[Pref. ad- + propinquity.]
Nearness; propinquity. [R.]
J. Gregory.
Ap*pro"pre (#), v. t. [OE.
appropren, apropren, OF.
approprier, fr. L. appropriare. See
Appropriate.] To appropriate.
[Obs.]
Fuller.
Ap*pro"pri*a*ble (#), a. [See
Appropriate.] Capable of being appropriated,
set apart, sequestered, or assigned exclusively to a particular
use.
Sir T. Browne.
Ap*pro"pri*a*ment (#), n. What
is peculiarly one's own; peculiar
qualification.[Obs.]
If you can neglect
Your own appropriaments.
Ford.
Ap*pro"pri*ate (#), a. [L.
appropriatus, p. p. of appropriare; ad
+ propriare to appropriate, fr. proprius one's
own, proper. See Proper.] Set apart for a
particular use or person. Hence: Belonging peculiarly; peculiar;
suitable; fit; proper.
In its strict and appropriate meaning.
Porteus.
Appropriate acts of divine worship.
Stillingfleet.
It is not at all times easy to find words
appropriate to express our ideas.
Locke.
Ap*pro"pri*ate (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Appropriated
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Appropriating
(#).] 1. To take to one's self
in exclusion of others; to claim or use as by an exclusive right;
as, let no man appropriate the use of a common
benefit.
2. To set apart for, or assign to, a particular
person or use, in exclusion of all others; -- with to
or for; as, a spot of ground is
appropriated for a garden; to appropriate money
for the increase of the navy.
3. To make suitable; to suit.
[Archaic]
Paley.
4. (Eng. Eccl. Law) To annex, as a
benefice, to a spiritual corporation, as its property.
Blackstone.
Ap*pro"pri*ate (#), n. A
property; attribute. [Obs.]
Ap*pro"pri*ate*ly, adv. In an
appropriate or proper manner; fitly; properly.
Ap*pro"pri*ate*ness, n. The state or
quality of being appropriate; peculiar fitness.
Froude.
Ap*pro`pri*a"tion (#), n. [L.
appropriatio: cf. F. appropriation.]
1. The act of setting apart or assigning to a
particular use or person, or of taking to one's self, in
exclusion of all others; application to a special use or purpose,
as of a piece of ground for a park, or of money to carry out some
object.
2. Anything, especially money, thus set
apart.
The Commons watched carefully over the
appropriation.
Macaulay.
3. (Law) (a) The severing or
sequestering of a benefice to the perpetual use of a spiritual
corporation. Blackstone. (b) The
application of payment of money by a debtor to his creditor, to
one of several debts which are due from the former to the
latter.
Chitty.
Ap*pro"pri*a*tive (#), a.
Appropriating; making, or tending to, appropriation; as,
an appropriative act. --
Ap*pro"pri*a*tive*ness,
n.
Ap*pro"pri*a`tor (#), n. 1.
One who appropriates.
2. (Law) A spiritual corporation
possessed of an appropriated benefice; also, an
impropriator.
Ap*prov"a*ble (#), a. Worthy of
being approved; meritorious. --
Ap*prov"a*ble*ness, n.
Ap*prov"al (#), n. Approbation;
sanction.
A censor . . . without whose approval n/ capital
sentences are to be executed.
Temple.
Syn. -- See Approbation.
Ap*prov"ance (#), n.
Approval. [Archaic]
Thomson.
Ap*prove" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Approved
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Approving.] [OE. aproven,
appreven, to prove, OF. aprover, F.
approuver, to approve, fr. L. approbare;
ad + probare to esteem as good, approve, prove. See
Prove, and cf. Approbate.] 1.
To show to be real or true; to prove.
[Obs.]
Wouldst thou approve thy constancy?
Approve
First thy obedience.
Milton.
2. To make proof of; to demonstrate; to prove or
show practically.
Opportunities to approve . . . worth.
Emerson.
He had approved himself a great warrior.
Macaulay.
'T is an old lesson; Time approves it true.
Byron.
His account . . . approves him a man of
thought.
Parkman.
3. To sanction officially; to ratify; to confirm;
as, to approve the decision of a
court-martial.
4. To regard as good; to commend; to be pleased
with; to think well of; as, we approve the measured
of the administration.
5. To make or show to be worthy of approbation or
acceptance.
The first care and concern must be to approve
himself to God.
Rog///.
to be pleased
with, to think favorably (of), is
often followed by of.
They had not approved of the deposition of
James.
Macaulay.
They approved of the political institutions.
W. Black.
<-- p. 75 -->
Ap*prove" (#), v. t. [OF.
aprouer; / (L. ad) + a form
apparently derived fr. the pro, prod, in L.
prodest it is useful or profitable, properly the
preposition pro for. Cf. Improve.]
(Eng. Law) To make profit of; to convert to one's
own profit; said esp. of waste or common land appropriated by the
lord of the manor.
Ap*prov"ed*ly (#), adv. So as
to secure approbation; in an approved manner.
Ap*prove"ment (#), n.
[Obs.] 1. Approbation.
I did nothing without your approvement.
Hayward.
2. (Eng. Law) a confession of guilt by a
prisoner charged with treason or felony, together with an
accusation of his accomplish and a giving evidence against them
in order to obtain his own pardon. The term is no longer in use;
it corresponded to what is now known as turning king's
(or queen's) evidence in England, and
state's evidence in the United States.
Burrill. Bouvier.
Ap*prove"ment, n. (Old Eng. Law)
Improvement of common lands, by inclosing and converting
them to the uses of husbandry for the advantage of the lord of
the manor.
Blackstone.
Ap*prov"er (#), n. 1.
One who approves. Formerly, one who made proof or
trial.
2. An informer; an accuser.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
3. (Eng. Law) One who confesses a crime
and accuses another. See 1st Approvement,
2.
Ap*prov"er, n. [See 2d Approve,
v. t.] (Eng. Law) A bailiff or
steward; an agent. [Obs.]
Jacobs.
Ap*prov"ing, a. Expressing approbation;
commending; as, an approving smile. --
Ap*prov"ing*ly, adv.
Ap*prox"i*mate (#), a. [L.
approximatus, p. p. of approximare to
approach; ad + proximare to come near. See
Proximate.] 1. Approaching;
proximate; nearly resembling.
2. Near correctness; nearly exact; not perfectly
accurate; as, approximate results or
values.
Approximate quantities (Math.),
those which are nearly, but not, equal.
Ap*prox"i*mate (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Approximated
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Approximating.] 1. To carry or
advance near; to cause to approach.
To approximate the inequality of riches to the
level of nature.
Burke.
2. To come near to; to approach.
The telescope approximates perfection.
J. Morse.
Ap*prox"i*mate, v. i. To draw; to
approach.
Ap*prox"i*mate*ly (#), adv.
With approximation; so as to approximate; nearly.
Ap*prox`i*ma"tion (#). n. [Cf.
F. approximation, LL. approximatio.]
1. The act of approximating; a drawing, advancing
or being near; approach; also, the result of approximating.
The largest capacity and the most noble dispositions are but
an approximation to the proper standard and true
symmetry of human nature.
I. Taylor.
2. An approach to a correct estimate, calculation,
or conception, or to a given quantity, quality, etc.
3. (Math.) (a) A continual
approach or coming nearer to a result; as, to solve an
equation by approximation. (b)
A value that is nearly but not exactly correct.
Ap*prox"i*ma*tive (#), a. [Cf.
F. approximatif.] Approaching;
approximate. -- Ap*prox"i*ma*tive*ly,
adv. -- Ap*prox"i*ma*tive*ness,
n.
Ap*prox"i*ma`tor (#), n. One
who, or that which, approximates.
\'d8Ap`pui" (#), n. [F., fr. L.
ad + podium foothold, Gr. /, dim. of /, /,
foot.] A support or supporter; a stay; a prop.
[Obs.]
If a be to climb trees that are of any great height, there
would be stays and appuies set to it.
Holland.
Point d'appui (#). [F., a point of
support.] (Mil.) (a) A given point
or body, upon which troops are formed, or by which are marched in
line or column. (b) An advantageous defensive
support, as a castle, morass, wood, declivity, etc.
Ap"pulse (?; 277), n. [L.
appulsus, fr. appellere,
appulsum, to drive to; ad + pellere to
drive: cf. F. appulse.] 1. A
driving or running towards; approach; impulse; also, the act of
striking against.
In all consonants there is an appulse of the
organs.
Holder.
2. (Astron.) The near approach of one
heavenly body to another, or to the meridian; a coming into
conjunction; as, the appulse of the moon to a star,
or of a star to the meridian.
Ap*pul"sion (#), n. A driving
or striking against; an appulse.
Ap*pul"sive (#), a. Striking
against; impinging; as, the appulsive influence of
the planets.
P. Cyc.
Ap*pul"sive*ly, adv. By appulsion.
Ap*pur"te*nance (#), n. [OF.
apurtenaunce, apartenance, F.
appartenance, LL. appartenentia, from L.
appertinere. See Appertain.] That
which belongs to something else; an adjunct; an appendage; an
accessory; something annexed to another thing more worthy; in
common parlance and legal acceptation, something belonging to
another thing as principal, and which passes as incident to it,
as a right of way, or other easement to land; a right of common
to pasture, an outhouse, barn, garden, or orchard, to a house or
messuage. In a strict legal sense, land can never pass as an
appurtenance to land.
Tomlins. Bouvier. Burrill.
Globes . . . provided as appurtenances to
astronomy.
Bacon.
The structure of the eye, and of its
appurtenances.
Reid.
Ap*pur"te*nant (#), a. [F.
appartenant, p. pr. of appartenir. See
Appurtenance.] Annexed or pertaining to some
more important thing; accessory; incident; as, a right of way
appurtenant to land or buildings.
Blackstone.
Common appurtenatn. (Law) See under
Common, n.
Ap*pur"te*nant, n, Something which
belongs or appertains to another thing; an appurtenance.
Mysterious appurtenants and symbols of
redemption.
Coleridge.
Ap"ri*cate (#), v. t. & i. [L.
apricatus, p. p. of apricare, fr.
apricus exposed to the sun, fr. aperire to
uncover, open.] To bask in the sun.
Boyle.
Ap`ri*ca"tion, n. Basking in the
sun. [R.]
A"pri*cot, n. [OE. apricock,
abricot, F. abricot, fr. Sp.
albaricoque or Pg. albricoque, fr. Ar.
albirq/q, al-burq/q. Though
the E. and F. form abricot is derived from the Arabic
through the Spanish, yet the Arabic word itself was formed from
the Gr. /, pl. (Diosc. c. 1000) fr. L. praecoquus,
praecox, early ripe. The older E. form
apricock was prob. taken direct from Pg. See
Precocious, Cook.] (Bot.)
A fruit allied to the plum, of an orange color, oval shape,
and delicious taste; also, the tree (Prunus Armeniaca of
Linn\'91us) which bears this fruit. By cultivation it has
been introduced throughout the temperate zone.
A"pril (#), n. [L.
Aprilis. OE. also Averil, F.
Avril, fr. L. Aprilis.] 1.
The fourth month of the year.
2. Fig.: With reference to April being the month in
which vegetation begins to put forth, the variableness of its
weather, etc.
The April's her eyes; it is love's spring.
Shak.
April fool, one who is sportively imposed upon
by others on the first day of April.
\'d8A` pri*o"ri (#). [L. a
(ab) + prior former.] 1.
(Logic) Characterizing that kind of reasoning
which deduces consequences from definitions formed, or principles
assumed, or which infers effects from causes previously known;
deductive or deductively. The reverse of a
posteriori.
3. (Philos.) Applied to knowledge and
conceptions assumed, or presupposed, as prior to experience, in
order to make experience rational or possible.
A priori, that is, form these necessities of the
mind or forms of thinking, which, though first revealed to us by
experience, must yet have pre\'89xisted in order to make
experience possible.
Coleridge.
A`pri*o"rism (#), n. [Cf. F.
apriorisme.] An a priori
principle.
A`pri*or"i*ty (#), n. The
quality of being innate in the mind, or prior to experience;
a priori reasoning.
\'d8A*proc"ta (#), n. pl. [NL.,
fr. Gr. / priv. + / anus.] (Zo\'94l.) A
group of Turbellaria in which there is no anal aperture.
A*proc"tous (#), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Without an anal office.
A"pron (?; 277), n. [OE.
napron, OF. naperon, F.
napperon, dim. of OF. nape, F.
nappe, cloth, tablecloth, LL. napa, fr. L.
mappa, napkin, table napkin. See Map.]
1. An article of dress, of cloth, leather, or other
stuff, worn on the fore part of the body, to keep the clothes
clean, to defend them from injury, or as a covering. It is
commonly tied at the waist by strings.
2. Something which by its shape or use suggests an
apron; as, (a) The fat skin covering the belly of a
goose or duck. [Prov. Eng.]
Halliwell. (b) A piece of leather, or
other material, to be spread before a person riding on an outside
seat of a vehicle, to defend him from the rain, snow, or dust; a
boot. \'bdThe weather being too hot for the
apron.\'b8 Hughes. (c)
(Gun.) A leaden plate that covers the vent of a
cannon. (d) (Shipbuilding) A piece
of carved timber, just above the foremost end of the keel.
Totten. (e) A platform, or flooring of
plank, at the entrance of a dock, against which the dock gates
are shut. (f) A flooring of plank before a
dam to cause the water to make a gradual descent.
(g) (Mech.) The piece that holds the
cutting tool of a planer. (h)
(Plumbing) A strip of lead which leads the drip
of a wall into a gutter; a flashing. (i)
(Zo\'94l.) The infolded abdomen of a crab.
A"proned (#), a. Wearing an
apron.
A cobbler aproned, and a parson gowned.
Pope.
A"pron*ful (#), n.; pl.
Apronfuls (#). The quality an
apron can hold.
A"pron*less, a. Without an apron.
A"pron man` (#). A man who wears an apron;
a laboring man; a mechanic. [Obs.]
Shak.
A"pron string` (#). The string of an
apron.
To be tied to a wife's or mother's
apron strings, to be unduly controlled by a wife
or mother.
He was so made that he could not submit to be tied to the
apron strings even of the best of wives.
Macaulay.
Ap"ro*sos` (#), a. & adv. [F.
/ propos; / (L. ad) + propos purpose,
L. proposium plan, purpose, fr. proponere
to propose. See Propound.] 1.
Opportunely or opportune; seasonably or seasonable.
A tale extremely apropos.
Pope.
2. By the way; to the purpose; suitably to the
place or subject; -- a word used to introduce an incidental
observation, suited to the occasion, though not strictly
belonging to the narration.
Apse (#), n.; pl. Apses
(#). [See Apsis.] 1.
(Arch.) (a) A projecting part of a
building, esp. of a church, having in the plan a polygonal or
semicircular termination, and, most often, projecting from the
east end. In early churches the Eastern apse was occupied by
seats for the bishop and clergy. Hence: (b)
The bishop's seat or throne, in ancient churches.
2. A reliquary, or case in which the relics of
saints were kept.
apsis and
absis.
Ap"si*dal (#), a. 1.
(Astron.) Of or pertaining to the apsides of an
orbit.
2. (Arch.) Of or pertaining to the apse
of a church; as, the apsidal termination of the
chancel.
Ap"si*des (#), n. pl. See
Apsis.
\'d8Ap"sis (#), n.; pl.
Apsides (#). See Apse. [L.
apsis, absis, Gr. /, /, a tying,
fastening, the hoop of a wheel, the wheel, a bow, arch, vault,
fr. / to fasten.] 1. (Astron.)
One of the two points of an orbit, as of a planet or
satellite, which are at the greatest and least distance from the
central body, corresponding to the aphelion and perihelion of a
planet, or to the apogee and perigee of the moon. The more
distant is called the higher apsis; the other, the
lower apsis; and the line joining them, the line
of apsides.
2. (Math.) In a curve referred to polar
co\'94rdinates, any point for which the radius vector is a
maximum or minimum.
3. (Arch.) Same as Apse.
Apt (#), a [F. apte,
L. aptus, fr. obsolete apere to fasten, to
join, to fit, akin to apisci to reach, attain: cf. Gr.
/ to fasten, Skr. \'bepta fit, fr. \'bep
to reach attain.]
1. Fit or fitted; suited; suitable;
appropriate.
They have always apt instruments.
Burke.
A river . . . apt to be forded by a lamb.
Jer. Taylor.
2. Having an habitual tendency; habitually liable
or likely; -- used of things.
My vines and peaches . . . were apt to have a soot
or smuttiness upon their leaves and fruit.
Temple.
This tree, if unprotected, is apt to be stripped of
the leaves by a leaf-cutting ant.
Lubbock.
3. Inclined; disposed customarily; given; ready; --
used of persons.
Apter to give than thou wit be to ask.
Beau. & Fl.
That lofty pity with which prosperous folk are apt
to remember their grandfathers.
F. Harrison.
4. Ready; especially fitted or qualified (to do
something); quick to learn; prompt; expert; as, a pupil
apt to learn; an apt scholar. \'bdAn
apt wit.\'b8
Johnson.
Live a thousand years,
I shall not find myself so apt to die.
Shak.
I find thee apt . . . Now, Hamlet, hear.
Shak.
Syn. -- Fit; meet; suitable; qualified; inclined; disposed;
liable; ready; quick; prompt.
Apt, v. t. [L. aptare. See
Aptate.] To fit; to suit; to adapt.
[Obs.] \'bd To apt their places.\'b8
B. Jonson.
That our speech be apted to edification.
Jer. Taylor.
Apt"a*ble (#), a. [LL.
aptabilis, fr. L. aptare.]
Capable of being adapted. [Obs.]
Sherwood.
Ap"tate (#), v. t. [L.
aptatus, p. p. of aptare. See
Apt.] To make fit. [Obs.]
Bailey
\'d8Ap"te*ra (#), n. pl. [NL.
aptera, fr. Gr. / without wings; / priv. + /
wing, / to fly.] (Zo\'94l.) Insects
without wings, constituting the seventh Linn\'91n order of
insects, an artificial group, which included Crustacea, spiders,
centipeds, and even worms. These animals are now placed in
several distinct classes and orders.
Ap"ter*al (#), a. 1.
(Zo\'94l.) Apterous.
2. (Arch.) Without lateral columns; --
applied to buildings which have no series of columns along their
sides, but are either prostyle or amphiprostyle, and opposed to
peripteral.
R. Cyc.
Ap"ter*an (#), n.
(Zo\'94l.) One of the Aptera.
\'d8Ap*te"ri*a (#), n. pl. [NL.
See Aptera.] (Zo\'94l.) Naked
spaces between the feathered areas of birds. See
Pteryli\'91.
Ap"ter*ous (#), a. 1.
(Zo\'94l.) Destitute of wings; apteral; as,
apterous insects.
2. (Bot.) Destitute of winglike
membranous expansions, as a stem or petiole; -- opposed to
atate.
\'d8Ap*ter"y*ges (#), n. pl.
[NL. See Apteryx.] (Zo\'94l.)
An order of birds, including the genus Apteryx.
\'d8Ap"te*ryx (#), n. [Gr. /
priv. + / wing. Cf. Aptera.]
(Zo\'94l.) A genus of New Zealand birds about the
size of a hen, with only short rudiments of wings, armed with a
claw and without a tail; the kiwi. It is allied to the gigantic
extinct moas of the same country. Five species are known.
Apt"i*tude (#), n. [F.
aptitude, LL. aptitudo, fr. L.
aptus. See Apt, and cf.
Attitude.] 1. A natural or acquired
disposition or capacity for a particular purpose, or tendency to
a particular action or effect; as, oil has an
aptitude to burn.
He seems to have had a peculiar aptitude for the
management of irregular troops.
Macaulay.
2. A general fitness or suitableness;
adaptation.
That sociable and helpful aptitude which God
implanted between man and woman.
Milton.
3. Readiness in learning; docility; aptness.
He was a boy of remarkable aptitude.
Macaulay.
Apt`i*tu"di*nal (#), a.
Suitable; fit. [Obs.]
Apt"ly (#), adv. In an apt or
suitable manner; fitly; properly; pertinently; appropriately;
readily.
Apt"ness, n. 1. Fitness;
suitableness; appropriateness; as, the aptness of
things to their end.
The aptness of his quotations.
J. R. Green.
<-- p. 76 -->
2. Disposition of the mind; propensity; as, the
aptness of men to follow example.
3. Quickness of apprehension; readiness in
learning; docility; as, an aptness to learn is more
observable in some children than in others.
4. Proneness; tendency; as, the
aptness of iron to rust.
Ap"tote (#), n. [L.
aptotum, Gr. / indeclinable; / priv. + / fallen,
declined, / to fall.] (Gram.) A noun
which has no distinction of cases; an indeclinable noun.
Ap*tot"ic (#), a. Pertaining
to, or characterized by, aptotes; uninflected; as,
aptotic languages.
\'d8Ap"ty*chus (#), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. / priv. + /, /, fold.] (Zo\'94l.)
A shelly plate found in the terminal chambers of ammonite
shells. Some authors consider them to be jaws; others,
opercula.
\'d8A"pus (#), n. [NL., fr. Gr.
/. See Apode, n.]
(Zo\'94l.) A genus of fresh-water phyllopod
crustaceans. See Phyllopod.
Ap`y*ret"ic (#), a. [Pref.
a/ not + pyretic.]
(Med.) Without fever; -- applied to days when
there is an intermission of fever.
Dunglison.
{ \'d8Ap`y*rex"i*a (#),
Ap`y*rex`y (#), } n. [NL.
apyrexia, fr. Gr. /; / priv. + / to be feverish,
fr. / fire: cf. F. apyrexie.]
(Med.) The absence or intermission of
fever.
Ap`y*rex"i*al (#), a.
(Med.) Relating to apyrexy.
\'bdApyrexial period.\'b8
Brande & C.
Ap"y*rous (#), a. [Gr. /; /
priv. + / fire.] Incombustible; capable of
sustaining a strong heat without alteration of form or
properties.
\'d8A"qua (#), n. [L. See
Ewer.] Water; -- a word much used in pharmacy
and the old chemistry, in various signification, determined by
the word or words annexed.
Aqua ammoni\'91, the aqueous solution of
ammonia; liquid ammonia; often called aqua
ammonia. -- Aqua marine (#),
or Aqua marina (#). Same as
Aquamarine. -- Aqua regia (#).
[L., royal water] (Chem.), a very
corrosive fuming yellow liquid consisting of nitric and
hydrochloric acids. It has the power of dissolving gold, the
\'bdroyal\'b8 metal. -- Aqua Tofana (#),
a fluid containing arsenic, and used for secret poisoning,
made by an Italian woman named Tofana, in the middle of
the 17th century, who is said to have poisoned more than 600
persons. Francis. -- Aqua vit\'91
(#) [L., water of life. Cf. Eau de vie,
Usquebaugh], a name given to brandy and some
other ardent spirits.
Shak.
\'d8A`qua for"tis (#). [L., strong
water.] (Chem.) Nitric acid.
[Archaic]
A`qua*ma*rine" (#), n.
(Min.) A transparent, pale green variety of
beryl, used as a gem. See Beryl.
A`qua*punc"ture (#), n. [L.
aqua water, + punctura puncture,
pungere, punctum, to, prick.]
(Med.) The introduction of water subcutaneously
for the relief of pain.
\'d8Aq`ua*relle" (#), n. [F.,
fr. Ital acquerello, fr. acqua water, L.
aqua.] A design or painting in thin
transparent water colors; also, the mode of painting in such
colors.
Aq`ua*rel"list (#), n. A
painter in thin transparent water colors.
{ A*qua"ri*al (#), A*qua"ri*an
(#), } a. Of or pertaining to an
aquarium.
A*qua"ri*an, n. [L. (assumed)
Aquarianus, fr. aqua: cf. F.
Aquarien. See Aqua.] (Eccl.
Hist.) One of a sect of Christian in the primitive
church who used water instead of wine in the Lord's Supper.
A*qua"ri*um (#), n.; pl. E.
Aquariums (#), L. Aquaria
(#). [L. See Aquarius,
Ewer.] An artificial pond, or a globe or tank
(usually with glass sides), in which living specimens of aquatic
animals or plants are kept.
\'d8A*qua"ri*us (#), n. [L.
aquarius, adj., relating to water, and n., a
water-carrier, fr. aqua. See Aqua.]
(Astron.) (a) The Water-bearer; the
eleventh sign in the zodiac, which the sun enters about the 20th
of January; -- so called from the rains which prevail at that
season in Italy and the East. (b) A
constellation south of Pegasus.
A*quat"ic (#), a. [L.
aquaticus: cf. F. aquatique. See
Aqua.] Pertaining to water growing in water;
living in, swimming in, or frequenting the margins of waters;
as, aquatic plants and fowls.
A*quat`ic, n. 1. An aquatic
animal or plant.
2. pl. Sports or exercises practiced
in or on the water.
A*quat"ic*al (#), a.
Aquatic. [R.]
Aq"ua*tile (#), a. [L.
aquatilis: cf. F. aquatile.]
Inhabiting the water. [R.]
Sir T. Browne.
{ A"qua*tint (#), A`qua*tin"ta
(#), } n. [It.
acquatinta dyed water; acqua (L.
aqua) water + tinto, fem. tinta,
dyed. See Tint.] A kind of etching in which
spaces are bitten by the use of aqua fortis, by which an effect
is produced resembling a drawing in water colors or India ink;
also, the engraving produced by this method.
Aq"ue*duct (#), n. [F.
aqueduc, OF. aqueduct (Cotgr.), fr. L.
aquaeductus; aquae, gen. of aqua
water + ductus a leading, ducere to lead.
See Aqua, Duke.] 1. A
conductor, conduit, or artificial channel for conveying water,
especially one for supplying large cities with water.
aqueduct
bridge.
2. (Anat.) A canal or passage; as,
the aqueduct of Sylvius, a channel connecting
the third and fourth ventricles of the brain.
A*que"i*ty (#), n.
Wateriness. [Obs.]
A"que*ous (#), a. [Cf. F.
aqueux, L. aquosus, fr. aqua.
See Aqua, Aquose.] 1.
Partaking of the nature of water, or abounding with it;
watery.
The aqueous vapor of the air.
Tyndall.
2. Made from, or by means of, water.
An aqueous deposit.
Dana.
Aqueous extract, an extract obtained from a
vegetable substance by steeping it in water. -- Aqueous
humor (Anat.), one the humors of the eye; a
limpid fluid, occupying the space between the crystalline lens
and the cornea. (See Eye.) -- Aqueous
rocks (Geol.), those which are deposited
from water and lie in strata, as opposed to volcanic
rocks, which are of igneous origin; -- called also
sedimentary rocks.
A`que*ous*ness, n. Wateriness.
A*quif"er*ous (#), a. [L.
aqua water + -ferous.]
Consisting or conveying water or a watery fluid; as,
aquiferous vessels; the aquiferous
system.
A"qui*form (#), a. [L.
aqua water + -form.] Having the
form of water.
\'d8Aq"ui*la (#), n; pl.
Aquil\'91 (#). [L., an
eagle.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of
eagles.
2. (Astron.) A northern constellation
southerly from Lyra and Cygnus and preceding the Dolphin; the
Eagle.
Aquila alba [L., white eagle], an
alchemical name of calomel.
Brande & C.
Aq"ui*la`ted (#), a.
(Her.) Adorned with eagles' heads.
Aq"ui*line (?; 277), a. [L.
aquilinus, fr. aquila eagle: cf. F.
aquilin. See Eagle. ] 1.
Belonging to or like an eagle.
2. Curving; hooked; prominent, like the beak of an
eagle; -- applied particularly to the nose
Terribly arched and aquiline his nose.
Cowper.
Aq"ui*lon (#), n. [L.
aquilo, -lonis: cf. F.
aquilon.] The north wind.
[Obs.]
Shak.
A*quip"a*rous (#), a. [L.
aqua water + parere to bring forth.]
(Med.) Secreting water; -- applied to certain
glands.
Dunglison.
Aq`ui*ta"ni*an (#), a. Of or
pertaining to Aquitania, now called Gascony.
A*quose" (#), a. [L.
aquosus watery, fr. aqua. See
Aqua, Aqueous.] Watery;
aqueous. [R.]
Bailey.
A*quos"i*ty (#), n. [LL.
aquositas.] The condition of being wet or
watery; wateriness.
Huxley.
Very little water or aquosity is found in their
belly.
Holland.
Ar (#), conj. Ere;
before. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
\'d8A"ra (#), n. [L.]
(Astron.) The Altar; a southern constellation,
south of the tail of the Scorpion.
\'d8A"ra (#), n. [Native Indian
name.] (Zo\'94l.) A name of the great blue
and yellow macaw (Ara ararauna), native of South
America.
Ar"ab (?; 277), n. [Prob.
ultimately fr. Heb. arabah a desert, the name
employed, in the Old Testament, to denote the valley of the
Jordan and Dead Sea. Ar. Arab, Heb. arabi,
arbi, arbim: cf. F. Arabe, L.
Arabs, Gr. /.] One of a swarthy race
occupying Arabia, and numerous in Syria, Northern Africa,
etc.
Street Arab, a homeless vagabond in the
streets of a city, particularly and outcast boy or girl.
Tylor.
The ragged outcasts and street Arabs who are
shivering in damp doorways.
Lond. Sat. Rev.
Ar`a*besque" (#), n. [F.
arabesque, fr. It. arabesco, fr.
Arabo Arab.] A style of ornamentation
either painted, inlaid, or carved in low relief. It consists of a
pattern in which plants, fruits, foliage, etc., as well as
figures of men and animals, real or imaginary, are fantastically
interlaced or put together.
Moresque.) The arabesques of the
Renaissance were founded on Greco-Roman work.
Ar`a*besque", a. 1.
Arabian. [Obs.]
2. Relating to, or exhibiting, the style of
ornament called arabesque; as, arabesque
frescoes.
Ar`a*besqued" (#), a.
Ornamented in the style of arabesques.
A*ra"bi*an (#), a. Of or
pertaining to Arabia or its inhabitants.
Arabian bird, the phenix.
Shak.
A*ra"bi*an, n. A native of Arabia; an
Arab.
Ar"a*bic (#), a. [L.
Arabicus, fr. Arabia.] Of or
pertaining to Arabia or the Arabians.
Arabic numerals or
figures, the nine digits, 1, 2, 3, etc.,
and the cipher 0. -- Gum arabic. See under
Gum.
Ar"a*bic, n. The language of the
Arabians.
Arabic is a Semitic language, allied
to the Hebrew. It is very widely diffused, being the language in
which all Mohammedans must read the Koran, and is spoken as a
vernacular tongue in Arabia, Syria, and Northern Africa.
A*rab"ic*al (#), a. Relating to
Arabia; Arabic. -- A*rab"ic*al*ly,
adv.
Ar"a*bin (#), n. 1.
(Chem.) A carbohydrate, isomeric with cane sugar,
contained in gum arabic, from which it is extracted as
a white, amorphous substance.
2. Mucilage, especially that made of gum
arabic.
Ar"a*bin*ose` (#), n.
(Chem.) A sugar of the composition
C5H10O5, obtained from cherry gum by boiling it
with dilute sulphuric acid.
Ar"a*bism (#), n. [Cf. F.
Arabisme.] An Arabic idiom peculiarly of
language.
Stuart.
Ar`a*bist (#), n. [Cf. F.
Arabiste.] One well versed in the Arabic
language or literature; also, formerly, one who followed the
Arabic system of surgery.
Ar"a*ble (#), a. [F.
arable, L. arabilis, fr. arare
to plow, akin to Gr. /, E. ear, to plow. See
Earable.] Fit for plowing or tillage; --
hence, often applied to land which has been plowed or
tilled.
Ar"a*ble, n. Arable land; plow
land.
Ar"a*by (#), n. The country of
Arabia. [Archaic & Poetic]
\'d8Ar`a*ca*nese" (#), a. Of or
pertaining to Aracan, a province of British Burmah. --
n. sing. & pl. A native or natives of
Aracan.
\'d8A`ra*/a"ri (#), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A South American bird, of the genus
Pleroglossius, allied to the toucans. There are
several species.
A*race" (#), v. t. [OE.
aracen, arasen, OF. arachier,
esracier, F. arracher, fr. L.
exradicare, eradicare. The prefix
a- is perh. due to L. ab. See
Eradicate.] To tear up by the roots; to draw
away. [Obs.]
Wyatt.
A*ra"ceous (#), a. [L.
arum a genus of plants, fr. Gr. /.]
(Bot.) Of or pertaining to an order of plants, of
which the genus Arum is the type.
A*rach"nid (#), n. An
arachnidan.
Huxley.
\'d8A*rach"ni*da (#), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / spider.] (Zo\'94l.)
One of the classes of Arthropoda. See
Illustration in Appendix.
Araneina, or spiders;
Arthrogastra, including scorpions,
etc.; and Acarina, or mites and
ticks.
A*rach"ni*dan (#), n. [Gr. /
spider.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the
Arachnida.
Ar`ach*nid"i*al (#), a.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) Of or pertaining to the
Arachnida. (b) Pertaining to the
arachnidium.
\'d8Ar`ach*nid"i*um (#), n.
[NL. See Arachnida.] (Zo\'94l.)
The glandular organ in which the material for the web of
spiders is secreted.
\'d8Ar`ach*ni"tis (#), n. [Gr.
/ + /.] (Med.) Inflammation of the
arachnoid membrane.
A*rach"noid (#), a. [Gr. /
like a cobweb; / spider, spider's web + / form.]
1. Resembling a spider's web; cobweblike.
2. (Anat.) Pertaining to a thin membrane
of the brain and spinal cord, between the dura mater and pia
mater.
3. (Bot.) Covered with, or composed of,
soft, loose hairs or fibers, so as to resemble a cobweb;
cobwebby.
A*rach"noid, n. 1.
(Anat.) The arachnoid membrane.
2. (Zo\'94l.) One of the
Arachnoidea.
Ar`ach*noid"al (#), a.
(Anat.) Pertaining to the arachnoid membrane;
arachnoid.
\'d8Ar`ach*noid"e*a (#), n. pl.
[NL.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as
Arachnida.
A*rach`no*log"ic*al (#), a. Of
or pertaining to arachnology.
Ar`ach*nol"o*gist (#), n. One
who is versed in, or studies, arachnology.
Ar`ach*nol"o*gy (#), n. [Gr.
/ spider + -logy.] The department of
zo\'94logy which treats of spiders and other Arachnida.
A`r\'91*om"e*ter (?; 277). See
Areometer.
A*r\'91"o*style (#), a. & n.
[L. araeostylos, Gr. /; / at intervals + /
pillar, column.] (Arch.) See
Intercolumniation.
A*r\'91`o*sys"tyle (#), a. & n.
[Gr. / as intervals + /. See Systyle.]
(Arch.) See Intercolumniation.
Ar`a*go*nese (#), a. Of or
pertaining to Aragon, in Spain, or to its inhabitants. --
n. sing. & pl. A native or natives of
Aragon, in Spain.
A*rag"o*nite (#), n. [From
Aragon, in Spain.] (Min.) A
mineral identical in composition with calcite or carbonate of
lime, but differing from it in its crystalline form and some of
its physical characters.
\'d8A`ra*gua"to (#), n. [Native
name.] (Zo\'94l.) A South American monkey,
the ursine howler (Mycetes ursinus). See
Howler, n., 2.
A*raise"" (#), v. t. To
raise. [Obs.]
Shak.
Ar"ak (#), n. Same as
Arrack.
{ Ar`a*m\'91an, Ar`a*me"an }
(#), a. [L. Aramaeus, Gr.
/, fr. Heb. Ar\'bem, i. e.
Highland, a name given to Syria and Mesopotamia.] Of
or pertaining to the Syrians and Chaldeans, or to their language;
Aramaic. -- n. A native of
Aram.
Ar`a*ma"ic (#), a. [See
Aram\'91an, a.] Pertaining to Aram, or to the
territory, inhabitants, language, or literature of Syria and
Mesopotamia; Aram\'91an; -- specifically applied to the northern
branch of the Semitic family of languages, including Syriac and
Chaldee. -- n. The Aramaic
language.
Ar`a*ma"ism (#), n. An idiom of
the Aramaic.
{ \'d8Ar`a*ne"i*da (#),
\'d8Ar`a*ne*oid"e*a (#), } n.
pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) See
Araneina.
Ar`a*ne"i*dan (#), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Araneina or
spiders. -- n. One of the Araneina;
a spider.
Ar`a*ne"i*form (#) a. [L.
aranea spider + -form.]
(Zo\'94l.) Having the form of a spider.
Kirby.
\'d8A*ra`ne*i"na (#), n. pl.
[NL., fr. L. aranea spider.]
(Zo\'94l.) The order of Arachnida that includes
the spiders.
Illustration in
Appendix.
A*ra"ne*ose`, a. [L.
araneous.] Of the aspect of a spider's web;
arachnoid.
A*ra"ne*ous (#), a. [L.
araneosus, fr. aranea spider, spider's
web.] Cobweblike; extremely thin and delicate, like a
cobweb; as, the araneous membrane of the eye.
See Arachnoid.
Derham.
<-- p. 77 -->
\'d8A*ran"go (#), n.; pl.
Arangoes (#). [The native name.]
A bead of rough carnelian. Arangoes were formerly imported
from Bombay for use in the African slave trade.
McCulloch.
\'d8A`ra*pai"ma (#), n. [Prob.
native name.] (Zo\'94l.) A large
fresh-water food fish of South America.
\'d8A*ra"ra (#), n. [Native
name.] (Zo\'94l.) The palm (or great black)
cockatoo, of Australia (Microglossus aterrimus).
A*ra"tion (#), n. [L.
aratio, fr. arare to plow.]
Plowing; tillage. [R.]
Lands are said to be in a state of aration when
they are under tillage.
Brande.
Ar"a*to*ry (#), a. [LL.
aratorius: cf. F. aratoire.]
Contributing to tillage.
\'d8Ar`au*ca"ri*a (#), n.
[Araucania, a territory south of Chili.]
(Bot.) A genus of tall conifers of the pine
family. The species are confined mostly to South America and
Australia. The wood cells differ from those of other in having
the dots in their lateral surfaces in two or three rows, and the
dots of contiguous rows alternating. The seeds are edible.
Ar`au*ca"ri*an (#), a. Relating
to, or of the nature of, the Araucaria. The earliest conifers in
geological history were mostly Araucarian.
Dana.
{ Ar"ba*lest (#), Ar"ba*list
(#), } n. [OF.
arbaleste, LL. arbalista, for L.
arcuballista; arcus bow +
ballista a military engine. See
Ballista.] (Antiq.) A crossbow,
consisting of a steel bow set in a shaft of wood, furnished with
a string and a trigger, and a mechanical device for bending the
bow. It served to throw arrows, darts, bullets, etc.
[Written also arbalet and
arblast.]
Fosbroke.
{ Ar"ba*lest`er (#),
Ar"ba*list`er (#), } n.
[OF. arblastere, OF. arbalestier. See
Arbalest.] A crossbowman.
[Obs.]
Speed.
Ar"bi*ter (#), n. [L.
arbiter; ar- (for ad) + the root
of betere to go; hence properly, one who comes up to
look on.] 1. A person appointed, or chosen,
by parties to determine a controversy between them.
arbitrator is the
technical word.
2. Any person who has the power of judging and
determining, or ordaining, without control; one whose power of
deciding and governing is not limited.
For Jove is arbiter of both to man.
Cowper.
Syn. -- Arbitrator; umpire; director; referee; controller;
ruler; governor.
Ar"bi*ter, v. t. To act as arbiter
between. [Obs.]
Ar"bi*tra*ble (#), a. [Cf. F.
arbitrable, fr. L. arbitrari. See
Arbitrate, v. t.] Capable of being
decided by arbitration; determinable.
[Archaic]
Bp. Hall.
Ar"bi*trage (#), n. [F., fr.
arbiter to give judgment, L.
arbitrari.] 1. Judgment by an
arbiter; authoritative determination.
[Archaic]
2. (Com) A traffic in bills of exchange
(see Arbitration of Exchange); also, a traffic in
stocks which bear differing values at the same time in different
markets.
Ar"bi*tral (#), a. [L.
arbitralis.] Of or relating to an arbiter
or an arbitration. [R.]
Ar*bit"ra*ment (#), n. [LL.
arbitramentum.] 1. Determination;
decision; arbitration.
The arbitrament of time.
Everett.
Gladly at this moment would MacIvor have put their quarrel to
personal arbitrament.
Sir W. Scott.
2. The award of arbitrators.
Cowell.
Ar"bi*tra*ri*ly (#), adv. In an
arbitrary manner; by will only; despotically; absolutely.
Ar"bi*tra*ri*ness, n. The quality of
being arbitrary; despoticalness; tyranny.
Bp. Hall.
Ar`bi*tra"ri*ous (#), a. [L.
arbitrarius. See Arbitrary.]
Arbitrary; despotic. [Obs.] --
Ar`bi*tra"*ri*ous*ly, adv.
[Obs.]
Ar"bi*tra*ry (#), a. [L.
arbitrarius, fr. arbiter: cf. F.
arbitraire. See Arbiter.] 1.
Depending on will or discretion; not governed by any fixed
rules; as, an arbitrary decision; an
arbitrary punishment.
It was wholly arbitrary in them to do so.
Jer. Taylor.
Rank pretends to fix the value of every one, and is the most
arbitrary of all things.
Landor.
2. Exercised according to one's own will or
caprice, and therefore conveying a notion of a tendency to abuse
the possession of power.
Arbitrary power is most easily established on the
ruins of liberty abused licentiousness.
Washington.
3. Despotic; absolute in power; bound by no law;
harsh and unforbearing; tyrannical; as, an arbitrary
prince or government.
Dryden.
Arbitrary constant, Arbitrary
function (Math.), a quantity of
function that is introduced into the solution of a problem, and
to which any value or form may at will be given, so that the
solution may be made to meet special requirements. --
Arbitrary quantity (Math.), one to
which any value can be assigned at pleasure.
Ar"bi*trate (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Arbitrated
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Arbitrating
(#).] [L. arbitratus, p. p.
of arbitrari to be a hearer or beholder of something,
to make a decision, to give judgment, fr. arbiter. See
Arbiter.] 1. To hear and decide, as
arbitrators; as, to choose to arbitrate a disputed
case.
2. To decide, or determine generally.
South.
There shall your swords and lances arbitrate
The swelling difference of your settled hate.
Shak.
Ar"bi*trate (#), v. i. 1.
To decide; to determine.
Shak.
2. To act as arbitrator or judge; as, to
arbitrate upon several reports;; to arbitrate
in disputes among heighbors; to arbitrate between
parties to a suit.
Ar`bi*tra"tion (#), n. [F.
arbitration, L. arbitratio, fr.
arbitrari.] The hearing and determination
of a cause between parties in controversy, by a person or persons
chosen by the parties.
arbitrators; or for each
party to choose one, and these to name a third, who is called the
umpire. Their determination is called the
award.
Bouvier
Arbitration bond, a bond which obliges one to
abide by the award of an arbitration. -- Arbitration of
Exchange, the operation of converting the currency of
one country into that of another, or determining the rate of
exchange between such countries or currencies. An arbitrated
rate is one determined by such arbitration through the
medium of one or more intervening currencies.
Ar"bi*tra`tor (#), n. [L., fr.
arbitrari: cf. F. arbitrateur.]
1. A person, or one of two or more persons, chosen
by parties who have a controversy, to determine their
differences. See Arbitration.
2. One who has the power of deciding or prescribing
without control; a ruler; a governor.
Though Heaven be shut,
And Heaven's high Arbitrators sit secure.
Milton.
Masters of their own terms and arbitrators of a
peace.
Addison.
Syn. -- Judge; umpire; referee; arbiter. See
Judge.
Ar"bi*tra`trix (#), n. [L.,
fem. of arbitrator.] A female who
arbitrates or judges.
Ar"bi*tress (#), n. [From
Arbiter.] A female arbiter; an
arbitratrix.
Milton.
Ar"blast (#), n. A crossbow.
See Arbalest.
Ar"bor (#), n. [OE.
herber, herbere, properly a garden of
herbs, F. herbier, fr. L. herbarium. See
Herb, and cf. Herbarium.] A kind of
latticework formed of, or covered with, vines, branches of trees,
or other plants, for shade; a bower.
Sir P. Sidney.
Ar"bor, n. [Written also
arbour.] [L., a tree, a beam.]
1. (Bot.) A tree, as distinguished from
a shrub.
2. [Cf. F. arbre.]
(Mech.) (a) An axle or spindle of a
wheel or opinion. (b) A mandrel in lathe
turning.
Knight.
Arbor Day, a day appointed for planting trees
and shrubs. [U.S.]
Ar"bo*ra*ry (#), a. [L.
arborarius, fr. arbor tree.] Of
or pertaining to trees; arboreal.
Ar"bo*ra`tor (#), n. [L., fr.
arbor tree.] One who plants or who prunes
trees. [Obs.]
Evelyn.
\'d8Ar"bor Di*a"n\'91 (#). [L., the tree
of Diana, or silver.] (Chem.) A
precipitation of silver, in a beautiful arborescent form.
Ar*bo"re*al (#), a. 1.
Of or pertaining to a tree, or to trees; of nature of
trees.
Cowley.
2. Attached to, found in or upon, or frequenting,
woods or trees; as, arboreal animals.
Woodpeckers are eminently arboreal.
Darwin.
Ar"bored (#), a. Furnished with
an arbor; lined with trees. \'bdAn arboreal
walk.\'b8
Pollok.
Ar*bo"re*ous (#), a. [L.
arboreous, fr. arbor tree.]
1. Having the form, constitution, or habits, of a
proper tree, in distinction from a shrub.
Loudon.
2. Pertaining to, or growing on, trees; as,
arboreous moss.
Quincy.
Ar`bo*res"cence (#), n. The
state of being arborescent; the resemblance to a tree in
minerals, or crystallizations, or groups of crystals in that
form; as, the arborescence produced by precipitating
silver.
Ar`bo*res"cent (#), a. [L.
arborescens, p. pr. of arborescere to
become a tree, fr. arbor tree.] Resembling
a tree; becoming woody in stalk; dendritic; having
crystallizations disposed like the branches and twigs of a
tree. \'bdArborescent hollyhocks.\'b8
Evelyn.
Ar"bo*ret (#), n. [OF.
arboret, dim. of arbre tree, L.
arbor] A small tree or shrub.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
Among thick-woven arborets, and flowers
Imbordered on each bank.
Milton.
\'d8Ar`bo*re"tum (#), n.; pl.
Arboreta (#). [L., a place grown
with trees.] A place in which a collection of rare
trees and shrubs is cultivated for scientific or educational
purposes.
Ar*bor"ic*al (#), a. Relating
to trees. [Obs.]
Ar*bor"i*cole (#), a. [L.
arbor + colere to inhabit.]
(Zo\'94l.) Tree-inhabiting; -- said of certain
birds.
Ar`bor*i*cul"tur*al (#), a.
Pertaining to arboriculture.
Loudon.
Ar`bor*i*cul"ture (?; 135), n.
[L. arbor tree + cultura. See
Culture.] The cultivation of trees and
shrubs, chiefly for timber or for ornamental purposes.
Ar`bor*i*cul"tur*ist, n. One who
cultivates trees.
Ar*bor"i*form (#), a. Treelike
in shape.
Ar"bor*ist (#), n. [F.
arboriste, fr. L. arbor tree.]
One who makes trees his study, or who is versed in the
knowledge of trees.
Howell.
Ar`bor*i*za"tion (#), n. [Cf.
F. arborisation, fr. L. arbor tree.]
The appearance or figure of a tree or plant, as in minerals
or fossils; a dendrite.
Ar"bor*ized (#), a. Having a
treelike appearance. \'bdAn arborized or moss
agate.\'b8
Wright.
Ar"bor*ous (#), a. Formed by
trees. [Obs.]
From under shady, arborous roof.
Milton.
Ar"bor vine` (#). A species of
bindweed.
<-- note no *pos* in this def, in original -->
\'d8Ar"bor vi"t\'91 (#). [L., tree of
life.] 1. (Bot.) An evergreen tree
of the cypress tribe, genus Thuja. The American
species is the T. occidentalis.
2. (Anat.) The treelike disposition of
the gray and white nerve tissues in the cerebellum, as seen in a
vertical section.
Ar"bus*cle (#), n. [L.
arbuscula small tree, shrub, dim. of arbor
tree.] A dwarf tree, one in size between a shrub and a
tree; a treelike shrub.
Bradley.
Ar*bus"cu*lar (#), a. Of or
pertaining to a dwarf tree; shrublike.
Da Costa.
Ar*bus"tive (#), a. [L.
arbustivus, fr. arbustum place where trees
are planted.] Containing copses of trees or shrubs;
covered with shrubs.
Bartram.
{ Ar"bu*tus (#), Ar"bute
(#), } n. [L. arbutus,
akin to arbor tree.] The strawberry tree, a
genus of evergreen shrubs, of the Heath family. It has a berry
externally resembling the strawberry; the arbute tree.
Trailing arbutus (Bot.), a creeping
or trailing plant of the Heath family (Epig\'91a
repens), having white or usually rose-colored flowers with
a delicate fragrance, growing in small axillary clusters, and
appearing early in the spring; in New England known as
mayflower; -- called also ground
laurel.
Gray.
Arc (#), n. [F. arc,
L. arcus bow, arc. See Arch,
n.] 1. (Geom.) A
portion of a curved line; as, the arc of a circle or
of an ellipse.
2. A curvature in the shape of a circular arc or an
arch; as, the colored arc (the rainbow); the
arc of Hadley's quadrant.
3. An arch. [Obs.]
Statues and trophies, and triumphal arcs.
Milton.
4. The apparent arc described, above or below the
horizon, by the sun or other celestial body. The diurnal
arc is described during the daytime, the nocturnal
arc during the night.
Electric arc, Voltaic arc.
See under Voltaic.
Ar*cade" (#), n. [F.
arcade, Sp. arcada, LL. arcata,
fr. L. arcus bow, arch.] 1.
(Arch.) (a) A series of arches with the
columns or piers which support them, the spandrels above, and
other necessary appurtenances; sometimes open, serving as an
entrance or to give light; sometimes closed at the back (as in
the cut) and forming a decorative feature. (b)
A long, arched building or gallery.
2. An arched or covered passageway or avenue.
Ar*cad"ed (#), a. Furnished
with an arcade.
Ar*ca"di*a (#), n. [L.
Arcadia, Gr. /.] 1. A
mountainous and picturesque district of Greece, in the heart of
the Peloponnesus, whose people were distinguished for contentment
and rural happiness.
2. Fig.: Any region or scene of simple pleasure and
untroubled quiet.
Where the cow is, there is Arcadia.
J. Burroughs.
{ Ar*ca"di*an (#), Ar*ca"dic
(#), } a. [L. Arcadius,
Arcadicus, fr. Arcadia: cf. F.
Arcadien, Arcadique.] Of or
pertaining to Arcadia; pastoral; ideally rural; as,
Arcadian simplicity or scenery.
Ar*cane" (#), a. [L.
arcanus.] Hidden; secret.
[Obs.] \'bdThe arcane part of divine
wisdom.\'b8
Berkeley.
\'d8Ar*ca"num (#), n.; pl.
Arcana (#). [L., fr.
arcanus closed, secret, fr. arca chest,
box, fr. arcere to inclose. See Ark.]
1. A secret; a mystery; -- generally used in the
plural.
Inquiries into the arcana of the Godhead.
Warburton.
2. (Med.) A secret remedy; an
elixir.
Dunglison.
\'d8Arc`*bou`tant" (#), n.
[F.] (Arch.) A flying buttress.
Gwilt.
Arch (#), n. [F.
arche, fr. LL. arca, for arcus.
See Arc.] 1. (Geom.) Any
part of a curved line.
2. (Arch.) (a) Usually a curved
member made up of separate wedge-shaped solids, with the joints
between them disposed in the direction of the radii of the curve;
used to support the wall or other weight above an opening. In
this sense arches are segmental, round (i.
e., semicircular), or pointed. (b)
A flat arch is a member constructed of stones cut into
wedges or other shapes so as to support each other without rising
in a curve.
3. Any place covered by an arch; an archway;
as, to pass into the arch of a bridge.
4. Any curvature in the form of an arch; as,
the arch of the aorta. \'bdColors of the
showery arch.\'b8
Milton.
Triumphal arch, a monumental structure
resembling an arched gateway, with one or more passages, erected
to commemorate a triumph.
Arch, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Arched (#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Arching.] 1. To cover with an
arch or arches.
2. To form or bend into the shape of an arch.
The horse arched his neck.
Charlesworth.
Arch, v. i. To form into an arch; to
curve.
<-- p. 78 -->
Arch- (\'84rch-, except in archangel and
one or two other words). [L. arch-, Gr.
///. See Arch-.] A prefix signifying
chief, as in archbuilder,
archfiend.
Arch (#), a. [See
Arch-, pref.] 1. Chief; eminent;
greatest; principal.
The most arch act of piteous massacre.
Shak.
2. Cunning or sly; sportively mischievous; roguish;
as, an arch look, word, lad.
[He] spoke his request with so arch a leer.
Tatler.
Arch, n. [See Arch-,
pref.] A chief. [Obs.]
My worthy arch and patron comes to-night.
Shak.
*arch (#). [Gr. / chief, commander, /
to rule. See Arch, a.] A suffix
meaning a ruler, as in monarch (a sole
ruler).
Ar*ch\'91"an (#), a. [Gr. /
ancient, fr. / beginning.] Ancient; pertaining to
the earliest period in geological history.
Ar*ch\'91"an, n. (Geol.) The
earliest period in geological period, extending up to the Lower
Silurian. It includes an Azoic age, previous to the
appearance of life, and an Eozoic age, including the
earliest forms of life.
Azoic, and to the Eozoic of Dawson.
Ar`ch\'91*og"ra*phy (#), n.
[Gr. / ancient + -graphy.] A
description of, or a treatise on, antiquity or antiquities.
Ar`ch\'91*o*lith"ic (#), a.
[Gr. / ancient + / pertaining to a stone.]
(Arch\'91ol.) Of or pertaining to the earliest
Stone age; -- applied to a prehistoric period preceding the
Paleolithic age.
Ar`ch\'91*o*lo"gi*an (#), n. An
arch\'91ologist.
{ Ar`ch\'91*o*log"ic (#),
Ar`ch\'91*o*log"ic*al (#), }
Relating to arch\'91ology, or antiquities; as,
arch\'91ological researches. --
Ar`*ch\'91*o*log"ic*al*ly,
adv.
Ar`ch\'91*ol"o*gist (#), n. One
versed in arch\'91ology; an antiquary.
Wright.
Ar`ch\'91*ol"o*gy (#), n. [Gr.
/; / ancient (fr. / beginning) + / discourse, / to
speak.] The science or study of antiquities, esp.
prehistoric antiquities, such as the remains of buildings or
monuments of an early epoch, inscriptions, implements, and other
relics, written manuscripts, etc.
\'d8Ar`ch\'91*op"te*ryx (#), n.
[Gr. / ancient + / wing.] (Paleon.)
A fossil bird, of the Jurassic period, remarkable for having
a long tapering tail of many vertebr\'91 with feathers along each
side, and jaws armed with teeth, with other reptilian
characteristics.
Ar`ch\'91*o*stom"a*tous (#), a.
[Gr. / ancient + / mouth.] (Biol.)
Applied to a gastrula when the blastorope does not entirely
up.
Ar`ch\'91*o*zo"ic (#), a. [Gr.
/ ancient + / animal.] (Zo\'94l.) Like
or belonging to the earliest forms of animal life.
Ar*cha"ic (#), a. [Gr. /
old-fashioned, fr. / ancient.] Of or characterized
by antiquity or archaism; antiquated; obsolescent.
Ar*cha"ic*al (#), a.
Archaic. [R.] --
Ar*cha"ic*al*ly, adv.
Ar"cha*ism (#), n. [Gr. /,
fr. / ancient, fr. / beginning: cf. F.
archa\'8bsme. See Arch, a.]
1. An ancient, antiquated, or old-fashioned, word,
expression, or idiom; a word or form of speech no longer in
common use.
2. Antiquity of style or use; obsoleteness.
A select vocabulary corresponding (in point of
archaism and remoteness from ordinary use) to our
Scriptural vocabulary.
De Quincey.
Ar"cha*ist, n. 1. Am
antiquary.
2. One who uses archaisms.
Ar`cha*is"tic (#), a. Like, or
imitative of, anything archaic; pertaining to an archaism.
Ar"cha*ize (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Archaized
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Archaizing.] [Gr. /.] To
make appear archaic or antique.
Mahaffy.
Arch`an"gel (#), n. [L.
archangelus, Gr. /: cf. OF. archangel, F.
archange. See Arch-, pref., and
Angel.] 1. A chief angel; one high
in the celestial hierarchy.
Milton.
2. (Bot.) A term applied to several
different species of plants (Angelica archangelica, Lamium
album, etc.).
Arch`an*gel"ic (#), a. [Cf. F.
archang\'82lique.] Of or pertaining to
archangels; of the nature of, or resembling, an archangel.
Milton.
Arch`bish"op (#), n. [AS.
arcebisceop, arcebiscop, L.
archiepiscopus, fr. Gr. /. See
Bishop.] A chief bishop; a church dignitary
of the first class (often called a metropolitan or primate) who
superintends the conduct of the suffragan bishops in his
province, and also exercises episcopal authority in his own
diocese.
Arch`bish"op*ric (#), n. [AS.
arcebiscopr\'c6ce. See -ric.] The
jurisdiction or office of an archbishop; the see or province over
which archbishop exercises archiepiscopal authority.
Arch" brick` (#). A wedge-shaped brick
used in the building of an arch.
Arch`but"ler (#), n. [Pref.
arch- + butler.] A chief butler;
-- an officer of the German empire.
Arch`cham"ber*lain (#), n. [Cf.
G. erzk\'84mmerer. See Arch-,
pref.] A chief chamberlain; -- an officer
of the old German empire, whose office was similar to that of the
great chamberlain in England.
Arch`chan"cel*lor (#), n. [Cf.
Ger. erzkanzler. See Arch-,
pref.] A chief chancellor; -- an officer in
the old German empire, who presided over the secretaries of the
court.
Arch`chem"ic (#), a. Of supreme
chemical powers. [R.] \'bdThe
archchemic sun.\'b8
Milton.
Arch`dea"con (#), n. [AS.
arcediacon, archidiacon, L.
archidiaconus, fr. Gr. /. See Arch-,
pref., and Deacon.] In
England, an ecclesiastical dignitary, next in rank below a
bishop, whom he assists, and by whom he is appointed, though with
independent authority.
Blackstone.
Arch`dea"con*ry, n. The district,
office, or residence of an archdeacon. See
Benefice.
Every diocese is divided into archdeaconries.
Blackstone.
Arch`dea"con*ship, n. The office of an
archdeacon.
Arch`di"o*cese (#), n. [Pref.
arch- + diocese.] The diocese of
an archbishop.
Arch`du"cal (#), a. Of or
pertaining to an archduke or archduchy.
Arch`duch"ess (#), n. [Pref.
arch- + duchess.] The consort of
an archduke; also, a princess of the imperial family of Austria.
See Archduke.
Arch`duch"y, n. The territory of an
archduke or archduchess.
Ash.
Arch`duke" (#), n. [Pref.
arch- + duke.] A prince of the
imperial family of Austria.
archduke,
and all such female descendants archduchesses.
Arch`duke"dom (#), n. An
archduchy.
\'d8Ar`che*bi*o"sis (#), n.
[Pref. arche- / archi- + Gr. /, /,
life.] To origination of living matter from
non-living. See Abiogenesis.
Bastian.
Arched (#), a. Made with an
arch or curve; covered with an arch; as, an arched
door.
Ar`che*go"ni*al (#), a.
Relating to the archegonium.
\'d8Ar`che*go"ni*um (#), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. / the first of a race.]
(Bot.) The pistillidium or female organ in the
higher cryptogamic plants, corresponding to the pistil in
flowering plants.
Ar*cheg"o*ny (#), n. [See
Archegonium.] (Biol.) Spontaneous
generation; abiogenesis.
Ar*chel"o*gy (#), n. [Gr. /
an element or first principle + -logy.] The
science of, or a treatise on, first principles.
Fleming.
\'d8Ar`chen*ceph"a*la (#), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. pref. / + / the brain.]
(Zo\'94l.) The division that includes man
alone.
R. Owen.
Arch`en"e*my (#), n. [Pref.
arch- + enemy.] A principal
enemy. Specifically, Satan, the grand adversary of mankind.
Milton.
Arch`en*ter"ic (#), a.
(Biol.) Relating to the archenteron; as,
archenteric invagination.
\'d8Arch`en"ter*on, n. [Pref.
arch- + Gr. / intestine.] (Biol.)
The primitive enteron or undifferentiated digestive sac of a
gastrula or other embryo. See Illust. under
Invagination.
Ar`che*ol"o*gy (#), n.,
Ar`che*o*log`ic*al (#), a.
Same as Arch\'91ology, etc.
Arch"er (#), n.
[archier, F. archer, LL.
arcarius, fr. L. arcus bow. See
Arc, Arch, n.] A bowman,
one skilled in the use of the bow and arrow.
Arch"er*ess (#), n. A female
archer.
Markham.
Arch"er fish` (#). (Zo\'94l.) A
small fish (Toxotes jaculator), of the East Indies; --
so called from its ejecting drops of water from its mouth at its
prey. The name is also applied to Ch\'91todon
rostratus.
Arch"er*ship, n. The art or skill of an
archer.
Arch"er*y (#), n. [OE.
archerie.] 1. The use of the bow
and arrows in battle, hunting, etc.; the art, practice, or skill
of shooting with a bow and arrows.
2. Archers, or bowmen, collectively.
Let all our archery fall off
In wings of shot a-both sides of the van.
Webster (1607).
Arch"es (#), pl. of Arch,
n.
Court of arches, or Arches
Court (Eng. Law), the court of appeal
of the Archbishop of Canterbury, whereof the judge, who sits as
deputy to the archbishop, is called the Dean of the
Arches, because he anciently held his court in the
church of St. Mary-le-Bow (de arcubus). It is now held
in Westminster.
Mozley & W.
Ar"che*ty`pal (#), a. Of or
pertaining to an archetype; consisting a model (real or ideal) or
pattern; original. \'bdOne archetypal mind.\'b8
Gudworth.
archetypal world is
the world as it existed as an idea of God before the
creation.
Ar"che*ty`pal*ly, adv. With reference to
the archetype; originally. \'bdParts archetypally
distinct.\'bd
Dana.
Ar"che*type (#), n. [L.
archetypum, Gr. /, fr. / stamped first and as
model; / / + / stamp, figure, pattern, / to strike: cf.
F. arch\'82type. See Arch-,
pref.] 1. The original pattern or
model of a work; or the model from which a thing is made or
formed.
The House of Commons, the archetype of all the
representative assemblies which now meet.
Macaulay.
Types and shadows of that glorious archetype that
was to come into the world.
South.
2. (Coinage) The standard weight or coin
by which others are adjusted.
3. (Biol.) The plan or fundamental
structure on which a natural group of animals or plants or their
systems of organs are assumed to have been constructed; as,
the vertebrate archetype.
Ar`che*typ"ic*al (#), a.
Relating to an archetype; archetypal.
\'d8Ar*che"us (#), n. [LL.
arch/us, Gr. / ancient, primeval, fr. /
beginning. See Archi-, pref.] The
vital principle or force which (according to the Paracelsians)
presides over the growth and continuation of living beings; the
anima mundi or plastic power of the old
philosophers. [Obs.]
Johnson.
Ar"chi- (#). [L., archi-, Gr.
/, a prefix which is from the same root as / to be first, to
begin; / the first place, beginning; / chief. Cf. AS.
arce-, erce-, OHG. erzi-.]
A prefix signifying chief, arch;
as, architect, archiepiscopal. In
Biol. and Anat. it usually means
primitive, original, ancestral;
as, archipterygium, the primitive fin or
wing.
\'d8Ar`chi*an*nel"i*da (#), n. pl.
[NL.; pref. archi- + annelida.]
(Zo\'94l.) A group of Annelida remarkable for
having no external segments or distinct ventral nerve
ganglions.
Ar"chi*a`ter (#), n. [L.
archiatrus, Gr. /; pref. / + / physician, / to
heal.] Chief physician; -- a term applied, on the
continent of Europe, to the first or body physician of princes
and to the first physician of some cities.
P. Cyc.
\'d8Ar`chi*blas"tu*la (#), n.
[Pref. archi + blastula.]
(Biol.) A hollow blastula, supposed to be the
primitive form; a c/loblastula.
Ar"chi*cal (#), a. [Gr. /
able to govern, fr. / beginning, government. See
Arch-, pref.] Chief; primary;
primordial. [Obs.]
Cudworth.
Ar`chi*di*ac"o*nal (#), a. [L.
archidiaconus, Gr. /, equiv. to E.
archdeacon.] Of or pertaining to an
archdeacon.
This offense is liable to be censured in an
archidiaconal visitation.
Johnson.
Ar`chi*e*pis"co*pa*cy (#), n.
[Pref. archi- + episcopacy.]
1. That form of episcopacy in which the chief power
is in the hands of archbishops.
2. The state or dignity of an archbishop.
Ar`chi*e*pis"co*pal (#), a.
[Pref. archi- + episcopal.]
Of or pertaining to an archbishop; as, Canterbury is an
archiepiscopal see.
Ar`chi*e*pis`co*pal"i*ty (#), n.
The station or dignity of an archbishop;
archiepiscopacy.
Fuller.
Ar`chi*e*pis"co*pate (#), n.
[Pref. archi- + episcopate.]
The office of an archbishop; an archbishopric.
\'d8Ar*chi"e*rey (#), n. [Russ.
archier\'82i, fr. Gr. /; pref. / (E.
arch-) + \'b5 priest.] The higher order of
clergy in Russia, including metropolitans, archbishops, and
bishops.
Pinkerton.
Ar"chil (?; 277), n. [OF.
orchel, orcheil, It. orcella,
oricello, or OSp. orchillo. Cf.
Orchil.] 1. A violet dye obtained
from several species of lichen (Roccella tinctoria,
etc.), which grow on maritime rocks in the Canary and Cape
Verd Islands, etc.
Tomlinson.
2. The plant from which the dye is obtained.
[Written also orchal and
orchil.]
Ar`chi*lo"chi*an (#), a. [L.
Archilochius.] Of or pertaining to the
satiric Greek poet Archilochus; as, Archilochian
meter.
{ Ar"chi*mage (#),
\'d8Ar`chi*ma"gus (#), } n.
[NL.; pref. archi- + L. magus, Gr.
/, a Magian.] 1. The high priest of the
Persian Magi, or worshipers of fire.
2. A great magician, wizard, or enchanter.
Spenser.
Ar`chi*man"drite (#), n. [L.
archimandrita, LGr. /; pref. / (E.
arch-) + / an inclosed space, esp. for cattle, a
fold, a monastery.] (Gr. Church) (a)
A chief of a monastery, corresponding to abbot in
the Roman Catholic church. (b) A
superintendent of several monasteries, corresponding to
superior abbot, or father provincial, in
the Roman Catholic church.
Ar`chi*me*de"an (#), a. [L.
Archimedeus.] Of or pertaining to
Archimedes, a celebrated Greek philosopher; constructed on the
principle of Archimedes' screw; as, Archimedean
drill, propeller, etc.
Archimedean screw, or Archimedes'
screw, an instrument, said to have been invented
by Archimedes, for raising water, formed by winding a flexible
tube round a cylinder in the form of a screw. When the screw is
placed in an inclined position, and the lower end immersed in
water, by causing the screw to revolve, the water is raised to
the upper end.
Francis.
\'d8Ar`chi*me"des (#), n.
(Paleon.) An extinct genus of Bryzoa
characteristic of the subcarboniferous rocks. Its form is that of
a screw.
Arch"ing (#), n. 1.
The arched part of a structure.
2. (Naut.) Hogging; -- opposed to
sagging.
Ar`chi*pe*lag"ic (#), a. Of or
pertaining to an archipelago.
Ar`chi*pel"a*go, n.; pl.
-goes or -gos (#). [It.
arcipelago, properly, chief sea; Gr. pref / + /
sea, perh. akin to / blow, and expressing the beating of the
waves. See Plague.]
1. The Grecian Archipelago, or \'92gean Sea,
separating Greece from Asia Minor. It is studded with a vast
number of small islands.
2. Hence: Any sea or broad sheet of water
interspersed with many islands or with a group of islands.
<-- p. 79 -->
\'d8Ar*chip`te*ryg"i*um (#), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. pref. / (E. arch-) + / wing,
fin.] (Anat.) The primitive form of fin,
like that of Ceratodus.
Ar"chi*tect (#), n. [L.
architectus, architecton, Gr. / chief
artificer, master builder; pref. / (E. archi-) + /
workman, akin to / art, skill, / to produce: cf. F.
architecte, It. architetto. See
Technical.] 1. A person skilled in
the art of building; one who understands architecture, or makes
it his occupation to form plans and designs of buildings, and to
superintend the artificers employed.
2. A contriver, designer, or maker.
The architects of their own happiness.
Milton.
A French woman is a perfect architect in dress.
Coldsmith.
Ar`chi*tec"tive (#), a. Used in
building; proper for building.
Derham.
{ Ar`chi*tec*ton"ic (#),
Ar`chi*tec*ton"ic*al (#), } a.
[L. architectonicus, Gr. /. See
Architect.] 1. Pertaining to a
master builder, or to architecture; evincing skill in designing
or construction; constructive. \'bdArchitectonic
wisdom.\'b8
Boyle.
These architectonic functions which we had hitherto
thought belonged.
J. C. Shairp.
2. Relating to the systemizing of knowledge.
Ar`chi*tec*ton"ic, n. [Cf. F.
architectonique.] 1. The science
of architecture.
2. The act of arranging knowledge into a
system.
Ar`chi*tec*ton"ics, n. The science of
architecture.
Ar"chi*tec`tor (#), n. An
architect. [Obs.]
North.
Ar"chi*tec`tress (#), n. A
female architect.
Ar`chi*tec"tur*al (#), a. Of or
pertaining to the art of building; conformed to the rules of
architecture. -- Ar`chi*tec"tur*al*ly,
adv.
Ar"chi*tec`ture (?; 135), n.
[L. architectura, fr. architectus: cf.
F. architecture. See Architect.]
1. The art or science of building; especially, the
art of building houses, churches, bridges, and other structures,
for the purposes of civil life; -- often called civil
architecture.
Many other architectures besides Gothic.
Ruskin.
3. Construction, in a more general sense; frame or
structure; workmanship.
The architecture of grasses, plants, and trees.
Tyndall.
The formation of the first earth being a piece of divine
architecture.
Burnet.
Military architecture, the art of
fortifications. -- Naval architecture, the
art of building ships.
\'d8Ar`chi*teu"this (#), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. pref. / + /, /, a kind of squid.]
(Zo\'94l.) A genus of gigantic cephalopods,
allied to the squids, found esp. in the North Atlantic and about
New Zealand.
Ar"chi*trave (#), n. [F.
architrave, fr. It. architrave; pref.
archi- + trave beam, L.
trabs.] (Arch.) (a) The
lower division of an entablature, or that part which rests
immediately on the column, esp. in classical architecture. See
Column. (b) The group of moldings,
or other architectural member, above and on both sides of a door
or other opening, especially if square in form.
Ar"chi*traved (#), a. Furnished
with an architrave.
Cowper.
Ar"chi*val (#), a. Pertaining
to, or contained in, archives or records.
Tooke.
Ar"chive (#), n.; pl.
Archives (#). [F.
archives, pl., L. archivum,
archium, fr. Gr. / government house, / /
archives, fr. / the first place, government. See
Archi-, pref.] 1.
pl. The place in which public records or historic
documents are kept.
Our words . . . . become records in God's court, and are laid
up in his archives as witnesses.
Gov. of Tongue.
2. pl. Public records or documents
preserved as evidence of facts; as, the archives of
a country or family.
[Rarely used in sing.]
Some rotten archive, rummaged out of some seldom
explored press.
Lamb.
Syn. -- Registers; records; chronicles.
Ar"chi*vist (#), n. [F.
archiviste.] A keeper of archives or
records. [R.]
Ar"chi*volt (#), n. [F.
archivolte, fr. It. archivolto; pref.
archi- + volto vault, arch. See
Vault.] (Arch.) (a) The
architectural member surrounding the curved opening of an arch,
corresponding to the architrave in the case of a square
opening. (b) More commonly, the molding or
other ornaments with which the wall face of the voussoirs of an
arch is charged.
{ Arch"lute (#), Arch"i*lute
(#), } n. [Cf. F.
archiluth, It. arciliuto.]
(Mus.) A large theorbo, or double-necked lute,
formerly in use, having the bass strings doubled with an octave,
and the higher strings with a unison.
Arch"ly (#), adv. In an arch
manner; with attractive slyness or roguishness; slyly;
waggishly.
Archly the maiden smiled.
Longfellow.
Arch`mar"shal (#), n. [G.
erzmarschall. See Arch-,
pref.] The grand marshal of the old German
empire, a dignity that to the Elector of Saxony.
Arch"ness, n. The quality of being arch;
cleverness; sly humor free from malice; waggishness.
Goldsmith.
Ar"chon (#), n. [L.
archon, Gr. /, /, ruler, chief magistrate, p. pr.
of / to be first, to rule.] (Antiq.) One
of the chief magistrates in ancient Athens, especially, by
pre\'89minence, the first of the nine chief magistrates.
-- Ar*chon"tic (#),
a.
Ar"chon*ship, n. The office of an
archon.
Mitford.
Ar"chon*tate (#), n. [Cf. F.
archontat.] An archon's term of
office.
Gibbon.
Ar"chonts (#), n. pl. [Gr. /,
p. pr. See Archon.]
(Zo\'94l.) The group including man alone.
Arch`prel"ate (#), n. [Pref.
arch- + prelate.] An archbishop
or other chief prelate.
Arch`pres"by*ter (#), n. Same
as Archpriest.
Arch`pres"by*ter*y (#), n.
[Pref. arch- + presbutery.]
The absolute dominion of presbytery.
Milton.
Arch`priest" (#), n. A chief
priest; also, a kind of vicar, or a rural dean.
Arch`pri"mate (#), n. [Pref.
arch- + primate.] The chief
primate.
Milton.
Arch" stone` (#). A wedge-shaped stone
used in an arch; a voussoir.
Arch`trai"tor (#), n. [Pref.
arch- + traitor.] A chief or
transcendent traitor.
I. Watts.
Arch`treas"ur*er (?; 135), n.
[Pref. arch- + treasurer.]
A chief treasurer. Specifically, the great treasurer of the
German empire.
Arch"way (#), n. A way or
passage under an arch.
Arch`wife" (#), n. [Pref.
arch- + wife.] A big, masculine
wife. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Arch"wise (#), adv.
Arch-shaped.
Arch"y (#), a. Arched; as,
archy brows.
*ar"chy (#). [Gr. /, fr. / chief. See
Arch-, pref.] A suffix properly
meaning a rule, ruling, as in
monarchy, the rule of one only. Cf.
-arch.
Ar"ci*form (#), a. [L.
arcus bow + -form.] Having the
form of an arch; curved.
Arc"o*graph (#), n. [L.
arcus (E. arc) + -graph.]
An instrument for drawing a circular arc without the use of
a central point; a cyclograph.
Arc*ta"tion (#), n. [L.
arctus shut in, narrow, p. p. of arcere to
shut in: cf. F. arctation.] (Med.)
Constriction or contraction of some natural passage, as in
constipation from inflammation.
Arc"tic (#), a. [OE.
artik, OF. artique, F. arctique,
L. arcticus, fr. Gr. /, fr. / a bear, also a
northern constellation so called; akin to L. ursus
bear, Skr. /ksha.] Pertaining to, or situated under,
the northern constellation called the Bear; northern;
frigid; as, the arctic pole, circle, region, ocean;
an arctic expedition, night, temperature.
arctic circle is a lesser circle,
parallel to the equator, 23antarctic circle are called the polar
circles, and between these and the poles lie the frigid
zones. See Zone.
Arc"tic, n. 1. The arctic
circle.
2. A warm waterproof overshoe.
[U.S.]
\'d8Arc*tis"ca (#), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / bear.] (Zo\'94l.) A
group of Arachnida. See Illust. in Appendix.
Arc`to*ge"al (#), a. [Gr. /
the north + /, /, country.] (Zo\'94l.)
Of or pertaining to arctic lands; as, the
arctogeal fauna.
\'d8Arc*toid"e*a (#), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / bear + -oid.]
(Zo\'94l.) A group of the Carnivora, that
includes the bears, weasels, etc.
Arc*tu"rus (#), n. [L.
Arcturus, Gr. / bearward, equiv. to /; / bear +
/ ward, guard. See Arctic.] (Anat.)
A fixed star of the first magnitude in the constellation
Bo\'94tes.
Arcturus has sometimes been incorrectly
used as the name of the constellation, or even of Ursa
Major.
Canst thou guide Arcturus with his sons [Rev. Ver.:
\'bdthe Bear with her train\'b8].
Job xxxviii. 32.
Arc"u*al (#), a. Of or
pertaining to an arc.
Arcual measure of an angle (Math.),
that in which the unit angle has its measuring arc equal to
the radius of the circle.
{ Arc"u*ate (#), Arc"u*a`ted
(#)(#), } a. [L.
arcuatus, p. p. of arcuare to shape like a
bow, fr. arcus. See Arc.] Bent or
curved in the form of a bow. \'bdArcuate
stalks.\'b8
Gray.
Arc"u*ate*ly (#), adv. In the
form of a bow.
Arc`u*a"tion (#), n. [L.
arcuatio.] 1. The act of bending
or curving; incurvation; the state of being bent;
crookedness.
Coxe.
2. (Hort.) A mode of propagating trees
by bending branches to the ground, and covering the small shoots
with earth; layering.
Chambers.
Ar"cu*ba*list (#), n. [See
Arbalist.] A crossbow.
Fosbroke.
Ar`cu*bal"ist*er (#), n. [L.
arcuballistarius. Cf. Arbalister.]
A crossbowman; one who used the arcubalist.
Camden.
Ar"cu*bus (#), n. See
Arquebus. [Obs.]
-ard, -art. The termination of
many English words; as, coward, reynard,
drunkard, mostly from the French, in which language this
ending is of German origin, being orig. the same word as English
hard. It usually has the sense of one who
has to a high or excessive degree the quality expressed by the
root; as, braggart,
sluggard.
\'d8Ar*das"sine (#), n. [F.
(cf. Sp. ardacina), fr. ardasse a kind of
silk thread, fr. Ar. & Per. ardan a kind of raw
silk.] A very fine sort of Persian silk.
Ar"den*cy (#), n. 1.
Heat. [R.]
Sir T. Herbert.
2. Warmth of passion or affection; ardor;
vehemence; eagerness; as, the ardency of love or
zeal.
Ar"dent (#), a. [OE.
ardaunt, F. ardant, p. pr. of
arder to burn, fr. L. ardere.]
1. Hot or burning; causing a sensation of burning;
fiery; as, ardent spirits, that is, distilled
liquors; an ardent fever.
2. Having the appearance or quality of fire;
fierce; glowing; shining; as, ardent
eyes.
Dryden.
3. Warm, applied to the passions and affections;
passionate; fervent; zealous; vehement; as, ardent
love, feelings, zeal, hope, temper.
An ardent and impetuous race.
Macaulay.
Syn. -- Burning; hot; fiery; glowing; intense; fierce;
vehement; eager; zealous; keen; fervid; fervent; passionate;
affectionate.
Ar"dent*ly (#), adv. In an
ardent manner; eagerly; with warmth; affectionately;
passionately.
Ar"dent*ness, n. Ardency.
[R.]
Ar"dor (#), n. [L.
ardor, fr. ardere to burn: cf. OF.
ardor, ardur, F. ardeur.]
[Spelt also ardour.] 1.
Heat, in a literal sense; as, the ardor of the
sun's rays.
2. Warmth or heat of passion or affection;
eagerness; zeal; as, he pursues study with ardor;
the fought with ardor; martial
ardor.
3. pl. Bright and effulgent spirits;
seraphim. [Thus used by Milton.]
Syn. -- Fervor; warmth; eagerness. See
Fervor.
Ar"du*ous (?; 135), a. [L.
arduus steep, high; akin to Ir. ard high,
height.] 1. Steep and lofty, in a literal
sense; hard to climb.
Those arduous pats they trod.
Pope.
2. Attended with great labor, like the ascending of
acclivities; difficult; laborious; as, an arduous
employment, task, or enterprise.
Syn. -- Difficult; trying; laborious; painful;
exhausting. -- Arduous, Hard,
Difficult. Hard is simpler, blunter, and more
general in sense than difficult; as, a
hard duty to perform, hard work, a
hard task, one which requires much bodily effort and
perseverance to do. Difficult commonly implies
more skill and sagacity than hard, as when there is
disproportion between the means and the end. A work may be
hard but not difficult. We call a thing
arduous when it requires strenuous and persevering
exertion, like that of one who is climbing a precipice; as,
an arduous task, an arduous duty. \'bdIt
is often difficult to control our feelings; it is
still harder to subdue our will; but it is an
arduous undertaking to control the unruly and
contending will of others.\'b8
Ar"du*ous*ly, adv. In an arduous manner;
with difficulty or laboriousness.
Ar"du*ous*ness, n. The quality of being
arduous; difficulty of execution.
Ar"du*rous (#), a. Burning;
ardent. [R.]
Lo! further on,
Where flames the arduous Spirit of Isidore.
Cary.
Are (#). [AS. (Northumbrian)
aron, akin to the 1st pers. pl. forms, Icel.
erum, Goth. sijum, L. sumus, Gr.
/, Skr. smas; all from a root as. / See
Am and Is, and cf. Be.] The
present indicative plural of the substantive verb to
be; but etymologically a different word from
be, or was. Am, art,
are, and is, all come from the root
as.
Are (#), n. [F., fr. L.
area. See Area.] (Metric
system) The unit of superficial measure, being a
square of which each side is ten meters in length; 100 square
meters, or about 119.6 square yards.
A"re*a (?; 277), n.; pl.
Areas (#) . [L. area a
broad piece of level gro///. Cf. Are,
n.] 1. Any plane surface, as of
the floor of a room or church, or of the ground within an
inclosure; an open space in a building.
The Alban lake . . . looks like the area of some
vast amphitheater.
Addison.
2. The inclosed space on which a building
stands.
3. The sunken space or court, giving ingress and
affording light to the basement of a building.
4. An extent of surface; a tract of the earth's
surface; a region; as, vast uncultivated
areas.
5. (Geom.) The superficial contents of
any figure; the surface included within any given lines;
superficial extent; as, the area of a square or a
triangle.
6. (Biol.) A spot or small marked space;
as, the germinative area.
7. Extent; scope; range; as, a wide
area of thought.
The largest area of human history and man's common
nature.
F. Harrison.
Dry area. See under Dry.
{ A*read", A*reed" } (#),
v. t. [OE. areden, AS.
\'ber/dan to interpret. See Read.]
1. To tell, declare, explain, or interpret; to
divine; to guess; as, to aread a riddle or a
dream. [Obs.]
Therefore more plain aread this doubtful case.
Spenser.
2. To read. [Obs.]
Drayton.
3. To counsel, advise, warn, or direct.
But mark what I aread thee now. Avaunt!
Milton.
4. To decree; to adjudge.
[Archaic]
Ld. Lytton.
A"re*al (#), a. [Cf. L.
arealis, fr. area.] Of or
pertaining to an area; as, areal interstices (the
areas or spaces inclosed by the reticulate vessels of
leaves).
A*rear" (#), v. t. & i. [AS.
\'ber/ran. See Rear.] To raise;
to set up; to stir up. [Obs.]
A*rear", adv. [See Arrear,
adv.] Backward; in or to the rear;
behindhand.
Spenser.
\'d8A*re"ca (#), n. [Canarese
adiki: cf. Pg. & Sp. areca.]
(Bot.) A genus of palms, one species of which
produces the areca nut, or betel nut, which is chewed in India
with the leaf of the Piper Betle and lime.
A*reek" (#), adv. & a. [Pref.
a- + reek.] In a reeking
condition.
Swift.
Ar`e*fac"tion (#), n. [L.
arefacere to dry.] The act of drying, or
the state of growing dry.
The arefaction of the earth.
Sir M. Hale.
Ar"e*fy (#), v. t. [L.
arere to be dry + -fly.] To dry,
or make dry.
Bacon.
A*re"na (#), n.; pl. E.
Arenas (#); L. Aren\'91
(#). [L. arena, harena, sand,
a sandy place.] 1. (Rom. Antiq.) The
area in the central part of an amphitheater, in which the
gladiators fought and other shows were exhibited; -- so called
because it was covered with sand.
2. Any place of public contest or exertion; any
sphere of action; as, the arenaof debate; the
arena of life.
3. (Med.) \'bdSand\'b8 or \'bdgravel\'b8
in the kidneys.
Ar`e*na"ceous (#), a. [L.
arenaceus, fr. arena sand.]
Sandy or consisting largely of sand; of the nature of sand;
easily disintegrating into sand; friable; as,
arenaceous limestone.
Ar`e*na"ri*ous (#), a. [L.
arenarius, fr. arena sand.]
Sandy; as, arenarious soil.
<-- p. 80 -->
Ar`e*na"tion (#), n. [L.
arenatio, fr. arena sand.]
(Med.) A sand bath; application of hot sand to
the body.
Dunglison.
\'d8Ar`en*da"tor (#), n. [LL.
arendator, arrendator, fr.
arendare, arrendare, to pay rent, fr.
arenda yearly rent; ad + renda, F.
rente, E. rent. Cf. Arrentation
and Rent.] In some provinces of Russia, one
who farms the rents or revenues.
crown arendator.
Tooke.
\'d8A*reng" (#),
\'d8A*ren"ga (#), n.
[Malayan.] A palm tree (Saguerus
saccharifer) which furnishes sago, wine, and fibers for
ropes; the gomuti palm.
Ar`e*nic"o*lite (#), n. [L.
arena sand + colere to cherish or
live.] (Paleon.) An ancient wormhole in
sand, preserved in the rocks.
Dana.
A*ren`i*lit"ic (#), a. [L.
arena sand + Gr. / stone.] Of or
pertaining to sandstone; as, arenilitic
mountains.
Kirwan.
Ar"e*nose (#), a. [L.
arenosus, fr. arena sand.]
Sandy; full of sand.
Johnson.
A*ren"u*lous (#), a. [L.
arenula fine sand, dim. of arena.]
Full of fine sand; like sand. [Obs.]
A*re"o*la (#), n.; pl.
Areol\'91 (#). [L.
areola, dim. of area: cf. F.
ar\'82ole. See Area.] 1.
An interstice or small space, as between the cracks of the
surface in certain crustaceous lichens; or as between the fibers
composing organs or vessels that interlace; or as between the
nervures of an insect's wing.
2. (Anat. & Med.) The colored ring
around the nipple, or around a vesicle or pustule.
A*re"o*lar (#), a. Pertaining
to, or like, an areola; filled with interstices or
areol\'91.
reolar tissue (Anat.), a form of
fibrous connective tissue in which the fibers are loosely
arranged with numerous spaces, or areol\'91, between
them.
{ A*re"o*late (#), A*re"o*la*ted,
} a. [L. areola: cf. F.
ar\'82ole.] Divided into small spaces or
areolations, as the wings of insects, the leaves of plants, or
the receptacle of compound flowers.
A`re*o*la"tion (#), n. 1.
Division into areol\'91.
Dana.
2. Any small space, bounded by some part different
in color or structure, as the spaces bounded by the nervures of
the wings of insects, or those by the veins of leaves; an
areola.
A"re*ole (#), n. Same as
Areola.
A*re"o*let (#), n. [Dim. of L.
areola.] (Zo\'94l.) A small
inclosed area; esp. one of the small spaces on the wings of
insects, circumscribed by the veins.
A`re*om"e*ter (?; 277), n. [Gr.
/ //in, rare + -meter: cf. F.
ar\'82om\'8atre.] (Physics) An
instrument for measuring the specific gravity of fluids; a form
hydrometer.
{ A`re*o*met"ric (#),
A`re*o*met"ric*al (#), } a.
Pertaining to, or measured by, an areometer.
A`re*om"e*try (#), n. [Gr. /
thin, rare + -metry.] The art or process of
measuring the specific gravity of fluids.
Ar`e*op"a*gist (#), n. See
Areopagite.
Ar`e*op"a*gite (#), n. [L.
Areopagites, Gr. /.] A member of the
Areopagus.
Acts xvii. 34.
Ar`e*op`a*git"ic (#), a. [L.
Areopagiticus, Gr. /.] Pertaining to the
Areopagus.
Mitford.
Ar`e*op"a*gus, n. [L., fr. Gr. /, and
/ /, hill of Ares (Mars' Hill).] The highest
judicial court at Athens. Its sessions were held on Mars' Hill.
Hence, any high court or tribunal
A*re"o*style (#), a. & n. See
Intercolumniation, and Ar\'91ostyle.
A*re`o*sys"tyle (#), a. & n.
See Intercolumniation, and
Ar\'91osystyle.
A*rere" (#), v. t. & i. See
Arear. [Obs.]
Ellis.
A*rest" (#), n. A support for
the spear when couched for the attack. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
A*ret" (#), v. t. [OE.
aretten, OF. areter; a (L.
ad) + OF. reter, L. reputare.
See Repute.] To reckon; to ascribe; to
impute. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Ar`e*ta"ics (#), n. [Gr. /
virtue.] The ethical theory which excludes all
relations between virtue and happiness; the science of virtue; --
contrasted with eudemonics.
J. Grote.
Ar`e*tol"o*gy (#), n. [Gr. /;
/ virtue + / discourse, / to speak: cf. F.
ar\'82tologie.] That part of moral
philosophy which treats of virtue, its nature, and the means of
attaining to it.
A*rew". adv. [See Arow,
Row.] In a row. [Obs.]
\'bdAll her teeth arew.\'b8
Spenser.
Ar"gal (#), n. Crude tartar.
See Argol.
Ar"gal, adv. A ludicrous corruption of
the Latin word ergo, therefore.
Shak.
{ \'d8Ar"gal (#), \'d8Ar"ga*li,
} n. [Mongolian.]
(Zo\'94l.) A species of wild sheep (Ovis
ammon, or O. argali), remarkable for its large
horns. It inhabits the mountains of Siberia and central
Asia.
Aoudad. The name is also applied to the bighorn sheep of
the Rocky Mountains. See Bighorn.
\'d8Ar"ga*la (#), n. [Native
name.] (Zo\'94l.) The adjutant bird.
Ar"gand lamp` (#). [Named from the
inventor, Aim\'82 Argand of Geneva.] A lamp
with a circular hollow wick and glass chimney which allow a
current of air both inside and outside of the flame.
Argand burner, a burner for an Argand lamp, or
a gas burner in which the principle of that lamp is
applied.
\'d8Ar"gas (#), n. A genus of
venomous ticks which attack men and animals. The famous Persian
Argas, also called Miana bug, is A.
Persicus; that of Central America, called talaje
by the natives, is A. Talaje.
Ar*ge"an (#), a. Pertaining to
the ship Argo. See Argo.
Ar"gent (#), n. [F.
argent, fr. L. argentum, silver; akin to
Gr. / silver, /, /, white, bright, Skr. rajata
white, silver, raj to shine, Ir. arg white,
milk, airgiod silver, money, and L. arguere
to make clear. See Argue.] 1.
Silver, or money. [Archaic]
2. (Fig. & Poet.) Whiteness; anything
that is white.
The polished argent of her breast.
Tennyson.
3. (Her.) The white color in coats of
arms, intended to represent silver, or, figuratively, purity,
innocence, beauty, or gentleness; -- represented in engraving by
a plain white surface.
Weale.
Ar"gent, a. Made of silver; of a silvery
color; white; shining.
Yonder argent fields above.
Pope.
Ar*gen"tal (#), a. Of or
pertaining to silver; resembling, containing, or combined with,
silver.
Ar"gen*tan, n. An alloy of nicked with
copper and zinc; German silver.
Ar"gen*tate, a. [L.
argentatus silvered.] (Bot.)
Silvery white.
Gray.
Ar`gen*ta"tion, n. [L.
argentare to silver, fr. argentum silver.
See Argent.] A coating or overlaying with
silver. [R.]
Johnson.
Ar*gen"tic (#), a.
(Chem.) Pertaining to, derived from, or
containing, silver; -- said of certain compounds of silver in
which this metal has its lowest proportion; as,
argentic chloride.
Ar`gen*tif"er*ous (#), a. [L.
argentum silver + -ferous: cf. F.
argentif\'8are.] Producing or containing
silver; as, argentiferous lead ore or
veins.
Ar"gen*tine (?; in the 2d sense, commonly ?),
a. 1. Pertaining to, or resembling,
silver; made of, or sounding like, silver; silvery.
Celestial Dian, goddess argentine.
Shak.
2. Of or pertaining to the Argentine Republic in
South America.
Ar"gen*tine, n. [Cf. F.
argentin, fr. L. argentum silver.]
1. (Min.) A siliceous variety of
calcite, or carbonate of lime, having a silvery-white, pearly
luster, and a waving or curved lamellar structure.
2. White metal coated with silver.
Simmonds.
3. (Zo\'94l.) A fish of Europe
(Maurolicus Pennantii) with silvery scales. The name
is also applied to various fishes of the genus
Argentina.
4. A citizen of the Argentine Republic.
Ar"gen*tite (#), n. [L.
argentum silver.] (Min.)
Sulphide of silver; -- also called vitreous
silver, or silver glance. It has a
metallic luster, a lead-gray color, and is sectile like
lead.
Ar*gen"tous (#), a.
(Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or containing, silver;
-- said of certain silver compounds in which silver has a higher
proportion than in argentic compounds; as, argentous
chloride.
Ar"gent*ry (#), n. [F.
argenterie, fr. argent silver, L.
argentum.] Silver plate or vessels.
[Obs.]
Bowls of frosted argentry.
Howell.
Ar"gil (#), n. [F.
argile, L. argilla white clay, akin to Gr.
/ or / argil, / white. See Argent.]
(Min.) Clay, or potter's earth; sometimes pure
clay, or alumina. See Clay.
Ar`gil*la"ceous (#), a. [L.
argillaceus, fr. argilla.] Of
the nature of clay; consisting of, or containing, argil or clay;
clayey.
Argillaceous sandstone (Geol.), a
sandstone containing much clay. -- Argillaceous iron
ore, the clay ironstone. --
Argillaceous schist or state.
See Argillite.
Ar`gil*lif"er*ous (#), a. [L.
argilla white clay + -ferous.]
Producing clay; -- applied to such earths as abound with
argil.
Kirwan.
Ar"gil*lite (#), n. [Gr. /
clay + -lite.] (Min.)
Argillaceous schist or slate; clay slate. Its colors is
bluish or blackish gray, sometimes greenish gray, brownish red,
etc. -- Ar`gil*lit"ic,
a.
Ar*gil`lo-are`e*na"ceous (#), a.
Consisting of, or containing, clay and sand, as a
soil.
Ar*gil`lo-cal*ca"re*ous (#), a.
Consisting of, or containing, clay and calcareous
earth.
Ar*gil`lo-fer*ru"gi*nous (#), a.
Containing clay and iron.
Ar*gil"lous (#), a. [L.
argillosus, fr. argilla. See
Argil.] Argillaceous; clayey.
Sir T. Browne.
Ar"give (#), a. [L.
Argivus, fr. Argos, Argi.]
Of or performance to Argos, the capital of Argolis in
Greece. -- n. A native of Argos.
Often used as a generic term, equivalent to Grecian or
Greek.
\'d8Ar"go (#), n. [L.
Argo, Gr. /.] 1. (Myth.)
The name of the ship which carried Jason and his fifty-four
companions to Colchis, in quest of the Golden Fleece.
2. (Astron.) A large constellation in
the southern hemisphere, called also Argo
Navis. In modern astronomy it is replaced by its three
divisions, Carina, Puppis, and
Vela.
Ar*go"an (#), a. Pertaining to
the ship Argo.
Ar"goile (#), n. Potter's
clay. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Ar"gol (#), n. [Cf.
Argal, Orgal. Of unknown origin.]
Crude tartar; an acidulous salt from which cream of tartar
is prepared. It exists in the juice of grapes, and is deposited
from wines on the sides of the casks.
Ure.
Ar*gol"ic (#), a. [L.
Argolicus, Gr. /.] Pertaining to Argolis,
a district in the Peloponnesus.
Ar"gon (#), n. [Gr. /
inactive.] (Chem.) A substance regarded as
an element, contained in the atmosphere and remarkable for its
chemical inertness.
Rayleigh and Ramsay.
Ar"go*naut (#), n. [L.
Argonauta, Gr. /; / + / sailor, / ship. See
Argo.] 1. Any one of the legendary
Greek heroes who sailed with Jason, in the Argo, in quest of the
Golden Fleece.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A cephalopod of the genus
Argonauta.
\'d8Ar`go*nau"ta (#), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A genus of Cephalopoda. The shell is
called paper nautilus or paper
sailor.
Hectocotylus.
Ar"go*naut"ic (#), a. [L.
Argonauticus.] Of or pertaining to the
Argonauts.
Ar"go*sy (#), n.; pl.
Argosies (#). [Earlier
ragusy, fr. ragusa meaning orig. a vessel
of Ragusa.] A large ship, esp. a merchant vessel of
the largest size.
Where your argosies with portly sail . . .
Do overpeer the petty traffickers.
Shak.
\'d8Ar`got" (#), n. [F. Of
unknown origin.] A secret language or conventional
slang peculiar to thieves, tramps, and vagabonds; flash.
Ar"gu*a*ble (#), a. Capable of
being argued; admitting of debate.
Ar"gue (#), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Argued (#);
p. pr. & vb. n. Arguing.]
[OE. arguen, F. arguer, fr. L.
argutare, freq. of arguere to make clear;
from the same root as E. argent.] 1.
To invent and offer reasons to support or overthrow a
proposition, opinion, or measure; to use arguments; to
reason.
I argue not
Against Heaven's hand or will.
Milton.
2. To contend in argument; to dispute; to reason;
-- followed by with; as, you may argue
with your friend without convincing him.
Ar"gue, v. t. 1. To debate or
discuss; to treat by reasoning; as, the counsel
argued the cause before a full court; the cause was well
argued.
2. To prove or evince; too manifest or exhibit by
inference, deduction, or reasoning.
So many laws argue so many sins.
Milton.
3. To persuade by reasons; as, to
argue a man into a different opinion.
4. To blame; to accuse; to charge with.
[Obs.]
Thoughts and expressions . . . which can be truly
argued of obscenity, profaneness, or immorality.
Dryden.
Syn. -- to reason; evince; discuss; debate; expostulate;
remonstrate; controvert. -- To Argue,
Dispute, Debate. These words, as here compared,
suppose a contest between two parties in respect to some point at
issue. To argue is to adduce arguments or reasons in
support of one's cause or position. To dispute is to
call in question or deny the statements or arguments of the
opposing party. To debate is to strive for or against
in a somewhat formal manner by arguments.
Men of many words sometimes argue for the sake of
talking; men of ready tongues frequently dispute for
the sake of victory; men in public life often debate
for the sake of opposing the ruling party, or from any other
motive than the love of truth.
Crabb.
Unskilled to argue, in dispute yet loud,
Bold without caution, without honors proud.
Falconer.
Betwixt the dearest friends to raise debate.
Dryden.
Ar"gu*er (#), n. One who
argues; a reasoner; a disputant.
Ar"gu*fy (#), v. t. & i.
[Argue + -fy.] 1.
To argue pertinaciously. [Colloq.]
Halliwell.
2. To signify. [Colloq.]
\'d8Ar"gu*lus (#), n. [NL., dim
of Argus.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of
copepod Crustacea, parasitic of fishes; a fish louse. See
Branchiura.
Ar"gu*ment (#), n. [F.
argument, L. argumentum, fr.
arguere to argue.] 1. Proof;
evidence. [Obs.]
There is.. no more palpable and convincing argument
of the existence of a Deity.
Ray.
Why, then, is it made a badge of wit and an
argument of parts for a man to commence atheist, and
to cast off all belief of providence, all awe and reverence for
religion?
South.
2. A reason or reasons offered in proof, to induce
belief, or convince the mind; reasoning expressed in words;
as, an argument about, concerning, or
regarding a proposition, for or in favor of it,
or against it.
3. A process of reasoning, or a controversy made up
of rational proofs; argumentation; discussion; disputation.
The argument is about things, but names.
Locke.
4. The subject matter of a discourse, writing, or
artistic representation; theme or topic; also, an abstract or
summary, as of the contents of a book, chapter, poem.
You and love are still my argument.
Shak.
The abstract or argument of the piece.
Jeffrey.
[Shields] with boastful argument portrayed.
Milton.
5. Matter for question; business in hand.
[Obs.]
Sheathed their swords for lack of argument.
Shak.
6. (Astron.) The quantity on which
another quantity in a table depends; as, the altitude is the
argument of the refraction.
7. (Math.) The independent variable upon
whose value that of a function depends.
Brande & C.
<-- p. 81 -->
Ar"gu*ment (#), v. i. [L.
argumentari.] To make an argument; to
argue. [Obs.]
Gower.
Ar`gu*men"ta*ble (#), a. [L.
argumentabilis.] Admitting of
argument. [R.]
Chalmers.
Ar`gu*men"tal (#), a. [L.
argumentalis.] Of, pertaining to, or
containing, argument; argumentative.
Ar`gu*men*ta"tion (#), n. [L.
argumentatio, from argumentari: cf. F.
argumentation.] 1. The act of
forming reasons, making inductions, drawing conclusions, and
applying them to the case in discussion; the operation of
inferring propositions, not known or admitted as true, from facts
or principles known, admitted, or proved to be true.
Which manner of argumentation, how false and naught
it is, . . . every man that hath with perceiveth.
Tyndale.
2. Debate; discussion.
Syn. -- Reasoning; discussion; controversy. See
Reasoning.
Ar`gu*men"ta*tive (#), a.
1. Consisting of, or characterized by, argument;
containing a process of reasoning; as, an
argumentative discourse.
2. Adductive as proof; indicative; as, the
adaptation of things to their uses is argumentative of
infinite wisdom in the Creator. [Obs.]
3. Given to argument; characterized by argument;
disputatious; as, an argumentative
writer.
--Ar`gu*men"ta*tive*ly, adv. --
Ar`gu*men"ta*tive*ness, n.
Ar"gu*men*tize (#), v. i. To
argue or discuss. [Obs.]
Wood.
\'d8Ar"gus (#), n. [L.
Argus, Gr. /.] 1. (Myth.)
A fabulous being of antiquity, said to have had a hundred
eyes, who has placed by Juno to guard Io. His eyes were
transplanted to the peacock's tail.
2. One very vigilant; a guardian always
watchful.
3. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of East Indian
pheasants. The common species (A. giganteus) is
remarkable for the great length and beauty of the wing and tail
feathers of the male. The species A. Grayi inhabits
Borneo.
Ar"gus-eyed (#), a. Extremely
observant; watchful; sharp-sighted.
Ar"gus shell` (#) . (Zo\'94l.)
A species of shell (Cypr\'91a argus), beautifully
variegated with spots resembling those in a peacock's tail.
Ar`gu*ta"tion (#), n. [L.
argutatio. See Argue.] Caviling;
subtle disputation. [Obs.]
Ar*gute" (#), a. [L.
argutus, p. p. of arguere. See
Argue.] 1. Sharp; shrill.
[Obs.]
Johnson.
2. Sagacious; acute; subtle; shrewd.
The active preacher . . . the argue schoolman.
Milman.
Ar*gute"ly, adv. In a subtle;
shrewdly.
Ar*gute"ness, n. Acuteness.
Dryden.
A*rhi"zal (#), A*rhi"zous
(#), A*rhyth"*mic (#),
A*rhyth"mous (#), a. See
Arrhizal, Arrhizous, Arrhythmic,
Arrhythmous.
\'d8A"ri*a (#), n. [It., fr. L.
a\'89r. See Air.] (Mus.)
An air or song; a melody; a tune.
Ar"ian (#), a. & n.
(Ethnol.) See Aryan.
A"ri*an (#), a. [L.
Arianus.] Pertaining to Arius, a presbyter
of the church of Alexandria, in the fourth century, or to the
doctrines of Arius, who held Christ to be inferior to God the
Father in nature and dignity, though the first and noblest of all
created beings. -- n. One who
adheres to or believes the doctrines of Arius.
Mosheim.
A"ri*an*ism (#), n. The
doctrines of the Arians.
A"ri*an*ize (#), v. i. To admit
or accept the tenets of the Arians; to become an Arian.
A"ri*an*ize, v. t. To convert to
Arianism.
Ar"i*cine (#), n. [From
Arica, in Chile.] (Chem.) An
alkaloid, first found in white cinchona bark.
Ar"id (#), a. [L.
aridus, fr. arere to be dry: cf. F.
aride.] Exhausted of moisture; parched with
heat; dry; barren. \'bdAn arid waste.\'b8
Thomson.
A*rid"i*ty (#), n.; pl.
Aridities (#). [L.
ariditas, fr. aridus.] 1.
The state or quality of being arid or without moisture;
dryness.
2. Fig.: Want of interest of feeling;
insensibility; dryness of style or feeling; spiritual
drought.
Norris.
Ar"id*ness (#), n. Aridity;
dryness.
A"ri*el (#), n., A"ri*el ga*zelle" (#). [Ar.
aryil, ayyil, stag.]
(Zo\'94l.) A) A variety of the gazelle
(Antilope, or Gazella, dorcas), found in Arabia and
adjacent countries. (b) A squirrel-like Australian
marsupial, a species of Petaurus. (c) A
beautiful Brazilian toucan Ramphastos ariel).
\'d8A"ri*es, n. [L.] 1.
(Astron.) (a) The Ram; the first of the
twelve signs in the zodiac, which the sun enters at the vernal
equinox, about the 21st of March. (b) A
constellation west of Taurus, drawn on the celestial globe in the
figure of a ram.
2. (Rom. Antiq.) A battering-ram.
Ar"i*e*tate (#), v. i. [L.
arietatus, p. p. of arietare, fr.
aries ram.] To butt, as a ram.
[Obs.]
Ar`i*e*ta"tion (#), n. [L.
arietatio.] 1. The act of butting
like a ram; act of using a battering-ram.
[Obs.]
Bacon.
2. Act of striking or conflicting.
[R.]
Glanvill.
{ \'d8A`ri*et"ta (#), Ar`i*ette"
(#), } n. [It. arietta,
dim. of aria; F. ariette.]
(Mus.) A short aria, or air. \'bdA military
ariette.\'b8
Sir W. Scott.
A*right" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- + right.] Rightly; correctly;
in a right way or form; without mistake or crime; as, to
worship God aright.
Ar"il (#), \'d8A*ril"lus
(#), n. [From LL.
arilli dry grapes, perh. fr. L. aridus dry:
cf. F,. arille.] (Bot.) A
exterior covering, forming a false coat or appendage to a seed,
as the loose, transparent bag inclosing the seed or the white
water lily. The mace of the nutmeg is also an
aril.
Gray.
Ar"il*late (#). Ar"l*la`ted
(#), Ar"iled (#), a.
[Cf. NL. arillatus, F.
arill\'82.] Having an aril.
A"ri*man (#), n. See
Ahriman.
Ar`i*o*la"tion (#), n. [L.
ariolatio, hariolatio, fr.
hariolari to prophesy, fr. hariolus
soothsayer.] A soothsaying; a foretelling.
[Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
Ar"i*ose (#), a. [It.
arioso, fr. aria.] Characterized
by melody, as distinguished from harmony.
Mendelssohn wants the ariose beauty of Handel;
vocal melody is not his forte; the interest of his airs
harmonic.
Foreign Quart. Rev.
\'d8A`ri*o"so (#), adv. & a.
[It.] (Mus.) In the smooth and
melodious style of an air; ariose.
A*rise" (#), v. i.
[imp. Arose (#); p.
pr. & vb. n. Arising; p. p.
Arisen (#).]. [AS.
\'ber\'c6san; \'be (equiv. to Goth.
us-, ur-, G. er-, orig. meaning
out) + r\'c6san to rise; cf. Goth. urreisan
to arise. See Rise.] 1. To
come up from a lower to a higher position; to come above the
horizon; to come up from one's bed or place of repose; to mount;
to ascend; to rise; as, to arise from a kneeling
posture; a cloud arose; the sun ariseth; he
arose early in the morning.
2. To spring up; to come into action, being, or
notice; to become operative, sensible, or visible; to begin to
act a part; to present itself; as, the waves of the sea
arose; a persecution arose; the wrath of the
king shall arise.
There arose up a new king . . . which knew not
Joseph.
Ex. i. 8.
The doubts that in his heart arose.
Milton.
3. To proceed; to issue; to spring.
Whence haply mention may arise
Of something not unseasonable to ask.
Milton.
A*rise", n. Rising.
[Obs.]
Drayton.
A*rist" (#), 3d sing. pres. of
Arise, for ariseth. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
\'d8A*ris"ta (#), n. [L.]
(Bot.) An awn.
Gray.
Ar"is*tarch (#), n. [From
Aristarchus, a Greek grammarian and critic, of
Alexandria, about 200 b. c.] A severe
critic.
Knowles.
Ar`is*tar"chi*an (#), a.
Severely critical.
Ar"is*tar`chy (#), n. Severely
criticism.
Ar"is*tar`chy (#), n. Severe
criticism. [Obs.]
Sir J. Harrington.
A*ris"tate (#), a. [L.
aristatus, fr. arista. See
Arista.] 1. (Bot.) Having
a pointed, beardlike process, as the glumes of wheat;
awned.
Gray.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Having a slender, sharp,
or spinelike tip.
Ar`is*toc"ra*cy (#), n.; pl.
Aristocracies (#). [Gr. /; /
best + / to be strong, to rule, / strength; / is perh. from
the same root as E. arm, and orig. meant
fitting: cf. F. aristocratie. See
Arm, and Create, which is related to Gr.
/.] 1. Government by the best
citizens.
2. A ruling body composed of the best
citizens. [Obs.]
In the Senate
Right not our quest in this, I will protest them
To all the world, no aristocracy.
B. Jonson.
3. A form a government, in which the supreme power
is vested in the principal persons of a state, or in a privileged
order; an oligarchy.
The aristocracy of Venice hath admitted so many
abuses, trough the degeneracy of the nobles, that the period of
its duration seems approach.
Swift.
4. The nobles or chief persons in a state; a
privileged class or patrician order; (in a popular use) those who
are regarded as superior to the rest of the community, as in
rank, fortune, or intellect.
A*ris"to*crat (?; 277), n. [F.
aristocrate. See Aristocracy.]
1. One of the aristocracy or people of rank in a
community; one of a ruling class; a noble.
2. One who is overbearing in his temper or habits;
a proud or haughty person.
A born aristocrat, bred radical.
Mrs. Browning.
3. One who favors an aristocracy as a form of
government, or believes the aristocracy should govern.
His whole family are accused of being
aristocrats.
Romilly.
{ Ar`is*to*crat"ic (#),
Ar`is*to*crat"ic*al (#), } a.
[Gr. /: cf. F. aristocratique.]
1. Of or pertaining to an aristocracy; consisting
in, or favoring, a government of nobles, or principal men;
as, an aristocratic constitution.
2. Partaking of aristocracy; befitting aristocracy;
characteristic of, or originating with, the aristocracy; as,
an aristocratic measure; aristocratic pride or
manners. --
Ar`is*to*crat"ic*al*ly, adv. --
Ar`is*to*crat"ic*al*ness, n.
Ar"is*to*crat`ism (#), n.
1. The principles of aristocrats.
Romilly.
2. Aristocrats, collectively.
[R.]
Ar`is*tol"o*gy (#), n. [Gr. /
dinner + -logy.] The science of
dining.
Quart. Rev.
Ar`is*to*phan"ic (#), a. Of or
pertaining to Aristophanes, the Athenian comic poet.
Ar`is*to*te"li*an (?; 277), a.
Of or pertaining to Aristotle, the famous Greek philosopher
(384-322 b. c.). -- n. A
follower of Aristotle; a Peripatetic. See
Peripatetic.
Ar`is*to*te"li*an*ism (#). The philosophy
of Aristotle, otherwise called the Peripatetic philosophy.
Ar`is*to*tel"ic (#), a.
Pertaining to Aristotle or to his philosophy.
\'bdAristotelic usage.\'b8
Sir W. Hamilton.
Ar"is*to`tle's lan"tern (#).
(Zo\'94l.) The five united jaws and accessory
ossicles of certain sea urchins.
A*ris"tu*late (?; 135), a.
[Dim. fr. arista.] (Bot.)
Pertaining a short beard or awn.
Gray.
Ar"ith*man`cy (#), n. [Gr. /
number + -mancy.] Divination by means of
numbers.
A*rith"me*tic (#), n. [OE.
arsmetike, OF. arismetique, L.
arithmetica, fr. Gr. / (sc. /), fr. /
arithmetical, fr. / to number, fr. / number, prob. fr. same
root as E. arm, the idea of counting coming from that
of fitting, attaching. See Arm. The modern Eng. and
French forms are accommodated to the Greek.] 1.
The science of numbers; the art of computation by
figures.
2. A book containing the principles of this
science.
Arithmetic of sines, trigonometry. --
Political arithmetic, the application of the
science of numbers to problems in civil government, political
economy, and social science. -- Universal
arithmetic, the name given by Sir Isaac Newton to
algebra.
Ar`ith*met"ic*al (#), a. Of or
pertaining to arithmetic; according to the rules or method of
arithmetic.
Arithmetical complement of a logarithm. See
Logarithm. -- Arithmetical mean. See
Mean. -- Arithmetical progression.
See Progression. -- Arithmetical
proportion. See Proportion.
Ar`ith*met"ic*al*ly, adv. Conformably to
the principles or methods of arithmetic.
A*rith`me*ti"cian (#), n. [Cf.
F. arithm\'82ticien.] One skilled in
arithmetic.
A*rith"mo*man"cy (#), n.
Arithmancy.
Ar`ith*mom"e*ter (#), n. [Gr.
/ number + -meter: cf. F.
arithmom\'8atre.] A calculating
machine.
Ark (#), n. [OE.
ark, arke, arche, AS.
arc, earc, earce, fr. L.
arca, fr. arcere to inclose, keep off; akin
to Gr. / to keep off.] 1. A chest, or
coffer. [Obs.]
Bearing that precious relic in an ark.
Spenser.
2. (Jewish Hist.) The oblong chest of
acacia wood, overlaid with gold, which supported the mercy seat
with its golden cherubs, and occupied the most sacred place in
the sanctuary. In it Moses placed the two tables of stone
containing the ten commandments. Called also the Ark of
the Covenant.
3. The large, chestlike vessel in which Noah and
his family were preserved during the Deluge. Gen. vi.
Hence: Any place of refuge.
4. A large flatboat used on Western American rivers
to transport produce to market.
Ark"ite (#), a. Belonging to
the ark. [R.]
Faber.
Ark" shell` (#). (Zo\'94l.) A
marine bivalve shell belonging to the genus Arca and
its allies.
Arles (#), n. pl. [Cf. F.
arrhes, Scot. airles. Cf. Earles
penny.] An earnest; earnest money; money paid to
bind a bargain. [Scot.]
Arles penny, earnest money given to
servants. Kersey.
Arm (#), n. [AS.
arm, earm; akin to OHG. aram,
G., D., Dan., & Sw. arm, Icel. armr, Goth.
arms, L. armus arm, shoulder, and prob. to
Gr. / joining, joint, shoulder, fr. the root / to join, to
fit together; cf. Slav. rame. /. See Art,
Article.] 1. The limb of the human
body which extends from the shoulder to the hand; also, the
corresponding limb of a monkey.
2. Anything resembling an arm; as,
(a) The fore limb of an animal, as of a
bear. (b) A limb, or locomotive or
prehensile organ, of an invertebrate animal. (c)
A branch of a tree. (d) A slender part
of an instrument or machine, projecting from a trunk, axis, or
fulcrum; as, the arm of a steelyard.
(e) (Naut) The end of a yard; also, the
part of an anchor which ends in the fluke. (f)
An inlet of water from the sea. (g) A
support for the elbow, at the side of a chair, the end of a sofa,
etc.
3. Fig.: Power; might; strength; support; as,
the secular arm; the arm of the law.
To whom is the arm of the Lord revealed?
Isa. lii. 1.
Arm's end, the end of the arm; a good distance
off. Dryden. -- Arm's length, the
length of the arm. -- Arm's reach, reach of
the arm; the distance the arm can reach. -- To
go (or walk) arm in arm,
to go with the arm or hand of one linked in the arm of
another. \'bdWhen arm in armwe went along.\'b8
Tennyson. -- To keep at arm's length, to
keep at a distance (literally or figuratively); not to allow to
come into close contact or familiar intercourse. -- To
work at arm's length, to work
disadvantageously.
Arm, n. [See Arms.]
(Mil.) (a) A branch of the military
service; as, the cavalry arm was made
efficient. (b) A weapon of offense or
defense; an instrument of warfare; -- commonly in the
pl.
Arm, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Armed (#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Arming.] [OE. armen, F.
armer, fr. L. armare, fr. arma,
pl., arms. See arms.] 1. To take by
the arm; to take up in one's arms. [Obs.]
And make him with our pikes and partisans
A grave: come, arm him.
Shak.
Arm your prize;
I know you will not lose him.
Two N. Kins.
2. To furnish with arms or limbs.
[R.]
His shoulders broad and strong,
Armed long and round.
Beau. & Fl.
3. To furnish or equip with weapons of offense or
defense; as, to arm soldiers; to arm the
country.
Abram . . . armed his trained servants.
Gen. xiv. 14.
4. To cover or furnish with a plate, or with
whatever will add strength, force, security, or efficiency;
as, to arm the hit of a sword; to arm a
hook in angling.
5. Fig.: To furnish with means of defense; to
prepare for resistance; to fortify, in a moral sense.
Arm yourselves . . . with the same mind.
1 Pet. iv. 1.
To arm a magnet, to fit it with an
armature.
Arm, v. i. To provide one's self with
arms, weapons, or means of attack or resistance; to take
arms. \'bd 'Tis time to arm.\'b8
Shak.
<-- p. 82 -->
Ar*ma"da (#), n. [Sp.
armada, L. as if armata (sc.
classic fleet), fr. armatus, p. p. of
armare. See Arm, v. t.
Army.] A fleet of armed ships; a squadron.
Specifically, the Spanish fleet which was sent to assail England,
a. d. 1558.
Ar`ma*dil"lo (#), n.; pl.
Armadillos (#). [Sp.
armadillo, dim. of armado armed, p. p. of
armar to arm. Do called from being armed with a bony
shell.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) Any
edentate animal if the family Dasypid\'91, peculiar to
America. The body and head are incased in an armor composed of
small bony plates. The armadillos burrow in the earth, seldom
going abroad except at night. When attacked, they curl up into a
ball, presenting the armor on all sides. Their flesh is good
food. There are several species, one of which (the peba) is found
as far north as Texas. See Peba, Poyou,
Tatouay. (b) A genus of small isopod
Crustacea that can roll themselves into a ball.
Ar*ma"do (#), n. Armada.
[Obs.]
Ar"ma*ment (#), n. [L.
armamenta, pl., utensils, esp. the tackle of a ship,
fr. armare to arm: cf. LL. armamentum, F.
armement.] 1. A body of forces
equipped for war; -- used of a land or naval force. \'bdThe
whole united armament of Greece.\'b8
Glover.
2. (Mil. & Nav.) All the cannon and
small arms collectively, with their equipments, belonging to a
ship or a fortification.
3. Any equipment for resistance.
Ar`ma*men"ta*ry (#), n. [L.
armamentarium, fr. armamentum: cf. F.
armamentaire.] An armory; a magazine or
arsenal. [R.]
Ar"ma*ture (#), n. [L.
armatura, fr. armare to arm: cf. F.
armature. See Arm, v. t.,
Armor.] 1. Armor; whatever is worn
or used for the protection and defense of the body, esp. the
protective outfit of some animals and plants.
2. (Magnetism) A piece of soft iron used
to connect the two poles of a magnet, or electro-magnet, in order
to complete the circuit, or to receive and apply the magnetic
force. In the ordinary horseshoe magnet, it serves to prevent the
dissipation of the magnetic force.
3. (Arch.) Iron bars or framing employed
for the consolidation of a building, as in sustaining slender
columns, holding up canopies, etc.
Oxf. Gloss.
Arm"chair` (#), n. A chair with
arms to support the elbows or forearms.
Tennyson.
Armed (#), a. 1.
Furnished with weapons of offense or defense; furnished with
the means of security or protection. \'bdAnd
armed host.\'b8
Dryden.
2. Furnished with whatever serves to add strength,
force, or efficiency.
A distemper eminently armed from heaven.
De Foe.
3. (Her.) Having horns, beak, talons,
etc; -- said of beasts and birds of prey.
Armed at all points (Blazoning),
completely incased in armor, sometimes described as
armed cap-\'85-pie. Cussans. --
Armed en flute. (Naut.) See under
Flute. -- Armed magnet, a magnet
provided with an armature. -- Armed neutrality.
See under Neutrality.
Ar*me"ni*an (#), a. [Cf. F.
Arm\'82nien, L. Armenias, fr.
Armenia.] Of or pertaining to
Armenia.
Armenian bole, a soft clayey earth of a bright
red color found in Armenia, Tuscany, etc. -- Armenian
stone. (a) The commercial name of lapis
lazuli. (b) Emery.
Ar*me"ni*an, n. 1. A native or
one of the people of Armenia; also, the language of the
Armenians.
2. (Eccl. Hist.) An adherent of the
Armenian Church, an organization similar in some doctrines and
practices to the Greek Church, in others to the Roman
Catholic.
Arm"et (#), n. [F., dim. of
arme arm, or corrupted for healmet
helmet.] A kind of helmet worn in the 14th, 15th, and
16th centuries.
Arm"ful (#), n.; pl.
Armfulus (#). As much as the arm
can hold.
Arm"gaunt` (#), a. With gaunt
or slender legs. (?) \'bdAn armgaunt steed.\'b8
Shak.
Arm"-gret` (#), a. Great as a
man's arm. [Obs.]
A wreath of gold, arm-gret.
Chaucer.
Arm"hole` (#), n.
[Arm + hole.] 1.
The cavity under the shoulder; the armpit.
Bacon.
2. A hole for the arm in a garment.
Ar*mif"er*ous (#), a. [L.
armifer; arma arms + ferre to
bear.] Bearing arms or weapons.
[R.]
Ar"mi*ger (#), n. [L.
armiger armor bearer; arma arms +
gerere to bear.] Formerly, an armor bearer,
as of a knight, an esquire who bore his shield and rendered other
services. In later use, one next in degree to a knight, and
entitled to armorial bearings. The term is now superseded by
esquire.
Jacob.
Ar*mig"er*ous (#), a. Bearing
arms. [R.]
They belonged to the armigerous part of the
population, and were entitled to write themselves Esquire.
De Quincey.
Ar"mil (#), n. [L.
armilla a bracelet, fr. armus arm: cf. OF.
armille.] 1. A bracelet.
[Obs.]
2. An ancient astronomical instrument.
equinoctial armil; when of two or more rings, one
in the plane of the meridian, for observing the solstices, it is
called a solstitial armil.
Whewell.
\'d8Ar*mil"la (#), n.; pl. E.
Armillas (#), L. Armill\'91
(#). [L., a bracelet.] 1.
An armil.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A ring of hair or feathers
on the legs.
Ar"mil*la*ry (#), a. [LL.
armillarius, fr. L. armilla arm ring,
bracelet, fr. armus arm: cf. F. armillaire.
See Arm, n.] Pertaining to, or
resembling, a bracelet or ring; consisting of rings or
circles.
Armillary sphere, an ancient astronomical
machine composed of an assemblage of rings, all circles of the
same sphere, designed to represent the positions of the important
circles of the celestial sphere.
Nichol.
Arm"ing (#), n. 1. The
act of furnishing with, or taking, arms.
The arming was now universal.
Macaulay.
2. (Naut.) A piece of tallow placed in a
cavity at the lower end of a sounding lead, to bring up the sand,
shells, etc., of the sea bottom.
Totten.
3. pl. (Naut.) Red dress
cloths formerly hung fore and aft outside of a ship's upper works
on holidays.
Arming press (Bookbinding), a press
for stamping titles and designs on the covers of books.
Ar*min"i*an (?; 277), a. Of or
pertaining to Arminius of his followers, or to their doctrines.
See note under Arminian, n.
Ar*min"i*an, n. (Eccl. Hist.)
One who holds the tenets of Arminius, a Dutch divine (b.
1560, d. 1609).
The Arminian doctrines are: 1. Conditional election and
reprobation, in opposition to absolute predestination. 2.
Universal redemption, or that the atonement was made by Christ
for all mankind, though none but believers can be partakers of
the benefit. 3. That man, in order to exercise true faith, must
be regenerated and renewed by the operation of the Holy Spirit,
which is the gift of God. 4. That man may resist divine grace. 5.
That man may relapse from a state of grace.
Ar*min"i*an*ism (#), n. The
religious doctrines or tenets of the Arminians.
Ar*mip"o*tence (#), n. [L.
armipotentia, fr. armipotents.]
Power in arms. [R.]
Johnson.
Ar*mip"o*tent (#), a. [L.
armipotents; arma arms + potens
powerful, p. pr. of posse to be able.]
Powerful in arms; mighty in battle.
The temple stood of Mars armipotent.
Dryden.
{ Ar*mis"o*nant (#),
Ar*mis"o*nous (#), } a.
[L. armisonus; arma arms +
sonare (p. pr. sonans) to sound.]
Rustling in arms; resounding with arms.
[Obs.]
Ar"mis*tice (#), n. [F.
armistice, fr. (an assumed word) L.
armistitium; arma arms + stare,
statum (combining form, -stitum), to stand
still.] A cessation of arms for a short time, by
convention; a temporary suspension of hostilities by agreement; a
truce.
Arm"less (#), a. 1.
Without any arm or branch.
2. Destitute of arms or weapons.
Arm"let (#), n. [Arm
+ -let.] 1. A small arm; as,
an armlet of the sea.
Johnson.
2. An arm ring; a bracelet for the upper arm.
3. Armor for the arm.
Ar*mo"ni*ac (#), a.
Ammoniac. [Obs.]
Ar"mor (#), n. [OE.
armure, fr. F. armure, OF.
armeure, fr. L. armatura. See
Armature.] [Spelt also
armour.] 1. Defensive arms for
the body; any clothing or covering worn to protect one's person
in battle.
armor is used for the
whole apparatus of war, including offensive as well as defensive
arms. The statues of armor directed what arms every
man should provide.
2. Steel or iron covering, whether of ships or
forts, protecting them from the fire of artillery.
Coat armor, the escutcheon of a person or
family, with its several charges and other furniture, as
mantling, crest, supporters, motto, etc. --
Submarine, a water-tight dress or covering for a
diver. See under Submarine.
Ar"mor-bear`er (#), n. One who
carries the armor or arms of another; an armiger.
Judg. ix. 54.
Ar"mored (#), a. Clad with
armor.
Ar"mor*er (#), n. [OE.
armurer, armerer, fr. F.
armurter, fr. armure armor.] 1.
One who makes or repairs armor or arms.
2. Formerly, one who had care of the arms and armor
of a knight, and who dressed him in armor.
Shak.
3. One who has the care of arms and armor, cleans
or repairs them, etc.
Ar*mo"ri*al (#), a. [F.
armorial, fr. armoiries arms, coats of
arms, for armoieries, fr. OF. armoier to
paint arms, coats of arms, fr. armes, fr. L.
arma. See Arms, Armory.]
Belonging to armor, or to the heraldic arms or escutcheon of
a family.
Figures with armorial signs of race and birth.
Wordsworth.
Armorial bearings. See Arms,
4.
{ Ar*mor"ic (#), Ar*mor"i*can
(#), } a. [L.
Armoricus, fr. Celtic ar on, at +
mor sea.] Of or pertaining to the
northwestern part of France (formerly called Armorica,
now Bretagne or Brittany), or to its people. --
n. The language of the Armoricans, a
Celtic dialect which has remained to the present
times.
Ar*mor"i*can, n. A native of
Armorica.
Ar"mor*ist (#), n. [F.
armoriste.] One skilled in coat armor or
heraldry.
Cussans.
Ar"mor-plat`ed (#), a. Covered
with defensive plates of metal, as a ship of war;
steel-clad.
This day will be launched . . . the first
armor-plated steam frigate in the possession of Great
Britain.
Times (Dec. 29, 1860).
Ar"mo*ry (#), n.; pl.
Armories (#). [OF.
armaire, armarie, F. armoire,
fr. L. armarium place for keeping arms; but confused
with F. armoiries. See Armorial,
Ambry.] 1. A place where arms and
instruments of war are deposited for safe keeping.
2. Armor: defensive and offensive arms.
Celestial armory, shields, helms, and spears.
Milton.
3. A manufactory of arms, as rifles, muskets,
pistols, bayonets, swords. [U.S.]
4. Ensigns armorial; armorial bearings.
Spensplw.
5. That branch of hplwaldry which treats of coat
armor.
The science of heraldry, or, more justly speaking,
armory, which is but one branch of heraldry, is,
without doubt, of very ancient origin.
Cussans.
{ Ar`mo*zeen", Ar`mo*zine" }
(#), n.
[ets>armosin, armoisin.] A thick
plain silk, generally black, and used for clerical.
Simmonds.
Arm"pit` (#), n.
[Arm + pit.] The hollow
beneath the junction of the arm and shoulder; the axilla.
Arm"rack` (#), n. A frame,
generally vertical, for holding small arms.
Arms (#), n. pl. [OE.
armes, F. arme, pl. armes, fr.
L. arma, pl., arms, orig. fittings, akin to
armus shoulder, and E. arm. See
Arm, n.] 1. Instruments
or weapons of offense or defense.
He lays down his arms, but not his wiles.
Milton.
Three horses and three goodly suits of arms.
Tennyson.
2. The deeds or exploits of war; military service
or science. \'bdArms and the man I sing.\'b8
Dryden.
3. (Law) Anything which a man takes in
his hand in anger, to strike or assault another with; an
aggressive weapon.
Cowell. Blackstone.
4. (Her.) The ensigns armorial of a
family, consisting of figures and colors borne in shields,
banners, etc., as marks of dignity and distinction, and
descending from father to son.
5. (Falconry) The legs of a hawk from
the thigh to the foot.
Halliwell.
Bred to arms, educated to the profession of a
soldier. -- In arms, armed for war; in a
state of hostility. -- Small arms, portable
firearms known as muskets, rifles, carbines, pistols, etc.
-- A stand of arms, a complete set for one
soldier, as a musket, bayonet, cartridge box and belt;
frequently, the musket and bayonet alone. -- To
arms! a summons to war or battle. -- Under
arms, armed and equipped and in readiness for battle,
or for a military parade.
Arm's end, Arm's length, Arm's
reach. See under Arm.
Ar"mure (#), n. [F. See
Armor.] 1. Armor.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
2. A variety of twilled fabric ribbed on the
surface.
Ar"my (#), n. [F.
arm\'82e, fr. L. armata, fem. of
armatus, p. p. of armare to arm. Cf.
Armada.] 1. A collection or body of
men armed for war, esp. one organized in companies, battalions,
regiments, brigades, and divisions, under proper officers.
2. A body of persons organized for the advancement
of a cause; as, the Blue Ribbon Army.
3. A great number; a vast multitude; a host.
An army of good words.
Shak.
Standing army, a permanent army of
professional soldiers, as distinguished from militia or
volunteers.
Ar"my worm` (#). (Zo\'94l.)
(a) A lepidopterous insect, which in the larval
state often travels in great multitudes from field to field,
destroying grass, grain, and other crops. The common army worm of
the northern United States is Leucania unipuncta. The
name is often applied to other related species, as the cotton
worm. (b) The larva of a small two-winged fly
(Sciara), which marches in large companies, in regular
order. See Cotton worm, under Cotton.
\'d8Ar"na (#), \'d8Ar"nee
(#), n. (Zo\'94l.) The
wild buffalo of India (Bos, or Bubalus, arni), larger
than the domestic buffalo and having enormous horns.
Ar*nat"to (#), n. See
Annotto.
Ar"ni*ca (#), n. [Prob. a
corruption of ptarmica.] (Bot.)
A genus of plants; also, the most important species
(Arnica montana), native of the mountains of Europe,
used in medicine as a narcotic and stimulant.
arnica is applied
externally as a remedy for bruises, sprains, etc.
Ar"ni*cin (#), n. [See
Arnica.] (Chem.) An active
principle of Arnica montana. It is a bitter
resin.
Ar"ni*cine (#), n.
(Chem.) An alkaloid obtained from the arnica
plant.
{ Ar"not (#), Ar"nut
(#), } n. [Cf. D.
aardnoot, E. earthut.] The
earthnut. [Obs.]
Ar*not"to (#), n. Same as
Annotto.
A"roid (#), A*roid"e*ous
(#), a. [Arum +
-oid.] (Bot.) Belonging to, or
resembling, the Arum family of plants.
A*roint" (#), interj. [Cf.
Prov. E. rynt, rynt thee, roynt,
or runt, terms used by milkmaids to a cow that has
been milked, in order to drive her away, to make room for others;
AS. r/man to make room or way, fr. r/m
room. The final t is perh. for ta, for
thou. Cf. Room space.] Stand off,
or begone. [Obs.]
Aroint thee, witch, the rump-fed ronyon cries.
Shak.
A*roint", v. t. To drive or scare off by
some exclamation. [R.] \'bdWhiskered cats
arointed flee.\'b8 Mrs. Browning.
A*ro"ma (#), n. [L.
aroma, Gr. /: cf. OE. aromaz,
aromat, spice, F. aromate.]
1. The quality or principle of plants or other
substances which constitutes their fragrance; agreeable odor;
as, the aroma of coffee.
2. Fig.: The fine diffusive quality of intellectual
power; flavor; as, the subtile aroma of
genius.
{ Ar`o*mat"ic (#), Ar`o*mat"ic*al
(#), } a. [L.
aromaticus, Gr. /: cf. F. aromatique. See
Aroma.] Pertaining to, or containing, aroma;
fragrant; spicy; strong-scented; odoriferous; as,
aromatic balsam.
<-- p. 83 -->
Aromatic compound (Chem.), one of a
large class of organic substances, as the oils of bitter almonds,
wintergreen, and turpentine, the balsams, camphors, etc., many of
which have an aromatic odor. They include many of the most
important of the carbon compounds and may all be derived from the
benzene group, C6H6. The term is extended also
to many of their derivatives. -- Aromatic
vinegar. See under Vinegar.
Ar`o*mat"ic (#), n. A plant,
drug, or medicine, characterized by a fragrant smell, and usually
by a warm, pungent taste, as ginger, cinnamon spices.
Ar`o*mat`i*za"tion (#), n. [Cf.
F. aromatisation.] The act of impregnating
or secting with aroma.
A*ro"ma*tize (?; 277), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Aromatized
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Aromatizing.] [L.
aromatizare, Gr. /: cf. F.
aromatiser.] To impregnate with aroma; to
render aromatic; to give a spicy scent or taste to; to
perfume.
Bacon.
A*ro"ma*ti`zer (#), n. One who,
or that which, aromatizes or renders aromatic.
Evelyn.
A*ro"ma*tous (#), a.
Aromatic. [Obs.]
Caxton.
Ar"oph (#), n. [A contraction
of aroma philosophorum.] A
barbarous word used by the old chemists to designate various
medical remedies. [Obs.]
A*rose" (#). The past or preterit tense of
Arise.
A*round" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- + round.] 1. In a
circle; circularly; on every side; round.
2. In a circuit; here and there within the
surrounding space; all about; as, to travel around
from town to town.
3. Near; in the neighborhood; as, this man was
standing around when the fight took place.
[Colloq. U. S.]
Round, the shorter form, adv. &
prep., which, in some of the meanings, is more commonly
used.
A*round", prep. 1. On all sides
of; encircling; encompassing; so as to make the circuit of;
about.
A lambent flame arose, which gently spread
Around his brows.
Dryden.
2. From one part to another of; at random through;
about; on another side of; as, to travel around the
country; a house standing around the corner.
[Colloq. U. S.]
A*rous"al (#), n. The act of
arousing, or the state of being aroused.
Whatever has associated itself with the arousal and
activity of our better nature.
Hare.
A*rouse" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Aroused
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Arousing.] [Pref. a- +
rouse.] To excite to action from a state of
rest; to stir, or put in motion or exertion; to rouse; to excite;
as, to arouse one from sleep; to arouse the
dormant faculties.
Grasping his spear, forth issued to arouse
His brother, mighty sovereign on the host.
Cowper.
No suspicion was aroused.
Merivale.
A*row" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- + row.] In a row, line, or
rank; successively; in order.
Shak.
And twenty, rank in rank, they rode arow.
Dryden.
A*roynt" (#), interj. See
Aroint.
\'d8Ar*peg"gio (#), n. [It.,
fr. arpeggiare to play on the harp, fr.
arpa harp.] (Mus.) The
production of the tones of a chord in rapid succession, as in
playing the harp, and not simultaneously; a strain thus
played.
{ Ar"pent (#), Ar"pen
(#), } n. [F. arpent,
fr. L. arepennis, arapennis. According to
Columella, a Gallic word for a measure equiv. to half a Roman
jugerum.] Formerly, a measure of land in
France, varying in different parts of the country. The
arpent of Paris was 4,088 sq. yards, or nearly five
sixths of an English acre. The woodland arpent was
about 1 acre, 1 rood, 1 perch, English.
Ar`pen*ta"tor (#), n. [See
Arpent.] The Anglicized form of the French
arpenteur, a land surveyor. [R.]
Ar"pine (#), n. An
arpent. [Obs.]
Webster (1623).
Ar"qua*ted (#), a. Shaped like
a bow; arcuate; curved. [R.]
{ Ar"que*bus, Ar"que*buse } (?;
277), n. [F. arquebuse, OF.
harquebuse, fr. D. haak-bus; cf.
G. hakenb\'81chse a gun with a hook. See
Hagbut.] A sort of hand gun or firearm a
contrivance answering to a trigger, by which the burning match
was applied. The musket was a later invention.
[Written also harquebus.]
Ar`que*bus*ade" (#), n. [F.
arquebusade shot of an arquebus; eau
d'arquebusade a vulnerary for gunshot wounds.]
1. The shot of an arquebus.
Ash.
2. A distilled water from a variety of aromatic
plants, as rosemary, millefoil, etc.; -- originally used as a
vulnerary in gunshot wounds.
Parr.
Ar`que*bus*ier (#), n. [F.
arquebusier.] A soldier armed with an
arquebus.
Soldiers armed with guns, of whatsoever sort or denomination,
appear to have been called arquebusiers.
E. Lodge.
Ar"qui*foux (#), n. Same as
Alquifou.
Ar"rach (#), n. See
Orach.
Ar"rack (?; 277), n. [Ar.
araq sweat, juice, spirituous liquor, fr.
araqa to sweat. Cf. Rack arrack.]
A name in the East Indies and the Indian islands for all
ardent spirits. Arrack is often distilled from a fermented
mixture of rice, molasses, and palm wine of the cocoanut tree or
the date palm, etc.
Ar*rag"o*nite (#), n. See
Aragonite.
Ar*raign" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Arraigned
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Arraigning.] [OE. arainen,
arenen, OF. aragnier, aranier,
araisnier, F. arraisonner, fr. LL.
arrationare to address to call before court; L.
ad + ratio reason, reasoning, LL. cause, judgment. See
Reason.] 1. (Law) To call
or set as a prisoner at the bar of a court to answer to the
matter charged in an indictment or complaint.
Blackstone.
2. To call to account, or accuse, before the bar of
reason, taste, or any other tribunal.
They will not arraign you for want of
knowledge.
Dryden.
It is not arrogance, but timidity, of which the Christian body
should now be arraigned by the world.
I. Taylor.
Syn. -- To accuse; impeach; charge; censure; criminate;
indict; denounce. See Accuse.
Ar*raign", n. Arraignment; as, the
clerk of the arraigns.
Blackstone. Macaulay.
Ar*raign" (#), v. t. [From OF.
aramier, fr. LL. adhramire.]
(Old Eng. Law) To appeal to; to demand; as,
to arraign an assize of novel disseizin.
Ar*raign"er (#), n. One who
arraigns.
Coleridge.
Ar*raign"ment (#), n. [Cf. OF.
arraynement, aresnement.] 1.
(Law) The act of arraigning, or the state of
being arraigned; the act of calling and setting a prisoner before
a court to answer to an indictment or complaint.
2. A calling to an account to faults;
accusation.
In the sixth satire, which seems only an
Arraignment of the whole sex, there is a latent
admonition.
Dryden.
Ar*rai"ment, Ar*ray"ment
(#), n. [From Array, v.
t.] Clothes; raiment. [Obs.]
Ar*range" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Arranged; p.
pr. & vb. n. Arranging (#).]
[OE. arayngen, OF. arengier, F.
arranger, fr. a (L. ad) + OF.
rengier, rangier, F. ranger. See
Range, v. t.] 1. To put
in proper order; to dispose (persons, or parts) in the manner
intended, or best suited for the purpose; as, troops
arranged for battle.
So [they] came to the market place, and there he
arranged his men in the streets.
Berners.
[They] were beginning to arrange their hampers.
Boswell.
A mechanism previously arranged.
Paley.
2. To adjust or settle; to prepare; to determine;
as, to arrange the preliminaries of an
undertaking.
Syn. -- Adjust; adapt; range; dispose; classify.
Ar*range"ment (#), n. [Cf. F.
arrangement.] 1. The act of
arranging or putting in an orderly condition; the state of being
arranged or put in order; disposition in suitable form.
2. The manner or result of arranging; system of
parts disposed in due order; regular and systematic
classification; as, arrangement of one's dress; the
Linn\'91an arrangement of plants.
3. Preparatory proceeding or measure; preparation;
as, we have made arrangement for receiving
company.
4. Settlement; adjustment by agreement; as, the
parties have made an arrangement between themselves
concerning their disputes; a satisfactory
arrangement.
5. (Mus.) (a) The adaptation of
a composition to voices or instruments for which it was not
originally written. (b) A piece so adapted; a
transcription; as, a pianoforte arrangement of
Beethoven's symphonies; an orchestral arrangement of a
song, an opera, or the like.
Ar*ran"ger (#), n. One who
arranges.
Burke.
Ar"rant (#), a. [OE.
erraunt, errant, errand, equiv.
to E. errant wandering, which was first applied to
vagabonds, as an errant rogue, an errant
thief, and hence passed gradually into its present and
worse sense. See Errant.] Notoriously or
pre\'89minently bad; thorough or downright, in a bad sense;
shameless; unmitigated; as, an arrant rogue or
coward.
I discover an arrant laziness in my soul.
Fuller.
2. Thorough or downright, in a good sense.
[Obs.]
An arrant honest woman.
Burton.
Ar"rant*ly, adv. Notoriously, in an ill
sense; infamously; impudently; shamefully.
L'Estrange.
Ar"ras (#), n. [From
Arras the capital of Artois, in the French
Netherlands.] Tapestry; a rich figured fabric;
especially, a screen or hangings of heavy cloth with interwoven
figures.
Stateliest couches, with rich arras spread.
Cowper.
Behind the arras I'll convey myself.
Shak.
Ar"ras, v. t. To furnish with an
arras.
Chapman.
Ar`ras*ene" (#), n. [From
Arras.] A material of wool or silk used for
working the figures in embroidery.
\'d8Ar*ras"tre (#), n.
[Sp.] A rude apparatus for pulverizing ores, esp.
those containing free gold.
Ar"ras*wise` (#),
Ar"ras*ways`, adv. [Prob. a
corruption of arriswise. See Arris.]
Placed in such a position as to exhibit the top and two
sides, the corner being in front; -- said of a rectangular
form.
Encyc. Brit. Cussans.
Ar*raught" (#). [The past tense of an old
v. areach or arreach. Cf. Reach,
obs. pret. raught.] Obtained; seized.
Spenser.
Ar*ray" (#), n. [OE.
arai, arrai, OF. arrai,
arrei, arroi, order, arrangement, dress, F.
arroi; a (L. ad) + OF.
rai, rei, roi, order,
arrangement, fr. G. or Scand.; cf. Goth. raidjan,
garaidjan, to arrange, MHG. gereiten, Icel.
rei\'ebi rigging, harness; akin to E.
ready. Cf. Ready, Greith,
Curry.] 1. Order; a regular and
imposing arrangement; disposition in regular lines; hence, order
of battle; as, drawn up in battle array.
Wedged together in the closest array.
Gibbon.
2. The whole body of persons thus placed in order;
an orderly collection; hence, a body of soldiers.
A gallant array of nobles and cavaliers.
Prescott.
3. An imposing series of things.
Their long array of sapphire and of gold.
Byron.
4. Dress; garments disposed in order upon the
person; rich or beautiful apparel.
Dryden.
5. (Law) (a) A ranking or
setting forth in order, by the proper officer, of a jury as
impaneled in a cause. (b) The panel
itself. (c) The whole body of jurors summoned
to attend the court.
To challenge the array (Law), to
except to the whole panel. Cowell.
Tomlins. Blount. -- Commission of
array (Eng. Hist.), a commission given by
the prince to officers in every county, to muster and
array the inhabitants, or see them in a condition for
war. Blackstone.
Ar*ray", v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Arrayed (#); p. pr. & vb.
n. Arraying.] [OE.
araien, arraien, fr. OE.
arraier, arreier, arreer,
arroier, fr. arrai. See Array,
n.] 1. To place or dispose in
order, as troops for battle; to marshal.
By torch and trumpet fast arrayed,
Each horseman drew his battle blade.
Campbell.
These doubts will be arrayed before their
minds.
Farrar.
2. To deck or dress; to adorn with dress; to cloth
to envelop; -- applied esp. to dress of a splendid kind.
Pharaoh . . . arrayed him in vestures of fine
linen.
Gen. xli./.
In gelid caves with horrid gloom arrayed.
Trumbull.
3. (Law) To set in order, as a jury, for
the trial of a cause; that is, to call them man by man.
Blackstone.
To array a panel, to set forth in order the
men that are impaneled.
Cowell. Tomlins.
Syn. -- To draw up; arrange; dispose; set in order.
Ar*ray"er, n. One who arrays. In some
early English statutes, applied to an officer who had care of the
soldiers' armor, and who saw them duly accoutered.
Ar*rear" (#), adv. [OE.
arere, OF. arere, ariere, F.
arri\'8are, fr. L. ad + retro backward. See
Rear.] To or in the rear; behind;
backwards. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Ar*rear", n. That which is behind in
payment, or which remains unpaid, though due; esp. a remainder,
or balance which remains due when some part has been paid;
arrearage; -- commonly used in the plural, as,
arrears of rent, wages, or taxes.
Locke.
For much I dread due payment by the Greeks
Of yesterday's arrear.
Cowper.
I have a large arrear of letters to write.
J. D. Forbes.
In arrear In arrears,
behind; backward; behindhand; in debt.
Ar*rear"age (#), n. [F.
arr\'82rage, fr. arri\'8are, OF.
arere. See Arrear.] That which
remains unpaid and overdue, after payment of a part;
arrears.
The old arrearages . . . being defrayed.
Howell.
{ Ar*rect" (#), Ar*rect"ed,
} a. [L. arrectus, p. p. of
arrigere to raise, erect; ad + regere to
lead straight, to direct.] 1. Lifted up;
raised; erect.
2. Attentive, as a person listening.
[Obs.]
God speaks not the idle and unconcerned hearer, but to the
vigilant and arrect.
Smalridge.
Ar*rect", v. t. 1. To
direct. [Obs.]
My supplication to you I arrect.
Skelton.
2. [See Aret.] To impute.
[Obs.]
Sir T. More.
Ar*rect"a*ry (#), n. [L.
arrectarius, fr. arrigere o set up.]
An upright beam. [Obs.]
Bp. Hall.
Ar`re*not"o*kous (#), a. [Gr.
/ bearing males; / a male + / a bringing forth.]
(Zo\'94l.) Producing males from unfertilized
eggs, as certain wasps and bees.
Ar`ren*ta"tion (#). [Cf. F.
arrenter to give or take as rent. See
Arendator.] (O. Eng. Law) A
letting or renting, esp. a license to inclose land in a forest
with a low hedge and a ditch, under a yearly rent.
Ar*rep"tion (#), n. [L.
arripere, arreptum, to seize, snatch;
ad + rapere to snatch. See Rapacious.]
The act of taking away. [Obs.] \'bdThis
arreption was sudden.\'b8
Bp. Hall.
Ar`rep*ti"tious (#), a. [L.
arreptitius.] Snatched away; seized or
possessed, as a demoniac; raving; mad; crack-brained.
[Obs.]
Odd, arreptitious, frantic extravagances.
Howell.
Ar*rest" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Arrested; p.
pr. & vb. n. Arresting.] [OE.
aresten, OF. arester, F.
arr\'88ter, fr. LL. arrestare; L. ad +
restare to remain, stop; re + stare to stand.
See Rest remainder.] 1. To stop; to
check or hinder the motion or action of; as, to
arrest the current of a river; to arrest the
senses.
Nor could her virtues the relentless hand
Of Death arrest.
Philips.
2. (Law) To take, seize, or apprehend by
authority of law; as, to arrest one for debt, or for
a crime.
of (\'bdI
arrest thee of high treason\'b8) or
on; the modern usage is for.
3. To seize on and fix; to hold; to catch; as,
to arrest the eyes or attention.
Buckminster.
4. To rest or fasten; to fix; to concentrate.
[Obs.]
We may arrest our thoughts upon the divine
mercies.
Jer. Taylor.
Syn. -- To obstruct; delay; detain; check; hinder; stop;
apprehend; seize; lay hold of.
Ar*rest", v. i. To tarry; to rest.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
Ar*rest", n. [OE. arest,
arrest, OF. arest, F. arr\'88t,
fr. arester. See Arrest, v. t.,
Arr/t.] 1. The act of stopping, or
restraining from further motion, etc.; stoppage; hindrance;
restraint; as, an arrest of development.
As the arrest of the air showeth.
Bacon.
2. (Law) The taking or apprehending of a
person by authority of law; legal restraint; custody. Also, a
decree, mandate, or warrant.
William . . . ordered him to be put under
arrest.
Macaulay.
[Our brother Norway] sends out arrests
On Fortinbras; which he, in brief, obeys.
Shak.
3. Any seizure by power, physical or moral.
The sad stories of fire from heaven, the burning of his sheep,
etc., . . . were sad arrests to his troubled
spirit.
Jer. Taylor.
4. (Far.) A scurfiness of the back part
of the hind leg of a horse; -- also named
rat-tails.
White.
Arrest of judgment (Law), the
staying or stopping of a judgment, after verdict, for legal
cause. The motion for this purpose is called a motion in
arrest of judgment.
Ar`res*ta"tion (#), n. [F.
arrestation, LL. arrestatio.]
Arrest. [R.]
The arrestation of the English resident in France
was decreed by the National Convention.
H. M. Williams.
Ar`res*tee" (#), n. [See
Arrest, v.] (Scots Law)
The person in whose hands is the property attached by
arrestment.
Ar*rest"er (#), n. 1.
One who arrests.
2. (Scots Law) The person at whose suit
an arrestment is made. [Also written
arrestor.]
<-- p. 84 -->
Ar*rest"ing (#), a. Striking;
attracting attention; impressive.
This most solemn and arresting occurrence.
J. H. Newman.
Ar*rest"ive (#), a. Tending to
arrest.
McCosh.
Ar*rest"ment, n. [OF.
arrestement.] 1. (Scots Law)
The arrest of a person, or the seizure of his effects; esp.,
a process by which money or movables in the possession of a third
party are attached.
2. A stoppage or check.
Darwin.
\'d8Ar*r\'88t (#), n. [F. See
Arrest, n.] (F. Law)
(a) A judgment, decision, or decree of a court or
high tribunal; also, a decree of a sovereign. (b)
An arrest; a legal seizure.
Ar*ret" (#), v. t. Same as
Aret. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Ar`rha*phos"tic (#), a. [Gr.
/; / priv. + / to sew together.] Seamless.
[R.]
{ Ar*rhi"zal (#), Ar*rhi"zous
(#), } a. [Gr. / not rooted; /
priv. + / a root.] (Bot.) Destitute of a
true root, as a parasitical plant.
{ Ar*rhyth"mic (#), Ar*rhyth"mous
(#), } a. [Gr. /; / priv. +
/ rhythm.] (Med.) Being without rhythm or
regularity, as the pulse.
Ar"rhyt*my (#), n. [Gr. /;
/ priv. + / rhythm.] Want of rhythm.
[R.]
Ar*ride" (#), v. t. [L.
arridere; ad + ridere to laugh.]
To please; to gratify. [Archaic]
B. Jonson.
Above all thy rarities, old Oxenford, what do most
arride and solace me are thy repositories of moldering
learning.
Lamb.
Ar*riere" (#), n. [F.
arri\'8are. See Arrear.] \'bdThat
which is behind\'b8; the rear; -- chiefly used as an adjective in
the sense of behind, rear,
subordinate.
Arriere fee, Arriere fief,
a fee or fief dependent on a superior fee, or a fee held of a
feudatory. -- Arriere vassal, the vassal of a
vassal.
Ar*riere"-ban` (#), n. [F., fr.
OE. arban, heriban, fr. OHG.
hariban, heriban, G. heerbann,
the calling together of an army; OHG. heri an army +
ban a public call or order. The French have
misunderstood their old word, and have changed it into
arri\'8are-ban, though
arri\'8are has no connection with its proper meaning.
See Ban, Abandon.] A proclamation,
as of the French kings, calling not only their immediate
feudatories, but the vassals of these feudatories, to take the
field for war; also, the body of vassals called or liable to be
called to arms, as in ancient France.
Ar"ris (#), n. [OF.
areste, F. ar\'88te, fr. L.
arista the top or beard of an ear of grain, the bone
of a fish.] (Arch.) The sharp edge or
salient angle formed by two surfaces meeting each other, whether
plane or curved; -- applied particularly to the edges in
moldings, and to the raised edges which separate the flutings in
a Doric column.
P. Cyc.
Arris fillet, a triangular piece of wood used
to raise the slates of a roof against a chimney or wall, to throw
off the rain. Gwilt. -- Arris gutter,
a gutter of a V form fixed to the eaves of a building.
Gwilt.
Ar"rish (#), n. [See
Eddish.] The stubble of wheat or grass; a
stubble field; eddish. [Eng.] [Written
also arish, ersh, etc.]
The moment we entered the stubble or arrish.
Blackw. Mag.
Ar"ris*wise` (#), adv.
Diagonally laid, as tiles; ridgewise.
Ar*riv"al (#), n. [From
Arrive.] 1. The act of arriving, or
coming; the act of reaching a place from a distance, whether by
water (as in its original sense) or by land.
Our watchmen from the towers, with longing eyes,
Expect his swift arrival.
Dryden.
2. The attainment or reaching of any object, by
effort, or in natural course; as, our arrival at
this conclusion was wholly unexpected.
3. The person or thing arriving or which has
arrived; as, news brought by the last
arrival.
Another arrival still more important was speedily
announced.
Macaulay.
4. An approach. [Obs.]
The house has a corner arrival.
H. Walpole.
Ar*riv"ance (#), n.
Arrival. [Obs.]
Shak.
Ar*rive" (#), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Arrived
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Arriving.] [OE. ariven to
arrive, land, OF. ariver, F. arriver, fr.
LL. arripare, adripare, to come to shore;
L. ad + ripa the shore or sloping bank of a river. Cf.
Riparian.] 1. To come to the shore
or bank. In present usage: To come in progress by water, or by
traveling on land; to reach by water or by land; -- followed by
at (formerly sometimes by to), also by
in and from. \'bdArrived
in Padua.\'b8
Shak.
[\'92neas] sailing with a fleet from Sicily,
arrived . . . and landed in the country of
Laurentum.
Holland.
There was no outbreak till the regiment arrived at
Ipswich.
Macaulay.
2. To reach a point by progressive motion; to gain
or compass an object by effort, practice, study, inquiry,
reasoning, or experiment.
To arrive at, or attain to.
When he arrived at manhood.
Rogers.
We arrive at knowledge of a law of nature by the
generalization of facts.
McCosh.
If at great things thou wouldst
arrive.
Milton.
3. To come; said of time; as, the time
arrived.
4. To happen or occur. [Archaic]
Happy! to whom this glorious death arrives.
Waller.
Ar*rive", v. t. 1. To bring to
shore. [Obs.]
And made the sea-trod ship arrive them.
Chapman.
2. To reach; to come to.
[Archaic]
Ere he arrive the happy isle.
Milton.
Ere we could arrive the point proposed.
Shak.
Arrive at last the blessed goal.
Tennyson.
Ar*rive", n. Arrival.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
How should I joy of thy arrive to hear!
Drayton.
Ar*riv"er (#), n. One who
arrives.
\'d8Ar*ro"ba (#), n. [Sp. and
Pg., from Ar. arrub, ar-rubu, a
fourth part.] 1. A Spanish weight used in
Mexico and South America = 25.36 lbs. avoir.; also, an old
Portuguese weight, used in Brazil = 32.38 lbs. avoir.
2. A Spanish liquid measure for wine = 3.54 imp.
gallons, and for oil = 2.78 imp. gallons.
Ar"ro*gance (#), n. [F., fr. L.
arrogantia, fr. arrogans. See
Arrogant.] The act or habit of arrogating, or
making undue claims in an overbearing manner; that species of
pride which consists in exorbitant claims of rank, dignity,
estimation, or power, or which exalts the worth or importance of
the person to an undue degree; proud contempt of others;
lordliness; haughtiness; self-assumption; presumption.
I hate not you for her proud arrogance.
Shak.
Syn. -- Haughtiness; hauteur; assumption; lordliness;
presumption; pride; disdain; insolence; conceit; conceitedness.
See Haughtiness.
Ar"ro*gan*cy (#), n.
Arrogance.
Shak.
Ar"ro*gant (#), a. [F.
arrogant, L. arrogans, p. pr. of
arrogare. See Arrogate.] 1.
Making, or having the disposition to make, exorbitant claims
of rank or estimation; giving one's self an undue degree of
importance; assuming; haughty; -- applied to persons.
Arrogant Winchester, that haughty prelate.
Shak.
2. Containing arrogance; marked with arrogance;
proceeding from undue claims or self-importance; -- applied to
things; as, arrogant pretensions or
behavior.
Syn. -- Magisterial; lordly; proud; assuming; overbearing;
presumptuous; haughty. See Magisterial.
Ar"ro*gant*ly, adv. In an arrogant
manner; with undue pride or self-importance.
Ar"ro*gant*ness, n. Arrogance.
[R.]
Ar"ro*gate (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Arrogated
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Arrogating
(#).] [L. arrogatus, p. p.
of adrogare, arrogare, to ask, appropriate
to one's self; ad + rogare to ask. See
Rogation.] To assume, or claim as one's own,
unduly, proudly, or presumptuously; to make undue claims to, from
vanity or baseless pretensions to right or merit; as, the
pope arrogated dominion over kings.
He arrogated to himself the right of deciding
dogmatically what was orthodox doctrine.
Macaulay.
Ar`ro*ga"tion (#), n. [L.
arrogatio, fr. arrogare. Cf.
Adrogation.] 1. The act of
arrogating, or making exorbitant claims; the act of taking more
than one is justly entitled to.
Hall.
2. (Civ. Law) Adoption of a person of
full age.
Ar"ro*ga*tive (#), a. Making
undue claims and pretension; prone to arrogance.
[R.]
Dr. H. More.
\'d8Ar`ron`disse`ment" (#), n.
[F., fr. arrondir to make round; ad +
rond round, L. rotundus.] A
subdivision of a department. [France]
departments, those into
arrondissements, those into cantons, and
the latter into communes.
Ar*rose" (#), v. t. [F.
arroser.] To drench; to besprinkle; to
moisten. [Obs.]
The blissful dew of heaven does arrose you.
Two N. Kins.
Ar*ro"sion (#), n. [L.
arrodere, arrosum, to gnaw: cf. F.
arrosion.] A gnawing.
[Obs.]
Bailey.
Ar"row (#), n. [OE.
arewe, AS. arewe, earh; akin to
Icel. \'94r, \'94rvar, Goth.
arhwazna, and perh. L. arcus bow. Cf.
Arc.] A missile weapon of offense, slender,
pointed, and usually feathered and barbed, to be shot from a
bow.
Broad arrow. (a) An arrow with a
broad head. (b) A mark placed upon British ordnance and
government stores, which bears a rude resemblance to a broad
arrowhead.
Ar"row grass` (#), n.
(Bot.) An herbaceous grasslike plant
(Triglochin palustre, and other species) with pods
opening so as to suggest barbed arrowheads.
Ar"row*head` (#), n. 1.
The head of an arrow.
2. (Bot.) An aquatic plant of the genus
Sagittaria, esp. S. sagittifolia, -- named
from the shape of the leaves.
Ar"row*head`ed, a. Shaped like the head
of an arow; cuneiform.
Arrowheaded characters, characters the
elements of which consist of strokes resembling arrowheads,
nailheads, or wedges; -- hence called also nail-headed,
wedge-formed, cuneiform, or
cuneatic characters; the oldest written characters used
in the country about the Tigris and Euphrates, and subsequently
in Persia, and abounding among the ruins of Persepolis, Nineveh,
and Babylon. See Cuneiform.
Ar"row*root` (#), n. 1.
(Bot.) A west Indian plant of the genus
Maranta, esp. M. arundinacea, now
cultivated in many hot countries. It said that the Indians used
the roots to neutralize the venom in wounds made by poisoned
arrows.
2. A nutritive starch obtained from the rootstocks
of Maranta arundinacea, and used as food, esp. for
children an invalids; also, a similar starch obtained from other
plants, as various species of Maranta and
Curcuma.
Ar"row*wood` (#), n. A shrub
(Viburnum dentatum) growing in damp woods and
thickets; -- so called from the long, straight, slender
shoots.
Ar"row*worm`, n. (Zo\'94l.) A
peculiar transparent worm of the genus Sagitta, living
at the surface of the sea. See Sagitta.
Ar"row*y (#), a. 1.
Consisting of arrows.
How quick they wheeled, and flying, behind them shot
Sharp sleet of arrowy showers.
Milton.
2. Formed or moving like, or in any respect
resembling, an arrow; swift; darting; piercing. \'bdHis
arrowy tongue.\'b8
Cowper.
By the blue rushing of the arrowy Rhone.
Byron.
With arrowy vitalities, vivacities, and
ingenuities.
Carlyle.
\'d8Ar*roy"o (#), n.; pl
Arroyos (#). [Sp., fr. LL.
arrogium; cf. Gr. / river, stream, fr. / to
flow.] 1. A water course; a rivulet.
2. The dry bed of a small stream.
[Western U. S.]
\'d8Ar"schin (#), n. See
Arshine.
Arse, n. [AS. ears;
\'91rs; akin to OHG. ars. G.
arsch, D. aars, Sw. ars, Dan.
arts, Gr. / (cf. / tail).] The
buttocks, or hind part of an animal; the posteriors; the
fundament; the bottom.
Ar"se*nal, n. [Sp. & F.
arsenal arsenal, dockyard, or It. arzanale,
arsenale (cf. It. & darsena dock); all fr.
Ar. d\'ber/in\'be'a house of industry or
fabrication; d\'ber house + /in\'be art,
industry.] A public establishment for the storage, or
for the manufacture and storage, of arms and all military
equipments, whether for land or naval service.
Ar"se*nate (#), n.
(Chem.) A salt of arsenic acid.
Ar*se"ni*ate, n. See
Arsenate. [R.]
Ar"se*nic (?; 277), n. [L.
arsenicum, Gr. /, /, yellow orpiment, perh. fr.
/ or better Attic / masculine, / male, on account of its
strength, or fr. Per. zern\'c6kh: cf. F.
arsenic.] 1. (Chem.)
One of the elements, a solid substance resembling a metal in
its physical properties, but in its chemical relations ranking
with the nonmetals. It is of a steel-gray color and brilliant
luster, though usually dull from tarnish. It is very brittle, and
sublimes at 356arsenticum
of the ancients. The element and its compounds are active
poisons. Specific gravity from 5.7 to 5.9. Atomic weight. Symbol
As.
2. (Com.) Arsenious oxide or arsenious
anhydride; -- called also arsenious acid,
white arsenic, and
ratsbane.
Ar*sen"ic, a. (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or derived from, arsenic; -- said of those
compounds of arsenic in which this element has its highest
equivalence; as, arsenic acid.
Ar*sen"ic*al, a. Of or pertaining to, or
containing, arsenic; as, arsenical vapor;
arsenical wall papers.
Arsenical silver, an ore of silver containing
arsenic.
Ar*sen"i*cate, v. t. [imp. &
p. p. Arsenicated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Arsenicating.] To combine with arsenic;
to treat or impregnate with arsenic.
Ar*sen"i*cism, n. (Med.) A
diseased condition produced by slow poisoning with arsenic.
Ar"sen*ide (#), n.
(Chem.) A compound of arsenic with a metal, or
positive element or radical; -- formerly called
arseniuret.
Ar`sen*if"er*ous (#), a.
[Arsenic + -ferous.]
Containing or producing arsenic.
Ar*se"ni*ous (#), a. [Cf. F.
ars\'82nieux.] 1. Pertaining to,
consisting of, or containing, arsenic; as, arsenious
powder or glass.
2. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived
from, arsenic, when having an equivalence next lower than the
highest; as, arsenious acid.
Ar"sen*ite (#), n. [Cf. F.
ars\'82nite.] (Chem.) A salt
formed by the union of arsenious acid with a base.
Ar`se*ni"u*ret (#), n.
(Chem.) See Arsenide.
Ar`se*ni"u*ret`ed, a. (Chem.)
Combined with arsenic; -- said some elementary substances or
radicals; as, arseniureted hydrogen.
[Also spelt arseniuretted.]
Ar`sen*o*pyr"ite (#), n.
[Arsenic + pyrite.]
(Min.) A mineral of a tin-white color and
metallic luster, containing arsenic, sulphur, and iron; -- also
called arsenical pyrites and
mispickel.
Arse"smart (#), n. Smartweed;
water pepper.
Dr. Prior.
\'d8Ar"shine (#), n. [Russ.
arshin, of Turkish-Tartar origin; Turk.
arshin, arsh\'d4n, ell, yard.] A
Russian measure of length = 2 ft. 4.246 inches.
Ar"sine (#), n. [From
Arsenic.] (Chem.) A compound of
arsenic and hydrogen, AsH3, a colorless and
exceedingly poisonous gas, having and odor like garlic;
arseniureted hydrogen.
\'d8Ar"sis (#), n. [L.
arsis, Gr. / a raising or lifting, an elevation of
the voice, fr. / to raise or apprehension; originally and
properly it denotes the lifting of the hand in beating
time, and hence the unaccented part of the rhythm.]
1. (Pros.) (a) That part of a
foot where the ictus is put, or which is distinguished
from the rest (known as the thesis) of the foot by a
greater stress of voice. Hermann. (b)
That elevation of voice now called metrical
accentuation, or the rhythmic accent.
arsis
originally consisted in a higher musical tone, greater volume, or
longer duration of sound, or in all combined.
2. (Mus.) The elevation of the hand, or
that part of the bar at which it is raised, in beating time; the
weak or unaccented part of the bar; -- opposed to
thesis.
Moore.
Ars`met"rike (#), n. [An
erroneous form of arithmetic, as if from L. ars
metrica the measuring art.] Arithmetic.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Ar"son (?; 277), n. [OF.
arson, arsun, fr. L. ardere,
arsum, to burn.] (Law) The
malicious burning of a dwelling house or outhouse of another man,
which by the common law is felony; the malicious and voluntary
firing of a building or ship.
Wharton.
Burrill.
Art (#). The second person singular,
indicative mode, present tense, of the substantive verb
Be; but formed after the analogy of the plural
are, with the ending -t, as in thou
shalt, wilt, orig. an ending of the second
person sing. pret. Cf. Be. Now used only in solemn or
poetical style.
<-- p. 85 -->
Art (#), n. [F. art,
L. ars, artis, orig., skill in joining or
fitting; prob. akin to E. arm, aristocrat,
article.] 1. The employment of
means to accomplish some desired end; the adaptation of things in
the natural world to the uses of life; the application of
knowledge or power to practical purposes.
Blest with each grace of nature and of art.
Pope.
2. A system of rules serving to facilitate the
performance of certain actions; a system of principles and rules
for attaining a desired end; method of doing well some special
work; -- often contradistinguished from science or
speculative principles; as, the art of building or
engraving; the art of war; the art of
navigation.
Science is systematized knowledge . . . Art is
knowledge made efficient by skill.
J. F. Genung.
3. The systematic application of knowledge or skill
in effecting a desired result. Also, an occupation or business
requiring such knowledge or skill.
The fishermen can't employ their art with so much
success in so troubled a sea.
Addison.
4. The application of skill to the production of
the beautiful by imitation or design, or an occupation in which
skill is so employed, as in painting and sculpture; one of the
fine arts; as, he prefers art to
literature.
5. pl. Those branches of learning
which are taught in the academical course of colleges; as,
master of arts.
In fearless youth we tempt the heights of arts.
Pope.
Four years spent in the arts (as they are called in
colleges) is, perhaps, laying too laborious a foundation.
Goldsmith.
6. Learning; study; applied knowledge, science, or
letters. [Archaic]
So vast is art, so narrow human wit.
Pope.
7. Skill, dexterity, or the power of performing
certain actions, asquired by experience, study, or observation;
knack; a, a man has the art of managing his business
to advantage.
8. Skillful plan; device.
They employed every art to soothe . . . the
discontented warriors.
Macaulay.
9. Cunning; artifice; craft.
Madam, I swear I use no art at all.
Shak.
Animals practice art when opposed to their
superiors in strength.
Crabb.
10 To black art; magic. [Obs.]
Shak.
Art and part (Scots Law), share or
concern by aiding and abetting a criminal in the perpetration of
a crime, whether by advice or by assistance in the execution;
complicity.
arts are divided into various
classes. The useful, mechanical, or industrial arts
are those in which the hands and body are concerned than the
mind; as in making clothes and utensils. These are called
trades. The fine arts are those which have
primarily to do with imagination taste, and are applied to the
production of what is beautiful. They include poetry, music,
painting, engraving, sculpture, and architecture; but the term is
often confined to painting, sculpture, and architecture. The
liberal arts (artes liberales, the higher arts,
which, among the Romans, only freemen were permitted to pursue)
were, in the Middle Ages, these seven branches of learning, --
grammar, logic, rhetoric, arithmetic, geometry, music, and
astronomy. In modern times the liberal arts include
the sciences, philosophy, history, etc., which compose the course
of academical or collegiate education. Hence, degrees in the
arts; master and bachelor of arts.
In America, literature and the elegant arts must
grow up side by side with the coarser plants of daily
necessity.
Irving.
Syn. -- Science; literature; aptitude; readiness; skill;
dexterity; adroitness; contrivance; profession; business; trade;
calling; cunning; artifice; duplicity. See
Science.
\'d8Ar*te"mi*a (#), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. /, a Greek goddess.] (Zo\'94l.) A
genus of phyllopod Crustacea found in salt lakes and brines; the
brine shrimp. See Brine shrimp.
Ar`te*mi"si*a (#), n. [L.
Artemisia, Gr. /.] (Bot.) A
genus of plants including the plants called mugwort,
southernwood, and wormwood. Of these A. absinthium, or
common wormwood, is well known, and A. tridentata is
the sage brush of the Rocky Mountain region.
Ar*te"ri*ac (#), a. [L.
arteriacus, Gr. /. See Artery.]
Of or pertaining to the windpipe.
Ar*te"ri*al (#), a. [Cf. F.
art\'82riel.] 1. Of or pertaining
to an artery, or the arteries; as, arterial action;
the arterial system.
2. Of or pertaining to a main channel (resembling
an artery), as a river, canal, or railroad.
Arterial blood, blood which has been changed
and vitalized (arterialized) during passage through the
lungs.
Ar*te`ri*al*i*za"tion (#), n.
(Physiol.) The process of converting venous blood
into arterial blood during its passage through the lungs, oxygen
being absorbed and carbonic acid evolved; -- called also
a\'89ration and
hematosis.
Ar*te"ri*al*ize (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Arterialized;
p. pr. & vb. n. Arterializing.]
To transform, as the venous blood, into arterial blood by
exposure to oxygen in the lungs; to make arterial.
Ar*te`ri*og"ra*phy, n. [Gr. / +
-graphy.] A systematic description of the
arteries.
Ar*te"ri*ole (#), n. [NL.
arteriola, dim. of L. arteria: cf. F.
art\'82riole.] A small artery.
Ar*te`ri*ol"o*gy (#), n. [Gr.
/ + -logy.] That part of anatomy which
treats of arteries.
Ar*te`ri*ot"o*my (#), n. [L.
arteriotomia, Gr. /; / + / a cutting.]
1. (Med.) The opening of an artery, esp.
for bloodletting.
2. That part of anatomy which treats of the
dissection of the arteries.
\'d8Ar`te*ri"tis (#), n.
[Artery + -etis.]
Inflammation of an artery or arteries.
Dunglison.
Ar"ter*y (#), n.; pl.
Artplwies (#). [L.
arteria windpipe, artery, Gr. /.] 1.
The trachea or windpipe. [Obs.] \'bdUnder
the artery, or windpipe, is the mouth of the
stomach.\'b8
Holland.
2. (Anat.) One of the vessels or tubes
which carry either venous or arterial blood from the heart. They
have tricker and more muscular walls than veins, and are
connected with them by capillaries.
Aorta. The pulmonary
artery conveys the venous blood from the right ventricle to
the lungs, whence the arterialized blood is returned through the
pulmonary veins.
3. Hence: Any continuous or ramified channel of
communication; as, arteries of trade or
commerce.
Ar*te"sian (#), a. [F.
art\'82sien, fr. Artois in France, where
many such wells have been made since the middle of the last
century.] Of or pertaining to Artois (anciently called
Artesium), in France.
Artesian wells, wells made by boring into the
earth till the instrument reaches water, which, from internal
pressure, flows spontaneously like a fountain. They are usually
of small diameter and often of great depth.
Art"ful (#), a. [From
Art.] 1. Performed with, or
characterized by, art or skill. [Archaic]
\'bdArtful strains.\'b8 \'bdArtful
terms.\'b8
Milton.
2. Artificial; imitative.
Addison.
3. Using or exhibiting much art, skill, or
contrivance; dexterous; skillful.
He [was] too artful a writer to set down events in
exact historical order.
Dryden.
4. Cunning; disposed to cunning indirectness of
dealing; crafty; as, an artful boy. [The usual
sense.]
Artful in speech, in action, and in mind.
Pope.
The artful revenge of various animals.
Darwin.
Syn. -- Cunning; skillful; adroit; dexterous; crafty;
tricky; deceitful; designing. See Cunning.
Art"ful*ly, adv. In an artful manner;
with art or cunning; skillfully; dexterously; craftily.
Art"ful*ness, n. The quality of being
artful; art; cunning; craft.
Ar"then (#), a. Same as
Earthen. [Obs.] \'bdAn arthen
pot.\'b8
Holland.
{ Ar*thrit"ic (#), Ar*thrit"ic*al
(#), } a. [L.
arthriticus, Gr. /. See Arthritis.]
1. Pertaining to the joints.
[Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
2. Of or pertaining to arthritis; gouty.
Cowper.
\'d8Ar*thri"tis (#), n. [L.,
fr. Gr. / (as if fem. of / belonging to the joints, sc. /
disease) gout, fr. / a joint.] (Med.) Any
inflammation of the joints, particularly the gout.
Ar"thro*derm (#), n. [Gr. /
joint + 'derm.] (Zo\'94l.) The
external covering of an Arthropod.
\'d8Ar*thro"di*a (#), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. /, fr. / well articulated; / a joint + /
shape.] (Anat.) A form of diarthrodial
articulation in which the articular surfaces are nearly flat, so
that they form only an imperfect ball and socket.
{ Ar*thro"di*al (#), Ar*throd"ic
(#), } a. Of or pertaining to
arthrodia.
\'d8Ar`thro*dyn"i*a (#), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. / joint + // pain.]
(Med.) An affection characterized by pain in or
about a joint, not dependent upon structural disease.
Ar`thro*dyn"ic, a. Pertaining to
arthrodynia, or pain in the joints; rheumatic.
\'d8Ar`thro*gas"tra (#), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / joint + / stomach.]
(Zo\'94l.) A division of the Arachnida, having
the abdomen annulated, including the scorpions, harvestmen, etc.;
pedipalpi.
Ar*throg"ra*phy (#), n. [Gr.
/ joint + -graphy.] The description of
joints.
Ar*throl"o*gy, n. [Gr. / joint +
-logy.] That part of anatomy which treats
of joints.
Ar"thro*mere (#), n. [Gr. /
joint + -mere.] (Zo\'94l.) One
of the body segments of Arthropods. See
Arthrostraca.
Packard.
\'d8Ar`thro*pleu"ra (#), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. / joint + / the side.]
(Zo\'94l.) The side or limb-bearing portion of an
arthromere.
Ar"thro*pod (#), n
(Zo\'94l.) One of the Arthropoda.
\'d8Ar*throp"o*da (#), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / joint + -poda.]
(Zo\'94l.) A large division of Articulata,
embracing all those that have jointed legs. It includes Insects,
Arachnida, Pychnogonida, and Crustacea. --
Ar*throp"o*dal (#),
a.
\'d8Ar`thro*pom"a*ta (#), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / joint + / lid.]
(Zo\'94l.) One of the orders of Branchiopoda. See
Branchiopoda.
\'d8Ar*thro"sis (#), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. /, fr. / joint.] (Anat.)
Articulation.
\'d8Ar*thros"tra*ca, n. pl. [NL., fr.
Gr. / joint + / a shell.] (Zo\'94l.)
One of the larger divisions of Crustacea, so called because
the thorax and abdomen are both segmented; Tetradecapoda. It
includes the Amphipoda and Isopoda.
Ar`thro*zo"ic (#), a. [Gr. /
joint + / animal, fr. / an animal.]
(Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Articulata;
articulate.
Ar"ti*ad (#), a. [Gr. / even,
fr. / exactly.] (Chem.) Even; not odd; --
said of elementary substances and of radicals the valence of
which is divisible by two without a remainder.
Ar"ti*choke (#), n. [It.
articioc/o, perh. corrupted fr. the same word as
carciofo; cf. older spellings archiciocco,
archicioffo, carciocco, and Sp.
alcachofa, Pg. alcachofra; prob. fr. Ar.
al-harshaf,
al-kharsh/f.] (Bot.)
1. The Cynara scolymus, a plant somewhat
resembling a thistle, with a dilated, imbricated, and prickly
involucre. The head (to which the name is also applied) is
composed of numerous oval scales, inclosing the florets, sitting
on a broad receptacle, which, with the fleshy base of the scales,
is much esteemed as an article of food.
2. See Jerusalem artichoke.
Ar"ti*cle (#), n. [F., fr. L.
articulus, dim. of artus joint, akin to Gr.
/, fr. a root ar to join, fit. See Art,
n.] 1. A distinct portion of an
instrument, discourse, literary work, or any other writing,
consisting of two or more particulars, or treating of various
topics; as, an article in the Constitution.
Hence: A clause in a contract, system of regulations, treaty, or
the like; a term, condition, or stipulation in a contract; a
concise statement; as, articles of
agreement.
2. A literary composition, forming an independent
portion of a magazine, newspaper, or cyclopedia.
3. Subject; matter; concern; distinct.
[Obs.]
A very great revolution that happened in this
article of good breeding.
Addison.
This last article will hardly be believed.
De Foe.
4. A distinct part. \'bdUpon each
article of human duty.\'b8 Paley. \'bdEach
article of time.\'b8 Habington.
The articles which compose the blood.
E. Darwin.
5. A particular one of various things; as, an
article of merchandise; salt is a necessary
article.
They would fight not for articles of faith, but for
articles of food.
Landor.
6. Precise point of time; moment. [Obs.
or Archaic]
This fatal news coming to Hick's Hall upon the
article of my Lord Russell's trial, was said to have
had no little influence on the jury and all the bench to his
prejudice.
Evelyn.
7. (Gram.) One of the three words,
a, an, the, used before nouns to
limit or define their application. A (or
an) is called the indefinite article, the
the definite article.
8. (Zo\'94l.) One of the segments of an
articulated appendage.
Articles of Confederation, the compact which
was first made by the original thirteen States of the United
States. They were adopted March 1, 1781, and remained the supreme
law until March, 1789. -- Articles of
impeachment, an instrument which, in cases of
impeachment, performs the same office which an indictment does in
a common criminal case. -- Articles of war,
rules and regulations, fixed by law, for the better
government of the army. -- In the article of
death [L. in articulo mortis], at
the moment of death; in the dying struggle. -- Lords of
the articles (Scot. Hist.), a standing
committee of the Scottish Parliament to whom was intrusted the
drafting and preparation of the acts, or bills for laws. --
The Thirty-nine Articles, statements (thirty-nine
in number) of the tenets held by the Church of England.
Ar"ti*cle, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Articled (#); p. pr. & vb.
n. Articling (#).] [Cf.
F. articuler, fr. L. articulare. See
Article, n., Articulate.]
1. To formulate in articles; to set forth in
distinct particulars.
If all his errors and follies were articled against
him, the man would seem vicious and miserable.
Jer. Taylor.
2. To accuse or charge by an exhibition of
articles.
He shall be articled against in the high court of
admiralty.
Stat. 33 Geo. III.
3. To bind by articles of covenant or stipulation;
as, to article an apprentice to a
mechanic.
Ar"ti*cle, v. i. To agree by articles;
to stipulate; to bargain; to covenant. [R.]
Then he articled with her that he should go away
when he pleased.
Selden.
Ar"ti*cled (#), a. Bound by
articles; apprenticed; as, an articled
clerk.
Ar*tic"u*lar (#), a. [L.
articularis: cf. F. articulaire. See
Article, n.] Of or pertaining to
the joints; as, an articular disease; an
articular process.
{ Ar*tic"u*lar (#),
Ar*tic"u*la*ry (#), } n.
(Anat.) A bone in the base of the lower jaw of
many birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fishes.
<-- p. 86 -->
Ar*tic"u*lar*ly, adv. In an articular or
an articulate manner.
\'d8Ar*tic`u*la"ta (#), n. pl.
[Neut. pl. from L. articulatus furnished with
joints, distinct, p. p. of articulare. See
Article, v.] (Zo\'94l.)
1. One of the four subkingdoms in the
classification of Cuvier. It has been much modified by later
writers.
2. One of the subdivisions of the Brachiopoda,
including those that have the shells united by a hinge.
3. A subdivision of the Crinoidea.
Ar*tic"u*late (#), a. [L.
articulatus. See Articulata.]
1. Expressed in articles or in separate items or
particulars. [Archaic]
Bacon.
2. Jointed; formed with joints; consisting of
segments united by joints; as, articulate animals or
plants.
3. Distinctly uttered; spoken so as to be
intelligible; characterized by division into words and syllables;
as, articulate speech, sounds, words.
Total changes of party and articulate opinion.
Carlyle.
Ar*tic"u*late, n. (Zo\'94l.)
An animal of the subkingdom Articulata.
Ar*tic"u*late (#), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Articulated
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Articulating
(#)]. 1. To utter articulate
sounds; to utter the elementary sounds of a language; to
enunciate; to speak distinctly.
2. To treat or make terms.
[Obs.]
Shak.
3. To join or be connected by articulation.
Ar*tic"u*late, v. t. 1. To
joint; to unite by means of a joint; to put together with joints
or at the joints.
2. To draw up or write in separate articles; to
particularize; to specify. [Obs.]
3. To form, as the elementary sounds; to utter in
distinct syllables or words; to enunciate; as, to
articulate letters or language. \'bdTo
articulate a word.\'b8
Ray.
4. To express distinctly; to give utterance
to.
Luther articulated himself upon a process that hand
already begun in the Christian church.
Bibliotheca Sacra.
To . . . articulate the dumb, deep want of the
people.
Carlyle.
Ar*tic"u*la`ted (#), a. 1.
United by, or provided with, articulations; jointed; as,
an articulated skeleton.
2. Produced, as a letter, syllable, or word, by the
organs of speech; pronounced.
Ar*tic"u*late*ly (#), adv.
1. After the manner, or in the form, of a
joint.
2. Article by article; in distinct particulars; in
detail; definitely.
Paley.
I had articulately set down in writing our
points.
Fuller.
3. With distinct utterance of the separate
sounds.
Ar*tic"u*late*ness, n. Quality of being
articulate.
Ar*tic`u*la"tion (#), n. [Cf.
F. articulation, fr. L. articulatio.]
1. (Anat.) A joint or juncture between
bones in the skeleton.
2. (Bot.) (a) The connection of
the parts of a plant by joints, as in pods. (b)
One of the nodes or joints, as in cane and maize.
(c) One of the parts intercepted between the
joints; also, a subdivision into parts at regular or irregular
intervals as a result of serial intermission in growth, as in the
cane, grasses, etc.
Lindley.
3. The act of putting together with a joint or
joints; any meeting of parts in a joint.
4. The state of being jointed; connection of
parts. [R.]
That definiteness and articulation of imagery.
Coleridge.
5. The utterance of the elementary sounds of a
language by the appropriate movements of the organs, as in
pronunciation; as, a distinct
articulation.
6. A sound made by the vocal organs; an articulate
utterance or an elementary sound, esp. a consonant.
Ar*tic"u*la*tive (#), a. Of or
pertaining to articulation.
Bush.
Ar*tic"u*la`tor (#), n. One
who, or that which, articulates; as: (a) One who
enunciates distinctly. (b) One who prepares and mounts
skeletons. (c) An instrument to cure stammering.
\'d8Ar*tic"u*lus (#) n.; pl.
Articuli (#). [L. See
Article.] (Zo\'94l.) A joint of
the cirri of the Crinoidea; a joint or segment of an arthropod
appendage.
Ar"ti*fice (#), n. [L.
artificium, fr. artifex artificer;
ars, artis, art + facere to
make: cf. F. artifice.] 1. A
handicraft; a trade; art of making. [Obs.]
2. Workmanship; a skillfully contrived work.
The material universe.. in the artifice of God, the
artifice of the best Mechanist.
Cudworth.
3. Artful or skillful contrivance.
His [Congreve's] plots were constructed without much
artifice.
Craik.
4. Crafty device; an artful, ingenious, or
elaborate trick. [Now the usual meaning.]
Those who were conscious of guilt employed numerous
artifices for the purpose of averting inquiry.
Macaulay.
Ar*tif"i*cer (#), n. [Cf. F.
artificier, fr. LL. artificiarius.]
1. An artistic worker; a mechanic or manufacturer;
one whose occupation requires skill or knowledge of a particular
kind, as a silversmith.
2. One who makes or contrives; a deviser, inventor,
or framer. \'bdArtificer of fraud.\'b8
Milton.
The great Artificer of all that moves.
Cowper.
3. A cunning or artful fellow.
[Obs.]
B. Jonson.
4. (Mil.) A military mechanic, as a
blacksmith, carpenter, etc.; also, one who prepares the shells,
fuses, grenades, etc., in a military laboratory.
Syn. -- Artisan; artist. See Artisan.
Ar`ti*fi"cial (#), a. [L.
artificialis, fr. artificium: cf. F.
artificiel. See Artifice.] 1.
Made or contrived by art; produced or modified by human
skill and labor, in opposition to natural; as,
artificial heat or light, gems, salts, minerals,
fountains, flowers.
Artificial strife
Lives in these touches, livelier than life.
Shak.
2. Feigned; fictitious; assumed; affected; not
genuine. \'bdArtificial tears.\'b8
Shak.
3. Artful; cunning; crafty.
[Obs.]
Shak.
4. Cultivated; not indigenous; not of spontaneous
growth; as, artificial grasses.
Gibbon.
Artificial arguments (Rhet.),
arguments invented by the speaker, in distinction from laws,
authorities, and the like, which are called
inartificial arguments or proofs.
Johnson. -- Artificial classification
(Science), an arrangement based on superficial
characters, and not expressing the true natural relations
species; as, \'bdthe artificial system\'b8 in botany,
which is the same as the Linn\'91an system. --
Artificial horizon. See under
Horizon. Artificial light, any light
other than that which proceeds from the heavenly bodies. --
Artificial lines, lines on a sector or scale, so
contrived as to represent the logarithmic sines and tangents,
which, by the help of the line of numbers, solve, with tolerable
exactness, questions in trigonometry, navigation, etc. --
Artificial numbers, logarithms. --
Artificial person (Law). See under
Person. -- Artificial sines,
tangents, etc., the same as logarithms of
the natural, tangents, etc. Hutton.
Ar`ti*fi`ci*al"i*ty (#), n. The
quality or appearance of being artificial; that which is
artificial.
Ar`ti*fi"cial*ize (#), v. t. To
render artificial.
Ar`ti*fi"cial*ly, adv. 1. In an
artificial manner; by art, or skill and contrivance, not by
nature.
2. Ingeniously; skillfully.
[Obs.]
The spider's web, finely and artificially
wrought.
Tillotson.
3. Craftily; artfully. [Obs.]
Sharp dissembled so artificially.
Bp. Burnet.
Ar`ti*fi"cial*ness, n. The quality of
being artificial.
Ar`ti*fi"cious (#), a. [L.
artificiosus.] Artificial.
[Obs.]
Johnson.
Art"i*lize (#), v. t. To make
resemble. [Obs.]
If I was a philosopher, says Montaigne, I would naturalize art
instead of artilizing nature.
Bolingbroke.
Ar*til"ler*ist (#), n. A person
skilled in artillery or gunnery; a gunner; an artilleryman.
Ar*til"ler*y (#), n. [OE.
artilrie, OF. artillerie,
arteillerie, fr. LL. artillaria,
artilleria, machines and apparatus of all kinds used
in war, vans laden with arms of any kind which follow camps; F.
artillerie great guns, ordnance; OF.
artillier to work artifice, to fortify, to arm, prob.
from L. ars, artis, skill in joining
something, art. See Art.] 1.
Munitions of war; implements for warfare, as slings, bows,
and arrows. [Obs.]
And Jonathan gave his artillery unto his lad.
1 Sam. xx. 40.
2. Cannon; great guns; ordnance, including guns,
mortars, howitzers, etc., with their equipment of carriages,
balls, bombs, and shot of all kinds.
3. The men and officers of that branch of the army
to which the care and management of artillery are confided.
4. The science of artillery or gunnery.
Campbell.
Artillery park, or Park of
artillery. (a) A collective body of
siege or field artillery, including the guns, and the carriages,
ammunition, appurtenances, equipments, and persons necessary for
working them. (b) The place where the artillery is
encamped or collected. -- Artillery train,
or Train of artillery, a number of pieces
of ordnance mounted on carriages, with all their furniture, ready
for marching.
Ar*til"ler*y*man (#), n. A man
who manages, or assists in managing, a large gun in firing.
\'d8Ar`ti*o*dac"ty*la (#), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / even + / finger or toe.]
(Zo\'94l.) One of the divisions of the ungulate
animals. The functional toes of the hind foot are even in number,
and the third digit of each foot (corresponding to the middle
finger in man) is asymmetrical and paired with the fourth digit,
as in the hog, the sheep, and the ox; -- opposed to
Perissodactyla.
Ar`ti*o*dac"tyle (#), n.
(Zo\'94l.) One of the Artiodactyla.
Ar`ti*o*dac"ty*lous (#), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Even-toed.
Ar"ti*san (?; 277), n. [F.
artisan, fr. L. artitus skilled in arts,
fr. ars, artis, art: cf. It.
artigiano. See Art, n.]
1. One who professes and practices some liberal
art; an artist. [Obs.]
2. One trained to manual dexterity in some mechanic
art or trade; and handicraftsman; a mechanic.
This is willingly submitted to by the artisan, who
can . . . compensate his additional toil and fatigue.
Hume.
Syn. -- Artificer; artist. --
Artisan, Artist, Artificer. An
artist is one who is skilled in some one of the fine
arts; an artisan is one who exercises any mechanical
employment. A portrait painter is an artist; a sign
painter is an artisan, although he may have the taste
and skill of an artist. The occupation of the former requires a
fine taste and delicate manipulation; that of the latter demands
only an ordinary degree of contrivance and imitative power. An
artificer is one who requires power of contrivance and
adaptation in the exercise of his profession. The word suggest
neither the idea of mechanical conformity to rule which attaches
to the term artisan, nor the ideas of refinement and
of peculiar skill which belong to the term
artist.
Art"ist (#), n. [F.
artiste, LL. artista, fr. L.
ars. See Art, n., and cf.
Artiste.] 1. One who practices some
mechanic art or craft; an artisan. [Obs.]
How to build ships, and dreadful ordnance cast,
Instruct the articles and reward their.
Waller.
2. One who professes and practices an art in which
science and taste preside over the manual execution.
Elmes.
3. One who shows trained skill or rare taste in any
manual art or occupation.
Pope.
4. An artful person; a schemer.
[Obs.]
Syn. -- Artisan. See Artisan.
\'d8Ar*tiste" (#), n. [F. See
Artist.] One peculiarly dexterous and
tasteful in almost any employment, as an opera dancer, a
hairdresser, a cook.
artist.
{ Ar*tis"tic, Ar*tis"tic*al (#),
} a. [Cf. F. artistique, fr.
artiste.] Of or pertaining to art or to
artists; made in the manner of an artist; conformable to art;
characterized by art; showing taste or skill. --
Ar*tis"tic*al*ly, adv.
Art"ist*ry (#), n. 1.
Works of art collectively.
2. Artistic effect or quality.
Southey.
3. Artistic pursuits; artistic ability.
The Academy.
Art"less (#), a. 1.
Wanting art, knowledge, or skill; ignorant;
unskillful.
Artless of stars and of the moving sand.
Dryden.
2. Contrived without skill or art;
inartistic. [R.]
Artless and massy pillars.
T. Warton.
3. Free from guile, art, craft, or stratagem;
characterized by simplicity and sincerity; sincere; guileless;
ingenuous; honest; as, an artless mind; an
artless tale.
They were plain, artless men, without the least
appearance of enthusiasm or credulity about them.
Porteus.
O, how unlike the complex works of man,
Heaven's easy, artless, unencumbered plan!
Cowper.
Syn. -- Simple; unaffected; sincere; undesigning; guileless;
unsophisticated; open; frank; candid.
Art"less*ly, adv. In an artless manner;
without art, skill, or guile; unaffectedly.
Pope.
Art"less*ness, n. The quality of being
artless, or void of art or guile; simplicity; sincerity.
Art"ly, adv. With art or skill.
[Obs.]
{ Ar`to*car"pe*ous (#),
Ar`to*car"pous (#), } a.
[Gr. / bread + / fruit.] (Bot.) Of
or pertaining to the breadfruit, or to the genus
Artocarpus.
Ar"to*type (#), n.
[Art + type.] A kind of
autotype.
Ar`to*ty"rite (#), n. [LL.
Artotyritae, pl., fr. Gr. / bread + /
cheese.] (Eccl. Hist.) One of a sect in the
primitive church, who celebrated the Lord's Supper with bread and
cheese, alleging that the first oblations of men not only of the
fruit of the earth, but of their flocks. [Gen. iv. 3,
4.]
Ar"tow (#). A contraction of art
thou. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Arts"man (#), n. A man skilled
in an art or in arts. [Obs.]
Bacon.
Art` un"ion (#). An association for
promoting art (esp. the arts of design), and giving encouragement
to artists.
\'d8A"rum, n. [L. arum,
aros, Gr. /.] A genus of plants found in
central Europe and about the Mediterranean, having flowers on a
spadix inclosed in a spathe. The cuckoopint of the English is an
example.
Our common arums the lords and ladies of village
children.
Lubbock.
Ar`un*del"ian (#), a.
Pertaining to an Earl of Arundel; as, Arundel or
Arundelian marbles, marbles from ancient Greece, bought
by the Earl of Arundel in 1624.
Ar`un*dif"er*ous, a. [L.
arundifer; arundo reed + ferre
to bear.] Producing reeds or canes.
A*run`di*na"ceous (#), a. [L.
arundinaceus, fr. arundo reed.]
Of or pertaining to a reed; resembling the reed or
cane.
Ar`un*din"e*ous (#), a. [L.
arundineus, fr. arundo reed.]
Abounding with reeds; reedy.
\'d8A*rus"pex (#), n.; pl.
Aruspices (#). [L.
aruspex or haruspex.] One of the
class of diviners among the Etruscans and Romans, who foretold
events by the inspection of the entrails of victims offered on
the altars of the gods.
A*rus"pice (#), n. [L.
aruspex: cf. F. aruspice. Cf.
Aruspex, Haruspice.] A soothsayer of
ancient Rome. Same as Aruspex. [Written
also haruspice.]
A*rus"pi*cy (#), n. [L.
aruspicium, haruspicium.]
Prognostication by inspection of the entrails of victims
slain sacrifice.
Ar"val (#), n. [W.
arwyl funeral; ar over + wylo to
weep, or cf. arf\'94l; Icel. arfr
inheritance + Sw. \'94l ale. Cf.
Bridal.] A funeral feast. [North
of Eng.]
Grose.
Ar"vi*cole (#), n. [L.
arvum field + colere to inhabit.]
(Zo\'94l.) A mouse of the genus
Arvicola; the meadow mouse. There are many
species.
Ar"yan (#), n. [Skr.
\'berya excellent, honorable; akin to the name of the
country Iran, and perh. to Erin,
Ireland, and the early name of this people, at least
in Asia.] 1. One of a primitive people
supposed to have lived in prehistoric times, in Central Asia,
east of the Caspian Sea, and north of the Hindoo //// and
Paropamisan Mountains, and to have been the stock from which
sprang the Hindoo, Persian, Greek, Latin, Celtic, Teutonic,
Slavonic, and other races; one of that ethnological division of
mankind called also Indo-European or Indo-Germanic.
<-- p. 87 -->
2. The language of the original Aryans.
[Written also Arian.]
Ar"yan (#), a. Of or pertaining
to the people called Aryans; Indo-European; Indo-Germanic;
as, the Aryan stock, the Aryan
languages.
Ar"yan*ize, v. t. To make Aryan (a
language, or in language).
K. Johnston.
A*ryt"e*noid (#), a. [Gr. /
shaped like a ladle; / a ladle + / form.]
(Anat.) Ladle-shaped; -- applied to two small
cartilages of the larynx, and also to the glands, muscles, etc.,
connected with them. The cartilages are attached to the cricoid
cartilage and connected with the vocal cords.
As (#), adv. & conj. [OE.
as, als, alse, also,
al swa, AS. eal sw\'be, lit. all so; hence,
quite so, quite as: cf. G. als as, than,
also so, then. See Also.] 1.
Denoting equality or likeness in kind, degree, or manner;
like; similar to; in the same manner with or in which; in
accordance with; in proportion to; to the extent or degree in
which or to which; equally; no less than; as, ye shall be
as gods, knowing good and evil; you will reap
as you sow; do as you are bidden.
His spiritual attendants adjured him, as he loved
his soul, to emancipate his brethren.
Macaulay.
As is often preceded by one of the
antecedent or correlative words such, same,
so, or as, in expressing an equality or
comparison; as, give us such things as you
please, and so long as you please, or
as long as you please; he is not
so brave as Cato; she is as
amiable as she is handsome; come as quickly
as possible. \'bdBees appear fortunately to prefer the
same colors as we do.\'b8 Lubbock.
As, in a preceding part of a sentence, has
such or so to answer correlatively to it;
as with the people, so with the
priest.
2. In the idea, character, or condition of, --
limiting the view to certain attributes or relations; as,
virtue considered as virtue; this actor will appear
as Hamlet.
The beggar is greater as a man, than is the man
merely as a king.
Dewey.
3. While; during or at the same time that; when;
as, he trembled as he spoke.
As I return I will fetch off these justices.
Shak.
4. Because; since; it being the case that.
As the population of Scotland had been generally
trained to arms . . . they were not indifferently prepared.
Sir W. Scott.
[See Synonym under Because.]
5. Expressing concession. (Often approaching
though in meaning).
We wish, however, to avail ourselves of the interest,
transient as it may be, which this work has
excited.
Macaulay.
6. That, introducing or expressing a result or
consequence, after the correlatives so and
such. [Obs.]
I can place thee in such abject state, as help
shall never find thee.
Rowe.
So as, so that. [Obs.]
The relations are so uncertain as they
require a great deal of examination.
Bacon.
7. As if; as though. [Obs. or
Poetic]
He lies, as he his bliss did know.
Waller.
8. For instance; by way of example; thus; -- used
to introduce illustrative phrases, sentences, or citations.
9. Than. [Obs. & R.]
The king was not more forward to bestow favors on them
as they free to deal affronts to others their
superiors.
Fuller.
10. Expressing a wish. [Obs.]
\'bdAs have,\'b8 i. e., may he have.
Chaucer.
As . . . as. See So . . .
as, under So. -- As far as,
to the extent or degree. \'bdAs far as can be
ascertained.\'b8 Macaulay. -- As far forth
as, as far as. [Obs.]
Chaucer. -- As for, As
to, in regard to; with respect to. --
As good as, not less than; not falling short
of. -- As good as one's word, faithful to a
promise. -- As if, or As
though, of the same kind, or in the same
condition or manner, that it would be if. -- As it
were (as if it were), a qualifying phrase used to
apologize for or to relieve some expression which might be
regarded as inappropriate or incongruous; in a manner. --
As now, just now. [Obs.]
Chaucer. -- As swythe, as quickly as
possible. [Obs.] Chaucer. -- As
well, also; too; besides. Addison. --
As well as, equally with, no less than.
\'bdI have understanding as well as you.\'b8 Job
xii. 3. -- As yet, until now; up to or at the
present time; still; now.
As (#), n. [See
Ace.] An ace. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Ambes-as, double aces.
\'d8As (#), n.; pl.
Asses (#). [L. as. See
Ace.] 1. A Roman weight, answering
to the libra or pound, equal to nearly eleven ounces Troy weight.
It was divided into twelve ounces.
2. A Roman copper coin, originally of a pound
weight (12 oz.); but reduced, after the first Punic war, to two
ounces; in the second Punic war, to one ounce; and afterwards to
half an ounce.
\'d8As"a (#), n. [NL.
asa, of oriental origin; cf. Per. az\'be
mastic, Ar. as\'be healing, is\'be
remedy.] An ancient name of a gum.
{ As`a*fet"i*da, As`a*f\'d2t"i*da }
(#), n. [Asa + L.
foetidus fetid.] The fetid gum resin or
inspissated juice of a large umbelliferous plant (Ferula
asaf\'d2tida) of Persia and the East India. It is used in
medicine as an antispasmodic. [Written also
assaf\'d2tida.]
\'d8As"a*phus (#), n. [NL., fr.
Gr. / indistinct, uncertain.] (Paleon.) A
genus of trilobites found in the Lower Silurian formation. See
Illust. in Append.
\'d8As`a*ra*bac"ca (#), n. [L.
asarum + bacca a berry. See Asarone.]
(Bot.) An acrid herbaceous plant (Asarum
Europ\'91um), the leaves and roots of which are emetic and
cathartic. It is principally used in cephalic snuffs.
As"a*rone (#), n. [L.
asarum hazelwort, wild spikenard, Gr. /]
(Chem.) A crystallized substance, resembling
camphor, obtained from the Asarum Europ\'91um; --
called also camphor of asarum.
As*bes"tic (#), a. Of,
pertaining to, or resembling asbestus; inconsumable;
asbestine.
As*bes"ti*form (#), a. [L.
asbestus + -form.] Having the
form or structure of asbestus.
As*bes"tine (#), a. Of or
pertaining to asbestus, or partaking of its nature;
incombustible; asbestic.
As*bes"tous (#), a.
Asbestic.
{ As*bes"tus (#), As*bes"tos
(?; 277), } n. [L.
asbestos (NL. asbestus) a kind of mineral
unaffected by fire, Gr. / (prop. an adj.) inextinguishable; /
priv. + / to extinguish.] (Min.) A
variety of amphibole or of pyroxene, occurring in long and
delicate fibers, or in fibrous masses or seams, usually of a
white, gray, or green-gray color. The name is also given to a
similar variety of serpentine.
amianthus.
Dana.
As"bo*lin (#), n. [Gr. /
soot.] (Chem.) A peculiar acrid and bitter
oil, obtained from wood soot.
As"ca*rid (#), n.; pl.
Ascarides (#) or Ascarids.
[NL. ascaris, fr. Gr. /.]
(Zo\'94l.) A parasitic nematoid worm, espec. the
roundworm, Ascaris lumbricoides, often occurring in
the human intestine and allied species found in domestic animals;
also commonly applied to the pinworm (Oxyuris), often