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P.
P (?), the sixteenth letter of the English
alphabet, is a nonvocal consonant whose form and value come from
the Latin, into which language the letter was brought, through
the ancient Greek, from the Ph\'d2nician, its probable origin
being Egyptain. Etymologically P is most closely related to
b, f, and v; as hobble,
hopple; father, paternal;
recipient, receive. See B,
F, and M.
See Guide to Pronunciation, Pa (?), n. A shortened form of
Papa.
Pa"age (?), n. [OF.
paage, paiage, F. p\'82age, fr.
(assumed) LL. pedaticum, fr. L. pes,
pedis, foot. See Pedage,
Pedal.] (O. Eng. Law) A toll for
passage over another person's grounds. [Written also
peage and pedage.]
Burke.
\'d8Paard (?), n. [D., a
horse.] The zebra. [S. Africa]
Paas (?), n. Pace
[Obs.]
Chaucer
Paas (?), n. [D.
paash. See Pasch.] The Easter
festival. [Local, U. S.]
Bartlett.
Paas egg. See Easter egg, under
Easter.
Pab"u*lar (?), a. [L.
pabularis.] Of, pertaining to, or fit for,
pabulum or food; affording food.
Pab`u*la"tion (?), n. [L.
pabulatio, fr. pabulari to feed, fr.
pabulum food. See Pabulum.]
1. The act of feeding, or providing food.
[Obs.]
Cockeram.
2. Food; fodder; pabulum. [Obs.]
Pab"u*lous (?), a. [L.
pabulosus.] Affording pabulum, or food;
alimental. [R.]
Sir T. Browne.
Pab"u*lum (?), n. [L., akin to
pascere to pasture. See Pastor.]
The means of nutriment to animals or plants; food;
nourishment; hence, that which feeds or sustains, as fuel for a
fire; that upon which the mind or soul is nourished; as,
intellectual pabulum.
Pac (?), n. A kind of moccasin,
having the edges of the sole turned up and sewed to the
upper.
Knight.
Pa"ca (?), n. [Pg., from the
native name.] (Zo\'94l.) A small South
American rodent (C\'d2logenys paca), having blackish
brown fur, with four parallel rows of white spots along its
sides; the spotted cavy. It is nearly allied to the agouti and
the Guinea pig.
Pa"ca*ble (?), a. [L.
pacare to pacify.] Placable.
[R.]
Coleridge.
Pa*cane" (?), n. (Bot.)
A species of hickory. See Pecan.
Pa"cate (?), a. [L.
pacatus, p. p. of pacare to pacify, fr.
pax, pacis, peace. See Pay to
requite, Peace.] Appeased; pacified;
tranquil. [R.]
Pa"ca*ted (?), a. Pacified;
pacate.
Pa*ca"tion (?), n. [L.
pacatio.] The act of pacifying; a
peacemaking.
Coleridge.
Pace (?), n. [OE.
pas, F. pas, from L. passus a
step, pace, orig., a stretching out of the feet in walking; cf.
pandere, passum, to spread, stretch; perh.
akin to E. patent. Cf. Pas,
Pass.] 1. A single movement from one
foot to the other in walking; a step.
2. The length of a step in walking or marching,
reckoned from the heel of one foot to the heel of the other; --
used as a unit in measuring distances; as, he advanced fifty
paces. \'bdThe heigh of sixty pace
.\'b8
Chaucer.
pace is estimated at two
and one half linear feet; but in measuring distances be stepping,
the pace is extended to three feet (one yard) or to
three and three tenths feet (one fifth of a rod). The regulation
marching pace in the English and United States armies
is thirty inches for quick time, and thirty-six inches for double
time. The Roman pace (passus) was from the
heel of one foot to the heel of the same foot when it next
touched the ground, five Roman feet.
3. Manner of stepping or moving; gait; walk;
as, the walk, trot, canter, gallop, and amble are
paces of the horse; a swaggering pace; a quick
pace.
Chaucer.
To-morrow, and to-morrow, and to-morrow,
Creeps in this petty pace from day to day.
Shak.
In the military schools of riding a variety of paces
are taught.
Walsh.
4. A slow gait; a footpace.
[Obs.]
Chucer.
5. Specifically, a kind of fast amble; a
rack.
6. Any single movement, step, or procedure.
[R.]
The first pace necessary for his majesty to make is
to fall into confidence with Spain.
Sir W. Temple.
7. (Arch.) A broad step or platform; any
part of a floor slightly raised above the rest, as around an
altar, or at the upper end of a hall.
8. (Weaving) A device in a loom, to
maintain tension on the warp in pacing the web.
Geometrical pace, the space from heel to heel
between the spot where one foot is set down and that where the
same foot is again set down, loosely estimated at five feet, or
by some at four feet and two fifths. See Roman pace
in the Note under def. 2. [Obs.] --
To keep, hold, pace
with, to keep up with; to go as fast as.
\'bdIn intellect and attainments he kept pace with his
age.\'b8
Southey.
Pace (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Paced (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Pacing
(?).] 1. To go; to walk;
specifically, to move with regular or measured steps. \'bdI
paced on slowly.\'b8 Pope. \'bdWith speed so
pace.\'b8 Shak.
2. To proceed; to pass on.
[Obs.]
Or [ere] that I further in this tale pace.
Chaucer.
3. To move quickly by lifting the legs on the same
side together, as a horse; to amble with rapidity; to rack.
4. To pass away; to die. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Pace, v. t. 1. To walk over
with measured tread; to move slowly over or upon; as, the
guard paces his round. \'bdPacing
light the velvet plain.\'b8
T. Warton.
2. To measure by steps or paces; as, to
pace a piece of ground.
3. To develop, guide, or control the pace or paces
of; to teach the pace; to break in.
If you can, pace your wisdom
In that good path that I would wish it go.
Shak
To pace the web (Weaving), to wind
up the cloth on the beam, periodically, as it is woven, in a
loom.
Paced (?), a. Having, or
trained in, [such] a pace or gait; trained; -- used in
composition; as, slow-paced; a
thorough-paced villain.
Pa"cer (?), n. One who, or that
which, paces; especially, a horse that paces.
Pa*cha" (?), n. [F.]
See Pasha.
\'d8Pa`cha*ca*mac" (?), n. A
divinity worshiped by the ancient Peruvians as the creator of the
universe.
\'d8Pa*chak" (?), n.
(Bot.) The fragrant roots of the Saussurea
Costus, exported from India to China, and used for burning
as incense. It is supposed to be the costus of the
ancients. [Written also
putchuck.]
Pa*cha"lic (?), a. & n. See
Pashalic.
\'d8Pa*chi"si (?), Par*che"si
(/), n. [Hind., fr.
pachis twenty-five, the highest throw in the
game.] A game, somewhat resembling backgammon,
originating in India.
Pa*chom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. /
thickness + -meter.] (Physics)
An instrument for measuring thickness, as of the glass of a
mirror, or of paper; a pachymeter.
\'d8Pa*chon"ta (?), n.
(Bot.) A substance resembling gutta-percha, and
used to adulterate it, obtained from the East Indian tree
Isonandra acuminata.
Pach"y- (?). [Gr. / thick.] A
combining form meaning thick; as,
pachyderm, pachydactyl.
Pach`y*car"pous (?), a.
[Pachy- + Gr. / fruit.] (Bot.)
Having the pericarp thick.
Pach`y*dac"tyl (?), n.
[Pachy- + dactyl.]
(Zo\'94l.) A bird or other animal having thick
toes.
Pach`y*dac"tyl*ous (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Having thick toes.
Pach"y*derm (?), n. [Cf. F.
pachyderme.] (Zo\'94l.) One of
the Pachydermata.
Pach`y*der"mal (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Of or relating to the pachyderms;
as, pachydermal dentition.
\'d8Pach`y*der"ma*ta (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / thick-skinned; / thick + /
skin.] (Zo\'94l.) A group of hoofed mammals
distinguished for the thickness of their skins, including the
elephant, hippopotamus, rhinoceros, tapir, horse, and hog. It is
now considered an artificial group.
Pach`y*der"ma*tous (?), a.
1. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the
pachyderms.
2. Thick-skinned; not sensitive to ridicule.
Pach`y*der"moid (?), a.
[Pachyderm + -oid.]
(Zo\'94l.) Related to the pachyderms.
Pach`y*glos"sal (?), a.
[Pachy- + Gr. / tongue.]
(Zo\'94l.) Having a thick tongue; -- applied to a
group of lizards (Pachygloss\'91), including the
iguanas and agamas.
Pach`y*men`in*gi"tis (?), n.
[Pachy- + meningitis.]
(Med.) Inflammation of the dura mater or outer
membrane of the brain.
Pa*chym"e*ter (?), n.
[Pachy- + -meter.] Same as
Pachometer.
Pach"y*ote (?), n.
[Pachy- + Gr. /, /, ear.]
(Zo\'94l.) One of a family of bats, including
those which have thick external ears.
Pac"i*fi`a*ble (?), a. Capable
of being pacified or appeased; placable.
Pa*cif"ic (?), a. [L.
pacificus: cf. F. pacifique. See
Pacify.] Of or pertaining to peace; suited to
make or restore peace; of a peaceful character; not warlike; not
quarrelsome; conciliatory; as, pacific words or
acts; a pacific nature or condition.
Pacific Ocean, the ocean between America and
Asia, so called by Magellan, its first European navigator, on
account of the exemption from violent tempests which he enjoyed
while sailing over it; -- called also, simply, the
Pacific, and, formerly, the South
sea.
Syn. -- Peacemaking; appeasing; conciliatory; tranquil;
calm; quiet; peaceful; reconciling; mild; gentle.
Pa*cif"ic*a*ble (?), a.
Placable. [R.]
Bp. Hall.
Pa*cif"ic*al (?), a. Of or
pertaining to peace; pacific. [R.] Sir H.
Wotton. -- Pa*cif"ic*al*ly,
adv. [R.]
Pa*cif`i*ca"tion (?), n. [L.
pacificatio: cf. F. pacification. See
Pacify.] The act or process of pacifying, or
of making peace between parties at variance;
reconciliation. \'bdAn embassy of
pacification.\'b8
Bacon.
Pa*cif"i*ca`tor (?), n.
[L.] One who, or that which, pacifies; a
peacemaker.
Bacon.
Pa*cif"i*ca*to*ry (?), a. [L.
pacificatorius.] Tending to make peace;
conciliatory.
Barrow.
Pac"fi`er (?), n. One who
pacifies.
Pac"i*fy (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Pacified
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pacifying
(?).] [F. pacifier, L.
pacificare; pax, pacis, peace +
-ficare (in comp.) to make. See Peace, and
-fy.] To make to be at peace; to appease; to
calm; to still; to quiet; to allay the agitation, excitement, or
resentment of; to tranquillize; as, to pacify a man
when angry; to pacify pride, appetite, or
importunity. \'bdPray ye, pacify
yourself.\'b8
Shak.
To pacify and settle those countries.
Bacon.
Pa*cin"i*an (?), a.
(Anat.) Of, pertaining to, or discovered by,
Filippo Pacini, an Italian physician of the 19th
century.
Pacinian corpuscles, small oval bodies
terminating some of the minute branches of the sensory nerves in
the integument and other parts of the body. They are supposed to
be tactile organs.
Pack (?), n. [Cf.
Pact.] A pact. [Obs.]
Daniel.
Pack, n. [Akin to D. pak, G.
pack, Dan. pakke, Sw. packa,
Icel. pakki, Gael. & Ir. pac, Arm.
pak. Cf. Packet.]
1. A bundle made up and prepared to be carried;
especially, a bundle to be carried on the back; a load for an
animal; a bale, as of goods.
Piers Plowman.
2. [Cf. Peck, n.] A
number or quantity equal to the contents of a pack; hence, a
multitude; a burden. \'bdA pack of sorrows.\'b8
\'bdA pack of blessings.\'b8
Shak.
pack of meal is
meant 280 lbs.; of wool, 240 lbs.\'b8
McElrath.
3. A number or quantity of connected or similar
things; as: (a) A full set of playing cards;
also, the assortment used in a particular game; as, a euchre
pack. (b) A number of hounds or
dogs, hunting or kept together. (c) A number
of persons associated or leagued in a bad design or practice; a
gang; as, a pack of thieves or knaves.
(d) A shook of cask staves. (e)
A bundle of sheet-iron plates for rolling
simultaneously.
4. A large area of floating pieces of ice driven
together more or less closely.
Kane.
5. An envelope, or wrapping, of sheets used in
hydropathic practice, called dry pack, wet
pack, cold pack, etc., according to the method
of treatment.
6. [Prob. the same word; but cf. AS.
p/can to deceive.] A loose, lewd, or
worthless person. See Baggage. [Obs.]
Skelton.
Pack animal, an animal, as a horse, mule,
etc., employed in carrying packs. -- Pack cloth,
a coarse cloth, often duck, used in covering packs or
bales. -- Pack horse. See Pack
animal (above). -- Pack ice. See def.
4, above. -- Pack moth (Zo\'94l.),
a small moth (Anacampsis sarcitella) which, in the
larval state, is very destructive to wool and woolen
fabrics. -- Pack needle, a needle for sewing
with pack thread. Piers Plowman. -- Pack
saddle, a saddle made for supporting the load on a pack
animal. Shak. -- Pack staff, a staff for
supporting a pack; a peddler's staff. -- Pack
thread, strong thread or small twine used for tying
packs or parcels. -- Pack train
(Mil.), a troop of pack animals.
<-- p. 1029 -->
Pack (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Packed (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Packing.]
[Akin to D. pakken, G. packen, Dan.
pakke, Sw. packa, Icel. pakka.
See Pack, n.] 1. To make
a pack of; to arrange closely and securely in a pack; hence, to
place and arrange compactly as in a pack; to press into close
order or narrow compass; as to pack goods in a box; to
pack fish.
Strange materials packed up with wonderful art.
Addison.
Where . . . the bones
Of all my buried ancestors are packed.
Shak.
2. To fill in the manner of a pack, that is,
compactly and securely, as for transportation; hence, to fill
closely or to repletion; to stow away within; to cause to be
full; to crowd into; as, to pack a trunk; the play,
or the audience, packs the theater.
3. To sort and arrange (the cards) in a pack so as
to secure the game unfairly.
And mighty dukes pack cards for half a crown.
Pope.
4. Hence: To bring together or make up unfairly and
fraudulently, in order to secure a certain result; as, to
pack a jury or a causes.
The expected council was dwindling into . . . a
packed assembly of Italian bishops.
Atterbury.
5. To contrive unfairly or fraudulently; to
plot. [Obs.]
He lost life . . . upon a nice point subtilely devised and
packed by his enemies.
Fuller.
6. To load with a pack; hence, to load; to
encumber; as, to pack a horse.
Our thighs packed with wax, our mouths with
honey.
Shack.
7. To cause to go; to send away with baggage or
belongings; esp., to send away peremptorily or suddenly; --
sometimes with off; as, to pack a boy off
to school.
He . . . must not die
Till George be packed with post horse up to
heaven.
Shak.
8. To transport in a pack, or in the manner of a
pack (i. e., on the backs of men or beasts).
[Western U.S.]
9. (Hydropathy) To envelop in a wet or
dry sheet, within numerous coverings. See Pack,
n., 5.
10. (Mech.) To render impervious, as by
filling or surrounding with suitable material, or to fit or
adjust so as to move without giving passage to air, water, or
steam; as, to pack a joint; to pack the
piston of a steam engine.
Pack, v. i. 1. To make up
packs, bales, or bundles; to stow articles securely for
transportation.
2. To admit of stowage, or of making up for
transportation or storage; to become compressed or to settle
together, so as to form a compact mass; as, the goods
pack conveniently; wet snow packs
well.
3. To gather in flocks or schools; as, the
grouse or the perch begin to pack.
[Eng.]
4. To depart in haste; -- generally with
off or away.
Poor Stella must pack off to town
Swift.
You shall pack,
And never more darken my doors again.
Tennyson.
5. To unite in bad measures; to confederate for ill
purposes; to join in collusion. [Obs.] \'bdGo
pack with him.\'b8
Shak.
To send packing, to drive away; to send off
roughly or in disgrace; to dismiss unceremoniously. \'bdThe
parliament . . . presently sent him
packing.
South.
Pack"age (?), n. 1.
Act or process of packing.
2. A bundle made up for transportation; a packet; a
bale; a parcel; as, a package of goods.
3. A charge made for packing goods.
4. A duty formerly charged in the port of London on
goods imported or exported by aliens, or by denizens who were the
sons of aliens.
Pack"er (?), n. A person whose
business is to pack things; especially, one who packs food for
preservation; as, a pork packer.
Pack"et (?), n. [F.
paquet, dim. fr. LL. paccus, from the same
source as E. pack. See Pack.]
1. A small pack or package; a little bundle or
parcel; as, a packet of letters.
Shak.
2. Originally, a vessel employed by government to
convey dispatches or mails; hence, a vessel employed in conveying
dispatches, mails, passengers, and goods, and having fixed days
of sailing; a mail boat.
Packet boat, ship, vessel. See Packet, n.,
2. -- Packet day, the day for mailing letters
to go by packet; or the sailing day. -- Packet
note post. See under
Paper.
Pack"et, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Packeted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Packeting.] 1. To make up into
a packet or bundle.
2. To send in a packet or dispatch vessel.
Her husband
Was packeted to France.
Ford.
Pack"et, v. i. To ply with a packet or
dispatch boat.
Pack"fong` (?), n. [Chin.
peh tung.] (Metal.) A Chinese
alloy of nickel, zinc, and copper, resembling German
silver.
Pack herse. See under 2d Pack.
Pack"house` (?), n. Warehouse
for storing goods.
Pack"ing, n. 1. The act or
process of one who packs.
2. Any material used to pack, fill up, or make
close. Specifically (Mach.): A substance or
piece used to make a joint impervious; as: (a)
A thin layer, or sheet, of yielding or elastic material
inserted between the surfaces of a flange joint.
(b) The substance in a stuffing box, through which
a piston rod slides. (c) A yielding ring, as
of metal, which surrounds a piston and maintains a tight fit, as
inside a cylinder, etc.
3. (Masonry) Same as
Filling. [Rare in the U. S.]
4. A trick; collusion. [Obs.]
Bale.
Cherd packing (Bridge Building),
the arrangement, side by side, of several parts, as bars,
diagonals, a post, etc., on a pin at the bottom of a chord.
Waddell. -- Packing box, a stuffing
box. See under Stuffing. -- Packing
press, a powerful press for baling cotton, wool, hay,
etc. -- Packing ring. See Packing, 2
(c), and Illust. of Piston. --
Packing sheet. (a) A large cloth for
packing goods. (b) A sheet prepared for packing
hydropathic patients.
Pack"man (?), n.; pl.
Packmen (/). One who bears a
pack; a peddler.
{ Pack saddle, Pack thread }.
See under 2d Pack.
Pack"wax` (?), n. (Anat.)
Same as Paxwax.
Pack"way` (?), n. A path, as
over mountains, followed by pack animals.
{ Pa"co (?), Pa"cos (?),
} n. [Sp. paco, fr. Peruv.
paco. Cf. Alpaca.]
1. (Zo\'94l.) Same as
Alpaca.
2. [Peruv. paco, pacu, red,
reddish, reddish ore containing silver; perh. a different
word.] (Min.) An earthy-looking ore,
consisting of brown oxide of iron with minute particles of native
silver.
Ure.
Pact (?), n. [L.
pactum, fr. paciscere to make a bargain or
contract, fr. pacere to settle, or agree upon; cf.
pangere to fasten, Gr. /, Skr. p\'beca
bond, and E. fang: cf. F. pacie. Cf.
Peace, Fadge, v.] An
agreement; a league; a compact; a covenant.
Bacon.
The engagement and pact of society whish goes by
the name of the constitution.
Burke.
Pac"tion (?), n. [L.
pactio: cf. F. paction. See
Pact.] An agreement; a compact; a
bargain. [R.]
Sir W. Scott.
Pac"tion*al (?), a. Of the
nature of, or by means of, a paction.
Bp. Sanderson.
Pac*ti"tious (?), a. [L.
pactitius, pacticius.] Setted by
a pact, or agreement. [R.]
Johnson.
Pac*to"li*an (?), a. Pertaining
to the Pactolus, a river in ancient Lydia famous for its golden
sands.
Pa"cu (?), n. (Zo\'94l.)
A South American freah-water fish (Myleies pacu),
of the family Characinid\'91. It is highly esteemed as
food.
Pad (?), n. [D. pad.
Path.] 1. A footpath;
a road. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
2. An easy-paced horse; a padnag.
Addison
An abbot on an ambling pad.
Tennyson.
3. A robber that infests the road on foot; a
highwayman; -- usually called a footpad.
Gay. Byron.
4. The act of robbing on the highway.
[Obs.]
Pad, v. t. To travel upon foot; to
tread. [Obs.]
Padding the streets for half a crown.
Somerville.
Pad, v. i. 1. To travel heavily
or slowly.
Bunyan.
2. To rob on foot. [Obs.]
Cotton Mather.
3. To wear a path by walking. [Prov.
Eng.]
Pad, n. [Perh. akin to
pod.] 1. A soft, or small,
cushion; a mass of anything soft; stuffing.
2. A kind of cushion for writing upon, or for
blotting; esp., one formed of many flat sheets of writing paper,
or layers of blotting paper; a block of paper.
3. A cushion used as a saddle without a tree or
frame.
4. A stuffed guard or protection; esp., one worn on
the legs of horses to prevent bruising.
5. (Zo\'94l.) A cushionlike thickening
of the skin one the under side of the toes of animals.
6. A floating leaf of a water lily or similar
plant.
7. (Med.) A soft bag or cushion to
relieve pressure, support a part, etc.
8. (Naut.) A piece of timber fixed on a
beam to fit the curve of the deck.
W. C. Russel.
9. A measure for fish; as, sixty mackerel go to
a pad; a basket of soles. [Eng.]
Simmonds.
Pad cloth, a saddlecloth; a housing. --
Pad saddle. See def. 3, above. -- Pad
tree (Harness Making), a piece of wood or
metal which gives rigidity and shape to a harness pad.
Knight.
Pad, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Padded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Padding.] 1. To stuff; to
furnish with a pad or padding.
2. (Calico Printing) To imbue uniformly
with a mordant; as, to pad cloth.
Ure.
Pad"ar (?), n. [Etymol.
uncertain.] Groats; coarse flour or meal.
[Obs.]
Sir. H. Wotton.
Pad"der (?), n. 1. One
who, or that which, pads.
2. A highwayman; a footpad.
[Obs.]
Pad"ding, n. 1. The act or
process of making a pad or of inserting stuffing.
2. The material with which anything is
padded.
3. Material of inferior value, serving to extend a
book, essay, etc.
London Sat. Rev.
4. (Calico Printing) The uniform
impregnation of cloth with a mordant.
Pad"dle (?), v. i. [Prob. for
pattle, and a dim. of pat, v.; cf. also E.
pad to tread, Prov. G. paddeln,
padden, to walk with short steps, to paddle, G.
patschen to splash, dash, dabble, F.
patouiller to dabble, splash, fr. patte a
paw. /.] 1. To use the hands or fingers in
toying; to make caressing strokes. [Obs.]
Shak.
2. To dabble in water with hands or feet; to use a
paddle, or something which serves as a paddle, in swimming, in
paddling a boat, etc.
As the men were paddling for their lives.
L'Estrange.
While paddling ducks the standing lake desire.
Gay.
Pad"dle, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Paddled (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Paddling (?)] 1.
To pat or stroke amorously, or gently.
To be paddling palms and pinching fingers.
Shak.
2. To propel with, or as with, a paddle or
paddles.
3. To pad; to tread upon; to trample.
[Prov. Eng.]
Pad"dle, n. [See Paddle,
v. i.] 1. An implement with a
broad blade, which is used without a fixed fulcrum in propelling
and steering canoes and boats.
2. The broad part of a paddle, with which the
stroke is made; hence, any short, broad blade, resembling that of
a paddle.
Thou shalt have a paddle upon thy weapon.
Deut. xxiii. 13.
3. One of the broad boards, or floats, at the
circumference of a water wheel, or paddle wheel.
4. A small gate in sluices or lock gates to admit
or let off water; -- also called clough.
5. (Zo\'94l.) A paddle-shaped foot, as
of the sea turtle.
6. A paddle-shaped implement for string or
mixing.
7. [In this sense prob. for older
spaddle, a dim. of spade.]
See Paddle staff (b), below. [Prov.
Eng.]
Paddle beam (Shipbuilding), one of
two large timbers supporting the spring beam and paddle box of a
steam vessel. -- Paddle board. See
Paddle, n., 3. -- Paddle box,
the structure inclosing the upper part of the paddle wheel of
a steam vessel. -- Paddle shaft, the
revolving shaft which carries the paddle wheel of a steam
vessel. -- Paddle staff. (a) A staff
tipped with a broad blade, used by mole catchers.
[Prov. Eng.] (b) A long-handled spade
used to clean a plowshare; -- called also plow
staff. [Prov. Eng.] -- Paddle
steamer, a steam vessel propelled by paddle wheels, in
distinction from a screw propeller. -- Paddle
wheel, the propelling wheel of a steam vessel, having
paddles (or floats) on its circumference, and revolving in a
vertical plane parallel to the vessel's length.
Pad"dle*cock` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The lumpfish. [Prov.
Eng.]
Pad"dle*fish` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l) A large ganoid fish (Polyodon
spathula) found in the rivers of the Mississippi Valley. It
has a long spatula-shaped snout. Called also duck-billed
cat, and spoonbill sturgeon.
Pad"der (?), n. One who, or
that which, paddles.
Pad"dle*wood` (?), n.
(Bot.) The light elastic wood of the
Aspidosperma excelsum, a tree of Guiana having a
fluted trunk readily split into planks.
Pad"dock (?), n. [OE.
padde toad, frog + -ock; akin to D.
pad, padde, toad, Icel. & Sw.
padda, Dan. padde.]
(Zo\'94l.) A toad or frog. Wyclif.
\'bdLoathed paddocks.\'b8 Spenser
Paddock pipe (Bot.), a
hollow-stemmed plant of the genus Equisetum,
especially E. limosum and the fruiting stems of
E. arvense; -- called also padow
pipe and toad pipe. See
Equisetum. -- Paddock stone. See
Toadstone. -- Paddock stool
(Bot.),a toadstool.
Pad"dock, n. [Corrupted fr.
parrock. See Parrock.]
1. A small inclosure or park for sporting.
[Obs.]
2. A small inclosure for pasture; esp., one
adjoining a stable.
Evelyn. Cowper.
Pad"dy (?), a. [Prov. E.
paddy worm-eaten.] Low; mean; boorish;
vagabond. \'bdSuch pady persons.\'b8 Digges
(1585). \'bdThe paddy persons.\'b8
Motley.
Pad"dy, n.; pl. Paddies
(#). [Corrupted fr. St. Patrick,
the tutelar saint of Ireland.] A jocose or
contemptuous name for an Irishman.
Pad"dy, n. [Either fr. Canarese
bhatta or Malay p\'bed\'c6.]
(Bot.) Unhusked rice; -- commonly so called in
the East Indies.
Paddy bird. (Zo\'94l.) See
Java sparrow, under Java.
Pad`e*li"on (?), n. [F.
pas de lionon's foot.] (Bot.) A
plant with pedately lobed leaves; the lady's mantle.
\'d8Pa*del"la (?), n. [It.,
prop., a pan, a friing pan, fr. L. patella a
pan.] A large cup or deep saucer, containing fatty
matter in which a wick is placed, -- used for public
illuminations, as at St. Peter's, in Rome. Called also
padelle.
Pad`e*mel"on (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) See Wallaby.
Pad"e*soy` (?), n. See
Paduasoy.
Padge, n. (Zo\'94l.) The barn
owl; -- called also pudge, and pudge
owl. [Prov. Eng.]
\'d8Pa`di*shah" (?), n. [Per.
p\'bedish\'beh. Cf. Pasha.] Chief
ruler; monarch; sovereign; -- a title of the Sultan of Turkey,
and of the Shah of Persia.
Pad"lock` (?), n. [Perh. orig.,
a lock for a pad gate, or a gate opening to a
path, or perh., a lock for a basket or pannier, and
from Prov. E. pad a pannier. Cf. Pad a path,
Paddler.] 1. A portable lock with a
bow which is usually jointed or pivoted at one end so that it can
be opened, the other end being fastened by the bolt, -- used for
fastening by passing the bow through a staple over a hasp or
through the links of a chain, etc.
2. Fig.: A curb; a restraint.
Pad"lock`, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Padlocked (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Padlocking.] To fasten with,
or as with, a padlock; to stop; to shut; to confine as by a
padlock.
Milton. Tennyson.
Pad"nag` (?), n. [lst pad
+ nag.] An ambling nag. \'bdAn easy
padnag.\'b8
Macaulay.
Pad"ow (?), n. (Zo\'94l.)
A paddock, or toad.
Padow pipe. (Bot.) See
Paddock pipe, under Paddock.
\'d8Pa*dro"ne (?), n.; pl. It.
Padroni (#), E. Padrones.
[It. See Patron.] 1. A patron;
a protector.
2. The master of a small coaster in the
Mediterranean.
3. A man who imports, and controls the earnings of,
Italian laborers, street musicians, etc.
Pad`u*a*soy" (?), n. [From
Padua, in Italy + F. soie silk; or cf. F.
pou-de-soie.] A rich and heavy silk
stuff. [Written also padesoy.]
Pa*du"cahs (?), n. pl.; sing.
Paducah (/).
(Ethnol.) See Comanches.
P\'91"an (?), n. [L.
paean, Gr. /, fr. / the physician of the gods,
later, Apollo. Cf. P\'91on, Peony.]
[Written also pean.] 1.
An ancient Greek hymn in honor of Apollo as a healing deity,
and, later, a song addressed to other deities.
2. Any loud and joyous song; a song of
triumph. Dryden. \'bdPublic p\'91ans of
congratulation.\'b8
De Quincey.
3. See P\'91on.
P\'91`do*bap"tism (?), n.
Pedobaptism.
<-- p. 1030 -->
P\'91`do*gen"esis (?), n. [Gr.
/, /, child + E.
genesis.] (Zo\'94l.)
Reproduction by young or larval animals.
P\'91`do*ge*net"ic (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Producing young while in the immature
or larval state; -- said of certain insects, etc.
P\'91"on (?), n. [L.
paeon, Gr. / a solemn song, also, a
p\'91on, equiv. to /. See P\'91an.] (Anc.
Poet.) A foot of four syllables, one long and three
short, admitting of four combinations, according to the place of
the long syllable. [Written also, less correctly,
p\'91an.]
P\'91"o*nine (?), n.
(Chem.) An artifical red nitrogenous dyestuff,
called also red coralline.
P\'91"o*ny (?), n. (Bot.)
See Peony.
Pa"gan (?), n. [L.
paganus a countryman, peasant, villager, a pagan, fr.
paganus of or pertaining to the country, rustic, also,
pagan, fr. pagus a district, canton, the country,
perh. orig., a district with fixed boundaries: cf.
pangere to fasten. Cf. Painim,
Peasant, and Pact, also
Heathen.] One who worships false goods; an
idolater; a heathen; one who is neither a Christian, a
Mohammedan, nor a Jew.
Neither having the accent of Christians, nor the gait of
Christian, pagan, nor man.
Shak.
Syn. -- Gentile; heathen; idolater. --
Pagan, Gentile, Heathen.
Gentile was applied to the other nations of the earth
as distinguished from the Jews. Pagan was the name
given to idolaters in the early Christian church, because the
villagers, being most remote from the centers of
instruction, remained for a long time unconverted.
Heathen has the same origin. Pagan is now
more properly applied to rude and uncivilized idolaters, while
heathen embraces all who practice idolatry.
Pa"gan, a. [L. paganus of or
pertaining to the country, pagan. See Pagan,
n.] Of or pertaining to pagans; relating to
the worship or the worshipers of false goods; heathen;
idolatrous, as, pagan tribes or
superstitions.
And all the rites of pagan honor paid.
Dryden.
Pa"gan*dom (?), n. The pagan
lands; pagans, collectively; paganism. [R.]
{ Pa*gan"ic (?), Pa*gan"ic*al
(?), } a. Of or pertaining to
pagans or paganism; heathenish; paganish. [R.]
\'bdThe paganic fables of the goods.\'b8
Cudworth. -- Pa*gan"ic*al*ly,
adv. [R.]
Pa"gan*ish (?), a. Of or
pertaining to pagans; heathenish. \'bdThe old
paganish idolatry.\'b8
Sharp
Pa"gan*ism (?), n. [L.
paganismus: cf. F. paganisme. See
Pagan, and cf. Painim.] The state of
being pagan; pagan characteristics; esp., the worship of idols or
false gods, or the system of religious opinions and worship
maintained by pagans; heathenism.
Pa*gan"i*ty (?), n. [L.
Paganitas.] The state of being a pagan;
paganism. [R.]
Cudworth.
Pa"gan*ize (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Paganized
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Paganizing
(?).] To render pagan or heathenish; to
convert to paganism.
Hallywell.
Pa"gan*ize, v. i. To behave like
pagans.
Milton.
Pa"gan*ly, adv. In a pagan manner.
Dr. H. More.
Page (?), n. [F., fr. It.
paggio, LL. pagius, fr. Gr. /, dim. of
/, /, a boy, servant; perh. akin to L. puer. Cf.
Pedagogue, Puerile.] 1. A
serving boy; formerly, a youth attending a person of high degree,
especially at courts, as a position of honor and education; now
commonly, in England, a youth employed for doin errands, waiting
on the door, and similar service in households; in the United
States, a boy emploed to wait upon the members of a legislative
body.
He had two pages of honor -- on either hand
one.
Bacon.
2. A boy child. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
3. A contrivance, as a band, pin, snap, or the
like, to hold the skirt of a woman's dress from the ground.
4. (Brickmaking.) A track along which
pallets carrying newly molded bricks are conveyed to the
hack.
5. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species
of beautiful South American moths of the genus
Urania.
Page, v. t. To attend (one) as a
page. [Obs.]
Shak.
Page, n. [F., fr. L. pagina;
prob. akin to pagere, pangere, to fasten,
fix, make, the pages or leaves being fastened together. Cf.
Pact, Pageant, Pagination.]
1. One side of a leaf of a book or
manuscript.
Such was the book from whose pages she sang.
Longfellow.
2. Fig.: A record; a writing; as, the
page of history.
3. (Print.) The type set up for printing
a page.
Page, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Paged (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Paging (?).] To mark or number
the pages of, as a book or manuskript; to furnish with
folios.
Pag"eant (?), n. [OE.
pagent, pagen, originally, a movable
scaffold or stage, hence, what was exhibited on it, fr. LL.
pagina, akin to pangere to fasten; cf. L.
pagina page, leaf, slab, compaginare to
join together, compages a joining together, structure.
See Pact, Page of a book.]
1. A theatrical exhibition; a spectacle.
\'bdA pageant truly played.\'b8
Shak.
To see sad pageants of men's miseries.
Spenser.
2. An elaborate exhibition devised for the
entertainmeut of a distinguished personage, or of the public; a
show, spectacle, or display.
The gaze of fools, and pageant of a day !
Pope.
We love the man, the paltry pageant you.
Cowper.
Pag"eant, a. Of the nature of a pageant;
spectacular. \'bdPageant pomp.\'b8
Dryden.
Pag"eant, v. t. To exhibit in show; to
represent; to mimic. [R.] \'bdHe
pageants us.\'b8
Shak.
Pag"eant*ry (?), n. Scenic
shows or spectacles, taken collectivelly; spectacular guality;
splendor.
Such pageantry be to the people shown.
Dryden.
The pageantry of festival.
J. A. Symonds.
Syn. -- Pomp; parade; show; display; spectacle.
Page"hood (?), n. The state of
being a page.
\'d8Pag"i*na (?), n.; pl.
Pagin\'91 (#). [L.]
(Bot.) The surface of a leaf or of a flattened
thallus.
Pag"i*nal (?), a. [L.
paginalis.] Consisting of pages.
\'bdPaginal books.\'b8
Sir T. Browne.
Pag`i*na"tion (?), n. The act
or process of paging a book; also, the characters used in
numbering the pages; page number.
Lowndes.
Pa"ging (?), n. The marking or
numbering of the pages of a book.
Pa"god (?), n. [Cf. F.
pagode. See Pagoda.]
1. A pagoda. [R.] \'bdOr some queer
pagod.\'bd
Pope.
2. An idol. [Obs.]
Bp. Stillingfleet.
Pa*go"da (?), n. [Pg.
pagoda, pagode, fr.Hind. & Per.
but-kadah a house of idols, or abode of God; Per.
but an idol + kadah a house, a
temple.] 1. A term by which Europeans
designate religious temples and tower-like buildings of the
Hindoos and Buddhists of India, Farther India, China, and Japan,
-- usually but not always, devoted to idol worship.
2. An idol. [R.]
Brande & C.
3. [Prob. so named from the image of a pagoda or a
deity (cf. Skr. bhagavat holy, divine) stamped on
it.] A gold or silver coin, of various kinds and
values, formerly current in India. The Madras gold pagoda was
worth about three and a half rupees.
Pa*go"dite (?), n. (Min.)
Agalmatolite; -- so called because sometimes carved by the
Chinese into the form of pagodas. See
Agalmatolite.
\'d8Pa*gu"ma (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of East
Indian viverrine mammals of the genus Paguma. They
resemble a weasel in form.
Pa*gu"ri*an (?), n. [L.
pagurus a kind of crab, Gr. /.]
(Zo\'94l.) Any one of a tribe of anomuran
crustaceans, of which Pagurus is a type; the hermit
crab. See Hermit crab, under Hermit.
Pah (?), interj. An exclamation
expressing disgust or contempt. See Bah.
Fie! fie! fie! pah! pah! Give me an
ounce of civet, good apothecary, to sweeten my imagination.
Shak.
\'d8Pah (?), n. [From native
name.] A kind of stockaded intrenchment.
[New Zealand.]
Farrow.
Pa"hi (?), n. (Naut.)
A large war canoe of the Society Islands.
Pah"le*vi (?), n. Same as
Pehlevi.
\'d8Pa*ho"e*ho`e (?), n.
(Min.) A name given in the Sandwich Islands to
lava having a relatively smooth surface, in distinction from the
rough-surfaced lava, called a-a.<-- Sandwich
islands = Hawaii -->
Pah"*Utes` (?), n. pl.
(Ethnol.) See Utes.
Paid (?), imp., p. p., & a. of
Pay. 1. Receiving pay; compensated;
hired; as, a paid attorney.
2. Satisfied; contented. [Obs.]
\'bdPaid of his poverty.\'b8
Chaucer.
Pai*deu"tics (?), n. [Gr.
/, fr. / to teach, fr.
/,/, a boy.] The science or
art of teaching.
Pai"en (?), n. & a.
Pagan. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Pai"gle (?), n. [Etymol.
uncertain.] (Bot.) A species of
Primula, either the cowslip or the primrose.
[Written also pagle, pagil,
peagle, and pygil.]
\'d8Pai*ja"ma (?), n.
Pyjama.
Pail (?), n. [OE.
paile, AS. p\'91gel a wine vessel, a pail,
akin to D. & G. pegel a watermark, a gauge rod, a
measure of wine, Dan. p\'91gel half a pint.]
A vessel of wood or tin, etc., usually cylindrical and
having a bail, -- used esp. for carrying liquids, as water or
milk, etc.; a bucket. It may, or may not, have a cover.
Shak.
Pail"ful (?), n.; pl.
Pailfuls (/). The quantity that
a pail will hold. \'bdBy pailfuls.\'b8
Shak.
Pail*lasse" (?; F. /), n.
[F., fr. paille straw. See Pallet a
bed.] An under bed or mattress of straw.
[Written also palliasse.]
Pail`mall" (?), n. & a. See
Pall-mall. [Obs.]
Pain (?), n. [OE.
peine, F. peine, fr. L. poena,
penalty, punishment, torment, pain; akin to Gr. /
penalty. Cf. Penal, Pine to languish,
Punish.] 1. Punishment suffered or
denounced; suffering or evil inflicted as a punishment for crime,
or connected with the commission of a crime; penalty.
Chaucer.
We will, by way of mulct or pain, lay it upon
him.
Bacon.
Interpose, on pain of my displeasure.
Dryden.
None shall presume to fly, under pain of death.
Addison.
2. Any uneasy sensation in animal bodies, from
slight uneasiness to extreme distress or torture, proceeding from
a derangement of functions, disease, or injury by violence;
bodily distress; bodily suffering; an ache; a smart.
\'bdThe pain of Jesus Christ.\'b8
Chaucer.
Pain may occur in any part of the body
where sensory nerves are distributed, and it is always due to
some kind of stimulation of them. The sensation is generally
referred to the peripheral end of the nerve.
3. pl. Specifically, the throes or
travail of childbirth.
She bowed herself and travailed, for her pains came
upon her.
1 Sam. iv. 19.
4. Uneasiness of mind; mental distress;
disquietude; anxiety; grief; solicitude; anguish.
Chaucer.
In rapture as in pain.
Keble.
5. See Pains, labor, effort.
Bill of pains and penalties. See under
Bill. -- To die in the pain, to be
tortured to death. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Pain, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Pained (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Paining.] [OE. peinen, OF.
pener, F. peiner to fatigue. See
Pain, n.] 1. To inflict
suffering upon as a penalty; to punish. [Obs.]
Wyclif (Acts xxii. 5).
2. To put to bodily uneasiness or anguish; to
afflict with uneasy sensations of any degree of intensity; to
torment; to torture; as, his dinner or his wound
pained him; his stomach pained him.
Excess of cold, as well as heat, pains us.
Lock/
3. To render uneasy in mind; to disquiet; to
distress; to grieve; as a child's faults pain his
parents.
I am pained at m/ very heart.
Jer. iv. 19.
To pain one's self, to exert or trouble one's
self; to take pains; to be solicitous. [Obs.]
\'bdShe pained her to do all that she
might.\'b8
Chaucer.
Syn. -- To disquiet; trouble; afflict; grieve; aggrieve;
distress; agonize; torment; torture.
Pain"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F.
p\'82nible.] Causing pain; painful.
[Obs.]
The manacles of Astyages were not . . . the less weighty and
painable for being composed of gold or silver.
Evelyn.
Pain"ful (?), a. 1.
Full of pain; causing uneasiness or distress, either
physical or mental; afflictive; disquieting; distressing
Addison.
2. Requiring labor or toil; difficult; executed
with laborious effort; as a painful service; a
painful march.
3. Painstaking; careful; industrious.
[Obs.]
Fuller.
A very painful person, and a great clerk.
Jer. Taylor.
Nor must the painful husbandman be tired.
Dryden.
Syn. -- Disquieting; troublesome; afflictive; distressing;
grievous; laborious; toilsome; difficult; arduous. --
Pain"ful*ly, adv. --
Pain"ful*ness, n.
Pai"nim (?), n.[OE.
painime pagans, paganism, fr. OF. paienisme
paganism, LL. paganismus. See Paganism,
Pagan.] A pagan; an infidel; -- used also
adjectively. [Written also panim and
paynim.]
Peacham.
Pain"less (?), a. Free from
pain; without pain. -- Pain"less*ly,
adv. -- Pain"less*ness,
n.
Pains (?), n.Labor; toilsome
effort; care or trouble taken; -- plural in form, but used with a
singular or plural verb, commonly the former.
And all my pains is sorted to no proof.
Shak.
The pains they had taken was very great.
Clarendon.
The labored earth your pains have sowed and
tilled.
Dryden.
Pains"tak`er (?), n. One who
takes pains; one careful and faithful in all work.
Gay.
Pains"tak`ing, a. Careful in doing;
diligent; faithful; attentive. \'bdPainstaking
men.\'b8
Harris.
Pains"tak`ing, n. The act of taking
pains; carefulness and fidelity in performance.
Beau. & Fl.
Pains"wor`thy (?), a. Worth the
pains o/ care bestowed.
Paint (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Painted; p. pr.
& vb. n. Painting.] [OE.
peinten, fr. F. peint, p.
p. o/ peindre to paint, fr. L.
pingere, pictum; cf. Gr. /
many-colored, Skr. pic to adorn. Cf. Depict,
Picture, Pigment, Pint.]
1. To cover with coloring matter; to apply paint
to; as, to paint a house, a signboard,
etc.
Jezebel painted her face and tired her head.
2 Kings ix. 30.
2. Fig.: To color, stain, or tinge; to adorn or
beautify with colors; to diversify with colors.
Not painted with the crimson spots of blood.
Shak.
Cuckoo buds of yellow hue
Do paint the meadows with delight.
Shak.
3. To form in colors a figure or likeness of on a
flat surface, as upon canvas; to represent by means of colors or
hues; to exhibit in a tinted image; to portray with paints;
as, to paint a portrait or a landscape.
4. Fig.: To represent or exhibit to the mind; to
describe vividly; to delineate; to image; to depict.
Disloyal?
The word is too good to paint out her wickedness.
Shak.
If folly grow romantic, I must paint it.
Pope.
Syn. -- To color; picture; depict; portray; delineate;
sketch; draw; describe.
Paint, v. t. 1. To practice the
art of painting; as, the artist paints
well.
2. To color one's face by way of beautifying
it.
Let her paint an inch thick.
Shak.
Paint, n. 1. (a) A
pigment or coloring substance. (b) The same
prepared with a vehicle, as oil, water with gum, or the like, for
application to a surface.
2. A cosmetic; rouge.
Praed.
Paint"ed, a. 1. Covered or
adorned with paint; portrayed in colors.
As idle as a painted ship
Upon a painted ocean.
Coleridge.
2. (Nat. Hist.) Marked with bright
colors; as, the painted turtle; painted
bunting.
Painted beauty (Zo\'94l.), a
handsome American butterfly (Vanessa Huntera), having
a variety of bright colors, -- Painted cup
(Bot.), any plant of an American genus of herbs
(Castilleia) in which the bracts are usually
bright-colored and more showy than the flowers. Castilleia
coccinea has brilliantly scarlet bracts, and is common in
meadows. -- Painted finch. See
Nonpareil. -- Painted lady
(Zo\'94l.), a bright-colored butterfly. See
Thistle butterfly. -- Painted turtle
(Zo\'94l.), a common American freshwater tortoise
(Chrysemys picta), having bright red and yellow
markings beneath.
Paint"er (?), n. [OE,
pantere a noose, snare, F. panti\'8are, LL.
panthera, L. panther a hunting net, fr. Gr.
/; / all + / beast; cf. Ir. painteir
a net, gin, snare, Gael. painntear.]
(Naut.) A rope at the bow of a boat, used to
fasten it to anything.
Totten.
Paint"er, n. [Corrupt. of
panther.] (Zo\'94l.) The
panther, or puma. [A form representing an illiterate
pronunciation, U. S.]
J. F. Cooper.
Paint"er, n. [See lst
Paint.] One whose occupation is to
paint; esp.: (a) One who covers buildings,
ships, ironwork, and the like, with paint. (b)
An artist who represents objects or scenes in color on a
flat surface, as canvas, plaster, or the like.
Painter's colic. (Med.) See
Lead colic, under Colic. --
Painter stainer. (a) A painter of coats
of arms. Crabb. (b) A member of a
livery company or guild in London, bearing this name.
<-- p. 1031 -->
Paint"er*ly (?), a. Like a
painter's work. [Obs.] \'bdA
painterly glose of a visage.\'b8
Sir P. Sidney.
Paint"er*ship, n. The state or position
of being a painter. [R.]
Br. Gardiner.
Paint"ing, n. 1. The act or
employment of laying on, or adorning with, paints or
colors.
2. (Fine Arts) The work of the painter;
also, any work of art in which objects are represented in color
on a flat surface; a colored representation of any object or
scene; a picture.
3. Color laid on; paint. [R.]
Shak.
4. A depicting by words; vivid representation in
words.
Syn. -- See Picture.
Paint"less, a. Not capable of being
painted or described. \'bdIn paintless
patience.\'b8
Savage.
Pain"ture (?), n. [F.
peinture. See Paint, v. t., and
cf. Picture.] The art of painting.
[Obs.]
Chaucer. Dryden.
Paint"y (?), a. Unskillfully
painted, so that the painter's method of work is too obvious;
also, having too much pigment applied to the surface.
[Cant]
Pair (?), n. [F.
paire, LL. paria, L. paria, pl.
of par pair, fr. par, adj., equal. Cf.
Apparel, Par equality, Peer an
equal.]
1. A number of things resembling one another, or
belonging together; a set; as, a pair or flight of
stairs. \'bdA pair of beads.\'b8
Chaucer. Beau. & Fl. \'bdFour pair
of stairs.\'b8 Macaulay. [Now mostly or quite
disused, except as to stairs.]
Two crowns in my pocket, two pair of cards.
Beau. & Fl.
2. Two things of a kind, similar in form, suited to
each other, and intended to be used together; as, a
pair of gloves or stockings; a pair of
shoes.
3. Two of a sort; a span; a yoke; a couple; a
brace; as, a pair of horses; a pair of
oxen.
4. A married couple; a man and wife. \'bdA
happy pair.\'b8 Dryden. \'bdThe hapless
pair.\'b8 Milton.
5. A single thing, composed of two pieces fitted to
each other and used together; as, a pair of
scissors; a pair of tongs; a pair of
bellows.
6. Two members of opposite parties or opinion, as
in a parliamentary body, who mutually agree not to vote on a
given question, or on issues of a party nature during a specified
time; as, there were two pairs on the final
vote. [Parliamentary Cant]
7. (Kinematics) In a mechanism, two
elements, or bodies, which are so applied to each other as to
mutually constrain relative motion.
Pairs are named in accordance with the
kind of motion they permit; thus, a journal and its bearing form
a turning pair, a cylinder and its piston a
sliding pair, a screw and its nut a twisting
pair, etc. Any pair in which the constraining
contact is along lines or at points only (as a cam and roller
acting together), is designated a higher pair; any
pair having constraining surfaces which fit each other
(as a cylindrical pin and eye, a screw and its nut, etc.), is
called a lower pair.
Pair royal (pl. Pairs Royal)
three things of a sort; -- used especially of playing cards
in some games, as cribbage; as three kings, three \'bdeight
spots\'b8 etc. Four of a kind are called a double pair
royal. \'bdSomething in his face gave me as much pleasure as
a pair royal of naturals in my own hand.\'b8
Goldsmith. \'bdThat great pair royal of
adamantine sisters [the Fates].\'b8 Quarles.
[Written corruptly parial and
prial.]
Syn. -- Pair, Flight, Set.
Originally, pair was not confined to two
things, but was applied to any number of equal things
(pares), that go together. Ben Jonson speaks of a
pair (set) of chessmen; also, he and Lord Bacon speak
of a pair (pack) of cards. A \'bdpair of
stairs\'b8 is still in popular use, as well as the later
expression, \'bdflight of stairs.\'b8
Pair, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Paired (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Pairing.] 1. To be joined in
paris; to couple; to mate, as for breeding.
2. To suit; to fit, as a counterpart.
My heart was made to fit and pair with thine.
Rowe.
3. Same as To pair off. See phrase
below.
To pair off, to separate from a company in
pairs or couples; specif. (Parliamentary Cant), to
agree with one of the opposite party or opinion to abstain from
voting on specified questions or issues. See Pair,
n., 6.
Pair, v. t. 1. To unite in
couples; to form a pair of; to bring together, as things which
belong together, or which complement, or are adapted to one
another.
Glossy jet is paired with shining white.
Pope.
2. To engage (one's self) with another of opposite
opinions not to vote on a particular question or class of
questions. [Parliamentary Cant]
Paired fins. (Zo\'94l.) See under
Fin.
Pair, v. t. [See Impair.]
To impair. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Pair"er (?), n. One who
impairs. [Obs.]
Wyclif.
Pair"ing, n. [See Pair, v.
i.] 1. The act or process of uniting or
arranging in pairs or couples.
2. See To pair off, under
Pair, v. i.
Pairyng time, the time when birds or other
animals pair.
Pair"ment (?), n.
Impairment. [Obs.]
Wyclif.
\'d8Pa`is (?), n. [OF.
pu\'8bs, F. pays, country.] (O.
E. Law) The country; the people of the
neighborhood.
per pais is a trial by the
country, that is, by a jury; and matter in pais is
matter triable by the country, or jury.
\'d8Pa`i*sa"no (?), n. [Sp., of
the country, /ative.] (Zo\'94l.) The
chaparral cock.
Paise (?), n.
[Obs.] See Poise.
Chapman.
Pa"jock (?), n. A
peacock. [Obs.]
Shak.
Pak"fong` (?), n. See
Packfong.
Pal (?), n. [Etymol.
uncertain.] A mate; a partner; esp., an accomplice or
confederate. [Slang]
Pal"ace (?), n. [OE.
palais, F. palais, fr. L.
palatium, fr. Palatium, one of the seven
hills of Rome, / which Augustus had his residence. Cf.
Paladin.]
1. The residence of a sovereign, including the
lodgings of high officers of state, and rooms for business, as
well as halls for ceremony and reception.
Chaucer.
2. The official residence of a bishop or other
distinguished personage.
3. Loosely, any unusually magnificent or stately
house.
Palace car. See under Car. --
Palace court, a court having jurisdiction of
personal actions arising within twelve miles of the palace at
Whitehall. The court was abolished in 1849.
[Eng.]
Mozley & W.
Pa*la"cious (?), a.
Palatial. [Obs.]
Graunt.
Pal"a*din (?), n. [F., fr.It.
paladino, fr. L. palatinus an officer of
the palace. See Palatine.] A knight-errant; a
distinguished champion; as, the paladins of
Charlemagne.
Sir W. Scott.
Pa"l\'91*o- (?). See
Paleo-.
Pa`l\'91*og"ra*pher (?), n.,
Pa`l\'91*o*graph"ic (/), a.,
etc. See Paleographer, Paleographic,
etc.
Pa"l\'91*o*type (?), n.
[Pal\'91o- + -type.]
(Phon.) A system of representing all spoken
sounds by means of the printing types in common use.
Ellis. -- Pa`l\'91*o*typ"ic*al
(#), a. -- Pa`l\'91*o*typ"ic*al*ly,
adv.
\'d8Pa*l\'91s"tra (?), n. See
Palestra.
Pa*l\'91s"tric (?), a. See
Palestric.
Pa*l\'91`ti*ol"o*gist (?), n.
One versed in pal\'91tiology.
Pa*l\'91`ti*ol"o*gy (?), n.
[Pal\'91o- + \'91tiology.]
The science which explains, by the law of causation, the
past condition and changes of the earth. --
Pa*l\'91`ti*o*log"ic*al (#),
a.
\'d8Pal"a*ma (?), n.; pl.
Palamme (#). [NL., fr. Gr. / the
palm.] (Zo\'94l.) A membrane extending
between the toes of a bird, and uniting them more or less closely
together.
\'d8Pal`a*me"de*\'91 (?), n. pl.
[NL.] (Zo\'94l.) An order, or
suborder, including the kamichi, and allied South American birds;
-- called also screamers. In many anatomical
characters they are allied to the Anseres, but they externally
resemble the wading birds.
Pal`am*pore" (?), n. See
Palempore.
\'d8Pa*lan"ka (?), n. [Cf. It.,
Pg., & Sp. palanca, fr.L. palanga,
phalanga a pole, Gr./ ] (Mil.)
A camp permanently intrenched, attached to Turkish frontier
fortresses.
Pal`an*quin" (?), n. [F.
palanquin, Pg. palanquim, Javan.
palangki, OJavan. palangkan, through
Prakrit fr. Skr. parya/ka, palya/ka,
bed, couch; pari around (akin to E. pref.
peri-) + a/ka a hook, flank, probably
akin to E. angle fishing tackle. Cf.
Palkee.] An inclosed carriage or litter,
commonly about eight feet long, four feet wide, and four feet
high, borne on the shoulders of men by means of two projecting
poles, -- used in India, China, etc., for the conveyance of a
single person from place to place. [Written also
palankeen.]
Pa*lap"te*ryx (?), n.
[Paleo- + apteryx.]
(Paleon.) A large extinct ostrichlike bird of New
Zealand.
Pal`a*ta*bil"i*ty (?), n.
Palatableness.
Pal"a*ta*ble (?), a. [From
Palate.] Agreeable to the palate or taste;
savory; hence, acceptable; pleasing; as, palatable
food; palatable advice.
Pal"a*ta*ble*ness, n. The quality or
state of being agreeable to the taste; relish;
acceptableness.
Pal"a*ta*bly, adv. In a palatable
manner.
Pal"a*tal (?), a. [Cf. F.
palatal.] 1. Of or pertaining to
the palate; palatine; as, the palatal
bones.
2. (Phonetics) Uttered by the aid of the
palate; -- said of certain sounds, as the sound of k
in kirk.
Pal"a*tal, n. (Phon.) A sound
uttered, or a letter pronounced, by the aid of the palate, as the
letters k and y.
Pal"a*tal*ize (?), v. t.
(Phon.) To palatize.
Pal"ate (?), n. [L.
palatum: cf. F. palais, Of. also
palat.] 1. (Anat.) The
roof of the mouth.
hard
palate to distinguish it from the membranous and muscular
curtain which separates the cavity of the mouth from the pharynx
and is called the soft palate, or
velum.
2. Relish; taste; liking; -- a sense originating in
the mistaken notion that the palate is the organ of taste.
Hard task! to hit the palate of such guests.
Pope.
3. Fig.: Mental relish; intellectual taste.
T. Baker.
4. (Bot.) A projection in the throat of
such flowers as the snapdragon.
Pal"ate, v. t. To perceive by the
taste. [Obs.]
Shak.
Pa*la"tial (?), a. [L.
palatium palace. See Palace.] Of
or pertaining to a palace; suitable for a palace; resembling a
palace; royal; magnificent; as, palatial
structures. \'bdPalatial style.\'b8
A. Drummond.
Pa*la"tial, a. [From
Palate.] (Anat.) Palatal;
palatine. [Obs.]
Barrow.
Pa*la"tial, n. A palatal letter.
[Obs.]
Sir W. Jones.
Pa*lat"ic (?), a. (Anat.)
Palatal; palatine.
Pa*lat"ic, n. (Phon.) A
palatal. [R.]
Pa*lat"i*nate (?), n. [F.
palatinat. See Palatine.] The
province or seigniory of a palatine; the dignity of a
palatine.
Howell.
Pa*lat"i*nate (?), v. t. To
make a palatinate of. [Obs.]
Fuller.
Pal"a*tine (?), a. [F.
palatin, L. palatinus, fr.
palatium. See Palace, and cf.
Paladin.] Of or pertaining to a palace, or to
a high officer of a palace; hence, possessing royal
privileges.
Count palatine, County
palatine. See under Count, and
County. -- Palatine hill, The palatine, one of the seven hills of
Rome, once occupied by the palace of the C\'91sars. See
Palace.
Pal"a*tine (?), n. 1.
One invested with royal privileges and rights within his
domains; a count palatine. See Count palatine, under
4th Count.
2. The Palatine hill in Rome.
Pal"a*tine, a. [From Palate.]
(Anat.) Of or pertaining to the palate.
Palatine bones (Anat.), a pair of
bones (often united in the adult) in the root of the mouth, back
of and between the maxillaries.
Pal"a*tine, (Anat.) A palatine
bone.
Pal"a*tive (?), a. Pleasing to
the taste; palatable. [Obs.]
\'bdPalative delights.\'b8
Sir T. Browne.
Pal"a*tize (?), v. t. To
modify, as the tones of the voice, by means of the palate;
as, to palatize a letter or sound. --
Pal`a*ti*za"tion (#),
n.
J. Peile.
Pal"a*to- (?). [From
Palate.] A combining form used in anatomy to
indicate relation to, or connection with,
the palate; as in palatolingual.
\'d8Pal`a*to*na"res (?), n. pl.
[NL. See Palato-, and Nares.]
(Anat.) The posterior nares. See
Nares.
Pal`a*top*ter"y*goid (?), a.
[Palato- + pterygoid.]
(Anat.) Pertaining to the palatine and pterygoid
region of the skull; as, the palatopterygoid
cartilage, or rod, from which the palatine and pterygoid bones
are developed.
Pa*la"ver (?), n. [Sp.
palabra, or Pg. palavra, fr. L.
parabola a comparison, a parable, LL., a word. See
Parable.]
1. Talk; conversation; esp., idle or beguiling
talk; talk intended to deceive; flattery.
2. In Africa, a parley with the natives; a talk;
hence, a public conference and deliberation; a debate.
This epoch of parliaments and eloquent
palavers.
Carlyle.
Pa*la"ver, v. t. & i. [imp. &
p. p. Palavered (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Palavering.] To make palaver
with, or to; to used palaver;to talk idly or deceitfully; to
employ flattery; to cajole; as, to palaver
artfully.
Palavering the little language for her benefit.
C. Bront/
Pa*la"ver*er (?), n. One who
palavers; a flatterer.
Pale (?), a.
[Compar. Paler (?);
superl. Palest.] [F.
p\'83le, fr. p\'83lir to turn pale, L.
pallere to be o/ look pale. Cf. Appall,
Fallow, pall, v. i.,
Pallid.]
1. Wanting in color; not ruddy; dusky white;
pallid; wan; as, a pale face; a pale red; a
pale blue. \'bdPale as a forpined
ghost.\'b8
Chaucer.
Speechless he stood and pale.
Milton.
They are not of complexion red or pale.
T. Randolph.
2. Not bright or brilliant; of a faint luster or
hue; dim; as, the pale light of the moon.
The night, methinks, is but the daylight sick;
It looks a little paler.
Shak.
Pale is often used in the formation of
self-explaining compounds; as, pale-colored,
pale-eyed, pale-faced,
pale-looking, etc.
Pale, n. Paleness; pallor.
[R.]
Shak.
Pale, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Paled (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Paling.] To turn pale; to lose color or
luster.
Whittier.
Apt to pale at a trodden worm.
Mrs. Browning.
Pale, v. t. To make pale; to diminish
the brightness of.
The glow/worm shows the matin to be near,
And gins to pale his uneffectual fire.
Shak.
Pale, n. [F. pal, fr. L.
palus: cf. D. paal. See Pol/ a
stake, and lst Pallet.] 1. A pointed
stake or slat, either driven into the ground, or fastened to a
rail at the top and bottom, for fencing or inclosing; a
picket.
Deer creep through when a pale tumbles down.
Mortimer.
2. That which incloses or fences in; a boundary; a
limit; a fence; a palisade. \'bdWithin one pale
or hedge.\'b8
Robynson (More's Utopia).
3. A space or field having bounds or limits; a
limited region or place; an inclosure; -- often used
figuratively. \'bdTo walk the studious cloister's
pale.\'b8 Milton. \'bdOut of the
pale of civilization.\'b8
Macaulay.
4. A stripe or band, as on a garment.
Chaucer.
5. (Her.) One of the greater ordinaries,
being a broad perpendicular stripe in an escutcheon, equally
distant from the two edges, and occupying one third of it.
6. A cheese scoop.
Simmonds.
7. (Shipbuilding) A shore for bracing a
timber before it is fastened.
English pale (Hist.), the limits or
territory within which alone the English conquerors of Ireland
held dominion for a long period after their invasion of the
country in 1172.
Spencer.
Pale, v. t. To inclose with pales, or as
with pales; to encircle; to encompass; to fence off.
[Your isle, which stands] ribbed and paled in
With rocks unscalable and roaring waters.
Shak.
\'d8Pa"le*a (?), n.; pl.
Pale\'91 (-. [L.,
chaff.]
1. (Bot.) (a) The interior
chaff or husk of grasses. (b) One of the
chaffy scales or bractlets growing on the receptacle of many
compound flowers, as the Coreopsis, the sunflower, etc.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A pendulous process of the
skin on the throat of a bird, as in the turkey; a dewlap.
Pa`le*a"ceous (?), a. [L.
palea chaff.] (Bot.) Chaffy;
resembling or consisting of pale\'91, or chaff; furnished with
chaff; as, a paleaceous receptacle.
Pa`le*arc"tic (?), a.
[Paleo- + arctic.]
Belonging to a region of the earth's surface which includes
all Europe to the Azores, Iceland, and all temperate Asia.
Paled (?), a. [See 5th
Pale.] 1. Striped.
[Obs.] \'bd[Buskins] . . . paled part per
part.\'b8
Spenser.
2. Inclosed with a paling. \'bdA
paled green.\'b8
Spenser.
\'d8Pa`le*\'89ch`i*noi"de*a (?), n.
pl. [NL. See Paleo-, and
Echinoidea.] (Zo\'94l.) An extinct
order of sea urchins found in the Paleozoic rocks. They had more
than twenty vertical rows of plates. Called also
Pal\'91echini. [Written also
Pal\'91echinoidea.]
<-- p. 1032 -->
Pale"face` (?), n. A white
person; -- an appellation supposed to have been applied to the
whites by the American Indians.
J. F. Cooper.
\'d8Pa`le*ich"thy*es (?), n. pl.
[NL. See Paleo-, and Ichthyology.]
(Zo\'94l.) A comprehensive division of fishes
which includes the elasmobranchs and ganoids.
[Written also Pal\'91ichthyes.]
Pale"ly (?), adv. [From
Pale, a.] In a pale manner;
dimly; wanly; not freshly or ruddily.
Thackeray.
Pal`em*pore" (?), n. A superior
kind of dimity made in India, -- used for bed coverings.
[Written also palampore, palampoor,
etc.]
De Colange.
Pale"ness (?), n. The quality
or condition of being pale; want of freshness or ruddiness; a
sickly whiteness; lack of color or luster; wanness.
The blood the virgin's cheek forsook;
A livid paleness spreads o'er all her look.
Pope.
Pa*len"que (?), n. pl.
(Ethnol.) A collective name for the Indians of
Nicaragua and Honduras.
Pa"le*o- (?). [Gr. /,
adj.] A combining form meaning old,
ancient; as, palearctic,
paleontology, paleothere,
paleography. [Written also
pal\'91o-.]
Pa`le*o*bot"a*nist (?), n. One
versed in paleobotany.
Pa`le*o*bot"a*ny (?), n.
[Paleo- + botany.] That
branch of paleontology which treats of fossil plants.
\'d8Pa`le*o*car"ida (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / ancient + /,
/, /, a kind of crustacean.]
(Zo\'94l.) Same as Merostomata.
[Written also Pal\'91ocarida.]
\'d8Pa`le*o*cri*noi"de*a (?), n. pl.
[NL. See Paleo-, and Crinoidea.]
(Zo\'94l.) A suborder of Crinoidea found chiefly
in the Paleozoic rocks.
Pa`le*o*crys"tic (?), a.
[Paleo- + Gr./ ice.] Of,
pertaining to, or derived from, a former glacial formation.
Pa`le*o*g\'91"an (?), a.
[Paleo- + Gr. / the eart]
(Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Eastern
hemisphere. [Written also
pal\'91og\'91an.]
Pa"le*o*graph (?), n. An
ancient manuscript.
Pa`le*og"ra*pher (?), n. One
skilled in paleography; a paleographist.
{ Pa`le*o*graph"ic (?),
Pa`le*o*graph"ic*al (?), } a.
[Cf. F. pal\'82ographique.] Of or
pertaining to paleography.
Pa`le*og"ra*phist (?), n. One
versed in paleography; a paleographer.
Pa`le*og"ra*phy, n. [Paleo- +
-graphy: cf. F. pal\'82ographie.]
1. An ancient manner of writing; ancient writings,
collectively; as, Punic paleography.
2. The study of ancient inscriptions and modes of
writing; the art or science of deciphering ancient writings, and
determining their origin, period, etc., from external characters;
diplomatics.
\'d8Pa*le"o*la (?), n.; pl.
Paleol\'91 (#). [NL., dim. of L.
palea.] (Bot.) A diminutive or
secondary palea; a lodicule.
Pa"le*o*lith (?), n.
[Paleo- + -lith.]
(Geol.) A relic of the Paleolithic era.
Pa`le*o*lith"ic (?), a.
(Geol.) Of or pertaining to an era marked by
early stone implements. The Paleolithic era (as
proposed by Lubbock) includes the earlier half of the \'bdStone
Age;\'b8 the remains belonging to it are for the most part of
extinct animals, with relics of human beings.
Pa`le*ol"ogist (?), n. One
versed in paleology; a student of antiquity.
Pa`le*ol"o*gy (?), n.
[Paleo- + -logy.] The study
or knowledge of antiquities, esp. of prehistoric antiquities; a
discourse or treatise on antiquities; arch\'91ology .
Pa`le*on`to*graph"ic*al (?), a.
Of or pertaining to the description of fossil remains.
Pa`le*on*tog"ra*phy (?), n.
[Paleo- + Gr. / existing things +
-graphy.] The description of fossil
remains.
Pa`le*on`to*log"ic*al (?), a.
Of or pertaining to paleontology. --
Pa`le*on`to*log"ic*al*ly,
adv.
Pa`le*on*tol"o*gist (?), n.
[Cf. F. pal\'82ontologiste.] One
versed in paleontology.
Pa`le*on*tol"o*gy (?), n.
[Paleo- + Gr. / existing things +
-logy. Cf. Ontology.] The science
which treats of the ancient life of the earth, or of fossils
which are the remains of such life.
Pa`le*o*phy*tol"o*gist (?), n.
A paleobotanist.
Pa`le*o*phy*tol"o*gy (?), n.
[Paleo- + phytology.]
Paleobotany.
Pa`le*or`ni*thol"o*gy (?), n.
[Paleo- + ornithology.] The
branch of paleontology which treats of fossil birds.
Pa`le*o*sau"rus (?), n.[NL.,
fr. Gr. / ancient + / a lizard.]
(Paleon.) A genus of fossil saurians found in the
Permian formation.
Pa`le*o*tech"nic (?), a.
[Paleo- + technic.]
Belonging to, or connected with, ancient art. \'bdThe
paleotechnic men of central France.\'b8
D. Wilson.
Pa"le*o*there (?), n. [F.
pal\'82oth\'8are.] (Paleon.) Any
species of Paleotherium.
Pa`le*o*the"ri*an (?), a. [F.
pal\'82oth\'82rien.] (Paleon.)
Of or pertaining to Paleotherium.
\'d8Pa`le*o*the"ri*um (?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. / ancient + / beast.]
(Paleon.) An extinct genus of herbivorous
Tertiary mammals, once supposed to have resembled the tapir in
form, but now known to have had a more slender form, with a long
neck like that of a llama. [Written also
Pal\'91otherium.]
Pa`le*o*the"roid (?),
[Paleothere + -oid.]
(Paleon.) Resembling Paleotherium. --
n. An animal resembling, or allied to, the
paleothere.
Pa"le*o*type (?), n. See
Pal\'91otype.
Pa"le*ous (?), a. [L.
palea chaff.] Chaffy; like chaff;
paleaceous. [R.]
Sir T. Browne.
Pa`le*o*zo"ic (?), a.
[Paleo- + Gr. / life, fr. / to live.]
(Geol.) Of or pertaining to, or designating, the
older division of geological time during which life is known to
have existed, including the Silurian, Devonian, and Carboniferous
ages, and also to the life or rocks of those ages. See Chart
of Geology.
Pa`le*o*zo*\'94l"o*gy (?), n.
(Geol.) The Paleozoic time or strata.
Pa`le*o*zo*\'94"o*gy (?), n.
[Paleo- + zo\'94logy.] The
science of extinct animals, a branch of paleontology.
{ Pale"sie (?), Pale"sy },
n. Palsy. [Obs.]
Wyclif.
{ Pal`es*tin"i*an (?),
Pal`es*tin"e*an (?), } a.
Of or pertaining to Palestine.
Pa*les"tra (?), n.; pl. L.
Palestr\'91 (#), E. Palestras
(#). [NL., fr. L. palaestra, Gr.
/, fr. / to wrestle.] [Written also
pal\'91stra.] (Antiq.) (a)
A wrestling school; hence, a gymnasium, or place for
athletic exercise in general. (b) A
wrestling; the exercise of wrestling.
{ Pa*les"tri*an (?), Pa*les"tric
(?), Pa*les"tric*al (?), }
a. [L. palaestricus, Gr. /]
Of or pertaining to the palestra, or to wrestling.
Pal"et (?), n. [See
Palea.] (Bot.) Same as
Palea.
\'d8Pal"e*tot (?), n. [F.
paletot, OF. palletoc, prob. fr. L.
palla (see Palla) + F. toque cap,
and so lit., a frock with a cap or hood; cf. Sp.
paletoque.] (a) An overcoat.
Dickens. (b) A lady's outer garment, -- of
varying fashion.
Pal"ette (?), n. [See
Pallet a thin board.]
1. (Paint.) A thin, oval or square
board, or tablet, with a thumb hole at one end for holding it, on
which a painter lays and mixes his pigments.
[Written also pallet.]
2. (Anc. Armor) One of the plates
covering the points of junction at the bend of the shoulders and
elbows.
Fairholt.
3. (Mech.) A breastplate for a breast
drill.
Palette knife, a knife with a very flexible
steel blade and no cutting edge, rounded at the end, used by
painters to mix colors on the grinding slab or palette. --
To set the palette (Paint.), to lay
upon it the required pigments in a certain order, according to
the intended use of them in a picture.
Fairholt.
Pale"wise` (?), adv.
(Her.) In the manner of a pale or pales; by
perpendicular lines or divisions; as, to divide an escutcheon
palewise.
Pal"frey (?), n. [OE.
palefrai, OF. palefrei, F.
palefroi, LL. palafredus,
parafredus, from L. paraveredus a horse for
extraordinary occasions, an extra post horse; Gr. / along,
beside + L. veredus a post horse.]
1. A saddle horse for the road, or for state
occasions, as distinguished from a war horse.
Chaucer.
2. A small saddle horse for ladies.
Spenser.
Call the host and bid him bring
Charger and palfrey.
Tennyson.
Pal"freyed (?), a. Mounted on a
palfrey.
Tickell.
Pal"grave (?), n. See
Palsgrave.
\'d8Pa"li (?), n.,
pl. of Palus.
Pa"li (?), n. [Ceylonese, fr.
Skr. p\'beli row, line, series, applied to the series
of Buddhist sacred texts.] A dialect descended from
Sanskrit, and like that, a dead language, except when used as the
sacred language of the Buddhist religion in Farther India,
etc.
Pal`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [L.
palus a stake + -ficare (in comp.) to make:
cf. F. palification. See -fy.] The
act or practice of driving piles or posts into the ground to make
it firm. [R.]
Sir H. Wotton.
Pa"li*form (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Resembling a palus; as, the
paliform lobes of the septa in corals.
Pa*lil"o*gy (?), n. [L.
palilogia, Gr. /; / again + / to speak.]
(Rhet.) The repetition of a word, or part of a
sentence, for the sake of greater emphasis; as, \'bdThe
living, the living, he shall praise
thee.\'b8
Is. xxxviii. 19.
Pal"imp*sest (?), n. [L.
palimpsestus, Gr. / scratched or scraped again, /
a palimpsest; / again + / to rub, rub away: cf. F.
palimpseste.] A parchment which has been
written upon twice, the first writing having been erased to make
place for the second.
Longfellow.
Pal"in*drome (?), n. [Gr. /
running back again; / again + / to run: cf. F.
palindrome.] A word, verse, or sentence,
that is the same when read backward or forward; as,
madam; Hannah; or Lewd did I live, &
evil I did dwel.
{ Pal`in*drom"ic (?),
Pal`in*drom"ic*al (?), } a.
Of, pertaining to, or like, a palindrome.
Pa*lin"dro*mist (?), n. A
writer of palindromes.
Pal"ing (?), n. 1.
Pales, in general; a fence formed with pales or pickets; a
limit; an inclosure.
They moved within the paling of order and
decorum.
De Quincey.
2. The act of placing pales or stripes on cloth;
also, the stripes themselves. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Paling board, one of the slabs sawed from the
sides of a log to fit it to be sawed into boards.
[Eng.]
\'d8Pal`in*ge*ne"si*a (?),
n.[NL.] See
Palingenesis.
{ Pal`in*gen"e*sis (?),
Pal`in*gen"e*sy (?), } n.
[Gr. /; / again + / birth: cf. F.
paling\'82n\'82sie. See Genesis.]
1. A new birth; a re-creation; a regeneration; a
continued existence in different manner or form.
2. (Biol.) That form of evolution in
which the truly ancestral characters conserved by heredity are
reproduced in development; original simple descent; --
distinguished from kenogenesis. Sometimes, in
zo\'94logy, the abrupt metamorphosis of insects, crustaceans,
etc.
Pal`in*ge*net"ic (?), a. Of or
pertaining to palingenesis: as, a palingenetic
process. -- Pal`in*ge*net"ic*al*ly
(#), adv.
Pal"i*node (?), n. [L.
palinodia, from Gr. /; / again + / a song. See
Ode.] 1. An ode recanting, or
retracting, a former one; also, a repetition of an ode.
2. A retraction; esp., a formal retraction.
Sandys.
Pal`i*no"di*al (?), a. Of or
pertaining to a palinode, or retraction.
J. Q. Adams.
Pal"i*no*dy (?), n. See
Palinode. [Obs.]
Wood.
Pal`inu"rus (?), n. [So called
from L. Palinurus, the pilot of \'92neas.]
(Naut.) An instrument for obtaining directly,
without calculation, the true bearing of the sun, and thence the
variation of the compass
Pal`i*sade" (?), n. [F.
palissade, cf. Sp. palizada, It.
palizzata, palizzo, LL.
palissata; all fr. L. palus a stake, pale.
See Pale a stake.] 1. (Fort.)
A strong, long stake, one end of which is set firmly in the
ground, and the other is sharpened; also, a fence formed of such
stakes set in the ground as a means of defense.
2. Any fence made of pales or sharp stakes.
Palisade cells (Bot.), vertically
elongated parenchyma cells, such as are seen beneath the
epidermis of the upper surface of many leaves. --
Palisade worm (Zo\'94l.), a nematoid
worm (Strongylus armatus), parasitic in the blood
vessels of the horse, in which it produces aneurisms, often
fatal.
Pal`i*sade", v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Palisaded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Palisading.] [Cf. F.
palissader.] To surround, inclose, or
fortify, with palisades.
Pal`i*sad"ing (?), n. Fort.) A
row of palisades set in the ground.
Pal`i*sa*"do (?), n.; pl.
Palisadoes (/). A
palisade. [Obs.]
Shak.
Pal`i*sa"do, v. t. To palisade.
[Obs.]
Sterne.
Pal"ish (?), a. Somewhat pale
or wan.
Pal`is*san"der (?), n. [F.
palissandre.] (Bot.) (a)
Violet wood. (b) Rosewood.
Pal"is*sy (?), a. Designating,
or of the nature of, a kind of pottery made by Bernard
Palissy, in France, in the 16th centry.
Palissy ware, glazed pottery like that made by
Bernard Palissy; especially, that having figures of fishes,
reptiles, etc., in high relief.
\'d8Pal"kee (?), n. [Hind.
p\'belk\'c6; of the same origin as E.
palanquin.] A palanquin.
Malcom.
Pall (?), n. Same as
Pawl.
Pall, n. [OE. pal, AS.
p\'91l, from L. pallium cover, cloak,
mantle, pall; cf. L. palla robe, mantle.]
1. An outer garment; a cloak mantle.
His lion's skin changed to a pall of gold.
Spenser.
2. A kind of rich stuff used for garments in the
Middle Ages. [Obs.]
Wyclif (Esther viii. 15).
3. (R. C. Ch.) Same as
Pallium.
About this time Pope Gregory sent two archbishop's
palls into England, -- the one for London, the other
for York.
Fuller.
4. (Her.) A figure resembling the Roman
Catholic pallium, or pall, and having the form of the letter
Y.
5. A large cloth, esp., a heavy black cloth, thrown
over a coffin at a funeral; sometimes, also, over a tomb.
Warriors carry the warrior's pall.
Tennyson.
6. (Eccl.) A piece of cardboard, covered
with linen and embroidered on one side; -- used to put over the
chalice.
Pall, v. t. To cloak.
[R.]
Shak
Pall, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Palled (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Palling.] [Either shortened fr.
appall, or fr. F. p\'83lir to grow pale.
Cf. Appall, Pale, a.] To
become vapid, tasteless, dull, or insipid; to lose strength,
life, spirit, or taste; as, the liquor
palls.
Beauty soon grows familiar to the lover,
Fades in the eye, and palls upon the sense.
Addisin.
Pall, v. t. 1. To make vapid or
insipid; to make lifeless or spiritless; to dull; to
weaken.
Chaucer.
Reason and reflection . . . pall all his
enjoyments.
Atterbury.
2. To satiate; to cloy; as, to pall
the appetite.
Pall, n. Nausea.
[Obs.]
Shaftesbury.
\'d8Pal"la (?), n. [L. See
Pall a cloak.] (Rom. Antuq.) An
oblong rectangular piece of cloth, worn by Roman ladies, and
fastened with brooches.
Pal*la"di*an (?), a.
(Arch.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, a
variety of the revived classic style of architecture, founded on
the works of Andrea Palladio, an Italian architect of
the 16th century.
Pal*la"dic (?), a.
(Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or derived from,
palladium; -- used specifically to designate those compounds in
which the element has a higher valence as contrasted with
palladious compounds.
Pal*la"di*ous (?), a.
(Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or containing,
palladium; -- used specifically to designate those compounds in
which palladium has a lower valence as compared with
palladic compounds.
Pal*la"di*um (?), n. [L., fr.
Gr. /, fr. /, /, Pallas.]
1. (Gr. Antiq.) Any statue of the
goddess Pallas; esp., the famous statue on the preservation of
which depended the safety of ancient Troy.
2. Hence: That which affords effectual protection
or security; a sateguard; as, the trial by jury is the
palladium of our civil rights.
Blackstone.
Pal*la"di*um, n. [NL.]
(Chem.) A rare metallic element of the light
platinum group, found native, and also alloyed with platinum and
gold. It is a silver-white metal resembling platinum, and like it
permanent and untarnished in the air, but is more easily fusible.
It is unique in its power of occluding hydrogen, which it does to
the extent of nearly a thousand volumes, forming the alloy
Pd2H. It is used for graduated circles and
verniers, for plating certain silver goods, and somewhat in
dentistry. It was so named in 1804 by Wollaston from the asteroid
Pallas, which was discovered in 1802. Symbol Pd.
Atomic weight, 106.2.
<-- p. 1033 -->
Pala"di*um*ize (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Palladiumized
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Palladiumizing
(?).] To cover or coat with
palladium. [R.]
Pal"lah (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A large South African antelope
(\'92pyceros melampus). The male has long lyrate and
annulated horns. The general color is bay, with a black crescent
on the croup. Called also roodebok.
Pal"las (?), n. [L., fr. Gr.
/, /.] (Gr. Myth.) Pallas Athene, the
Grecian goddess of wisdom, called also Athene,
and identified, at a later period, with the Roman
Minerva.<-- usu. spelled Athena -->
Pall"bear*er (?), n. One of
those who attend the coffin at a funeral; -- so called from the
pall being formerly carried by them.
Pal"let (?), n. [OE.
paillet, F. paillet a heap of straw, fr.
paille straw, fr. L. palea chaff; cf. Gr.
/ fine meal, dust, Skr. pala straw,
pal\'beva chaff. Cf. Paillasse.] A
small and mean bed; a bed of straw.
Milton.
Pa"let, n. [Dim. of pale. See
Pale a stake.] (Her.) A
perpendicular band upon an escutcheon, one half the breadth of
the pale.
Pal"let, n. [F. palette: af.
It. paletta; prop. and orig., a fire shovel, dim. of
L. pala a shovel, spade. See Peel a
shovel.] 1. (Paint.) Same as
Palette.
2. (Pettery) (a) A wooden
implement used by potters, crucible makers, etc., for forming,
beating, and rounding their works. It is oval, round, and of
other forms. (b) A potter's wheel.
3. (Gilding) (a) An instrument
used to take up gold leaf from the pillow, and to apply it.
(b) A tool for gilding the backs of books over the
bands.
4. (Brickmaking) A board on which a
newly molded brick is conveyed to the hack.
Knight.
5. (Mach.) (a) A click or pawl
for driving a ratchet wheel. (b) One of the
series of disks or pistons in the chain pump.
Knight.
6. (Horology) One of the pieces or
levers connected with the pendulum of a clock, or the balance of
a watch, which receive the immediate impulse of the scape-wheel,
or balance wheel.
Brande & C.
7. (Mus.) In the organ, a valve between
the wind chest and the mouth of a pipe or row of pipes.
8. (Zo\'94l.) One of a pair of shelly
plates that protect the siphon tubes of certain bivalves, as the
Teredo. See Illust. of Teredo.
9. A cup containing three ounces, -- /ormerly
used by surgeons.
Pal"li*al (?), a. [L.
pallium a mantle. See Pall.]
(Zo\'94l.) Of or pretaining to a mantle,
especially to the mantle of mollusks; produced by the mantle;
as, the pallial line, or impression, which marks the
attachment of the mantle on the inner surface of a bivalve
shell. See Illust. of Bivalve.
Pallial chamber (Zo\'94l.), the
cavity inclosed by the mantle. -- Pallial sinus
(Zo\'94l.), an inward bending of the pallial line,
near the posterior end of certain bivalve shells, to receive the
siphon. See Illust. of Bivalve.
Pal"li*a*ment (?), n. [LL.
palliare to clothe, fr. L. pallium a
manltle. See Pall the garment.] A dress; a
robe. [Obs.]
Shak.
Pal"liard (?), n. [F.
paillard, orig., one addicted to the couch, fr.
paille straw. See Pallet a small bed.]
1. A born beggar; a vagabond.
[Obs.]
Halliwell.
2. A lecher; a lewd person.
[Obs.]
Dryden.
Pal*liasse" (?), n. See
Paillasse.
Pal"li*ate (?), a. [L.
palliatus, fr. pallium a cloak. See
Pall the garment.] 1. Covered with a
mant/e; cloaked; disguised. [Obs.]
Bp. Hall.
2. Eased; mitigated; alleviated.
[Obs.]
Bp. Fell.
Pal"li*ate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p.
Palliated(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Palliating(?).] 1. To
cover with a mantle or cloak; to cover up; to hide.
[Obs.]
Being palliated with a pilgrim's coat.
Sir T. Herbert.
2. To cover with excuses; to conceal the enormity
of, by excuses and apologies; to extenuate; as, to
palliate faults.
They never hide or palliate their vices.
Swift.
3. To reduce in violence; to lessen or abate; to
mitigate; to ease withhout curing; as, to palliate a
disease.
To palliate dullness, and give time a shove.
Cowper.
Syn. -- To cover; cloak; hide; extenuate; conceal.
-- To Palliate, Extenuate,
Cloak. These words, as here compared, are used in a
figurative sense in reference to our treatment of wrong action.
We cloak in order to conceal completely. We
extenuate a crime when we endeavor to show that it is
less than has been supposed; we palliate a
crime when we endeavor to cover or conceal
its enormity, at least in part. This naturally leads us to
soften some of its features, and thus palliate
approaches extenuate till they have become nearly or
quite identical. \'bdTo palliate is not now used,
though it once was, in the sense of wholly cloaking or covering
over, as it might be, our sins, but in that of
extenuating; to palliate our faults is not
to hide them altogether, but to seek to diminish their guilt in
part.\'b8
Trench.
Pal`li*a"tion (?), n. [Cf. F.
palliation.] 1. The act of
palliating, or state of being palliated; extenuation; excuse;
as, the palliation of faults, offenses,
vices.
2. Mitigation; alleviation, as of a disease.
Bacon.
3. That which cloaks or covers; disguise; also, the
state of being covered or disguised. [Obs.]
Pal"li*a*tive (?), a. [Cf. F.
palliatif.] Serving to palliate; serving to
extenuate or mitigate.
Pal"li*a*tive (?), n. That
which palliates; a palliative agent.
Sir W. Scott.
Pal"li*a*to*ry (?), a.
Palliative; extenuating.
Pal"lid (?), a. [L.
pallidus, fr. pallere to be or look pale.
See pale, a.] Deficient in color;
pale; wan; as, a pallid countenance; pallid
blue.
Spenser.
Pal*lid"i*ty (?), n.
Pallidness; paleness.
Pal"lid*ly (?), adv. In a
pallid manner.
Pal"lid*ness, n. The quality or state of
being pallid; paleness; pallor; wanness.
\'d8Pal`li*o*bran`chi*a"ta (?), n.
pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as
Brachiopoda.
Pal`li*o*bran"chi*ate (?), a.
[See Pallium, and Branchia.]
(Zo\'94l.) Having the pallium, or mantle, acting
as a gill, as in brachiopods.
\'d8Pal"li*um (?), n.; pl. L.
Pallia(/), E. Palliums
(#). [L. See Pall the
garment.] 1. (Anc. Costume) A
large, square, woolen cloak which enveloped the whole person,
worn by the Greeks and by certain Romans. It is the Roman name of
a Greek garment.
2. (R.C.Ch.) A band of white wool, worn
on the shoulders, with four purple crosses worked on it; a
pall.
3. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The mantle of
a bivalve. See Mantle. (b) The
mantle of a bird.
Pall`-mall" (?), n. [OF.
palemail, It. pallamagio; palla
a ball (of German origin, akin to E. ball) +
magio hammer, fr. L. malleus. See lst
Ball, and Mall a beetle.] A game
formerly common in England, in which a wooden ball was driven
with a mallet through an elevated hoop or ring of iron. The name
was also given to the mallet used, to the place where the game
was played, and to the street, in London, still called Pall
Mall. [Written also pail-mail and
pell-mell.]
Sir K. Digby. Evelyn.
Pal*lo"ne (?), n. [It., a large
ball, fr. palla ball. See Balloon.]
An Italian game, played with a large leather ball.
Pal"lor (?), n. [L., fr.
pallere to be or look pale. See Pale,
a.] Paleness; want of color; pallidity;
as, pallor of the complexion.
Jer. Taylor.
Palm (?), n. [OE.
paume, F. paume, L. palma, Gr.
/, akin to Skr. p\'beni hand, and E.
fumble. See Fumble, Feel, and cf. 2d
Palm.] 1. (Anat.) The
inner and somewhat concave part of the hand between the bases of
the fingers and the wrist.
Clench'd her fingers till they bit the palm.
Tennyson.
2. A lineal measure equal either to the breadth of
the hand or to its length from the wrist to the ends of the
fingers; a hand; -- used in measuring a horse's height.
Internat. Cyc.
3. (Sailmaking) A metallic disk,
attached to a strap, and worn the palm of the hand, -- used to
push the needle through the canvas, in sewing sails, etc.
4. (Zo\'94l.) The broad flattened part
of an antler, as of a full-grown fallow deer; -- so called as
resembling the palm of the hand with its protruding
fingers.
5. (Naut.) The flat inner face of an
anchor fluke.
Palm, n. [AS. palm, L.
palma; -- so named fr. the leaf resembling a hand. See
lst Palm, and cf. Pam.]
1. (Bot.) Any endogenous tree of the
order Palm\'91 or Palmace\'91; a palm
tree.
2. A branch or leaf of the palm, anciently borne or
worn as a symbol of victory or rejoicing.
A great multitude . . . stood before the throne, and before
the Lamb, clothed with white robes, and palme in their
hands.
Rev. vii. 9.
3. Hence: Any symbol or token of superiority,
success, or triumph; also, victory; triumph; supremacy.
\'bdThe palm of martyrdom.\'b8
Chaucer.
So get the start of the majestic world
And bear the palm alone.
Shak.
Molucca palm (Bot.), a labiate herb
from Asia (Molucella l\'91vis), having a curious
cup-shaped calyx. -- Palm cabbage, the
terminal bud of a cabbage palm, used as food. -- Palm
cat (Zo\'94l.), the common paradoxure.
-- Palm crab (Zo\'94l.), the purse
crab. -- Palm oil, a vegetable oil, obtained
from the fruit of several species of palms, as the African oil
palm (El\'91is Guineensis), and used in the
manufacture of soap and candles. See El\'91is. --
Palm swift (Zo\'94l.), a small swift
(Cypselus Btassiensis) which frequents the palmyra and
cocoanut palms in India. Its peculiar nest is attached to the
leaf of the palmyra palm. -- Palm toddy. Same
as Palm wine. -- Palm weevil
(Zo\'94l.), any one of mumerous species of very
large weevils of the genus Rhynchophorus. The larv\'91
bore into palm trees, and are called palm
borers, and grugru worms. They are
considered excellent food. -- Palm wine, the
sap of several species of palms, especially, in India, of the
wild date palm (Ph\'d2nix sylvestrix), the palmyra,
and the Caryota urens. When fermented it yields by
distillation arrack, and by evaporation jaggery. Called also
palm toddy. -- Palm
worm, Palmworm.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) The larva of a palm
weevil. (b) A centipede.
Palm (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Palmed (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Palming.]
1. To handle. [Obs.]
Prior.
2. To manipulate with, or conceal in, the palm of
the hand; to juggle.
They palmed the trick that lost the game.
Prior.
3. To impose by frand, as by sleight of hand; to
put by unfair means; -- usually with off.
For you may palm upon us new for old.
Dryden.
Pal*ma"ceous (?), a.
(Bot.) Of or pertaining to palms; of the nature
of, or resembling, palms.
\'d8Pal"ma Chris"ti (?). [L., palm of
Christ.] (Bot.) A plant (Ricinus
communis) with ornamental peltate and palmately cleft
foliage, growing as a woody perennial in the tropics, and
cultivated as an herbaceous annual in temperate regions; --
called also castor-oil plant.
[Sometimes corrupted into palmcrist.]
Pal"ma*cite (?), n.
(Paleon.) A fossil palm.
Pal"mar (?), a. [L.
palmaris, fr. palma the palm of the hand:
cf. F. palmaire.] 1. (Anat.)
Pertaining to, or corresponding with, the palm of the
hand.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the
under side of the wings of birds.
\'d8Pal*ma"ri*um (?), n.; pl.
Palmaria (#). [NL. See
Palmar.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the
bifurcations of the brachial plates of a crinoid.
Pal"ma*ry (?), a. (Anat.)
Palmar.
Pal"ma*ry, a. [L. palmarius,
palmaris, belonging to palms, deserving the palm or
prize, fr. palma a palm.] Worthy of the
palm; palmy; pre\'89minent; superior; principal; chief; as,
palmary work.
Br. Horne.
Pal"mate (?), n.(Chem.) A salt
of palmic acid; a ricinoleate. [Obsoles.]
{ Pal"mate (?), Pal"ma*ted
(?), } a. [L. palmatus
marked with the palm of a hand, from palma the palm of
the hand.]
1. Having the shape of the hand; resembling a hand
with the fingers spread.
2. (Bot.) Spreading from the apex of a
petiole, as the divisions of a leaf, or leaflets, so as to
resemble the hand with outspread fingers.
Gray.
3. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Having the
anterior toes united by a web, as in most swimming birds;
webbed. See Illust. (i) under
Aves. (b) Having the distal portion broad,
flat, and more or less divided into lobes; -- said of certain
corals, antlers, etc.
Pal"mate*ly (?), adv. In a
palmate manner.
Pal*mat"i*fid (?), a. [L.
palmatus palmate + root of findere to
split.] (Bot.) Palmate, with the divisions
separated but little more than halfway to the common
center.
Pal*mat"i*lobed (?), a. [L.
palmatus palmate + E. lobed.]
(Bot.) Palmate, with the divisions separated less
than halfway to the common center.
{ Pal*mat"i*sect (?),
Pal*mat`i*sect"ed (?), } a.
[L. palmatus palmate + secare to
cut.] (Bot.) Divided, as a palmate leaf,
down to the midrib, so that the parenchyma is interrupted.
Palm"crist (?), n. The palma
Christi. (Jonah iv. 6, margin, and Douay version,
note.)
Palmed (?), a. Having or
bearing a palm or palms.
Paimed deer (Zo\'94l.), a stag of
full growth, bearing palms. See lst Palm, 4.
Palm"er (?), n. [From
Palm, v. t.] One who palms or
cheats, as at cards or dice.
Palm"er, n.[From Palm the
tree.] A wandering religious votary; especially, one
who bore a branch of palm as a token that he had visited the Holy
Land and its sacred places.
Chaucer.
Pilgrims and palmers plighted them together.
P. Plowman.
The pilgrim had some home or dwelling place, the
palmer had none. The pilgrim traveled to some certain,
designed place or places, but the palmer to all.
T. Staveley.
Palm"er*worm` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) Any hairy caterpillar
which appears in great numbers, devouring herbage, and wandering
about like a palmer. The name is applied also to other voracious
insects. Joel. i. 4. (b) In America,
the larva of any one of several moths, which destroys the foliage
of fruit and forest trees, esp. the larva of Ypsolophus
pometellus, which sometimes appears in vast numbers.
Pal*mette" (?), n. [F., dim. of
palme a palm.] A floral ornament, common in
Greek and other ancient architecture; -- often called
the honeysuckle ornament.
Pal*met"to (?), n. [Dim. of
palm the tree: cf. Sp. palmito.]
(Bot.) A name given to palms of several genera
and species growing in the West Indies and the Southern United
States. In the United States, the name is applied especially to
the Cham\'91rops, , the cabbage
tree of Florida and the Carolinas. See Cabbage tree,
under Cabbage.
<-- p. 1034 -->
Royal palmetto, the West Indian Sabal
umbraculifera, the trunk of which, when hollowed, is used
for water pipes, etc. The leaves are used for thatching, and for
making hats, ropes, etc. -- Saw palmetto,
Sabal serrulata, a native of Georgia, South
Carolina, and Florida. The nearly impassable jungle which it
forms is called palmetto scrub.
Pal"mic (?), a. [Cf. F.
palmique.] (Chem.) Of,
pertaining to, or derived from, the castor-oil plant
(Ricinus communis, or Palma Christi); --
formerly used to designate an acid now called ricinoleic
acid. [Obsoles.]
\'d8Pal`mi*dac"ty*les (?), n. pl.
[NL. See Palm, and Dactyl.]
(Zo\'94l.) A group of wading birds having the
toes webbed, as the avocet.
Pal*mif"er*ous (?), a.[L.
palmifer; palma a palm + ferre
to bear: cf. F. palmif\'8are.] Bearing
palms.
Pal"mi*grade (?), a. [L.
palma palm of the hand + gradi to
walk.] (Zo\'94l.) Putting the whole foot
upon the ground in walking, as some mammals.
Pal"min (?), n. [From
palma Christi: cf. F. palmine.]
(Chem.) (a) A white waxy or fatty
substance obtained from castor oil. (b)
Ricinolein. [Obs.]
Pal"mi*ped (?), a.[L.
palmipes, -edis, broad-footed;
palma the palm of the hand + pes a foot;
cf. F. palmip\'8ade.] (Zo\'94l.)
Web-footed, as a water fowl. -- n.
A swimming bird; a bird having webbed feet.
\'d8Pal*mip"e*des (?), n. pl.
[NL.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as
Natatores.
Pal"mis*ter (?), n. [From
Palm of the hand.] One who practices
palmistry
Bp. Hall.
Pal`mis*try (?), n.[See
Palmister.] 1. The art or practice
of divining or telling fortunes, or of judging of character, by
the lines and marks in the palm of the hand; chiromancy.
Ascham. Cowper.
2. A dexterous use or trick of the hand.
Addison.
Pal"mi*tate (?), n.
(Chem.) A salt of palmitic acid.
Pal"mite (?), n. [From
Palm.] (Bot.) A South African
plant (Prionium Palmita) of the Rush family, having
long serrated leaves. The stems have been used for making
brushes.
Pal*mit"ic (?), a. (Physiol.
Chem.) Pertaining to, or obtained from, palmitin or
palm oil; as, palmitic acid, a white crystalline
body belonging to the fatty acid series. It is readily
soluble in hot alcohol, and melts to a liquid oil at 62
Pal"mi*tin (?), n. [So called
because abundant in palm oil.] (Physiol.
Chem.) A solid crystallizable fat, found abundantly in
animals and in vegetables. It occurs mixed with stearin and olein
in the fat of animal tissues, with olein and butyrin in butter,
with olein in olive oil, etc. Chemically, it is a glyceride of
palmitic acid, three molecules of palmitic acid being united to
one molecule of glyceryl, and hence it is technically called
tripalmitin, or glyceryl
tripalmitate.
Pal`mi*tol"ic (?), a.
[Palmitic + -oleic +
ic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or
designating, an artificial acid of the oleic acid series,
isomeric with linoleic acid.
Pal"mi*tone (?), n.
(Chem.) The ketone of palmitic acid.
Palm" Sun`day (?). (Eccl.) The
Sunday next before Easter; -- so called in commemoration of our
Savior's triumphal entry into Jerusalem, when the multitude
strewed palm branches in the way.
Palm"y (?), a. 1.
Bearing palms; abounding in palms; derived from palms;
as, a palmy shore.
Pope.
His golden sands and palmy wine.
Goldsmith.
2. Worthy of the palm; flourishing;
prosperous.
In the most high and palmy state of Rome.
Shak.
Pal*my"ra (?), n. (Bot.)
A species of palm (Borassus flabelliformis)
having a straight, black, upright trunk, with palmate leaves. It
is found native along the entire northern shores of the Indian
Ocean, from the mouth of the Tigris to New Guinea. More than
eight hundred uses to which it is put are enumerated by native
writers. Its wood is largely used for building purposes; its
fruit and roots serve for food, its sap for making toddy, and its
leaves for thatching huts.
Pa*lo"la (?), n. [Fr. the
native name.] (Zo\'94l.) An annelid
(Palola viridis) which, at certain seasons of the
year, swarms at the surface of the sea about some of the Pcific
Islands, where it is collected for food.
\'d8Pal`lo*me"ta (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A pompano.
Palp (?), n. [Cf. F.
palpe. See Palpable.]
(Zo\'94l.) Same as Palpus.
Palp, v. t. [L. palpare: cf.
F. palper.] To have a distinct touch or
feeling of; to feel. [Obs.]
To bring a palp\'8ad darkness o'er the earth.
Heywood.
Pal`pa*bil"i*ty (?), n. The
quality of being palpable, or perceptible by the touch.
Arbuthnot.
Pal"pa*ble (?), a. [F.
palpable, L. palpabilis, fr.
palpare to feel, stroke; cf. palpus the
soft palm of the hand.] 1. Capable of being
touched and felt; perceptible by the touch; as, a
palpable form.
Shak.
Darkness must overshadow all his bounds,
Palpable darkness.
Milton.
2. Easily perceptible; plain; distinct; obvious;
readily perceived and detected; gross; as, palpable
imposture; palpable absurdity; palpable
errors. \'bdThree persons palpable.\'b8
P. Plowman.
[Lies] gross as a mountain, open, palpable.
Shak.
-- Pal"pa*ble*ness, n. --
Pal"pa*bly, adv.
Pal*pa"tion (?), n. [L.
palpatio, fr. palpare. See
Palpable.] 1. Act of touching or
feeling.
2. (Med.) Examination of a patient by
touch.
Quain.
\'d8Pal*pa"tor (?), n. [L., a
stroker.] (Zo\'94l.) One of a family of
clavicorn beetles, including those which have very long maxillary
palpi.
\'d8Pal"pe*bra (?), n.; pl.
Palpebr\'91 (#). [L.]
(Zo\'94l.) The eyelid.
Pal"pe*bral (?), a. [L.
palpebralis, fr. palpebra: cf. F.
palp\'82bral.] Of or pertaining to the
eyelids.
Pal"pr*brate (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Having eyelids.
Palped (?), a. (Zo\'94l.)
Having a palpus.
\'d8Pal"pi (?), n.,
pl. of Palpus. (Zo\'94l.) See
Palpus.
Pal"pi*corn (?), n. [See
Palpus, and Cornu.] (Zo\'94l.)
One of a group of aquatic beetles (Palpicornia)
having short club-shaped antenn\'91, and long maxillary
palpi.
Pal"pi*fer (?), n.
[Palpus + L. ferre to bear.]
(Zo\'94l.) Same as Palpiger.
Pal"pi*form (?), a.
[Palpus + -form: cf. F.
palpiforme.] (Zo\'94l.) Having
the form of a palpus.
Pal"pi*ger (?), n. [See
Palpigerous.] (Zo\'94l.) That
portion of the labium which bears the palpi in insects.
Pal*pig"er*ous (?), a.
[Palpus + -gerous.]
(Zo\'94l.) Bearing a palpus.
Kirby.
Pal"pi*tant (?), a. [L.
palpitans, p. pr.] Palpitating; throbbing;
trembling.
Carlyle.
Pal"pi*tate (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Palpitated
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Palpitating(?).] [L.
palpitare, palpitatum, v. intens. fr.
pappare. See Palpable.] To beat
rapidly and more strongly than usual; to throb; to bound with
emotion or exertion; to pulsate violently; to flutter; -- said
specifically of the heart when its action is abnormal, as from
excitement.
Pal`pi*ta"tion (?), n. [L.
palpitatio: cf. F. palpitation.]
A rapid pulsation; a throbbing; esp., an abnormal, rapid
beating of the heart as when excited by violent exertion, strong
emotion, or by disease.
Palp"less (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Without a palpus.
Pal"po*cil (?), n. [See
Palpus, and Cilium.]
(Zo\'94l.) A minute soft filamentary process
springing from the surface of certain hydroids and sponges.
\'d8Pal"pus (?), n.; pl.
Palpi (#). [NL. See
Palp.] (Zo\'94l.) A feeler;
especially, one of the jointed sense organs attached to the mouth
organs of insects, arachnids, crustaceans, and annelids; as,
the mandibular palpi, maxillary palpi, and
labial palpi. The palpi of male spiders serve as
sexual organs. Called also palp. See
Illust. of Arthrogastra and
Orthoptera.
Pals"grave` (?), n. [D.
paltsgraaf; palts palace (l.
palatium) + graaf count; cf. G.
pfalzgraf. See Palace, and
Landgrave.] (Ger. Hist.) A count
or earl who presided in the domestic court, and had the
superintendence, of a royal household in Germany.
Pals"gra*vine` (?), n.[D.
paltsgravin: cf. G. pfalzgrafin.]
The consort or widow of a palsgrave.
Pal"si*cal (?), a.[From
Palsy.] Affected with palsy; palsied;
paralytic. [R.]
Johnson.
Pal"sied (?), a. Affected with
palsy; paralyzed.
Pal"stave` (?), n. [Dan.
paalstav.] A peculiar bronze adz, used in
prehistoric Europe about the middle of the bronze age.
Dawkins.
Pal"ster (?), n. [D.
palsterstaf.] A pilgrim's staff.
[Obs.]
Halliwell.
Pal"sy (?), n.; pl.
Palsies (#). [OE.
palesie, parlesy, OF. paralesie,
F. paralysie, L. paralysis. See
Paralysis.] (Med.) Paralysis,
complete or partial. See Paralysis. \'bdOne sick
of the palsy.\'b8
Mark ii. 3.
Bell's palsy, paralysis of the facial nerve,
producing distortion of one side of the face; -- so called from
Sir Charles Bell, an English surgeon who described
it. -- Scrivener's palsy. See Writer's
cramp, under Writer. -- Shaking
palsy, paralysis agitans, a disease usually
occurring in old people, characterized by muscular tremors and a
peculiar shaking and tottering gait.
Pal"sy, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Palsied (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Palsying.] To affect with
palsy, or as with palsy; to deprive of action or energy; to
paralyze.
Pal"sy*wort` (?), n.
(Bot.) The cowslip (Primula veris); --
so called from its supposed remedial powers.
Dr. Prior.
Pal"ter (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Paltered
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Paltering.] [See
Paltry.] 1. To haggle.
[Obs.]
Cotgrave.
2. To act in insincere or deceitful manner; to play
false; to equivocate; to shift; to dodge; to trifle.
Romans, that have spoke the word,
And will not palter.
Shak.
Who never sold the truth to serve the hour,
Nor paltered with eternal God for power.
Tennyson.
3. To babble; to chatter. [Obs.]
Pal"ter, v. t. To trifle with; to waste;
to squander in paltry ways or on worthless things.
[Obs.] \'bdPalter out your time in the
penal statutes.\'b8
Beau. & Fl.
Pal"ter*er (?), n. One who
palters.
Johnson.
Pal"ter*ly, a. & adv. Paltry; shabby;
shabbily; paltrily. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
\'bdIn palterly clothes.\'b8
Pepys.
Pal"tock (?), n. [See
Paletot.] A kind of doublet; a jacket.
[Obs.]
Piers Plowman.
Pal"tri*ly (?), adv. In a
paltry manner.
Pal"tri*ness, n. The state or quality of
being paltry.
Pal"try (?), a.
[Compar. Paltrier (/);
superl. Paltriest.] [Cf.
Prov. E. paltry refuse, rubbish, LG.
paltering ragged, palte, palter,
a rag, a tatter, Dan. pialt, Sw. palta, pl.
paltor.] Mean; vile; worthless; despicable;
contemptible; pitiful; trifling; as, a paltry
excuse; paltry gold.
Cowper.
The paltry prize is hardly worth the cost.
Byron.
Syn. -- See Contemptible.
Pa*lu"dal (?), a. [L.
palus, -udis, a marsh.] Of or
pertaining to marshes or fens; marshy. [R.]
Paludal fever, malarial fever; -- so called
because generated in marshy districts.
Pa*lu"da*ment (?), n. See
Paludamentum.
\'d8Pa*lu`da*men*tum (?), n.;
pl. Paladumenta (/) (Rom.
Antiq.) A military cloak worn by a general and his
principal officers.
\'d8Pal`u*dic"o*l\'91 (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. L. palus, -udis, a marsh +
colere to inhabit.] (Zo\'94l.) A
division of birds, including the cranes, rails, etc.
Pa*lu"di*cole (?), a. [Cf. F.
paludicole.] (Zo\'94l.)
Marsh-inhabiting; belonging to the Paludicol\'91
\'d8Pal`u*di"na (?), n.; pl. L.
Paludin\'91 (#), E. Paludinas
(#). [NL., fr. L. palus,
-udis, a marsh, pool.] (Zo\'94l.)
Any one of numerous species of freshwater pectinibranchiate
mollusks, belonging to Paludina, Melantho,
and allied genera. They have an operculated shell which is
usually green, often with brown bands. See Illust. of
Pond snail, under Pond.
Pal`u*di"nal (?), a. Inhabiting
ponds or swamps.
Pal"u*dine (?), a. [L.
palus, -udis, a marsh.] Of or
pertaining to a marsh.
Buckland.
Pa*lu"di*nous (?), a. 1.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) Paludinal. (b)
Like or pertaining to the genus Paludina.
2. Of or pertaining to a marsh or fen.
[R.]
Pa*lu"dism (?), n. (Med.)
The morbid phenomena produced by dwelling among marshes;
malarial disease or disposition.
Pal"u*dose` (?), a.[L.
paludosus marshy.] Growing or living in
marshy places; marshy.
Pal"ule (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) See Palulus or
Palus.
\'d8Pal"u*lus (?), n.; pl.
Paluli (#). [NL., dim. of L.
palus a stake.] (Zo\'94l.) Same
as Palus.
\'d8Pa"lus (?), n.; pl.
Pali (#). [L., a stake.]
(Zo\'94l.) One of several upright slender
calcareous processes which surround the central part of the
calicle of certain corals.
Pa*lus"tral (?), a. [L.
paluster, -ustris.] Of or
pertaining to a bog or marsh; boggy. [R.]
Pa*lus"trine (?), a. Of,
pertaining to, or living in, a marsh or swamp; marshy.
Pal"y (?), a. [From
Pale, a.] Pale; wanting color;
dim. [Poetic]
Shak. Whittier.
Pal"y, a. [Cf. F. pal\'82.
See Pale a stake.] (Her.) Divided
into four or more equal parts by perpendicular lines, and of two
different tinctures disposed alternately.
Pam (?), n. [From Palm
victory; cf. trump, fr. triumph.]
The knave of clubs. [Obs.]
Pope.
Pa"ment (?), n. A
pavement. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
\'d8Pam"pa*no (?), n.
[Sp.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as
Pompano.
Pam"pas (?), n. pl. [Sp., fr.
Peruv. pampa a field, plain.] Vast plains
in the central and southern part of the Argentine Republic in
South America. The term is sometimes used in a wider sense for
the plains extending from Bolivia to Southern Patagonia.
Pampas cat (Zo\'94l.), a South
American wild cat (Felis pajeros). It has oblique
transverse bands of yellow or brown. It is about three and a half
feet long. Called also straw cat. --
Pampas deer (Zo\'94l.), a small,
reddish-brown, South American deer (Cervus, ). -- Pampas grass
(Bot.), a very tall ornamental grass
(Gynerium argenteum) with a silvery-white silky
panicle. It is a native of the pampas of South America.
Pam"per (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Pampered
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Pampering.] [Cf. LG. pampen,
slampampen, to live luxuriously, pampe
thick pap, and E. pap.]
1. To feed to the full; to feed luxuriously; to
glut; as, to pamper the body or the
appetite. \'bdA body . . . pampered for
corruption.\'b8
Dr. T. Dwight.
2. To gratify inordinately; to indulge to excess;
as, to pamper pride; to pamper the
imagination.
South.
Pam"pered (?), a. Fed
luxuriously; indulged to the full; hence, luxuriant.
\'bdPampered boughs.\'b8 Milton.
\'bdPampered insolence.\'b8 Pope. --
Pam"pered*ness, n.
Bp. Hall.
Pam"per*er (?), n. One who, or
that which, pampers.
Cowper.
Pam"per*ize (?), v. t. To
pamper. [R.]
Sydney Smith.
\'d8Pam*pe"ro (?), n.[Sp., fr.
pampa a plain.] A violent wind from the
west or southwest, which sweeps over the pampas of South America
and the adjacent seas, often doing great damage.
Sir W. Parish.
Pam*pe"ros (?), n. pl.; sing.
Pampero (/). [Sp.
American.] (Ethnol.) A tribe of Indians
inhabiting the pampas of South America.
Pam"phlet (?), n. [OE.
pamflet, pamfilet, paunflet,
possibly fr. OF. palme the palm of the hand, F.
paume (see Palm) + OF. fueillet a
leaf, dim. of fueil, m., F. feuille, f.,
fr. L. folium, pl. folia, thus meaning, a
leaf to be held in the hand; or perh. through old French, fr. L.
Pamphila, a female historian of the first century who
wrote many epitomes; prob., however, fr. OF.
Pamflette, the Old French name given to
Pamphilus, a poem in Latin verse of the 12th century,
pamphlets being named from the popularity of this poem.]
1. A writing; a book.
Testament of love.
Sir Thomas More in his pamphlet of Richard the
Third.
Ascham.
2. A small book consisting of a few sheets of
printed paper, stitched together, often with a paper cover, but
not bound; a short essay or written discussion, usually on a
subject of current interest.
<-- p. 1035 -->
Pam"phlet (?), v. i. To write a
pamphlet or pamphlets. [R.]
Howell.
Pam`phlet*eer" (?), n. A writer
of pamphlets; a scribbler.
Dryden. Macaulay.
Pam`phlet*eer", v. i. To write or
publish pamphlets.
By pamphleteering we shall not win.
C. Kingsley.
Pam*pin"i*form (?), a. [L.
pampinus a tendril + -form.]
(Anat.) In the form of tendrils; -- applied
especially to the spermatic and ovarian veins.
Pam"pre (?), n. [F.
pampre a vine branch, L. pampinus.]
(Sculp.) An ornament, composed of vine leaves and
bunches of grapes, used for decorating spiral columns.
Pam`pro*dac"tyl*ous (?), a.
[Pan- + Gr. / forward + / finger.]
(Zo\'94l.) Having all the toes turned forward, as
the colies.
{ Pan- (?), Pan"ta- (?),
Pan"to- (?) }. [Gr. /, m.,
/,neut., gen. /, all.] Combining forms signifying
all, every; as, panorama,
pantheism, pantagraph,
pantograph. Pan- becomes pam-
before b or p, as
pamprodactylous.
Pan, n. [OE. See 2d
Pane.] 1. A part; a portion.
2. (Fort.) The distance comprised
between the angle of the epaule and the flanked angle.
3. [Perh. a different word.] A leaf of
gold or silver.
Pan, v. t. & i. [Cf. F. pan
skirt, lappet, L. pannus a cloth, rag, W.
panu to fur, to full.] To join or fit
together; to unite. [Obs.]
Halliwell.
Pan (?), n. [Hind.
p\'ben, Skr. parna leaf.] The
betel leaf; also, the masticatory made of the betel leaf, etc.
See /etel.
\'d8Pan (?), n. [L., fr. Gr.
/.] (Gr. Myth.) The god of shepherds,
guardian of bees, and patron of fishing and hunting. He is
usually represented as having the head and trunk of a man, with
the legs, horns, and tail of a goat, and as playing on the
shepherd's pipe, which he is said to have invented.
Pan, n. [OE. panne, AS.
panne; cf. D. pan, G. pfanne,
OHG. pfanna, Icel., Sw., LL., & Ir. panna,
of uncertain origin; cf. L. patina, E.
paten.] 1. A shallow, open dish or
vessel, usually of metal, employed for many domestic uses, as for
setting milk for cream, for frying or baking food, etc.; also
employed for various uses in manufacturing. \'bdA bowl or a
pan.\'b8
Chaucer.
2. (Manuf.) A closed vessel for boiling
or evaporating. See Vacuum pan, under
Vacuum.
3. The part of a flintlock which holds the
priming.
4. The skull, considered as a vessel containing the
brain; the upper part of the head; the brainpan; the
cranium.
Chaucer.
5. (C/rp.) A recess, or bed, for the
leaf of a hinge.
6. The hard stratum of earth that lies below the
soil. See Hard pan, under Hard.
7. A natural basin, containing salt or fresh water,
or mud.
Flash in the pan. See under
Flash. -- To savor of the pan, to
suggest the process of cooking or burning; in a theological
sense, to be heretical.
Ridley. Southey.
Pan, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Panned (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Panning.] (Mining) To
separate, as gold, from dirt or sand, by washing in a kind of
pan. [U. S.]
We . . . witnessed the process of cleaning up and
panning out, which is the last process of separating
the pure gold from the fine dirt and black sand.
Gen. W. T. Sherman.
Pan, v. i. 1. (Mining)
To yield gold in, or as in, the process of panning; --
usually with out; as, the gravel panned
out richly.
2. To turn out (profitably or unprofitably); to
result; to develop; as, the investigation, or the
speculation, panned out poorly. [Slang,
U. S.]
<-- Pan v.t. & i., to scan (a movie camera), usu. in a horizontal
direction, to obtain a panoramic effect; also, to move the camera
so as to keep the subject in view.
2. to criticise (a drama or literary work) harshly. -->
Pan"a*base (?), n.
[Pan- + base. So called in allusion to
the number of metals contained in it.] (Min.)
Same as Tetrahedrite.
Pan`a*ce"a (?), n. [L., fr. Gr.
/, fr. / all-healing; /, /, all + / to heal.]
1. A remedy for all diseases; a universal medicine;
a cure-all; catholicon; hence, a relief or solace for
affliction.
2. (Bot.) The herb allheal.
Pan`a*ce"an (?), a. Having the
properties of a panacea. [R.]
\'bdPanacean dews.\'b8
Whitehead.
Pa*nache" (?), n. [F., fr. L.
penna a feather. See Pen a feather.]
A plume or bunch of feathers, esp. such a bunch worn on the
helmet; any military plume, or ornamental group of
feathers.
A panache of variegated plumes.
Prescott.
{ Pa*na"da (?), Pa*nade"
(?), } n. [Sp. panada,
fr. L. panis bread: cf. F. panade. See
Pantry.] Bread boiled in water to the
consistence of pulp, and sweetened or flavored.
[Written also panado.]
Pa*nade" (?), n. A
dagger. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Pan`a*ma" hat` (?). A fine plaited hat,
made in Central America of the young leaves of a plant
(Carludovica palmata).
Pan`-A*mer"i*can (?), a. [See
Pan-.] Of or pertaining to both North and
South America.
Pan`-An"gli*can (?), a.
[Pan- + Anglican.]
(Eccl.) Belonging to, or representing, the whole
Church of England; used less strictly, to include the Protestant
Episcopal Church of the United States; as, the
Pan-Anglican Conference at Lambeth, in 1888.
Pan"a*ry (?), a. [L.
panis bread.] Of or pertaining to bread or
to breadmaking.
Pan"a*ry, n. A storehouse for
bread.
Halliwell.
Pan"cake` (?), n. A thin cake
of batter fried in a pan or on a griddle; a griddlecake; a
flapjack. \'bdA pancake for Shrove Tuesday.\'b8
Shak.
Pan"carte` (?), n. [F., fr. LL.
pancharta. See Pan-, and
Carte.] A royal charter confirming to a
subject all his possessions. [Obs.]
Holinshed.
Pance (?), n. (Bot.)
The pansy. [Also paunce.]
Panch (?), n. (Naut.)
See Paunch.
Panch"way (?), n. [Hind.
pan/oi.] (Naut.) A Bengalese
four-oared boat for passengers. [Written also
panshway and paunchwas.]
Malcom.
Pan*cra"tian (?), a. Pancratic;
athletic.
Pan*cra"ti*ast (?), n. One who
engaged in the contests of the pancratium.
Pan*cra`ti*as"tic (?), a. Of or
pertaining to the pancratium.
G. West.
Pan*crat"ic (?), a. [Gr. /
all-powerful.] (Opt.) Having all or many
degrees of power; having a great range of power; -- said of an
eyepiece made adjustable so as to give a varying magnifying
power.
{ Pan*crat"ic (?), Pan*crat"ic*al
(?), } a. [See
Pancratium.] Of or pertaining to the
pancratium; athletic.
Sir T. Browne
Pan"cra*tist (?), n. An
athlete; a gymnast.
\'d8Pan*cra"ti*um (?), n. [L.,
fr. Gr. / a complete contest, fr. / all-powerful; /, /,
all + / strength.]
1. (Gr. Antiq.) An athletic contest
involving both boxing and wrestling.
2. (Bot.) A genus of Old World
amaryllideous bulbous plants, having a funnel-shaped perianth
with six narrow spreading lobes. The American species are now
placed in the related genus Hymenocallis.
Pan"cre*as (?), n. [NL., fr.
Gr. /; /, /, all + / flesh, meat: cf. F.
pancr\'82as.] (Anat.) The
sweetbread, a gland connected with the intestine of nearly all
vertebrates. It is usually elongated and light-colored, and its
secretion, called the pancreatic juice, is discharged, often
together with the bile, into the upper part of the intestines,
and is a powerful aid in digestion. See Illust. of
Digestive apparatus.
Pan`cre*at"ic (?), a. [Cf. F.
pancr\'82atique.] (Anat.) Of or
pertaining to the pancreas; as, the pancreatic
secretion, digestion, ferments.
Pancreatic juice (Physiol.), a
colorless alkaline fluid secreted intermittently by the
pancreatic gland. It is one of the most important of the
digestive fluids, containing at least three distinct ferments,
trypsin, steapsin and an amylolytic ferment, by which it acts
upon all three classes of food stuffs. See
Pancreas.
Pan"cre*a*tin (?), n. [See
Pancreas.] (Physiol. Chem.) One of
the digestive ferments of the pancreatic juice; also, a
preparation containing such a ferment, made from the pancreas of
animals, and used in medicine as an aid to digestion.
pancreatin is restricted
to the amylolytic ferment of the pancreatic juice, by others it
is applied to trypsin, and by still others to
steapsin.
Pan"cy (?), n. See
Pansy. [Obs.]
Dryden.
Pan"da (?), n. (Zo\'94l.)
A small Asiatic mammal (Ailurus fulgens) having
fine soft fur. It is related to the bears, and inhabits the
mountains of Northern India.
\'d8Pan*da"nus (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Malay pandan.] (Bot.) A
genus of endogenous plants. See Screw pine.
Pan"dar (?), n. Same as
Pander. \'bdSeized by the pandar of
Appius.\'b8
Macaulay.
Pan"dar*ism (?), n. Same as
Panderism.
Swift.
Pan"dar*ize (?), v. i. To
pander. [Obs.]
Pan"dar*ous (?), a.
Panderous. [Obs.]
Pan*de"an, a. [From 4th
Pan.] Of or relating to the god Pan.
Pandean pipes, a primitive wind instrument,
consisting of a series of short hollow reeds or pipes, graduated
in length by the musical scale, and fastened together side by
side; a syrinx; a mouth organ; -- said to have been invented by
Pan. Called also Pan's pipes and
Panpipes.<-- also, pipes of Pan -->
Pan"dect (?), n. [L.
pandecta, pandectes, Gr. / all-receiving,
all-containing; /, /, all + / to receive: cf. F.
pandectes, pl.] 1. A treatise
which comprehends the whole of any science.
[Thou] a pandect mak'st, and universal book.
Donne.
2. pl. The digest, or abridgment, in
fifty books, of the decisions, writings, and opinions of the old
Roman jurists, made in the sixth century by direction of the
emperor Justinian, and forming the leading compilation of the
Roman civil law.
Kent.
Pan*dem"ic (?), a. [L.
pandemus, Gr. /, /; /, /, all + / the
people: cf. F. pand\'82mique.] Affecting a
whole people or a number of countries; everywhere epidemic.
-- n. A pandemic disease.
Harvey.
Pan`de*mo"ni*um (?), n. [NL.,
from Gr. /, /, all + / a demon.] 1. The
great hall or council chamber of demons or evil spirits.
Milton.
2. An utterly lawless, riotous place or
assemblage.
Pan"der (?), n. [From
Pandarus, a leader in the Trojan army, who is
represented by Chaucer and Shakespeare as having procured for
Troilus the possession of Cressida.]
1. A male bawd; a pimp; a procurer.
Thou art the pander to her dishonor.
Shak.
2. Hence, one who ministers to the evil designs and
passions of another.
Those wicked panders to avarice and ambition.
Burke.
Pan"der, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Pandered (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Pandering.] To play the pander
for.
<-- pander to (base emotions), to achieve one's purpose by
appealing to a person's base emotions (less noble desires), as
lust, prejudice, hate; to exploit base emotions -->
Pan"der, v. i. To act the part of a
pander.
Pan"der*age (?), n. The act of
pandering.
Pan"der*ism (?), n. The
employment, arts, or practices of a pander.
Bp. Hall.
Pan"der*ly, a. Having the quality of a
pander. \'bdO, you panderly rascals.\'b8
Shak.
Pan*der"mite (?), n. [From
Panderma, a port on the Black Sea from which it is
exported.] (Min.) A hydrous borate of lime,
near priceite.
Pan"der*ous (?), Of or relating to a
pander; characterizing a pander.
Pan*dic"u*la`ted (?), a. [See
Pandiculation.] Extended; spread out;
stretched.
Pan*dic`u*la"tion (?), n. [L.
pandiculari to stretch one's self, fr.
pandere to spread out.] A stretching and
stiffening of the trunk and extremities, as when fatigued and
drowsy.
Pan"dit (?), n. See
Pundit.
Pan"door (?) n. Same as
Pandour.
Pan*do"ra (?), n. [L., fr. Gr.
Pandw`ra; pa^s, pa^n, all +
dw^ron a gift.] 1. (Class.
Myth.) A beautiful woman (all-gifted), whom
Jupiter caused Vulcan to make out of clay in order to punish the
human race, because Prometheus had stolen the fire from heaven.
Jupiter gave Pandora a box containing all human ills, which, when
the box was opened, escaped and spread over the earth. Hope alone
remained in the box. Another version makes the box contain all
the blessings of the gods, which were lost to men when Pandora
opened it.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of marine
bivalves, in which one valve is flat, the other convex.
Pan"dore (?), n. [F. See
Bandore.] An ancient musical instrument, of
the lute kind; a bandore. [Written also
pandoran.]<-- a bandura? -->
Pan"dour (?), n. One of a class
of Hungarian mountaineers serving in the Austrian army; -- so
called from Pandur, a principal town in the region
from which they originally came. [Written also
pandoor.]
Her whiskered pandours and her fierce hussars.
Campbell.
Pan*dow"dy (?), n. A deep pie
or pudding made of baked apples, or of sliced bread and apples
baked together, with no bottom crust.
{ Pan"du*rate, Pan*du"ri*form
(?), } a. [L. pandura a
pandore + -form: cf. F.
panduriforme.] Obovate, with a concavity in
each side, like the body of a violin; fiddle-shaped; as, a
panduriform leaf; panduriform color markings of
an animal.
Pane (?), n. [F.
panne.] The narrow edge of a hammer head.
See Peen.
Pane, n. [OE. pan part,
portion of a thing, F. pan a skirt, lappet, part or
piece of a wall, side, fr. L. pannus a cloth, fillet,
rag; akin to E. vane. See Vane, and cf.
Panel, Pawn pledge.] 1. A
division; a distinct piece, limited part, or compartment of any
surface; a patch; hence, a square of a checkered or plaided
pattern.
2. One of the openings in a slashed garment,
showing the bright colored silk, or the like, within; hence, the
piece of colored or other stuff so shown.
3. (Arch.) (a) A compartment of
a surface, or a flat space; hence, one side or face of a
building; as, an octagonal tower is said to have eight
panes. (b) Especially, in
modern use, the glass in one compartment of a window sash.
4. In irrigating, a subdivision of an irrigated
surface between a feeder and an outlet drain.
5. (a) One of the flat surfaces, or
facets, of any object having several sides. (b)
One of the eight facets surrounding the table of a brilliant
cut diamond.
Paned (?), a. 1.
Having panes; provided with panes; also, having openings;
as, a paned window; paned window
sash. \'bdPaned hose.\'b8
Massinger.
2. (Mach.) Having flat sides or
surfaces; as, a six/paned nut.
Pan`e*gyr"ic (?), n. [L.
panegyricus, Gr. panhgyrico`s: cf. F.
pan\'82gyrique. See Panegyric,
a.] An oration or eulogy in praise of some
person or achievement; a formal or elaborate encomium; a
laudatory discourse; laudation. See Synonym of
Eulogy.
{ Pan`e*gyr"ic (?),
Pan`e*gyr"ic*al (?), } a.
[L. panegyricus, Gr. panhgyrico`s,
from / an assembly of the people, a high festival;
pa^, pa^n all + /, an assembly.]
Containing praise or eulogy; encomiastic; laudatory.
\'bdPanegyric strains.\'b8 Pope. --
Pan`e*gyr"ic*al*ly,
adv.
Some of his odes are panegyrical.
Dryden.
Pa*neg"y*ris (?), n. [NL., fr.
Gr. /. See Panegyric.] A festival; a public
assembly. [Obs.]
S. Harris.
Pan"e*gyr`ist (?), n. [L.
panegyrista, Gr. / one who attends a /: cf. / to
celebrate or attend a public festival, to make a set speech, esp.
a panegyric, in a public assembly. See Panegyric.]
One who delivers a panegyric; a eulogist; one who extols or
praises, either by writing or speaking.
If these panegyrists are in earnest.
Burke.
Pan"e*gy*rize (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Panegyrized
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Panegyrizing
(?).] [Gr. /. See
Panegyrist.] To praise highly; to extol in a
public speech; to write or deliver a panegyric upon; to
eulogize.
Pan"e*gy*rize, v. i. To indulge in
panegyrics.
Mitford.
Pan"e*gyr`y (?), n. A
panegyric. [Obs.]
Milton.
Pan"el (?), n. [Orig., a little
piece; OF. panel, pannel, F.
panneau, dim. of pan skirt, lappet, part or
piece of a wall, side. See 2d Pane.] 1.
(Arch.) A sunken compartment with raised margins,
molded or otherwise, as in ceilings, wainscotings, etc.
<-- p. 1036 -->
2. (Law) (a) A piece of
parchment or a schedule, containing the names of persons summoned
as jurors by the sheriff; hence, more generally, the whole
jury. Blackstone. (b) (Scots
Law) A prisoner arraigned for trial at the bar of a
criminal court. Burrill.
3. Formerly, a piece of cloth serving as a saddle;
hence, a soft pad beneath a saddletree to prevent chafing.
4. (Joinery) A board having its edges
inserted in the groove of a surrounding frame; as, the
panel of a door.
5. (Masonry) One of the faces of a hewn
stone.
Gwilt.
6. (Painting) A slab or plank of wood
upon which, instead of canvas, a picture is painted.
7. (Mining) (a) A heap of
dressed ore. (b) One of the districts divided
by pillars of extra size, into which a mine is laid off in one
system of extracting coal.
8. (Dressmaking) A plain strip or band,
as of velvet or plush, placed at intervals lengthwise on the
skirt of a dress, for ornament.
9. A portion of a framed structure between adjacent
posts or struts, as in a bridge truss.
Panel game, a method of stealing money in a
panel house. -- Panel house, a house of
prostitution in which the rooms have secret entrances to
facilitate theft by accomplices of the inmates. --
Panel saw, handsaw with fine teeth, -- used for
cutting out panels, etc. -- Panel thief, one
who robs in a panel house.
Pan"el (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Paneled (?)
or Panelled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Paneling or Panelling.] To
form in or with panels; as, to panel a
wainscot.<-- to put panels on (e.g. a wall) -->
Paneled back (Arch.), the paneled
work covering the window back. See Window
back.
Pan`el*a"tion (?), n. The act
of impaneling a jury. [Obs.] [Written
also panellation.]
Wood.
Pane"less (?), a. Without
panes.
To patch his paneless window.
Shenstone.
Pan"el*ing (?), n. A forming in
panels; panelwork. [Written also
panelling.]
Pan"el*work` (?), n.
(Arch.) Wainscoting.
Pan*eu"lo*gism (?), n. [See
Pan-, Eulogy.] Eulogy of everything;
indiscriminate praise. [R.]
Her book has a trace of the cant of
paneulogism.
National Rev.
Pan"ful (?), n.; pl.
Panfuls (#). [See 5th
Pan.] Enough to fill a pan.
Pang (?), n. [Prob. for older
prange. Cf. Prong.] A paroxysm of
extreme pain or anguish; a sudden and transitory agony; a throe;
as, the pangs of death.
Syn. -- Agony; anguish; distress. See Agony.
Pang, v. t. To torture; to cause to have
great pain or suffering; to torment. [R.]
Shak.
Pan*gen"e*sis (?), n.
[Pan- + genesis.]
(Biol.) An hypothesis advanced by Darwin in
explanation of heredity.
gemmules, which circulate freely throughout the system
and multiply by subdivision. These gemmules collect in the
reproductive organs and products, or in buds, so that the egg or
bud contains gemmules from all parts of the parent or parents,
which in development give rise to cells in the offspring similar
to those from which they were given off in the parent. The
hypothesis also assumes that these gemmules need not in all cases
develop into cells, but may lie dormant, and be transmitted from
generation to generation without producing a noticeable effect
until a case of atavism occurs.<-- ingenious, but wrong.
A hundred years later we are still only beginning to understand
the development process. -->
Pan`ge*net"ic (?), a.
(Biol.) Of or pertaining to pangenesis.
Pang"ful (?), a. Full of
pangs.
Richardson.
Pang"less, a. Without a pang;
painless.
Byron.
Pan"go*lin (?), n. [Malay
pang/lang.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one
of several species of Manis, Pholidotus,
and related genera, found in Africa and Asia. They are covered
with imbricated scales, and feed upon ants. Called also
scaly ant-eater.
Pan*goth"ic (?), a.
[Pan- + Gothic.] Of,
pertaining to, or including, all the Gothic races.
\'bdAncestral Pangothic stock.\'b8
Earle.
Pan`hel*len"ic (?), a. [See
Panhellenium.] Of or pertaining to all
Greece, or to Panhellenism; including all Greece, or all the
Greeks.
Pan*hel"len*ism (?), n. A
scheme to unite all the Greeks in one political body.
Pan*hel"len*ist, n. An advocate of
Panhellenism.
Pan`hel*le"ni*um (?), n. [NL.,
from Gr. /; /, /, all + / the Greeks.] (Gr.
Antiq.) An assembly or association of Greeks from all
the states of Greece.
Pan"ic (?), n. [L.
panicum.] (Bot.) A plant of the
genus Panicum; panic grass; also, the edible grain of
some species of panic grass.
Panic grass (Bot.), any grass of
the genus Panicum.
Pan"ic, a. [Gr. / of or pertaining to
/ Pan, to whom the causing of sudden fright was ascribed: cf.
F. panique.] Extreme or sudden and
causeless; unreasonable; -- said of fear or fright; as,
panic fear, terror, alarm. \'bdA
panic fright.\'b8
Dryden.
Pan"ic, n. [Gr. / (with or without /
fear): cf. F. panigue. See Panic,
a.] 1. A sudden, overpowering
fright; esp., a sudden and groundless fright; terror inspired by
a trifling cause or a misapprehension of danger; as, the
troops were seized with a panic; they fled in a
panic.
2. By extension: A sudden widespread fright or
apprehension concerning financial affairs.
Pan"ic*al (?), a. See
Panic, a. [Obs.]
Camden.
Pan"i*cle (?), n. [L.
panicula a tuft on plants, dim. of panus
the thread wound upon the bobbin in a shuttle; cf. Gr. /, /;
prob. akin to E. pane: cf. F. panicule. See
2d Pane.] (Bot.) A pyramidal form
of inflorescence, in which the cluster is loosely branched below
and gradually simpler toward the end.
<-- Illustr. of a panicle -->
Pan"i*cled (?), a. (Bot.)
Furnished with panicles; arranged in, or like, panicles;
paniculate.
{ Pan"ic-strick`en (?),
Pan"ic-struck` (?) }, a.
Struck with a panic, or sudden fear.
Burke.
{ Pa*nic"u*late (?),
Pa*nic"u*la`ted (?), } a.
[See Panicle.] (Bot) Same as
Panicled.
\'d8Pan"i*cum (?), n. [L.,
panic grass.] (Bot.) A genus of grasses,
including several hundred species, some of which are valuable;
panic grass.
Pan*id`i*o*mor"phic (?), a.
[Pan- + idiomorphic.]
(Geol.) Having a completely idiomorphic
structure; -- said of certain rocks.
Pan"ier (?), n. See
Pannier, 3. [Obs.]
Pan`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [L.
panis bread + -ficare (in comp.) to make:
cf. F. panification.] The act or process of
making bread.
Ure.
Pa"nim (?), n. See
Painim. [Obs.]
Milton.
Pan*is"lam*ism (?), n.
[Pan- + Islamism.] A desire
or plan for the union of all Mohammedan nations for the conquest
of the world.
Pa*niv"o*rous (?), a. [L.
panis bread + vorare to devour.]
Eating bread; subsisting on bread.
Pan*nade" (?), n. The curvet of
a horse.
Pan"nage (?), n. [OF.
pasnage, LL. pasnadium,
pastinaticum, fr. pastionare to feed on
mast, as swine, fr. L. pastio a pasturing, grazing.
See Pastor.] (O. Eng. Law) (a)
The food of swine in the woods, as beechnuts, acorns, etc.;
-- called also pawns. (b)
A tax paid for the privilege of feeding swine in the
woods.
Pan"na*ry (?), a. See
Panary.
Loudon.
Pan"nel (?), n. [See
Panel.] 1. A kind of rustic
saddle.
Tusser.
2. (Falconry) The stomach of a
hawk.
Ainsworth.
3. (Mil.) A carriage for conveying a
mortar and its bed, on a march.
Farrow.
Pan"nier (?), n. [F.
panier, fr. L. panarium a bread basket, fr.
panis bread. Cf. Pantry.] 1.
A bread basket; also, a wicker basket (used commonly in
pairs) for carrying fruit or other things on a horse or an
ass
Hudibras.
2. (Mil. Antiq.) A shield of basket work
formerly used by archers as a shelter from the enemy's
missiles.
3. A table waiter at the Inns of Court,
London.
4. A framework of steel or whalebone, worn by women
to expand their dresses; a kind of bustle.
Pan"niered (?), a. Bearing
panniers.
Wordsworth.
Pan"ni*kel (?), n. [See
Pan a dish.] The brainpan, or skull; hence,
the crest. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Pan"ni*kin (?), n. [Dim. of
pan a dish.] A small pan or cup.
Marryat. Thackeray.
Pan"nose` (?), a. [See
Pannus.] (Bot.) Similar in texture
or appearance to felt or woolen cloth.
\'d8Pan"nus (?), n. [L., cloth.
See 2d Pane.] (Med.) A very
vascular superficial opacity of the cornea, usually caused by
granulation of the eyelids.
Foster.
Pan`o*is"tic (?), a.
[Pan- + Gr. / an egg.]
(Zo\'94l.) Producing ova only; -- said of the
ovaries of certain insects which do not produce vitelligenous
cells.
Pan`om*phe"an (?), a. [L.
panomphaeus, Gr. /.] Uttering ominous or
prophetic voices; divining. [R.]
We want no half gods, panomphean Joves.
Mrs. Browning.
Pan"o*plied (?), a. Dressed in
panoply.
Pan"o*ply (?), n. [Gr. /;
/, /, all + / tool, implement, in pl., armor, arms.]
Defensive armor in general; a full suit of defensive
armor.
Milton.
We had need to take the Christian panoply, to put
on the whole armor of God.
Ray.
Pa*nop"ti*con (?), n. [NL. See
Pan-, and Optic.]
1. A prison so contructed that the inspector can
see each of the prisoners at all times, without being seen.
2. A room for the exhibition of novelties.
Pan`o*ra"ma (?), n. [NL., fr.
Gr. /, /, all + / that which is seen, a view, fr. / to
see. See Pan-, and Wary.]
1. A complete view in every direction.
2. A picture presenting a view of objects in every
direction, as from a central point.
3. A picture representing scenes too extended to be
beheld at once, and so exhibited a part at a time, by being
unrolled, and made to pass continuously before the
spectator.
{ Pan`o*ram"ic (?),
Pan`o*ram"ic*al (?), } a.
Of, pertaining to, or like, a panorama.
Panoramic camera. See under
Camera.
Pa*nor"pi*an (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Like, or pertaining to, the genus
Panorpa. -- n. Same as
Panorpid.
Pa*nor"pid (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) Any neuropterous insect of the genus
Panorpa, and allied genera. The larv\'91 feed on plant
lice.
Pan*phar"ma*con (?), n. [NL.
See Pan-, and Pharmacon.] A medicine
for all diseases; a panacea. [R.]
Pan`pres`by*te"ri*an (?), a.
[Pan- + Presbyterian.]
Belonging to, or representative of, those who hold
Presbyterian views in all parts of the world; as, a
Panpresbyterian council.
{ Pan`sclav"ic (?), Pan`sclav"ism
(?), Pan`sclav"ist, Pan`scla*vo"ni*an
(?) }. See Panslavic,
Panslavism, etc.
Pan"shon (?), n. An earthen
vessel wider at the top than at the bottom, -- used for holding
milk and for various other purposes. [Prov.
Eng.]
Halliwell.
Pan"sied (?), a. [From
Pansy.] Covered or adorned with
pansies. \'bdThe pansied grounds.\'b8
Darwin.
Pan`slav"ic (?), a.
[Pan- + Slavic.] Pertaining
to all the Slavic races.
Pan`slav"ism (?), n. A scheme
or desire to unite all the Slavic races into one
confederacy.
Pan`slav"ist (?), n. One who
favors Panslavism.
Pan`sla*vo"ni*an (?), a. See
Panslavic.
Pan*soph"ic*al (?), a. [See
Pansophy.] All-wise; claiming universal
knowledge; as, pansophical pretenders.
[R.]
John Worthington.
Pan"so*phy (?), n.
[Pan- + Gr. / wisdom, / wise: cf. F.
pansophie.] Universal wisdom; esp., a
system of universal knowledge proposed by Comenius (1592 --
1671), a Moravian educator. [R.]
Hartlib.
{ Pan*sper"ma*tist (?),
Pan"sper`mist (?), } n.
(Biol.) A believer in panspermy; one who rejects
the theory of spontaneous generation; a biogenist.
Pan`sper"mic (?), a.
(Biol.) Of or pertaining to panspermy; as,
the panspermic hypothesis.
Pan"sper`my (?), n.
[Pan- + Gr. / a seed.] (Biol.)
(a) The doctrine of the widespread distribution of
germs, from which under favorable circumstances bacteria,
vibrios, etc., may develop. (b) The doctrine
that all organisms must come from living parents; biogenesis; --
the opposite of spontaneous generation.
Pan*ste`re*o*ra"ma (?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. /, /, all + / solid + / a view.]
A model of a town or country, in relief, executed in wood,
cork, pasteboard, or the like.
Brande & C.
Pan"sy (?), n.; pl.
Pansies (#). [F.
Pens\'82e thought, pansy, fr. penser to
think, L. pensare to weigh, ponder. See
Pensive.] (Bot.) A plant of the
genus Viola (V. tricolor) and its blossom, originally
purple and yellow. Cultivated varieties have very large flowers
of a great diversity of colors. Called also
heart's-ease,
love-in-idleness, and many other quaint
names.
Pant (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Panted; p. pr.
& vb. n. Panting.] [Cf. F.
panteler to gasp for breath, OF. panteisier
to be breathless, F. pantois out of breath; perh. akin
to E. phantom, the verb prob. orig. meaning, to have
the nightmare.] 1. To breathe quickly or in a
labored manner, as after exertion or from eagerness or
excitement; to respire with heaving of the breast; to gasp.
Pluto plants for breath from out his cell.
Dryden.
2. Hence: To long eagerly; to desire
earnestly.
As the hart panteth after the water brooks.
Ps. xlii. 1.
Who pants for glory finds but short repose.
Pope.
3. To beat with unnatural violence or rapidity; to
palpitate, or throb; -- said of the heart.
Spenser.
4. To sigh; to flutter; to languish.
[Poetic]
The whispering breeze
Pants on the leaves, and dies upon the trees.
Pope.
Pant, v. t. 1. To breathe forth
quickly or in a labored manner; to gasp out.
There is a cavern where my spirit
Was panted forth in anguish.
Shelley.
2. To long for; to be eager after.
[R.]
Then shall our hearts pant thee.
Herbert.
Pant, n. 1. A quick breathing;
a catching of the breath; a gasp.
Drayton.
2. A violent palpitation of the heart.
Shak.
Pan"ta- (?). See Pan-.
Pan"ta*ble (?), n. See
Pantofle. [Obs.]
Pan"ta*cosm (?), n.
[Panta- + Gr. / universe.] See
Cosmolabe.
Pan"ta*graph (?), n. See
Pantograph.
Pan*tag"ru*el*ism (?), n. [From
Pantagruel, one of the characters of Rabelais.]
1. The theory or practice of the medical
profession; -- used in burlesque or ridicule.
2. An assumption of buffoonery to cover some
serious purpose. [R.]
Donaldson.
Pan`ta*let" (?), n. [Dim. of
pantal//n.] One of the legs of the
loose drawers worn by children and women; particularly, the lower
part of such a garment, coming below the knee, often made in a
separate piece; -- chiefly in the plural.
Pan`ta*loon" (?), n. [F.
pantalon, fr. It. pantalone, a masked
character in the Italian comedy, who wore breeches and stockings
that were all of one piece, from Pantaleone, the
patron saint of Venice, which, as a baptismal name, is very
frequent among the Venetians, and is applied to them by the other
Italians as a nickname, fr. Gr. /, lit., all lion, a Greek
personal name.] 1. Aridiculous character, or
an old dotard, in the Italian comedy; also, a buffoon in
pantomimes.
Addison.
The sixth age shifts
Into the lean and slippered pantaloon.
Shak.
2. pl. A bifurcated garment for a man,
covering the body from the waist downwards, and consisting of
breeches and stockings in one.
3. pl. In recent times, same as
Trousers.
Pan`ta*loon"er*y (?), n. 1.
The character or performances of a pantaloon;
buffoonery. [R.]
Lamb.
2. Materials for pantaloons.
Pan"ta*morph (?), n. That which
assumes, or exists in, all forms.
Pan`ta*mor"phic (?), a.
[Panta- + Gr. / form.] Taking all
forms.
Pan"ta*scope (?), n.
[Panta- + -scope.]
(Photog.) A pantascopic camera.
Pan`ta*scop"ic (?), a. Viewing
all; taking a view of the whole. See under Camera.
<-- p. 1037 -->
\'d8Pan`ta*stom"a*ta (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. /, /, all + /, /, mouth.]
(Zo\'94l.) One of the divisions of Flagellata,
including the monads and allied forms.
Pan*tech"ni*con (?), n. [NL.
See Pan-, and Technic.] A depository
or place where all sorts of manufactured articles are collected
for sale.
Pan*tel"e*graph (?), n.
[Pan- + telegraph.] See
under Telegraph.
Pant"er (?), n. One who
pants.
Congreve.
Pan"ter (?), n.[F.
panetier. See Pantry.] A keeper of
the pantry; a pantler. [Obs.]
Tyndale.
Pan"ter, n. [See Painter a
rope.] A net; a noose. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Pan`teu*ton"ic (?), a.
[Pan- + Teutonic.] Of or
pertaining to all the Teutonic races.
Pan"the*ism (?), n.
[Pan- + theism.] The
doctrine that the universe, taken or conceived of as a whole, is
God; the doctrine that there is no God but the combined force and
laws which are manifested in the existing universe;
cosmotheism.
Pan"the*ist, n. One who holds to
pantheism.
{ Pan`the*is"tic (?),
Pan`the*is"tic*al (?), } a.
Of or pertaining to pantheism; founded in, or leading to,
pantheism. -- Pan`the*is"tic*al*ly,
adv.
Pan`the*ol"o*gist (?), n. One
versed in pantheology.
Pan`the*ol"o*gy (?), n.
[Pan- + theology.] A system
of theology embracing all religions; a complete system of
theology.
Pan*the"on (?), n. [L.
pantheon, pantheum, Gr. / (sc. /), fr.
/ of all gods; /, /, all + / a god: cf. F.
panth\'82on. See Pan-, and
Theism.] 1. A temple dedicated to
all the gods; especially, the building so called at Rome.
2. The collective gods of a people, or a work
treating of them; as, a divinity of the Greek
pantheon.
Pan"ther (?), n. [OE.
pantere, F. panth\'8are, L.
panthera, Gr. /, prob. fr. Skr.
pundr\'c6ka a tiger.]
1. (Zo\'94l.) A large dark-colored
variety of the leopard, by some zo\'94logists considered a
distinct species. It is marked with large ringlike spots, the
centers of which are darker than the color of the body.
2. (Zo\'94l.) In America, the name is
applied to the puma, or cougar, and sometimes to the
jaguar.
<-- Illustr. of Panther (Felis leopardus, or pardus) -->
Panther cat (Zo\'94l.), the
ocelot. -- Panther cowry (Zo\'94l.),
a spotted East Indian cowry (Cypr\'91a
pantherina); -- so called from its color.
Pan"ther*ess, n. (Zo\'94l.) A
female panther.
Pan"ther*ine (?), a. Like a
panther, esp. in color; as, the pantherine snake
(Ptyas mucosus) of Brazil.
Pan"tile` (?), n. [5th pan
+ tile.] (Arch.) A roofing tile, of
peculiar form, having a transverse section resembling an
elongated S laid on its side (/).
Pant"ing*ly (?), adv. With
palpitation or rapid breathing.
Shak.
Pan`ti*soc"ra*cy (?), n.
[Panto- + Gr. / equal + / to rule.]
A Utopian community, in which all should rule equally, such
as was devised by Coleridge, Lovell, and Southey, in their
younger days.
Pan*tis"o*crat (?), n. A
pantisocratist.
Pan`ti*so*crat"ic (?), a. Of or
pertaining to a pantisocracy.
Pan`ti*soc"ra*tist (?), n. One
who favors or supports the theory of a pantisocracy.
Macaulay.
Pan"tler (?), n. [F.
panetier. See Panter, Pantry.]
The servant or officer, in a great family, who has charge of
the bread and the pantry. [Obs.]
Shak.
Pan"to- (?). See Pan-.
Pan`to*chro*nom"e*ter (?), n.
[Panto- + chronometer.] An
instrument combining a compass, sundial, and universal time
dial.
Brande & C.
Pan*to"fle (?), n. [F.
pantoufle.] A slipper for the foot.
[Written also pantable and
pantoble.]
Pan"to*graph (?), n.
[Panto- + -graph: cf. F.
pantographe.] An instrument for copying
plans, maps, and other drawings, on the same, or on a reduced or
an enlarged, scale. [Written also
pantagraph, and incorrectly
pentagraph.]
<-- 2. an electrical trolley supported by a collapsible frame,
resembling a pantograph (1). -->
Skew pantograph, a kind of pantograph for
drawing a copy which is inclined with respect to the original
figure; -- also called plagiograph.
{ Pan`to*graph"ic (?),
Pan`to*graph"ic*al (?) }, a.
[Cf. F. pantographique.] Of or
pertaining to a pantograph; relating to pantography.
Pan*tog"ra*phy (?), n. [Cf. F.
pantographie.] A general description;
entire view of an object.
Pan`to*log"ic*al (?), a. Of or
pertaining to pantology.
Pan*tol"o*gist (?), n. One
versed in pantology; a writer of pantology.
Pan*tol"o*gy (?), n.
[Panto- + -logy.] A
systematic view of all branches of human knowledge; a work of
universal information.
Pan*tom"e*ter (?), n.
[Panto- + -meter: cf. F.
pantom\'8atre.] An instrument for measuring
angles for determining elevations, distances, etc.
Pan*tom"e*try (?), n. Universal
measurement. [R.] --
Pan`to*met"ric (#), a.
[R.]
Pan"to*mime (?), n. [F., fr. L.
pantomimus, Gr. /, lit., all-imitating; /, /,
all + / to imitate: cf. It. pantomimo. See
Mimic.] 1. A universal mimic; an
actor who assumes many parts; also, any actor.
[Obs.]
2. One who acts his part by gesticulation or dumb
show only, without speaking; a pantomimist.
[He] saw a pantomime perform so well that he could
follow the performance from the action alone.
Tylor.
3. A dramatic representation by actors who use only
dumb show; hence, dumb show, generally.
4. A dramatic and spectacular entertainment of
which dumb acting as well as burlesque dialogue, music, and
dancing by Clown, Harlequin, etc., are features.
Pan"to*mime, a. Representing only in
mute actions; pantomimic; as, a pantomime
dance.
{ Pan`to*mim"ic (?),
Pan`to*mim"ic*al (?), } a.
[Cf. F. pantomimique.] Of or
pertaining to the pantomime; representing by dumb show.
\'bdPantomimic gesture.\'b8 Bp. Warburton. --
Pan`to*mim"ic*al*ly,
adv.
Pan"to*mi`mist (?), n. An actor
in pantomime; also, a composer of pantomimes.
Pan"ton (?), n. [F.
patin. See Patten.] (Far.)
A horseshoe to correct a narrow, hoofbound heel.
Pan*toph"a*gist (?), n. [See
Pantophagous.] A person or an animal that has
the habit of eating all kinds of food.
Pan*toph"a*gous (?), a. [Gr.
/; /, /, all + / to eat.] Eating all kinds of
food.
Pan*toph"a*gy (?), n. [Gr.
/.] The habit or power of eating all kinds of
food.
\'d8Pan*top"o*da (?), n. pl.
[NL. See Panto-, & -poda.]
(Zo\'94l.) Same as Pycnogonida.
Pan`to*scop"ic (?), a.
[Panto- + -scope +
-ic.] Literally, seeing everything; -- a
term applied to eyeglasses or spectacles divided into two
segments, the upper being designed for distant vision, the lower
for vision of near objects.<-- = bifocal -->
Pan"try (?), n.; pl.
Pantries (#). [OE.
pantrie, F. paneterie, fr.
panetier pantler, LL. panetarius baker,
panetus small loaf of bread, L. panis
bread. Cf. Company, Pannier,
Pantler.] An apartment or closet in which
bread and other provisions are kept.
Pan*ur"gic (?), a. [Cf. Gr. /
knavish.] Skilled in all kinds of work. \'bdThe
panurgic Diderot.\'b8
J. Morley.
Pan"ur*gy (?), n. [Gr. /, fr.
/, properly, ready to do anything; hence, knavish, roguish;
/, /, all + / work.] Skill in all kinds of work
or business; craft. [R.]
Bailey.
Pan"yard (?), n. See
Pannier. [Obs.]
Pepys.
Pa"nym (?), n. & a. See
Panim. [Obs.]
Pan*zo"ism (?), n.
[Pan- + Gr. / an animal.]
(Biol.) A term used to denote all of the elements
or factors which constitute vitality or vital energy.
H. Spencer.
\'d8Pa"o*lo (?), n. [It. Cf.
Paul.] An old Italian silver coin, worth
about ten cents.
Pap (?), n. [Cf. OSw.
papp. Cf. Pap soft food.]
1. (Anat.) A nipple; a mammilla; a
teat.
Dryden.
The paps which thou hast sucked.
Luke xi. 27.
2. A rounded, nipplelike hill or peak; anything
resembling a nipple in shape; a mamelon.
Macaulay.
Pap, n. [Cf. D. pap, G.
pappe, both perh. fr. L. papa,
pappa, the word with which infants call for food: cf.
It. pappa.] 1. A soft food for
infants, made of bread boiled or softtened in milk or
water.
2. Nourishment or support from official patronage;
as, treasury pap. [Colloq. &
Contemptuous]
3. The pulp of fruit.
Ainsworth.
Pap, v. t. To feed with pap.
Beau. & Fl.
Pa*pa" (?), n. [F.
papa, L. papa; cf. Gr. /, /, a child's
word meaning father. Cf. Pope.]
1. A child's word for father.
2. A parish priest in the Greek Church.
Shipley.
Pa`pa*bo"te (?), n. [Probably
of Creole origin.] (Zo\'94l.) The upland
plover. [Local, U. S.]
Pa"pa*cy (?), n. [LL.
papatia, fr. L. papa a father, bishop. See
Pope.] 1. The office and dignity of
the pope, or pontiff, of Rome; papal jurisdiction.
2. The popes, collectively; the succession of
popes.
3. The Roman Catholic religion; -- commonly used by
the opponents of the Roman Catholics in disparagement or in an
opprobrious sense.
Pap"a*gay (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) See Popinjay, 1
(b).
Pa*pa"in (?), n. [From
Papaw.] (Physiol. Chem.) A
proteolytic ferment, like trypsin, present in the juice of the
green fruit of the papaw (Carica Papaya) of tropical
America.
Pa"pal (?), a. [F., fr. L.
papa bishop. See Papacy.]
1. Of or pertaining to the pope of Rome; proceeding
from the pope; ordered or pronounced by the pope; as,
papal jurisdiction; a papal edict; the
papal benediction.
Milman.
2. Of or pertaining to the Roman Catholic
Church. \'bdPapal Christians.\'b8
Bp. Burnet.
Papal cross. See Illust. 3 of
Cross. -- Papal crown, the
tiara.
Pa"pal*ist (?), n. A
papist. [Obs.]
Baxter.
Pa*pal"i*ty (?), n. [LL.
papalitas: cf. F. papaut\'82.]
The papacy. [Obs.]
Ld. Berners. Milton.
Pa"pal*ize (?), v. t. To make
papal. [R.]
Pa"pal*ize, v. i. To conform to
popery.
Cowper.
Pa"pal*ly, adv. In a papal manner;
popishly
Pa"pal*ty (?), n. The
papacy. [Obs.]
Milton.
Pa`pa*pho"bi*a (?), n. [NL.,
fr. L. papa bishop + Gr. / to fear.]
Intense fear or dread of the pope, or of the Roman Catholic
Church. [R.]
Pa"par*chy (?), n. [L.
papa bishop + -archy.]
Government by a pope; papal rule.
\'d8Pa*pa"ver (?), n. [L.,
poppy.] (Bot.) A genus of plants, including
the poppy.
Pa*pav`er*a"ceous (?), a.
(Bot.) Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a
natural order of plants (Papaverace\'91) of which the
poppy, the celandine, and the bloodroot are well-known
examples.
Pa*pav"er*ine (?), n.
(Chem.) An alkaloid found in opium. It has a
weaker therapeutic action than morphine.
Pa*pav"er*ous (?), a. Of or
pertaining to the poppy; of the nature of the poppy.
Sir T. Browne.
Pa*paw" (?), n. [Prob. from the
native name in the West Indies; cf. Sp. papayo papaw,
papaya the fruit of the papaw.] [Written
also pawpaw.] 1. (Bot.)
A tree (Carica Papaya) of tropical America,
belonging to the order Passiflore\'91. It has a soft,
spongy stem, eighteen or twenty feet high, crowned with a tuft of
large, long-stalked, palmately lobed leaves. The milky juice of
the plant is said to have the property of making meat tender.
Also, its dull orange-colored, melon-shaped fruit, which is eaten
both raw and cooked or pickled.<-- juice contains papain, a
protease? -->
2. (Bot.) A tree of the genus
Asimina (A. triloba), growing in the
western and southern parts of the United States, and producing a
sweet edible fruit; also, the fruit itself.
Gray.
Pap"boat` (?), n. 1. A
kind of sauce boat or dish.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A large spiral East Indian
marine shell (Turbinella rapha); -- so called because
used by native priests to hold the oil for anointing.
Pape (?), n. [Cf. F.
pape, fr. L. papa. See
Pope.] A spiritual father; specifically, the
pope. [Obs.]
Pa"pe*jay (?), n. A
popinjay. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Pa"per (?), n. [F.
papier, fr. L. papyrus papyrus, from which
the Egyptians made a kind of paper, Gr. /. Cf.
Papyrus.] 1. A substance in the form
of thin sheets or leaves intended to be written or printed on, or
to be used in wrapping. It is made of rags, straw, bark, wood, or
other fibrous material, which is first reduced to pulp, then
molded, pressed, and dried.
2. A sheet, leaf, or piece of such substance.
3. A printed or written instrument; a document,
essay, or the like; a writing; as, a paper read
before a scientific society.
They brought a paper to me to be signed.
Dryden.
4. A printed sheet appearing periodically; a
newspaper; a journal; as, a daily paper.
5. Negotiable evidences of indebtedness; notes;
bills of exchange, and the like; as, the bank holds a large
amount of his paper.
6. Decorated hangings or coverings for walls, made
of paper. See Paper hangings, below.
7. A paper containing (usually) a definite
quantity; as, a paper of pins, tacks, opium,
etc.
8. A medicinal preparation spread upon paper,
intended for external application; as, cantharides
paper.
<-- insert table of paper trade names and sizes -->
In the manufacture of books, etc., a sheet, of whatever
size originally, is termed, when folded once, a folio;
folded twice, a quarto, or 4to; three
times, an octavo, or 8vo; four times, a
sextodecimo, or 16mo; five times, a
32mo; three times, with an offcut folded twice and set
in, a duodecimo, or 12mo; four times, with
an offcut folded three times and set in, a
24mo.
<-- p. 1038 -->
Paper is often used adjectively or in
combination, having commonly an obvious signification; as,
paper cutter or paper-cutter;
paper knife, paper-knife, or
paperknife; paper maker,
paper-maker, or papermaker;
paper mill or paper-mill; paper
weight, paper-weight, or paperweight,
etc.
Business paper, checks, notes, drafts, etc.,
given in payment of actual indebtedness; -- opposed to
accommodation paper. -- Fly paper,
paper covered with a sticky preparation, -- used for catching
flies. -- Laid paper. See under
Laid. -- Paper birch (Bot.),
the canoe birch tree (Betula papyracea). --
Paper blockade, an ineffective blockade, as by a
weak naval force. -- Paper boat
(Naut.), a boat made of water-proof paper. --
Paper car wheel (Railroad), a car wheel
having a steel tire, and a center formed of compressed paper held
between two plate-iron disks. Forney. -- Paper
credit, credit founded upon evidences of debt, such as
promissory notes, duebills, etc. -- Paper hanger,
one who covers walls with paper hangings. -- Paper
hangings, paper printed with colored figures, or
otherwise made ornamental, prepared to be pasted against the
walls of apartments, etc.; wall paper. -- Paper
house, an audience composed of people who have come in
on free passes. [Cant] -- Paper
money, notes or bills, usually issued by
government or by a banking corporation, promising payment of
money, and circulated as the representative of coin. --
Paper mulberry. (Bot.) See under
Mulberry. -- Paper muslin, glazed muslin,
used for linings, etc. -- Paper nautilus.
(Zo\'94l.) See Argonauta. --
Paper reed (Bot.), the papyrus. --
Paper sailor. (Zo\'94l.) See
Argonauta. -- Paper stainer, one who colors
or stamps wall paper. De Colange. -- Paper
wasp (Zo\'94l.), any wasp which makes a nest
of paperlike material, as the yellow jacket. -- Paper
weight, any object used as a weight to prevent loose
papers from being displaced by wind, or otherwise. --
Parchment paper. See Papyrine. --
Tissue paper, thin, gauzelike paper, such as is
used to protect engravings in books. -- Wall
paper. Same as Paper hangings, above.
-- Waste paper, paper thrown aside as worthless or
useless, except for uses of little account. -- Wove
paper, a writing paper with a uniform surface, not
ribbed or watermarked.<-- paper tiger, a person or
group that appears to be powerful and dangerous but is in fact
weak and ineffectual -->
Pa"per (?), a. Of or pertaining
to paper; made of paper; resembling paper; existing only on
paper; unsubstantial; as, a paper box; a
paper army.
Pa"per, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Papered(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Papering.] 1. To cover with
paper; to furnish with paper hangings; as, to paper
a room or a house.
2. To fold or inclose in paper.
3. To put on paper; to make a memorandum of.
[Obs.]
Pa"per*weight` (?), n. See
under Paper, n.
Pa"per*y (?), a. Like paper;
having the thinness or consistence of paper.
Gray.
Pa*pes"cent (?), a. [From
Pap soft food.] Containing or producing pap;
like pap. [R.]
Arbuthnot.
Pa"pess (?), n. [F.
papesse.] A female pope; i.
e., the fictitious pope Joan.
[Obs.]
Bp. Hall.
\'d8Pa`pe*terie" (?), n. [F.,
paper manufacture, fr. papier paper.] A
case or box containing paper and materials for writing.
Pa"phi*an (?), a. [L.
Paphius, Gr. /, from / the city Paphos.]
Of or pertaining to Paphos, an ancient city of Cyprus,
having a celebrated temple of Venus; hence, pertaining to Venus,
or her rites.
Pa"phi*an, n. A native or inhabitant of
Paphos.
\'d8Pa`pier"-ma`ch\'82" (?), n.
[F. papier m\'83ch\'82, lit., chewed or mashed
paper.] A hard and strong substance made of a pulp
from paper, mixed with sise or glue, etc. It is formed into
various articles, usually by means of molds.
\'d8Pa*pil"i*o (?), n. [L., a
butterfly.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of
butterflies.
Papilio
polyxenes, or asterias, and related
species.
Pa*pil`io*na"ceous (?), a.
1. Resembling the butterfly.
2. (Bot.) (a) Having a winged
corolla somewhat resembling a butterfly, as in the blossoms of
the bean and pea. (b) Belonging to that
suborder of leguminous plants (Papilionace\'91) which
includes the bean, pea, vetch, clover, and locust.
\'d8Pa*pil`i*o"nes (?), n. pl.
[NL. See Papilio.] (Zo\'94l.)
The division of Lepidoptera which includes the
butterflies.
\'d8Pa*pil`i*on"i*des (?), n. pl.
[NL.] (Zo\'94l.) The typical
butterflies.
Pa*pil"la (?), n.; pl.
Papill\'91 (#). [L., a nipple,
pimple.] Any minute nipplelike projection; as, the
papill\'91 of the tongue.
Pap"il*lar (?), a. [Cf. F.
papillaire.] Same as
Papillose.
Pap"il*la*ry (?), a. [Cf. F.
papillaire.] Of, pertaining to, or
resembling, a papilla or papill\'91; bearing, or covered with,
papill\'91; papillose.
Pap"il*late (?), v. t. & i. To
cover with papill\'91; to take the form of a papilla, or of
papill\'91.
Pap"il*late (?), a. Same as
Papillose.
Pa*pil"li*form (?), a.
[Papilla + -form.] Shaped
like a papilla; mammilliform.
\'d8Pap`il*lo"ma (?), n.; pl.
Papillomata (#). [NL. See
Papilla, and -Oma.] (Med.)
A tumor formed by hypertrophy of the papill\'91 of the skin
or mucous membrane, as a corn or a wart.
Quain.
Pap`il*lo"ma*tous (?), a.
(Med.) Of, pertaining to, or consisting of,
papillomata.
Pap"il*lose` (?), a. [Cf. F.
papilleux.] Covered with, or bearing,
papill\'91; resembling papill\'91; papillate; papillar;
papillary.
Pap"il*lote (?), n. [F., fr.
papillon a butterfly.] a small piece of
paper on which women roll up their hair to make it curl; a curl
paper.
Pap"il*lous (?), a. Papillary;
papillose.
Pa*pil"lu*late (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Having a minute papilla in the center
of a larger elevation or depression.
Pa"pi*on (?), n. [Prob. from
native name: cf. Sp. papion.]
(Zo\'94l.) A West African baboon
(Cynocephalus sphinx), allied to the chacma. Its color
is generally chestnut, varying in tint.
Pa"pism (?), n. [F.
papisme. See Pape, Pope.]
Popery; -- an offensive term.
Milton.
Pa"pist (?), n. [F.
papiste. See Pape, Pope.]
A Roman catholic; one who adheres to the Church of Rome and
the authority of the pope; -- an offensive designation applied to
Roman Catholics by their opponents.
{ Pa*pis"tic (?), Pa*pis"tic*al
(?), } a. [Cf. F.
papistique.] Of or pertaining to the Church
of Rome and its doctrines and ceremonies; pertaining to popery;
popish; -- used disparagingly. \'bdThe old
papistic worship.\'b8 T. Warton. --
Pa*pis"tic*al*ly, adv.
Pa"pist*ry (?), n. The doctrine
and ceremonies of the Church of Rome; popery.
[R.]
Whitgift.
Pa"pized (?), a. [From
Pape.] Conformed to popery.
[Obs.] \'bdPapized writers.\'b8
Fuller.
Pa*poose" (?), n. A babe or
young child of Indian parentage in North America.
Pap"pi*form (?), a.
(Bot.) Resembling the pappus of composite
plants.
Pap*poose" (?), n. Same as
Papoose.
Pappoose root. (Bot.) See
Cohosh.
Pap*pose" (?) a. (Bot.)
Furnished with a pappus; downy.
Pap"pous (?), a. (Bot.)
Pappose.
Pap"pus (?), n. [L., an old man
or grandfather; hence, a substance resembling gray hairs, Gr.
/.] (Bot.) The hairy or feathery
appendage of the achenes of thistles, dandelions, and most other
plants of the order Composit\'91; also, the scales, awns, or
bristles which represent the calyx in other plants of the same
order.
Pap"py (?), a. [From
Pap soft food.] Like pap; soft; succulent;
tender.
Ray.
Pap"u*an (?), a. Of or
pertaining to Papua.
Pap"u*ars (?), n. pl.; sing.
Papuan (/). (Ethnol.)
The native black race of Papua or New Guinea, and the
adjacent islands.
\'d8Pap"u*la (?), n.; pl.
Papul\'91 (#). [L.]
1. (Med.) A pimple; a small, usually
conical, elevation of the cuticle, produced by congestion,
accumulated secretion, or hypertrophy of tissue; a papule.
Quain.
2. (Zo\'94l.) One of the numerous small
hollow processes of the integument between the plates of
starfishes.
Pap"u*lar (?), a. 1.
Covered with papules.
2. (Med.) Consisting of papules;
characterized by the presence of papules; as, a
papular eruption.
Pap"ule (?), n.; pl.
Papules (/). Same as
Papula.
Pap"u*lose` (?), a.
(Biol.) Having papul\'91; papillose; as, a
papulose leaf.
Pap"u*lous (?), a. [Cf. F.
pap/leux.] Covered with, or characterized
by, papul\'91; papulose.
Pap`y*ra"ceous (?), a. [L.
papyraceus made of papyrus.]
Made of papyrus; of the consistency of paper; papery.
Pa*pyr"e*an (?), a. Of or
pertaining to papyrus, or to paper; papyraceous.
Pap"y*rine (?), n. [Cf. F.
papyrin made of paper. See Paper.]
Imitation parchment, made by soaking unsized paper in dilute
sulphuric acid.
Pa*pyr"o*graph (?), n.
[Papyrus + -graph.] An
apparatus for multiplying writings, drawings, etc., in which a
paper stencil, formed by writing or drawing with corrosive ink,
is used. The word is also used of other means of multiplying
copies of writings, drawings, etc. See Copygraph,
Hectograph, Manifold.
Pap`y*rog"ra*phy (?), n. The
process of multiplying copies of writings, etc., by means of the
papyrograph. -- Pap`y*ro*graph"ic
(#), a.
Pa*py"rus (?), n.; pl.
Papyri (#). [L., fr. Gr. /. See
Paper.] 1. (Bot.) A tall
rushlike plant (Cyperus Papyrus) of the Sedge family,
formerly growing in Egypt, and now found in Abyssinia, Syria,
Sicily, etc. The stem is triangular and about an inch
thick.
2. The material upon which the ancient Egyptians
wrote. It was formed by cutting the stem of the plant into thin
longitudinal slices, which were gummed together and
pressed.
3. A manuscript written on papyrus; esp.,
pl., written scrolls made of papyrus; as, the
papyri of Egypt or Herculaneum.
P\'83que (?), n. [F.
p\'83que.] See Pasch and
Easter.
Par (?), n. (Zo\'94l.)
See Parr.
Par, prep. [F., fr. L. per.
See Per.] By; with; -- used frequently in
Early English in phrases taken from the French, being sometimes
written as a part of the word which it governs; as,
par amour, or paramour; par cas, or
parcase; par fay, or
parfay.
Par (?), n. [L. par,
adj., equal. See Peer an equal.]
1. Equal value; equality of nominal and actual
value; the value expressed on the face or in the words of a
certificate of value, as a bond or other commercial paper.
2. Equality of condition or circumstances.
At par, at the original price; neither at a
discount nor at a premium. -- Above par, at a
premium. -- Below par, at a discount. --
On a par, on a level; in the same condition,
circumstances, position, rank, etc.; as, their pretensions
are on a par; his ability is on a par with his
ambition. -- Par of exchange. See under
Exchange. -- Par value, nominal
value; face value.
Par"a- (?). [Gr. / beside; prob. akin to
E. for- in forgive. Cf.
For-.] 1. A prefix signifying
alongside of, beside, beyond,
against, amiss; as parable,
literally, a placing beside; paradox, that which is
contrary to opinion; parachronism.
2. (Chem.) A prefix denoting:
(a) Likeness, similarity, or
connection, or that the substance
resembles, but is distinct from, that to
the name of which it is prefixed; as paraldehyde,
paraconine, etc.; also, an isomeric
modification. (b) Specifically: (Organ.
Chem.) That two groups or radicals substituted in the
benzene nucleus are opposite, or in the respective
positions 1 and 4; 2 and 5; or 3 and 6, as paraxylene;
paroxybenzoic acid. Cf. Ortho-, and
Meta-. Also used adjectively.
\'d8Pa*ra" (?), n. [Turk., fr.
Per. p\'berah a piece.] A piece of Turkish
money, usually copper, the fortieth part of a piaster, or about
one ninth of a cent.
Par`a*ban"ic (?), a. [Gr. /
to pass over.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or
designating, a nitrogenous acid which is obtained by the
oxidation of uric acid, as a white crystalline substance
(C3N2H2O3); -- also called oxalyl
urea.
Par"a*blast (?), n. [Cf. Gr.
/ to grow beside. See Para-, and
-blast.] (Biol.) A portion of the
mesoblast (of peripheral origin) of the developing embryo, the
cells of which are especially concerned in forming the first
blood and blood vessels.
C. S. Minot.
Par`a*blas"tic (?), a.
(Biol.) Of or pertaining to the parablast;
as, the parablastic cells.
Par"a*ble (?), a. [L.
parabilis, fr. parare to provide.]
Procurable. [Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
Par"a*ble, n. [F. parabole,
L. parabola, fr. Gr. / a placing beside or together,
a comparing, comparison, a parable, fr. / to throw beside,
compare; / beside + / to throw; cf. Skr. gal to
drop. Cf. Emblem, Gland, Palaver,
Parabola, Parley, Parabole,
Symbol.] A comparison; a similitude;
specifically, a short fictitious narrative of something which
might really occur in life or nature, by means of which a moral
is drawn; as, the parables of Christ.
Chaucer.
Declare unto us the parable of the tares.
Matt. xiii. 36.
Syn. -- See Allegory, and Note under
Apologue.
Par"a*ble, v. t. To represent by
parable. [R.]
Which by the ancient sages was thus parabled.
Milton.
Pa*rab"o*la (?), n.; pl.
Parabolas (#). [NL., fr. Gr. /;
-- so called because its axis is parallel to the side of the
cone. See Parable, and cf. Parabole.]
(Geom.) (a) A kind of curve; one of the
conic sections formed by the intersection of the surface of a
cone with a plane parallel to one of its sides. It is a curve,
any point of which is equally distant from a fixed point, called
the focus, and a fixed straight line, called the
directrix. See Focus. (b)
One of a group of curves defined by the equation y =
axn where n is a positive whole
number or a positive fraction. For the cubical
parabola n = 3; for the semicubical parabola n =
Cubical, and Semicubical.
The parabolas have infinite branches, but no rectilineal
asymptotes.
\'d8Pa*rab"o*le (?), n. [L.,
fr. Gr. /. See Parable.] (Rhet.)
Similitude; comparison.
{ Par`a*bol"ic (?),
Par`a*bol"ic*al (?), } a.
[Gr. / figurative: cf. F. parabolique. See
Parable.]
1. Of the nature of a parable; expressed by a
parable or figure; allegorical; as, parabolical
instruction.
2. [From Parabola.]
(Geom.) (a) Having the form or nature of
a parabola; pertaining to, or resembling, a parabola; as, a
parabolic curve. (b) Generated
by the revolution of a parabola, or by a line that moves on a
parabola as a directing curve; as, a parabolic
conoid.
Parabolic conoid, a paraboloid; a conoid whose
directing curve is a parabola. See Conoid. --
Parabolic mirror (Opt.), a mirror
having a paraboloidal surface which gives for parallel rays (as
those from very distant objects) images free from aberration. It
is used in reflecting telescopes. -- Parabolic
spindle, the solid generated by revolving the portion
of a parabola cut off by a line drawn at right angles to the axis
of the curve, about that line as an axis. -- Parabolic
spiral, a spiral curve conceived to be formed by the
periphery of a semiparabola when its axis is wrapped about a
circle; also, any other spiral curve having an analogy to the
parabola.
<-- p. 1039 -->
Par`a*bol"ic*al*ly (?), adv.
1. By way of parable; in a parabolic manner.
2. In the form of a parabola.
Par`a*bol"i*form (?), a.
[Parabola + -form.]
Resembling a parabola in form.
Pa*rab"o*lism (?), n. [From
Parabola.] (Alg.) The division of
the terms of an equation by a known quantity that is involved in
the first term. [Obs.]
Pa*rab"o*list (?), n. A
narrator of parables.
Pa*rab"o*loid (?), n.
[Parabola + -oid: cf. F.
parabolo\'8bde.] (Geom.) The
solid generated by the rotation of a parabola about its axis; any
surface of the second order whose sections by planes parallel to
a given line are parabolas.
paraboloid has sometimes been
applied also to the parabolas of the higher orders.
Hutton.
Par`a*bo*loid"al (?), a. Of,
pertaining to, or resembling, a paraboloid.
\'d8Par`a*bron"chi*um (?), n.;
pl. Parabronchia (#). [NL.
See Para-, Bronchia.] (Anat.)
One of the branches of an ectobronchium or
entobronchium.
Par`a*cel"si*an (?), a. Of,
pertaining to, or in conformity with, the practice of
Paracelsus, a Swiss physician of the 15th
century.
Ferrand.
Par`a*cel"si*an, n. A follower of
Paracelsus or his practice or teachings.
Hakewill.
Par`a*cel"sist (?), n. A
Paracelsian.
\'d8Par`a*cen*te"sis (?), n.
[L., fr. Gr. /, fr. / to pierce at the side, to
tap.] (Med.) The perforation of a cavity of
the body with a trocar, aspirator, or other suitable instrument,
for the evacuation of effused fluid, pus, or gas; tapping.
{ Par`a*cen"tric (?),
Par`a*cen"tric*al (?), } a.
[Pref. para- + centric,
-ical: cf. F. paracentrique.]
Deviating from circularity; changing the distance from a
center.
Paracentric curve (Math.), a curve
having the property that, when its plane is placed vertically, a
body descending along it, by the force of gravity, will approach
to, or recede from, a fixed point or center, by equal distances
in equal times; -- called also a
paracentric. -- Paracentric
motton velocity, the motion or
velocity of a revolving body, as a planet, by which it approaches
to, or recedes from, the center, without reference to its motion
in space, or to its motion as reckoned in any other
direction.
Par`a*chor"dal (?), a. [Pref.
para- + chordal.] (Anat.)
Situated on either side of the notochord; -- applied
especially to the cartilaginous rudiments of the skull on each
side of the anterior part of the notochord. --
n. A parachordal cartilage.
Pa*rach"ro*nism (?), n. [Pref.
para- + Gr. / time: cf. F.
parachronisme.] An error in chronology, by
which the date of an event is set later than the time of its
occurrence. [R.]
Par"a*chrose (?), a. [Gr. /
false coloring; / beside, beyond + / color.]
(Min.) Changing color by exposure
Mohs.
Par"a*chute (?), n. [F., fr.
paper to ward off, guard + chute a fall.
See Parry, and Chute, Chance.]
1. A contrivance somewhat in the form of an
umbrella, by means of which a descent may be made from a balloon,
or any eminence.<-- usu used for descending to the ground
from an airplane, for military operations (airborne troops), in
an emergency, or for sport (sky diving) -->
2. (Zo\'94l.) A web or fold of skin
which extends between the legs of certain mammals, as the flying
squirrels, colugo, and phalangister.
<-- parachutist; parachuting.
parachute = verb -->
Par"a*clete (?), n. [L.
paracletus, Gr. /, from / to call to one, to
exhort, encourage; / beside + / to call.] An
advocate; one called to aid or support; hence, the Consoler,
Comforter, or Intercessor; -- a term applied to the Holy
Spirit.
From which intercession especially I conceive he hath the name
of the Paraclete given him by Christ.
Bp. Pearson.
Par"a*close (?), n.
(Arch.) See Parclose.
Par`ac*mas"tic (?), a. [Gr.
/. See Para-, and Acme.]
(Med.) Gradually decreasing; past the acme, or
crisis, as a distemper.
Dunglison.
Par`a*con"ic (?), a. [Pref.
para- + aconitic.]
(Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an organic
acid obtained as a deliquescent white crystalline substance, and
isomeric with itaconic, citraconic, and mesaconic acids.
Par`a*co"nine (?), n. [Pref.
para- + conine.] (Chem.)
A base resembling and isomeric with conine, and obtained as
a colorless liquid from butyric aldehyde and ammonia.
\'d8Par`a*co*rol"la (?), n.
[Pref. para- + corolla.]
(Bot.) A secondary or inner corolla; a corona, as
of the Narcissus.
Par`a*cros"tic (?), n. [Pref.
para- + acrostic.] A poetical
composition, in which the first verse contains, in order, the
first letters of all the verses of the poem.
Brande & C.
Par`a*cy*an"o*gen (?), n.
[Pref. para- + cyanogen.]
(Chem.) A polymeric modification of cyanogen,
obtained as a brown or black amorphous residue by heating
mercuric cyanide.
Par`a*cy"mene, n. [Pref.
para- + cymene.] (Chem.)
Same as Cymene.
\'d8Par`a*dac"ty*lum, n.; pl.
Paradactyla (#). [NL. See
Para-, and Dactyl.] (Zo\'94l.)
The side of a toe or finger.
Pa*rade" (?), n. [F., fr. Sp.
parada a halt or stopping, an assembling for exercise,
a place where troops are assembled to exercise, fr.
parar to stop, to prepare. See Pare, v.
t.] 1. The ground where a military
display is held, or where troops are drilled.
2. (Mil.) An assembly and orderly
arrangement or display of troops, in full equipments, for
inspection or evolutions before some superior officer; a review
of troops. Parades are general, regimental, or private (troop,
battery, or company), according to the force assembled.
3. Pompous show; formal display or
exhibition.
Be rich, but of your wealth make no parade.
Swift.
4. That which is displayed; a show; a spectacle; an
imposing procession; the movement of any body marshaled in
military order; as, a parade of firemen.
In state returned the grand parade.
Swift.
5. Posture of defense; guard. [A
Gallicism.]
When they are not in parade, and upon their
guard.
Locke.
6. A public walk; a promenade.
Dress parade, Undress
parade. See under Dress, and
Undress. -- Parade rest, a position
of rest for soldiers, in which, however, they are required to be
silent and motionless. Wilhelm.
Syn. -- Ostentation; display; show. --
Parade, Ostentation. Parade is a
pompous exhibition of things for the purpose of display;
ostentation now generally indicates a
parade of virtues or other qualities for which one
expects to be honored. \'bdIt was not in the mere
parade of royalty that the Mexican potentates
exhibited their power.\'b8 Robertson. \'bdWe are dazzled
with the splendor of titles, the ostentation of
learning, and the noise of victories.\'b8
Spectator.
Pa*rade" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Paraded; p. pr.
& vb. n. Parading.] [Cf. F.
parader.] 1. To exhibit in a showy
or ostentatious manner; to show off.
Parading all her sensibility.
Byron.
2. To assemble and form; to marshal; to cause to
maneuver or march ceremoniously; as, to parade
troops.
Pa*rade", v. i. 1. To make an
exhibition or spectacle of one's self, as by walking in a public
place.
2. To assemble in military order for evolutions and
inspection; to form or march, as in review.
Par"a*digm (?), n. [F.
paradigme, L. paradigma, fr. Gr. /, fr.
/ to show by the side of, to set up as an example; / beside +
/ to show. See Para-, and Diction.]
1. An example; a model; a pattern.
[R.] \'bdThe paradigms and patterns of
all things.\'b8
Cudworth.
2. (Gram.) An example of a conjugation
or declension, showing a word in all its different forms of
inflection.
3. (Rhet.) An illustration, as by a
parable or fable.
{ Par`a*dig*mat"ic (?),
Par`a*dig*mat"ic*al (?), } a.
[Gr. /.] Exemplary. --
Par`a*dig*mat"ic*al*ly, adv.
[Obs.]
Par`a*dig*mat"ic, n. (Eccl. Hist.)
A writer of memoirs of religious persona, as examples of
Christian excellence.
Par`a*dig"ma*tize (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Paradigmatized
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Paradigmatizing
(?).] [Gr. /. See
Paradigm.] To set forth as a model or
example. [Obs.]
Hammond.
{ Par`a*di*sa"ic (?),
Par`a*di*sa"ic*al (?), } a.
Of or pertaining to, or resembling, paradise;
paradisiacal. \'bdParadisaical pleasures.\'b8
Gray.
Par"a*di`sal (?), a.
Paradisiacal.
Par"a*dise (?), n. [OE. & F.
paradis, L. paradisus, fr. Gr.
para`deisos park, paradise, fr. Zend
pairida an inclosure; pairi around
(akin to Gr. /) + diz to throw up, pile up; cf. Skr.
dih to smear, and E. dough. Cf.
Parvis.]
1. The garden of Eden, in which Adam and Eve were
placed after their creation.
2. The abode of sanctified souls after death.
To-day shalt thou be with me in paradise.
Luke xxiii. 43.
It sounds to him like her mother's voice,
Singing in Paradise.
Longfellow.
3. A place of bliss; a region of supreme felicity
or delight; hence, a state of happiness.
The earth
Shall be all paradise.
Milton.
Wrapt in the very paradise of some creative
vision.
Beaconsfield.
4. (Arch.) An open space within a
monastery or adjoining a church, as the space within a cloister,
the open court before a basilica, etc.
5. A churchyard or cemetery.
[Obs.]
Oxf. Gloss.
Fool's paradise. See under Fool, and
Limbo. -- Grains of paradise.
(Bot.) See Melequeta pepper, under
Pepper. -- Paradise bird.
(Zo\'94l.) Same as Bird of paradise.
Among the most beautiful species are the superb (Lophorina
superba); the magnificent (Diphyllodes
magnifica); and the six-shafted paradise bird (Parotia
sefilata). The long-billed paradise birds
(Epimachin\'91) also include some highly ornamental
species, as the twelve-wired paradise bird (Seleucides
alba), which is black, yellow, and white, with six long
breast feathers on each side, ending in long, slender filaments.
See Bird of paradise in the Vocabulary. --
Paradise fish (Zo\'94l.), a beautiful
fresh-water Asiatic fish (Macropodus viridiauratus)
having very large fins. It is often kept alive as an ornamental
fish. -- Paradise flycatcher
(Zo\'94l.), any flycatcher of the genus
Terpsiphone, having the middle tail feathers extremely
elongated. The adult male of T. paradisi is white,
with the head glossy dark green, and crested. --
Paradise grackle (Zo\'94l.), a very
beautiful bird of New Guinea, of the genus Astrapia,
having dark velvety plumage with brilliant metallic tints.
-- Paradise nut (Bot.), the sapucaia
nut. See Sapucaia nut. [Local, U. S.]
-- Paradise whidah bird. (Zo\'94l.)
See Whidah.
Par"a*dise (?), v. t. To affect
or exalt with visions of felicity; to entrance; to bewitch.
[R.]
Marston.
Par`a*dis"e*an (?), a.
Paradisiacal.
Par"a*dised (?), a. Placed in
paradise; enjoying delights as of paradise.
{ Par`a*dis"i*ac (?),
Par`a*di*si"a*cal (?), } a.
[L. paradisiacus.] Of or pertaining to
paradise; suitable to, or like, paradise. C.
Kingsley. T. Burnet. \'bdA paradisiacal
scene.\'b8
Pope.
The valley . . . is of quite paradisiac beauty.
G. Eliot.
{ Par`a*dis"i*al (?),
Par`a*dis"i*an (?), } a.
Paradisiacal. [R.]
Par`a*dis"ic (?), a.
Paradisiacal. [R.]
Broome.
Par`a*dis"ic*al (?), a.
Paradisiacal. [R.]
Par`a*dos (?), n.; pl.
Paradoses (#). [F., fr.
parer to defend + dos back, L.
dorsum.] (Fort.) An intercepting
mound, erected in any part of a fortification to protect the
defenders from a rear or ricochet fire; a traverse.
Farrow.
Par`a*dox (?), n.; pl.
Paradoxes (#). [F.
paradoxe, L. paradoxum, fr. Gr. /; /
beside, beyond, contrary to + / to think, suppose, imagine. See
Para-, and Dogma.] A tenet or
proposition contrary to received opinion; an assertion or
sentiment seemingly contradictory, or opposed to common sense;
that which in appearance or terms is absurd, but yet may be true
in fact.
A gloss there is to color that paradox, and make it
appear in show not to be altogether unreasonable.
Hooker.
This was sometime a paradox, but now the time gives
it proof.
Shak.
Hydrostatic paradox. See under
Hydrostatic.
Par"a*dox`al (?), a.
Paradoxical. [Obs.]
Par`a*dox"ic*al (?), a. 1.
Of the nature of a paradox.
2. Inclined to paradoxes, or to tenets or notions
contrary to received opinions.
Southey.
-- Par`a*dox"ic*al*ly, adv. --
Par`a*dox"ic*al*ness, n.
Par"a*dox`er (?), n.,
Par"a*dox`ist (/), n.
One who proposes a paradox.
\'d8Par`a*dox"i*des (?), n.
[NL.] (Paleon.) A genus of large
trilobites characteristic of the primordial formations.
Par`a*dox*ol"o*gy (?), n.
[Paradox + -logy.] The use
of paradoxes. [Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
Par`a*dox"ure (?), n. [Gr. /
incredible, paradoxical + / tail. So called because its tail is
unlike that of the other animals to which it was supposed to be
related.] (Zo\'94l.) Any species of
Paradoxurus, a genus of Asiatic viverrine mammals
allied to the civet, as the musang, and the luwack or palm cat
(Paradoxurus hermaphroditus). See
Musang.
Par"a*dox`y (?), n. 1.
A paradoxical statement; a paradox.
2. The quality or state of being paradoxical.
Coleridge
{ Par"af*fin (?), Par"af*fine
(?) }, n. [F.
paraffine, fr. L. parum too little +
affinis akin. So named in allusion to its chemical
inactivity.] (Chem.) A white waxy
substance, resembling spermaceti, tasteless and odorless, and
obtained from coal tar, wood tar, petroleum, etc., by
distillation. It is used as an illuminant and lubricant. It is
very inert, not being acted upon by most of the strong chemical
reagents. It was formerly regarded as a definite compound, but is
now known to be a complex mixture of several higher hydrocarbons
of the methane or marsh-gas series; hence, by extension, any
substance, whether solid, liquid, or gaseous, of the same
chemical series; thus coal gas and kerosene consist largely of
paraffins.
paraffin, but in commerce it is commonly spelt
paraffine.
Native paraffin. See Ozocerite.
-- Paraffin series. See Methane
series, under Methane.
Par"age, n. [F., fr. L. par,
adj., equal. Cf. Peerage, Peer an equal.]
1. (Old Eng. Law) Equality of condition,
blood, or dignity; also, equality in the partition of an
inheritance.
Spelman.
2. (Feudal Law) Equality of condition
between persons holding unequal portions of a fee.
Burrill.
<-- p. 1040 -->
3. Kindred; family; birth.
[Obs.]
Ld. Berners.
We claim to be of high parage.
Chaucer.
Par`a*gen"e*sis (?), n. [Pref.
para- + genesis.] (Min.)
The science which treats of minerals with special reference
to their origin.
Par`a*gen"ic (?), a. [Pref.
para- the root of / birth.] (Biol.)
Originating in the character of the germ, or at the first
commencement of an individual; -- said of peculiarities of
structure, character, etc.
Par`a*glob"u*lin (?), n. [Pref.
para- + globulin.] (Physiol.
Chem.) An albuminous body in blood serum, belonging to
the group of globulins. See Fibrinoplastin.
\'d8Par`a*glos"sa (?), n.; pl.
Paragloss\'91 (#). [NL., from Gr.
/ beside + / tongue.] (Zo\'94l.) One of
a pair of small appendages of the lingua or labium of certain
insects. See Illust. under Hymenoptera.
Par"ag*nath (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) Same as Paragnathus.
Pa*rag"na*thous (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Having both mandibles of equal length,
the tips meeting, as in certain birds.
\'d8Pa*rag"na*thus (?), n.; pl.
Paragnathi (#). [NL. See
Para-, and Gnathic.]
(Zo\'94l.) (a) One of the two lobes
which form the lower lip, or metastome, of Crustacea.
(b) One of the small, horny, toothlike jaws of
certain annelids.
\'d8Par`a*go"ge (?), n. [L.,
fr. Gr. /, from / to lead beside, protract; / beside + /
to lead.] 1. (Gram.) The addition
of a letter or syllable to the end of a word, as
withouten for without.
2. (Med.) Coaptation.
[Obs.]
Dunglison.
{ Par`a*gog"ic (?),
Par`a*gog"ic*al (?), } a.
[Cf. F. paragogique.] Of, pertaining
to, or constituting, a paragoge; added to the end of, or serving
to lengthen, a word.
Paragogic letters, in the Semitic languages,
letters which are added to the ordinary forms of words, to
express additional emphasis, or some change in the
sense.
Par"a*gon (?), n. [OF.
paragon, F. parangon; cf. It.
paragone, Sp. paragon,
parangon; prob. fr. Gr. / to rub against; / beside
+ / whetstone; cf. LGr. / a polishing stone.]
1. A companion; a match; an equal.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
Philoclea, who indeed had no paragon but her
sister.
Sir P. Sidney.
2. Emulation; rivalry; competition.
[Obs.]
Full many feats adventurous
Performed, in paragon of proudest men.
Spenser.
3. A model or pattern; a pattern of excellence or
perfection; as, a paragon of beauty or
eloquence.
Udall.
Man, . . . the paragon of animals !
Shak.
The riches of sweet Mary's son,
Boy-rabbi, Israel's paragon.
Emerson.
4. (Print.) A size of type between great
primer and double pica. See the Note under Type.
Par"a*gon, v. t. [Cf. OF.
paragonner, F. parangonner.]
1. To compare; to parallel; to put in rivalry or
emulation with. [Obs.]
Sir P. Sidney.
2. To compare with; to equal; to rival.
[R.]
Spenser.
In arms anon to paragon the morn,
The morn new rising.
Glover.
3. To serve as a model for; to surpass.
[Obs.]
He hath achieved a maid
That paragons description and wild fame.
Shak.
Par"a*gon, v. i. To be equal; to hold
comparison. [R.]
Few or none could . . . paragon with her.
Shelton.
Pa*rag"o*nite (?), n. [From Gr.
/, p. pr. of / to mislead.] (Min.) A
kind of mica related to muscovite, but containing soda instead of
potash. It is characteristic of the paragonite schist
of the Alps.
Par"a*gram (?), n. [Gr. /
that which one writes beside. See Paragraph.]
A pun.
Puns, which he calls paragrams.
Addison.
Par`a*gram"ma*tist (?), n. A
punster.
\'d8Pa`ra*gran"di*ne (?), n.
[It., from parare to parry + grandine
hail.] An instrument to avert the occurrence of
hailstorms. See Paragr/le.
Knight.
Par"a*graph (?), n. [F.
paragraphe, LL. paragraphus, fr. Gr. /
(sc. /) a line or stroke drawn in the margin, fr. / to write
beside; / beside + / to write. See Para-, and
Graphic, and cf. Paraph.] 1.
Originally, a marginal mark or note, set in the margin to
call attention to something in the text, e.
g., a change of subject; now, the character /,
commonly used in the text as a reference mark to a footnote, or
to indicate the place of a division into sections.
paragraph), the letter
being reversed, and the black part made white and the white part
black for the sake of distinctiveness.
2. A distinct part of a discourse or writing; any
section or subdivision of a writing or chapter which relates to a
particular point, whether consisting of one or many sentences.
The division is sometimes noted by the mark /, but usually, by
beginning the first sentence of the paragraph on a new line and
at more than the usual distance from the margin.
3. A brief composition complete in one
typographical section or paragraph; an item, remark, or quotation
comprised in a few lines forming one paragraph; as, a column
of news paragraphs; an editorial
paragraph.
Par"a*graph, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Paragraphed (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Paragraphing.]
1. To divide into paragraphs; to mark with the
character
2. To express in the compass of a paragraph;
as, to paragraph an article.
3. To mention in a paragraph or paragraphs
Par"a*graph`er (?), n. A writer
of paragraphs; a paragraphist.
{ Par`a*graph"ic (?),
Par`a*graph"ic*al (?), } a.
Pertaining to, or consisting of, a paragraph or
paragraphs. -- Par`a*graph"ic*al*ly,
adv.
Par"a*graph`ist (?), n. A
paragrapher.
Par`a*gra*phis"tic*al (?), a.
Of or relating to a paragraphist. [R.]
Beau. & Fl.
Pa*ra" grass` (?). (Bot.) A
valuable pasture grass (Panicum barbinode) introduced
into the Southern United States from Brazil.
\'d8Pa`ra`gr\'88le" (?), n.
[F., fr. parer to guard + gr\'88le
hail.] A lightning conductor erected, as in a
vineyard, for drawing off the electricity in the atmosphere in
order to prevent hailstorms. [France]
Knight.
Par`a*guay"an (?), a. Of or
pertaining to Paraguay. -- n. A
native or inhabitant of Paraguay.
Pa`ra*guay" tea" (?). See Mate,
the leaf of the Brazilian holly.
Par"ail (?), n. See
Apparel. [Obs.] \'bdIn the
parail of a pilgrim.\'b8
Piers Plowman.
Par"a*keet` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) Same as Parrakeet.
Par`a*lac"tic (?), a. [Pref.
para- + lactic.] (Physiol.
Chem.) Designating an acid called paralactic
acid. See Lactic acid, under
Lactic.
Par`al*bu"min (?), n. [Pref.
para- + albumin.] (Physiol.
Chem.) A proteidlike body found in the fluid from
ovarian cysts and elsewhere. It is generally associated with a
substance related to, if not identical with, glycogen.
Par*al"de*hyde (?), n. [Pref.
para- + aldehyde.] (Chem.)
A polymeric modification of aldehyde obtained as a white
crystalline substance.
\'d8Par`a*leip"sis (?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. /, fr. / to leave on one side, to omit;
/ beside + / to leave.] (Rhet.) A
pretended or apparent omission; a figure by which a speaker
artfully pretends to pass by what he really mentions; as, for
example, if an orator should say, \'bdI do not speak of my
adversary's scandalous venality and rapacity, his brutal conduct,
his treachery and malice.\'b8 [Written also
paralepsis, paralepsy,
paralipsis.]
\'d8Par`a*lep"sis (?), n.
[NL.] See Paraleipsis.
Pa*ra"li*an (?), n. [Gr. /
near the sea; / beside + / the sea.] A dweller by
the sea. [R.]
\'d8Par`a*li*pom"e*non (?), n. pl.
[L., fr. Gr. paraleipome`nwn of things omitted,
pass. p. pr. (neuter genitive plural) fr. / to omit.]
A title given in the Douay Bible to the Books of
Chronicles.
Paraleipome`nwn prw^ton and dey`teron,
which is understood, after Jerome's explanation, as meaning that
they are supplementary to the Books of Kings
W. Smith.
Par`a*lip"sis (?), n.
[NL.] See Paraleipsis.
{ Par`al*lac"tic (?),
Par`al*lac"tic*al (?), } a.
[Cf. F. parallactique.] Of or
pertaining to a parallax.
Par"al*lax (?), n. [Gr. /
alternation, the mutual inclination of two lines forming an
angle, fr. / to change a little, go aside, deviate; / beside,
beyond + / to change: cf. F. parallaxe. Cf.
Parallel.] 1. The apparent
displacement, or difference of position, of an object, as seen
from two different stations, or points of view.
2. (Astron.) The apparent difference in
position of a body (as the sun, or a star) as seen from some
point on the earth's surface, and as seen from some other
conventional point, as the earth's center or the sun.
Annual parallax, the greatest value of the
heliocentric parallax, or the greatest annual apparent change of
place of a body as seen from the earth and sun; as, the
annual parallax of a fixed star. --
Binocular parallax, the apparent difference in
position of an object as seen separately by one eye, and then by
the other, the head remaining unmoved. --
Diurnal, Geocentric,
parallax, the parallax of a body with
reference to the earth's center. This is the kind of parallax
that is generally understood when the term is used without
qualification. -- Heliocentric parallax, the
parallax of a body with reference to the sun, or the angle
subtended at the body by lines drawn from it to the earth and
sun; as, the heliocentric parallax of a
planet. -- Horizontal parallax, the
geocentric parallx of a heavenly body when in the horizon, or the
angle subtended at the body by the earth's radius. --
Optical parallax, the apparent displacement in
position undergone by an object when viewed by either eye singly.
Brande & C. -- Parallax of the cross
wires (of an optical instrument), their apparent
displacement when the eye changes its position, caused by their
not being exactly in the focus of the object glass. --
Stellar parallax, the annual parallax of a fixed
star.
Par"al*lel (?), a. [F.
parall\'8ale, L. parallelus, fr. Gr. /;
/ beside + / of one another, fr. / other, akin to L.
alius. See Allien.] 1.
(Geom.) Extended in the same direction, and in
all parts equally distant; as, parallel lines;
parallel planes.
Revolutions . . . parallel to the equinoctial.
Hakluyt.
2. Having the same direction or tendency; running
side by side; being in accordance (with); tending to the same
result; -- used with to and with.
When honor runs parallel with the laws of God and
our country, it can not be too much cherished.
Addison.
3. Continuing a resemblance through many
particulars; applicable in all essential parts; like; similar;
as, a parallel case; a parallel
passage.
Addison.
Parallel bar. (a) (Steam Eng.)
A rod in a parallel motion which is parallel with the working
beam. (b) One of a pair of bars raised about
five feet above the floor or ground, and parallel to each other,
-- used for gymnastic exercises. -- Parallel circles of
a sphere, those circles of the sphere whose planes are
parallel to each other. -- Parallel
columns, Parallels
(Printing), two or more passages of reading matter
printed side by side, for the purpose of emphasizing the
similarity or discrepancy between them. -- Parallel
forces (Mech.), forces which act in
directions parallel to each other. -- Parallel
motion. (a) (Mach.) A jointed
system of links, rods, or bars, by which the motion of a
reciprocating piece, as a piston rod, may be guided, either
approximately or exactly in a straight line.
Rankine. (b) (Mus.) The
ascending or descending of two or more parts at fixed intervals,
as thirds or sixths. -- Parallel rod
(Locomotive Eng.), a metal rod that connects the
crank pins of two or more driving wheels; -- called also
couping rod, in distinction from the
connecting rod. See Illust. of
Locomotive, in App. -- Parallel
ruler, an instrument for drawing parallel lines,
so constructed as to have the successive positions of the ruling
edge parallel to each other; also, one consisting of two movable
parts, the opposite edges of which are always parallel. --
Parallel sailing (Naut.), sailing on a
parallel of latitude. -- Parallel sphere
(Astron. & Geog.), that position of the sphere in
which the circles of daily motion are parallel to the horizon, as
to an observer at either pole. -- Parallel vise,
a vise having jaws so guided as to remain parallel in all
positions.
Par"al*lel (?), n. 1.
A line which, throughout its whole extent, is equidistant
from another line; a parallel line, a parallel plane, etc.
Who made the spider parallels design,
Sure as De Moivre, without rule or line ?
Pope.
2. Direction conformable to that of another
line,
Lines that from their parallel decline.
Garth.
3. Conformity continued through many particulars or
in all essential points; resemblance; similarity.
Twixt earthly females and the moon
All parallels exactly run.
Swift.
4. A comparison made; elaborate tracing of
similarity; as, Johnson's parallel between Dryden
and Pope.
5. Anything equal to, or resembling, another in all
essential particulars; a counterpart.
None but thyself can be thy parallel.
Pope.
6. (Geog.) One of the imaginary circles
on the surface of the earth, parallel to the equator, marking the
latitude; also, the corresponding line on a globe or map.
7. (Mil.) One of a series of long
trenches constructed before a besieged fortress, by the besieging
force, as a cover for troops supporting the attacking batteries.
They are roughly parallel to the line of outer defenses of the
fortress.
8. (Print.) A character consisting of
two parallel vertical lines (thus, \'d8) used in the text to
direct attention to a similarly marked note in the margin or at
the foot of a page.
Limiting parallels. See under Limit,
v. t. -- Parallel of altitude
(Astron.), one of the small circles of the sphere,
parallel to the horizon; an almucantar. -- Parallel of
declination (Astron.), one of the small
circles of the sphere, parallel to the equator. --
Parallel of latitude. (a) (Geog.)
See def. 6. above. (b) (Astron.)
One of the small circles of the sphere, parallel to the
ecliptic.
Par"al*lel, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Paralleled (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Paralleling (?).]
1. To place or set so as to be parallel; to place
so as to be parallel to, or to conform in direction with,
something else.
The needle . . . doth parallel and place itself
upon the true meridian.
Sir T. Browne.
2. Fig.: To make to conform to something else in
character, motive, aim, or the like.
His life is paralleled
Even with the stroke and line of his great justice.
Shak.
3. To equal; to match; to correspond to.
Shak.
4. To produce or adduce as a parallel.
[R.]
Locke.
My young remembrance can not parallel
A fellow to it.
Shak.
Par"al*lel, v. i. To be parallel; to
correspond; to be like. [Obs.]
Bacon.
Par"al*lel`a*ble (?), a.
Capable of being paralleled, or equaled.
[R.]
Bp. Hall.
Par"al*lel*ism (?), n. [Gr.
/, fr. / to place side by side, or parallel: cf. F.
parall\'82lisme.]
1. The quality or state of being parallel.
2. Resemblance; correspondence; similarity.
A close parallelism of thought and incident.
T. Warton.
3. Similarity of construction or meaning of clauses
placed side by side, especially clauses expressing the same
sentiment with slight modifications, as is common in Hebrew
poetry; e. g.: --
At her feet he bowed, he fell:
Where he bowed, there he fell down dead.
Judg. v. 27.
Par`al*lel*is"tic (?), a. Of
the nature of a parallelism; involving parallelism.
The antithetic or parallelistic form of Hebrew
poetry is entirely lost.
Milman.
Par"al*lel*ize (?), v. t. To
render parallel. [R.]
Par"al*lel*less, a. Matchless.
[R.]
Par"al*lel*ly, adv. In a parallel
manner; with parallelism. [R.]
Dr. H. More.
Par`al*lel"o*gram (?), n. [Gr.
/; / parallel + / to write: cf. F.
parall\'82logramme. See Parallel, and
-gram.] (Geom.) A right-lined
quadrilateral figure, whose opposite sides are parallel, and
consequently equal; -- sometimes restricted in popular usage to a
rectangle, or quadrilateral figure which is longer than it is
broad, and with right angles.
Parallelogram of velocities,
forces, accelerations, momenta,
etc. (Mech.), a parallelogram the diagonal
of which represents the resultant of two velocities, forces,
accelerations, momenta, etc., both in quantity and direction,
when the velocities, forces, accelerations, momenta, etc., are
represented in quantity and direction by the two adjacent sides
of the parallelogram.
Par`al*lel`o*gram*mat"ic (?), a.
Of or pertaining to a parallelogram; parallelogrammic.
<-- p. 1041 -->
{ Par`al*lel`o*gram"mic (?),
Par`al*lel`o*gram"mic*al (?), }
a. Having the properties of a
parallelogram. [R.]
Par`al*lel`o*pi"ped (?), n.
[Gr. / a body with parallel surfaces; / parallel + / a
plane surface, / on the ground, or level with it, level, flat;
/ on + / the ground: cf. F.
parall\'82lopip\'8ade.] (Geom.)
A solid, the faces of which are six parallelograms, the
opposite pairs being parallel, and equal to each other; a prism
whose base is a parallelogram.
Par`al*lel`o*pip"e*don (?), n.
[NL.] A parallelopiped.
Hutton.
Par`a*log"ic*al (?), a.
Containing paralogism; illogical.
\'bdParalogical doubt.\'b8
Sir T. Browne.
Pa*ral"o*gism (?), n. [Gr. /,
fr. / to reason falsely; / beside + / to reason, /
discourse, reason: cf. F. paralogisme.]
(Logic) A reasoning which is false in point of
form, that is, which is contrary to logical rules or formul\'91;
a formal fallacy, or pseudo-syllogism, in which the conclusion
does not follow from the premises.
Pa*ral"o*gize (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Paralogized
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Paralogizing
(?).] [Gr. /.] To reason
falsely; to draw conclusions not warranted by the premises.
[R.]
Pa*ral"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. /;
/ beside, beyond + / reason.] False reasoning;
paralogism.
Par"a*lyse (?), v. t. Same as
Paralyze.
Pa*ral"y*sis (?), n. [L., fr.
Gr. /, fr. / to loosen, dissolve, or disable at the side; /
beside + / to loosen. See Para-, and Loose,
and cf. Palsy.] (Med.) Abolition
of function, whether complete or partial; esp., the loss of the
power of voluntary motion, with or without that of sensation, in
any part of the body; palsy. See Hemiplegia, and
Paraplegia. Also used figuratively. \'bdUtter
paralysis of memory.\'b8
G. Eliot.
Mischievous practices arising out of the paralysis
of the powers of ownership.
Duke of Argyll (1887).
Par`a*lyt"ic (?), a. [L.
paralyticus, Gr. /: cf. F.
paralytique.] 1. Of or pertaining
to paralysis; resembling paralysis.
2. Affected with paralysis, or palsy.
The cold, shaking, paralytic hand.
Prior.
3. Inclined or tending to paralysis.
Paralytic secretion (Physiol.), the
fluid, generally thin and watery, secreted from a gland after
section or paralysis of its nerves, as the pralytic
saliva.
Par`a*lyt"ic, n. A person affected with
paralysis.
Par`a*lyt"ic*al (?), a. See
Paralytic.
Par`a*ly*za"tion (?), n. The
act or process of paralyzing, or the state of being
paralyzed.
Par"a*lyze (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Paralyzed
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Paralyzing
(?).] [F. paralyser. See
Paralysis.]
1. To affect or strike with paralysis or
palsy.
2. Fig.: To unnerve; to destroy or impair the
energy of; to render ineffective; as, the occurrence
paralyzed the community; despondency paralyzed
his efforts.
Par"am (?), n. (Chem.)
A white crystalline nitrogenous substance
(C2H4N4); -- called also
dicyandiamide.
Par`a*mag*net"ic (?), a. [Pref.
para- + magnetic.] Magnetic, as
opposed to diamagnetic. -- n.
A paramagnetic substance. Faraday. --
Par`a*mag*net"ic*al*ly (#),
adv.
Par`a*mag"net*ism (?), n.
Magnetism, as opposed to diamagnetism.
Faraday.
Par`a*ma*le"ic (?), a. [Pref.
para- + maleic.] (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or designating, an acid obtained from malic
acid, and now called fumaric acid.
[Obs.]
Par`a*ma"lic (?), a. [Pref.
para- + malic.] (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or designating, an organic acid metameric
with malic acid.
Par`a*mas"toid (?), a. [Pref.
para- + mastoid.] (Anat.)
Situated beside, or near, the mastoid portion of the
temporal bone; paroccipital; -- applied especially to a process
of the skull in some animals.
Par`a*mat"ta (?), n. [So named
from Paramatta, in Australia.] A light
fabric of cotton and worsted, resembling bombazine or
merino.
Beck (Draper's Dict.)
Par"a*ment (?), n. [Sp.
paramento, from parar to prepare, L.
parare.] Ornamental hangings, furniture,
etc., as of a state apartment; rich and elegant robes worn by men
of rank; -- chiefly in the plural. [Obs.]
Lords in paraments on their coursers.
Chaucer.
Chamber of paraments, presence chamber of a
monarch.
\'d8Pa`ra*men"to (?), n.
[Sp.] Ornament; decoration.
Beau. & Fl.
Par"a*mere (?), n. [Pref.
para- + -mere.] (Zo\'94l.)
One of the symmetrical halves of any one of the radii, or
spheromeres, of a radiate animal, as a starfish.
Pa*ram"e*ter (?), n. [Pref.
para- + -meter: cf. F.
param\'8atre.] 1. (a)
(Math.) A term applied to some characteristic
magnitude whose value, invariable as long as one and the same
function, curve, surface, etc., is considered, serves to
distinguish that function, curve, surface, etc., from others of
the same kind or family. Brande & C. (b)
Specifically (Conic Sections), in the ellipse and
hyperbola, a third proportional to any diameter and its
conjugate, or in the parabola, to any abscissa and the
corresponding ordinate.
parameter of the principal axis of a
conic section is called the latus rectum.
2. (Crystallog.) The ratio of the three
crystallographic axes which determines the position of any plane;
also, the fundamental axial ratio for a given species.
\'d8Par`a*me*tri"tis (?), n.
[NL. See Para-, and Metritis.]
(Med.) Inflammation of the cellular tissue in the
vicinity of the uterus.
Par`a*mi*og"ra*pher (?), n.
[Gr. / proverb + -graph + -er.] A
collector or writer of proverbs. [R.]
Par`a*mi"tome (?), n. [Pref.
para- + mitome.] (Biol.)
The fluid portion of the protoplasm of a cell.
\'d8Pa"ra*mo (?), n.; pl.
Paramos (#). [Sp.
p\'91ramo.] A high, bleak plateau or
district, with stunted trees, and cold, damp atmosphere, as in
the Andes, in South America.
Par"a*morph (?), n. [Pref.
para- + Gr. / form.] (Min.) A
kind of pseudomorph, in which there has been a change of physical
characters without alteration of chemical composition, as the
change of aragonite to calcite.
Par`a*mor"phism (?), n.
(Min.) The change of one mineral species to
another, so as to involve a change in physical characters without
alteration of chemical composition.
Par`a*mor"phous (?), a.
(Min.) Relating to paramorphism; exhibiting
paramorphism.
Par"a*mount (?), a. [OF.
par amont above; par through, by (L.
per) + amont above. See
Amount.] Having the highest rank or
jurisdiction; superior to all others; chief; supreme;
pre\'89minent; as, a paramount duty.
\'bdA traitor paramount.\'b8
Bacon.
Lady paramount (Archery), the lady
making the best score. -- Lord paramount, the
king.
Syn. Superior; principal; pre\'89minent; chief.
Par"a*mount, n. The highest or
chief.
Milton.
Par"a*mount`ly, adv. In a paramount
manner.
Par"a*mour (?), n. [F. par
amour, lit., by or with love. See 2d Par, and
Amour.] 1. A lover, of either sex; a
wooer or a mistress (formerly in a good sense, now only in a bad
one); one who takes the place, without possessing the rights, of
a husband or wife; -- used of a man or a woman.
The seducer appeared with dauntless front, accompanied by his
paramour
Macaulay.
2. Love; gallantry. [Obs.]
\'bdFor paramour and jollity.\'b8
Chaucer.
{ Par"a*mour`, Par"a*mours` (?)
}, adv. By or with love, esp. the love of
the sexes; -- sometimes written as two words.
[Obs.]
For par amour, I loved her first ere thou.
Chaucer.
Par*am"y*lum (?), n. [NL., fr.
Gr. / beside + / starch.] (Chem.) A
substance resembling starch, found in the green frothy scum
formed on the surface of stagnant water.
Par`a*naph"tha*lene (?), n.
[Pref. para- + naphthalene.]
(Chem.) Anthracene; -- called also
paranaphthaline. [Obs.]
\'d8Par`a*noi"a (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. /.] (Med.) Mental derangement;
insanity.
Par*an"thra*cene (?), n. [Pref.
para- + anthracene.]
(Chem.) An inert isomeric modification of
anthracene.
Par`a*nu"cle*us (?), n. [Pref.
para- + nucleus.] (Biol.)
Some as Nucleolus.
Pa*ra" nut` (?). (Bot.) The
Brazil nut.
Par"a*nymph (?), n. [L.
paranymphus, Gr. /; / beside, near + / a bride:
cf. F. paranymphe.]
1. (Gr. Antiq.) (a) A friend of
the bridegroom who went with him in his chariot to fetch home the
bride. Milton. (b) The bridesmaid
who conducted the bride to the bridegroom.
2. Hence: An ally; a supporter or abettor.
Jer. Taylor.
Par`a*nym"phal (?), a. Bridal;
nuptial. [R.]
At some paranymphal feast.
Ford.
Par`a*pec"tin (?), n. [Pref.
para- + pectin.] (Chem.)
A gelatinous modification of pectin.
Par"a*pegm (?), n. [L.
parapegma, Gr. /, fr. / to fix beside; / beside
+ / to fix: cf. F. parapegme.] An
engraved tablet, usually of brass, set up in a public
place.
Parapegms were used for the publication
of laws, proclamations, etc., and the recording of astronomical
phenomena or calendar events.
Par`a*pep"tone (?), n. [Pref.
para- + peptone.] (Phisiol.
Chem.) An albuminous body formed in small quantity by
the peptic digestion of proteids. It can be converted into
peptone by pancreatic juice, but not by gastric juice.
Par"a*pet (?), n. [F., fr. It.
parapetto, fr. parare to ward off, guard
(L. parare to prepare, provide) + petto the
breast, L. pectus. See Parry, and
Pectoral.]
1. (Arch.) A low wall, especially one
serving to protect the edge of a platform, roof, bridge, or the
like.
2. (Fort.) A wall, rampart, or elevation
of earth, for covering soldiers from an enemy's fire; a
breastwork. See Illust. of Casemate.
Par`a*pet"al*ous (?), a. [Pref.
para- + petal.] (Bot.)
Growing by the side of a petal, as a stamen.
Par"a*pet`ed, a. Having a parapet.
Par"aph (?), n. [F.
paraphe, parafe, contr. fr.
paragraphe.] A flourish made with the pen
at the end of a signature. In the Middle Ages, this formed a sort
of rude safeguard against forgery.
Brande & C.
Par"aph, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Paraphed (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Paraphing.] [Cf. F.
parapher, parafer.] To add a
paraph to; to sign, esp. with the initials.
\'d8Par`a*pher"na (?), n. pl.
[L.] (Rom. Law) The property of a
woman which, on her marriage, was not made a part of her dower,
but remained her own.
Par`a*pher"nal (?), a. [Cf. F.
paraphernal.] Of or pertaining to
paraphernalia; as, paraphernal property.
Kent.
Par`a*pher*na"li*a (?), n. pl.
[LL. paraphernalia bona, fr. L.
parapherna, pl., parapherna, Gr. /; / beside + /
a bride's dowry, fr. fe`rein to bring. See 1st
Bear.]
1. (Law) Something reserved to a wife,
over and above her dower, being chiefly apparel and ornaments
suited to her degree.
2. Appendages; ornaments; finery; equipments.
\'d8Par`a*phi*mo"sis (?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. /; / beyond + / to muzzle.]
(Med.) A condition in which the prepuce, after
being retracted behind the glans penis, is constricted there, and
can not be brought forward into place again.
Par`a*phos*phor"ic (?), a.
[Pref. para- + phosphoric.]
(Chem.) Pyrophosphoric. [Obs.]
\'d8Par`a*phag"ma (?), n.; pl.
Paraphragmata (#). [NL., fr. Gr.
/ beside + /, /, an inclosure.] (Zo\'94l.)
One of the outer divisions of an endosternite of
Crustacea. -- Par`a*phrag"mal
(#), a.
Par"a*phrase (?), n. [L.
paraphrasis, Gr. /, from / to say the same thing
in other words; / beside + / to speak: cf. F.
paraphrase. See Para-, and
Phrase.] A restatement of a text, passage, or
work, expressing the meaning of the original in another form,
generally for the sake of its clearer and fuller exposition; a
setting forth the signification of a text in other and ampler
terms; a free translation or rendering; -- opposed to
metaphrase.
In paraphrase, or translation with latitude, the
author's words are not so strictly followed as his sense.
Dryden.
Excellent paraphrases of the Psalms of David.
I. Disraeli.
His sermons a living paraphrase upon his
practice.
Sowth.
The Targums are also called the Chaldaic or Aramaic
Paraphrases.
Shipley.
Par"a*phrase, v. t. [imp. &
p. p. Paraphrased (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Paraphrasing (?).] To
express, interpret, or translate with latitude; to give the
meaning of a passage in other language.
We are put to construe and paraphrase our own
words.
Bp. Stillingfleet.
Par"a*phrase, v. i. To make a
paraphrase.
Par"a*phra`ser (?), n. One who
paraphrases.
Par`a*phra"sian (?), n. A
paraphraser. [R.]
Par"a*phrast (?), n. [L.
paraphrastes, Gr. /: cf. F.
paraphraste.] A paraphraser.
T. Warton.
{ Par`a*phras"tic (?),
Par`a*phras"tic*al (?), } a.
[Gr./: cf. F. paraphrastique.]
Paraphrasing; of the nature of paraphrase; explaining, or
translating in words more clear and ample than those of the
author; not literal; free. --
Par`a*phras"tic*al*ly,
adv.
\'d8Pa*raph"y*sis (?), n.; pl.
Paraphyses (#). [NL., fr. Gr. /
beside + / growth.] (Bot.) A minute
jointed filament growing among the archegonia and antheridia of
mosses, or with the spore cases, etc., of other flowerless
plants.
{ \'d8Par`a*ple"gi*a (?),
Par"a*ple`gy (?), } n.
[NL. paraplegia, fr. Gr. / hemiplegia, fr. /
to strike at the side; / beside + / to strike: cf. F.
parapl\'82gie.] (Med.) Palsy of
the lower half of the body on both sides, caused usually by
disease of the spinal cord. --
Par`a*pleg"ic (#),
a.
\'d8Par`a*pleu"ra (?), n.; pl.
Parapleur\'91 (#). [NL. See
Para-, and 2d Pleura.]
(Zo\'94l.) A chitinous piece between the
metasternum and the pleuron of certain insects.
\'d8Par`a*po"di*um (?), n.; pl.
Parapodia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. /
beside + /, dim. of / foot.] (Zo\'94l.)
One of the lateral appendages of an annelid; -- called also
foot tubercle.
notopodium, and a ventral
part, or neuropodium, are distinguished.
Par`a*poph"y*sis (?), n.; pl.
Parapophyses (#). [NL. See
Para-, and Apophysis.] (Anat.)
The ventral transverse, or capitular, process of a vertebra.
See Vertebra. --
Par*ap`o*phys"ic*al (#),
a.
\'d8Pa*rap"te*rum (?), n.; pl.
Paraptera (#). [NL. See
Para-, and Pteron.] (Zo\'94l.)
A special plate situated on the sides of the mesothorax and
metathorax of certain insects.
{ Par`a*quet" (?), Par`a*qui"to
(?), } n. [See
Paroquet.] (Zo\'94l.) See
Parrakeet.
Par"a*sang (?), n. [L.
parasanga, Gr. /, from Old Persian; cf. Per.
farsang.] A Persian measure of length,
which, according to Herodotus and Xenophon, was thirty stadia, or
somewhat more than three and a half miles. The measure varied in
different times and places, and, as now used, is estimated at
from three and a half to four English miles.
\'d8Par`a*sce"ni*um (?), n.;
pl. Parascenia (#). [NL., fr.
Gr. /; / beside + / stage.] (Greek & Rom.
Antiq.) One of two apartments adjoining the stage,
probably used as robing rooms.
\'d8Par`a*sce"ve (?), n. [L.,
from Gr. /, lit., preparation.] 1. Among
the Jews, the evening before the Sabbath.
[Obs.]
Mark xv. 42 (Douay ver.)
2. A preparation. [R.]
Donne.
Par`a*sche*mat"ic (?), a. [Gr.
/ to change from the true form.] Of or pertaining to
a change from the right form, as in the formation of a word from
another by a change of termination, gender, etc.
Max M\'81ller.
\'d8Par`a*se*le"ne (?), n.; pl.
Paraselen\'91 (#). [NL., from Gr.
/ beside + / the moon: cf. F.
paras\'82l\'8ane.] (Meteor.) A
mock moon; an image of the moon which sometimes appears at the
point of intersection of two lunar halos. Cf.
Parhelion.
\'d8Par`a*si"ta (?), n. pl.
[NL.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) An
artificial group formerly made for parasitic insects, as lice,
ticks, mites, etc. (b) A division of copepod
Crustacea, having a sucking mouth, as the lerneans. They are
mostly parasites on fishes. Called also
Siphonostomata.
<-- p. 1042 -->
Par"a*si`tal (?), a. (Bot. &
Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to parasites;
parasitic.
Par"a*site (?), n. [F., fr. L.
parasitus, Gr. /, lit., eating beside, or at the
table of, another; / beside + / to feed, from / wheat,
grain, food.]
1. One who frequents the tables of the rich, or who
lives at another's expense, and earns his welcome by flattery; a
hanger-on; a toady; a sycophant.
Thou, with trembling fear,
Or like a fawning parasite, obey'st.
Milton.
Parasites were called such smell-feasts as would
seek to be free guests at rich men's tables.
Udall.
2. (Bot.) (a) A plant obtaining
nourishment immediately from other plants to which it attaches
itself, and whose juices it absorbs; -- sometimes, but
erroneously, called epiphyte. (b)
A plant living on or within an animal, and supported at its
expense, as many species of fungi of the genus
Torrubia.
3. (Zo\'94l.) (a) An animal
which lives during the whole or part of its existence on or in
the body of some other animal, feeding upon its food, blood, or
tissues, as lice, tapeworms, etc. (b) An
animal which steals the food of another, as the parasitic
jager. (c) An animal which habitually uses
the nest of another, as the cowbird and the European
cuckoo.
{ Par`a*sit"ic (?),
Par`a*sit"ic*al (?), } a.
[L. parasiticus, Gr. /: cf. F.
parasitique.]
1. Of the nature of a parasite; fawning for food or
favors; sycophantic. \'bdParasitic
preachers.\'b8
Milton.
2. (Bot. & Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to
parasites; living on, or deriving nourishment from, some other
living animal or plant. See Parasite, 2 & 3.
Parasitic gull, Parasitic
jager. (Zo\'94l.) See
Jager.
-- Par`a*sit"ic*al*ly, adv. --
Par`a*sit"ic*al*ness, n.
Par`a*sit"i*cide (?), n.
[Parasite + L. caedere to kill.]
Anything used to destroy parasites.
Quain.
Par"a*si`tism (?), n. [Cf. F.
parasitisme.]
1. The state or behavior of a parasite; the act of
a parasite. \'bdCourt parasitism.\'b8
Milton.
2. (Bot. & Zo\'94l.)The state of being
parasitic.
Par"a*sol` (?), n. [F., fr. Sp.
or Pg. parasol, or It. parasole; It.
parare to ward off, Sp. & Pg. parar (L.
parare to prepare) + It. sole sun, Sp. &
Pg. sol (L. sol). See Parry,
Solar.] A kind of small umbrella used by
women as a protection from the sun.
Par"a*sol`, v. t. To shade as with a
parasol. [R.]
Par`a*sol*ette" (?), n. A small
parasol.
Par`a*sphe"noid (?), a. [Pref.
para- + sphenoid.] (Anat.)
Near the sphenoid bone; -- applied especially to a bone
situated immediately beneath the sphenoid in the base of the
skull in many animals. -- n. The
parasphenoid bone.
Pa*ras"ti*chy (?), n. [Pref.
para- + Gr. / a row.] (Bot.) A
secondary spiral in phyllotaxy, as one of the evident spirals in
a pine cone.
\'d8Par`a*syn*ax"is (?), n.
[L., fr. Gr. /, from / to assemble illegally or
secretly.] (Civil Law) An unlawful
meeting.
Par`a*syn*thet"ic (?), a. [Gr.
/. See Para-, and Synthetic.]
Formed from a compound word.
\'bdParasynthetic derivatives.\'b8
Dr. Murray.
Par`a*tac"tic (?), a.
(Gram.) Of pertaining to, or characterized by,
parataxis.
\'d8Par`a*tax"is (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. / a placing beside, fr. / to place beside.]
(Gram.) The mere ranging of propositions one
after another, without indicating their connection or
interdependence; -- opposed to syntax.
Brande & C.
\'d8Pa*rath"e*sis (?), n.; pl.
Paratheses (#). [NL., from Gr. /
a putting beside, from / to put beside.]
1. (Gram.) The placing of two or more
nouns in the same case; apposition.
2. (Rhet.) A parenthetical notice,
usually of matter to be afterward expanded.
Smart.
3. (Print.) The matter contained within
brackets.
4. (Eccl.) A commendatory prayer.
Shipley.
Par`a*thet"ic (?), a. Of or
pertaining to parathesis.
\'d8Pa`ra`ton`nerre" (?), n.
[F., fr. parer to parry + tonnerre
thunderbolt.] A conductor of lightning; a lightning
rod.
Par*aun"ter (?), adv.
[Par + aunter.]
Peradventure. See Paraventure.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
\'d8Pa*rauque" (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A bird (Nyctidromus
albicollis) ranging from Texas to South America. It is
allied to the night hawk and goatsucker.
Par`a*vail" (?), a. [OF.
par aval below; par through (L.
per) + aval down; a- (L.
ad) + val (L. vallis) a valley.
Cf. Paramount.] (Eng. Law) At the
bottom; lowest.
Cowell.
paravail is the
lowest tenant of the fee, or he who is immediate tenant to one
who holds over of another.
Wharton.
{ Par"a*vant` (?), Par"a*vant`
(?), } adv. [OF. par
avant. See Par, and lst Avaunt.]
1. In front; publicly. [Obs.]
Spenser.
2. Beforehand; first. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Par`a*ven"ture (?), adv.
[Par + aventure.]
Peradventure; perchance. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Par`a*xan"thin (?), n. [Pref.
Para- + xanthin.] (Physiol.
Chem.) A crystalline substance closely related to
xanthin, present in small quantity in urine.
Par*ax"i*al (?), a. [Pref.
para- + axial.] (Anat.)
On either side of the axis of the skeleton.
Par`a*xy"lene (?), n.
(Chem.) A hydrocarbon of the aromatic series
obtained as a colorless liquid by the distillation of camphor
with zinc chloride. It is one of the three metamers of xylene.
Cf. Metamer, and Xylene.
Par"boil` (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Parboiled
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Parboiling.] [OE. parboilen,
OF. parbouillir to cook well; par through
(see Par) + bouillir to boil, L.
bullire. The sense has been influenced by E.
part. See lst Boil.] 1.
To boil or cook thoroughly. [Obs.]
B. Jonson.
2. To boil in part; to cook partially by
boiling.<-- the only def. in MW10. Also, used figuratively
for "do (something) partly, incompletely" -->
Par"break` (?), v. i. & t.
[Par + break.] To throw
out; to vomit. [Obs.]
Skelton.
Par"break`, n. Vomit.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
Par"buc`kle (?), n. (a)
A kind of purchase for hoisting or lowering a cylindrical
burden, as a cask. The middle of a long rope is made fast aloft,
and both parts are looped around the object, which rests in the
loops, and rolls in them as the ends are hauled up or payed
out. (b) A double sling made of a single
rope, for slinging a cask, gun, etc.
Par"buc`kle, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Parbuckled (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Parbuckling (?).] To
hoist or lower by means of a parbuckle.
Totten.
Par"c\'91 (?), n. pl.
[L.] The Fates. See Fate, 4.
Par*case" (?), adv.
[Par + case.] Perchance; by
chance. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Par"cel (?), n. [F.
parcelle a small part, fr. (assumed) LL.
particella, dim. of L. pars. See
Part, n., and cf. Particle.]
1. A portion of anything taken separately; a
fragment of a whole; a part. [Archaic] \'bdA
parcel of her woe.\'b8
Chaucer.
Two parcels of the white of an egg.
Arbuthnot.
The parcels of the nation adopted different forms
of self-government.
J. A. Symonds.
2. (Law) A part; a portion; a piece;
as, a certain piece of land is part and parcel of
another piece.
3. An indiscriminate or indefinite number, measure,
or quantity; a collection; a group.
This youthful parcel
Of noble bachelors stand at my disposing.
Shak.
4. A number or quantity of things put up together;
a bundle; a package; a packet.
'Tis like a parcel sent you by the stage.
Cowper.
Bill of parcels. See under 6th
Bill. -- Parcel office, an office
where parcels are received for keeping or forwarding and
delivery. -- Parcel post, that department of
the post office concerned with the collection and transmission of
parcels. -- Part and parcel. See under
Part.
Par"cel, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Parceled (?) or Parcelled;
p. pr. & vb. n. Parceling or
Parcelling.]
1. To divide and distribute by parts or portions;
-- often with out or into. \'bdTheir
woes are parceled, mine are general.\'b8
Shak.
These ghostly kings would parcel out my power.
Dryden.
The broad woodland parceled into farms.
Tennyson.
2. To add a parcel or item to; to itemize.
[R.]
That mine own servant should
Parcel the sum of my disgraces by
Addition of his envy.
Shak.
3. To make up into a parcel; as, to
parcel a customer's purchases; the machine
parcels yarn, wool, etc.
To parcel a rope (Naut.), to wind
strips of tarred canvas tightly arround it. Totten.
-- To parcel a seam (Naut.), to cover
it with a strip of tarred canvas.
Par"cel, a. & adv. Part or half; in
part; partially. Shak. [Sometimes hyphened with the word
following.]
The worthy dame was parcel-blind.
Sir W. Scott.
One that . . . was parcel-bearded [partially
bearded].
Tennyson.
Parcel poet, a half poet; a poor poet.
[Obs.]
B. Jonson.
Par"cel*ing, n. [Written also
parcelling.]
1. The act of dividing and distributing in portions
or parts.
2. (Naut.) Long, narrow slips of canvas
daubed with tar and wound about a rope like a bandage, before it
is served; used, also, in mousing on the stayes, etc.
Par"cel-mele` (?), adv. [See
Parcel, and Meal a part.] By parcels
or parts. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Par"ce*na*ry (?), n. [See
Parcener, partner.] (Law)
The holding or occupation of an inheritable estate which
descends from the ancestor to two or more persons;
coheirship.
joint
tenancy, which is created by deed or devise. In the United
States there is no essential distinction between parcenary and
tenancy in common.
Wharton. Kent.
Par"ce*ner (?), n. [Of.
par/onnier, parsonnier, fr.
parzon, par/un, parcion, part,
portion, fr. L. partitio a division. See
Partition, and cf. Partner.]
(Law) A coheir, or one of two or more persons to
whom an estate of inheritance descends jointly, and by whom it is
held as one estate.
Parch (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Parched
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Parching.] [OE. perchen to
pierce, hence used of a piercing heat or cold, OF.
perchier, another form of percier, F.
percer. See Pierce.] 1.
To burn the surface of; to scorch; to roast over the fire,
as dry grain; as, to parch the skin; to
parch corn.
Ye shall eat neither bread, nor parched corn.
Lev. xxiii. 14.
2. To dry to extremity; to shrivel with heat;
as, the mouth is parched from fever.
The ground below is parched.
Dryden.
Parch, v. i. To become scorched or
superficially burnt; to be very dry. \'bdParch
in Afric sun.\'b8
Shak.
Parch"ed*ness, n. The state of being
parched.
Par*che"si (?), n. See
Pachisi.
Parch"ing (?), a. Scorching;
burning; drying. \'bdSummer's parching heat.\'b8
Shak. -- Parch"ing*ly,
adv.
Parch"ment (?), n. [OE.
parchemin, perchemin, F.
parchemin, LL. pergamenum, L.
pergamena, pergamina, fr. L.
Pergamenus of or belonging to Pergamus an
ancient city of Mysia in Asia Minor, where parchment was first
used.] 1. The skin of a lamb, sheep, goat,
young calf, or other animal, prepared for writing on. See
Vellum.
But here's a parchment with the seal of
C\'91sar.
Shak.
2. The envelope of the coffee grains, inside the
pulp.
Parchment paper. See
Papyrine.
Par"ci*ty (?), n. [L.
parcitas, fr. parcus sparing.]
Sparingless. [Obs.]
Par"close (?), n. [OF. See
Perclose.] (Eccl. Arch.) A screen
separating a chapel from the body of the church.
[Written also paraclose and
perclose.]
Hook.
Pard (?), n. [L.
pardus, Gr. /; cf. Skr. p/d\'beku
tiger, panther.] (Zo\'94l.) A leopard; a
panther.
And more pinch-spotted make them
Than pard or cat o'mountain.
Shak.
Par"dale (?), n. [L.
pardalis, Gr. /. Cf. Pard.]
(Zo\'94l.) A leopard. [Obs.]
Spenser.
{ Par*de" (?), Par*die"
(?) }, adv. [F.
pardi, for par Dieu by God.]
Certainly; surely; truly; verily; -- originally an
oath. [Written also pardee,
pardieux, perdie, etc.]
[Obs.]
He was, parde, an old fellow of yours.
Chaucer.
Par"dine (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Spotted like a pard.
Pardine lynx (Zo\'94l.), a species
of lynx (Felis pardina) inhabiting Southern Europe.
Its color is rufous, spotted with black.
Par"do (?), n. [Pg.
pardao, fr. Skr. prat\'bepa splendor,
majesty.] A money of account in Goa, India, equivalent
to about 2s. 6d. sterling. or 60 cts.
Par"don (?), n. [F., fr.
pardonner to pardon. See Pardon, v.
t.] 1. The act of pardoning;
forgiveness, as of an offender, or of an offense; release from
penalty; remission of punishment; absolution.
Pardon, my lord, for me and for my tidings.
Shak.
But infinite in pardon was my judge.
Milton.
Used in expressing courteous denial or contradiction;
as, I crave your pardon; or in indicating that
one has not understood another; as, I beg
pardon.
2. An official warrant of remission of
penalty.
Sign me a present pardon for my brother.
Shak.
3. The state of being forgiven.
South.
4. (Law) A release, by a sovereign, or
officer having jurisdiction, from the penalties of an offense,
being distinguished from amenesty, which is a general
obliteration and canceling of a particular line of past
offenses.
Syn. -- Forgiveness; remission. See
Forgiveness.
Par"don, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Pardoned (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Pardoning.] [Either fr.
pardon, n., or from F. pardonner, LL.
perdonare; L. per through, thoroughly,
perfectly + donare to give, to present. See
Par-, and Donation.] 1. To
absolve from the consequences of a fault or the punishment of
crime; to free from penalty; -- applied to the offender.
In this thing the Lord pardon thy servant.
2 Kings v. 18.
I pray you, pardon me; pray heartily,
pardom me.
Shak.
2. To remit the penalty of; to suffer to pass
without punishment; to forgive; -- applied to offenses.
I pray thee, pardon my sin.
1 S//. xv. 25.
Apollo, pardon
My great profaneness 'gainst thine oracle /
Shak.
3. To refrain from exacting as a penalty.
I pardon thee thy life before thou ask it.
Shak.
4. To give leave (of departure) to.
[Obs.]
Even now about it! I will pardon you.
Shak.
Pardon me, forgive me; excuse me; -- a phrase
used also to express courteous denial or contradiction.
Syn. -- To forgive; absolve; excuse; overlook; remit;
asquit. See Excuse.
Par"don*a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F.
pardonnable.] Admitting of pardon; not
requiring the excution of penalty; venial; excusable; -- applied
to the offense or to the offender; as, a pardonable
fault, or culprit.
Par"don*a*ble*ness, n. The quality or
state of being pardonable; as, the pardonableness of
sin.
Bp. Hall.
Par"don*a*bly, adv. In a manner
admitting of pardon; excusably.
Dryden.
Par"don*er (?), n. 1.
One who pardons.
Shak.
2. A seller of indulgences.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Par"don*ing, a. Relating to pardon;
having or exercising the right to pardon; willing to pardon;
merciful; as, the pardoning power; a
pardoning God.
Pare (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Pared (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Paring.] [F.
parer to pare, as a horse's hoofs, to dress or curry,
as, leather, to clear, as anchors or cables, to parry, ward off,
fr. L. parare to prepare. Cf. Empire,
Parade, Pardon, Parry,
Prepare.] 1. To cut off, or shave
off, the superficial substance or extremities of; as, to
pare an apple; to pare a horse's
hoof.
2. To remove; to separate; to cut or shave, as the
skin, ring, or outside part, from anything; -- followed by
off or away; as; to pare off the
ring of fruit; to pare away redundancies.
3. Fig.: To diminish the bulk of; to reduce; to
lessen.
The king began to pare a little the privilege of
clergy.
Bacon.
Par`e*gor"ic (?) a. [L.
paregoricus, Gr. /, from / addressing,
encouraging, soothing; / beside + / an assembly: cf. F.
par\'82gorique. See Allegory.]
Mitigating; assuaging or soothing pain; as,
paregoric elixir.
Par`e*gor"ic, n. (Med.) A
medicine that mitigates pain; an anodyne; specifically,
camphorated tincture of opium; -- called also paregoric
elexir.
Pa*rel"con (?), n. [Gr. / to
draw aside, to be redundant; / beside + / to draw.]
(Gram.) The addition of a syllable or particle to
the end of a pronoun, verb, or adverb.
Par`e*lec`tro*nom"ic (?), a.
(Physiol.) Of or relating to parelectronomy;
as, the parelectronomic part of a muscle.
Par*e`lec*tron"o*my (?), n.
[Pref. para- + electro- + Gr. /
law.] (Physiol.) A condition of the muscles
induced by exposure to severe cold, in which the electrical
action of the muscle is reversed.
{ \'d8Pa*rel"la (?), \'d8Pa`relle
(?), } n. [Cf. F.
parelle.] (Bot.) (a) A
name for two kinds of dock (Rumex Patientia and
R. Hydrolapathum). (b) A kind of
lichen (Lecanora parella) once used in dyeing and in
the preparation of litmus.
\'d8Pa*rem"bo*le (/), n.
[NL., from Gr. / an insertion beside. See Para-,
and Embolus.] (Rhet.) A kind of
parenthesis.
<-- p. 1043 -->
Pare"ment (?), n. See
Parament. [Obs.]
\'d8Par`emp*to"sis (?), n.
[NL., from Gr. / a coming in beside; / beside + / to
fall in.] Same as Parembole.
Pa*ren"chy*ma (?), n. [NL.,
from Gr. /, fr. / to pour in beside; / beside + / in +
/ to pour: cf. F. parenchyme.]
(Biol.) The soft celluar substance of the tissues
of plants and animals, like the pulp of leaves, to soft tissue of
glands, and the like.
Pa*ren"chy*mal (?), a. Of,
pertaining to, or consisting of, parenchyma.
{ Par`en*chym"a*tous (?),
Pa*ren"chy*mous (?), } a.
[Cf. F. parenchymateux.] Of,
pertaining to, or connected with, the parenchyma of a tissue or
an organ; as, parenchymatous
degeneration.
\'d8Pa*ren"e*sis (?), n. [L.
paraenesis, Gr. /, fr. / to advise.]
Exhortation. [R.]
{ Par`e*net"ic (?),
Par`e*net"io*al (?), } a.
[Gr. /: cf. F. par\'82n\'82tique.]
Hortatory; encouraging; persuasive. [R.]
F. Potter.
Par"ent (?), n. [L.
parens, -entis; akin to parere
to bring forth; cf. Gr. / to give, beget: cf. F.
parent. Cf. Part.] 1. One
who begets, or brings forth, offspring; a father or a
mother.
Children, obey your parents in the Lord.
Eph. vi. 1.
2. That which produces; cause; source; author;
begetter; as, idleness is the parent of
vice.
Regular industry is the parent of sobriety.
Channing.
Parent cell. (Biol.) See
Mother cell, under Mother, also
Cytula. -- Parent nucleus
(Biol.), a nucleus which, in cell division,
divides, and gives rise to two or more daughter nuclei. See
Karyokinesis, and Cell division, under
Division.
Par"ent*age (?), n. [Cf. F.
parentage relationship.] Descent from
parents or ancestors; parents or ancestors considered with
respect to their rank or character; extraction; birth; as, a
man of noble parentage. \'bdWilt thou deny
thy parentage?\'b8
Shak.
Though men esteem thee low of parentage.
Milton.
Pa*ren"tal (?), a. [L.
parentalis.] 1. Of or pertaining
to a parent or to parents; as, parental authority;
parental obligations.
2. Becoming to, or characteristic of, parents;
tender; affectionate; devoted; as, parental
care.
The careful course and parental provision of
nature.
Sir T. Browne.
Pa*ren"tal*ly, adv. In a parental
manner.
Par`en*ta"tion (?), n. [L.
parentatio, fr. parentare to offer a solemn
sacrifice in honor of deceased parents. See
Parent.] Something done or said in honor of
the dead; obsequies. [Obs.]
Abp. Potter.
Par"en`tele` (?), n. [F.
parent\'8ale, L. parentela.]
Kinship; parentage. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Pa*ren"the*sis (?), n.; pl.
Parentheses (#). [NL., fr. Gr.
/, fr. / to put in beside, insert; / beside + / in + /
to put, place. See Para-, En-, 2, and
Thesis.]
1. A word, phrase, or sentence, by way of comment
or explanation, inserted in, or attached to, a sentence which
would be grammatically complete without it. It is usually
inclosed within curved lines (see def. 2 below), or dashes.
\'bdSeldom mentioned without a derogatory
parenthesis.\'b8
Sir T. Browne.
Don't suffer every occasional thought to carry you away into a
long parenthesis.
Watts.
2. (Print.) One of the curved lines ()
which inclose a parenthetic word or phrase.
Parenthesis, in technical grammar, is
that part of a sentence which is inclosed within the recognized
sign; but many phrases and sentences which are punctuated by
commas are logically parenthetical. In def. 1, the phrase \'bdby
way of comment or explanation\'b8 is inserted for explanation,
and the sentence would be grammatically complete without it. The
present tendency is to avoid using the distinctive marks, except
when confusion would arise from a less conspicuous
separation.
Pa*ren"the*size (?), v. t. To
make a parenthesis of; to include within parenthetical
marks.
Lowell.
{ Par`en*thet"ic (?),
Pat`en*thet"ic*al (?), } a.
[Cf. Gr. /.] 1. Of the nature of a
parenthesis; pertaining to, or expressed in, or as in, a
parenthesis; as, a parenthetical clause; a
parenthetic remark.
A parenthetical observation of Moses himself.
Hales.
2. Using or containing parentheses.
Par`en*thet"ic*al*ly, adv. In a
parenthetical manner; by way of parenthesis; by
parentheses.
Par"ent*hood (?), n. The state
of a parent; the office or character of a parent.
Pa*rent"ti*cide (?), n. [L.
parenticida a parricide; parens parent +
caedere to kill.]
1. The act of one who kills one's own parent.
[R.]
2. One who kills one's own parent; a
parricide. [R.]
Par"ent*less (?), a. Deprived
of parents.
Par*ep`i*did"y*mis (?), n. [NL.
See Para-, and Epididymis.]
(Anat.) A small body containing convoluted
tubules, situated near the epididymis in man and some other
animals, and supposed to be a remnant of the anterior part of the
Wolffian body.
Par"er (?), n. [From
Pare, v. t.] One who, or that
which, pares; an instrument for paring.
\'d8Pa*rer"gon (?), n.
[L.] See Parergy.
Par"er*gy (?), n. [L.
parergon, Gr. /; / beside + / work.]
Something unimportant, incidental, or superfluous.
[Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
\'d8Par"e*sis (?), n. [NL.,
from Gr. /, fr. / to let go; / from + / to send.]
(Med.) Incomplete paralysis, affecting motion but
not sensation.
Par*eth"moid (?), a. [Pref.
para- + ethmoid.] (Anat.)
Near or beside the ethmoid bone or cartilage; -- applied
especially to a pair of bones in the nasal region of some fishes,
and to the ethmoturbinals in some higher animals. --
n. A parethmoid bone.
Pa*ret"ic (?), a. Of or
pertaining to paresis; affected with paresis.
Par*fay" (?), interj.
[Par + fay.] By my faith;
verily. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Par"fit (?), a. Perfect.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Par"fit*ly, adv. Perfectly.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
{ Par*forn" (?), Par*fourn"
(?) }, v. t. To perform.
[Obs.]
Chaucer. Piers Plowman.
Par"gas*ite (?), n. [So called
from Pargas, in Finland.] (Min.)
A dark green aluminous variety of amphibole, or
hornblende.
Parge"board` (?), n. See
Bargeboard.
Par"get (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Pargeted; p.
pr. & vb. n. Pargeting.] [OE.
pargeten, also spargeten,
sparchen; of uncertain origin.] 1.
To coat with parget; to plaster, as walls, or the interior
of flues; as, to parget the outside of their
houses.
Sir T. Herbert.
The pargeted ceiling with pendants.
R. L. Stevenson.
2. To paint; to cover over.
[Obs.]
Par"get, v. i. 1. To lay on
plaster.
2. To paint, as the face. [Obs.]
B. Jonson.
Par"get, n. 1. Gypsum or
plaster stone.
2. Plaster, as for lining the interior of flues, or
for stuccowork.
Knight.
3. Paint, especially for the face.
[Obs.]
Drayton.
Par"get*er (?), n. A
plasterer.
Johnson.
Par"get*ing, n. [Written also
pargetting.] Plasterwork; esp.:
(a) A kind of decorative plasterwork in raised
ornamental figures, formerly used for the internal and external
decoration of houses. (b) In modern architecture, the
plastering of the inside of flues, intended to give a smooth
surface and help the draught.
Par"get*o*ry (?), n. Something
made of, or covered with, parget, or plaster.
[Obs.]
Milton.
Par*he"lic (?), a. Of or
pertaining to parhelia.
Par*hel"ion (?), n.; pl.
Parhelia (#). [L.
parelion, Gr. /, /; / beside + / the
sun.] A mock sun appearing in the form of a bright
light, sometimes near the sun, and tinged with colors like the
rainbow, and sometimes opposite to the sun. The latter is usually
called an anthelion. Often several mock suns appear at
the same time. Cf. Paraselene.
\'d8Par*he"li*um (?), n. See
Parhelion.
Par"i- (?). [L. par,
paris, equal.] A combining form signifying
equal; as, paridigitate,
paripinnate.
Pa"ri*ah (?), n. [From Tamil
paraiyan, pl. paraiyar, one of the low
caste, fr. parai a large drum, because they beat the
drums at certain festivals.]
1. One of an aboriginal people of Southern India,
regarded by the four castes of the Hindoos as of very low grade.
They are usually the serfs of the Sudra agriculturalists. See
Caste.
Balfour (Cyc. of India).
2. An outcast; one despised by society.
Pariah dog (Zo\'94l.), a mongrel
race of half-wild dogs which act as scavengers in Oriental
cities. -- Pariah kite (Zo\'94l.),
a species of kite (Milvus govinda) which acts as a
scavenger in India.
Pa*ri"al (?), n. See Pair
royal, under Pair, n.
Pa"ri*an (?), a. [L.
Parius.] Of or pertaining to Paros, an
island in the \'92gean Sea noted for its excellent statuary
marble; as, Parian marble.
Parian chronicle, a most ancient chronicle of
the city of Athens, engraved on marble in the Isle of Paros, now
among the Arundelian marbles.
Pa"ri*an, n. 1. A native or
inhabitant of Paros.
2. A ceramic ware, resembling unglazed porcelain
biscuit, of which are made statuettes, ornaments, etc.
\'d8Par`i*dig`i*ta"ta (?), n. pl.
[NL. See Pari-, and Digitate.]
(Zo\'94l.) Same as Artiodactyla.
Par`j*dig"i*tate (?), a.
(Anat.) Having an evennumber of digits on the
hands or the feet.
Qwen.
\'d8Pa"ri*es (?), n.; pl.
Parietes (#). [See
Parietes.] (Zo\'94l.) The
triangular middle part of each segment of the shell of a
barnacle.
Pa*ri"e*tal (?), a. [L.
parietalis, fr. paries, -ietis,
a wall: cf. F. pari\'82tal. Cf. Parietary,
Pellitory.]
1. Of or pertaining to a wall; hence, pertaining to
buildings or the care of them.
2. Resident within the walls or buildings of a
college.
At Harvard College, the officers resident within the college
walls constitute a permanent standing committee, called the
Parietal Committee.
B. H. Hall (1856).
3. (Anat.) (a) Of pertaining to
the parietes. (b) Of, pertaining to, or in
the region of, the parietal bones, which form the upper and
middle part of the cranium, between the frontals and
occipitals.
4. (Bot.) Attached to the main wall of
the ovary, and not to the axis; -- said of a placenta.
Pa*ri"e*tal, n. 1.
(Anat.) One of the parietal bones.
2. (Zo\'94l.) One of the special scales,
or plates, covering the back of the head in certain reptiles and
fishes.
Pa*ri"e*ta*ry (?), a. See
Parietal, 2.
Pa*ri"e*ta*ry, n. [L.
parietaria, fr. parietarius parietal. Cf.
Pellitory, Parietal.] (Bot.)
Any one of several species of Parietaria. See 1st
Pellitory.
\'d8Pa*ri"e*tes (?), n. pl. [L.
paries a wall.]
1. (Anat.) The walls of a cavity or an
organ; as, the abdominal parietes; the
parietes of the cranium.
2. (Bot.) The sides of an ovary or of a
capsule.
Pa`ri*et"ic (?), a.
(Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid
found in the lichen Parmelia parietina, and called
also chrysophanic acid.
Pa*ri"e*tine (?), n. [L.
parietinus parietal: cf. parietinae ruined
walls.] A piece of a fallen wall; a ruin.
[Obs.]
Burton.
Pa*ri"e*to- (/). (Anat.) A
combining form used to indicate connection with, or
relation to, the parietal bones or the parietal
segment of the skull; as, the parieto-mastoid
suture.
Pa*rig"e*nin (?), n.
[Parillin + -gen +
-in.] (Chem.) A curdy white
substance, obtained by the decomposition of parillin.
Pa*ril"lin (?), n. [Shortened
fr. sarsaparillin.] (Chem.) A
glucoside resembling saponin, found in the root of sarsaparilla,
smilax, etc., and extracted as a bitter white crystalline
substance; -- called also smilacin,
sarsaparilla saponin, and
sarsaparillin.
Par"ing (?), n. [From
Pare, v. t.] 1. The act
of cutting off the surface or extremites of anything.
2. That which is pared off.
Pope.
Pare off the surface of the earth, and with the
parings raise your hills.
Mortimer.
Par`i*pin"nate (?), a.
[Pari- + pinnate.]
(Bot.) Pinnate with an equal number of leaflets
on each side; having no odd leaflet at the end.
Par"is (?), n. [From
Paris, the son of Priam.] (Bot.)
A plant common in Europe (Paris quadrifolia);
herb Paris; truelove. It has been used as a narcotic.
Trillium, but has usually four leaves and a
tetramerous flower.
Par"is, n. The chief city of
France.
Paris green. See under Green,
n. -- Paris white (Chem.),
purified chalk used as a pigment; whiting; Spanish
white.
Par"ish (?), n. [OE.
parishe, paresche, parosche, OF.
paroisse, parosse, paroiche, F.
paroisse, L. parochia, corrupted fr.
paroecia, Gr. /, fr. / dwelling beside or near;
/ beside + / a house, dwelling; akin to L. vicus
village. See Vicinity, and cf.
Parochial.]
1. (Eccl. & Eng. Law) (a) That
circuit of ground committed to the charge of one parson or vicar,
or other minister having cure of souls therein.
Cowell. (b) The same district,
constituting a civil jurisdiction, with its own officers and
regulations, as respects the poor, taxes, etc.
Mozley & W.
2. An ecclesiastical society, usually not bounded
by territorial limits, but composed of those persons who choose
to unite under the charge of a particular priest, clergyman, or
minister; also, loosely, the territory in which the members of a
congregation live. [U. S.]
3. In Louisiana, a civil division corresponding to
a county in other States.
Par"ish, a. Of or pertaining to a
parish; parochial; as, a parish church;
parish records; a parish priest;
maintained by the parish; as, parish
poor.
Dryden.
Parish clerk. (a) The clerk or
recording officer of a parish. (b) A layman who
leads in the responses and otherwise assists in the service of
the Church of England. -- Parish court, in
Louisiana, a court in each parish.
Par"ish*en (?), n. A
parishioner. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Pa*rish"ion*al (?), a. Of or
pertaining to a parish; parochial. [R.]
Bp. Hall.
Pa*rish"ion*er (?), n. [F.
paroissien, LL. parochianus.]
One who belongs to, or is connected with, a parish.
Pa*ri"sian (?), n. [Cf. F.
parisen.] A native or inhabitant of Paris,
the capital of France.
Pa*ri"sian, a. Of or pertaining to
Paris.
\'d8Pa`ri`si`enne" (?), n.
[F.] A female native or resident of Paris.
Par`i*sol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. /
almost equal, evenly balanced + -logy.] The
use of equivocal or ambiguous words. [R.]
{ Par`i*syl*lab"ic (?),
Par`i*syl*lab"ic*al (?), } a.
[Pari- + syllabic, -ical:
cf. F. parisyllabique.] Having the same
number of syllables in all its inflections.
Par"i*tor (?), n. [Abbrev. fr.
apparitor: cf. L. paritor a servant,
attendant.] An apparitor. \'bdSummoned by an
host of paritors.\'b8
Dryden.
Par"i*to*ry (?), n.
Pellitory. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Par"i*ty (?), n. [L.
paritas, fr. par, paris, equal:
cf. F. parit\'82. See Pair, Peer an
equal.] The quality or condition of being equal or
equivalent; A like state or degree; equality; close
correspondence; analogy; as, parity of
reasoning. \'bdNo parity of principle.\'b8
De Quincey.
Equality of length and parity of numeration.
Sir T. Browne.
Park (?), n. [AS.
pearroc, or perh. rather fr. F. parc; both
being of the same origin; cf. LL. parcus,
parricus, Ir. & Gael. pairc, W.
park, parwg. Cf. Paddock an
inclosure, Parrock.] 1. (Eng.
Law) A piece of ground inclosed, and stored with
beasts of the chase, which a man may have by prescription, or the
king's grant.
Mozley & W.
2. A tract of ground kept in its natural state,
about or adjacent to a residence, as for the preservation of
game, for walking, riding, or the like.
Chaucer.
While in the park I sing, the listening deer
Attend my passion, and forget to fear.
Waller.
3. A piece of ground, in or near a city or town,
inclosed and kept for ornament and recreation; as, Hyde
Park in London; Central Park in New
York.
4. (Mil.) A space occupied by the
animals, wagons, pontoons, and materials of all kinds, as
ammunition, ordnance stores, hospital stores, provisions, etc.,
when brought together; also, the objects themselves; as, a
park of wagons; a park of artillery.
5. A partially inclosed basin in which oysters are
grown. [Written also parc.]
Park of artillery. See under
Artillery. -- Park phaeton, a small,
low carriage, for use in parks.
Park, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Parked (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Parking.] 1. To inclose in a
park, or as in a park.
How are we parked, and bounded in a pale.
Shak.
2. (Mil.) To bring together in a park,
or compact body; as, to park the artillery, the
wagons, etc.
Park"er (?), n, The keeper of a
park.
Sir M. Hale.
\'d8Par*ke"ri*a (?), n. [NL. So
named from W. K. Parker, a British
zo\'94logist.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of large
arenaceous fossil Foraminifera found in the Cretaceous rocks. The
species are globular, or nearly so, and are of all sizes up to
that of a tennis ball.
<-- p. 1044 -->
Parkes"ine (?), n. [So called
from Mr. Parkes, the inventor.] A compound,
originally made from gun cotton and castor oil, but later from
different materials, and used as a substitute for vulcanized
India rubber and for ivory; -- called also
xylotile.
Park"leaves` (?), n.
(Bot.) A European species of Saint John's-wort;
the tutsan. See Tutsan.
Par"lance (?), n. [OF., fr. F.
parler to speak. See Parley.]
Conversation; discourse; talk; diction; phrase; as, in
legal parlance; in common parlance.
A hate of gossip parlance and of sway.
Tennyson.
{ \'d8Par*lan"do (?),
\'d8Par*lan"te (?), } a. &
adv. [It.] (Mus.) Speaking; in a
speaking or declamatory manner; to be sung or played in the style
of a recitative.
Parle (?), v. i. [F.
parler. See Parley.] To talk; to
converse; to parley. [Obs.]
Shak.
Finding himself too weak, began to parle.
Milton.
Parle, n. Conversation; talk;
parley. [Obs.]
They ended parle, and both addressed for fight.
Milton.
Par"ley (?), n.; pl.
Parleys (#). [F. parler
speech, talk, fr. parler to speak, LL.
parabolare, fr. L. parabola a comparison,
parable, in LL., a word. See Parable, and cf.
Parliament, Parlor.] Mutual
discourse or conversation; discussion; hence, an oral conference
with an enemy, as with regard to a truce.
We yield on parley, but are stormed in vain.
Dryden.
To beat a parley (Mil.), to beat a
drum, or sound a trumpet, as a signal for holding a conference
with the enemy.
Par"ley, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Parleyed (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Parleying.] To speak with
another; to confer on some point of mutual concern; to discuss
orally; hence, specifically, to confer orally with an enemy; to
treat with him by words, as on an exchange of prisoners, an
armistice, or terms of peace.
They are at hand,
To parley or to fight; therefore prepare.
Shak.
Par"lia*ment (?), n. [OE.
parlement, F. parlement, fr.
parler to speak; cf. LL. parlamentum,
parliamentum. See Parley.] 1.
A parleying; a discussion; a conference.
[Obs.]
But first they held their parliament.
Rom. of R.
2. A formal conference on public affairs; a general
council; esp., an assembly of representatives of a nation or
people having authority to make laws.
They made request that it might be lawful for them to summon a
parliament of Gauls.
Golding.
3. The assembly of the three estates of the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, viz., the lords spiritual,
lords temporal, and the representatives of the commons, sitting
in the House of Lords and the House of Commons, constituting the
legislature, when summoned by the royal authority to consult on
the affairs of the nation, and to enact and repeal laws.
4. In France, before the Revolution of 1789, one of
the several principal judicial courts.
Parliament heel, the inclination of a ship
when made to careen by shifting her cargo or ballast. --
Parliament hinge (Arch.), a hinge with
so great a projection from the wall or frame as to allow a door
or shutter to swing back flat against the wall. --
Long Parliament, Rump
Parliament. See under Long, and
Rump.
Par`lia*men"tal (?), a.
Parliamentary. [Obs.]
Par`lia*men*ta"ri*an (?), a. Of
or pertaining to Parliament.
Wood.
Par`lia*men*ta"ri*an, n. 1.
(Eng. Hist.) One who adhered to the Parliament,
in opposition to King Charles I.
Walpole.
2. One versed in the rules and usages of Parliament
or similar deliberative assemblies; as, an accomplished
parliamentarian.
Par`lia*men"ta*ri*ly (?), adv.
In a parliamentary manner.
Par`lia*men"ta*ry (?), a. [Cf.
F. parlementaire.]
1. Of or pertaining to Parliament; as,
parliamentary authority.
Bacon.
2. Enacted or done by Parliament; as, a
parliamentary act.
Sir M. Hale.
3. According to the rules and usages of Parliament
or of deliberative bodies; as, a parliamentary
motion.
Parliamentary agent, a person, usually a
solicitor, professionally employed by private parties to explain
and recommend claims, bills, etc., under consideration of
Parliament. [Eng.] -- Parliamentary
train, one of the trains which, by act of
Parliament, railway companies are required to run for the
conveyance of third-class passengers at a reduced rate.
[Eng.]
Par"lor (?), n. [OE.
parlour, parlur, F. parloir, LL.
parlatorium. See Parley.]
[Written also parlour.] A room for
business or social conversation, for the reception of guests,
etc. Specifically: (a) The apartment in a
monastery or nunnery where the inmates are permitted to meet and
converse with each other, or with visitors and friends from
without. Piers Plowman. (b) In large
private houses, a sitting room for the family and for familiar
guests, -- a room for less formal uses than the drawing-room.
Esp., in modern times, the dining room of a house having few
apartments, as a London house, where the dining parlor is usually
on the ground floor. (c) Commonly, in the
United States, a drawing-room, or the room where visitors are
received and entertained.
parlor, as they called it of old and
till recently.\'b8
Fitzed. Hall.
Parior car. See Palace car, under
Car.
Par"lous (?), a. [For
perlous, a contr. fr. perilous.]
1. Attended with peril; dangerous; as, a
parlous cough. [Archaic] \'bdA
parlous snuffing.\'b8
Beau. & Fl.
2. Venturesome; bold; mischievous; keen.
[Obs.] \'bdA parlous boy.\'b8
Shak. \'bdA parlous wit.\'b8
Dryden. -- Par"lous*ly,
adv. [Obs.] -- Par"lous*ness,
n. [Obs.]
Par`me*san" (?), a. [F.
parmesan, It. parmigiano.] Of or
pertaining to Parma in Italy.
Parmesan cheese, a kind of cheese of a rich
flavor, though from skimmed milk, made in Parma, Italy.
\'d8Par*nas"si*a (?), n.
[NL.] (Bot.) A genus of herbs growing
in wet places, and having white flowers; grass of
Parnassus.
Par*nas"sian (?), a. [L.
Parnassius.] Of or pertaining to
Parnassus.
Par*nas"sian, n. [See
Parnassus.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of
numerous species of butterflies belonging to the genus
Parnassius. They inhabit the mountains, both in the
Old World and in America.
Par*nas"sus (?), n. [L., fr.
Gr. /.] (Anc. Geog. & Gr. Myth.) A
mountain in Greece, sacred to Apollo and the Muses, and famous
for a temple of Apollo and for the Castalian spring.
Grass of Parnassus. (Bot.) See
under Grass, and Parnassia. -- To
climb Parnassus, to write poetry.
[Colloq.]
Par`oc*cip"i*tal (?), a. [Pref.
para- + occipital.]
(Anat.) Situated near or beside the occipital
condyle or the occipital bone; paramastoid; -- applied especially
to a process of the skull in some animals.
Pa*ro"chi*al (?), a. [LL.
parochialis, from L. parochia. See
Parish.] Of or pertaining to a parish;
restricted to a parish; as, parochial
duties. \'bdParochial pastors.\'b8 Bp.
Atterbury. Hence, limited; narrow. \'bdThe
parochial mind.\'b8 W. Black.
Pa*ro"chi*al*ism (?), n. The
quality or state of being parochial in form or nature; a system
of management peculiar to parishes.
Pa*ro`chi*al"i*ty (?), n. The
state of being parochial. [R.]
Sir J. Marriot.
Pa*ro"chi*al*ize (?), v. t. To
render parochial; to form into parishes.
Pa*ro"chi*al*ly, adv. In a parochial
manner; by the parish, or by parishes.
Bp. Stillingfleet.
Pa*ro"chi*an (?), a. [See
Parochial, Parishioner.]
Parochial. [Obs.]
\'bdParochian churches.\'b8
Bacon.
Pa*ro"chi*an, n. [LL.
parochianus.] A parishioner.
[Obs.]
Ld. Burleigh.
{ Pa*rod"ic (?), Pa*rod"ic*al
(?), } a. [Gr. /: cf. F.
parodique.] Having the character of
parody.
Very paraphrastic, and sometimes parodical.
T. Warton.
Par"o*dist (?), n. [Cf. F.
parodiste.] One who writes a parody; one
who parodies.
Coleridge.
Par"o*dy (?), n.; pl.
Parodies (#). [L.
parodia, Gr. /; / beside + / a song: cf. F.
parodie. See Para-, and Ode.]
1. A writing in which the language or sentiment of
an author is mimicked; especially, a kind of literary pleasantry,
in which what is written on one subject is altered, and applied
to another by way of burlesque; travesty.
The lively parody which he wrote . . . on Dryden's
\'bdHind and Panther\'b8 was received with great applause.
Macaulay.
2. A popular maxim, adage, or proverb.
[Obs.]
Par"o*dy, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Parodied (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Parodying.] [Cf. F.
parodier.] To write a parody upon; to
burlesque.
I have translated, or rather parodied, a poem of
Horace.
Pope.
Par"o*ket` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) See Paroquet.
Pa*rol" (?), n. [See
Parole, the same word.]
1. A word; an oral utterance.
[Obs.]
2. (Law) Oral declaration; word of
mouth; also, a writing not under seal.
Blackstone.
Pa*rol", a. Given or done by word of
mouth; oral; also, given by a writing not under seal; as,
parol evidence.
Parol arrest (Law), an arrest in
pursuance of a verbal order from a magistrate. -- Parol
contract (Law), any contract not of record
or under seal, whether oral or written; a simple
contract.
Chitty. Story.
Pa*role" (?), n. [F.
parole. See Parley, and cf.
Parol.] 1. A word; an oral
utterance. [Obs.]
2. Word of promise; word of honor; plighted faith;
especially (Mil.), promise, upon one's faith and
honor, to fulfill stated conditions, as not to bear arms against
one's captors, to return to custody, or the like.
This man had forfeited his military parole.
Macaulay.
3. (Mil.) A watchword given only to
officers of guards; -- distinguished from countersign,
which is given to all guards.
4. (Law) Oral declaration. See lst
Parol, 2.
Pa*role", a. See 2d
Parol.
Pa*role", v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Paroled (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Paroling.] (Mil.)
To set at liberty on parole; as, to parole
prisoners.
Par`o*mol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. fr.
/, fr. / to grant; / by, near + / to speak together,
agree. See Homologous.] (Rhet.) A
concession to an adversary in order to strengthen one's own
argument.
\'d8Par`o*no*ma"si*a (?), n.
[L., fr. Gr. /, fr. / to form a word by a slight change;
/ beside + / to name, fr. / a name.]
(Rhet.) A play upon words; a figure by which the
same word is used in different senses, or words similar in sound
are set in opposition to each other, so as to give antithetical
force to the sentence; punning.
Dryden.
{ Par`o*no*mas"tic (?),
Par`o*no*mas"tic*al (?), } a.
Of or pertaining to paronomasia; consisting in a play upon
words.
Par`o*nom"a*sy (?), n. [Cf. F.
paronomasie.] Paronomasia.
[R.]
B. Jonson.
\'d8Par`o*nych"i*a (?), n. [L.,
fr. Gr. /; / beside + /, /, a nail.]
(Med.) A whitlow, or felon.
Quincy.
Par"o*nym (?), n. A paronymous
word. [Written also paronyme.]
Pa*ron"y*mous (?), a. [Gr. /;
/ beside, near + / a name.] 1. Having the
same derivation; allied radically; conjugate; -- said of certain
words, as man, mankind, manhood,
etc.
2. Having a similar sound, but different
orthography and different meaning; -- said of certain words, as
al/ and awl; hair and
hare, etc.
Pa*ron"y*my, n. The quality of being
paronymous; also, the use of paronymous words.
\'d8Par`o*\'94ph"o*ron (?), n.
[NL., from Gr. / (see Para-) + / an egg + /
to bear.] (Anat.) A small mass of tubules
near the ovary in some animals, and corresponding with the
parepididymis of the male.
Par"o*quet` (?), n. [F.
perroquet, or Sp. periquito; both prob.
orig. meaning, little Peter. See Parrot.]
(Zo\'94l.) Same as Parrakeet.
[Written also paroket, parroquet,
and perroquet.]
Paroquet auk auklet
(Zo\'94l.), a small auk (Cyclorrhynchus
psittaculus) inhabiting the coast and islands of Alaska.
The upper parts are dark slate, under parts white, bill orange
red. Called also perroquet auk.
\'d8Pa*ror"chis (?), n. [NL.
See Para-, and Orchis.]
(Anat.) The part of the epididymis; or the
corresponding part of the excretory duct of the testicle, which
is derived from the Wolffian body.
Pa*ros"te*al (?), (Physiol.) Of
or pertaining to parostosis; as, parosteal
ossification.
\'d8Par`os*to"sis (?), n. [NL.
See Para-, and Ostosis.]
(Physiol.) Ossification which takes place in
purely fibrous tracts; the formation of bone outside of the
periosteum.
Par`os*tot"ic (?), a.
Pertaining to parostosis.
Pa*rot"ic (?), a. [See
Parotid.] (Anat.) On the side of
the auditory capsule; near the external ear.
Parotic region (Zo\'94l.), the
space around the ears.
Pa*rot"id (?), a. [L.
parotis, -idis, Gr. /, /; / beside,
near + /, /, the ear: cf. F. parotide. ]
(Anat.) (a) Situated near the ear; --
applied especially to the salivary gland near the ear.
(b) Of, pertaining to, or in the region of, the
parotid gland.
Parotid gland (Anat.), one of the
salivary glands situated just in front of or below the ear. It is
the largest of the salivary glands in man, and its duct opens
into the interior of the mouth opposite the second molar of the
upper jaw.
Pa*rot"id, n. (Anat.) The
parotid gland.
Par`o*ti"tis (?), n. [NL. See
Parotid, and -itis.] (Med.)
Inflammation of the parotid glands.
Epidemic, Infectious,
parotitis, mumps.
Par"o*toid (?), a.
[Parotid + -oid.]
(Anat.) Resembling the parotid gland; -- applied
especially to cutaneous glandular elevations above the ear in
many toads and frogs. -- n. A
parotoid gland.
\'d8Pa*rou"si*a (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. /. See Parusia.] (a) The
nativity of our Lord. (b) The last day.
Shipley.
\'d8Par`o*va"ri*um (?), n. [NL.
See Para-, and Ovarium.]
(Anat.) A group of tubules, a remnant of the
Wolffian body, often found near the ovary or oviduct; the
epo\'94phoron.
Par"ox*ysm (?), n. [F.
paroxysme, Gr. /, fr. / to sharpen, irritate; /
beside, beyond + / to sharpen, from / sharp.]
1. (Med.) The fit, attack, or
exacerbation, of a disease that occurs at intervals, or has
decided remissions or intermissions.
Arbuthnot.
2. Any sudden and violent emotion; spasmodic
passion or action; a convulsion; a fit.
The returning paroxysms of diffidence and
despair.
South.
Par`ox*ys"mal (?), a. Of the
nature of a paroxysm; characterized or accompanied by paroxysms;
as, a paroxysmal pain; paroxysmal
temper. -- Par`ox*ys"mal*ly,
adv.
Par*ox"y*tone (?), n. [Gr. /,
a. See Para-, and Oxytone.]
(Gr. Gram.) A word having an acute accent on the
penultimate syllable.
Par*quet" (?), n. [F. See
Parquetry.]
1. A body of seats on the floor of a music hall or
theater nearest the orchestra; but commonly applied to the whole
lower floor of a theater, from the orchestra to the dress circle;
the pit.
2. Same as Parquetry.
Par"quet*age (?), n. See
Parquetry.
Par"quet*ed, a. Formed in parquetry;
inlaid with wood in small and differently colored figures.
One room parqueted with yew, which I liked
well.
Evelyn.
Par"quet*ry (?), n. [F.
parqueterie, fr. parquet inlaid flooring,
fr. parquet, dim. of parc an inclosure. See
Park.] A species of joinery or cabinet-work
consisting of an inlay of geometric or other patterns, generally
of different colors, -- used especially for floors.
Par*quette" (?), n. See
Parquet.
Parr (?), n. [Cf. Gael. & Ir.
bradan a salmon.] (Zo\'94l.)
(a) A young salmon in the stage when it has dark
transverse bands; -- called also samlet,
skegger, and
fingerling. (b) A young
leveret.
<-- p. 1045 -->
{ Par"ra*keet` (?), Par"a*keet`
}, n. [See Paroquet.]
(Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of small
parrots having a graduated tail, which is frequently very long;
-- called also paroquet and
paraquet.
Paleornis; others belong to
Polytelis, Platycercus,
Psephotus, Euphema, and allied genera. The
American parrakeets mostly belong to the genus
Conurus, as the Carolina parrakeet (C.
Carolinensis).
{ Par"ral (?), Par"rel
(?), } n. [F. appareil.
See Apparel, n.] 1.
(Naut.) The rope or collar by which a yard or
spar is held to the mast in such a way that it may be hoisted or
lowered at pleasure.
Totten.
2. A chimney-piece.
Halliwell.
\'d8Par*ra"qua (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A curassow of the genus
Ortalida, allied to the guan.
\'d8Par*rhe"si*a (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. /; / beside, beyond + / a speaking.]
(Rhet.) Boldness or freedom of speech.
Par"ri*ci`dal (?), a. [L.
parricidalis, parricidialis. See
Parricide.] Of or pertaining to parricide;
guilty of parricide.
Par"ri*cide (?), n. [F., fr. L.
parricida; pater father +
caedere to kill. See Father,
Homicide, and cf. Patricide.]
1. Properly, one who murders one's own father; in a
wider sense, one who murders one's father or mother or any
ancestor.
2. [L. parricidium.] The act
or crime of murdering one's own father or any ancestor.
Par`ri*cid"i*ous (?), a.
Parricidal. [Obs.]
Par"rock (?), n. [AS.
pearruc, pearroc. See Park.]
A croft, or small field; a paddock. [Prov.
Eng.]
Par"rot (?), n. [Prob. fr. F.
Pierrot, dim. of Pierre Peter. F.
pierrot is also the name of the sparrow. Cf.
Paroquet, Petrel, Petrify.]
1. (Zo\'94l.) In a general sense, any
bird of the order Psittaci.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Any species of
Psittacus, Chrysotis, Pionus,
and other genera of the family Psittacid\'91, as
distinguished from the parrakeets, macaws, and lories. They have
a short rounded or even tail, and often a naked space on the
cheeks. The gray parrot, or jako (P. erithacus) of
Africa (see Jako), and the species of Amazon, or green,
parrots (Chrysotis) of America, are examples. Many
species, as cage birds, readily learn to imitate sounds, and to
repeat words and phrases.
Carolina parrot (Zo\'94l.), the
Carolina parrakeet. See Parrakeet. --
Night parrot, Owl parrot.
(Zo\'94l.) See Kakapo. --
Parrot coal, cannel coal; -- so called from the
crackling and chattering sound it makes in burning.
[Eng. & Scot.] -- Parrot green.
(Chem.) See Scheele's green, under
Green, n. -- Parrot weed
(Bot.), a suffrutescent plant (Bocconia
frutescens) of the Poppy family, native of the warmer parts
of America. It has very large, sinuate, pinnatifid leaves, and
small, panicled, apetalous flowers. -- Parrot
wrasse, Parrot fish
(Zo\'94l.), any fish of the genus
Scarus. One species (S. Cretensis), found
in the Mediterranean, is esteemed by epicures, and was highly
prized by the ancient Greeks and Romans.
Par"rot, v. t. To repeat by rote, as a
parrot.
Par"rot, v. i. To chatter like a
parrot.
Par"rot*er (?), n. One who
simply repeats what he has heard. [R.]
J. S. Mill.
Par"rot*ry (?), n. Servile
imitation or repetition. [R.]
Coleridge. \'bdThe supine parrotry.\'b8
Fitzed. Hall.
Par"rot's-bill` (?), n. [So
called from the resemblance of its curved superior petal to a
parrot's bill.] (Bot.) The glory pea. See
under Glory.
Par"ry (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Parried
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Parrying.] [F. par\'82, p.
p. of parer. See Pare, v.
t.]
1. To ward off; to stop, or to turn aside; as,
to parry a thrust, a blow, or anything that means or
threatens harm.
Locke.
Vice parries wide
The undreaded volley with a sword of straw.
Cowper.
2. To avoid; to shift or put off; to evade.
The French government has parried the payment of
our claims.
E. Everett.
Par"ry, v. i. To ward off, evade, or
turn aside something, as a blow, argument, etc.
Locke.
Par"ry, n.; pl. Parries
(/). A warding off of a thrust or blow, as
in sword and bayonet exercises or in boxing; hence, figuratively,
a defensive movement in debate or other intellectual
encounter.
Parse (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Parsed (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Parsing.]
[L. pars a part; pars orationis a part
of speech. See Part, n.]
(Gram.) To resolve into its elements, as a
sentence, pointing out the several parts of speech, and their
relation to each other by government or agreement; to analyze and
describe grammatically.
Let him construe the letter into English, and parse
it over perfectly.
Ascham.
Par"see (?), n. [Hind. & Per.
p\'bers\'c6 a Persian, a follower of Zoroaster, a fire
worshiper. Cf. Persian.]
1. One of the adherents of the Zoroastrian or
ancient Persian religion, descended from Persian refugees settled
in India; a fire worshiper; a Gheber.
2. The Iranian dialect of much of the religious
literature of the Parsees.
Par"see*ism (?), n. The
religion and customs of the Parsees.
Pars"er (?), n. One who
parses.
Par`si*mo"ni*ous (?), a. [Cf.
F. parcimonieux. See Parsimony.]
Exhibiting parsimony; sparing in expenditure of money;
frugal to excess; penurious; niggardly; stingy. --
Par`si*mo"ni*ous*ly, adv. --
Par`si*mo"ni*ous*ness, n.
A prodigal king is nearer a tyrant than a
parsimonious.
Bacon.
Extraordinary funds for one campaign may spare us the expense
of many years; whereas a long, parsimonious war will
drain us of more men and money.
Addison.
Syn. -- Covetous; niggardly; miserly; penurious; close;
saving; mean; stingy; frugal. See Avaricious.
Par"si*mo*ny (?), n. [L.
parsimonia, parcimonia; cf.
parcere to spare, parsus sparing: cf. F.
parcimonie.] Closeness or sparingness in
the expenditure of money; -- generally in a bad sense; excessive
frugality; niggardliness.
Bacon.
Awful parsimony presided generally at the
table.
Thackeray.
Syn. -- Economy; frugality; illiberality; covetousness;
closeness; stinginess. See Economy.
Pars"ley (?), n. [OE.
persely, persil, F. persil, L.
petroselinum rock parsley, Gr. /; / stone + /
parsley. Cf. Celery.] (Bot.) An
aromatic umbelliferous herb (Carum Petroselinum),
having finely divided leaves which are used in cookery and as a
garnish.
As she went to the garden for parsley, to stuff a
rabbit.
Shak.
Fool's parsley. See under Fool.
-- Hedge parsley, Milk parsley,
Stone parsley, names given to various weeds
of similar appearance to the parsley. -- Parsley
fern (Bot.), a small fern with leaves
resembling parsley (Cryptogramme crispa). --
Parsley piert (Bot.), a small herb
(Alchemilla arvensis) formerly used as a remedy for
calculus.
Pars"nip (?), n. [OE.
parsnepe, from a French form, fr. L.
pastinaca; cf. pastinare to dig up,
pastinum a kind of dibble; cf. OF.
pastenade, pastenaque.]
(Bot.) The aromatic and edible spindle-shaped
root of the cultivated form of the Pastinaca sativa, a
biennial umbelliferous plant which is very poisonous in its wild
state; also, the plant itself.
Cow parsnip. See Cow parsnip. --
Meadow parsnip, the European cow parsnip. --
Poison parsnip, the wild stock of the
parsnip. -- Water parsnip, any plant of the
umbelliferous genus Sium, the species of which are
poisonous.
Par"son (?), n. [OE.
persone person, parson, OF. persone, F.
personne person, LL. persona (sc.
ecclesiae), fr. L. persona a person. See
Person.]
1. (Eng. Eccl. Law) A person who
represents a parish in its ecclesiastical and corporate
capacities; hence, the rector or incumbent of a parochial church,
who has full possession of all the rights thereof, with the cure
of souls.
2. Any clergyman having ecclesiastical preferment;
one who is in orders, or is licensed to preach; a preacher.
He hears the parson pray and preach.
Longfellow.
Parson bird (Zo\'94l.), a New
Zealand bird (Prosthemadera Nov\'91seelandi\'91)
remarkable for its powers of mimicry and its ability to
articulate words. Its color is glossy black, with a curious tuft
of long, curly, white feathers on each side of the throat. It is
often kept as a cage bird.
Par"son*age (?), n. 1.
(Eng. Eccl. Law) A certain portion of lands,
tithes, and offerings, for the maintenance of the parson of a
parish.
2. The glebe and house, or the house only, owned by
a parish or ecclesiastical society, and appropriated to the
maintenance or use of the incumbent or settled pastor.
3. Money paid for the support of a parson.
[Scot.]
What have I been paying stipend and teind,
parsonage and vicarage, for?
Sir W. Scott.
Par"soned (?), a. Furnished
with a parson.
{ Par*son"ic (?), Par*son"ic*al
(?), } a. Of or pertaining to a
parson; clerical.
Vainglory glowed in his parsonic heart.
Colman.
-- Par*son"ic*al*ly,
adv.
Par"son*ish (?), a. Appropriate
to, or like, a parson; -- used in disparagement.
[Colloq.]
Part (?), n. [F.
part, L. pars, gen. partis; cf.
parere to bring forth, produce. Cf. Parent,
Depart, Parcel, Partner,
Party, Portion.] 1. One of
the portions, equal or unequal, into which anything is divided,
or regarded as divided; something less than a whole; a number,
quantity, mass, or the like, regarded as going to make up, with
others, a larger number, quantity, mass, etc., whether actually
separate or not; a piece; a fragment; a fraction; a division; a
member; a constituent.
And kept back part of the price, . . . and brought
a certain part and laid it at the apostles'feet.
Acts v. 2.
Our ideas of extension and number -- do they not contain a
secret relation of the parts ?
Locke.
I am a part of all that I have met.
Tennyson.
2. Hence, specifically: (a) An equal
constituent portion; one of several or many like quantities,
numbers, etc., into which anything is divided, or of which it is
composed; proportional division or ingredient.
An homer is the tenth part of an ephah.
Ex. xvi. 36.
A thought which, quartered, hath but one part
wisdom,
And ever three parts coward.
Shak.
(b) A constituent portion of a living or spiritual
whole; a member; an organ; an essential element.
All the parts were formed . . . into one harmonious
body.
Locke.
The pulse, the glow of every part.
Keble.
(c) A constituent of character or capacity;
quality; faculty; talent; -- usually in the plural with a
collective sense. \'bdMen of considerable
parts.\'b8 Burke. \'bdGreat quickness of
parts.\'b8 Macaulay.
Which maintained so politic a state of evil, that they will
not admit any good part to intermingle with them.
Shak.
(d) Quarter; region; district; -- usually in the
plural. \'bdThe uttermost part of the
heaven.\'b8 Neh. i. 9.
All parts resound with tumults, plaints, and
fears.
Dryden.
(e) (Math.) Such portion of any
quantity, as when taken a certain number of times, will exactly
make that quantity; as, 3 is a part of 12; -- the
opposite of multiple. Also, a line or other element of
a geometrical figure.
3. That which belongs to one, or which is assumed
by one, or which falls to one, in a division or apportionment;
share; portion; lot; interest; concern; duty; office.
We have no part in David.
2 Sam. xx. 1.
Accuse not Nature! she hath done her part;
Do thou but thine.
Milton.
Let me bear
My part of danger with an equal share.
Dryden.
4. Hence, specifically: (a) One of the
opposing parties or sides in a conflict or a controversy; a
faction.
For he that is not against us is on our part.
Mark ix. 40.
Make whole kingdoms take her brother's part.
Waller.
(b) A particular character in a drama or a play; an
assumed personification; also, the language, actions, and
influence of a character or an actor in a play; or, figuratively,
in real life. See To act a part, under
Act.
That part
Was aptly fitted and naturally performed.
Shak.
It was a brute part of him to kill so capital a
calf.
Shak.
Honor and shame from no condition rise;
Act well your part, there all the honor lies.
Pope.
(c) (Mus.) One of the different melodies
of a concerted composition, which heard in union compose its
harmony; also, the music for each voice or instrument; as,
the treble, tenor, or bass part; the violin
part, etc.
For my part, so far as concerns me; for my
share. -- For the most part. See under
Most, a. -- In good part,
as well done; favorably; acceptably; in a friendly
manner. Hooker. In ill part,
unfavorably; with displeasure. -- In part,
in some degree; partly. -- Part and parcel,
an essential or constituent portion; -- a reduplicative
phrase. Cf. might and main, kith and
kin, etc. \'bdShe was . . . part and parcel of
the race and place.\'b8 Howitt. -- Part of
speech (Gram.), a sort or class of words of
a particular character; thus, the noun is a part of
speech denoting the name of a thing; the verb is a part
of speech which asserts something of the subject of a
sentence. -- Part owner (Law), one
of several owners or tenants in common. See Joint
tenant, under Joint. -- Part
singing, singing in which two or more of the harmonic
parts are taken. -- Part song, a song in two
or more (commonly four) distinct vocal parts. \'bdA part
song differs from a madrigal in its exclusion of
contrapuntual devices; from a glee, in its being sung by many
voices, instead of by one only, to each part.\'b8 Stainer &
Barrett.
Syn. -- Portion; section; division; fraction; fragment;
piece; share; constituent. See Portion, and
Section.
Part (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Parted; p. pr.
& vb. n. Parting.] [F.
partir, L. partire, partiri, p.
p. partitus, fr. pars, gen.
partis, a part. See Part,
n.]
1. To divide; to separate into distinct parts; to
break into two or more parts or pieces; to sever. \'bdThou
shalt part it in pieces.\'b8
Lev. ii. 6.
There, [celestial love] parted into rainbow
hues.
Keble.
2. To divide into shares; to divide and distribute;
to allot; to apportion; to share.
To part his throne, and share his heaven with
thee.
Pope.
They parted my raiment among them.
John xix. 24.
3. To separate or disunite; to cause to go apart;
to remove from contact or contiguity; to sunder.
The Lord do so to me, and more also, if aught but death
part thee and me.
Ruth i. 17.
While he blessed them, he was parted from them, and
carried up into heaven.
Luke xxiv. 51.
The narrow seas that part
The French and English.
Shak.
4. Hence: To hold apart; to stand between; to
intervene betwixt, as combatants.
The stumbling night did part our weary powers.
Shak.
5. To separate by a process of extraction,
elimination, or secretion; as, to part gold from
silver.
The liver minds his own affair, . . .
And parts and strains the vital juices.
Prior.
6. To leave; to quit. [Obs.]
Since presently your souls must part your
bodies.
Shak.
To part a cable (Naut.), to break
it. -- To part company, to separate, as
travelers or companions.
Part, v. i. 1. To be broken or
divided into parts or pieces; to break; to become separated; to
go asunder; as, rope parts; his hair parts
in the middle.
2. To go away; to depart; to take leave; to quit
each other; hence, to die; -- often with from.
He wrung Bassanio's hand, and so they parted.
Shak.
He owned that he had parted from the duke only a
few hours before.
Macaulay.
His precious bag, which he would by no means part
from.
G. Eliot.
3. To perform an act of parting; to relinquish a
connection of any kind; -- followed by with or
from.
Celia, for thy sake, I part
With all that grew so near my heart.
Waller.
Powerful hands . . . will not part
Easily from possession won with arms.
Milton.
It was strange to him that a father should feel no tenderness
at parting with an only son.
A. Trollope.
4. To have a part or share; to partake.
[Obs.] \'bdThey shall part alike.\'b8
1 Sam. xxx. 24.
Part, adv. Partly; in a measure.
[R.]
Shak.
Part"a*ble (?), a. See
Partible.
Camden.
Part"age (?), n. [F. See
Part, v. & n.]
1. Division; the act of dividing or sharing.
[Obs.]
Fuller.
2. Part; portion; share. [Obs.]
Ford.
Par*take" (?), v. i.
[imp. Partook (?);
p. p. Partaken (/); p. pr. &
vb. n. Partaking.]
[Part + take.]
1. To take a part, portion, lot, or share, in
common with others; to have a share or part; to participate; to
share; as, to partake of a feast with
others. \'bdBrutes partake in this
faculty.\'b8
Locke.
When I against myself with thee partake.
Shak.
2. To have something of the properties, character,
or office; -- usually followed by of.
The attorney of the Duchy of Lancaster partakes
partly of a judge, and partly of an attorney-general.
Bacon.
<-- p. 1046 -->
Par*take" (?), v. t. 1.
To partake of; to have a part or share in; to share.
Let every one partake the general joy.
Driden.
2. To admit to a share; to cause to participate; to
give a part to. [Obs.]
Spencer.
3. To distribute; to communicate.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Par*tak"er (?), n. 1.
One who partakes; a sharer; a participator.
Partakers of their spiritual things.
Rom. xv. 27.
Wish me partaker in my happiness.
Shark.
2. An accomplice; an associate; a partner.
[Obs.]
Partakers wish them in the blood of the
prophets.
Matt. xxiii. 30.
Par"tan (?), n. [Cf. Ir. &
Gael. partan.] (Zo\'94l.) An
edible British crab. [Prov. Eng.]
Part"ed (?), a. 1.
Separated; devided.
2. Endowed with parts or abilities.
[Obs.]
B. Jonson.
3. (Bot.) Cleft so that the divisions
reach nearly, but not quite, to the midrib, or the base of the
blade; -- said of a leaf, and used chiefly in composition;
as, three-parted, five-parted,
etc.
Gray.
Part"er (?), n. One who, or
which, parts or separates.
Sir P. Sidney.
Par*terre" (?), n. [F., fr.
par on, by (L. per)+terre earth,
ground, L. terra. See Terrace.]
1. (Hort.) An ornamental and diversified
arrangement of beds or plots, in which flowers are cultivated,
with intervening spaces of gravel or turf for walking on.
2. The pit of a theater; the parquet.
[France]
Par*the"ni*ad (?), n. [See
Parthenic.] A poem in honor of a
virgin. [Obs.]
Par*then"ic (?), a. [Gr. /,
fr. / a maid, virgin.] Of or pertaining to the
Spartan Partheni\'91, or sons of unmarried women.
Par`the*no*gen"e*sis (?), n.
[Gr. parqe`nos a virgin + E.
genesis.] 1. (Biol.)
The production of new individuals from virgin females by
means of ova which have the power of developing without the
intervention of the male element; the production, without
fertilization, of cells capable of germination. It is one of the
phenomena of alternate generation. Cf. Heterogamy, and
Metagenesis.
2. (Bot.) The production of seed without
fertilization, believed to occur through the nonsexual formation
of an embryo extraneous to the embrionic vesicle.
Par`the*no*ge*net"ic, a. (Biol.)
Of, pertaining to, or produced by, parthenogenesis; as,
parthenogenetic forms. --
Par`the*no*ge*net"ic*al*ly,
adv.
Par`the*no*gen"i*tive (?), a.
(Biol.) Parthenogenetic.
Par`the*nog"e*ny (?), n.
(Biol.) Same as Parthenogenesis.
Par"the*non (?), n. [L., fr.
Gr. Parqenw`n, fr.parqe`nos a virgin, i.
e., Athene, the Greek goddess called also Pallas.] A
celebrated marble temple of Athene, on the Acropolis at Athens.
It was of the pure Doric order, and has had an important
influence on art.
\'d8Par*ten"o*pe (?), n. [L.,
the name of a Siren, fr. Gr. /.] 1. (Gr.
Myth.) One of the Sirens, who threw herself into the
sea, in despair at not being able to beguile Ulysses by her
songs.
2. One of the asteroids between Mars and Jupiter,
descovered by M. de Gasparis in 1850.
Par"thi*an (?), a. Of or
pertaining to ancient Parthia, in Asia. --
n. A native Parthia.
Parthian arrow, an arrow discharged at an
enemy when retreating from him, as was the custom of the ancient
Parthians; hence, a parting shot.
Par"tial (?), a. [F., fr. LL.
partials, fr. L. pars, gen.
partis, a part; cf. (for sense 1) F.
partiel. See Part, n.]
1. Of, pertaining to, or affecting, a part only;
not general or universal; not total or entire; as, a
partial eclipse of the moon.
\'bdPartial dissolutions of the earth.\'b8
T. Burnet.
2. Inclined to favor one party in a cause, or one
side of a question, more then the other; baised; not indifferent;
as, a judge should not be partial.
Ye have been partial in the law.
Mal. ii. 9.
3. Having a predelection for; inclined to favor
unreasonably; foolishly fond. \'bdA partial
parent.\'b8
Pope.
Not partial to an ostentatious display.
Sir W. Scott.
4. (Bot.) Pertaining to a subordinate
portion; as, a compound umbel is made up of a several
partial umbels; a leaflet is often supported by a
partial petiole.
Partial differentials, Partial
differential coefficients, Partial
differentiation, etc. (of a function of two or
more variables), the differentials, differential coefficients,
differentiation etc., of the function, upon the hypothesis that
some of the variables are for the time constant. --
Partial fractions (Alg.), fractions
whose sum equals a given fraction. -- Partial
tones (Music), the simple tones which in
combination form an ordinary tone; the overtones, or harmonics,
which, blending with a fundamental tone, cause its special
quality of sound, or timbre, or tone color. See, also,
Tone.
Par"tial*ism (?), n.
Partiality; specifically (Theol.), the doctrine
of the Partialists.
Par"tial*ist n. 1. One who is
partial. [R.]
2. (Theol.) One who holds that the
atonement was made only for a part of mankind, that is, for the
elect.
Par`ti*al"i*ty (?; 277), n.
[Cf. F. partialit\'82.] 1.
The quality or state of being partial; inclination to favor
one party, or one side of a question, more than the other; undue
bias of mind.
2. A predilection or inclination to one thing
rather than to others; special taste or liking; as, a
partiality for poetry or painting.
Roget.
Par"tial*ize (?), v. t. & i. To
make or be partial. [R.]
Par"tial*ly adv. 1. In part;
not totally; as, partially true; the sun
partially eclipsed.
Sir T. Browne.
2. In a partial manner; with undue bias of mind;
with unjust favor or dislike; as, to judge
partially.
Shak.
Part`i*bil"i*ty (?), n. [From
Partible.] The quality or state of being
partible; divisibility; separability; as, the
partibility of an inherttance.
Part"i*ble (?), a. [L.
partibilis, fr. partire to part, divide,
fr. L. pars: cf. F. partible. See
Part.] Admitting of being parted; divisible;
separable; susceptible of severance or partition; as, an
estate of inheritance may be partible.
\'bdMake the molds partible.\'b8
Bacon.
Par*tic"i*pa*ble (?), a.
Capable of being participated or shared.
[R.]
Norris.
Par*tic"i*pant (?), a. [L.
participans, p.pr. of participare: cf. F.
participant. See Participate.]
Sharing; participating; having a share of part.
Bacon.
Par*tic"i*pant, n. A participator; a
partaker.
Participants in their . . . mysterious rites.
Bp. Warburton.
Par*tic"i*pant*ly, adv. In a participant
manner.
Par*tic"i*pate (?), a. [L.
participatus, p.p. of participare to
participate; pars, partis, part +
capere to take. See Part, and
Capacious.] Acting in common;
participating. [R.]
Shak.
Par*tic"i*pate (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Participated
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Participating.] Tj have a share in
common with others; to take a part; to partake; -- followed by
in, formely by of; as, to
participate in a debate.
Shak.
So would he participateof their wants.
Hayward.
Mine may come when men
With angels may participate.
Milton.
Par*tic"i*pate, v. t. 1. To
partake of; to share in; to receive a part of.
[R.]
Fit to participate all rational delight.
Milton.
2. To impart, or give, or share of.
[Obs.]
Drayton.
Par*tic`i*pa"tion (?), n. [F.
participation, L. participatio.]
1. The act or state of participating, or sharing in
common with others; as, a participation in joy or
sorrows.
These deities are so by participation.
Bp. Stillingfleet.
What an honor, that God should admit us into such a blessed
participation of himself!
Atterbury.
2. Distribution; division into shares.
[Obs.]
Raleigh.
3. community; fellowship; association.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Par*tic"i*pa*tive (?), a. [Cf.
F. participatif.] Capable of
participating.
Par*tic"i*pa`tor (?), n.
[L.] One who participates, or shares with
another; a partaker.
Par`ti*cip"i*al (?), a. [L.
participialis: cf. E. participal. See
Participle.] Having, or partaking of, the
nature and use of a participle; formed from a participle; as,
a participial noun.
Lowth.
Par`ti*cip"i*al, n. A participial
word.
Par`ti*cip"i*al*ize (?), v. t.
[imp. & p.p Participialized
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Participializing.] To form into, or put
in the form of, a participle. [R.]
Par`ti*cip"i*al*ly, adv. In the sense or
manner of a participle.
Par"ti*ci*ple (?), n. [F.
participe, L. participium, fr.
particeps sharing, participant; pars, gen.
partis, a part + capere to take. See
Participate.] 1. (Gram.)
A part of speech partaking of the nature both verb and
adjective; a form of a verb, or verbal adjective, modifying a
noun, but taking the adjuncts of the verb from which it is
derived. In the sentences: a letter is written;
being asleep he did not hear; exhausted by
toil he will sleep soundly, -- written,
being, and exhaustedare
participles.
By a participle, [I understand] a verb in an
adjectival aspect.
Earle.
Present participles, called also
imperfect, or incomplete,
participles, end in -ing. Past
participles, called also perfect, or
complete, participles, for the most part
end in -ed, -d, -t,
-en, or -n. A participle when used merely
as an attribute of a noun, without reference to time, is called
an adjective, or a participial adjective;
as, a written constitution; a rolling
stone; the exhausted army. The verbal noun in
-ing has the form of the present participle. See
Verbal noun, under Verbal,
a.
2. Anything that partakes of the nature of
different things. [Obs.]
The participles or confines between plants and
living creatures.
Bacon.
Par"ti*cle (?), n. [L.
particula, dim of pars, gen
partis, a part: cf. F. particule. See
Part, and cf. Parcel.] 1. A
minute part or portion of matter; a morsel; a little bit; an
atom; a jot; as, a particle of sand, of wood, of
dust.
The small size of atoms which unite
To make the smallest particle of light.
Blackmore.
2. Any very small portion or part; the smallest
portion; as, he has not a particle of patriotism or
virtue.
The houses had not given their commissioners authority in the
least particle to recede.
Clarendon.
3. (R. C. Ch.) (a) A crumb or
little piece of concecrated host. (b) The
smaller hosts distributed in the communion of the laity.
Bp. Fitzpatrick.
4. (Gram.) A subordinate word that is
never inflected (a preposition, conjunction, interjection); or a
word that can not be used except in compositions; as,
ward in backward, ly in
lovely.
<-- elementary particle (Physics) -->
Par"ti*col`ored, a. Same as
Party-colored.
Par*tic"u*lar (?), a. [OE.
particuler, F. particulier, L.
particularis. See Particle.]
1. Relating to a part or portion of anything;
concerning a part separated from the whole or from others of the
class; separate; sole; single; individual; specific; as, the
particular stars of a constellation.
Shak.
[/Make] each particular hair to stand an end,
Like quills upon the fretful porpentine.
Shak.
Seken in every halk and every herne
Particular sciences for to lerne.
Chaucer.
2. Of or pertaining to a single person, class, or
thing; belonging to one only; not general; not common; hence,
personal; peculiar; singular. \'bdThine own
particular wrongs.\'b8
Shak.
Wheresoever one plant draweth such a particular
juice out of the earth.
Bacon.
3. Separate or distinct by reason of superiority;
distinguished; important; noteworthy; unusual; special; as,
he brought no particular news; she was the
particular belle of the party.
4. Concerned with, or attentive to, details;
minute; circumstantial; precise; as, a full and
particular account of an accident; hence, nice;
fastidious; as, a man particular in his
dress.
5. (Law) (a) Containing a part
only; limited; as, a particular estate, or one
precedent to an estate in remainder. (b)
Holding a particular estate; as, a particular
tenant.
Blackstone.
6. (Logic) Forming a part of a genus;
relatively limited in extension; affirmed or denied of a part of
a subject; as, a particular proposition; -- opposed
to universal: e. g. (particular
affirmative) Some men are wise; (particular negative)
Some men are not wise.
Particular average. See under
Average. -- Particular Baptist, one
of a branch of the Baptist denomination the members of which hold
the doctrine of a particular or individual election and
reprobation. -- Particular lien (Law),
a lien, or a right to retain a thing, for some charge or
claim growing out of, or connected with, that particular
thing. -- Particular redemption, the doctrine
that the purpose, act, and provisions of redemption are
restricted to a limited number of the human race. See
Calvinism.
Syn. -- Minute; individual; respective; appropriate;
peculiar; especial; exact; specific; precise; critical;
circumstantial. See Minute.
Par*tic"u*lar (?), n. 1.
A separate or distinct member of a class, or part of a
whole; an individual fact, point, circumstance, detail, or item,
which may be considered separately; as, the
particulars of a story.
Particulars which it is not lawful for me to
reveal.
Bacon.
It is the greatest interest of particulars to
advance the good of the community.
L'Estrange.
2. Special or personal peculiarity, trait, or
character; individuality; interest, etc.
[Obs.]
For his particular I'll receive him gladly.
Shak.
If the particulars of each person be
considered.
Milton.
Temporal blessings, whether such as concern the public . . .
or such as concern our particular.
Whole Duty of Man.
3. (Law) One of the details or items of
grounds of claim; -- usually in the pl.; also, a bill
of particulars; a minute account; as, a particular
of premises.
The reader has a particular of the books wherein
this law was written.
Ayliffe.
Bill of particulars. See under Bill.
-- In particular, specially; peculiarly.
\'bdThis, in particular, happens to the lungs.\'b8
Blackmore. -- To go into particulars, to
relate or describe in detail or minutely.
Par*tic"u*lar*ism (?), n. [Cf.
F. particularisme.] 1. A minute
description; a detailed statement. [R.]
2. (Theol.) The doctrine of particular
election.
3. (German Politics) Devotion to the
interests of one's own kingdom or province rather than to those
of the empire.
Par*tic"u*lar*ist, n. [Cf. F.
particulariste.] One who holds to
particularism. -- Par*tic`u*lar*is"tic,
a.
Par*tic`u*lar"i*ty (?), n.; pl.
Particularities (#). [Cf. F.
particularit\'82.] 1. The state or
quality of being particular; distinctiveness; circumstantiality;
minuteness in detail.
2. That which is particular; as: (a)
Peculiar quality; individual characteristic;
peculiarity. \'bdAn old heathen altar with this
particularity.\'b8 Addison. (b)
Special circumstance; minute detail; particular.
\'bdEven descending to particularities.\'b8 Sir P.
Sidney. (c) Something of special or private
concern or interest.
Let the general trumpet blow his blast,
Particularities and petty sounds
To cease!
Shak.
Par*tic`u*lar*i*za"tion (?), n.
The act of particularizing.
Coleridge.
Par*tic"u*lar*ize (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Particularized
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Particularizing
(?).] [Cf. F.
particulariser.] To give as a particular,
or as the particulars; to mention particularly; to give the
particulars of; to enumerate or specify in detail.
He not only boasts of his parentage as an Israelite, but
particularizes his descent from Benjamin.
Atterbury.
Par*tic"u*lar*ize, v. i. To mention or
attend to particulars; to give minute details; to be
circumstantial; as, to particularize in a
narrative.
Par*tic"u*lar*ly, adv. 1. In a
particular manner; expressly; with a specific reference or
interest; in particular; distinctly.
2. In an especial manner; in a high degree; as,
a particularly fortunate man; a particularly
bad failure.
The exact propriety of Virgil I particularly
regarded as a great part of his character.
Dryden.
Par*tic"u*lar*ment (?), n. A
particular; a detail. [Obs.]
Par*tic"u*late (?), v. t. & i.
[See Particle.] To particularize.
[Obs.]
Par*tic"u*late (?), a. 1.
Having the form of a particle.
2. Referring to, or produced by, particles, such as
dust, minute germs, etc. [R.]
The smallpox is a particulate disease.
Tyndall.
Par"ting (?), a. [From
Part, v.] 1. Serving to
part; dividing; separating.
2. Given when departing; as, a parting
shot; a parting salute. \'bdGive him that
parting kiss.\'b8
Shak.
3. Departing. \'bdSpeed the
parting guest.\'b8
Pope.
4. Admitting of being parted; partible.
Parting fellow, a partner. [Obs.]
Chaucer. -- Parting pulley. See
under Pulley. -- Parting sand
(Founding), dry, nonadhesive sand, sprinkled upon
the partings of a mold to facilitate the separation. --
Parting strip (Arch.), in a sash
window, one of the thin strips of wood let into the pulley stile
to keep the sashes apart; also, the thin piece inserted in the
window box to separate the weights. -- Parting
tool (Mach.), a thin tool, used in turning
or planing, for cutting a piece in two.
<-- p. 1047 -->
Par"ting (?), n. 1.
The act of parting or dividing; the state of being parted;
division; separation. \'bdThe parting of the
way.\'b8
Ezek. xxi. 21.
2. A separation; a leave-taking.
Shak.
And there were sudden partings, such as press
The life from out young hearts.
Byron.
3. A surface or line of separation where a division
occurs.
4. (Founding) The surface of the sand of
one section of a mold where it meets that of another
section.
5. (Chem.) The separation and
determination of alloys; esp., the separation, as by acids, of
gold from silver in the assay button.
6. (Geol.) A joint or fissure, as in a
coal seam.
7. (Naut.) The breaking, as of a cable,
by violence.
8. (Min.) Lamellar separation in a
crystallized mineral, due to some other cause than cleavage, as
to the presence of twinning lamell\'91.
Par"ti*san (?), n. [F., fr. It.
partigiano. See Party, and cf.
Partisan a truncheon.] [Written also
partizan.] 1. An adherent to a
party or faction; esp., one who is strongly and passionately
devoted to a party or an interest. \'bdThe violence of a
partisan.\'b8
Macaulay.
Both sides had their partisans in the colony.
Jefferson.
2. (Mil.) (a) The commander of
a body of detached light troops engaged in making forays and
harassing an enemy. (b) Any member of such a
corps.
Par"ti*san, a. [Written also
partizan.] 1. Adherent to a party
or faction; especially, having the character of blind,
passionate, or unreasonable adherence to a party; as, blinded
by partisan zeal.
2. (Mil.) Serving as a partisan in a
detached command; as, a partisan officer or
corps.
Partisan ranger (Mil.), a member of
a partisan corps.
Par"ti*san, n. [F.
pertuisane, prob. fr. It. partigiana,
influenced in French by OF. pertuisier to pierce. It
was prob. so named as the weapon of some partisans, or
party men. Cf. Partisan one of a corps of light
troops.] A kind of halberd or pike; also, a truncheon;
a staff.
And make him with our pikes and partisans a
grave.
Shak.
Par"ti*san*ship, n. The state of being a
partisan, or adherent to a party; feelings or conduct appropriate
to a partisan.
\'d8Par*ti"ta (?), n.
[It.] (Mus.) A suite; a set of
variations.
Par"tite (?), a. [L.
partitus, p.p. of partire to part, divide,
from pars. See Part, and cf. Party,
a.] (Bot.) Divided nearly to the
base; as, a partite leaf is a simple separated down
nearly to the base.
Par*ti"tion (?), n. [F.
partition, L. partitio. See Part,
v.] 1. The act of parting or
dividing; the state of being parted; separation; division;
distribution; as, the partition of a
kingdom.
And good from bad find no partition.
Shak.
2. That which divides or separates; that by which
different things, or distinct parts of the same thing, are
separated; separating boundary; dividing line or space;
specifically, an interior wall dividing one part or apartment of
a house, an inclosure, or the like, from another; as, a brick
partition; lath and plaster
partitions.
No sight could pass
Betwixt the nice partitions of the grass.
Dryden.
3. A part divided off by walls; an apartment; a
compartment. [R.] \'bdLodged in a small
partition.\'b8
Milton.
4. (Law.) The servance of common or
undivided interests, particularly in real estate. It may be
effected by consent of parties, or by compulsion of law.
5. (Mus.) A score.
Partition of numbers (Math.), the
resolution of integers into parts subject to given
conditions.
Brande & C.
Par*ti"tion (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Partitioned
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Partitioning.] 1. To divide
into parts or shares; to divide and distribute; as, to
partition an estate among various heirs.
2. To divide into distinct parts by lines, walls,
etc.; as, to partition a house.
Uniform without, though severally partitioned
within.
Bacon.
Par*ti"tion*ment (?), n. The
act of partitioning.
Par"ti*tive (?), a. [Cf. F.
partitif.] (Gram.) Denoting a
part; as, a partitive genitive.
Par"ti*tive, n. (Gram.) A
word expressing partition, or denoting a part.
Par"ti*tive*ly, adv. In a partitive
manner.
Part"let (?), n. [Dim. of
part.] 1. A covering for the neck,
and sometimes for the shoulders and breast; originally worn by
both sexes, but laterby women alone; a ruff.
[Obs.]
Fuller.
2. A hen; -- so called from the ruffing of her neck
feathers. \'bdDame Partlett, the hen.\'b8
Shak.
Part"ly, adv. In part; in some measure
of degree; not wholly. \'bdI partly believe
it.\'b8
1 Cor. xi. 18.
Part"ner (?), n. [For
parcener, influenced by part.]
1. One who has a part in anything with an other; a
partaker; an associate; a sharer. \'bdPartner of his
fortune.\'b8 Shak. Hence: (a) A husband or a
wife. (b) Either one of a couple who dance together.
(c) One who shares as a member of a partnership in the
management, or in the gains and losses, of a business.
My other self, the partner of my life.
Milton.
2. (Law) An associate in any business or
occupation; a member of a partnership. See
Partnership.
3. pl. (Naut.) A framework
of heavy timber surrounding an opening in a deck, to strengthen
it for the support of a mast, pump, capstan, or the like.
Dormant, Silent,
partner. See under Dormant,
a.
Syn. -- Associate; colleague; coadjutor; confederate;
partaker; participator; companion; comrade; mate.
Part"ner, v. t. To associate, to
join. [Obs.]
Shak.
Part"ner*ship, n. 1. The state
or condition of being a partner; as, to be in
partnership with another; to have partnership
in the fortunes of a family or a state.
2. A division or sharing among partners; joint
possession or interest.
Rome, that ne'er knew three lordly heads before,
First fell by fatal partnership of power.
Rowe.
He does possession keep,
And is too wise to hazard partnership.
Dryden.
3. An alliance or association of persons for the
prosecution of an undertaking or a business on joint account; a
company; a firm; a house; as, to form a
partnership.
4. (Law) A contract between two or more
competent persons for joining together their money, goods, labor,
and skill, or any or all of them, under an understanding that
there shall be a communion of profit between them, and for the
purpose of carrying on a legal trade, business, or
adventure.
Kent. Story.
5. (Arith.) See Fellowship,
n., 6.
Limited partnership, a form of partnership in
which the firm consists of one or more general partners, jointly
and severally responsible as ordinary partners, and one or more
special partners, who are not liable for the debts of the
partnership beyond the amount of cash they contribute as
capital. -- Partnership in commendam, the
title given to the limited partnership (F. soci\'82t\'82 en
commandit\'82) of the French law, introduced into the code
of Louisiana. Burrill. -- Silent
partnership, the relation of partnership sustained by a
person who furnishes capital only.
Par*took" (?), imp. of
Partake.
Par"tridge (?), n. [OE.
partriche, pertriche, OF.
pertris, perdriz, F. perdrix, L.
perdix, -icis, fr. Gr. /.]
(Zo\'94l.) 1. Any one of numerous
species of small gallinaceous birds of the genus
Perdix and several related genera of the family
Perdicid\'91, of the Old World. The partridge is noted
as a game bird.
Full many a fat partrich had he in mew.
Chaucer.
Perdix
cinerea) and the red-legged partridge (Caccabis
rubra) of Southern Europe and Asia are well-known
species.
2. Any one of several species of quail-like birds
belonging to Colinus, and allied genera.
[U.S.]
Colinus
Virginianus) of the Eastern States; the plumed, or
mountain, partridge (Oreortyx pictus) of California;
the Massena partridge (Cyrtonyx Montezum\'91); and the
California partridge (Callipepla Californica).
3. The ruffed grouse (Bonasa
umbellus). [New Eng.]
Bamboo partridge (Zo\'94l.), a
spurred partridge of the genus Bambusicola. Several
species are found in China and the East Indies. --
Night partridge (Zo\'94l.), the
woodcock. [Local, U.S.] -- Painted
partridge (Zo\'94l.), a francolin of
South Africa (Francolinus pictus). --
Partridge berry. (Bot.) (a)
The scarlet berry of a trailing american plant
(Mitchella repens) of the order
Rubiace\'91, having roundish evergreen leaves, and
white fragrant flowers sometimes tinged with purple, growing in
pairs with the ovaries united, and producing the berries which
remain over winter; also, the plant itself. (b)
The fruit of the creeping wintergreen (Gaultheria
procumbens); also, the plant itself. -- Partridge
dove (Zo\'94l.) Same as Mountain
witch, under Mountain. -- Partridge
pea (Bot.), a yellow-flowered leguminous
herb (Cassia Cham\'91crista), common in sandy fields
in the Eastern United States. -- Partridge shell
(Zo\'94l.), a large marine univalve shell
(Dolium perdix), having colors variegated like those
of the partridge. -- Partridge wood (a)
A variegated wood, much esteemed for cabinetwork. It is
obtained from tropical America, and one source of it is said to
be the leguminous tree Andira inermis. Called
also pheasant wood. (b) A name
sometimes given to the dark-colored and striated wood of some
kind of palm, which is used for walking sticks and umbrella
handles. -- Sea partridge (Zo\'94l.),
an Asiatic sand partridge (Ammoperdix Bonhami); --
so called from its note. -- Snow partridge
(Zo\'94l.), a large spurred partridge (Lerwa
nivicola) which inhabits the high mountains of Asia.
-- Spruce partridge. See under
Spruce. -- Wood partridge, Hill partridge (Zo\'94l.), any
small Asiatic partridge of the genus
Arboricola.
Par"ture (?), n.
Departure. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Par*tu"ri*ate (?), v. i. [See
Parturient.] To bring forth young.
[Obs.]
Par*tu"ri*en*cy (?), n.
Parturition.
Par*tu"ri*ent (?), a. [L.
parturiens, p.pr. of parturire to desire to
bring forth, fr. parere, partum, to bring
forth. See Parent.] Bringing forth, or about
to bring forth, young; fruitful.
Jer. Tailor.
Par*tu`ri*fa"cient (?), n. [L.
parturire to desire to bring forth + facere
to make.] (Med.) A medicine tending to
cause parturition, or to give relief in childbearing.
Dunglison.
Par*tu"ri*ous (?), a.
Parturient. [Obs.]
Drayton.
Par`tu*ri"tion (?), n. [L.
parturitio, fr. parturire: cf. F.
parturition. See Parturient.]
1. The act of bringing forth, or being delivered
of, young; the act of giving birth; delivery; childbirth.
2. That which is brought forth; a birth.
[Obs.]
Par*tu"ri*tive (?), a.
Pertaining to parturition; obstetric.
[R.]
Par"ty (?), n.; pl.
Parties (#). [F. parti
and partie, fr. F. partir to part, divide,
L. partire, partiri. See Part,
v.] 1. A part or portion.
[Obs.] \'bdThe most party of the
time.\'b8
Chaucer.
2. A number of persons united in opinion or action,
as distinguished from, or opposed to, the rest of a community or
association; esp., one of the parts into which a people is
divided on questions of public policy.
Win the noble Brutus to our party.
Shak.
The peace both parties want is like to last.
Dryden.
3. A part of a larger body of company; a
detachment; especially (Mil.), a small body of troops
dispatched on special service.
4. A number of persons invited to a social
entertainment; a select company; as, a dinner
party; also, the entertainment itself; as, to
give a party.
5. One concerned or interested in an affair; one
who takes part with others; a participator; as, he was a
party to the plot; a party to the
contract.
6. The plaintiff or the defendant in a lawsuit,
whether an individual, a firm, or corporation; a litigant.
The cause of both parties shall come before the
judges.
Ex. xxii. 9.
7. Hence, any certain person who is regarded as
being opposed or antagonistic to another.
It the jury found that the party slain was of
English race, it had been adjudged felony.
Sir J. Davies.
8. Cause; side; interest.
Have you nothing said
Upon this Party 'gainst the Duke of Albany?
Shak.
9. A person; as, he is a queer
party. [Now accounted a
vulgarism.]
\'bdFor several generations, our ancestors largely employed
party for person; but this use of the word,
when it appeared to be reviving, happened to strike, more
particularly, the fancy of the vulgar; and the consequence has
been, that the polite have chosen to leave it in their undisputed
possession.\'b8
Fitzed. Hall.
Party jury (Law), a jury composed
of different parties, as one which is half natives and half
foreigners. -- Party man, a partisan.
Swift. -- Party spirit, a factious
and unreasonable temper, not uncommonly shown by party men.
Whately. -- Party verdict, a joint
verdict. Shak. -- Party wall.
(a) (Arch.) A wall built upon the
dividing line between two adjoining properties, usually having
half its thickness on each property. (b)
(Law) A wall that separates adjoining houses, as
in a block or row.
Par"ty, a. [F. parti divided,
fr. partir to divide. See Part,
v., and cf. Partite.] 1.
(Her.) Parted or divided, as in the direction or
form of one of the ordinaries; as, an escutcheon
party per pale.
2. Partial; favoring one party.<-- partisan
-->
I will be true judge, and not party.
Chaucer.
Charter party. See under
Charter.
Par"ty, adv. Partly.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Par"ty-coat`ed (?), a. Having a
motley coat, or coat of divers colors.
Shak.
{ Par"ty-col`ored, Par"ti-col`ored
} (?), a. Colored with different
tints; variegated; as, a party-colored
flower. \'bdParti-colored lambs.\'b8
Shak.
Par"ty*ism (?), n. Devotion to
party.
Par`um*bil"ic*al (?), a. [Pref.
para- + umbilical.]
(Anat.) Near the umbilicus; -- applied especially
to one or more small veins which, in man, connect the portal vein
with the epigastric veins in the front wall of the abdomen.
\'d8Pa*ru"si*a (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. / presence, fr. / to be present; / beside + / to
be.] (Rhet.) A figure of speech by which
the present tense is used instead of the past or the future, as
in the animated narration of past, or in the prediction of
future, events.
Par`va*nim"i*ty (?), n. [L.
parvus little + animus mind.]
The state or quality of having a little or ignoble mind;
pettiness; meanness; -- opposed to magnanimity.
De Quincey.
Par"ve*nu` (?), n. [F., prop.
p.p. of parvenir to attain to, to succeed, to rise to
high station, L. pervenire to come to; per
through + venire to come. See Par, prep., and
Come.] An upstart; a man newly risen into
notice.
{ Par"vis, Par"vise } (?),
n. [F. parvis, fr. LL.
paravisus, fr. L. paradisus. See
Paradise.] a court of entrance to, or an
inclosed space before, a church; hence, a church porch; --
sometimes formerly used as place of meeting, as for
lawyers.
Chaucer.
{ Par"vi*tude (?), Par"vi*ty
(?), } n. [L. parvitas,
fr. parvus little: cf. OF.
parvit\'82.] Littleness.
[Obs.]
Glanvill. Ray.
Par"vo*lin (?), n. (Physiol.
Chem.) A nonoxygenous ptomaine, formed in the
putrefaction of albuminous matters, especially of horseflesh and
mackerel.
Par"vo*line (?), n.
(Chem.) A liquid base, C/H/N, of the pyridine
group, found in coal tar; also, any one of the series of
isometric substances of which it is the type.
\'d8Pas (?), n. [F. See
Pace.] 1. A pace; a step, as in a
dance.
Chaucer.
2. Right of going foremost; precedence.
Arbuthnot.
Pa"san (?), n. (Zo\'94l.)
The gemsbok.
{ Pasch (?), \'d8Pas"cha
(?), } n. [AS. pascha,
L. pascha, Gr. /, fr. Heb. pesach, fr.
p\'besach to pass over: cf. OF. pasque, F.
p\'83que. Cf. Paschal, Paas,
Paque.] The passover; the feast of
Easter.
Pasch egg. See Easter egg, under
Easter. -- Pasch flower. See
Pasque flower, under Pasque.
Pas"chal (?), a. [L.
paschalis: cf. F. pascal. See
Pasch.] Of or pertaining to the passover, or
to Easter; as, a paschal lamb; paschal
eggs.
Longfellow.
Paschal candle (R. C. Ch.), a large
wax candle, blessed and placed on the altar on Holy Saturday, or
the day before Easter. -- Paschal flower. See
Pasque flower, under Pasque.
<-- p. 1048 -->
Pa*seng" (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The wild or bezoar goat. See
Goat.
Pash (?), v. t. [Prob. of
imitative origin, or possibly akin to box to fight
with the fists.] To strike; to crush; to smash; to
dash in pieces. [Obs.] P. Plowman.
\'bdI'll pash him o'er the face.\'b8
Shak.
Pash, n. [Scot., the pate. Cf.
Pash, v. t.] 1. The head;
the poll. [R.] \'bdA rough
pash.\'b8
Shak.
2. A crushing blow. [Obs.]
3. A heavy fall of rain or snow. [Prov.
Eng.]
Pa*sha" (?), n. [Turk.
p\'besh\'be, b\'besh\'be; cf. Per.
b\'besh\'be, b\'bedsh\'beh; perh. a
corruption of Per. p\'bedish\'beh. Cf.
Bashaw, Padishah, Shah.] An
honorary title given to officers of high rank in Turkey, as to
governers of provinces, military commanders, etc. The earlier
form was bashaw. [Written also
pacha.]
pasha of three
tails being the highest.
Pa*sha"lic (?), n. [Written
also pachalic.] [Turk.] The
jurisdiction of a pasha.
Pa*shaw" (?), n. See
Pasha.
{ Pas`i*graph"ic (?),
Pas`i*graph"ic*al (?) } a.
Of or pertaining to pasigraphy.
Pa*sig"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. /
for all (dat. pl. of / all) + -graphy.] A
system of universal writing, or a manner of writing that may be
understood and used by all nations.
Good.
Pas"i*la`ly (?), n. [Gr. /
for all (dat. pl. of / all) + / talking.] A form
of speech adapted to be used by all mankind; universal
language.
Pask (?), n. [See
Pasque.] See Pasch.
Pas"py (?), n. [F.
passe-pied.] A kind of minuet, in triple
time, of French origin, popular in the reign of Queen Elizabeth
and for some time after; -- called also passing
measure, and passymeasure.
Percy Smith.
Pasque (?), n. [OF.
pasque.] See Pasch.
Pasque flower (Bot.), a name of
several plants of the genus Anemone, section
Pulsatilla. They are perennial herbs with rather large
purplish blossoms, which appear in early spring, or about Easter,
whence the common name. Called also
campana.
Pas"quil (?), n. [It.
pasquillo.] See Pasquin.
[R.]
Pas"quil, v. t. [R.] See
Pasquin.
Pas"quil*ant (?), n. A
lampooner; a pasquiler. [R.]
Coleridge.
Pas"quil*er (?), n. A
lampooner. [R.]
Burton.
Pas"quin (?), n. [It.
pasquino a mutilated statue at Rome, set up against
the wall of the place of the Orsini; -- so called from a witty
cobbler or tailor, near whose shop the statue was dug up. On this
statue it was customary to paste satiric papers.] A
lampooner; also, a lampoon. See Pasquinade.
The Grecian wits, who satire first began,
Were pleasant pasquins on the life of man.
Dryden.
Pas"quin, v. t. To lampoon; to
satiraze. [R.]
To see himself pasquined and affronted.
Dryden.
Pas`quin*ade" (?), n. [F.
pasquinade, It. pasquinata.] A
lampoon or satirical writing.
Macaulay.
Pas`quin*ade", v. t. To lampoon, to
satirize.
Pass (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Passed (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Passing.]
[F. passer, LL. passare, fr. L.
passus step, or from pandere,
passum, to spread out, lay open. See
Pace.] 1. To go; to move; to
proceed; to be moved or transferred from one point to another; to
make a transit; -- usually with a following adverb or adverbal
phrase defining the kind or manner of motion; as, to
pass on, by, out, in, etc.; to pass swiftly,
directly, smoothly, etc.; to pass to the rear, under the
yoke, over the bridge, across the field, beyond the border,
etc. \'bdBut now pass over [i.e.,
pass on].\'b8
Chaucer.
On high behests his angels to and fro
Passed frequent.
Milton.
Sweet sounds rose slowly through their mouths,
And from their bodies passed.
Coleridge.
2. To move or be transferred from one state or
condition to another; to change possession, condition, or
circumstances; to undergo transition; as, the business has
passed into other hands.
Others, dissatisfied with what they have, . . .
pass from just to unjust.
Sir W. Temple.
3. To move beyond the range of the senses or of
knowledge; to pass away; hence, to disappear; to vanish; to
depart; specifically, to depart from life; to die.
Disturb him not, let him pass paceably.
Shak.
Beauty is a charm, but soon the charm will
pass.
Dryden.
The passing of the sweetest soul
That ever looked with human eyes.
Tennyson.
4. To move or to come into being or under notice;
to come and go in consciousness; hence, to take place; to occur;
to happen; to come; to occur progressively or in succession; to
be present transitorly.
So death passed upon all men.
Rom. v. 12.
Our own consciousness of what passes within our own
mind.
I. Watts.
5. To go by or glide by, as time; to elapse; to be
spent; as, their vacation passed
pleasantly.
Now the time is far passed.
Mark vi. 35
6. To go from one person to another; hence, to be
given and taken freely; as, clipped coin will not
pass; to obtain general acceptance; to be held or
regarded; to circulate; to be current; -- followed by
for before a word denoting value or estimation.
\'bdLet him pass for a man.\'b8
Shak.
False eloquence passeth only where true is not
understood.
Felton.
This will not pass for a fault in him.
Atterbury.
7. To advance through all the steps or stages
necessary to validity or effectiveness; to be carried through a
body that has power to sanction or reject; to receive legislative
sanction; to be enacted; as, the resolution passed;
the bill passed both houses of Congress.
8. To go through any inspection or test
successfully; to be approved or accepted; as, he attempted
the examination, but did not expect to pass.
9. To be suffered to go on; to be tolerated; hence,
to continue; to live alogn. \'bdThe play may
pass.\'b8
Shak.
10. To go unheeded or neglected; to proceed without
hindrance or opposition; as, we let this act
pass.
11. To go beyond bounds; to surpass; to be in
excess. [Obs.] \'bdThis passes,
Master Ford.\'b8
Shak.
12. To take heed; to care.
[Obs.]
As for these silken-coated slaves, I pass not.
Shak.
13. To go through the intestines.
Arbuthnot.
14. (Law) To be conveyed or transferred
by will, deed, or other instrument of conveyance; as, an
estate passes by a certain clause in a deed.
Mozley & W.
15. (Fencing) To make a lunge or pass;
to thrust.
16. (Card Playing) To decline to play in
one's turn; in euchre, to decline to make the trump.
She would not play, yet must not pass.
Prior.
To bring to pass, To come to
pass. See under Bring, and
Come. -- To pass away, to disappear;
to die; to vanish. \'bdThe heavens shall pass away.\'b8
2 Pet. iii. 10. \'bdI thought to pass away
before, but yet alive I am.\'b8 Tennyson. --
To pass by, to go near and beyond a certain person
or place; as, he passed by as we stood there. --
To pass into, to change by a gradual transmission;
to blend or unite with. -- To pass on, to
proceed. -- To pass on upon. (a) To happen to; to come
upon; to affect. \'bdSo death passed upon all
men.\'b8 Rom. v. 12. \'bdProvided no indirect act
pass upon our prayers to define them.\'b8 Jer.
Taylor. (b) To determine concerning; to give
judgment or sentence upon. \'bdWe may not pass
upon his life.\'b8 Shak. -- To pass
off, to go away; to cease; to disappear; as, an
agitation passes off. -- To pass
over, to go from one side or end to the other; to
cross, as a river, road, or bridge.
Pass (?), v. t. 1. In
simple, transitive senses; as: (a) To go by,
beyond, over, through, or the like; to proceed from one side to
the other of; as, to pass a house, a stream, a
boundary, etc. (b) Hence: To go from one
limit to the other of; to spend; to live through; to have
experience of; to undergo; to suffer. \'bdTo
pass commodiously this life.\'b8
Milton.
She loved me for the dangers I had passed.
Shak.
(c) To go by without noticing; to omit attention
to; to take no note of; to disregard.
Please you that I may pass This doing.
Shak.
I pass their warlike pomp, their proud array.
Dryden.
(d) To transcend; to surpass; to excel; to
exceed.
And strive to pass . . .
Their native music by her skillful art.
Spenser.
Whose tender power
Passes the strength of storms in their most desolate
hour.
Byron.
(e) To go successfully through, as an examination,
trail, test, etc.; to obtain the formal sanction of, as a
legislative body; as, he passed his examination; the
bill passed the senate.
2. In causative senses: as: (a) To cause
to move or go; to send; to transfer from one person, place, or
condition to another; to transmit; to deliver; to hand; to make
over; as, the waiter passed bisquit and cheese; the
torch was passed from hand to hand.
I had only time to pass my eye over the medals.
Addison.
Waller passed over five thousand horse and foot by
Newbridge.
Clarendon.
(b) To cause to pass the lips; to utter; to
pronounce; hence, to promise; to pledge; as, to pass
sentence.
Shak.
Father, thy word is passed.
Milton.
(c) To cause to advance by stages of progress; to
carry on with success through an ordeal, examination, or action;
specifically, to give legal or official sanction to; to ratify;
to enact; to approve as valid and just; as, he
passed the bill through the committee; the senate
passed the law. (e) To put in
circulation; to give currency to; as, to pass
counterfeit money. \'bdPass the happy
news.\'b8 Tennyson. (f) To cause to obtain
entrance, admission, or conveyance; as, to pass a
person into a theater, or over a railroad.
3. To emit from the bowels; to evacuate.
4. (Naut.) To take a turn with (a line,
gasket, etc.), as around a sail in furling, and make
secure.
5. (Fencing) To make, as a thrust,
punto, etc.
Shak.
Passed midshipman. See under Midshipman.
-- To pass a dividend, to omit the declaration and
payment of a dividend at the time when due. -- To pass
away, to spend; to waste. \'bdLest she pass
away the flower of her age.\'b8 Ecclus. xlii.
9.<-- (b) to die --> -- To pass by.
(a) To disregard; to neglect. (b)
To excuse; to spare; to overlook. -- To pass
off, to impose fraudulently; to palm off.
\'bdPassed himself off as a bishop.\'b8
Macaulay. -- To pass (something)
on upon (some one), to put upon
as a trick or cheat; to palm off. \'bdShe passed the
child on her husband for a boy.\'b8
Dryden. -- To pass over, to
overlook; not to note or resent; as, to pass over an
affront.
Pass, n. [Cf. F. pas (for
sense 1), and passe, fr. passer to pass.
See Pass, v. i.] 1. An
opening, road, or track, available for passing; especially, one
through or over some dangerous or otherwise impracticable
barrier; a passageway; a defile; a ford; as, a mountain
pass.
\'bdTry not the pass!\'b8 the old man said.
Longfellow.
2. (Fencing) A thrust or push; an
attempt to stab or strike an adversary.
Shak.
3. A movement of the hand over or along anything;
the manipulation of a mesmerist.
4. (Rolling Metals) A single passage of
a bar, rail, sheet, etc., between the rolls.
5. State of things; condition; predicament.
Have his daughters brought him to this pass.
Shak.
Matters have been brought to this pass.
South.
6. Permission or license to pass, or to go and
come; a psssport; a ticket permitting free transit or admission;
as, a railroad or theater pass; a military
pass.
A ship sailing under the flag and pass of an
enemy.
Kent.
7. Fig.: a thrust; a sally of wit.
Shak.
8. Estimation; character. [Obs.]
Common speech gives him a worthy pass.
Shak.
9. [Cf. Passus.] A part; a
division. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Pass boat (Naut.), a punt, or
similar boat. -- Pass book. (a) A
book in which a trader enters articles bought on credit, and then
passes or sends it to the purchaser. (b) See
Bank book. -- Pass box
(Mil.), a wooden or metallic box, used to carry
cartridges from the service magazine to the piece. --
Pass check, a ticket of admission to a place of
entertainment, or of readmission for one who goes away in
expectation of returning.
Pass"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F.
passable.] 1. Capable of being
passed, traveled, navigated, traversed, penetrated, or the like;
as, the roads are not passable; the stream is
passablein boats.
His body's a passable carcass if it be not hurt; it
is a throughfare for steel.
Shak.
2. Capable of being freely circulated or
disseminated; acceptable; generally receivable; current.
With men as with false money -- one piece is more or less
passable than another.
L'Estrange.
Could they have made this slander passable.
Collier.
3. Such as may be allowed to pass without serious
objection; tolerable; admissable; moderate; mediocre.
My version will appear a passable beauty when the
original muse is absent.
Dryden.
Pass"a*ble*ness, n. The quality of being
passable.
Pass"a*bly, adv. Tolerably;
moderately.
{ \'d8Pas`sa*ca*glia (?),
\'d8Pas`sa*ca*glio (?), } n.
[Sp. pasacalle a certain tune on the guitar,
prop., a tune played in passing through the streets.]
(Mus.) An old Italian or Spanish dance tune, in
slow three-four measure, with divisions on a ground bass,
resembling a chaconne.
{ Pas*sade" (?), Pas*sa"do
(?), } n. [F. passade;
cf. Sp. pasada. See Pass, v.
i.] 1. (Fencing) A pass or
thrust.
Shak.
2. (Man.) A turn or course of a horse
backward or forward on the same spot of ground.
Pas"sage (?), n. [F.
passage. See Pass, v. i.]
1. The act of passing; transit from one place to
another; movement from point to point; a going by, over, across,
or through; as, the passage of a man or a carriage;
the passage of a ship or a bird; the passage of
light; the passage of fluids through the pores or
channels of the body.
What! are my doors opposed against my passage!
Shak.
2. Transit by means of conveyance; journey, as by
water, carriage, car, or the like; travel; right, liberty, or
means, of passing; conveyance.
The ship in which he had taken passage.
Macaulay.
3. Price paid for the liberty to pass; fare;
as, to pay one's passage.
4. Removal from life; decease; departure;
death. [R.] \'bdEndure thy mortal
passage.\'b8
Milton.
When he is fit and season'd for his passage.
Shak.
5. Way; road; path; channel or course through or by
which one passes; way of exit or entrance; way of access or
transit. Hence, a common avenue to various apartments in a
building; a hall; a corridor.
And with his pointed dart
Explores the nearest passage to his heart.
Dryden.
The Persian army had advanced into the . . .
passages of Cilicia.
South.
6. A continuous course, process, or progress; a
connected or continuous series; as, the passage of
time.
The conduct and passage of affairs.
Sir J. Davies.
The passage and whole carriage of this action.
Shak.
7. A separate part of a course, process, or series;
an occurrence; an incident; an act or deed. \'bdIn thy
passages of life.\'b8
Shak.
The . . . almost incredible passage of their
unbelief.
South.
8. A particular portion constituting a part of
something continuous; esp., a portion of a book, speech, or
musical composition; a paragraph; a clause.
How commentators each dark passage shun.
Young.
9. Reception; currency. [Obs.]
Sir K. Digby.
10. A pass or en encounter; as, a
passage at arms.
No passages of love
Betwixt us twain henceforward evermore.
Tennyson.
11. A movement or an evacuation of the
bowels.
12. In parliamentary proceedings: (a) The
course of a proposition (bill, resolution, etc.) through the
several stages of consideration and action; as, during its
passage through Congress the bill was amended in both
Houses. (b) The advancement of a bill or other
proposition from one stage to another by an affirmative vote;
esp., the final affirmative action of the body upon a
proposition; hence, adoption; enactment; as, the
passage of the bill to its third reading was
delayed. \'bdThe passage of the Stamp
Act.\'b8
D. Hosack.
The final question was then put upon its
passage.
Cushing.
In passage, in passing; cursorily. \'bdThese .
. . have been studied but in passage.\'b8
Bacon. -- Middle passage,
Northeast passage, Northwest
passage. See under Middle,
Northeast, etc. -- Of passage,
passing from one place, region, or climate, to another;
migratory; -- said especially of birds \'bdBirds of
passage.\'b8 Longfellow. -- Passage
hawk, a hawk taken on its passage or migration. --
Passage money, money paid for conveyance of a
passenger, -- usually for carrying passengers by water.
<-- p. 1049 -->
Syn. -- Vestibule; hall; corridor. See
Vestibule.
Pas"sa*ger (?), n. [See
Passenger.] A passenger; a bird or boat of
passage. [Obs.]
Ld. Berners.
Pas"sage*way` (?), n. A way for
passage; a hall. See Passage, 5.
Pas"sant (?), a. [F., p.pr. of
passer. See Pass, v. i.]
1. Passing from one to another; in circulation;
current. [Obs.]
Many opinions are passant.
Sir T. Browne.
2. Curs/ry, careless. [Obs.]
On a passant rewiew of what I wrote to the
bishop.
Sir P. Pett.
3. Surpassing; excelling. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
4. (Her.) Walking; -- said of any animal
on an escutcheon, which is represented as walking with the dexter
paw raised.
{ \'d8Pas`s\'82", masc.
\'d8Pas`s\'82"e, fem. } (?),
a. [F.] Past; gone by; hence, past
one's prime; worn; faded; as, a pass\'82e
belle.
Ld. Lytton.
Passe"garde` (?), n. [F.]
(Anc. Armor) A ridge or projecting edge on a
shoulder piece to turn the blow of a lance or other weapon from
the joint of the armor.
Passe"ment (?), n. [F.]
Lace, gimp, braid etc., sewed on a garment.
Sir W. Scott.
Passe*men"terie (?), n.
[F.] Beaded embroidery for women's dresses.
Pas"sen*ger (?), n. [OE. & F.
passager. See Passage, and cf.
Messenger.] 1. A passer or
passer-by; a wayfarer.
Shak.
2. A traveler by some established conveyance, as a
coach, steamboat, railroad train, etc.
Passenger falcon (Zo\'94l.), a
migratory hawk. Ainsworth. -- Passenger
pigeon (Zo\'94l.), the common wild pigeon of
North America (Ectopistes migratorius), so called on
account of its extensive migrations.<-- now extinct!
-->
\'d8Passe" par`tout" (?), n.
[F., from passer to pass + partout
everywhere.] 1. That by which one can pass
anywhere; a safe-conduct. [Obs.]
Dryden.
2. A master key; a latchkey.
3. A light picture frame or mat of cardboard, wood,
or the like, usually put between the picture and the glass, and
sometimes serving for several pictures.
Pass"er (?), n. One who passes;
a passenger.
Pass`er-by" (?), n. One who
goes by; a passer.
\'d8Pas"se*res (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. L. passer a sparrow.]
(Zo\'94l.) An order, or suborder, of birds,
including more that half of all the known species. It embraces
all singing birds (Oscines), together with many other small
perching birds.
Pas*ser"i*form (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Like or belonging to the
Passeres.
Pas"ser*ine (?), a. [L.
passerinus, fr. passer a sparrow.]
(Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the
Passeres.
The columbine, gallinaceous, and passerine tribes
people the fruit trees.
Sydney Smith.
Pas"ser*ine, n. (Zo\'94l.)
One of the Passeres.
Pas`si*bil"i*ty (?), n. [L.
passibilitas: cf. F. passibilit\'82.]
The quality or state of being passible; aptness to feel or
suffer; sensibility.
Hakewill.
Pas"si*ble (?), a. [L.
passibilis, fr. pati, to suffer: cf. F.
passible. See Passion.]
Susceptible of feeling or suffering, or of impressions from
external agents.
Apolinarius, which held even deity itself
passible.
Hooker.
Pas"si*ble*ness, n. Passibility.
Brerewood.
\'d8Pas"si*flo"ra (?), n. [NL.,
from L. passio passion (fr. pati,
passus, to suffer) + flos,
floris, flower.] (Bot.) A genus
of plants, including the passion flower. It is the type of the
order Passiflore\'91, which includes about nineteen
genera and two hundred and fifty species.
\'d8Pas"sim (?), adv.
[L.] Here and there; everywhere; as, this
word occurs passim in the poem.
Pass"ing (?), n. The act of one
who, or that which, passes; the act of going by or away.
Passing bell, a tolling of a bell to announce
that a soul is passing, or has passed, from its body (formerly
done to invoke prayers for the dying); also, a tolling during the
passing of a funeral procession to the grave, or during funeral
ceremonies.
Sir W. Scott. Longfellow.
Pass"ing, a. 1. Relating to the
act of passing or going; going by, beyond, through, or away;
departing.
2. Exceeding; surpassing, eminent.
Chaucer. \'bdHer passing deformity.\'b8
Shak.
Passing note (Mus.), a character
including a passing tone. -- Passing tone
(Mus.), a tone introduced between two other tones,
on an unaccented portion of a measure, for the sake of smoother
melody, but forming no essential part of the harmony.
Pass"ing, adv. Exceedingly; excessively;
surpassingly; as, passing fair; passing
strange. \'bdYou apprehend passing
shrewdly.\'b8
Shak.
Pass"ing*ly, adv. Exceedingly.
Wyclif.
Pas"sion (?), n. [F., fr. L.
passio, fr. pati, passus, to
suffer. See Patient.] 1. A suffering
or enduring of imposed or inflicted pain; any suffering or
distress (as, a cardiac passion); specifically, the
suffering of Christ between the time of the last supper and his
death, esp. in the garden upon the cross. \'bdThe
passions of this time.\'b8
Wyclif (Rom. viii. 18).
To whom also he showed himself alive after his
passion, by many infallible proofs.
Acts i. 3.
2. The state of being acted upon; subjection to an
external agent or influence; a passive condition; -- opposed to
action.
A body at rest affords us no idea of any active power to move,
and, when set is motion, it is rather a passion than
an action in it.
Locke.
3. Capacity of being affected by external agents;
susceptibility of impressions from external agents.
[R.]
Moldable and not moldable, scissible and not scissible, and
many other passions of matter.
Bacon.
4. The state of the mind when it is powerfully
acted upon and influenced by something external to itself; the
state of any particular faculty which, under such conditions,
becomes extremely sensitive or uncontrollably excited; any
emotion or sentiment (specifically, love or anger) in a state of
abnormal or controlling activity; an extreme or inordinate
desire; also, the capacity or susceptibility of being so
affected; as, to be in a passion; the
passions of love, hate, jealously, wrath, ambition,
avarice, fear, etc.; a passion for war, or for drink; an
orator should have passion as well as rhetorical
skill. \'bdA passion fond even to
idolatry.\'b8 Macaulay. \'bdHer passion is to
seek roses.\'b8
Lady M. W. Montagu.
We also are men of like passions with you.
Acts xiv. 15.
The nature of the human mind can not be sufficiently
understood, without considering the affections and
passions, or those modifications or actions of the
mind consequent upon the apprehension of certain objects or
events in which the mind generally conceives good or evil.
Hutcheson.
The term passion, and its adverb
passionately, often express a very strong predilection
for any pursuit, or object of taste -- a kind of enthusiastic
fondness for anything.
Cogan.
The bravery of his grief did put me
Into a towering passion.
Shak.
The ruling passion, be it what it will,
The ruling passion conquers reason still.
Pope.
Who walked in every path of human life,
Felt every passion.
Akenside.
When statesmen are ruled by faction and interest, they can
have no passion for the glory of their country.
Addison.
5. Disorder of the mind; madness.
[Obs.]
Shak.
6. Passion week. See Passion week,
below.
R. of Gl.
Passion flower (Bot.), any flower
or plant of the genus Passiflora; -- so named from a
fancied resemblance of parts of the flower to the instruments of
our Savior's crucifixion.
Granadilla, and Maypop).
The roots and leaves are generally more or less noxious, and are
used in medicine. The plants are mostly tendril climbers, and are
commonest in the warmer parts of America, though a few species
are Asiatic or Australian.
Passion music (Mus.), originally,
music set to the gospel narrative of the passion of our Lord;
after the Reformation, a kind of oratorio, with narrative,
chorals, airs, and choruses, having for its theme the passion and
crucifixion of Christ. -- Passion play, a
mystery play, in which the scenes connected with the passion of
our Savior are represented dramatically. -- Passion
Sunday (Eccl.), the fifth Sunday in Lent, or
the second before Easter. -- Passion Week,
the last week but one in Lent, or the second week preceding
Easter. \'bdThe name of Passion week is frequently, but
improperly, applied to Holy Week.\'b8
Shipley.
Syn. -- Passion, Feeling,
Emotion. When any feeling or
emotion completely masters the mind, we call it a
passion; as, a passion for music, dress,
etc.; especially is anger (when thus extreme) called
passion. The mind, in such cases, is considered as
having lost its self-control, and become the passive instrument
of the feeling in question.
Pas"sion (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Passioned
(?); p.pr & vb. n.
Passioning.] To give a passionate
character to. [R.]
Keats.
Pas"sion, v. i. To suffer pain or
sorrow; to experience a passion; to be extremely agitated.
[Obs.] \'bdDumbly she passions,
frantically she doteth.\'b8
Shak.
Pas"sion*al (?), a. Of or
pertaining to passion or the passions; exciting, influenced by,
or ministering to, the passions. -- n.
A passionary.
Pas"sion*a*ry (?), n. [L.
passionarius: cf. F. passionaire.]
A book in which are described the sufferings of saints and
martyrs.
T. Warton.
Pas"sion*ate (?), a. [LL.
passionatus: cf. F. passionn\'82.]
1. Capable or susceptible of passion, or of
different passions; easily moved, excited or agitated;
specifically, easily moved to anger; irascible; quick-tempered;
as, a passionate nature.
Homer's Achilles is haughty and passionate.
Prior.
2. Characterized by passion; expressing passion;
ardent in feeling or desire; vehement; warm; as, a
passionate friendship. \'bdThe
passionate Pilgrim.\'b8
Shak.
3. Suffering; sorrowful. [Obs.]
Shak.
Pas"sion*ate (?), v. i. 1.
To affect with passion; to impassion.
[Obs.]
Great pleasure, mixed with pitiful regard,
The godly kind and queen did passionate.
Spenser.
2. To express feelingly or sorrowfully.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Pas"sion*ate*ly (?), adv.
1. In a passionate manner; with strong feeling;
ardently.
Sorrow expresses itself . . . loudly and
passionately.
South.
2. Angrily; irascibly.
Locke.
Pas"sion*ate*ness, n. The state or
quality of being passionate.
Pas"sion*ist, n. (R. C. Ch.)
A member of a religious order founded in Italy in 1737, and
introduced into the United States in 1852. The members of the
order unite the austerities of the Trappists with the activity
and zeal of the Jesuits and Lazarists. Called also
Barefooted Clerks of the Most Holy Cross.
Pas"sion*less (?), a. Void of
passion; without anger or emotion; not easily excited;
calm. \'bdSelf-contained and passionless.\'b8
Tennyson.
Pas"sion*tide` (?), n.
[Passion + tide time.] The
last fortnight of Lent.
Pas"sive (?), a. [L.
passivus: cf. F. passif. See
Passion.] 1. Not active, but acted
upon; suffering or receiving impressions or influences; as,
they were passive spectators, not actors in the
scene.
The passive air
Upbore their nimble tread.
Milton.
The mind is wholly passive in the reception of all
its simple ideas.
Locke.
2. Receiving or enduring without either active
sympathy or active resistance; without emotion or excitement;
patient; not opposing; unresisting; as, passive
obedience; passive submission.
The best virtue, passive fortitude.
Massinger.
3. (Chem.) Inactive; inert; not showing
strong affinity; as, red phosphorus is comparatively
passive.
4. (Med.) Designating certain morbid
conditions, as hemorrhage or dropsy, characterized by relaxation
of the vessels and tissues, with deficient vitality and lack of
reaction in the affected tissues.
Passive congestion (Med.),
congestion due to obstruction to the return of the blood from
the affected part. -- Passive iron
(Chem.), iron which has been subjected to the
action of heat, of strong nitric acid, chlorine, etc. It is then
not easily acted upon by acids. -- Passive
movement (Med.), a movement of a part, in
order to exercise it, made without the assistance of the muscles
which ordinarily move the part. -- Passive
obedience (as used by writers on government), obedience
or submission of the subject or citizen as a duty in all cases to
the existing government. -- Passive prayer,
among mystic divines, a suspension of the activity of the
soul or intellectual faculties, the soul remaining quiet, and
yielding only to the impulses of grace. --
Passive verb, Passive
voice (Gram.), a verb, or form of a
verb, which expresses the effect of the action of some agent; as,
in Latin, doceor, I am taught; in English, she is
loved; the picture is admired by all; he is
assailed by slander.
Syn. -- Inactive; inert; quiescent; unresisting; unopposing;
suffering; enduring; submissive; patient.
Pas"sive*ly, adv. 1. In a
passive manner; inertly; unresistingly.
2. As a passive verb; in the passive voice.
Pas"sive*ness, n. The quality or state
of being passive; unresisting submission.
To be an effect implies passiveness, or the being
subject to the power and action of its cause.
J. Edwards.
Pas*siv"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F.
passivit\'82.] 1. Passiveness; --
opposed to activity.
Jer. Taylor.
2. (Physics) The tendency of a body to
remain in a given state, either of motion or rest, till disturbed
by another body; inertia.
Cheyne.
3. (Chem.) The quality or condition of
any substance which has no inclination to chemical activity;
inactivity.
Pass"-key` (?), n. A key for
opening more locks than one; a master key.
Pass"less, a. Having no pass;
impassable.
Cowley.
Pass"man (?), n.; pl.
Passmen (/). One who passes for
a degree, without honors. See Classman, 2.
[Eng. Univ.]
Pass"o`ver (?), n.
[Pass + over. See Pasch.]
(Jewish Antiq.) (a) A feast of the Jews,
instituted to commemorate the sparing of the Hebrews in Egypt,
when God, smiting the firstborn of the Egyptians, passed
over the houses of the Israelites which were marked with
the blood of a lamb. (b) The sacrifice
offered at the feast of the passover; the paschal lamb.
Ex. xii.
Pass`-pa*role" (?), n. [F.
passe-parole.] (Mil.) An order
passed from front to rear by word of mouth.
Pass"port (/), n. [F.
passeport, orig., a permission to leave a port or to
sail into it; passer to pass + port a port,
harbor. See Pass, and Port a harbor.]
1. Permission to pass; a document given by the
competent officer of a state, permitting the person therein named
to pass or travel from place to place, without molestation, by
land or by water.
Caution in granting passports to Ireland.
Clarendon.
2. A document carried by neutral merchant vessels
in time of war, to certify their nationality and protect them
from belligerents; a sea letter.
3. A license granted in time of war for the removal
of persons and effects from a hostile country; a
safe-conduct.
Burrill.
4. Figuratively: Anything which secures advancement
and general acceptance.
Sir P. Sidney.
His passport is his innocence and grace.
Dryden.
\'d8Pas"sus (?), n.; pl. L.
Passus, E. Passuses (/).
[L., a step, a pace. See Pace.] A
division or part; a canto; as, the passus of Piers
Plowman. See 2d Fit.
Pass"word` (?), n. A word to be
given before a person is allowed to pass; a watchword; a
countersign.
Macaulay.
Pas"sy*meas`ure (?), n.
[Corrupted fr. It. passamezzo.]
[Obs.] See Paspy.
Shak.
Past (?), a. [From
Pass, v.] Of or pertaining to a
former time or state; neither present nor future; gone by;
elapsed; ended; spent; as, past troubles;
past offences. \'bdPast ages.\'b8
Milton.
Past master. See under
Master.
Past, n. A former time or state; a state
of things gone by. \'bdThe past, at least, is
secure.\'b8
D. Webster.
The present is only intelligible in the light of the
past, often a very remote past indeed.
Trench.
Past, prep. 1. Beyond, in
position, or degree; further than; beyond the reach or influence
of. \'bdWho being past feeling.\'b8 Eph. iv.
19. \'bdGalled past endurance.\'b8
Macaulay.
Until we be past thy borders.
Num. xxi. 22.
Love, when once past government, is consequently
past shame.
L'Estrange.
<-- p. 1050 -->
2. Beyond, in time; after; as, past
the hour.
Is it not past two o'clock?
Shak.
3. Above; exceeding; more than.
[R.]
Not past three quarters of a mile.
Shak.
Bows not past three quarters of a yard long.
Spenser.
Past (?), adv. By; beyond;
as, he ran past.
The alarum of drums swept past.
Longfellow.
Paste (?), n. [OF.
paste, F. p\'83te, L. pasta, fr.
Gr. / barley broth; cf. / barley porridge, / sprinkled with
salt, / to sprinkle. Cf. Pasty, n.,
Patty.] 1. A soft composition, as of
flour moistened with water or milk, or of earth moistened to the
consistence of dough, as in making potter's ware.
2. Specifically, in cookery, a dough prepared for
the crust of pies and the like; pastry dough.
3. A kind of cement made of flour and water, starch
and water, or the like, -- used for uniting paper or other
substances, as in bookbinding, etc., -- also used in calico
printing as a vehicle for mordant or color.
4. A highly refractive vitreous composition,
variously colored, used in making imitations of precious stones
or gems. See Strass.
5. A soft confection made of the inspissated juice
of fruit, licorice, or the like, with sugar, etc.
6. (Min.) The mineral substance in which
other minerals are imbedded.
Paste eel (Zo\'94l.), the vinegar
eel. See under Vinegar.
Paste, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Pasted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Pasting.] To unite with paste; to
fasten or join by means of paste.
Paste"board` (?), n. 1.
A stiff thick kind of paper board, formed of several single
sheets pasted one upon another, or of paper macerated and pressed
into molds, etc.
2. (Cookery) A board on which pastry
dough is rolled; a molding board.
Pas"tel (?), n. [F.; cf. It.
pastello. Cf. Pastil.] 1.
A crayon made of a paste composed of a color ground with gum
water. [Sometimes incorrectly written
pastil.] \'bdCharming heads in
pastel.\'b8
W. Black.
2. (Bot.) A plant affording a blue dye;
the woad (Isatis tinctoria); also, the dye
itself.
<--3. a drawing using pastel, or of a pastel shade.
4. the art or process of drawing with pastels.
5. any of various light or pale colors.
6. a light literary work, as a sketch. -->
Past"er (?), n. 1. One
who pastes; as, a paster in a government
department.
2. A slip of paper, usually bearing a name,
intended to be pasted by the voter, as a substitute, over another
name on a printed ballot. [Cant, U.S.]
Pas"tern (?), n. [Of.
pasturon, F. p\'83turon, fr. OF.
pasture a tether, for beasts while pasturing; prop., a
pasturing. See Pasture.] 1. The part
of the foot of the horse, and allied animals, between the fetlock
and the coffin joint. See Illust. of
Horse.
great pastern bone; the second, the
small pastern bone; and the third, in the hoof,
the coffin bone.
Pastern joint, the joint in the hoof of the
horse, and allied animals, between the great and small pastern
bones.
2. A shackle for horses while pasturing.
Knight.
3. A patten. [Obs.]
Dryden.
Pas*teur"ism (?), n. [Fr.
Pasteur, a French scientist.] 1. A
method of treatment, devised by Pasteur, for preventing certain
diseases, as hydrophobia, by successive inoculations with an
attenuated virus of gradually increasing strength.
2. Pasteurization.
Pas*teur`i*za"tion (?), n. A
process devised by Pasteur for preventing or checking
fermentation in fluids, such as wines, milk, etc., by exposure to
a temperature of 140
Pas*teur"ize (?), v. t. 1.
To subject to pasteurization.
2. To treat by pasteurizm.
\'d8Pas*tic"ci*o (?), n. [It.,
fr. pasta. See Paste.] 1.
A medley; an olio. [R.]
H. Swinburne.
2. (Fine Arts) (a) A work of
art imitating directly the work of another artist, or of more
artists than one. (b) A falsified work of
art, as a vase or statue made up of parts of original works, with
missing parts supplied.
{ Pas"til (?), Pas*tille"
(?), } n. [F. pastille,
L. pastillusa pastus food. See Pasture, and
cf. Pastel.] 1. (Pharmacy)
A small cone or mass made of paste of gum, benzoin,
cinnamon, and other aromatics, -- used for fumigating or scenting
the air of a room.
2. An aromatic or medicated lozenge; a
troche.
3. See Pastel, a crayon.
Pas"time` (?), n.
[Pass + time: cf. F.
passetemps.] That which amuses, and serves
to make time pass agreeably; sport; amusement; diversion.
Pas"time`, v. i. To sport; to amuse
one's self. [R.]
Pas"tor (?), n. [L., fr.
pascere, pastum, to pasture, to feed. Cf.
Pabulum, Pasture, Food.]
1. A shepherd; one who has the care of flocks and
herds.
2. A guardian; a keeper; specifically
(Eccl.), a minister having the charge of a church and
parish.
3. (Zo\'94l.) A species of starling
(Pastor roseus), native of the plains of Western Asia
and Eastern Europe. Its head is crested and glossy greenish
black, and its back is rosy. It feeds largely upon locusts.
Pas"tor*age (?), n. The office,
jurisdiction, or duty, of a pastor; pastorate.
Pas"tor*al (?), a. [L.
pastoralis: cf. F. pastoral. See
Pastor.] 1. Of or pertaining to
shepherds; hence, relating to rural life and scenes; as, a
pastoral life.
2. Relating to the care of souls, or to the pastor
of a church; as, pastoral duties; a
pastoral letter.
Pastoral staff (Eccl.), a staff,
usually of the form of a shepherd's crook, borne as an official
emblem by a bishop, abbot, abbess, or other prelate privileged to
carry it. See Crook, and Crosier. --
Pastoral Theology, that part of theology which
treats of the duties of pastors.
Pas"tor*al (?), n. 1.
A poem describing the life and manners of shepherds; a poem
in which the speakers assume the character of shepherds; an idyl;
a bucolic.
A pastoral is a poem in which any action or passion
is represented by its effects on a country life.
Rambler.
2. (Mus.) A cantata relating to rural
life; a composition for instruments characterized by simplicity
and sweetness; a lyrical composition the subject of which is
taken from rural life.
Moore (Encyc. of Music).
3. (Eccl.) A letter of a pastor to his
charge; specifically, a letter addressed by a bishop to his
diocese; also (Prot. Epis. Ch.), a letter of the House
of Bishops, to be read in each parish.
\'d8Pas`to*ra"le (?), n.
[It.] 1. (Mus.) A composition
in a soft, rural style, generally in 6-8 or 12-8 time.
2. A kind of dance; a kind of figure used in a
dance.
Pas"tor*al*ly (?), adv. 1.
In a pastoral or rural manner.
2. In the manner of a pastor.
Pas"tor*ate (?), n. [Cf. F.
pastorat. See Pastor.] The office,
state, or jurisdiction of a pastor.
Pas"tor*less, a. Having no pastor.
Pas"tor*ling (?), n. An
insignificant pastor. [R.]
Pas"tor*ly, a. Appropriate to a
pastor.
Milton.
Pas"tor*ship, n. Pastorate.
Bp. Bull.
Pas"try (?), n.; pl.
Pastries (/). 1. The
place where pastry is made. [Obs.]
Shak.
2. Articles of food made of paste, or having a
crust made of paste, as pies, tarts, etc.
Pastry cook, one whose occupation is to make
pastry; as, the pastry cook of a
hotel.
Pas"tur*a*ble (?), a. Fit for
pasture.
Pas"tur*age (?), n. [OF.
pasturage, F. p\'83turage. See
Pasture.] 1. Grazing ground; grass
land used for pasturing; pasture.
2. Grass growing for feed; grazing.
3. The business of feeding or grazing cattle.
Pas"ture (?), n. [OF.
pasture, F. p\'83ture, L.
pastura, fr. pascere, pastum, to
pasture, to feed. See Pastor.] 1.
Food; nourishment. [Obs.]
Toads and frogs his pasture poisonous.
Spenser.
2. Specifically: Grass growing for the food of
cattle; the food of cattle taken by grazing.
3. Grass land for cattle, horses, etc.;
pasturage.
He maketh me to lie down in green pastures.
Ps. xxiii. 2.
So graze as you find pasture.
Shak.
Pas"ture, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Pastured (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Pasturing.] To feed, esp. to
feed on growing grass; to supply grass as food for; as, the
farmer pastures fifty oxen; the land will
pasture forty cows.
Pas"ture, v. i. To feed on growing
grass; to graze.
Pas"ture*less, a. Destitute of
pasture.
Milton.
Pas"tur*er (?), n. One who
pastures; one who takes cattle to graze. See
Agister.
Pas"ty (?), a. Like paste, as
in color, softness, stickness. \'bdA pasty
complexion.\'b8
G. Eliot.
Pas"ty, n.; pl. Pasties
(#). [OF. past\'82, F.
p\'83t\'82. See Paste, and cf.
Patty.] A pie consisting usually of meat
wholly surrounded with a crust made of a sheet of paste, and
often baked without a dish; a meat pie. \'bdIf ye pinch me
like a pasty.\'b8 Shak. \'bdApple
pasties.\'b8 Dickens.
A large pasty baked in a pewter platter.
Sir W. Scott.
Pat (?), v. t. [imp.
& p. p. Patted (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Patting.] [Cf. G.
patschen, Prov. G. patzen, to strike,
tap.] To strike gently with the fingers or hand; to
stroke lightly; to tap; as, to pat a dog.
Gay pats my shoulder, and you vanish quite.
Pope.
Pat, n. 1. A light, quik blow
or stroke with the fingers or hand; a tap.
2. A small mass, as of butter, shaped by
pats.
It looked like a tessellated work of pats of
butter.
Dickens.
Pat, a. [Cf. pat a light
blow, D. te pas convenient, pat, where pas
is fr. F. passer to pass.] Exactly
suitable; fit; convenient; timely. \'bdPat
allusion.\'b8
Barrow.
Pat, adv. In a pat manner.
I foresaw then 't would come in pat hereafter.
Sterne.
\'d8Pa*ta"ca (?), n.
[Sp.] The Spanish dollar; -- called also
patacoon. [Obs.]
\'d8Pa`tache" (?), n. [F. & Sp.
patache, P. patacho.]
(Naut.) A tender to a fleet, formerly used for
conveying men, orders, or treasure. [Spain &
Portugal]
Pa`ta*coon" (?), n. [Sp.]
See Pataca.
\'d8Pa*ta"gi*um (?), n.; pl.
Patagia (#). [L., an edge or
border.] 1. (Anat.) In bats, an
expansion of the integument uniting the fore limb with the body
and extending between the elongated fingers to form the wing; in
birds, the similar fold of integument uniting the fore limb with
the body.
2. (Zo\'94l.) One of a pair of small
vesicular organs situated at the bases of the anterior wings of
lepidopterous insects. See Illust. of
Butterfly.
Pat`a*go"ni*an (?), a. Of or
pertaining to Patagonia. -- n. A
native of Patagonia.
Pat"a*mar (?), n. [From the
native name.] (Naut.) A vessel resembling a
grab, used in the coasting trade of Bombay and Ceylon.
[Written also pattemar.]
Pa*tas" (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A West African long-tailed monkey
(Cercopithecus ruber); the red monkey.
Pat`a*vin"i*ty (?), n. [L.
patavinitas, fr. Patavium: cf. F.
patavinit\'82] The use of local or
provincial words, as in the peculiar style or diction of Livy,
the Roman historian; -- so called from Patavium, now Padua, the
place of Livy's nativity.
Patch (?), n. [OE.
pacche; of uncertain origin, perh. for
placche; cf. Prov. E. platch patch, LG.
plakk, plakke.] 1. A
piece of cloth, or other suitable material, sewed or otherwise
fixed upon a garment to repair or strengthen it, esp. upon an old
garment to cover a hole.
Patches set upon a little breach.
Shak.
2. Hence: A small piece of anything used to repair
a breach; as, a patch on a kettle, a roof,
etc.
3. A small piece of black silk stuck on the face,
or neck, to hide a defect, or to heighten beauty.
Your black patches you wear variously.
Beau. & Fl.
4. (Gun.) A piece of greased cloth or
leather used as wrapping for a rifle ball, to make it fit the
bore.
5. Fig.: Anything regarded as a patch; a small
piece of ground; a tract; a plot; as, scattered
patches of trees or growing corn.
Employed about this patch of ground.
Bunyan.
6. (Mil.) A block on the muzzle of a
gun, to do away with the effect of dispart, in sighting.
7. A paltry fellow; a rogue; a ninny; a fool.
[Obs. or Colloq.] \'bdThou scurvy
patch.\'b8
Shak.
Patch ice, ice in overlapping pieces in the
sea. -- Soft patch, a patch for covering a
crack in a metallic vessel, as a steam boiler, consisting of soft
material, as putty, covered and held in place by a plate bolted
or riveted fast.
Patch (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Patched
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Patching.] 1. To mend by
sewing on a piece or pieces of cloth, leather, or the like;
as, to patch a coat.
2. To mend with pieces; to repair with pieces
festened on; to repair clumsily; as, to patch the
roof of a house.
3. To adorn, as the face, with a patch or
patches.
Ladies who patched both sides of their faces.
Spectator.
4. To make of pieces or patches; to repair as with
patches; to arrange in a hasty or clumsy manner; -- generally
with up; as, to patch up a
truce. \'bdIf you'll patch a quarrel.\'b8
Shak.
Patch"er (?), n. One who
patches or botches.
Foxe.
Patch"er*y (?), n. Botchery;
covering of defects; bungling; hypocrisy. [R.]
Shak.
Patch"ing*ly (?), adv.
Knavishy; deceitfully. [Obs.]
{ Pa*tchou"li, Pa*tchou"ly }
(?), n. [CF. F. patchouli;
prob. of East Indian origin.] 1. (Bot.)
A mintlike plant (Pogostemon Patchouli) of the
East Indies, yielding an essential oil from which a highly valued
perfume is made.
2. The perfume made from this plant.
Patchouly camphor (Chem.), a
substance homologous with and resembling borneol, found in
patchouly oil.
Patch"work` (?), n. Work
composed of pieces sewed together, esp. pieces of various colors
and figures; hence, anything put together of incongruous or
ill-adapted parts; something irregularly clumsily composed; a
thing putched up.
Swift.
Patch"y (?), a. Full of, or
covered with, patches; abounding in patches.
\'d8Pa`t\'82" (?), a.
(Her.) See Patt\'82.
\'d8Pa`t\'82" (?), n. [F.
p\'83t\'82.] 1. A pie. See
Patty.
2. (Fort.) A kind of platform with a
parapet, usually of an oval form, and generally erected in marshy
grounds to cover a gate of a fortified place.
[R.]
Pate (?), n. [Cf. LG. & Prov.
G. pattkopf, patzkopf, scabby head;
patt, patz, scab + kopf
head.] 1. The head of a person; the top, or
crown, of the head. [Now generally used in contempt
or ridicule.]<-- esp., bald pate -->
His mischief shall return upon his own head, and his violent
dealing shall come down upon his own pate.
Ps. vii. 16.
Fat paunches have lean pate.
Shak.
2. The skin of a calf's head.
Pat"ed (?), a. Having a pate;
-- used only in composition; as, long-pated;
shallow-pated.
Pa*tee" (?), n. See
Pattee.
Pat`e*fac"tion (?), n. [L.
patefactio, fr. patefacere to open;
patere to lie open + facere to make.]
The act of opening, disclosing, or manifesting; open
declaration.
Jer. Taylor.
\'d8Pat"e*la (?), n. [Hind.
patel\'be.] A large flat-bottomed trading
boat peculiar to the river Ganges; -- called also
puteli.
\'d8Pa*tel"la (?), n.; pl.
Patell\'91 (#). [L., a small pan,
the kneepan, dim. of patina, patena, a pan,
dish.] 1. A small dish, pan, or vase.
2. (Anat.) The kneepan; the cap of the
knee.<-- kneecap -->
3. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of marine
gastropods, including many species of limpets. The shell has the
form of a flattened cone. The common European limpet
(Patella vulgata) is largely used for food.
4. (Bot.) A kind of apothecium in
lichens, which is orbicular, flat, and sessile, and has a special
rim not a part of the thallus.
Pa*tel"lar (?), a.
(Anat.) Of or pertaining to the patella, or
kneepan.
<-- patellar tendon -->
Pa*tel"li*form (?), a.
[Patella + form: cf. F.
pattelliforme.] 1. Having the form
of a patella.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Resembling a limpet of the
genus Patella.
\'d8Pa*tel"lu*la (?), n.; pl.
Patellul\'91 (#). [NL., dim. of L.
patella. See Patella.]
(Zo\'94l.) A cuplike sucker on the feet of
certain insects.
Pat"en (?), n. [LL.
patina, patena, fr. L. patina,
patena, a pan; cf. L. patere to be open, E.
patent, and Gr. / a kind of flat dish: cf. F.
pat\'8ane. Cf. Patina.] 1.
A plate. [Obs.]
2. (Eccl.) The place on which the
consecrated bread is placed in the Eucharist, or on which the
host is placed during the Mass. It is usually small, and formed
as to fit the chalice, or cup, as a cover.
[Written also patin,
patine.]
\'d8Pat"e*na (?), n.
[LL.] (Eccl.) A paten.
\'d8Pa*te"na (?), n. [Cf. Pg.
patena a paten.] A grassy expanse in the
hill region of Ceylon.
Pa"ten*cy (?), n. [See
Patent.] 1. The condition of being
open, enlarged, or spread.
2. The state of being patent or evident.
<-- p. 1051 -->
Pat"ent (pent ent), a. [L.
patens, -entis, p.pr. of patere
to be open: cf. F. patent. Cf. Fathom.]
1. (Oftener pronounced
pent in this sense)
Open; expanded; evident; apparent; unconcealed; manifest;
public; conspicuous.
He had received instructions, both patent and
secret.
Motley.
2. Open to public perusal; -- said of a document
conferring some right or privilege; as, letters
patent. See Letters patent, under 3d
Letter.
3. Appropriated or protected by letters patent;
secured by official authority to the exclusive possession,
control, and disposal of some person or party; patented; as,
a patent right; patent medicines.
Madder . . . in King Charles the First's time, was made a
patent commodity.
Mortimer.
4. (Bot.) Spreading; forming a nearly
right angle with the steam or branch; as, a patent
leaf.
Patent leather, a varnished or lacquered
leather, used for boots and shoes, and in carriage and harness
work. -- Patent office, a government bureau
for the examination of inventions and the granting of
patents. -- Patent right. (a) The
exclusive right to an invention, and the control of its
manufacture. (b) (Law) The right,
granted by the sovereign, of exclusive control of some business
of manufacture, or of the sale of certain articles, or of certain
offices or prerogatives. -- Patent rolls, the
registers, or records, of patents.
Pat"ent, n. [Cf. F. patente.
See Patent, a.] 1. A
letter patent, or letters patent; an official document, issued by
a sovereign power, conferring a right or privilege on some person
or party. Specifically: (a) A writing
securing to an invention. (b) A document
making a grant and conveyance of public lands.
Four other gentlemen of quality remained mentioned in that
patent.
Fuller.
2. The right or privilege conferred by such a
document; hence, figuratively, a right, privilege, or license of
the nature of a patent.
If you are so fond over her iniquity, give her
patent to offend.
Shak.
Pat"ent, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Patented; p. pr. & vb. n.
Patenting.] To grant by patent; to make
the subject of a patent; to secure or protect by patent; as,
to patent an invention; to patent public
lands.
Pat"ent*a*ble (?), a. Suitable
to be patented; capable of being patented.
Pat`ent*ee" (?), n. One to whom
a grant is made, or a privilege secured, by patent.
Bacon.
Pat"ent-ham"mered (?), a.
(Stone Cutting) Having a surface dressed by
cutting with a hammer the head of which consists of broad thin
chisels clamped together.
Pat"ent*ly (?; see Patent,
a.), adv. Openly;
evidently.
\'d8Pat"e*ra (?), n.; pl.
Pater\'91(/). [ L., fr. patere
to lie open.] 1. A saucerlike vessel of
earthenware or metal, used by the Greeks and Romans in libations
and sacrificies.
2. (Arch.) A circular ornament,
resembling a dish, often worked in relief on friezes, and the
like.
Pat`e*re"ro (?), n. See
Pederero. [Obs.]
\'d8Pa`ter*fa*mil`i*as (?), n.;
pl. Pateresfamilias (#). [L.,
fr. pater father + familias, gen. of
familia family.] (Rom. Law) The
head of a family; in a large sense, the proprietor of an estate;
one who is his own master.
Pa*ter"nal (?), a. [L.
paternus, fr. pater a father: cf. F.
paternel. See Father.] 1.
Of or pertaining to a father; fatherly; showing the
disposition of a father; guiding or instructing as a father;
as, paternal care. \'bdUnder
paternal rule.\'b8
Milton.
2. Received or derived from a father; hereditary;
as, a paternal estate.
Their small paternal field of corn.
Dryden.
Paternal government (Polit. Science),
the assumption by the governing power of a quasi-fatherly
relation to the people, involving strict and intimate supervision
of their business and social concerns, upon the theory that they
are incapable of managing their own afffairs.
Pa*ter"nal*ism (?), n. (Polit.
Science) The theory or practice of paternal
government. See Paternal government, under
Paternal.
London Times.
<-- paternalistic, = relating to paternalism -->
Pa*ter"nal*ly, adv. In a paternal
manner.
Pa*ter"ni*ty (?), n. [L.
paternitas: cf. F. paternit\'82. See
Paternal.] 1. The relation of a
father to his child; fathership; fatherhood; family headship;
as, the divine paternity.
The world, while it had scarcity of people, underwent no other
dominion than paternity and eldership.
Sir W. Raleigh.
2. Derivation or descent from a father; male
parentage; as, the paternity of a child.
3. Origin; authorship.
The paternity of these novels was . . .
disputed.
Sir W. Scott.
Pa"ter*nos`ter (?), n. [L., Our
Father.] 1. The Lord's prayer, so called from
the first two words of the Latin version.
2. (Arch.) A beadlike ornament in
moldings.
3. (Angling) A line with a row of hooks
and bead/shaped sinkers.
Paternoster pump, Paternoster
wheel, a chain pump; a noria. --
Paternoster while, the space of time required for
repeating a paternoster. Udall.
Path (?), n.; pl.
Paths (#). [As. /, /; /akin
to D. pad, G. pfad, of uncertain origin;
cf. Gr. /, Skr. patha, path.
1. A trodden way; a footway.
The dewy paths of meadows we will tread.
Dryden.
2. A way, course, or track, in which anything moves
or has moved; route; passage; an established way; as, the
path of a meteor, of a caravan, of a storm, of a
pestilence. Also used figuratively, of a course of life or
action.
All the paths of the Lord are mercy and truth.
Ps. xxv. 10.
The paths of glory lead but to the grave.
Gray.
Path (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Pathed (?);
pr.p. & vb. n. Pathing.] To
make a path in, or on (something), or for (some one).
[R.] \'bdPathing young Henry's unadvised
ways.\'b8
Drayton.
Path, v. i. To walk or go.
[R.]
Shak.
Path`e*mat"ic (?), a. [Gr. /,
fr. / a suffering, /, to suffer.] Of, pertaining
to, or designating, emotion or suffering. [R.]
Chalmers.
Pa*thet"ic (?), a. [L.
patheticus, Gr. /, fr. /, /, to suffer: cf. F.
path\'82tique. See Pathos.] 1.
Expressing or showing anger; passionate.
[Obs.]
2. Affecting or moving the tender emotions, esp.
pity or grief; full of pathos; as, a pathetic song
or story. \'bdPathetic action.\'b8
Macaulay.
No theory of the passions can teach a man to be
pathetic.
E. Porter.
Pathetic muscle (Anat.), the
superior oblique muscle of the eye. -- Pathetic
nerve (Anat.), the fourth cranial, or
trochlear, nerve, which supplies the superior oblique, or
pathetic, muscle of the eye. -- The pathetic,
a style or manner adapted to arouse the tender
emotions.
Pa*thet"ic*al (?), a.
Pathetic. [R.] --
Pa*thet"ic*al*ly, adv. --
Pa*thet"ic*al*ness, n.
Path"e*tism (?), n. [Cf. F.
path\'82tisme.] See
Mesmerism.
L. Sunderland.
Path"find`er (?), n. One who
discovers a way or path; one who explores untraversed
regions.
The cow is the true pathfinder and pathmaker.
J. Burroughs.
Path"ic (?), n. [L.
pathicus, Gr. /, passive, fr. /, /, to
suffer] A male who submits to the crime against
nature; a catamite. [R.]
B. Jonson.
Path"ic, a. [Gr. /.]
Passive; suffering.
Path"less (?), a. Having no
beaten path or way; untrodden; impenetrable; as,
pathless woods.
Trough the heavens' wide, pathless way.
Milton.
Path"mak`er (?), n. One who, or
that which, makes a way or path.
Path"o*gene (?), n. [See
Pathogenic.] (Biol.) One of a
class of virulent micro\'94rganisms or bacteria found in the
tissues and fluids in infectious diseases, and supposed to be the
cause of the disease; a pathogenic organism; a pathogenic
bacterium; -- opposed to zymogene.
Path`o*gen"e*sis (?), n.
(Med.) Pathogeny.
Path`o*ge*net"ic (?), a.
(Med.) Pathogenic.
Path`o*gen"ic (?), a. [Gr. /
disease + the root of / birth.] (Med. & Biol.)
Of or pertaining to pathogeny; producting disease; as, a
pathogenic organism; a pathogenic
bacterium.
Pa*thog"e*ny (?), n.
(Med.) (a) The generation, and method of
development, of disease; as, the pathogeny of yellow
fever is unsettled. (b) That branch of
pathology which treats of the generation and development of
disease.
Pa*thog`no*mon"ic (?), a. [Gr.
/ skilled in judging of diseases; / a disease + / skilled:
cf. F. pathognomonique. See Gnomic.]
(Med.) Specially or decisively characteristic of
a disease; indicating with certainty a disease; as, a
pathognomonic symptom.
The true pathognomonic sign of love jealousy.
Arbuthnot.
Pa*thog"no*my (?), n. [Gr. /
passion + / a judgment, fr. /, /, to know.]
Expression of the passions; the science of the signs by
which human passions are indicated.
{ Path`o*log"ic (?),
Path`o*log"ic*al (?), } a.
[Gr. /: cf. F. pathologique.] Of or
pertaining to pathology. --
Path`o*log"ic*al*ly,
adv.
<-- caused by disease -->
Pa*thol"o*gist (?), n. [Cf. F.
pathologiste.] One skilled in pathology; an
investigator in pathology; as, the pathologist of a
hospital, whose duty it is to determine the causes of the
diseases.
Pa*thol"o*gy (?), n.; pl.
Pathologies (#). [Gr. / a
suffering, disease + -logy: cf. F.
pathologie.] (Med.) The science
which treats of diseases, their nature, causes, progress,
symptoms, etc.
Pathology is general or
special, according as it treats of disease or morbid
processes in general, or of particular diseases; it is also
subdivided into internal and external, or
medical and surgical pathology. Its
departments are nosology,
\'91tiology, morbid anatomy,
symptomatology, and therapeutics,
which treat respectively of the classification, causation,
organic changes, symptoms, and cure of diseases.
Celluar pathology, a theory that gives
prominence to the vital action of cells in the healthy and
diseased function of the body.
Virchow.
\'d8Path`o*p\'d2"la (?), n.;
pl. -ias (#). [NL., from Gr.
/; / passion + / to make.] (Rhet.) A
speech, or figure of speech, designed to move the passion.
Smart.
Pa"thos (?), n. [L., from Gr.
/ a suffering, passion, fr. /, /, to suffer; cf. / toil,
L. pati to suffer, E. patient.]
That quality or property of anything which touches the
feelings or excites emotions and passions, esp., that which
awakens tender emotions, such as pity, sorrow, and the like;
contagious warmth of feeling, action, or expression; pathetic
quality; as, the pathos of a picture, of a poem, or
of a cry.
The combination of incident, and the pathos of
catastrophe.
T. Warton.
Path"way (?) n. A footpath; a
beaten track; any path or course. Also used figuratively.
Shak.
In the way of righteousness is life; and in the
pathway thereof is no death.
Prov. xii. 28.
We tread the pathway arm in arm.
Sir W. Scott.
Pat"i*ble (?), a. [L.
patibilis, fr. pati to suffer.]
Sufferable; tolerable; endurable. [Obs.]
Bailey.
Pa*tib"u*la*ry (?), a. [L.
patibulum a gallows: cf. F.
patibulaire.] Of or pertaining to the
gallows, or to execution. [R.]
Carlyle.
Pa*tib"u*la`ted, a. Hanged on a
gallows. [R.]
Pa"tience (?), n. [F.
patience, fr. L. patientia. See
Patient.] 1. The state or quality of
being patient; the power of suffering with fortitude;
uncomplaining endurance of evils or wrongs, as toil, pain,
poverty, insult, oppression, calamity, etc.
Strenthened with all might, . . . unto all patience
and long-suffering.
Col. i. 11.
I must have patience to endure the load.
Shak.
Who hath learned lowliness
From his Lord's cradle, patience from his cross.
Keble.
2. The act or power of calmly or contentedly
waiting for something due or hoped for; forbearance.
Have patience with me, and I will pay thee all.
Matt. xviii. 29.
3. Constancy in labor or application;
perseverance.
He learned with patience, and with meekness
taught.
Harte.
4. Sufferance; permission.
[Obs.]
Hooker.
They stay upon your patience.
Shak.
5. (Bot.) A kind of dock (Rumex
Patientia), less common in America than in Europe; monk's
rhubarb.
6. (Card Playing) Solitaire.
Syn. -- Patience, Resignation.
Patience implies the quietness or
self-possession of one's own spirit under sufferings,
provocations, etc.; resignation implies submission to
the will of another. The Stoic may have patience; the
Christian should have both patience and
resignation.
Pa"tient (?), a. [F., fr. L.
patiens, -entis, p.pr. of pati
to suffer. Cf. Pathos, Passion.]
1. Having the quality of enduring; physically able
to suffer or bear.
Patient of severest toil and hardship.
Bp. Fell.
2. Undergoing pains, trails, or the like, without
murmuring or fretfulness; bearing up with equanimity against
trouble; long-suffering.
3. Constant in pursuit or exertion; persevering;
calmly diligent; as, patient endeavor.
Whatever I have done is due to patient thought.
Sir I. Newton.
4. Expectant with calmness, or without discontent;
not hasty; not overeager; composed.
Not patient to expect the turns of fate.
Prior.
5. Forbearing; long-suffering.
Be patient toward all men.
1 Thess. v. 14.
Pa"tient, n. 1. ONe who, or
that which, is passively affected; a passive recipient.
Malice is a passion so impetuous and precipitate that often
involves the agent and the patient.
Gov. of Tongue.
2. A person under medical or surgical treatment; --
correlative to physician or nurse.
Like a physician, . . . seeing his patient in a
pestilent fever.
Sir P. Sidney.
In patient, a patient who receives lodging and
food, as treatment, in a hospital or an infirmary. --
Out patient, one who receives advice and medicine,
or treatment, from an infirmary.
Pa"tient, v. t. To compose, to
calm. [Obs.] \'bdPatient yourself,
madam.\'b8
Shak.
Pa"tient*ly, adv. In a patient
manner.
Cowper.
{ Pat"in (?), Pat"ine },
n. A plate. See Paten. \'bdInlaid
with patines of bright gold.\'b8
Shak.
Pat"ina (?), n. [It., fr. L.
patina a dish, a pan, a kind of cake. Cf.
Paten.] 1. A dish or plate of metal
or earthenware; a patella.
2. (Fine Arts) The color or incrustation
which age gives to works of art; especially, the green rust which
covers ancient bronzes, coins, and medals.
Fairholt.
\'d8Pa"ti*o (?), n. [Sp., a
court] (Metal) A paved yard or floor where
ores are cleaned and sorted, or where ore, salt, mercury, etc.,
are trampled by horses, to effect intermixture and
amalgamation.
patioprocess is used to reduce silver
ores by amalgamation.
Pat"ly (?), adv. Fitly;
seasonably.
Barrow.
Pat"ness, n. Fitness or appropriateness;
striking suitableness; convenience.
The description with equal patness may suit
both.
Barrow.
Pa`tois" (?), n. [F.]
A dialect peculiar to the illiterate classes; a provincial
form of speech.
The jargon and patois of several provinces.
Sir T. Browne.
Pa*tonce" (?), a. [Cf. F.
patte d'once paw of an ounce.] (Her.)
Having the arms growing broader and floriated toward the
end; -- said of a cross. See Illust. 9 of
Cross.
Pa"tri*al (?), a. [L.
patria fatherland, country, fr. pater
father.] (Lat. Gram.) Derived from the name
of a country, and designating an inhabitant of the country;
gentile; -- said of a noun. -- n. A
patrial noun. Thus Romanus, a Roman, and
Troas, a woman of Troy, are patrial nouns,
or patrials.
Andrews.
Pa"tri*arch (?), n. [F.
patriarche, L. patriarcha, Gr. /, fr. /
lineage, especially on the father's side, race; / father + /
a leader, chief, fr. / to lead, rule. See Father,
Archaic.] 1. The father and ruler of
a family; one who governs his family or descendants by paternal
right; -- usually applied to heads of families in ancient
history, especially in Biblical and Jewish history to those who
lived before the time of Moses.
2. (R. C. Ch. & Gr. Ch.) A dignitary
superior to the order of archbishops; as, the
patriarch of Constantinople, of Alexandria, or of
Antioch.
3. A venerable old man; an elder. Also used
figuratively.
The patriarch hoary, the sage of his kith and the
hamlet.
Longfellow.
The monarch oak, the partiarch of trees.
Dryde.
Pa`tri*ar"chal (?), a. [Cf. F.
patriarcal.] 1. Of or pertaining
to a patriarch or to patriarchs; possessed by, or subject to,
patriarchs; as, patriarchal authority or
jurisdiction; a patriarchal see; a patriarchal
church.
2. Characteristic of a patriarch; venerable.
About whose patriarchal knee
Late the little children clung.
Tennyson.
3. (Ethnol.) Having an organization of
society and government in which the head of the family exercises
authority over all its generations.
Patriarchal cross (Her.), a cross,
the shaft of which is intersected by two transverse beams, the
upper one being the smaller. See Illust. (2) of
Cross. -- Patriarchal dispensation,
the divine dispensation under which the patriarchs lived
before the law given by Moses.
Pa`tri*ar"chate (?), n. [Cf. F.
patriarcat.] 1. The office,
dignity, or jurisdiction of a patriarch.
Jer. Taylor.
2. The residence of an ecclesiastic
patriarch.
3. (Ethnol.) A patriarchal form of
government or society. See Patriarchal, a.,
3.
Pa"tri*arch*dom (?), n. The
office or jurisdiction of a patriarch; patriarchate.
[R.]
Pa`tri*ar"chic (?), a. [L.
patriarchicus, Gr. /.] Patriarchal.
Pa"tri*arch*ism (?), n.
Government by a patriarch, or the head of a family.
Pa"tri*arch*ship, n. A
patriarchate.
Ayliffe.
Pa"tri*arch`y (?), n. [Gr.
/.] 1. The jurisdiction of a patriarch;
patriarchship.
Brerewood.
2. Government by a patriarch; patriarchism.
Pa*tri"cian (?), a. [L.
patricius, fr. patres fathers or senators,
pl. of pater: cf. F. patricien. See
Paternal.] 1. (Rom. Antiq.)
Of or pertaining to the Roman patres (fathers) or
senators, or patricians.
2. Of, pertaining to, or appropriate to, a person
of high birth; noble; not plebeian.
Born in the patrician file of society.
Sir W. Scott.
His horse's hoofs wet with patrician blood.
Addison.
Pa*tri"cian, n. [L.
patricius: cf. F. patricien.]
1. (Rom. Antiq.) Originally, a member of
any of the families constituting the populus Romanus,
or body of Roman citizens, before the development of the plebeian
order; later, one who, by right of birth or by special privilege
conferred, belonged to the nobility.
2. A person of high birth; a nobleman.
3. One familiar with the works of the Christian
Fathers; one versed in patristic lore. [R.]
Colridge.
Pa*tri"cian*ism (?), n. The
rank or character of patricians.
Pa*tri"ci*ate (?), n. The
patrician class; the aristocracy; also, the office of
patriarch.
Milman.
Pat*ri"ci`dal (?), a. Of or
pertaining to patricide; parricidal.
Pat*ri"cide (?), n. [L.
pater father + caedere to kill. Cf.
Parricide.] 1. The murderer of his
father.
2. The crime of one who murders his father. Same as
Parricide.
Pat`ri*mo"ni*al (?), a.
[L.patrimonialis: cf. F.
patrimonial.] Of or pertaining to a
patrimony; inherited from ancestors; as, a
patrimonial estate.
Pat`ri*mo"ni*al*ly, adv. By
inheritance.
Pat"ri*mo*ny (?), n.; pl.
Patrimonies (#). [L.
patrimonium, fr. pater father: cf. F.
patrimoine. See Paternal.] 1.
A right or estate inherited from one's father; or, in a
larger sense, from any ancestor. \'bd'Reave the orphan of
his patrimony.\'b8
Shak.
2. Formerly, a church estate or endowment.
Shipley.
Pa"tri*ot (?), n. [F.
patriote; cf. Sp. patriota, It.
patriotto; all fr. Gr. / a fellow-countryman, fr.
/ established by forefathers, fr. / father. See
Father.] One who loves his country, and
zealously supports its authority and interests.
Bp. Hall.
Such tears as patriots shaed for dying laws.
Pope.
Pa"tri*ot, a. Becoming to a patriot;
patriotic.
Pa`tri*ot"ic (?), a. [Cf. F.
patriotique, Gr. / belonging to a
fellow-countryman.] Inspired by patriotism; actuated
by love of one's country; zealously and unselfishly devoted to
the service of one's country; as, a patriotic
statesman, vigilance.
Pa`tri*ot"ic*al (?), a.
Patriotic; that pertains to a patriot. --
Pa`tri*ot"ic*al*ly,
adv.
Pa"tri*ot*ism (?), n. [Cf. F.
patriotisme.] Love of country; devotion to
the welfare of one's country; the virtues and actions of a
patriot; the passion which inspires one to serve one's
country.
Berkley.
Pa`tri*pas"sian (?), n. [LL.
Patripassiani, pl.; L. pater father +
pati, passus, to suffer: cf. F.
patripassiens.] (Eccl. Hist.)
One of a body of believers in the early church who denied
the independent pre\'89xistent personality of Christ, and who,
accordingly, held that the Father suffered in the Son; a
monarchian. -- Pa`tri*pas"sian*ism
(#), n.
Pa"trist (?), n. One versed in
patristics.
{ Pa*tris"tic (?), Pa*tris"tic*al
(?), } a. [F.
patristique. See Paternal.] Of or
pertaining to the Fathers of the Christian church.
The voluminous editor of Jerome anf of tons of
patristic theology.
I. Taylor.
Pa*tris"tics (?), n. That
departnent of historical theology which treats of the lives and
doctrines of the Fathers of the church.
Pa"tri*zate (?), v. i. [L.
patrissare, patrizare;cf. Gr. /.]
To imitate one's father. [R.]
Pa*troc"i*nate (?), v. t. [L.
patrocinatus, p.p. of patrocinari to
patronize, fr. patronus patron.] To
support; to patronize. [Obs.]
Urquhart.
Pa*troc`i*na"tion (?), n. The
act of patrocinating or patronizing. [Obs.]
\'bdPatrocinations of treason.\'b8
Bp. Hall.
Pa*troc"i*ny (?), n. [L.
patrocinium.] [Obs.] See
Patrocination.
Pa*trol" (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Patrolled
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Patrolling.] [F.
patrouiller, O. & Prov. F. patrouiller to
paddle, paw about, patrol, fr. patte a paw; cf. D.
poot paw, G. pfote, and E. pat,
v.] To go the rounds along a chain of sentinels; to
traverse a police district or beat.
Pa*trol" (?), v.t To go the
rounds of, as a sentry, guard, or policeman; as, to
patrol a frontier; to patrol a beat.
Pa*trol", n. [F. patrouille,
OF. patouille. See Patrol, v.
i.] 1. (Mil.) (a) A
going of the rounds along the chain of sentinels and between the
posts, by a guard, usually consisting of three or four men, to
insure greater security from attacks on the outposts.
(b) A movement, by a small body of troops beyond
the line of outposts, to explore the country and gain
intelligence of the enemy's whereabouts. (c)
The guard or men who go the rounds for observation; a
detachment whose duty it is to patrol.
2. Any perambulation of a particular line or
district to guard it; also, the men thus guarding; as, a
customs patrol; a fire patrol.
In France there is an army of patrols to secure her
fiscal regulations.
A. Hamilton.
Pa*trole" (?), n. & v. See
Patrol, n. & v.
Pa*trol"man (?), n.; pl.
Patrolmen (/). One who patrols;
a watchman; especially, a policeman who patrols a particular
precinct of a town or city.
Pa"tron (?), n. [F., fr. L.
patronus, fr. pater a father. See
Paternal, and cf. Patroon, Padrone,
Pattern.] 1. One who protects,
supports, or countenances; a defender.
\'bdPatron of my life and liberty.\'b8 Shak.
\'bdThe patron of true holiness.\'b8 Spenser.
2. (Rom. Antiq.) (a) A master
who had freed his slave, but still retained some paternal rights
over him. (b) A man of distinction under
whose protection another person placed himself.
(c) An advocate or pleader.
Let him who works the client wrong
Beware the patron's ire.
Macaulay.
3. One who encourages or helps a person, a cause,
or a work; a furtherer; a promoter; as, a patron of
art.
4. (Eccl. Law) One who has gift and
disposition of a benefice. [Eng.]
5. A guardian saint. -- called also patron
saint.
6. (Naut.) See Padrone,
2.
Patrons of Husbandry, the grangers. See
Granger, 2.
Pa"tron, v. t. To be a patron of; to
patronize; to favor. [Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
Pa"tron, a. Doing the duty of a patron;
giving aid or protection; tutelary.
Dryden.
Patron saint (R. C. Ch.), a saint
regarded as the peculiar protector of a country, community,
church, profession, etc., or of an individual.
Pa"tron*age (?), n. [F.
patronage. Cf. LL. patronaticum, and L.
patronatus.] 1. Special
countenance or support; favor, encouragement, or aid, afforded to
a person or a work; as, the patronage of letters;
patronage given to an author.
2. Business custom. [Commercial
Cant]
3. Guardianship, as of a saint; tutelary
care.
Addison.
4. The right of nomination to political office;
also, the offices, contracts, honors, etc., which a public
officer may bestow by favor.
5. (Eng. Law) The right of presentation
to church or ecclesiastical benefice; advowson.
Blackstone.
Pa"tron*age, v. t. To act as a patron
of; to maintain; to defend. [Obs.]
Shak.
Pa"tron*al (?), a. [L.
patronalis; cf. F. patronal.]
Patron; protecting; favoring. [R.]
Sir T. Browne.
Pa"tron*ate (?), n. [L.
patronatus.] The right or duty of a patron;
patronage. [R.]
Westm. Rev.
Pa"tron*ess (?), n. [Cf. F.
patronnesse.] A female patron or
helper.
Spenser.
Night, best patroness of grief.
Milton.
Pa`tron*i*za"tion (?), n. The
act of patronizing; patronage; support. [R.]
Pa"tron*ize (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Patronized
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Patronizing
(?).] 1. To act as patron
toward; to support; to countenance; to favor; to aid.
The idea has been patronized by two States
only.
A. Hamilton.
2. To trade with customarily; to frequent as a
customer. [Commercial Cant]
3. To assume the air of a patron, or of a superior
and protector, toward; -- used in an unfavorable sense; as,
to patronize one's equals.
Pa"tron*i`zer (?), n. One who
patronizes.
Pa"tron*i`zing (?), a. Showing
condescending favor; assuming the manner of airs of a superior
toward another. -- Pat"ron*i`zing*ly,
adv. Thackeray.
Pa"tron*less (?), a. Destitute
of a patron.
Pa`tro*nom`a*yol"o*gy (?), n.
[Gr. /, /, a father + E. onomatology.]
That branch of knowledge which deals with personal names and
their origin; the study of patronymics.
Pa`tro*nym"ic (?), a. [L.
patronymicus, Gr. /; / father + / name: cf. F.
patronymique.] Derived from ancestors;
as, a patronymic denomination.
Pa`tro*nym"ic, n. [Gr. /.]
A modification of the father's name borne by the son; a name
derived from that of a parent or ancestor; as,
Pelides, the son of Peleus; Johnson, the
son of John; Macdonald, the son of Donald;
Paulowitz, the son of Paul; also, the surname of
a family; the family name.
M. A. Lower.
Pa`tro*nym"ic*al (?), a. Same
as Patronymic.
Pa*troon" (?), n. [D.
patroon a patron, a protector. See
Patron.] One of the proprietors of certain
tracts of land with manorial privileges and right of entail,
under the old Dutch governments of New York and New Jersey.
Pa*troon"ship, n. The office of a
patroon.
Irving.
{ \'d8Pat`t\'82" (?), Pat*tee"
(?), } a. [F. patt\'82,
fem. patt\'82e, fr. patte paw, foot. Cf.
Patten.] (Her.) Narrow at the
inner, and very broad at the other, end, or having its arms of
that shape; -- said of a cross. See Illust. (8) of
Cross. [Written also pat\'82,
patee.]
Pat"te*mar (?), n. See
Patamar.
Pat"ten (?), n. [F.
patin a high-heeled shoe, fr. patte paw,
foot. Cf. Panton, Patt\'82.] 1.
A clog or sole of wood, usually supported by an iron ring,
worn to raise the feet from the wet or the mud.
The patten now supports each frugal dame.
Gay.
2. A stilt. [Prov. Eng.]
Halliwell.
Pat"ten*ed (?), a. Wearing
pattens. \'bdSome pattened girl.\'b8
Jane Austen.
Pat"ter (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Pattered
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Pattering.] [Freq. of pat to
strike gently.] 1. To strike with a quick
succession of slight, sharp sounds; as, pattering
rain or hail; pattering feet.
The stealing shower is scarce to patter heard.
Thomson.
2. To mutter; to mumble; as, to patter
with the lips. Tyndale. [In this sense,
and in the following, perh. from paternoster.]
3. To talk glibly; to chatter; to harangue.
[Colloq.]
I've gone out and pattered to get money.
Mayhew.
Pat"ter, v. t. 1. To spatter;
to sprinkle. [R.] \'bdAnd patter
the water about the boat.\'b8
J. R. Drake.
2. [See Patter, v. i.,
2.] To mutter; as prayers.
[The hooded clouds] patter their doleful
prayers.
Longfellow.
To patter flash, to talk in thieves' cant.
[Slang]
Pat"ter, n. 1. A quick
succession of slight sounds; as, the patter of rain;
the patter of little feet.
2. Glib and rapid speech; a voluble harangue.
3. The cant of a class; patois; as, thieves's
patter; gypsies' patter.
Pat"ter*er (?), n. One who
patters, or talks glibly; specifically, a street peddler.
[Cant, Eng.]
Pat"tern (?), n. [OE.
patron, F. patron, a patron, also, a
pattern. See Patron.] 1. Anything
proposed for imitation; an archetype; an exemplar; that which is
to be, or is worthy to be, copied or imitated; as, a
pattern of a machine.
I will be the pattern of all patience.
Shak.
2. A part showing the figure or quality of the
whole; a specimen; a sample; an example; an instance.
He compares the pattern with the whole piece.
Swift.
3. Stuff sufficient for a garment; as, a dress
pattern.
4. Figure or style of decoration; design; as,
wall paper of a beautiful pattern.
5. Something made after a model; a copy.
Shak.
The patterns of things in the heavens.
Heb. ix. 23.
6. Anything cut or formed to serve as a guide to
cutting or forming objects; as, a dressmaker's
pattern.
7. (Founding) A full-sized model around
which a mold of sand is made, to receive the melted metal. It is
usually made of wood and in several parts, so as to be removed
from the mold without injuring it.
<-- a definable characteristic relationship between the members
of any set of objects or actions; also, the set having a
definable relationship between its members.
Thus: the distribution of bomb or shell impacts on a target
area, or of bullet holes in a target; a set of traits or actions
that appear to be consistent throughout the members of a group or
over time within a group, as behavioral pattern, traffic pattern,
dress pattern -->
Pattern box, chain, cylinder (Figure Weaving),
devices, in a loom, for presenting several shuttles to the
picker in the proper succession for forming the figure. --
Pattern card. (a) A set of samples on a
card. (b) (Weaving) One of the
perforated cards in a Jacquard apparatus. -- Pattern
reader, one who arranges textile patterns. --
Pattern wheel (Horology), a
count-wheel.
Pat"tern, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Patterned (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Patterning.] 1. To
make or design (anything) by, from, or after, something that
serves as a pattern; to copy; to model; to imitate.
Milton.
[A temple] patterned from that which Adam reared in
Paradise.
Sir T. Herbert.
2. To serve as an example for; also, to
parallel.
To pattern after, to imitate; to
follow.
Pat"ty (?), n.; pl.
Patties (#). [F.
p\'83t\'82. See Pasty.] A little
pie.
Pat"ty*pan` (?), n. 1.
A pan for baking patties.
2. A patty. [Obs.]
Pat"u*lous (?), a. [L.
patulus, fr. patere to be open,
extend.] Open; expanded; slightly spreading; having
the parts loose or dispersed; as, a patulous calyx;
a patulous cluster of flowers.
The eyes are large and patulous.
Sir J. Hill.
\'d8Pau (?), n. See
Pah.
Pau*cil"o*quent (?), a.
Uttering few words; brief in speech. [R.]
Pau*cil"o*quy (?), n. [L.
pauciloquium; paucus little +
loqui to speak.] Brevity in speech.
[R.]
Pau`ci*spi"ral (?), a. [L.
paucus few + E. spiral.]
(Zo\'94l.) Having few spirals, or whorls; as,
a paucispiral operculum or shell.
Pau"ci*ty (?), n. [L.
paucitas, fr. paucus few, little: cf. F.
paucit\'82 See Few.] 1.
Fewness; smallness of number; scarcity.
Hooker.
Revelation denies it by the stern reserve, the
paucity, and the incompleteness, of its
communications.
I. Taylor.
2. Smallnes of quantity; exiguity; insufficiency;
as, paucity of blood.
Sir T. Browne.
{ Pau"gie, Pau"gy } (?),
n.; pl. Paugies (#).
[Corrupted from Amer. Indian mishcuppauog. See
Scup.] (Zo\'94l.) The scup. See
Porgy, and Scup.
Pau*hau"gen (?), n. [North
Amer. Indian.] (Zo\'94l.) The menhaden; --
called also poghaden.
Paul (?), n. See
Pawl.
Paul, n. An Italian silver coin. See
Paolo.
Paul"dron (?), n. [See
Powldron.] (Mil. Antiq.) A piece
of armor covering the shoulder at the junction of the body piece
and arm piece.
{ Pau"li*an (?), Pau"li*an*ist
(?), } n. (Eccl. Hist.)
A follower of Paul of Samosata, a bishop of
Antioch in the third century, who was deposed for denying the
divinity of Christ.
Pau"li*cian (?), n. [Etymol.
uncertain.] (Eccl. Hist.) One of a sect of
Christian dualists originating in Armenia in the seventh century.
They rejected the Old Testament and the part of the New.
<-- p. 1053 -->
Pau"lin (?), n. (Naut.)
See Tarpaulin.
Pau"line (?), a. [L.
Paulinus, fr. Paulus Paul.] Of
or pertaining to the apostle Paul, or his writings; resembling,
or conforming to, the writings of Paul; as, the
Pauline epistles; Pauline doctrine.
My religion had always been Pauline.
J. H. Newman.
Paul"ist (?), n. (R. C.
Ch.) A member of The Institute of the Missionary
Priests of St. Paul the Apostle, founded in 1858 by the Rev. I.
T. Hecker of New York. The majority of the members were formerly
Protestants.
\'d8Pau*low"ni*a (?), n. [NL.
So named from the Russian princess Anna
Pavlovna.] (Bot.) A genus of
trees of the order Scrophulariace\'91, consisting of
one species, Paulownia imperialis.
Paum (?), v. t. & i. [See
Palm to cheat.] To palm off by fraud; to
cheat at cards. [Obs.]
Swift.
Paunce (?), n. [See
Pansy.] (Bot.) The pansy.
\'bdThe pretty paunce.\'b8
Spenser.
Paunch (?), n. [OF.
panch, pance, F. panse, L.
pantex, panticis.] 1.
(Anat.) The belly and its contents; the abdomen;
also, the first stomach, or rumen, of ruminants. See
Rumen.
2. (Naut.) A paunch mat; -- called also
panch.
3. The thickened rim of a bell, struck by the
clapper.
Paunch mat (Naut.), a thick mat
made of strands of rope, used to prevent the yard or rigging from
chafing.
Paunch, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Paunched (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Paunching.] 1. To
pierce or rip the belly of; to eviscerate; to disembowel.
Shak.
2. To stuff with food. [Obs.]
Udall.
Paunch"y (?), a.
Pot-bellied. [R.]
Dickens.
Paune (?), n. A kind of bread.
See Pone.
Pau"per (?), n. [L. See
Poor.] A poor person; especially, one
development on private or public charity. Also used adjectively;
as, pouper immigrants, pouper
labor.
Pau"per*ism (?), n. [Cf. F.
paup\'82risme.] The state of being a
pauper; the state of indigent persons requiring support from the
community.
Whatly.
Syn. -- Poverty; indigence; penury; want; need; destitution.
See Poverty.
Pau`per*i*za"tion (?), n. The
act or process of reducing to pauperism.
C. Kingsley.
Pau"per*ize (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Pauperized
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pauperizing
(?).] To reduce to pauperism; as,
to pauperize the peasantry.
\'d8Pau*rop"o*da (?), n. pl.
[NL., from Gr. / small + -poda.]
(Zo\'94l.) An order of small myriapods having
only nine pairs of legs and destitute of trache\'91.
Pause (?), n. [F., fr. L.
pausa. See Pose.] 1. A
temporary stop or rest; an intermission of action; interruption;
suspension; cessation.
2. Temporary inaction or waiting; hesitation;
suspence; doubt.
I stand in pause where I shall first begin.
Shak.
3. In speaking or reading aloud, a brief arrest or
suspension of voice, to indicate the limits and relations of
sentences and their parts.
4. In writing and printing, a mark indicating the
place and nature of an arrest of voice in reading; a punctuation
point; as, teach the pupil to mind the
pauses.
5. A break or paragraph in writing.
He writes with warmth, which usually neglects method, and
those partitions and pauses which men educated in
schools observe.
Locke.
6. (Mus.) A hold. See 4th Hold,
7.
Syn. -- Stop; cessation; suspension.
Pause, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Paused (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Pausing.] [Cf. F. pauser, L.
pausare. See Pause, n.,
Pose.] 1. To make a short stop; to
cease for a time; to intermit speaking or acting; to stop; to
wait; to rest. \'bdTarry, pause a day or
two.\'b8
Shak.
Pausing while, thus to herself she mused.
Milton.
2. To be intermitted; to cease; as, the music
pauses.
3. To hesitate; to hold back; to delay.
[R.]
Why doth the Jew pause? Take thy forfeiture.
Shak.
<-- is this anti-semitic or what? -->
4. To stop in order to consider; hence, to
consider; to reflect. [R.] \'bdTake time to
pause.\'b8
Shak.
To pause upon, to deliberate concerning.
Shak.
Syn. -- To intermit; stop; stay; wait; delay; tarry;
hesitate; demur.
Pause, v. t. To cause to stop or rest;
-- used reflexively. [R.]
Shak.
Paus"er (?), n. One who
pauses.
Shak.
Paus"ing*ly, adv. With pauses;
haltingly.
Shak.
\'d8Paux"i (?), n. [From the
native name: cf. Sp. pauji.]
(Zo\'94l.) A curassow (Ourax pauxi),
which, in South America, is often domesticated.
Pav"age (?), n. [Cf. F.
pavage.] See Pavage.
[R.]
Pav"an (?), n. [F.
pavane; cf. It. & Sp. pavana, and Sp.
pavon, pavo, a peacock, L.
pavo.] A stately and formal Spanish dance
for which full state costume is worn; -- so called from the
resemblance of its movements to those of the peacock.
[Written also pavane, paven,
pavian, and pavin.]
\'d8Pa`v\'82" (?), n. [F., from
paver to pave. See Pave.] The
pavement.
\'d8Nymphe du pav\'82 (/), a prostitute who
solicits in the street. [A low euphemism.]
Pave (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Paved (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Paving.] [F.
paver to pave, LL. pavare, from L.
pavire to beat, ram, or tread down; cf. Gr. / to
beat, strike.] 1. To lay or cover with stone,
brick, or other material, so as to make a firm, level, or
convenient surface for horses, carriages, or persons on foot, to
travel on; to floor with brick, stone, or other solid material;
as, to pave a street; to pave a
court.<-- for vehicles -->
With silver paved, and all divine with gold.
Dryden.
To pave thy realm, and smooth the broken ways.
Gay.
2. Fig.: To make smooth, easy, and safe; to
prepare, as a path or way; as, to pave the way to
promotion; to pave the way for an enterprise.
It might open and pave a prepared way to his own
title.
Bacon.
Pave"ment (?), n. [F., fr. LL.
pavamentum, L. pavimentum. See
Pave.] That with which anythingis paved; a
floor or covering of solid material, laid so as to make a hard
and convenient surface for travel; a paved road or sidewalk; a
decorative interior floor of tiles or colored bricks.
The riches of heaven's pavement, trodden gold.
Milton.
Pavement teeth (Zo\'94l.),
flattened teeth which in certain fishes, as the skates and
cestracionts, are arranged side by side, like tiles in a
pavement.
Pave"ment, v. t. To furnish with a
pavement; to pave. [Obs.] \'bdHow richly
pavemented!\'b8
Bp. Hall.
Pav"en (?), n. See
Pavan.
Pav"er (?), n. One who paves;
one who lays a pavement. [Written also
pavier and pavior.]
Pav`e*sade" (?), n. [F. See
Pavise.] A canvas screen, formerly sometimes
extended along the side of a vessel in a naval engagement, to
conceal from the enemy the operations on board.
{ Pa*vese" (?), Pa*vesse"
(?) }, n. Pavise.
[Obs.]
Pa"vi*age (?), n. (Law)
A contribution or a tax for paving streets or
highways.
Bouvier.
Pav"i*an (?), n. See Pavan.
Pav"id (?), a. [L. pavidus,
from pavere to be afraid.] Timid; fearful.
[R.]
Thackeray.
Pa*vid"i*ty (?), n.
Timidity. [R.]
Pav"ier (?), n. A paver.
Pa"vi*iv (?), n. (Chem.)
A glucoside found in species of the genus Pavia
of the Horse-chestnut family.
Pa*vil"ion (?), n. [F.
pavillon, fr. L. pavilio a butterfly, also,
a tent, because spread out like a butterfly's wings.]
1. A temporary movable habitation; a large tent; a
marquee; esp., a tent raised on posts. \'bd[The] Greeks do
pitch their brave pavilions.\'b8
Shak.
2. (Arch.) A single body or mass of
building, contained within simple walls and a single roof,
whether insulated, as in the park or garden of a larger edifice,
or united with other parts, and forming an angle or central
feature of a large pile.
3. (Mil.) A flag, colors, ensign, or
banner.
4. (Her.) Same as Tent
(Her.)
5. That part of a brilliant which lies between the
girdle and collet. See Illust. of
Brilliant.
6. (Anat.) The auricle of the ear; also,
the fimbriated extremity of the Fallopian tube.
7. A covering; a canopy; figuratively, the
sky.
The pavilion of heaven is bare.
Shelley.
Pa*vil"ion, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Pavilioned (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Pavilioning.] To furnish or
cover with, or shelter in, a tent or tents.
The field pavilioned with his guardians bright.
Milton.
Pav"in (?), n. See
Pavan.
Pav"ing (?), n. 1. The
act or process of laying a pavement, or covering some place with
a pavement.
2. A pavement.
Pav"ior (?), n. 1. One
who paves; a paver.
2. A rammer for driving paving stones.
3. A brick or slab used for paving.
Pa*vise (?), n. [OF.
pavaix, F. pavois; cf. It.
pavese, LL. pavense; perh. named from
Pavia in Italy.] (Mil. Antiq.) A
large shield covering the whole body, carried by a pavisor, who
sometimes screened also an archer with it. [Written
also pavais, pavese, and
pavesse.]
Fairholt.
Pa*vis"or (?), n. (Mil.
Antiq.) A soldier who carried a pavise.
\'d8Pa"vo (?), n. [L., a
peacock. See Peacock.] 1.
(Zo\'94l.) A genus of birds, including the
peacocks.
2. (Astron.) The Peacock, a
constellation of the southern hemisphere.
Pa"von (?), n. A small
triangular flag, esp. one attached to a knight's lance; a
pennon.
Pa*vone" (?), n. [Cf. It.
pavone, Sp. pavon, fr. L.
pavo.] (Zo\'94l.) A
peacock. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Pa*vo"ni*an (?), a. Of or
pertaining to a peacock. [R.]
Southey.
Pav"o*nine (?), a. [L.
pavoninus, fr. pavo a peacock. See
Peacock.] 1. (Zo\'94l.)
Like, or pertaining to, the genus Pavo.
2. Characteristic of a peacock; resembling the tail
of a peacock, as in colors; iridescent.
P. Cleaveland.
Paw (?), n. [OE.
pawe, poue, OF. poe: cf.
patte, LG. pote, D. poot, G.
pfote.] 1. The foot of a quadruped
having claws, as the lion, dog, cat, etc.
2. The hand. [Jocose]
Dryden.
Paw clam (Zo\'94l.), the tridacna;
-- so called because shaped like an animal's
paw.
Paw, v. i. To draw the forefoot along
the ground; to beat or scrape with the forefoot.
Job xxxix. 21.
Paw, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Pawed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Pawing.] 1. To pass the paw
over; to stroke or handle with the paws; hence, to handle fondly
or rudely.
2. To scrape or beat with the forefoot.
His hot courser pawed the Hungarian plane.
Tickell.
Pawk (?), n. (Zo\'94l.)
A small lobster.
Travis.
Paw"ky (?), a. [Cf. AS.
p\'91cean to deceive.] Arch; cunning;
sly. [Scot.]
Jamieson.
Pawl (?), n. [W.
pawl a pole, a stake. Cf. Pole a
stake.] (Mach.) A pivoted tongue, or
sliding bolt, on one part of a machine, adapted to fall into
notches, or interdental spaces, on another part, as a ratchet
wheel, in such a manner as to permit motion in one direction and
prevent it in the reverse, as in a windlass; a catch, click, or
detent. See Illust. of Ratchet Wheel.
[Written also paul, or
pall.]
Pawl bitt (Naut.), a heavy timber,
set abaft the windlass, to receive the strain of the pawls.
-- Pawl rim ring
(Naut.), a stationary metallic ring surrounding
the base of a capstan, having notches for the pawls to catch
in.
Pawl, v. t. To stop with a pawl; to drop
the pawls off.
To pawl the capstan. See under
Capstan.
Pawn (?), n. See Pan,
the masticatory.
Pawn, n. [OE. paune,
poun, OF. peon, poon, F.
pion, LL. pedo a foot soldier, fr. L.
pes, pedis, foot. See Foot, and
cf. Pioneer, Peon.] (Chess)
A man or piece of the lowest rank.
Pawn, n. [OF. pan pledge,
assurance, skirt, piece, F. pan skirt, lappet, piece,
from L. pannus. See Pane.] 1.
Anything delivered or deposited as security, as for the
payment of money borrowed, or of a debt; a pledge. See
Pledge, n., 1.
As for mortgaging or pawning, . . . men will not take
pawns without use [i.e., interest].
Bacon.
2. State of being pledged; a pledge for the
fulfillment of a promise. [R.]
Redeem from broking pawn the blemish'd crown.
Shak.
As the morning dew is a pawn of the evening
fatness.
Donne.
3. A stake hazarded in a wager.
[Poetic]
My life I never held but as a pawn
To wage against thy enemies.
Shak.
In pawn, At pawn, in
the state of being pledged. \'bdSweet wife, my honor is at
pawn.\'b8 Shak. -- Pawn ticket,
a receipt given by the pawnbroker for an article
pledged.
Pawn, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Pawned (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Pawning.] 1. To give or
deposit in pledge, or as security for the payment of money
borrowed; to put in pawn; to pledge; as, to pawn
one's watch.<-- = to hock (colloq.) -->
And pawned the last remaining piece of plate.
Dryden.
2. To pledge for the fulfillment of a promise; to
stake; to risk; to wager; to hazard.
Pawning his honor to obtain his lust.
Shak.
Pawna*ble (?), a. Capable of
being pawned.
Pawn"bro`ker (?), n. One who
makes a business of lending money on the security of personal
property pledged or deposited in his keeping.
Pawn"bro`king, n. The business of a
pawnbroker.
Pawn*ee" (?), n. (Law)
One or two whom a pledge is delivered as security; one who
takes anything in pawn.
Paw`nees" (?), n. pl.; sing.
Pawnee (/). (Ethnol.)
A tribe of Indians (called also Loups)
who formerly occupied the region of the Platte river, but now
live mostly in the Indian Territory. The term is often used in a
wider sense to include also the related tribes of Rickarees and
Wichitas. Called also Pani.
{ Pawn"er (?), Pawn*or"
(?), } n. (Law) One who
pawns or pledges anything as security for the payment of borrowed
money or of a debt.
Paw`paw" (?), n. (Bot.)
See Papaw.
Pax (?), n. [L. pax
peace. See Peace.] 1. (Eccl.)
The kiss of peace; also, the embrace in the sanctuary now
substituted for it at High Mass in Roman Catholic churches.
2. (R. C. Ch.) A tablet or board, on
which is a representation of Christ, of the Virgin Mary, or of
some saint and which, in the Mass, was kissed by the priest and
then by the people, in medi\'91val times; an osculatory. It is
still used in communities, confraternities, etc.
Kiss the pax, and be quiet like your neighbors.
Chapman.
Pax"il*lose` (?), a. [L.
paxillus a small stake.] (Geol.)
Resembling a little stake.
\'d8Pax*il"lus (?), n.; pl.
Paxilli (#). [L., a peg.]
(Zo\'94l.) One of a peculiar kind of spines
covering the surface of certain starfishes. They are pillarlike,
with a flattened summit which is covered with minute spinules or
granules. See Illustration in Appendix.
Pax"wax` (?), n. [For
faxvax, fr. AS. fea/ hair (akin to OHG.
fahs) + weaxan to grow. See Wax to
grow, and cf. Faxed, Pectinate.]
(Anat.) The strong ligament of the back of the
neck in quadrupeds. It connects the back of the skull with dorsal
spines of the cervical vertebr\'91, and helps to support the
head. Called also paxywaxy and
packwax.
Pax"y*wax`y (?), n.
(Anat.) See Paxwax.
Pay (?), v. t. [OF.
peier, fr. L. picare to pitch,
i/ pitch: cf. OF. peiz pitch, F.
poix. See Pitch a black substance.]
(Naut.) To cover, as bottom of a vessel, a seam,
a spar, etc., with tar or pitch, or waterproof composition of
tallow, resin, etc.; to smear.
Pay, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Paid (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Paying.] [OE. paien, F.
payer, fr. L. pacare to pacify, appease,
fr. pax, pacis, peace. See
Peace.] 1. To satisfy, or content;
specifically, to satisfy (another person) for service rendered,
property delivered, etc.; to discharge one's obligation to; to
make due return to; to compensate; to remunerate; to recompense;
to requite; as, to pay workmen or
servants.
May no penny ale them pay [i. e.,
satisfy].
P. Plowman.
[She] pays me with disdain.
Dryden.
2. Hence, figuratively: To compensate justly; to
requite according to merit; to reward; to punish; to retort or
retaliate upon.
For which, or pay me quickly, or I'll pay you.
B. Jonson.
3. To discharge, as a debt, demand, or obligation,
by giving or doing what is due or required; to deliver the amount
or value of to the person to whom it is owing; to discharge a
debt by delivering (money owed). \'bdPay me that
thou owest.\'b8
Matt. xviii. 28.
Have patience with me, and I will pay thee all.
Matt. xviii. 26.
If they pay this tax, they starve.
Tennyson.
4. To discharge or fulfill, as a duy; to perform or
render duty, as that which has been promised.
This day have I paid my vows.
Prov. vii. 14.
5. To give or offer, without an implied obligation;
as, to pay attention; to pay a
visit.
Not paying me a welcome.
Shak.
To pay off. (a) To make compensation
to and discharge; as, to pay off the crew of a
ship. (b) To allow (a thread, cord, etc.)
to run off; to unwind. -- To pay one's duty,
to render homage, as to a sovereign or other superior.
-- To pay out (Naut.), to pass out;
hence, to slacken; to allow to run out; as, to pay
out more cable. See under Cable. --
To pay the piper, to bear the cost, expense, or
trouble. [Colloq.]
Pay (?), v. i. To give a
recompense; to make payment, requital, or satisfaction; to
discharge a debt.
The wicked borroweth, and payeth not again.
Ps. xxxvii. 21.
2. Hence, to make or secure suitable return for
expense or trouble; to be remunerative or profitable; to be worth
the effort or pains required; as, it will pay to
ride; it will pay to wait; politeness always
pays.
To pay for. (a) To make amends for;
to atone for; as, men often pay for their mistakes
with loss of property or reputation, sometimes with
life. (b) To give an equivalent for; to
bear the expense of; to be mulcted on account of.
'T was I paid for your sleeps; I watched your
wakings.
Beau. & Fl.
-- To pay off. [Etymol. uncertain.]
(Naut.) To fall to leeward, as the head of a
vessel under sail. -- To pay on. [Etymol.
uncertain.] To beat with vigor; to redouble blows.
[Colloq.] -- To pay round [Etymol.
uncertain.] (Naut.) To turn the ship's
head.
Pay, n. 1. Satisfaction;
content.
Chaucer.
2. An equivalent or return for money due, goods
purchased, or services performed; salary or wages for work or
service; compensation; recompense; payment; hire; as, the
pay of a clerk; the pay of a
soldier.
Where only merit constant pay receives.
Pope.
There is neither pay nor plunder to be got.
L'Estrange.
Full pay, the whole amount of wages or salary;
maximum pay; especially, the highest pay or allowance to civil or
military officers of a certain rank, without deductions. --
Half pay. See under Half. --
Pay day, the day of settlement of accounts.
-- Pay dirt (Mining), earth which
yields a profit to the miner. [Western U.S.] --
Pay office, a place where payment is
made. -- Pay roll, a roll or list of persons
entitled to payment, with the amounts due.<-- (b) the
total sum of money which is paid to all employees on payday -->
Pay"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F.
payable. Cf. Pacable.] 1.
That may, can, or should be paid; suitable to be paid;
justly due.
Drayton.
Thanks are a tribute payable by the poorest.
South.
2. (Law) (a) That may be
discharged or settled by delivery of value. (b)
Matured; now due.
Pay*ee" (?), n. The person to
whom money is to be, or has been, paid; the person named in a
bill or note, to whom, or to whose order, the amount is promised
or directed to be paid. See Bill of exchange, under
Bill.
Pay"en (?), n. & a. Pagan.
[F.] [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Pay"er (?), n. One who pays;
specifically, the person by whom a bill or note has been, or
should be, paid.
Pay"mas`ter (?), n. One who
pays; one who compensates, rewards, or requites; specifically, an
officer or agent of a government, a corporation, or an employer,
whose duty it is to pay salaries, wages, etc., and keep account
of the same.
Pay"ment (?), n. [F.
payment, paiement. See Pay to
requite.] 1. The act of paying, or giving
compensation; the discharge of a debt or an obligation.
No man envieth the payment of a debt.
Bacon.
2. That which is paid; the thing given in discharge
of a debt, or an obligation, or in fulfillment of a promise;
reward; recompense; requital; return.
Shak.
3. Punishment; chastisement.
[R.]
Payn (?), n. [OF. & F.
pain, fr. L. panis bread.]
Bread. Having
Piers Plowman.
Payn`de*main" (?), n. [OF.
pain bread + demaine manorial, lordly, own,
private. See Payn, and Demesne. Said to be so
called from the figure of our Lord impressed upon it.]
The finest and whitest bread made in the Middle Ages; --
called also paynemain,
payman. [Obs.]
Pay"nim (?), n & a. See
Painim.
Payn"ize (?), v. t. [From Mr.
Payne, the inventor.] To treat or preserve,
as wood, by a process resembling kyanizing.
Pay*or" (?), n. (Law)
See Payer. [R.]
Payse (?), v. t. To
poise. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Pay"tine (?), n. (Chem.)
An alkaloid obtained from a white bark resembling that of
the cinchona, first brought from Payta, in Peru.
Pea (?), n. [OF.
peis. See Poise.] The sliding
weight on a steelyard. [Written also
pee.]
Pea, n. (Naut.) See
Peak, n., 3.
Pea, n.; pl. Peas
(#) or Pease (#). [OE.
pese, fr. AS. pisa, or OF. peis,
F. pois; both fr. L. pisum; cf. Gr. /,
/. The final s was misunderstood in English as a
plural ending. Cf. Pease.] 1.
(Bot.) A plant, and its fruit, of the genus
Pisum, of many varieties, much cultivated for food. It
has a papilionaceous flower, and the pericarp is a legume,
popularly called a pod.
peas is used; as, the pod contained
nine peas; but, in a collective sense, the form
pease is preferred; as, a bushel of pease;
they had pease at dinner. This distinction is not
always preserved, the form peas being used in both
senses.
2. A name given, especially in the Southern States,
to the seed of several leguminous plants (species of
Dolichos, Cicer, Abrus, etc.)
esp. those having a scar (hilum) of a different color
from the rest of the seed.
pea is given to many leguminous
plants more or less closely related to the common pea. See the
Phrases, below.
Beach pea (Bot.), a seashore plant,
Lathyrus maritimus. -- Black-eyed pea,
a West Indian name for Dolichos sph\'91rospermus
and its seed. -- Butterfly pea, the American
plant Clitoria Mariana, having showy blossoms. --
Chick pea. See Chick-pea. --
Egyptian pea. Same as Chick-pea. --
Everlasting pea. See under
Everlasting. -- Glory pea. See under
Glory, n. -- Hoary pea,
any plant of the genus Tephrosia; goat's rue.
-- Issue pea, Orris pea.
(Med.) See under Issue, and
Orris. -- Milk pea. (Bot.)
See under Milk. -- Pea berry, a
kind of a coffee bean or grain which grows single, and is round
or pea-shaped; often used adjectively; as, pea-berry
coffee. -- Pea bug. (Zo\'94l.)
Same as Pea weevil. -- Pea coal,
a size of coal smaller than nut coal. -- Pea
crab (Zo\'94l.), any small crab of the genus
Pinnotheres, living as a commensal in bivalves; esp.,
the European species (P. pisum) which lives in the
common mussel and the cockle. -- Pea dove
(Zo\'94l.), the American ground dove. --
Pea-flower tribe (Bot.), a suborder
(Papilionace\'91) of leguminous plants having blossoms
essentially like that of the pea. G. Bentham. --
Pea maggot (Zo\'94l.), the larva of a
European moth (Tortrix pisi), which is very
destructive to peas. -- Pea ore
(Min.), argillaceous oxide of iron, occurring in
round grains of a size of a pea; pisolitic ore. -- Pea
starch, the starch or flour of the common pea, which is
sometimes used in adulterating wheat flour, pepper, etc. --
Pea tree (Bot.), the name of several
leguminous shrubs of the genus Caragana, natives of
Siberia and China. -- Pea vine. (Bot.)
(a) Any plant which bears peas. (b)
A kind of vetch or tare, common in the United States
(Lathyrus Americana, and other similar species).
-- Pea weevil (Zo\'94l.), a small
weevil (Bruchus pisi) which destroys peas by eating
out the interior. -- Pigeon pea.
(Bot.) See Pigeon pea. -- Sweet
pea (Bot.), the annual plant Lathyrus
odoratus; also, its many-colored, sweet-scented
blossoms.
Pea"bird` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The wryneck; -- so called from its
note. [Prov. Eng.]
Pea"bod*y bird` (?). (Zo\'94l.)
An American sparrow (Zonotrichia albicollis)
having a conspicuous white throat. The name is imitative of its
note. Called also White-throated
sparrow.
Peace (?), n. [OE.
pees, pais, OF. pais, paiz, pes, F.
paix, L. pax, pacis, akin to
pacere, paciscere, pacisci, to
make an agreement, and prob. also pangere to fasten.
Cf. Appease, Fair, a., Fay,
v., Fang, Pacify, Pact,
Pay to requite.] A state of quiet or
tranquillity; freedom from disturbance or agitation; calm;
repose; specifically: (a) Exemption from, or
cessation of, war with public enemies. (b)
Public quiet, order, and contentment in obedience to
law. (c) Exemption from, or subjection of,
agitating passions; tranquillity of mind or conscience.
(d) Reconciliation; agreement after variance;
harmony; concord. \'bdThe eternal love and
pees.\'b8
Chaucer.
Peace is sometimes used as an exclamation
in commanding silence, quiet, or order. \'bdPeace!
foolish woman.\'b8
Shak.
At peace, in a state of peace. --
Breach of the peace. See under
Breach. -- Justice of the peace. See
under Justice. -- Peace of God.
(Law) (a) A term used in wills,
indictments, etc., as denoting a state of peace and good
conduct. (b) (Theol.) The peace of
heart which is the gift of God. -- Peace
offering. (a) (Jewish Antiq.) A
voluntary offering to God in token of devout homage and of a
sense of friendly communion with Him. (b) A
gift or service offered as satisfaction to an offended
person. -- Peace officer, a civil officer
whose duty it is to preserve the public peace, to prevent riots,
etc., as a sheriff or constable. -- To hold one's
peace, to be silent; to refrain from speaking. --
To make one's peace with, to reconcile one with,
to plead one's cause with, or to become reconciled with, another.
\'bdI will make your peace with him.\'b8
Shak.
Peace, v. t. & i. To make or become
quiet; to be silent; to stop. [R.]
\'bdPeace your tattlings.\'b8
Shak.
When the thunder would not peace at my bidding.
Shak.
Peace"a*ble (?), a. [OE.
peisible, F. paisible.] Begin in
or at peace; tranquil; quiet; free from, or not disposed to, war,
disorder, or excitement; not quarrelsome. --
Peace"a*ble*ness, n. --
Peace"a*bly, adv.
Syn. -- Peaceful; pacific; tranquil; quiet; mild;
undisturbed; serene; still. -- Peaceable,
Peaceful. Peaceable describes the state of an
individual, nation, etc., in reference to external hostility,
attack, etc.; peaceful, in respect to internal
disturbance. The former denotes \'bdin the spirit of peace;\'b8
latter; \'bdin the possession or enjoyment of peace.\'b8 A
peaceable adjustment of difficulties; a
peaceful life, scene.
Peace"break`er (?), n. One who
disturbs the public peace. --
Peace"break`ing, n.
Peace"ful (?), a. 1.
Possessing or enjoying peace; not disturbed by war, tumult,
agitation, anxiety, or commotion; quiet; tranquil; as, a
peaceful time; a peaceful country; a
peaceful end.
2. Not disposed or tending to war, tumult or
agitation; pacific; mild; calm; peaceable; as,
peaceful words.
Syn. -- See Peaceable.
--Peace"ful*ly, adv.. --
Peace"ful*ness, n.
Peace"less, a. Without peace;
disturbed.
Sandys.
Peace"mak`er (?), n. One who
makes peace by reconciling parties that are at variance.
Matt. v. 9.
--Peace"mak`ing, n.
Peach (?), v. t. [See
Appeach, Impeach.] To accuse of
crime; to inform against. [Obs.]
Foxe.
Peach, v. i. To turn informer; to betray
one's accomplice. [Obs. or Colloq.]
If I be ta'en, I'll peach for this.
Shak.
Peach (?), n. [OE.
peche, peshe, OF. pesche, F.
p\'88che, fr. LL. persia, L.
Persicum (sc. malum) a Persian apple, a
peach. Cf. Persian, and Parsee.]
(Bot.) A well-known high-flavored juicy fruit,
containing one or two seeds in a hard almond-like endocarp or
stone; also, the tree which bears it (Prunus, ). In the wild stock the fruit is hard and
inedible.
Guinea, Sierra Leone,
peach, the large edible berry of the
Sarcocephalus esculentus, a rubiaceous climbing shrub
of west tropical Africa. -- Palm peach, the
fruit of a Venezuelan palm tree (Bactris
speciosa). -- Peach color, the pale red
color of the peach blossom. -- Peach-tree borer
(Zo\'94l.), the larva of a clearwing moth
(\'92geria, ) of the family
\'92geriid\'91, which is very destructive to peach
trees by boring in the wood, usually near the ground; also, the
moth itself. See Illust. under
Borer.
Peach"-col`ored (?), a. Of the
color of a peach blossom. \'bdPeach-colored
satin.\'b8
Shak.
Peach"er (?), n. One who
peaches. [Low]
Foxe.
Pea"chick` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The chicken of the peacock.
Peach"y (?), a. Resembling a
peach or peaches.
Pea"cock` (?), n. [OE.
pecok. Pea- in this word is from AS.
pe\'a0, p\'bewa, peacock, fr. L.
pavo, prob. of Oriental origin; cf. Gr. /, /, Per.
t\'beus, t\'bewus, Ar.
t\'bewu/s. See Cock the bird.]
1. (Zo\'94l.) The male of any pheasant
of the genus Pavo, of which at least two species are
known, native of Southern Asia and the East Indies.
Pavo cristatus. The
Javan peacock (P. muticus) is more brilliantly colored
than the common species.
2. In common usage, the species in general or
collectively; a peafowl.
Peacock butterfly (Zo\'94l.), a
handsome European butterfly (Hamadryas Io) having
ocelli like those of peacock. -- Peacock fish
(Zo\'94l.), the European blue-striped wrasse
(Labrus variegatus); -- so called on account of its
brilliant colors. Called also cook wrasse and
cook. -- Peacock pheasant
(Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of handsome
Asiatic pheasants of the genus Polyplectron. They
resemble the peacock in color.
Pea"fowl` (?), n. [See
Peacock.] (Zo\'94l.) The peacock
or peahen; any species of Pavo.
Pe"age (?), n. See
Paage.
Pea"grit` (?), n. (Min.)
A coarse pisolitic limestone. See Pisolite.
Pea"hen` (?), n. [See
Peacock.] (Zo\'94l.) The hen or
female peafowl.
Pea"-jack`et (?), n. [Prob. fr.
D. pij, pije, a coat of a coarse woolen
stuff.] A thick loose woolen jacket, or coat, much
worn by sailors in cold weather.
Peak (?), n. [OE.
pek, AS. peac, perh of Celtic origin; cf.
Ir. peac a sharp-pointed thing. Cf.
Pike.] 1. A point; the sharp end or
top of anything that terminates in a point; as, the
peak, or front, of a cap. \'bdRun your beard
into a peak.\'b8
Beau. & Fl.
2. The top, or one of the tops, of a hill,
mountain, or range, ending in a point; often, the whole hill or
mountain, esp. when isolated; as, the Peak of
Teneriffe.
Silent upon a peak in Darien.
Keats.
3. (Naut.) (a) The upper
aftermost corner of a fore-and-aft sail; -- used in many
combinations; as, peak-halyards,
peak-brails, etc. (b) The
narrow part of a vessel's bow, or the hold within it.
(c) The extremity of an anchor fluke; the
bill. [In the last sense written also pea
and pee.]
Fore peak. (Naut.) See under
Fore.
Peak, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Peaked (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Peaking.] 1. To rise or extend
into a peak or point; to form, or appear as, a peak.
There peaketh up a mighty high mount.
Holand.
2. To acquire sharpness of figure or features;
hence, to look thin or sicky. \'bdDwindle, peak,
and pine.\'b8
Shak.
3. [Cf. Peek.] To pry; to peep
slyly.
Shak.
Peak arch (Arch.), a pointed or
Gothic arch.
Peak, v. t. (Naut.) To raise
to a position perpendicular, or more nearly so; as, to
peak oars, to hold them upright; to peak a gaff
or yard, to set it nearer the perpendicular.
Peaked (?), a. 1.
Pointed; ending in a point; as, a peaked
roof.
2. (Oftener /) Sickly; not
robust. [Colloq.]
<-- p. 1055 -->
Peak"ing (?), a. 1.
Mean; sneaking. [Vulgar]
2. Pining; sickly; peakish.
[Colloq.]
Peak"ish, a. 1. Of or relating
to a peak; or to peaks; belonging to a mountainous region.
\'bdHer peakish spring.\'b8 Drayton. \'bdHis
peakish dialect.\'b8 Bp. Hall.
2. Having peaks; peaked.
3. Having features thin or sharp, as from sickness;
hence, sickly. [Colloq.]
Peak"y (?), a. 1.
Having a peak or peaks.
Tennyson.
2. Sickly; peaked. [Colloq.]
Peal (?), n. [Etymol.
uncertain.] (Zo\'94l.) A small salmon; a
grilse; a sewin. [Prov. Eng.]
Peal, v. i. To appeal.
[Obs.]
Spencer.
Peal, n. [An abbrev. of F.
appel a call, appeal, ruffle of a drum, fr.
appeller to call, L. appellare. See
Appeal.] 1. A loud sound, or a
succession of loud sounds, as of bells, thunder, cannon, shouts,
of a multitude, etc. \'bdA fair peal of
artillery.\'b8
Hayward.
Whether those peals of praise be his or no.
Shak.
And a deep thunder, peal on peal,
afar.
Byron.
2. A set of bells tuned to each other according to
the diatonic scale; also, the changes rung on a set of
bells.
To ring a peal. See under
Ring.
Peal, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Pealed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Pealing.] 1. To utter or give
out loud sounds.
There let the pealing organ blow.
Milton.
2. To resound; to echo.
And the whole air pealed
With the cheers of our men.
Longfellow.
Peal, v. t. 1. To utter or give
forth loudly; to cause to give out loud sounds; to noise
abroad.
The warrior's name,
Though pealed and chimed on all the tongues of
fame.
J. Barlow.
2. To assail with noise or loud sounds.
Nor was his ear less pealed.
Milton.
3. To pour out. [Prov. Eng.]
Halliwell.
Pean (?), n. [OF.
pene, F. panne.] (Her.)
One of the furs, the ground being sable, and the
spots or tufts or.
Pe"an (?), n. A song of praise
and triumph. See P\'91an.
Pe"an*ism (?), n. [Gr. /, fr.
/ to chant the p\'91an.] The song or shout of
praise, of battle, or of triumph. [R.]
Pea"nut (?), n. (Bot.)
The fruit of a trailing leguminous plant (Arachis
hypog\'91a); also, the plant itself, which is widely
cultivated for its fruit.
earthnut,
groundnut, and goober.
Pear (?), n. [OE.
pere, AS. peru, L. pirum: cf. F.
poire. Cf. Perry.] (Bot.)
The fleshy pome, or fruit, of a rosaceous tree (Pyrus
communis), cultivated in many varieties in temperate
climates; also, the tree which bears this fruit. See Pear
family, below.
Pear blight. (a) (Bot.) A
name of two distinct diseases of pear trees, both causing a
destruction of the branches, viz., that caused by a minute insect
(Xyleborus pyri), and that caused by the freezing of
the sap in winter. A. J. Downing. (b)
(Zo\'94l.) A very small beetle (Xyleborus
pyri) whose larv\'91 bore in the twigs of pear trees and
cause them to wither. -- Pear family
(Bot.), a suborder of rosaceous plants
(Pome\'91), characterized by the calyx tube becoming
fleshy in fruit, and, combined with the ovaries, forming a pome.
It includes the apple, pear, quince, service berry, and
hewthorn. -- Pear gauge (Physics),
a kind of gauge for measuring the exhaustion of an air-pump
receiver; -- so called because consisting in part of a
pear-shaped glass vessel. Pear shell
(Zo\'94l.), any marine gastropod shell of the
genus Pyrula, native of tropical seas; -- so called
from the shape. -- Pear slug
(Zo\'94l.), the larva of a sawfly which is very
injurious to the foliage of the pear tree.
<-- Illustr. of pear slug (Celandria cerasi) -->
Pearch (?), n. [Obs.]
See Perch.
Pearl (?), n. A fringe or
border. [Obs.] -- v. t.
To fringe; to border. [Obs.] See
Purl.
Pearl stitch. See Purl stitch,
under Purl.
Pearl, n. [OE. perle, F.
perle, LL. perla, perula,
probably fr. (assumed) L. pirulo, dim. of L.
pirum a pear. See Pear, and cf. Purl
to mantle.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) A shelly
concretion, usually rounded, and having a brilliant luster, with
varying tints, found in the mantle, or between the mantle and
shell, of certain bivalve mollusks, especially in the pearl
oysters and river mussels, and sometimes in certain univalves. It
is usually due to a secretion of shelly substance around some
irritating foreign particle. Its substance is the same as nacre,
or mother-of-pearl. Pearls which are round, or nearly round, and
of fine luster, are highly esteemed as jewels, and compare in
value with the precious stones.
2. Hence, figuratively, something resembling a
pearl; something very precious.
I see thee compassed with thy kingdom's pearl.
Shak.
And those pearls of dew she wears.
Milton.
3. Nacre, or mother-of-pearl.
4. (Zo\'94l.) A fish allied to the
turbot; the brill.
5. (Zo\'94l.) A light-colored
tern.
6. (Zo\'94l.) One of the circle of
tubercles which form the bur on a deer's antler.
7. A whitish speck or film on the eye.
[Obs.]
Milton.
8. A capsule of gelatin or similar substance
containing some liquid for medicinal application, as ether.
9. (Print.) A size of type, between
agate and diamond.
\'b5 This line is printed in the type called
pearl.
Ground pearl. (Zo\'94l.) See under
Ground. -- Pearl barley, kernels of
barley, ground so as to form small, round grains. --
Pearl diver, one who dives for pearl oysters.
-- Pearl edge, an edge of small loops on the side
of some kinds of ribbon; also, a narrow kind of thread edging to
be sewed on lace. -- Pearl eye,
cataract. [R.] -- Pearl
gray, a very pale and delicate blue-gray
color. -- Pearl millet, Egyptian millet
(Penicillaria spicata). -- Pearl moss.
See Carrageen. -- Pearl moth
(Zo\'94l.), any moth of the genus
Margaritia; -- so called on account of its pearly
color. -- Pearl oyster (Zo\'94l.),
any one of several species of large tropical marine bivalve
mollusks of the genus Meleagrina, or
Margaritifera, found in the East Indies (especially at
Ceylon), in the Persian Gulf, on the coast of Australia, and on
the Pacific coast of America. Called also pearl
shell, and pearl mussel. --
Pearl powder. See Pearl white,
below. -- Pearl sago, sago in the form of
small pearly grains. -- Pearl sinter
(Min.), fiorite. -- Pearl spar
(Min.), a crystallized variety of dolomite, having
a pearly luster. -- Pearl white. (a)
Basic bismuth nitrate, or bismuth subchloride; -- used
chiefly as a cosmetic. (b) A variety of white
lead blued with indigo or Berlin blue.<-- cultured
pearl, a pearl grown by a pearl oyster into which a round pellet
has been placed, to serve as the seed for more predictable growth
of the pearl. The pellet is usually made from mother-of-pearl,
and additional layers of nacre are deposited onto the seed by the
oyster. Such pearls, being more easily obtained than natural
pearls, are less expensive. -->
Pearl (?), a. Of or pertaining
to pearl or pearls; made of pearls, or of mother-of-pearl.
Pearl, v. t. 1. To set or adorn
with pearls, or with mother-of-pearl. Used also
figuratively.
2. To cause to resemble pearls; to make into small
round grains; as, to pearl barley.
Pearl, v. i. 1. To resemble
pearl or pearls.
2. To give or hunt for pearls; as, to go
pearling.
Pearl*a"ceous (?), a.
Resembling pearl or mother-of-pearl; pearly in quality or
appearance.
Pearl"ash` (?), n.
(Chem.) A white amorphous or granular substance
which consists principally of potassium carbonate, and has a
strong alkaline reaction. It is obtained by lixiviating wood
ashes, and evaporating the lye, and has been an important source
of potassium compounds. It is used in making soap, glass,
etc.
Pearl"-eyed` (?), a. Having a
pearly speck in the eye; afflicted with the cataract.
Pearl"fish` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) Any fish whose scales yield a
pearl-like pigment used in manufacturing artificial pearls, as
the bleak, and whitebait.
{ Pearl"ins (?), Pearl"ings
(?), } n. pl. [Prob. a corruption
of purflings. See Purfle.] A kind
of lace of silk or thread. [Scot.]
Sir W. Scott.
{ Pearl"ite (?), Pearl"stone`
(?), } n. (Min.) A
glassy volcanic rock of a grayish color and pearly luster, often
having a spherulitic concretionary structure due to the curved
cracks produced by contraction in cooling. See Illust.
under Perlitic.
Pearl"wort` (?), n.
(Bot.) A name given to several species of
Sagina, low and inconspicuous herbs of the Chickweed
family.
Pearl"y (?), a. 1.
Containing pearls; abounding with, or yielding, pearls;
as, pearly shells.
Milton.
2. Resembling pearl or pearls; clear; pure;
transparent; iridescent; as, the pearly dew or
flood.
Pear"main (?), n. (Bot.)
The name of several kinds of apples; as, the blue
pearmain, winter pearmain, and red
pearmain.
Pear"-shaped` (?), a. Of the
form of a pear.
Peart (?), a. [A variant of
pert, a.] Active; lively; brisk;
smart; -- often applied to convalescents; as, she is quite
peart to-day. [O. Eng. & Colloq. U.
S.]
There was a tricksy girl, I wot, albeit clad in gray,
As peart as bird, as straight as bolt, as fresh as
flowers in May.
Warner (1592).
Peas"ant (?), n. [OF.
pa\'8bsant (the i being perh. due to
confusion with the p.pr. of verbs), pa\'8bsan, F.
paysan, fr. OF. & F. pays country, fr. L.
pagus the country. See Pagan.] A
countryman; a rustic; especially, one of the lowest class of
tillers of the soil in European countries.
Syn. -- Countryman; rustic; swain; hind.
Peas"ant, a. Rustic, rural.
Spenser.
Peas"ant*like` (?), a. Rude;
clownish; illiterate.
Peas"ant*ly, a. Peasantlike.
[Obs.]
Milton.
Peas"ant*ry (?), n. 1.
Peasants, collectively; the body of rustics. \'bdA
bold peasantry.\'b8
Goldsmith.
2. Rusticity; coarseness. [Obs.]
p. Butler.
Peas"cod` (?), n. The legume or
pericarp, or the pod, of the pea.
Pease (?), n.;
obs.pl. Peases (#),
Peasen (#). [See
Pea.] 1. A pea.
[Obs.] \'bdA peose.\'b8 \'bdBread . . .
of beans and of peses.\'b8
Piers Plowman.
2. A plural form of Pea. See the Note
under Pea.
Pea"stone` (?), n. (Min.)
Pisolite.
Peas"weep` (?), n. [So called
from its note.] [Prov. Eng.]
(Zo\'94l.) (a) The pewit, or
lapwing. (b) The greenfinch.
Peat (?), n. [Cf. Pet
a fondling.] A small person; a pet; -- sometimes used
contemptuously. [Obs.]
Shak.
Peat, n. [Prob. for beat,
prop., material used to make the fire burn better, fr.
AS. b/tan to better, mend (a fire), b/t
advantage. See Better, Boot advantage.]
A substance of vegetable origin, consisting of roots and
fibers, moss, etc., in various stages of decomposition, and
found, as a kind of turf or bog, usually in low situations, where
it is always more or less saturated with water. It is often dried
and used for fuel.
Peat bog, a bog containing peat; also, peat as
it occurs in such places; peat moss. -- Peat
moss. (a) The plants which, when decomposed,
become peat. (b) A fen producing peat.
(c) (Bot.) Moss of the genus
Sphagnum, which often grows abundantly in boggy or
peaty places. -- Peat reek, the reek or smoke
of peat; hence, also, the peculiar flavor given to whisky by
being distilled with peat as fuel. [Scot.]
Peat"y (?), a. Composed of
peat; abounding in peat; resembling peat.
Pe"ba (?), n. [Cf. Pg.
peba.] (Zo\'94l.) An armadillo
(Tatusia novemcincta) which is found from Texas to
Paraguay; -- called also tatouhou.
Peb"ble (?), n. [AS.
papolst\'ben; cf. L. papula pimple, mote.
See Stone.] 1. A small roundish
stone or bowlder; especially, a stone worn and rounded by the
action of water; a pebblestone. \'bdThe pebbles
on the hungry beach.\'b8
Shak.
As children gathering pebbles on the shore.
Milton.
2. Transparent and colorless rock crystal; as,
Brazilian pebble; -- so called by opticians.
Pebble powder, slow-burning gunpowder, in
large cubical grains. -- Scotch pebble,
varieties of quartz, as agate, chalcedony, etc., obtained
from cavities in amygdaloid.
Peb"ble, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Pebbled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Pebbling.] To grain (leather) so as to
produce a surface covered with small rounded prominences.
Peb"bled (?), a. Abounding in
pebbles.
Thomson.
Peb"ble*stone` (?). A pebble; also,
pebbles collectively. \'bdChains of
pebblestone.\'b8
Marlowe.
Peb"bly (?), a. Full of
pebbles; pebbled. \'bdA hard, pebbly bottom.\'b8
Johnson.
\'d8Pe`brine" (?), n.
[F.] An epidemic disease of the silkworm,
characterized by the presence of minute vibratory corpuscles in
the blood.
Pe*can" (?), n. [Cf. F.
pacane the nut.] (Bot.) A
species of hickory (Carya oliv\'91formis), growing in
North America, chiefly in the Mississippi valley and in Texas,
where it is one of the largest of forest trees; also, its fruit,
a smooth, oblong nut, an inch or an inch and a half long, with a
thin shell and well-flavored meat. [Written also
pacane.]
Pec"a*ry (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) See Peccary.
Pec`ca*bil"i*ty (?), n. The
state or quality of being peccable; lability to sin.
The common peccability of mankind.
Dr. H. More.
Pec"ca*ble (?), a. [Cf. F.
peccable. See Peccant.] Liable to
sin; subject to transgress the divine law. \'bdA frail and
peccable mortal.\'b8
Sir W. Scott.
Pec`ca*dil"lo (?), n; pl.
Peccadillos (#). [Sp.
pecadillo, dim. of pecado a sin, fr. L.
peccatum. See Peccant.] A slight
trespass or offense; a petty crime or fault.
Sir W. Scott.
Pec"can*cy (?), n. [L.
peccantia.] 1. The quality or
state of being peccant.
2. A sin; an offense.
W. Montagu.
Pec"cant (?), a. [L.
peccans, -antis, p.pr. of
peccare to sin: cf. F. peccant.]
1. Sinning; guilty of transgression; criminal;
as, peccant angels.
Milton.
2. Morbid; corrupt; as, peccant
humors.
Bacon.
3. Wrong; defective; faulty.
[R.]
Ayliffe.
Pec"cant, n. An offender.
[Obs.]
Whitlock.
Pec"cant*ly, adv. In a peccant
manner.
Pec"ca*ry (?), n.; pl.
Peccaries (#). [From the native
South American name: cf. F. p\'82cari, Sp.
pecar.] (Zo\'94l.) A pachyderm
of the genus Dicotyles.
Dicotyles
torquatus), is about the size and shape of a small hog, and
has a white ring aroung the neck. It ranges from Arkansas to
Brazil. A larger species (D. labiatus), with white
cheeks, is found in South America.
\'d8Pec*ca"vi (?). [L.] I have
sinned; -- used colloquially to express confession or
acknowledgment of an offense.
Aubrey.
<-- seldom used -- same purpose served by mea culpa -->
Pec"co (?), n. See
Pekoe.
Peck, n. [Perh. akin to pack;
or, orig., an indefinite quantity, and fr. peck, v.
(below): cf. also F. picotin a peak.]
1. The fourth part of a bushel; a dry measure of
eight quarts; as, a peck of wheat. \'bdA
peck of provender.\'b8
Shak.
2. A great deal; a large or excessive
quantity. \'bdA peck of uncertainties and
doubts.\'b8 Milton.
Peck, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Pecked (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Pecking.] [See Pick,
v.] 1. To strike with the beak; to
thrust the beak into; as, a bird pecks a
tree.
2. Hence: To strike, pick, thrust against, or dig
into, with a pointed instrument; especially, to strike, pick,
etc., with repeated quick movements.
3. To seize and pick up with the beak, or as with
the beak; to bite; to eat; -- often with up.
Addison.
This fellow pecks up wit as pigeons peas.
Shak.
4. To make, by striking with the beak or a pointed
instrument; as, to peck a hole in a tree.
Peck, v. i. 1. To make strokes
with the beak, or with a pointed instrument.
Carew.
2. To pick up food with the beak; hence, to
eat.
[The hen] went pecking by his side.
Dryden.
To peck at, to attack with petty and repeated
blows; to carp at; to nag; to tease.
<-- p. 1056 -->
Peck (?), n. A quick, sharp
stroke, as with the beak of a bird or a pointed instrument.
Peck"er (?), n. 1. One
who, or that which, pecks; specif., a bird that pecks holes in
trees; a woodpecker.
2. An instrument for pecking; a pick.
Garth.
Flower pecker. (Zo\'94l.) See under
Flower.
Peck"ish, a. Inclined to eat;
hungry. [Colloq.] \'bdWhen shall I feel
peckish again?\'b8
Beaconsfield.
Pec"kled (?), a. Speckled;
spotted. [Obs.]
\'d8Pe*cop"te*ris (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. / to comb + / a kind of fern.]
(Paleon.) An extensive genus of fossil ferns; --
so named from the regular comblike arrangement of the
leaflets.
\'d8Pec"o*ra (?), n. pl. [NL.,
fr. L. pecus. See Pecuniary.]
(Zo\'94l.) An extensive division of ruminants,
including the antelopes, deer, and cattle.
Pec"tate (?), n. (Chem.)
A salt of pectic acid.
Pec"ten (?), n. [L.
pecten, -inis, a comb, a kind of shellfish.
See Pectinate.] 1. (Anat.)
(a) A vascular pigmented membrane projecting into
the vitreous humor within the globe of the eye in birds, and in
many reptiles and fishes; -- also called
marsupium. (b) The pubic
bone.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Any species of bivalve
mollusks of the genus Pecten, and numerous allied
genera (family Pectinid\'91); a scallop. See
Scallop.
3. (Zo\'94l.) The comb of a scorpion.
See Comb, 4 (b).
Pec"tic (?), a. [Gr. /
curdled.] (Chem.) Of or pertaining to
pectin; specifically, designating an acid obtained from ordinary
vegetable jelly (pectin) as an amorphous substance, tough and
horny when dry, but gelatinous when moist.
Pec"tin (?), n. [Gr. /
curdled, congealed, from / to make fast or stiff: cf. F.
pectine.] (Chem.) One of a
series of carbohydrates, commonly called vegetable
jelly, found very widely distributed in the vegetable
kingdom, especially in ripe fleshy fruits, as apples,
cranberries, etc. It is extracted as variously colored,
translucent substances, which are soluble in hot water but become
viscous on cooling.
Pec"ti*nal (?), a. [L.
pecten comb. See Pectinate.] Of or
pertaining to a comb; resembling a comb.
Pec"ti*nal, n. A fish whose bone/
resemble comb teeth.
Sir T. Browne.
{ Pec"ti*na`te (?), Pec"ti*na`ted
(?), } a. [L.
pectinatus, p.pr. of pectinare to comb,
from pecten, -inis, a comb; cf. Gr. / to
comb, AS. feax hair, OHG. fahs, E.
paxwax.] 1. Resembling the teeth
of a comb.
2. (Nat. Hist.) Having very narrow,
close divisions, in arrangement and regularity resembling those
of a comb; comblike; as, a pectinate leaf;
pectinated muscles. See Illust.
(e) of Antenn\'91.
3. Interlaced, like two combs.
[R.] \'bdOur fingers pectinated, or shut
together.\'b8
Sir T. Browne.
Pectinate claw (Zo\'94l.), a claw
having a serrate edge, found in some birds, and supposed to be
used in cleaning the feathers.
Pec"ti*nate*ly (?), adv. In a
pectinate manner.
Pec`ti*na"tion (?), n. 1.
The state of being pectinated; that which is
pectinated.
Sir T. Browne.
2. The act of combing; the combing of the
head.
3. (Nat. Hist.) Comblike toothing.
Pec*tin"e*al (?), a. [See
Pecten.] (Anat.) (a) Of
or pertaining to the pecten. (b) Relating to,
or connected with, the pubic bone.
Pec*tin"i*branch (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) One of the Pectinibranchiata. Also
used adjectively.
\'d8Pec`ti*ni*bran`chi*a"ta (?), n.
pl. [NL. See Pecten, and
Branchia.] (Zo\'94l.) A division
of Gastropoda, including those that have a comblike gill upon the
neck.
Pec`ti*ni*bran"chi*ate (?), a.
[L. pecten, -inis, a comb + E.
branchiate.] (Zo\'94l.) Having
pectinated gills.
Pec*tin"i*form (?), a. Comblike
in form.
Pec*tize" (?), v. i. [Gr. /
solid.] To congeal; to change into a gelatinous
mass. [R.]
H. Spencer.
Pec"to*lite (?), n. [L.
pecten a comb + -lite.]
(Min.) A whitish mineral occurring in radiated or
fibrous crystalline masses. It is a hydrous silicate of lime and
soda.
Pec"to*ral (?), a. [L.
pectoralis, fr. pectus, -oris
the breast; cf. F. pectoral.] 1.
Of or pertaining to the breast, or chest; as, the
pectoral muscles.
2. Relating to, or good for, diseases of the chest
or lungs; as, a pectoral remedy.
3. (Zo\'94l.) Having the breast
conspicuously colored; as, the pectoral
sandpiper.
Pectoral arch, Pectoral
girdle (Anat.), the two or more bony
or cartilaginous pieces of the vertebrate skeleton to which the
fore limbs are articulated; the shoulder girdle. In man it
consists of two bones, the scapula and clavicle, on each
side. -- Pectorial cross (Eccl.),
a cross worn on the breast by bishops and abbots, and
sometimes also by canons. -- Pectorial
fins, Pectorials (Zo\'94l.),
fins situated on the sides, behind the gills. See
Illust. under Fin. -- Pectorial
rail. (Zo\'94l.) See Land rail
(b) under Land. -- Pectorial
sandpiper (Zo\'94l.), the jacksnipe
(b).
Pec"to*ral (?), n. [L.
pectorale a breastplate, neut. of
pectorials.] 1. A covering or
protecting for the breast.
2. (Eccl.) (a) A breastplate,
esp. that worn by the Jewish high person. (b)
A clasp or a cross worn on the breast.
3. A medicine for diseases of the chest organs,
especially the lungs.
Pec"to*ral*ly (?), adv. As
connected with the breast.
Pec`to*ri*lo"qui*al (?), a.
[Cf. F. pectoriloque.] Pertaining to,
or of the nature of, pectoriloquy.
Pec`to*ril"o*quism (?), n.
Pectoriloquy.
Pec`to*ril"o*quous (?), a.
Pectoriloquial.
Pec`to*ril"o*quy (?), n. [L.
pectus, -oris, the breast +
loqui to speak: cf. F.
pectoriloquie.] (Med.) The
distinct articulation of the sounds of a patient's voice, heard
on applying the ear to the chest in auscultation. It usually
indicates some morbid change in the lungs or pleural
cavity.
Pec"tose` (?), n.
[Pectic + cellulose.]
(Chem.) An amorphous carbohydrate found in the
vegetable kingdom, esp. in unripe fruits. It is associated with
cellulose, and is converted into substances of the pectin
group.
Pec*to"sic (?), a.
(Chem.)Of, pertaining to, resembling, or derived
from, pectose; specifically, designating an acid supposed to
constitute largely ordinary pectin or vegetable jelly.
\'d8Pec*tos"tra*ca (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / fixed + / shell of a testacean.]
(Zo\'94l.) A degenerate order of Crustacea,
including the Rhizocephala and Cirripedia.
Pec"tous (?), a. (Chem.)
Of, pertaining to, or consisting of, pectose.
\'d8Pec"tus (?), n.; pl.
Pectora (#). [L., the
breast.] (Zo\'94l.) The breast of a
bird.
Pec"ul (?), n. See
Picul.
Pec"u*late (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Peculated
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Peculating.] [L. peculatus,
p.p. of peculari to peculate, akin to
peculium private property. See
Peculiar.] To appropriate to one's own use
the property of the public; to steal public moneys intrusted to
one's care; to embezzle.
An oppressive, . . . rapacious, and peculating
despotism.
Burke.
Pec`u*la"tion (?), n. The act
or practice of peculating, or of defrauding the public by
appropriating to one's own use the money or goods intrusted to
one's care for management or disbursement; embezzlement.
Every British subject . . . active in the discovery of
peculations has been ruined.
Burke.
Pec"u*la`tor (?), n. [L.]
One who peculates. \'bdPeculators of the
public gold.\'b8
Cowper.
Pe*cul"iar (?), a. [L.
peculiaris, fr. peculium private property,
akin to pecunia money: cf. OF. peculier.
See Pecuniary.] 1. One's own;
belonging solely or especially to an individual; not possessed by
others; of private, personal, or characteristic possession and
use; not owned in common or in participation.
And purify unto himself a peculiar people.
Titus ii. 14.
Hymns . . . that Christianity hath peculiar unto
itself.
Hooker.
2. Particular; individual; special;
appropriate.
While each peculiar power forgoes his wonted
seat.
Milton.
My fate is Juno's most peculiar care.
Dryden.
3. Unusual; singular; rare; strange; as, the
sky had a peculiarappearance.
Syn. -- Peculiar, Special,
Especial. Peculiar is from the
Roman peculium, which was a thing emphatically and
distinctively one's own, and hence was dear. The former sense
always belongs to peculiar (as, a peculiar
style, peculiar manners, etc.), and usually so much of
the latter as to involve feelings of interest; as,
peculiar care, watchfulness, satisfaction, etc.
Nothing of this kind belongs to special and
especial. They mark simply the relation of
species to genus, and denote that there is
something in this case more than ordinary; as, a
special act of Congress; especial pains,
etc.
Beauty, which, either walking or asleep,
Shot forth peculiar graces.
Milton.
For naught so vile that on the earth doth live,
But to the earth some special good doth give.
Shak.
Pe*cul"iar, n. 1. That which is
peculiar; a sole or exclusive property; a prerogative; a
characteristic.
Revenge is . . . the peculiar of Heaven.
South.
2. (Eng. Canon Law) A particular parish
or church which is exempt from the jurisdiction of the
ordinary.
Court of Peculiars (Eng. Law), a
branch of the Court of Arches having cognizance of the affairs of
peculiars. Blackstone. -- Dean of
peculiars. See under Dean, 1.
Pe*cul`iar"i*ty (?), n.; pl.
Peculiarities (/). 1.
The quality or state of being peculiar; individuality;
singularity.
Swift.
2. That which is peculiar; a special and
distinctive characteristic or habit; particularity.
The smallest peculiarity of temper on manner.
Macaulay.
3. Exclusive possession or right.
[Obs.]
Bp. Hall.
Pe*cul"iar*ize (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Pecularized
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pecularizing
(?).] To make peculiar; to set appart
or assign, as an exclusive possession. [R.]
Dr. John Smith.
Pe*cul"iar*ly, adv. In a peculiar
manner; particulary; in a rare and striking degree;
unusually.
Pe*cul"iar*ness, n. The quality or state
of being peculiar; peculiarity.
Mede.
\'d8Pe*cu"li*um (?), n. [L. See
Peculiar.] 1. (Rom. Law)
The saving of a son or a slave with the father's or master's
consent; a little property or stock of one's own; any exclusive
personal or separate property.
Burrill.
2. A special fund for private and personal
uses.
A slight peculium only subtracted to supply his
snuff box and tobacco pouch.
Sir W. Scott.
Pe*cu"ni*al (?), a.
Pecuniary. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Pe*cun"ia*ri*ly (?), adv. In a
pecuniary manner; as regards money.
Pe*cun"ia*ry (?), a. [L.
pecuniarius, fr. pecunia money, orig.,
property in cattle, fr. pecus cattle: cf. F.
p\'82cuniaire. See Fee, and cf.
Peculiar.] 1. Relating to money;
monetary; as, a pecuniary penalty; a
pecuniary reward.
Burke.
Pe*cu"ni*ous (?), a. [L.
pecuniosus, fr. pecunia: cf. F.
p\'82cunieux.] Abounding in money; wealthy;
rich. [Obs.]
Sherwood.
Ped (?), n. [OE. See
Peddler.] A basket; a hammer; a
pannier. [Obs.]
Halliwell.
Ped"age (?), n. [LL.
pedagium, for pedaticum. See
Paage.] A toll or tax paid by passengers,
entitling them to safe-conduct and protection.
[Obs.]
Spelman.
Ped"a*gog (?), n.
Pedagogue.
Ped`a*gog"ic (?), n. [From
Pedagogic, a.; cf. G.
pedagogik.] See Pedagogics.
{ Ped`a*gog"ic (?),
Ped`a*gog"ic*al (?), } a.
[Gr. /: cf. F. p\'82dagogique. See
Pedagogue.] Of or pertaining to a pedagogue;
suited to, or characteristic of, a pedagogue.
Ped`a*gog"ics (?), n. The
science or art of teaching; the principles and rules of teaching;
pedagogy.
Ped"a*gog*ism (?), n. [Cf. F.
p\'82dagogisme.] The system, occupation,
character, or manner of pedagogues.
Milton.
Avocation of pedantry and pedagogism.
De Foe.
Ped"a*gogue (?), n. [F.
p\'82dagogue, L. paedagogus, Gr. /; /,
/, a boy + / to lead, guide; cf. / leading. See
Page a servant, Agent.] 1.
(Gr. Antiq.) A slave who led his master's
children to school, and had the charge of them generally.
2. A teacher of children; one whose occupation is
to teach the young; a schoolmaster.
3. One who by teaching has become formal, positive,
or pedantic in his ways; one who has the manner of a
schoolmaster; a pedant.
Goldsmith.
Ped"a*gogue, v. t. [Cf. L.
paedagogare to instruct.] To play the
pedagogue toward. [Obs.]
Prior.
Ped"a*go`gy (?), n. [Gr. /:
cf. F. p\'82dagogie.] Pedagogics;
pedagogism.
South.
Pe"dal (?), a. [L.
pedalis, fr. pes, pedis, foot.
See Foot, and cf. Pew.] 1.
Of or pertaining to the foot, or to feet, literally or
figuratively; specifically (Zo\'94l.), pertaining to
the foot of a mollusk; as, the pedal
ganglion.
2. (/) Of or pertaining to a pedal;
having pedals.
Pedal curve surface
(Geom.), the curve or surface which is the locus
of the feet of perpendiculars let fall from a fixed point upon
the straight lines tangent to a given curve, or upon the planes
tangent to a given surface. -- Pedal note
(Mus.), the note which is held or sustained
through an organ point. See Organ point, under
Organ. -- Pedal organ (Mus.),
an organ which has pedals or a range of keys moved by the
feet; that portion of a full organ which is played with the
feet.
Pe"dal (?), n. [Cf. F.
p\'82dale, It. pedale. See Pedal,
a.] 1. (Mech.) A lever
or key acted on by the foot, as in the pianoforte to raise the
dampers, or in the organ to open and close certain pipes; a
treadle, as in a lathe or a bicycle.
2. (Geom.) A pedal curve or
surface.
Pe*da"li*an (?), a. Relating to
the foot, or to a metrical foot; pedal. [R.]
Maunder.
Pe*dal"i*ty (?), n. The act of
measuring by paces. [R.]
Ash.
Pe*da"ne*ous (?), a. [L.
pedaneus of the size of a foot.] Going on
foot; pedestrian. [R.]
Ped"ant (?), n. [F.
p\'82dant, It. pedante, fr. Gr. / to
instruct, from pai^s boy. See
Pedagogue.] 1. A schoolmaster; a
pedagogue. [Obs.]
Dryden.
A pedant that keeps a school i'th' church.
Shak.
2. One who puts on an air of learning; one who
makes a vain display of learning; a pretender to superior
knowledge.
Addison.
A scholar, yet surely no pedant, was he.
Goldsmith.
{ Pe*dan"tic (?), Pe*dan"tic*al
(?), } a. Of or pertaining to a
pedant; characteristic of, or resembling, a pedant; ostentatious
of learning; as, a pedantic writer; a
pedantic description; a pedantical
affectation. \'bdFigures pedantical.\'b8
Shak.
Pe*dan"tic*al*ly, adv. In a pedantic
manner.
Pe*dan"tic*ly (?), adv.
Pedantically. [R.]
Ped"ant*ism (?), n. The office,
disposition, or act of a pedant; pedantry.
[Obs.]
Ped"ant*ize (?), v. i. [Cf. F.
p\'82dantiser.] To play the pedant; to use
pedantic expressions. [R.]
Ped`an*toc"ra*cy (?), n.
[Pedant + democracy.] The
sway of pedants. [R.]
J. S. Mill.
Ped"ant*ry (?), n. [Cf. F.
p\'82danterie.] The act, character, or
manners of a pedant; vain ostentation of learning. \'bdThis
pedantry of quotation.\'b8
Cowley.
'T is a practice that savors much of pedantry.
Sir T. Browne.
Ped"ant*y (?), n. An assembly
or clique of pedants. [Obs.]
Milton.
Pe*da"ri*an (?), n. [L.
pedarius, fr. pedarius belonging to the
foot, fr. pes, pedis, foot.]
(Rom. Antiq.) One of a class eligible to the
office of senator, but not yet chosen, who could sit and speak in
the senate, but could not vote; -- so called because he might
indicate his opinion by walking over to the side of the party he
favored when a vote was taken.
Ped"a*ry (?), n.; pl.
Pedaries (#). [L.
pedarius of the foot.] A sandal.
[Obs.]
Latimer.
\'d8Pe*da"ta (?), n. pl. [NL.
See Pedate.] (Zo\'94l.) An order
of holothurians, including those that have ambulacral suckers, or
feet, and an internal gill.
<-- p. 1057 -->
Ped"ate (?), a. [L.
pedatus, p.p. of pedare to furnish with
feet, fr. pes, pedis, a foot.]
(Bot.) Palmate, with the lateral lobes cleft into
two or more segments; -- said of a leaf. --
Ped"ate*ly, adv.
Pe*dat"i*fid (?), a.
[Pedate + root of L. findere to
split.] [Colloq.] Cleft in a pedate
manner, but having the lobes distinctly connected at the base; --
said of a leaf.
Ped"dle (?), v. i. [From
Peddler.] 1. To travel about with
wares for sale; to go from place to place, or from house to
house, for the purpose of retailing goods; as, to
peddle without a license.
2. To do a small business; to be busy about
trifles; to piddle.
Ped"dle, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Peddled (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Peddling (?).] To
sell from place to place; to retail by carrying around from
customer to customer; to hawk; hence, to retail in very small
quantities; as, to peddle vegetables or
tinware.
Ped"dler (?), n. [OE.
pedlere, pedlare, also peddare,
peoddare, fr. OE. ped a basket, of unknown
origin.] One who peddles; a traveling trader; one who
travels about, retailing small wares; a hawker.
[Written also pedlar and
pedler.] \'bdSome vagabond huckster or
peddler.\'b8
Hakluyt.
Ped"dler*y (?), n. [Written
also pedlary and pedlery.]
1. The trade, or the goods, of a peddler; hawking;
small retail business, like that of a peddler.
2. Trifling; trickery. [Obs.]
\'bdLook . . . into these their deceitful
peddleries.\'b8
Milton.
Ped"dling, a. 1. Hawking;
acting as a peddler.
2. Petty; insignificant. \'bdThe miserable
remains of a peddling commerce.\'b8
Burke.
Ped"er*ast (?), n. [Gr.
paiderasth`s; pai^s, paido`s, a
boy + 'era^n to love: cf. F.
p\'82d\'82raste.] One guilty of pederasty;
a sodomite.
Ped`er*as"tic (?), a. [Gr.
paiderastiko`s.] Of or pertaining to
pederasty.
Ped"er*as`ty (?), n. [Gr.
paiderasti`a: cf. F.
p\'82d\'82rastie.] The crime against
nature; sodomy.<-- esp. with a boy -->
Ped`e*re"ro (?), n. [Sp.
pedrero, fr. OSp. pedra, Sp.
piedra, a stone, L. petra, fr. Gr. /. So
named because it was at first charged with stones.]
(Mil.) A term formerly applied to a short piece
of chambered ordnance. [Written also
paterero and peterero.]
\'d8Pe*de"sis (?), n. [NL.,
from Gr. / a leaping.] Same as Brownian
movement, under Brownian.
Ped"es*tal (?), n. [Sp.
pedestal; cf. F. pi\'82destal, It.
piedestallo; fr. L. es, pedis,
foot + OHG. stal standing place, station, place, akin
to E. stall. See Foot, and Stall,
and Footstall.] 1. (Arch.)
The base or foot of a column, statue, vase, lamp, or the
like; the part on which an upright work stands. It consists of
three parts, the base, the die or dado, and the cornice or
surbase molding. See Illust. of Column.
Build him a pedestal, and say, \'bdStand
there!\'b8
Cowper.
2. (a) (Railroad Cars) A
casting secured to the frame of a truck and forming a jaw for
holding a journal box. (b) (Mach.)
A pillow block; a low housing. (c)
(Bridge Building) An iron socket, or support, for
the foot of a brace at the end of a truss where it rests on a
pier.
Pedestal coil (steam Heating), a
group of connected straight pipes arranged side by side and one
above another, -- used in a radiator.
Ped"es*taled (?), a. Placed on,
or supported by, a pedestal; figuratively, exalted.
Hawthorne.
Pedestaled haply in a palace court.
Keats.
Pe*des"tri*al (?), a. [L.
pedester, -esteris, fr. pes,
pedis, a foot: cf. F. p\'82destere. See
Pedal.] Of or pertaining to the feet;
employing the foot or feet.
Pe*des"tri*al*ly, adv. In a pedestrial
manner.
Pe*des"tri*an (?), a. Going on
foot; performed on foot; as, a pedestrian
journey.
Pe*des"tri*an, n. A walker; one who
journeys on foot; a foot traveler; specif., a professional walker
or runner.
Pe*des"tri*an*ism (?), n. The
act, art, or practice of a pedestrian; walking or running;
traveling or racing on foot.
Pe*des"tri*an*ize (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Pedestrianized
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Pedestrianizing.] To practice walking;
to travel on foot.
Pe*des"tri*ous (?), a. Going on
foot; not winged. [Obs.]
\'bdPedestrious animals.\'b8
Sir T. Browne.
Ped`e*ten"tous (?), a. [L.
pes, pedis, foot + tendere to
stretch out: cf. L. tentim by degrees.]
Proceeding step by step; advancing cautiously.
[R.]
That pedetentous pace and pedetentous
mind in which it behooves the wise and virtuous improver to
walk.
Sydney Smith.
{ Ped"i- (?), Ped"o- (?)
}. [See Foot.] Combining forms
from L. pes, pedis, foot, as
pedipalp, pedireme,
pedometer.
Pe"di*al (?), a. Pertaining to
the foot, or to any organ called a foot; pedal.
Dana.
Ped"i*cel (?), n. [F.
p\'82dicelle. See Pedicle.] 1.
(Bot.) (a) A stalk which supports one
flower or fruit, whether solitary or one of many ultimate
divisions of a common peduncle. See Peduncle, and
Illust. of Flower. (b) A
slender support of any special organ, as that of a capsule in
mosses, an air vesicle in alg\'91, or a sporangium in
ferns.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A slender stem by which
certain of the lower animals or their eggs are attached. See
Illust. of Aphis lion.
3. (Anat.) (a) The ventral part
of each side of the neural arch connecting with the centrum of a
vertebra. (b) An outgrowth of the frontal
bones, which supports the antlers or horns in deer and allied
animals.
Ped"i*celed (?), a.
Pedicellate.
\'d8Ped`i*cel*la"ri*a (?), n.;
pl. Pedicellari\'91 (#). [NL.
See Pedicel.] (Zo\'94l.) A
peculiar forcepslike organ which occurs in large numbers upon
starfishes and echini. Those of starfishes have two movable jaws,
or blades, and are usually nearly, or quite, sessile; those of
echini usually have three jaws and a pedicel. See
Illustration in Appendix.
Ped"i*cel`late (?), a. Having a
pedicel; supported by a pedicel.
\'d8Ped`i*cel*li"na (?), n.
[NL. See Pedicel.] (Zo\'94l.)
A genus of Bryozoa, of the order Entoprocta, having a
bell-shaped body supported on a slender pedicel. See
Illust. under Entoprocta.
Ped"i*cle (?), n. [L.
pediculus a little foot, dim. of pes foot:
cf. F. p\'82dicule. See edal, and cf.
Pedicel.] Same as Pedicel.
Pe*dic"u*lar (?), a. [L.
pedicularis, fr. pediculus a louse: cf. F.
p\'82diculaire.] Of or pertaining to lice;
having the lousy distemper (phthiriasis); lousy.
Southey.
Pe*dic"u*late (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the
Pediculati.
\'d8Pe*dic`u*la"ti (?), n. pl.
[NL. See Pedicle.] (Zo\'94l.)
An order of fishes including the anglers. See
Illust. of Angler and Batfish.
Pe*dic`u*la"tion (?), n.
(Med.) Phthiriasis.
Ped"i*cule (?), n. [See
Pedicle.] A pedicel.
\'d8Pe*dic`u*li"na (?), n. pl.
[NL. See Pediculus.] (Zo\'94l.)
A division of parasitic hemipterous insects, including the
true lice. See Illust. in Appendix.
Pe*dic"u*lous (?), a. [L.
pediculosus.] Pedicular.
\'d8Pe*dic"u*lus (?), n.; pl.
Pediculi (#). [L., a louse.]
(Zo\'94l.) A genus of wingless parasitic
Hemiptera, including the common lice of man. See
Louse.
Ped"i*form (?), a.
[Pedi- + -form.] Shaped
like a foot.
Pe*dig"er*ous (?), a.
[Pedi- + -gerous.]
(Zo\'94l.) Bearing or having feet or legs.
Ped"i*gree (?), n. [Of unknown
origin; possibly fr. F. par degr\'82s by degrees, --
for a pedigree is properly a genealogical table which records the
relationship of families by degrees; or, perh., fr. F.
pied de grue crane's foot, from the shape of the
heraldic genealogical trees.] 1. A line of
ancestors; descent; lineage; genealogy; a register or record of a
line of ancestors.
Alterations of surnames . . . have obscured the truth of our
pedigrees.
Camden.
His vanity labored to contrive us a pedigree.
Milton.
I am no herald to inquire of men's pedigrees.
Sir P. Sidney.
The Jews preserved the pedigrees of their
tribes.
Atterbury.
2. (Stock Breeding) A record of the
lineage or strain of an animal, as of a horse.
Ped"i*lu`vy (?), n.
[Pedi- + L. luere to wash: cf. It. &
Sp. pediluvio, F. p\'82diluve.]
The bathing of the feet, a bath for the feet.
[Obs.]
\'d8Pe*dim"a*na (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. L. pes, pedis, foot +
manus hand.] (Zo\'94l.) A
division of marsupials, including the opossums.
Ped"i*mane (?), n. [Cf. F.
p\'82dimane.] (Zo\'94l.) A
pedimanous marsupial; an opossum.
Pe*dim"a*nous (?), a. [See
Pedimana.] (Zo\'94l.) Having feet
resembling hands, or with the first toe opposable, as the
opossums and monkeys.
Ped"i*ment (?), n. [L.
pes, pedis, a foot. See
Foot.] (Arch.) Originally, in
classical architecture, the triangular space forming the gable of
a simple roof; hence, a similar form used as a decoration over
porticoes, doors, windows, etc.; also, a rounded or broken
frontal having a similar position and use. See
Temple.
Ped`i*men"tal (?), a. Of or
pertaining to a pediment.
Ped"i*palp (?), n. [Cf. F.
p\'82dipalpe.] (Zo\'94l.) One of
the Pedipalpi.
\'d8Ped`i*pal"pi (?), n pl.
[NL. See Pedipalpus.] (Zo\'94l.)
A division of Arachnida, including the whip scorpions
(Thelyphonus) and allied forms. Sometimes used in a
wider sense to include also the true scorpions.
Ped`i*pal"pous (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to, or resembling, the
pedipalps.
Ped`i*pal"pus (?), n.; pl.
Pedipalpi (#). [NL. See
Pes, and Palpus.] (Zo\'94l.)
One of the second pair of mouth organs of arachnids. In some
they are leglike, but in others, as the scorpion, they terminate
in a claw.
Ped"i*reme (?), n.
[Pedi- + L. remus oar.]
(Zo\'94l.) A crustacean, some of whose feet serve
as oars.
{ Ped"lar, Ped"ler } (?),
n. See Peddler.
Pe`do*bap"tism (?), n. [Gr.
/, /, a child + E. baptism.] The
baptism of infants or of small children. [Written
also p\'91dobaptism.]
Pe`do*bap"tist (?), n. One who
advocates or practices infant baptism. [Written also
p\'91dobaptist.]
Ped"o*man`cy (?), n.
[Pedi- + -mancy.]
Divination by examining the soles of the feet.
Pe*dom"e*ter (?), n.
[Pedi-, pedo- + -meter: cf.
F. p\'82dom\'8atre.] (Mech.) An
instrument for including the number of steps in walking, and so
ascertaining the distance passed over. It is usually in the form
of a watch; an oscillating weight by the motion of the body
causes the index to advance a certain distance at each
step.
{ Ped`o*met"ric (?),
Ped`o*met"ric*al (?), } a.
Pertaining to, or measured by, a pedometer.
Ped`o*mo"tive (?), a.
[Pedi-, pedo- +
-motive.] Moved or worked by the action of
the foot or feet on a pedal or treadle.
Pe*dot"ro*phy (?), n. [Gr. /,
fr. /, /, a child + / to nourish: cf. F.
p\'82dotrophie.] The art of nourishing
children properly.
\'d8Pe`dre*gal" (?), n. [Sp., a
stony place, fr. piedra stone.] A lava
field. [Mexico & Western U.S.]
Pe*dun"cle (?), n. [Formed fr.
(assumed) L. pedunculus, dim. of pes,
pedis, a foot: cf. F. p\'82doncule.]
1. (Bot.) The stem or stalk that
supports the flower or fruit of a plant, or a cluster of flowers
or fruits.
pedicels. In the case of a solitary flower, the
stalk would be called a peduncle if the flower is
large, and a pedicel if it is small or
delicate.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A sort of stem by which
certain shells and barnacles are attached to other objects. See
Illust. of Barnacle.
3. (Anat.) A band of nervous or fibrous
matter connecting different parts of the brain; as, the
peduncles of the cerebellum; the peduncles of
the pineal gland.
Pe*dun"cled (?), a. Having a
peduncle; supported on a peduncle; pedunculate.
Pe*dun"cu*lar (?), a. [Cf. F.
p\'82donculaire.] Of or pertaining to a
peduncle; growing from a peduncle; as, a peduncular
tendril.
\'d8Pe*dun`cu*la"ta (?), n. pl.
[NL. See Peduncle.] (Zo\'94l.)
A division of Cirripedia, including the stalked or goose
barnacles.
{ Pe*dun"cu*late (?),
Pe*dun"cu*la`ted (?), } a.
(Biol.) Having a peduncle; growing on a peduncle;
as, a pedunculate flower; a pedunculate
eye, as in a lobster.
Pee (?), n. See 1st
Pea.
Pee, n. (Naut.) Bill of an
anchor. See Peak, 3 (c).
Peece (?), n. & v.
[Obs.] See Piece.
\'d8Pee"chi (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The dauw.
Peek (?), v. i. [OE.
piken: cf. F. piquer to pierce, prick, E.
pique. Cf. Peak.] To look slyly,
or with the eyes half closed, or through a crevice; to
peep. [Colloq.]
Peek"a*boo (?), n. A child's
game; bopeep.
Peel (?), n. [OE.
pel. Cf. Pile a heap.] A small
tower, fort, or castle; a keep. [Scot.]
Peel, n. [F. pelle, L.
pala.] A spadelike implement, variously
used, as for removing loaves of bread from a baker's oven; also,
a T-shaped implement used by printers and bookbinders for hanging
wet sheets of paper on lines or poles to dry. Also, the blade of
an oar.
Peel, v. t. [Confused with
peel to strip, but fr. F. piller to
pillage. See Pill to rob, Pillage.]
To plunder; to pillage; to rob. [Obs.]
But govern ill the nations under yoke,
Peeling their provinces.
Milton.
Peel, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Peeled (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Peeling.] [F. peler to pull
out the hair, to strip, to peel, fr. L. pilare to
deprive of hair, fr. pilus a hair; or perh. partly fr.
F. peler to peel off the skin, perh. fr. L.
pellis skin (cf. Fell skin). Cf.
Peruke.] 1. To strip off the skin,
bark, or rind of; to strip by drawing or tearing off the skin,
bark, husks, etc.; to flay; to decorticate; as, to
peel an orange.
The skillful shepherd peeled me certain wands.
Shak.
2. To strip or tear off; to remove by stripping, as
the skin of an animal, the bark of a tree, etc.
Peel, v. i. To lose the skin, bark, or
rind; to come off, as the skin, bark, or rind does; -- often used
with an adverb; as, the bark peels easily or
readily.
Peel, n. The skin or rind; as, the
peel of an orange.
Pee"le (?), n. (Zo\'94l.)
A graceful and swift South African antelope (Pelea
capreola). The hair is woolly, and ash-gray on the back and
sides. The horns are black, long, slender, straight, nearly
smooth, and very sharp. Called also rheeboc,
and rehboc.
Peel"er (?), n. One who peels
or strips.
Peel"er, n. [See Peel to
plunder.] A pillager.
Peel"er, n. A nickname for a policeman;
-- so called from Sir Robert Peel. [British
Slang] See Bobby.
Peel"house` (?), n. See 1st
Peel.
Sir W. Scott.
Peen (?), n. [Cf. G.
pinne pane of a hammer.] (a) A
round-edged, or hemispherical, end to the head of a hammer or
sledge, used to stretch or bend metal by indentation.
(b) The sharp-edged end of the head of a mason's
hammer. [Spelt also pane,
pein, and piend.]
Peen, v. t. To draw, bend, or
straighten, as metal, by blows with the peen of a hammer or
sledge.
Peenge (?), v. i. To
complain. [Scot.]
Peep (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Peeped (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Peeping.]
[Of imitative origin; cf. OE. pipen, F.
piper, p\'82pier, L. pipire,
pipare, pipiare, D. & G. piepen.
Senses 2 and 3 perhaps come from a transfer of sense from the
sound which chickens make upon the first breaking of the shell to
the act accompanying it; or perhaps from the influence of
peek, or peak. Cf. Pipe.]
1. To cry, as a chicken hatching or newly hatched;
to chirp; to cheep.
There was none that moved the wing, or opened the mouth, or
peeped.
Is. x. 14.
2. To begin to appear; to look forth from
concealment; to make the first appearance.
When flowers first peeped, and trees did blossoms
bear.
Dryden.
<-- p. 1058 -->
3. To look cautiously or slyly; to peer, as through
a crevice; to pry.
eep through the blanket of the dark.
Shak.
From her cabined loophole peep.
Milton.
Peep sight, an adjustable piece, pierced with
a small hole to peep through in aiming, attached to a rifle or
other firearm near the breech.
Peep (?), n. 1. The
cry of a young chicken; a chirp.
2. First outlook or appearance.
Oft have we seen him at the peep of dawn.
Gray.
3. A sly look; a look as through a crevice, or from
a place of concealment.
To take t' other peep at the stars.
Swift.
4. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Any small
sandpiper, as the least sandpiper (Trigna
minutilla). (b) The European meadow
pipit (Anthus pratensis).
Peep show, a small show, or object exhibited,
which is viewed through an orifice or a magnifying glass. --
Peep-o'-day boys, the Irish insurgents of 1784; --
so called from their visiting the house of the loyal Irish at day
break in search of arms. [Cant]
Peep"er (?), n. 1. A
chicken just breaking the shell; a young bird.
2. One who peeps; a prying person; a spy.
Who's there? peepers, . . . eavesdroppers?
J. Webster.
3. The eye; as, to close the
peepers. [Colloq.]
Peep"hole` (?), n. A hole, or
crevice, through which one may peep without being
discovered.
Peep"ing hole`. See Peephole.
Pee"pul tree` (?). [Hind.
p\'c6pal, Skr. pippala.]
(Bot.) A sacred tree (Ficus religiosa)
of the Buddhists, a kind of fig tree which attains great size and
venerable age. See Bo tree. [Written also
pippul tree, and pipal tree.]
Peer (?), v. i.
[imp. & p.p Peered (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Peering.]
[OF. parir, pareir equiv. to F.
para\'8ctre to appear, L. parere. Cf.
Appear.] 1. To come in sight; to
appear. [Poetic]
So honor peereth in the meanest habit.
Shak.
See how his gorget peers above his gown!
B. Jonson.
2. [Perh. a different word; cf. OE.
piren, LG. piren. Cf. Pry to
peep.] To look narrowly or curiously or intently; to
peep; as, the peering day.
Milton.
Peering in maps for ports, and piers, and
roads.
Shak.
As if through a dungeon grate he peered.
Coleridge.
Peer, n. [OE. per, OF.
per, F. pair, fr. L. par equal.
Cf. Apparel, Pair, Par, n.,
Umpire.] 1. One of the same rank,
quality, endowments, character, etc.; an equal; a match; a
mate.
In song he never had his peer.
Dryden.
Shall they consort only with their peers?
I. Taylor.
2. A comrade; a companion; a fellow; an
associate.
He all his peers in beauty did surpass.
Spenser.
3. A nobleman; a member of one of the five degrees
of the British nobility, namely, duke, marquis, earl, viscount,
baron; as, a peer of the realm.
A noble peer of mickle trust and power.
Milton.
House of Peers, The Peers,
the British House of Lords. See Parliament. --
Spiritual peers, the bishops and archibishops, or
lords spiritual, who sit in the House of Lords.
Peer v. t. To make equal in rank.
[R.]
Heylin.
Peer v. t. To be, or to assume to be,
equal. [R.]
Peer"age (?), n. [See
Peer an equal, and cf. Parage.]
1. The rank or dignity of a peer.
Blackstone.
2. The body of peers; the nobility,
collectively.
When Charlemain with all his peerage fell.
Milton.
Peer"dom (?), n. Peerage; also,
a lordship. [Obs.]
Peer"ess, n. The wife of a peer; a woman
ennobled in her own right, or by right of marriage.
{ Peer"ie, Peer"y } (?),
a. [See 1st Peer, 2.]
Inquisitive; suspicious; sharp. [Prov. Eng. &
Scot.] \'bdTwo peery gray eyes.\'b8
Sir W. Scott.
Peer"less (?), a. Having no
peer or equal; matchless; superlative. \'bdHer
peerless feature.\'b8
Shak.
Unvailed her peerless light.
Milton.
--Peer"less*ly, adv. --
Peer"less*ness, n.
Peert (?), a. Same as
Peart.
Peer"weet (?), n. Same as
Pewit (a & b).
Pee"vish (?), a. [OE.
pevische; of uncertain origin, perh. from a word
imitative of the noise made by fretful children +
-ish.] 1. Habitually fretful;
easily vexed or fretted; hard to please; apt to complain;
querulous; petulant. \'bdHer peevish babe.\'b8
Wordsworth.
She is peevish, sullen, froward.
Shak.
2. Expressing fretfulness and discontent, or
unjustifiable dissatisfaction; as, a peevish
answer.
3. Silly; childish; trifling.
[Obs.]
To send such peevish tokens to a king.
Shak.
Syn. -- Querulous; petulant; cross; ill-tempered; testy;
captious; discontented. See Fretful.
Pee"vish*ly, adv. In a peevish
manner.
Shak.
Pee"vish*ness, n. The quality of being
peevish; disposition to murmur; sourness of temper.
Syn. -- See Petulance.
{ Pee"vit (?), Pee"wit
(?), } n. (Zo\'94l.)
See Pewit.
Peg (?), n. [OE.
pegge; cf. Sw. pigg, Dan. pig a
point, prickle, and E. peak.] 1. A
small, pointed piece of wood, used in fastening boards together,
in attaching the soles of boots or shoes, etc.; as, a shoe
peg.
2. A wooden pin, or nail, on which to hang things,
as coats, etc. Hence, colloquially and figuratively: A support; a
reason; a pretext; as, a peg to hang a claim
upon.
3. One of the pins of a musical instrument, on
which the strings are strained.
Shak.
4. One of the pins used for marking points on a
cribbage board.
5. A step; a degree; esp. in the slang phrase
\'bdTo take one down peg.\'b8
To screw papal authority to the highest peg.
Barrow.
And took your grandess down a peg.
Hudibras.
Peg ladder, a ladder with but one standard,
into which cross pieces are inserted. -- Peg
tankard, an ancient tankard marked with pegs, so as
divide the liquor into equal portions. \'bdDrink down to
your peg.\'b8 Longfellow. -- Peg
tooth. See Fleam tooth under
Fleam. -- Peg top, a boy's top which
is spun by throwing it. -- Screw peg, a small
screw without a head, for fastening soles.
Peg (?), v. t. [imp.
& p. p. Pegged (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Pegging (?).] 1.
To put pegs into; to fasten the parts of with pegs; as,
to peg shoes; to confine with pegs; to restrict or
limit closely.
I will rend an oak
And peg thee in his knotty entrails.
Shak.
2. (Cribbage) To score with a peg, as
points in the game; as, she pegged twelwe
points. [Colloq.]
Peg, v. i. To work diligently, as one
who pegs shoes; -- usually with on, at, or
away; as, to peg away at a
task.
\'d8Pe`ga*dor" (?), n. [Sp., a
sticker.] (Zo\'94l.) A species of remora
(Echeneis naucrates). See Remora.
Pe*ga"se*an (?), a. Of or
pertaining to Pegasus, or, figuratively, to poetry.
Peg"a*soid (?), a.
[Pegasus + -oid.]
(Zo\'94l.) Like or pertaining to Pegasus.
Peg"a*sus (?), n. [L., fr. Gr.
/.] 1. (Gr. Myth.) A winged
horse fabled to have sprung from the body of Medusa when she was
slain. He is noted for causing, with a blow of his hoof,
Hippocrene, the inspiring fountain of the Muses, to spring from
Mount Helicon. On this account he is, in modern times, associated
with the Muses, and with ideas of poetic inspiration.
Each spurs his jaded Pegasus apace.
Byron.
2. (Astron.) A northen constellation
near the vernal equinoctial point. Its three brightest stars,
with the brightest star of Andromeda, form the square of
Pegasus.
3. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of small fishes,
having large pectoral fins, and the body covered with hard, bony
plates. Several species are known from the East Indies and
China.
Peg"ger (?), n. One who fastens
with pegs.
Peg"ging (?), n. The act or
process of fastening with pegs.
Pegm (?), n. [L.
pegma a movable stage, Gr. /, orig., a
framework.] A sort of moving machine employed in the
old pageants. [Obs.]
B. Jonson.
Peg"ma*tite (?), n. [From Gr.
/ something fastened together, in allusion to the quartz and
feldspar in graphic granite: cf. F. pegmatite. See
Pegm.] (Min.) (a) Graphic
granite. See under Granite. (b) More
generally, a coarse granite occurring as vein material in other
rocks.
Peg`ma*tit"ic (?), a.
(Min.) Of, pertaining to, or resembling,
pegmatite; as, the pegmatic structure of certain
rocks resembling graphic granite.
Peg"ta*toid (?), a.
[Pegmatite + -oid.]
(Min.) Resembling pegmatite; pegmatic.
Peg"o*man`cy (?), n. [Gr. /
fountain + -macy.] Divination by
fountains. [R.]
Peg"roots` (?), n. Same as
Setterwort.
Peh"le*vi` (?), n. [Parsee
Pahlavi.] An ancient Persian dialect in
which words were partly represented by their Semitic equivalents.
It was in use from the 3d century (and perhaps earlier) to the
middle of the 7th century, and later in religious writings.
[Written also Pahlavi.]
Pein (?), n. See
Peen.
Pei*ram"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. /
a trail + -meter.] A dynamometer for
measuring the force required to draw wheel carriages on roads of
different constructions.
G. Francis.
Pei*ras"tic (?), a. [Gr. /,
fr. / to try, fr. / a trail.] Fitted for trail or
test; experimental; tentative; treating of attempts.
Peise (?), n. [See
Poise.] A weight; a poise.
[Obs.] \'bdTo weigh pence with a
peise.\'b8
Piers Plowman.
Peise, v. t. To poise or weight.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Lest leaden slumber peise me down.
Shak.
Pei"trel (?), n. (Anc.
Armor) See Peytrel.
Pe*jor"a*tive (?), a. [F.
p\'82joratif, fr. L. pejor, used as compar.
of malus evil.] Implying or imputing evil;
depreciatory; disparaging; unfavorable.
Pek"an (?), n. [F.
pekan.] (Zo\'94l.) See
Fisher, 2.
Pek"oe (?), n. [Chin.
pih-hoau: cf. F. peko\'89] A
kind of black tea. [Written also
pecco.]
Pe"la (?), n. (Zo\'94l.)
See Wax insect, under Wax.
Pel"age (?), n. [F.
pelage, fr. L. pilus hair.]
(Zo\'94l.) The covering, or coat, of a mammal,
whether of wool, fur, or hair.
Pe*la"gi*an (?), a. [L.
pelagius, Gr. /, fr. / the sea: cf. F.
p\'82lagien.] Of or pertaining to the sea;
marine; pelagic; as, pelagian shells.
Pe*la"gi*an, n. [L.
Pelagianus: cf. F. p\'82lagien.]
(Eccl. Hist.) A follower of Pelagius,
a British monk, born in the later part of the 4th century, who
denied the doctrines of hereditary sin, of the connection between
sin and death, and of conversion through grace.
Pe*la"gi*an, a. [Cf. F.
p\'82lagien.] Of or pertaining to Pelagius,
or to his doctrines.
Pe*la"gi*an*ism (?), n. [Cf. F.
p\'82lagianisme.] The doctrines of
Pelagius.
Pe*lag"ic (?), a. [L.
pelagicus.] Of or pertaining to the ocean;
-- applied especially to animals that live at the surface of the
ocean, away from the coast.
Pel`ar*gon"ic (?), a.
(Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an organic
acid (called also nonoic acid) found in the leaves of
the geranium (Pelargonium) and allied plants.
\'d8Pel`ar*go"ni*um (?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. / a stork.] (Bot.) A
large genus of plants of the order Geraniace\'91,
differing from Geranium in having a spurred calyx and an
irregular corolla.
Geranium.
{ Pe*las"gi*an (?), Pe*las"gic
(?), } a. [L. Pelasgus,
Gr. / a Pelasgian.] 1. Of or pertaining to
the Pelasgians, an ancient people of Greece, of roving
habits.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Wandering.
Pel"e*can (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) See Pelican.
\'d8Pel`e*can`i*for"mes (?), n. pl.
[NL. See Pelican, and -form.]
(Zo\'94l.) Those birds that are related to the
pelican; the Totipalmi.
Pel"e*coid (?), n. [Gr. / a
hatchet + -oid.] (Geom.) A
figure, somewhat hatched-shaped, bounded by a semicircle and two
inverted quadrants, and equal in area to the square
ABCD inclosed by the chords of the four
quadrants. [Written also
pelicoid.]
Math. Dict.
\'d8Pel`e*cyp"o*da (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / a hatchet + -poda.]
(Zo\'94l.) Same as
Lamellibranchia.
Pel"e*grine (?), a. See
Peregrine. [Obs.]
Pel"er*ine (?), n. [F.
p\'8alerine a tippet, fr. p\'8alerin a
pilgrim, fr. L. peregrinus foreign, alien. See
Pilgrim.] A woman's cape; especially, a fur
cape that is longer in front than behind.
Pelf (?), n. [OE.
pelfir booty, OF. pelfre, akin to
pelfrer to plunder, and perh. to E.
pillage. Cf. Pilfer.] Money;
riches; lucre; gain; -- generally conveying the idea of something
ill-gotten or worthless. It has no plural. \'bdMucky
pelf.\'b8 Spenser. \'bdPaltry
pelf.\'b8 Burke.
Can their pelf prosper, not got by valor or
industry?
Fuller.
Pelf"ish, a. Of or pertaining to
pelf.
Stanyhurst.
{ Pel"fray (?), Pel"fry
(?), } n. Pelf; also,
figuratively, rubbish; trash. [Obs.]
Cranmer.
Pel"i*can (?), n. [F.
p\'82lican, L. pelicanus,
pelecanus, Gr. /, /, /, the woodpecker, and also
a water bird of the pelican kind, fr. / to hew with an ax, akin
to Skr. para.] [Written also
pelecan.] 1. (Zo\'94l.)
Any large webfooted bird of the genus of
Pelecanus, of which about a dozen species are known.
They have an enormous bill, to the lower edge of which is
attached a pouch in which captured fishes are temporarily
stored.
Pelecanus
erythrorhynchos) and the brown species (P.
fuscus) are abundant on the Florida coast in winter, but
breed about the lakes in the Rocky Mountains and British
America.
2. (Old Chem.) A retort or still having
a curved tube or tubes leading back from the head to the body for
continuous condensation and redistillation.
Frigate pelican (Zo\'94l.), the
frigate bird. See under Frigate. -- Pelican
fish (Zo\'94l.), deep-sea fish
(Eurypharynx pelecanoides) of the order
Lyomeri, remarkable for the enormous development of
the jaws, which support a large gular pouch. -- Pelican
flower (Bot.), the very large and curiously
shaped blossom of a climbing plant (Aristolochia
grandiflora) of the West Indies; also, the plant
itself. -- Pelican ibis (Zo\'94l.),
a large Asiatic wood ibis (Tantalus
leucocephalus). The head and throat are destitute of
feathers; the plumage is white, with the quills and the tail
greenish black. -- Pelican in her piety (in
heraldry and symbolical art), a representation of a pelican
in the act of wounding her breast in order to nourish her young
with her blood; -- a practice fabulously attributed to the bird,
on account of which it was adopted as a symbol of the Redeemer,
and of charity. -- Pelican's foot
(Zo\'94l.), a marine gastropod shell of the genus
Aporrhais, esp. Aporrhais pes-pelicani of
Europe.
Pel"ick (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The American coot
(Fulica).
Pel"i*coid (?), n. See
Pelecoid.
\'d8Pel`i*co*sau"ri*a (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / a wooden bowl (but taken to mean, pelvis)
+ / a lizard.] (Paleon.) A suborder of
Theromorpha, including terrestrial reptiles from the Permian
formation.
Pe"li*om (?), n. [See
Pelioma.] (Min.) A variety of
iolite, of a smoky blue color; pelioma.
\'d8Pe`li*o"ma (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. /, fr. / livid.] 1. (Med.)
A livid ecchymosis.
2. (Min.) See Peliom.
Pe*lisse" (?), n. [F., fr. L.
pelliceus, pellicius, made of skins, fr.
pellis a skin. Cf. Pelt skin, Pilch,
and see 2d Pell.] An outer garment for men or
women, originally of fur, or lined with fur; a lady's outer
garment, made of silk or other fabric.
Pell (?), v. t. [Cf.
Pelt, v. t.] To pelt; to knock
about. [Obs.]
Holland.
Pell, n. [OF. pel, F.
peau, L. pellis a skin. See Fell a
skin.] 1. A skin or hide; a pelt.
2. A roll of parchment; a parchment record.
Clerk of the pells, formerly, an officer of
the exchequer who entered accounts on certain parchment rolls,
called pell rolls. [Eng.]
Pel"lack (?), n. [Cf. Gael.
Peileag.] (Zo\'94l.) A
porpoise.
Pell"age (?), n. [See 2d
Pell.] A customs duty on skins of
leather.
<-- p. 1059 -->
Pel"la*grin (?), n. One who is
afficted with pellagra.
Chambers's Encyc.
Pel"let (?), n. [F.
pelote, LL. pelota, pilota, fr.
L. pila a ball. Cf. Platoon.]
1. A little ball; as, a pellet of wax
/ paper.
2. A bullet; a ball for firearms.
[Obs.]
Bacon.
As swift as a pellet out of a gun.
Chaucer.
Pellet molding (Arch.), a narrow
band ornamented with smalt, flat disks.
Pel"let, v./. To form into small
balls. [Obs.]
Shak.
Pel"let*ed, a. Made of, or like,
pellets; furnished with pellets. [R.] \'bdThis
pelleted storm.\'b8
Shak.
\'d8Pel`li*bran`chi*a"ta (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. pellis garment + branchia a
gill.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of
Nudibranchiata, in which the mantle itself serves as a
gill.
Pel"li*cle (?), n. [L.
pellicu/a, dim. of pellis skin: cf. F.
pellicule.] 1. A thin skin or
film.
2. (Chem.) A thin film formed on the
surface of an evaporating solution.
Pel*lic"u*lar (?), a. Of or
pertaining to a pellicle.
Henslow.
Pel*li"le (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The redshank; -- so called from its
note. [Prov. Eng.]
Pel"li*to*ry (?), n. [OE.
paritorie, OF. paritoire, F.
pari\'82taire; (cf. It. & Sp. parietaria),
L. parietaria the parietary, or pellitory, the wall
plant, fr. parietarus belonging to the walls, fr.
paries, parietis a wall. Cf.
Parietary.] (Bot.) The common name
of the several species of the genus Parietaria, low,
harmless weeds of the Nettle family; -- also called wall
pellitory, and lichwort.
Parietaria officinalis is common on old
walls in Europe; P.Pennsylvanica is found
in the United States; and six or seven more species are found
near the Mediterranean, or in the Orient.
Pel"li*to*ry, n. [Sp.
pelitre, fr. L. pyrethrum. See
Bertram.] (Bot.) (a) A
composite plant (Anacyclus Pyrethrum) of the
Mediterranean region, having finely divided leaves and whitish
flowers. The root is the officinal pellitory, and is used as an
irritant and sialogogue. Called also bertram,
and pellitory of Spain. (b)
The feverfew (Chrysanthemum Parthenium); -- so
called because it resembles the above.
Pell`-mell" (/), n. See
Pall-mall.
Pell`mell", adv. [F.
p\'88le-m\'88le, prob. fr. pelle a shovel +
m\'88ler to mix, as when different kinds of grain are
heaped up and mixed with a shovel. See Pell shovel,
Medley.] In utter confusion; with confused
violence. \'bdMen, horses, chariots, crowded
pellmell.\'b8
Milton.
Pel*lu"cid (?), a. [L.
pellucidus; per (see Per-) +
lucidus clear, bright: cf. F.
pellucide.] Transparent; clear; limpid;
translucent; not opaque. \'bdPellucid
crystal.\'b8 Dr. H. More. \'bdPellucid
streams.\'b8 Wordsworth.
{ Pel`lu*cid"i*ty (?),
Pel*lu"cid*ness (?), } n.
[L. pelluciditas.] The quality or
state of being pellucid; transparency; translucency; clearness;
as, the pellucidity of the air.
Locke.
Pel*lu"cid*ly, adv. In a pellucid
manner.
\'d8Pel"ma (?), n.; pl.
Pelmata (#). [NL., fr. Gr.
/.] (Zo\'94l.) The under surface of the
foot.<-- = sole? -->
Pe*lo"pi*um (?), n. [NL., fr.
L. Pelops, brother of Niobe, Gr. /.]
(Chem.) A supposed new metal found in columbite,
afterwards shown to be identical with columbium, or
niobium.
Pel`o*pon*ne"sian (?), a. [L.
Peloponnesius, fr. Peloponnesus, Gr. /,
lit., the Island of Pelops; /, /, Pelops + / an
island.] Of or pertaining to the Peloponnesus, or
southern peninsula of Greece. -- n. A
native or an inhabitant of the Peloponnesus.
\'d8Pe*lo"ri*a (?), n. [NL.,
from Gr. / monstrous.] (Bot.) Abnormal
regularity; the state of certain flowers, which, being naturally
irregular, have become regular through a symmetrical repetition
of the special irregularity.
Pe*lo"ric (?), a. (Bot.)
Abnormally regular or symmetrical.
Darwin.
Pel"o*tage (?), n. [F.]
Packs or bales of Spanish wool.
Pelt (?), n. [Cf. G.
pelz a pelt, fur, fr. OF. pelice, F.
pelisse (see Pelisse); or perh. shortened fr.
peltry.] 1. The skin of a beast
with the hair on; a raw or undressed hide; a skin preserved with
the hairy or woolly covering on it. See 4th Fell.
Sir T. Browne.
Raw pelts clapped about them for their clothes.
Fuller.
2. The human skin. [Jocose]
Dryden.
3. (Falconry) The body of any quarry
killed by the hawk.
Pelt rot, a disease affecting the hair or wool
of a beast.
Pelt, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Pelted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Pelting.] [OE. pelten,
pulten, pilten, to thrust, throw, strike;
cf. L. pultare, equiv. to pulsare (v. freq.
fr. pellere to drive), and E. pulse a
beating.] 1. To strike with something thrown
or driven; to assail with pellets or missiles, as, to
pelt with stones; pelted with hail.
The children billows seem to pelt the clouds.
Shak.
2. To throw; to use as a missile.
My Phillis me with pelted apples plies.
Dryden.
Pelt, v. i. 1. To throw
missiles.
Shak.
2. To throw out words. [Obs.]
Another smothered seems to peltand swear.
Shak.
Pelt, n. A blow or stroke from something
thrown.
\'d8Pel"ta (?), n.; pl.
Pelt\'91. [L., a shield, fr. Gr.
/.] 1. (Antiq.) A small shield,
especially one of an approximately elliptic form, or
crescent-shaped.
2. (Bot.) A flat apothecium having no
rim.
{ Pel"tate (?), Pel"ta*ted
(?), } a. [Cf. F.
pelt\'82. See Pelta.]
Shield-shaped; scutiform; (Bot.) having the stem
or support attached to the lower surface, instead of at the base
or margin; -- said of a leaf or other organ. --
Pel"tate*ly (#),
adv.
Pelt"er (?), n. One who
pelts.
Pel"ter (?), n. A pinchpenny; a
mean, sordid person; a miser; a skinflint.
[Obs.] \'bdLet such pelters prate.\'b8
Gascoigne.
Pel"ti*form (?), a.
[Pelta + -form.]
Shieldlike, with the outline nearly circular; peltate.
<-- #! original has "pellate", but should be "peltate" -->
Henslow.
Pel"ting (?), a. Mean;
paltry. [Obs.]
Shak.
Pelt"ry (?), n. [F.
pelleterie peltry, furriery, fr. pelletier
a furrier, fr. OF. pel skin, F. peau, L.
pelis. See Pelt a skin, Pell,
n., Fell a skin.] Pelts or skins,
collectively; skins with the fur on them; furs.
Pelt"ry*ware` (?), n.
Peltry. [Obs.]
\'d8Pe*lu"do (?), n. [Sp.
peludo hairy.] (Zo\'94l.) The
South American hairy armadillo (Dasypus
villosus).
Pe*lu"si*ac (?), a. [L.
Pelusiacus.] Of or pertaining to Pelusium,
an ancient city of Egypt; as, the Pelusiac (or
former eastern) outlet of the Nile.
Pel"vic (?), a. Of, pertaining
to, or in the region of, the pelvis; as, pelvic
cellulitis.
Pelvic arch, Pelvic
girdle (Anat.), the two or more bony
or cartilaginous pieces of the vertebrate skeleton to which the
hind limbs are articulated. When fully ossified, the arch
usually consists of three principal bones on each side, the
ilium, ischium, and pubis, which are often closely united in the
adult, forming the innominate bone. See Innominate
bone, under Innominate.
Pel*vim"e*ter (?), n.
[Pelvis + -meter.: cf. F.
pelvim\'8atre.] An instrument for measuring
the dimensions of the pelvis.
Coxe.
Pel"vis (?), n. [L., a basin,
laver; cf. Gr. /, /, bowl.] 1.
(Anat.) The pelvic arch, or the pelvic arch
together with the sacrum. See Pelvic arch, under
Pelvic, and Sacrum.
2. (Zo\'94l.) The calyx of a
crinoid.
Pelvis of the kidney (Anat.), the
basinlike cavity into which the ureter expands as it joins the
kidney.
Pem"mi*can (?), n. [Written
also pemican.] 1. Among the North
American Indians, meat cut in thin slices, divested of fat, and
dried in the sun.
Then on pemican they feasted.
Longfellow.
2. Meat, without the fat, cut in thin slices, dried
in the sun, pounded, then mixed with melted fat and sometimes
dried fruit, and compressed into cakes or in bags. It contains
much nutriment in small compass, and is of great use in long
voyages of exploration.
\'d8Pem*phi"gus (?), n. [Nl.,
fr. Gr. /, /, a bubble.] (Med.) A
somewhat rare skin disease, characterized by the development of
blebs upon different part of the body.
Quain.
Pen (?), n. [OE.
penne, OF. penne, pene, F.
penne, fr. L. penna.] 1.
A feather. [Obs.]
Spenser.
2. A wing. [Obs.]
Milton.
3. An instrument used for writing with ink,
formerly made of a reed, or of the quill of a goose or other
bird, but now also of other materials, as of steel, gold, etc.
Also, originally, a stylus or other instrument for scratching or
graving.
Graven with an iron pen and lead in the rock.
Job xix. 24.
4. Fig.: A writer, or his style; as, he has a
sharp pen. \'bdThose learned
pens.\'b8
Fuller.
5. (Zo\'94l.) The internal shell of a
squid.
6. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zo\'94l.)
A female swan. [Prov. Eng.]<-- contrast
cob, the male swan -->
Bow pen. See Bow-pen. --
Dotting pen, a pen for drawing dotted lines.
-- Drawing, Ruling,
pen, a pen for ruling lines having a pair
of blades between which the ink is contained. --
Fountain pen, Geometric pen.
See under Fountain, and Geometric. --
Music pen, a pen having five points for drawing
the five lines of the staff. -- Pen and
ink, pen-and-ink, executed or
done with a pen and ink; as, a pen and ink
sketch. -- Pen feather. A pin
feather. [Obs.] -- Pen name. See
under Name. -- Sea pen
(Zo\'94l.), a pennatula. [Usually
written sea-pen.]
Pen, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Penned (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Penning (?).] To write; to
compose and commit to paper; to indite; to compose; as, to
pen a sonnet. \'bdA prayer elaborately
penned.\'b8
Milton.
Pen, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Penned (?) or Pent (/);
p. pr. & vb. n. Penning.]
[OE. pennen, AS. pennan in
on-pennan to unfasten, prob. from the same source as
pin, and orig. meaning, to fasten with a peg.See
Pin, n. & v.] To shut up, as in a
pen or cage; to confine in a small inclosure or narrow space; to
coop up, or shut in; to inclose. \'bdAway with her, and
pen her up.\'b8
Shak.
Watching where shepherds pen their flocks at
eve.
Milton.
Pen, n. [From Pen to shut
in.] A small inclosure; as, a pen for
sheep or for pigs.
My father stole two geese out of a pen.
Shak.
Pe"nal (?), a. [L.
poenalis, fr. poena punishment: cf. F.
p\'82nal. See Pain.] Of or
pertaining to punishment, to penalties, or to crimes and
offenses; pertaining to criminal jurisprudence: as:
(a) Enacting or threatening punishment; as, a
penal statue; the penal code.
(b) Incurring punishment; subject to a penalty;
as, a penalact of offense. (c)
Inflicted as punishment; used as a means of punishment;
as, a penal colony or settlement.
\'bdAdamantine chains and penal fire.\'b8
Milton.
Penal code (Law), a code of laws
concerning crimes and offenses and their punishment. --
Penal laws, Penal statutes
(Law), laws prohibited certain acts, and imposing
penalties for committing them. -- Penal
servitude, imprisonment with hard labor, in a prison,
in lieu of transportation. [Great Brit.] --
Penal suit, Penal action
(Law), a suit for penalties.
Pe*nal"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. LL.
poenalitas. See Penalty.] The
quality or state of being penal; lability to punishment.
Sir T. Browne.
Pe"nal*ize (?), v. t. 1.
To make penal.
2. (Sport.) To put a penalty on. See
Penalty, 3. [Eng.]
Pe"nal*ly (?), adv. In a penal
manner.
Pe"nal*ty (?), n.; pl.
Penalties (#). [F.
p\'82nalit\'82. See Penal.] 1.
Penal retribution; punishment for crime or offense; the
suffering in person or property which is annexed by law or
judicial decision to the commission of a crime, offense, or
trespass.
Death is the penalty imposed.
Milton.
2. The suffering, or the sum to be forfeited, to
which a person subjects himself by covenant or agreement, in case
of nonfulfillment of stipulations; forfeiture; fine.
The penalty and forfeit of my bond.
Shak.
3. A handicap. [Sporting Cant]
penalty is in law mostly applied
to a pecuniary punishment.
Bill of pains and penalties. See under
Bill. -- On, Under, penalty of, on pain of;
with exposure to the penalty of, in case of
transgression.
Pen"ance (?), n. [OF.
penance, peneance, L.
paenitentia repentance. See Penitence.]
1. Repentance. [Obs.]
Wyclif (Luke xv. 7).
2. Pain; sorrow; suffering.
[Obs.] \'bdJoy or penance he feeleth
none.\'b8
Chaucer.
3. (Eccl.) A means of repairing a sin
committed, and obtaining pardon for it, consisting partly in the
performance of expiatory rites, partly in voluntary submission to
a punishment corresponding to the transgression. Penance is the
fourth of seven sacraments in the Roman Catholic Church.
Schaff-Herzog Encyc.
And bitter penance, with an iron whip.
Spenser.
Quoth he, \'bdThe man hath penance done,
And penance more will do.\'b8
Coleridge.
Pen"ance, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Penanced (?).] To
impose penance; to punish. \'bdSome penanced
lady elf.\'b8
Keats.
Pen"ance*less, a. Free from
penance. [R.]
Pe*nang" nut` (?). [From the native
name.] (Bot.) The betel nut.
Balfour (Cyc. of India).
Pen*an"nu*lar (?), a. [L.
pene, paene, almost + E.
annular.] Nearly annular; having nearly the
form of a ring. \'bdPenannular relics.\'b8
D. Wilson.
Pe"na*ry (?), a. Penal.
[Obs.]
Gauden.
\'d8Pe*na"tes (?), n. pl.
[L.] (Rom. Antiq.) The household gods
of the ancient Romans. They presided over the home and the family
hearth. See Lar.
Pen"aunt (?), n. [OF.
penant, peneant. See
Penitent.] A penitent.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Pence (?), n., pl.
of Penny. See Penny.
<-- chiefly Brit. -->
Pen"cel (?), n. [See
Pennoncel.] A small, narrow flag or streamer
borne at the top of a lance; -- called also
pennoncel. [Obs.]
Piers Plowman. Chaucer.
\'d8Pen`chant" (?), n. [F., fr.
pencher to bend, fr. (assumed) LL.
pendicare, L. pendere. See
Pendant.] Inclination; decided taste; bias;
as, a penchant for art.
Pen"chute` (?), n. See
Penstock.
Pen"cil (?), n. [OF.
pincel, F. pinceau, L.
penicillum, penicillus, equiv. to
peniculus, dim. of penis a tail. Cf.
Penicil.] 1. A small, fine brush of
hair or bristles used by painters for laying on colors.
With subtile pencil depainted was this storie.
Chaucer.
2. A slender cylinder or strip of black lead,
colored chalk, slate etc., or such a cylinder or strip inserted
in a small wooden rod intended to be pointed, or in a case, which
forms a handle, -- used for drawing or writing. See
Graphite.
3. Hence, figuratively, an artist's ability or
peculiar manner; also, in general, the act or occupation of the
artist, descriptive writer, etc.
4. (Opt.) An aggregate or collection of
rays of light, especially when diverging from, or converging to,
a point.
5. (Geom.) A number of lines that
intersect in one point, the point of intersection being called
the pencil point.
6. (Med.) A small medicated
bougie.
Pencil case, a holder for pencil lead. --
Pencil flower (Bot.), an American
perennial leguminous herb (Stylosanthes elatior).
-- Pencil lead, a slender rod of black lead, or
the like, adapted for insertion in a holder.
Pen"cil, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Penciled (?) or Pencilled;
p. pr. & vb. n. Penciling or
Pencilling.] To write or mark with a
pencil; to paint or to draw.
Cowper.
Where nature pencils butterflies on flowers.
Harte.
Pen"ciled (?), a. [Written also
pencilled.] 1. Painted, drawn,
sketched, or marked with a pencil.
2. Radiated; having pencils of rays.
3. (Nat. Hist.) Marked with parallel or
radiating lines.
Pen"cil*ing (?), n. [Written
also pencilling.] 1. The work of
the pencil or bruch; as, delicate penciling in a
picture.
2. (Brickwork) Lines of white or black
paint drawn along a mortar joint in a brick wall.
Knight.
{ Pen"cil*late (?),
Pen"cil*la`ted (?), } a.
Shaped like a pencil; penicillate.
Pen"craft (?), n. 1.
Penmanship; skill in writing; chirography.
2. The art of composing or writing;
authorship.
I would not give a groat for that person's knowledge in
pencraft.
S/e/ne.
<-- p. 1060 -->
<-- p. 1060 -->
Pend (?), n. Oil cake;
penock. [India]
Pend, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Pended; p. pr. & vb. n.
Pending.] [L.
pendere.] 1. To hang; to
depend. [R.]
Pending upon certain powerful motions.
I. Taylor.
2. To be undecided, or in process of
adjustment.
Pend, v. t. [Cf. pen to shut
in, or AS. pyndan, E. pound an
inclosure.] To pen; to confine.
[R.]
ended within the limits . . . of Greece.
Udall.
Pend"ant (?), n. [F., orig.
p.pr. of pendre to hang, L. pendere. Cf.
Pendent, Pansy, Pensive,
Poise, Ponder.] 1.
Something which hangs or depends; something suspended; a
hanging appendage, especially one of an ornamental character; as
to a chandelier or an eardrop; also, an appendix or addition, as
to a book.
Some hang upon the pendants of her ear.
Pope.
Many . . . have been pleased with this work and its
pendant, the Tales and Popular Fictions.
Keightley.
2. (Arch.) A hanging ornament on roofs,
ceilings, etc., much used in the later styles of Gothic
architecture, where it is of stone, and an important part of the
construction. There are imitations in plaster and wood, which are
mere decorative features. \'bd[A bridge] with . . .
pendants graven fair.\'b8
Spenser.
3. (Fine Arts) One of a pair; a
counterpart; as, one vase is the pendant to the
other vase.
4. A pendulum. [Obs.]
Sir K. Digby.
5. The stem and ring of a watch, by which it is
suspended. [U.S.]
Knight.
Pendant post (Arch.), a part of the
framing of an open timber roof; a post set close against the
wall, and resting upon a corbel or other solid support, and
supporting the ends of a collar beam or any part of the
roof.
Pend"ence (?), n. [See
Pendent.] Slope; inclination.
[Obs.]
Sir H. Wotton.
Pend"en*cy (?), n. 1.
The quality or state of being pendent or suspended.
2. The quality or state of being undecided, or in
continuance; suspense; as, the pendency of a
suit.
Ayliffe.
Pend"ent (?), a. [L.
pendens, -entis, p.pr. of
pendere to hang, to be suspended. Cf.
Pendant.] 1. Supported from above;
suspended; depending; pendulous; hanging; as, a
pendent leaf. \'bdThe pendent
world.\'b8
Shak.
Often their tresses, when shaken, with pendent
icicles tinkle.
Longfellow.
2. Jutting over; projecting; overhanging.
\'bdA vapor sometime like a . . . pendent rock.\'b8
Shak.
Pen*den"tive (?), n. [F.
pendentif, fr. L. pendere to hang.]
(Arch.) (a) The portion of a vault by
means of which the square space in the middle of a building is
brought to an octagon or circle to receive a cupola.
(b) The part of a groined vault which is supported
by, and springs from, one pier or corbel.
Pend"ent*ly, adv. In a pendent
manner.
Pen"dice (?), n. [Cf.
Pentice.] A sloping roof; a lean-to; a
penthouse. [Obs.]
Fairfax.
Pen"di*cle (?), n. [Cf.
Appendicle.] An appendage; something
dependent on another; an appurtenance; a pendant.
Sir W. Scott.
Pen*di*cler (?), n. An inferior
tenant; one who rents a pendicle or croft.
[Scot.]
Jamieson.
Pend"ing (?), a. [L.
pendere to hang, to be suspended. Cf.
Pendent.] Not yet decided; in continuance; in
suspense; as, a pending suit.
Pend"ing, prep. During; as,
pending the trail.
Pen"drag*on (?), n. A chief
leader or a king; a head; a dictator; -- a title assumed by the
ancient British chiefs when called to lead other chiefs.
The dread Pendragon, Britain's king of kings.
Tennyson.
Pen"du*lar (?), a.
Pendulous.
Pen"du*late (?), v. i. To swing
as a pendulum. [R.]
Pen"dule (?), n. [F.]
A pendulum. [R.]
Evelyn.
\'d8Pen"du`line (?), n. [F. See
Pendulum.] (Zo\'94l.) A European
titmouse (Parus, ). It is
noted for its elegant pendulous purselike nest, made of the down
of willow trees and lined with feathers.
Pen`du*los"i*ty (?), n. [See
Pendulous.] The state or quality of being
pendulous.
Sir T. Browne.
Pen"du*lous (?), a. [L.
pendulus, fr. pendere to hang. Cf.
Pendant, and cf. Pendulum.] 1.
Depending; pendent loosely; hanging; swinging.
Shak. \'bdThe pendulous round earth.
Milton.
2. Wavering; unstable; doubtful.
[R.] \'bdA pendulous state of mind.\'b8
Atterbury.
3. (Bot.) Inclined or hanging downwards,
as a flower on a recurved stalk, or an ovule which hangs from the
upper part of the ovary.
Pen"du*lous*ly, adv. In a pendulous
manner.
Pen"du*lous*ness, n. The quality or
state of being pendulous; the state of hanging loosely;
pendulosity.
Pen"du*lum (?), n.; pl.
Pendulums (#). [NL., fr. L.
pendulus hanging, swinging. See
Pendulous.] A body so suspended from a fixed
point as to swing freely to and fro by the alternate action of
gravity and momentum. It is used to regulate the movements of
clockwork and other machinery.
Ballistic pendulum. See under
Ballistic. -- Compensation pendulum,
a clock pendulum in which the effect of changes of
temperature of the length of the rod is so counteracted, usually
by the opposite expansion of differene metals, that the distance
of the center of oscillation from the center of suspension
remains invariable; as, the mercurial compensation
pendulum, in which the expansion of the rod is compensated
by the opposite expansion of mercury in a jar constituting the
bob; the gridiron pendulum, in which compensation is
effected by the opposite expansion of sets of rodsof different
metals. -- Compound pendulum, an ordinary
pendulum; -- so called, as being made up of different parts, and
contrasted with simple pendulum. --
Conical Revolving,
pendulum, a weight connected by a rod with
a fixed point; and revolving in a horizontal cyrcle about the
vertical from that point. -- Pendulum bob,
the weight at the lower end of a pendulum. --
Pendulum level, a plumb level. See under
Level. -- Pendulum wheel, the
balance of a watch. -- Simple Theoretical, pendulum, an
imaginary pendulum having no dimensions except length, and no
weight except at the center of oscillation; in other words, a
material point suspended by an ideal line.
\'d8Pe*nel"o*pe (?), n. [From.
L. Penelope, the wife of Ulysses, the hero of the
Odyssey, Gr. /.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of
curassows, including the guans.
Pen`e*tra*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf.
F. p\'82n\'82trabilit\'82.] The quality of
being penetrable; susceptibility of being penetrated, entered, or
pierced.
Cheyne.
Pen"e*tra*ble (?), a. [L.
penetrabilus: cf. F.
p\'82n\'82trable.] Capable of being
penetrated, entered, or pierced. Used also figuratively.
And pierce his only penetrable part.
Dryden.
I am not made of stones,
But penetrable to your kind entreats.
Shak.
-- Pen"e*tra*ble*ness, n. --
Pen"e*tra*bly, adv.
Pen"e*trail (?), n.
Penetralia. [Obs.]
Harvey.
\'d8Pen`e*tra"li*a (?), n. pl.
[L., fr. penetralis penetrating, internal. See
Penetrate.] 1. The recesses, or
innermost parts, of any thing or place, especially of a temple or
palace.
2. Hidden things or secrets; privacy; sanctuary;
as, the sacred penetralia of the home.
{ Pen"e*trance (?), Pen"e*tran*cy
(?), } n. The quality or state of
being penetrant; power of entering or piercing; penetrating power
of quality; as, the penetrancy of subtile
effluvia.
Pen"e*trant (?), a. [L.
penetrans, p.pr. of penetrare: cf. F.
p\'82n\'82trant.] Having power to enter or
pierce; penetrating; sharp; subtile; as, penetrant
cold. \'bdPenetrant and powerful
arguments.\'b8
Boyle.
Pen"e*trate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Penetrated
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Penetrating.] [L.
penetratus, p.p. of penetrare to penetrate;
akin to penitus inward, inwardly, and perh. to
pens with, in the power of, penus store of
food, innermost part of a temple.] 1. To
enter into; to make way into the interior of; to effect an
entrance into; to pierce; as, light penetrates
darkness.
2. To affect profoundly through the senses or
feelings; to touch with feeling; to make sensible; to move
deeply; as, to penetrate one's heart with
pity.
Shak.
The translator of Homer should penetrate himself
with a sense of the plainness and directness of Homer's
style.
M. Arnold.
3. To pierce into by the mind; to arrive at the
inner contents or meaning of, as of a mysterious or difficult
subject; to comprehend; to understand.
Things which here were too subtile for us to
penetrate.
Ray.
Pen"e*trate, v. i. To pass; to make way;
to pierce. Also used figuratively.
Preparing to penetrate to the north and west.
J. R. Green.
Born where Heaven's influence scarce can
penetrate.
Pope.
The sweet of life that penetrates so near.
Daniel.
Pen"e*tra`ting (?), a. 1.
Having the power of entering, piercing, or pervading; sharp;
subtile; penetrative; as, a penetrating
odor.
2. Acute; discerning; sagacious; quick to discover;
as, a penetrating mind.
Pen"e*tra`ting*ly, adv. In a penetrating
manner.
Pen"e*tra`tion (?), n. [L.
penetratio: cf. F.
p\'82n\'82tration.] 1. The act or
process of penetrating, piercing, or entering; also, the act of
mentally penetrating into, or comprehending, anything
difficult.
And to each in ward part,
With gentle penetration, though unseen,
Shoots invisible virtue even to the deep.
Milton.
A penetration into the difficulties of algebra.
Watts.
2. Acuteness; insight; sharp discoverment;
sagacity; as, a person of singular
penetration.
Walpole.
Syn. -- Discernment; sagacity; acuteness; sharpness;
discrimination. See Discernment, and
Sagacity.
Pen"e*tra*tive (?), a. [Cf. F.
p\'82n\'82tratif.] 1. Tending to
penetrate; of a penetrating quality; piercing; as, the
penetrative sun.
His look became keen and penetrative.
Hawthorne.
2. Having the power to affect or impress the mind
or heart; impressive; as, penetrative
shame.
Shak.
3. Acute; discerning; sagacious; as,
penetrative wisdom. \'bdThe
penetrative eye.\'b8
Wordsworth.
Led on by skill of penetrative soul.
Grainger.
Pen"e*tra*tive*ness, n. The quality of
being penetrative.
Pen"fish` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A squid.
Pen"fold` (?), n. See
Pinfold.
Pen"go*lin (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.)The pangolin.
Pen"guin (?), n. [Perh. orig.
the name of another bird, and fr. W. pen head +
gwyn white; or perh. from a native South American
name.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) Any bird of
the order Impennes, or Ptilopteri. They are covered with short,
thick feathers, almost scalelike on the wings, which are without
true quills. They are unable to fly, but use their wings to aid
in diving, in which they are very expert. See King
penguin, under Jackass.
Aptenodytes
Patachonica, and A. longirostris) are the
largest; the jackass penguins (Spheniscus) and the
rock hoppers (Catarractes) congregate in large numbers
at their breeding grounds.
2. (Bot.) The egg-shaped fleshy fruit of
a West Indian plant (Bromelia Pinguin) of the
Pineapple family; also, the plant itself, which has rigid,
pointed, and spiny-toothed leaves, and is used for hedges.
[Written also pinguin.]
Arctic penguin (Zo\'94l.), the
great auk. See Auk.
Pen"guin*er*y (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A breeding place, or rookery, of
penguins.
Pen"hold`er (?), n. A handle
for a pen.
Pen"house` (?), n. A
penthouse. [Obs.]
Pen*i"ble (?), a. [OF.
penible. Cf. Painable.]
Painstaking; assidous. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Pen"i*cil (?), n. [L.
penicillum, penicillus, a painter's brush,
a roil of lint, a tent for wounds.] (mented.)
A tent or pledget for wounds or ulcers.
Pen`i*cil"late (?), a. [Cf. F.
p\'82nicill\'82. See Penicil.]
(Biol.) Having the form of a pencil; furnished
with a pencil of fine hairs; ending in a tuft of hairs like a
camel's-hair brush, as the stigmas of some grasses.
Pen`i*cil"li*form (?), a.
(Bot.) Penicillate.
Pen*in"su*la (?), n. [L.
peninsula or paeninsula; paene
almost + insula an island. See Isle.]
A portion of land nearly surrounded by water, and connected
with a larger body by a neck, or isthmus.
Pen*in"su*lar (?), a. [Cf. F.
p\'82ninsulaire.] Of or pertaining to a
peninsula; as, a peninsular form;
peninsular people; the peninsular
war.
Pen*in"su*late (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Peninsulated
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Peninsulating.] To form into a
peninsula.
South River . . . peninsulates Castle Hill
farm.
W. Bentley.
Pe"nis (?), n. [L.]
(Anat.) The male member, or organ of
generation.
Pen"i*tence (?), n. [F.
p\'82nitence, L. paenitentia. See
Penitent, and cf. Penance.] The
quality or condition of being penitent; the disposition of a
penitent; sorrow for sins or faults; repentance;
contrition. \'bdPenitence of his old guilt.\'b8
Chaucer.
Death is deferred, and penitenance has room
To mitigate, if not reverse, the doom.
Dryden.
Syn. -- Repentance; contrition; compunction.
Pen"i*ten*cer (?), n. [F.
p\'82nitencier.] A priest who heard
confession and enjoined penance in extraordinary cases.
[Written also penitenser.]
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Pen"i*ten*cy (?), n.
Penitence. [Obs.]
Pen"i*tent (?), a. [F.
p\'82nitent, L. paenitens,
-entis, poenitens, p.pr. of
paenitere, poenitere, to cause to repent,
to repent; prob. akin to poena punishment. See
Pain.] 1. Feeling pain or sorrow on
account of sins or offenses; repentant; contrite; sincerely
affected by a sense of guilt, and resolved on amendment of
life.
Be penitent, and for thy fault contrite.
Milton.
The pound he tamed, the penitent he cheered.
Dryden.
2. Doing penance. [Obs.]
Shak.
Pen"i*tent, n. 1. One who
repents of sin; one sorrowful on account of his
transgressions.
2. One under church censure, but admitted to
penance; one undergoing penance.
3. One under the direction of a confessor.
Penitents is an appellation given to
certain fraternities in Roman Catholic countries, distinguished
by their habit, and employed in charitable acts.
Pen`i*ten"tial (?), a. [Cf. F.
p\'82nitentiel.] Of or pertaining to
penitence, or to penance; expressing penitence; of the nature of
penance; as, the penitential book;
penitential tears. \'bdPenitential
stripes.\'b8
Cowper.
Guilt that all the penitential fires of hereafter
can not cleanse.
Sir W. Scott.
Pen`i*ten"tial, n. (R. C. Ch.)
A book formerly used by priests hearing confessions,
containing rules for the imposition of penances; -- called also
penitential book.
Pen`i*ten"tial*ly, adv. In a penitential
manner.
Pen`i*ten"tia*ry (?), a. [Cf.
F. p\'82nitentiaire.] 1. Relating
to penance, or to the rules and measures of penance. \'bdA
penitentiary tax.\'b8
Abp. Bramhall.
2. Expressive of penitence; as, a
penitentiary letter.
3. Used for punishment, discipline, and
reformation. \'bdPenitentiary houses.\'b8
Blackstone.
Pen`i*ten"tia*ry, n.; pl.
Penitentiaries (#). [Cf. F.
p\'82nitencier. See Penitent.]
1. One who prescribes the rules and measures of
penance. [Obs.]
Bacon.
2. One who does penance. [Obs.]
Hammond.
3. A small building in a monastery where penitents
confessed.
Shpiley.
4. That part of a church to which penitents were
admitted.
Shipley.
5. (R. C. Ch.) (a) An office of
the papal court which examines cases of conscience, confession,
absolution from vows, etc., and delivers decisions,
dispensations, etc. Its chief is a cardinal, called the
Grand Penitentiary, appointed by the pope.
(b) An officer in some dioceses since A.
D. 1215, vested with power from the bishop to absolve in
cases reserved to him.
6. A house of correction, in which offenders are
confined for punishment, discipline, and reformation, and in
which they are generally compelled to labor.
Pen`i*ten"tia*ry*ship, n. The office or
condition of a penitentiary of the papal court.
[R.]
Wood.
Pen"i*tent*ly, adv. In a penitent
manner.
<-- p. 1061 -->
Penk (?), n. A minnow. See
Pink, n., 4. [Prov. Eng.]
Walton.
Pen"knife` (?), n.; pl.
Penknives (#). [Pen +
knife.] A small pocketknife; formerly, a
knife used for making and mending quill pens.
Pen"man (?), n.; pl.
Penmen (/). 1. One who
uses the pen; a writer; esp., one skilled in the use of the pen;
a calligrapher; a writing master.
2. An author; a composer.
South.
Pen"man*ship, n. The use of the pen in
writing; the art of writing; style or manner of writing;
chirography; as, good or bad penmanship.
\'d8Pen"na (?), n.; pl.
Penn\'91 (#). [L.]
(Zo\'94l.) A perfect, or normal, feather.
Pen"na"ceous (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Like or pertaining to a normal
feather.
Pen"nach (?), n. [OF.
pennache. See Panache.] A bunch of
feathers; a plume. [Obs.]
Holland.
Pen"nached (?), a. [Cf. OF.
pennach\'82. See Panache.]
Variegated; striped. [Obs.]
Evelyn.
Pen"nage (?), n. [L.
penna feather.] Feathery covering;
plumage. [Obs.]
Holland.
Pen"nant (?), n. [OE.
penon, penoun, pynoun, OF.
penon, F. pennon, fr. L. penna
feather. See Pen a feather, and cf. Pennon,
Pinion.] (Naut.) (a) A
small flag; a pennon. The narrow, (called also whip or coach
whip) is a long, narrow piece of bunting, carried at the
masthead of a government vessel in commission. The board
pennant is an oblong, nearly square flag, carried at the
masthead of a commodore's vessel. \'bdWith flags and
pennants trimmed.\'b8 Drayton. (b)
A rope or strap to which a purchase is hooked.
{ Pen"nate (?), Pen"na*ted
(?), } a. [L. pennatus
feathered, winged, from penna feather, wing.]
1. Winged; plume-shaped.
2. (Bot.) Same as
Pinnate.
\'d8Pen*nat"u*la (?), n.; pl.
L. Pennatul\'91 (#), E. Pennatulas
(#). [NL., fr. L. penna a
feather.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous
species of Pennatula, Pteroides, and allied
genera of Alcyonaria, having a featherlike form; a sea-pen. The
zooids are situated along one edge of the side branches.
\'d8Pen*nat`u*la"ce*a (?), n. pl.
[NL. See Pennatula.] (Zo\'94l.)
A division of alcyonoid corals, including the seapens and
related kinds. They are able to move about by means of the hollow
muscular peduncle, which also serves to support them upright in
the mud. See Pennatula, and Illust. under
Alcyonaria.
Penned (?), a. 1.
Winged; having plumes. [Obs.]
2. Written with a pen; composed. \'bdTheir
penned speech.\'b8
Shak.
Pen"ner (?), n. 1. One
who pens; a writer.
Sir T. North.
2. A case for holding pens.
[Obs.]
Pen"ni*form (?), a. [L.
penna feather + -form: cf. F.
penniforme.] Having the form of a feather
or plume.
Pen*nig"er*ous (?), a. [L.
penniger; penna feather + gerere
to bear.] (Zo\'94l.) Bearing feathers or
quills.
Pen"ni*less (?), a. [From
Penny.] Destitute of money; impecunious;
poor. -- Pen"ni*less*ness,
n.
Pen"ni*nerved` (?), a. [L.
penna feather + E. nerve.]
Pinnately veined or nerved.
Pen*nip"o*tent (?), a. [L.
pennipotens; penna wing + potens
strong.] Strong of wing; strong on the wing.
[Poetic]
Davies (Holy Roode).
Pen"non (?), n. [Cf.
Pinion.] A wing; a pinion.
Milton.
Pen"non, n. [See
Pennant.] A pennant; a flag or
streamer.
Longfellow.
{ Pen"non*cel`, Pen"non*celle`
(?) }, n. [OF.
penoncel. See Pennant.] See
Pencel.
Pen"ny (?), a. [Perh. a
corruption of pun, for pound.]
Denoting pound weight for one thousand; -- used in
combination, with respect to nails; as, tenpenny
nails, nails of which one thousand weight ten pounds.
Pen*ny, n.; pl. Pennies
(#) or Pence (/).
Pennies denotes the number of coins; pence
the amount of pennies in value. [OE. peni,
AS. penig, pening, pending; akin
to D. penning, OHG. pfenning,
pfenting, G. pfennig, Icel.
penningr; of uncertain origin.] 1.
An English coin, formerly of copper, now of bronze, the
twelfth part of an English shilling in account value, and equal
to four farthings, or about two cents; -- usually indicated by
the abbreviation d. (the initial of
denarius).
denarius of
the Continent . . . [and was] called penny, denarius,
or denier.\'b8 R. S. Poole. The ancient silver
penny was worth about three pence sterling (see
Pennyweight). The old Scotch penny was only
one twelfth the value of the English coin. In the United States
the word penny is popularly used for
cent.
2. Any small sum or coin; a groat; a stiver.
Shak.
3. Money, in general; as, to turn an honest
penny.
What penny hath Rome borne,
What men provided, what munition sent?
Shak.
4. (Script.) See
Denarius.
Penny cress (Bot.), an annual herb
of the Mustard family, having round, flat pods like silver
pennies (Thlaspi arvense). Dr. Prior. --
Penny dog (Zo\'94l.), a kind of shark
found on the South coast of Britain: the tope. -- Penny
father, a penurious person; a niggard.
[Obs.] Robinson (More's Utopia). --
Penny grass (Bot.), pennyroyal.
[R.] -- Penny post, a post
carrying a letter for a penny; also, a mail carrier. --
Penny wise, wise or prudent only in small matters;
saving small sums while losing larger; -- used chiefly in the
phrase, penny wise and pound foolish.
Pen"ny (?), a. Worth or costing
one penny.
Pen"ny-a-lin"er (?), n. One who
furnishes matter to public journals at so much a line; a poor
writer for hire; a hack writer.
Thackeray.
Pen`ny*roy"al (?), n. [A
corruption of OE. puliall royal. OE.
puliall is ultimately derived fr. L.
puleium, or pulegium regium (so called as
being good against fleas), fr. pulex a flea; and
royal is a translation of L. regium, in
puleium regium.] (Bot.) An
aromatic herb (Mentha Pulegium) of Europe; also, a
North American plant (Hedeoma pulegioides) resembling
it in flavor.
Bastard pennyroyal (Bot.) See
Blue curls, under Blue.
Pen"ny*weight` (?), n. A troy
weight containing twenty-four grains, or the twentieth part of an
ounce; as, a pennyweight of gold or of arsenic.
It was anciently the weight of a silver penny, whence the
name.
Pen"ny*wort` (?), n.
(Bot.) A European trailing herb (Linaria
Cymbalaria) with roundish, reniform leaves. It is often
cultivated in hanging baskets.
March, Water,
pennywort. (Bot.) See under
March.
Pen"ny*worth` (?), n. 1.
A penny's worth; as much as may be bought for a penny.
\'bdA dear pennyworth.\'b8
Evelyn.
2. Hence: The full value of one's penny expended;
due return for money laid out; a good bargain; a bargain.
The priests sold the better pennyworths.
Locke.
3. A small quantity; a trifle.
Bacon.
Pen"ock (?), n. See
Pend.
Pen`o*log"ic*al (?), a. Of or
pertaining to penology.
Pe*nol"o*gist (?), n. One
versed in, or a student of, penology.
Pe*nol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. /,
or L. poena, punishment + -logy.]
The science or art of punishment. [Written also
p.]
Pen"rack` (?), n. A rack for
pens not in use.
Pens (?), n., pl. of
Penny. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Pen"sa*tive (?), a.
Pensive. [Obs.]
Shelton.
Pen"sel (?), n. A pencel.
Chaucer.
Pen"si*ble (?), a. Held
aloft. [Obs.]
Bacon.
Pen"sile (?), a. [L.
pensilis, fr. pendere to hang: cf. OE.
pensil. See Pendant.] Hanging;
suspended; pendent; pendulous.
Bacon.
The long, pensile branches of the birches.
W. Howitt.
Pen"sile*ness, n. State or quality of
being pensile; pendulousness.
Pen"sion (?), n. [F., fr. L.
pensio a paying, payment, fr. pendere,
pensum, to weight, to pay; akin to
pend/re to hang. See Pendant, and cf.
Spend.] 1. A payment; a tribute;
something paid or given. [Obs.]
The stomach's pension, and the time's expense.
Sylvester.
2. A stated allowance to a person in consideration
of past services; payment made to one retired from service, on
account of age, disability, or other cause; especially, a regular
stipend paid by a government to retired public officers, disabled
soldiers, the families of soldiers killed in service, or to
meritorious authors, or the like.
To all that kept the city pensions and wages.
1 Esd. iv. 56.
3. A certain sum of money paid to a clergyman in
lieu of tithes. [Eng.]
Mozley & W.
4. [F., pronounced /.] A
boarding house or boarding school in France, Belgium,
Switzerland, etc.
Pen"sion, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Pensioned (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Pensioning.] To grant a
pension to; to pay a regular stipend to; in consideration of
service already performed; -- sometimes followed by
off; as, to pension off a
servant.
One knighted Blackmore, and one pensioned
Quarles.
Pope.
Pen"sion*a*ry (?), a. 1.
Maintained by a pension; receiving a pension; as,
pensionary spies.
Donne.
2. Consisting of a pension; as, a
pensionary provision for maintenance.
Pen"sion*a*ry (?), n.; pl.
Pensionaries (#). [Cf. F.
pensionnaire. Cf. Pensioner.]
1. One who receives a pension; a pensioner.
E. Hall.
2. One of the chief magistrates of towns in
Holland.
Grand pensionary, the title of the prime
minister, or or president of the Council, of Holland when a
republic.
Pen"sion*er (?), n. 1.
One in receipt of a pension; hence, figuratively, a
dependent.
The fickle pensioners of Morpheus' train.
Milton.
Old pensioners . . . of Chelsea Hospital.
Macaulay.
2. One of an honorable band of gentlemen who attend
the sovereign of England on state occasions, and receive an
annual pension, or allowance, of \'9c150 and two horses.
3. [Cf. F. pensionnaire one who pays for
his board. Cf. Pensionary, n.] In
the university of Cambridge, England, one who pays for his living
in commons; -- corresponding to commoner at
Oxford.
Ld. Lytton.
Pen"sive (?), a. [F.
pensif, fr. penser to think, fr. L.
pensare to weigh, ponder, consider, v. intens. fr.
pendere to weigh. See Pension,
Poise.] 1. Thoughtful, sober, or
sad; employed in serious reflection; given to, or favorable to,
earnest or melancholy musing.
The pensive secrecy of desert cell.
Milton.
Anxious cares the pensive nymph oppressed.
Pope.
2. Expressing or suggesting thoughtfulness with
sadness; as, pensive numbers.
Prior.
Pen"sived (?), a. Made
pensive. [R.]
Shak.
Pen"sive*ly (?), adv. In a
pensive manner.
Pen"sive*ness, n. The state of being
pensive; serious thoughtfulness; seriousness.
Hooker.
Pen"stock (?), n. [Etymol.
uncertain; perh. fr. pen an inclosure +
stock.] 1. A close conduit or pipe
for conducting water, as, to a water wheel, or for emptying a
pond, or for domestic uses.
2. The barrel of a wooden pump.
Pent (?), p. p. [From
Pen, v. t.] Penned or shut up;
confined; -- often with up.
Here in the body pent.
J. Montgomery.
No pent-up Utica contracts your powers.
J. M. Sewall.
Pen"ta- (?). [Gr. /, a later combining
form of / five. See Five.] 1. A
combining form denoting five; as,
pentacapsular; pentagon.
2. (Chem.) Denoting the degree of
five, either as regards quality, property, or
composition; as, pentasulphide; pentoxide,
etc. Also used adjectively.
Pen`ta*ba"sic (?), a.
[Penta- + basic.]
(Chem.) Capable of uniting with five molecules of
a monacid base; having five acid hydrogen atoms capable of
substitution by a basic radical; -- said of certain acids.
Pen`ta*cap"su*lar (?), a.
[Penta- + capsular.]
(Bot.) Having five capsules.
Pen`ta*che"ni*um (?), n. [NL.
See Penta-, and Achenium.]
(Bot.) A dry fruit composed of five carpels,
which are covered by an epigynous calyx and separate at
maturity.
Pen`ta*chlo"ride (?), n.
[Penta- + chloride.]
(Chem.) A chloride having five atoms of chlorine
in each molecule.
Pen"ta*chord (?), n. [L.
pentachordus five-stringed, Gr. /; / five + /
string.] 1. An ancient instrument of music
with five strings.
2. An order or system of five sounds.
Busby.
Pen*tac"id (/) [Penta- +
acid.] (Chem.) Capable of
neutralizing, or combining with, five molecules of a monobasic
acid; having five hydrogen atoms capable of substitution by acid
residues; -- said of certain complex bases.
Pen"ta*cle (?), n. [Gr. /
five.] A figure composed of two equilateral triangles
intersecting so as to form a six-pointed star, -- used in early
ornamental art, and also with superstitious import by the
astrologers and mystics of the Middle Ages.<-- ?? Usually,
it is a five-pointed star, also called a pentagram or pentalpha.
See illustr. under pentalpha. The six-pointed is also called
Solomon's seal; it resembles the star of David (Magen David) [not
listed in the W1913] -->
Pen`ta*coc"cous (?), a. [See
Penta-, Coccus.] (Bot.)
Composed of five united carpels with one seed in each, as
certain fruits.
Pen"ta*con`ter (?), n. (Gr.
Antiq.) See Penteconter.
Pen*tac"ri*nin (?), n.
(Physiol. Chem.) A red and purple pigment found
in certain crinoids of the genus Pentacrinus.
Pen*tac"ri*nite (?), n.
[Penta- + Gr. / a lily.]
(Zo\'94l.) Any species of Pentacrinus.
Pen*tac"ri*noid (?), n.
[Pentacrinus + -oid.]
(Zo\'94l.) An immature comatula when it is still
attached by a stem, and thus resembles a Pentacrinus.
\'d8Pen*tac"ri*nus (?), n. [NL.
See Penta-, and Crinum.]
(Zo\'94l.) A genus of large, stalked crinoids, of
which several species occur in deep water among the West Indies
and elsewhere.
Pen*ta"cron (?), n.; pl. L.
Pentacra (#), E. Pentacrons
(#). [NL., fr. Gr. / five + / a
summit.] (Geom.) A solid having five
summits or angular points.
Pen`ta*cros"tic (?), n.
[Penta- + acrostic.] A set
of verses so disposed that the name forming the subject of the
acrostic occurs five times -- the whole set of verses being
divided into five different parts from top to bottom.
Pen"tad (?), n. [Gr. /, /,
a body of five, fr. / five.] (Chem.) Any
element, atom, or radical, having a valence of five, or which can
be combined with, substituted for, or compared with, five atoms
of hydrogen or other monad; as, nitrogen is a pentad
in the ammonium compounds.
Pen"tad, a. (Chem.) Having
the valence of a pentad.
{ Pen`ta*dac"tyl, Pen`ta*dac"tyle }
(?), a. [Gr. / with five fingers or
toes. See Penta-, and Dactyl.]
1. (Anat.) Having five digits to the
hand or foot.
2. Having five appendages resembling fingers or
toes.
Pen`ta*dac"tyl*oid (?), a.
[Pentadactyl + -oid.]
(Anat.) Having the form of, or a structure
modified from, a pentadactyl limb.
Pen`ta*dec"ane (?), n.
[Penta- + Gr. / ten.] (Chem.)
A hydrocarbon of the paraffin series,
(C15H32) found in petroleum, tar oil, etc., and
obtained as a colorless liquid; -- so called from the
fifteen carbon atoms in the molecule.
Pen`ta*dec`a*to"ic (?), a.
[Penta- + decatoic.]
(Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or derived from,
pentadecane, or designating an acid related to it.
Pen`ta*decyl"ic (?), a.
[Penta- + decylic.]
(Chem.) Same as Quindecylic<-- =
pentadecyl? -->.
Pen`ta*del"phous (?), a.
[Penta- + Gr. / brother.]
(Bot.) Having the stamens arranged in five
clusters, those of each cluster having their filaments more or
less united, as the flowers of the linden.
<-- p. 1062 -->
Pen"ta*fid (?), a.
[Penta- + root of L. findere to
split.] (Bot.) Divided or cleft into five
parts.
Pen"ta*glot (?), n.
[Penta- + -glot, as in
polyglot.] A work in five different
tongues.
Pen"ta*gon (?), n. [Gr. /;
/ (see Penta-) + gwni`a angle: cf. L.
pentagonium, F. pentagone.]
(Geom.) A plane figure having five angles, and,
consequently, five sides; any figure having five angles.
Regular pentagon, a pentagon in which the
angles are all equal, and the sides all equal.
Pen*tag"o*nal (?), a. [Cf. F.
pentagonal, pentagone, L.
pentagonus, pentagonius, Gr. /.]
Having five corners or angles.
Pentagonal dodecahedron. See
Dodecahedron, and Pyritohedron.
Pen*tag"o*nal*ly, adv. In the form of a
pentagon; with five angles.
Sir T. Browne.
Pen*tag"o*nous (?), a.
Pentagonal.
Pen"ta*gram (?), n. [Gr. /,
neut. of / having five lines. See Penta-, and
-gram.] A pentacle or a pentalpha.
\'bdLike a wizard pentagram.\'b8
Tennyson.
{ Pen`ta*graph"ic (?),
Pen`ta*graph"ic*al (?), } a.
[Corrupted fr. pantographic,
-ical.] Pantographic. See
Pantograph.
\'d8Pen`ta*gyn"i*a (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / (see Penta-) + / female.]
(Bot.) A Linn\'91an order of plants, having five
styles or pistils.
{ Pen`ta*gyn"i*an (?),
Pen*tag"y*nous (?), } a.
(Bot.) Of or pertaining to plants of the order
Pentagyna; having five styles.
Pen`ta*he"dral (?), a. Having
five sides; as, a pentahedral figure.
Pen`ta*hed"ric*al (?), a.
Pentahedral. [R.]
Pen`ta*he"dron (?), n.
[Penta- + Gr. "e`dra seat,
base.] A solid figure having five sides.
Pen`ta*he"drous (?), a.
Pentahedral.
Woodward.
Pen"tail` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A peculiar insectivore
(Ptilocercus Lowii) of Borneo; -- so called from its
very long, quill-shaped tail, which is scaly at the base and
plumose at the tip.
\'d8Pen*tal"pha (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. /: cf. F. pentalpha. See Penta-,
and Alpha.] A five-pointed star, resembling
five alphas joined at their bases; -- used as a symbol.
<-- also called pentagram and pentacle? -->
\'d8Pen*tam"e*ra (?), n. pl.
[NL. See Pentamerous.] (Zo\'94l.)
An extensive division of Coleoptera, including those that
normally have five-jointed tarsi. It embraces about half of all
the known species of the Coleoptera.
Pen*tam"er*an (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) One of the Pentamera.
Pen*tam"er*ous (?), a.
[Penta- + Gr. / part.] 1.
(Biol.) Divided into, or consisting of, five
parts; also, arranged in sets, with five parts in each set, as a
flower with five sepals, five petals, five, or twice five,
stamens, and five pistils.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Belonging to the
Pentamera.
\'d8Pen*tam"e*rus (?), n. [NL.
See Pentamerous.] (Paleon.) A
genus of extinct Paleozoic brachiopods, often very abundant in
the Upper Silurian.
Pentamerus limestone (Geol.), a
Silurian limestone composed largely of the shells of
Pentamerus.
Pen*tam"e*ter (?), n. [L., fr.
Gr. /; / (see Penta-) + / measure.]
(Gr. & L.Pros.) A verse of five feet.
elegiac
distich consists of the hexameter followed by the
pentameter.
Harkness.
Pen*tam"e*ter, a. Having five metrical
feet.
Pen`ta*meth"yl*ene (?), n.
[Penta- + methylene.]
(Chem.) A hypothetical hydrocarbon,
C5H10, metameric with the amylenes, and the
nucleus of a large number of derivatives; -- so named because
regarded as composed of five methylene residues. Cf.
Trimethylene, and Tetramethylene.
\'d8Pen*tan"dri*a (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / (see Penta-) + /, /, man,
male.] (Bot.) A Linn\'91an class of plants
having five separate stamens.
{ Pen*tan"dri*an (?),
Pen*tan"drous (?), } a.
(Bot.) Of or pertaining to the class Pentadria;
having five stamens.
Pen"tane (?), n. [See
Penta-.] (Chem.) Any one of the
three metameric hydrocarbons, C5H12, of the
methane or paraffin series. They are colorless, volatile liquids,
two of which occur in petroleum. So called because of the
five carbon atoms in the molecule.
Pen"tan`gle (?), n.
[Penta- + angle.]
A pentagon. [R.]
Sir T. Browne.
Pen*tan"gu*lar (?), a.
[Penta- + angular.]
Having five corners or angles. [R.]
Pen`ta*pet"al*ous (?), a.
[Penta- + petal.]
(Bot.) Having five petals, or flower
leaves.
Pen*taph"yl*lous (?), a.
[Penta- + Gr. / leaf.] (Bot.)
Having five leaves or leaflets.
Pen*tap"o*dy (?), n.
[Penta- + Gr. /, /, foot.]
(Pros.) A measure or series consisting of five
feet.
Pen"tap*tote (?), n. [L.
(pl.) pentaptota. Gr. / with five cases;
/ (see Penta-) + / falling.]
(Gram.) A noun having five cases.
Pen"tap*tych (?), n.
[Penta- + Gr. /, /, a fold.] (Fine
Arts) A picture, or combination of pictures,
consisting of a centerpiece and double folding doors or wings, as
for an altarpiece.
Pen"tar*chy (?), n. [Gr. /:
cf. F. pentarchie. See Penta-, and
-archy.] A government in the hands of five
persons; five joint rulers. P. Fletcher. \'bdThe
pentarchy of the senses.\'b8 A. Brewer.
Pen"ta*spast (?), n. [L.
pentaspaston, Gr. / (see Penta-) + / to
pull: cf. F. pentaspaste.] A purchase with
five pulleys. [R.]
Pen`ta*sper"mous (?), a.
[Penta- + Gr. / seed.] (Bot.)
Containing five seeds.
Pen"ta*stich (?), n. [Gr. /
of five verses; / (see Penta-) + / line,
verse.] A composition consisting of five verses.
Pen*tas"ti*chous (?), a.
[Penta- + Gr. / a row.] (Bot.)
Having, or arranged in, five vertical ranks, as the leaves
of an apple tree or a cherry tree.
\'d8Pen`ta*stom"i*da (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. / (see Penta-) + / a mouth.]
(Zo\'94l.) Same as Linguatulina.
Pen"ta*style (?), a.
[Penta- + Gr. / a pillar.]
(Arch.) Having five columns in front; -- said of
a temple or portico in classical architecture. --
n. A portico having five
columns.
Pen"ta*teuch (?), n. [L.
pentateuchus, Gr. /; / (see Penta-) + /
a tool, implement, a book, akin to / to prepare, make ready,
and perh. to E. text. See Five, and
Text.] The first five books of the Old
Testament, collectively; -- called also the Law of
Moses, Book of the Law of Moses,
etc.
Pen`ta*teu"chal (?), a. Of or
pertaining to the Pentateuch.
Pen`ta*thi*on"ic (?), a.
[Penta- + thionic.]
(Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid of
sulphur obtained by leading hydrogen sulphide into a solution of
sulphur dioxide; -- so called because it contains five
atoms of sulphur.
\'d8Pen*tath"lon (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. /; / five + / a contest.] (Gr.
Antiq.) A fivefold athletic performance peculiar to
the great national games of the Greeks, including leaping, foot
racing, wrestling, throwing the discus, and throwing the
spear.
Pen`ta*tom"ic (?), a.
[Penta- + atomic.]
(Chem.) (a) Having five atoms in the
molecule. (b) Having five hydrogen atoms
capable of substitution.
Pen*tav"a*lent (?), a.
[Penta- + L. valens, p. pr. See
Valence.] (Chem.) Having a valence
of five; -- said of certain atoms and radicals.
Pen"te*con`ter (?), n. [Gr. /
(sc. /), fr. / fifty.] (Gr. Antiq.) A
Grecian vessel with fifty oars. [Written also
pentaconter.]
Pen"te*cost (?), n. [L.
pentecoste, Gr. / (sc. /) the fiftieth day,
Pentecost, fr. / fiftieth, fr. / fifty, fr. / five. See
Five, and cf. Pingster.] 1.
A solemn festival of the Jews; -- so called because
celebrated on the fiftieth day (seven weeks) after the second day
of the Passover (which fell on the sixteenth of the Jewish month
Nisan); -- hence called, also, the Feast of
Weeks. At this festival an offering of the first fruits
of the harvest was made. By the Jews it was generally regarded as
commemorative of the gift of the law on the fiftieth day after
the departure from Egypt.
2. A festival of the Roman Catholic and other
churches in commemoration of the descent of the Holy Spirit on
the apostles; which occurred on the day of Pentecost; -- called
also Whitsunday.
Shak.
Pen`te*cos"tal (?), a. Of or
pertaining to Pentecost or to Whitsuntide.
Pen`te*cos"tals (?), n. pl.
Offerings formerly made to the parish priest, or to the
mother church, at Pentecost.
Shipley.
Pen`te*cos"ter (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. /, fr. / fifty.] (Gr. Antiq.)
An officer in the Spartan army commanding fifty men.
Mitford.
Pen`te*cos"ty (?), n.; pl.
Pentecosties (#). [Gr. /, fr.
/ the fiftieth, / fifty.] (Gr. Antiq.)
A troop of fifty soldiers in the Spartan army; -- called
also pentecostys.
Jowett (Thucyd. ).
{ Pen*tel"ic (?), Pen*tel"i*can
(?), } a. Of or pertaining to
Mount Pentelicus, near Athens, famous for its fine white marble
quarries; obtained from Mount Pentelicus; as, the
Pentelic marble of which the Parthenon is
built.
Pen"tene (?), n. [See
Penta-.] (Chem.) Same as
Amylene.
Pent"house` (?), n. [A
corruption of pentice.] A shed or roof
sloping from the main wall or building, as over a door or window;
a lean-to. Also figuratively. \'bdThe penthouse
of his eyes.\'b8
Sir W. Scott.
<-- 2. An apartment at the top of a building. It is often the
most luxuriously appointed apartment, and is thus used as a
metaphor for luxurious living. -->
Pent"house`, a. Leaning;
overhanging. \'bdPenthouse lid.\'b8
Shak. \'bdMy penthouse eyebrows.\'b8
Dryden.
Pen"tice (?), n. [F.
appentis a penthouse. See Append.]
A penthouse. [Obs.]
Sir H. Wotton.
Pen"tile` (?), n. See
Pantile.
Pen"tine (?), n. [See
Penta-.] (Chem.) An unsaturated
hydrocarbon, C5H8, of the acetylene series. Same
as Valerylene.
Pen*to"ic (?), a. [See
Penta-.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or
desingating, an acid (called also valeric acid)
derived from pentane.
Pen"tone (?), n. [See
Penta-.] (Chem.) Same as
Valylene.
Pen*tox"ide (?), n.
[Penta- + oxide.]
(Chem.) An oxide containing five atoms of oxygen
in each molecule; as, phosphorus pentoxide,
P2O5.
Pen"tre*mite (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) Any species of Pentremites.
\'d8Pen`tre*mi"tes (?), n.
[NL., from Gr. / five + L. remus an oar.]
(Zo\'94l.) A genus of crinoids belonging to the
Blastoidea. They have five petal-like ambulacra.
Pent"roof` (?), n. [F.
pente slope + E. roof, or from
penthouse roof.] See
Lean-to.
Pen"trough` (?), n. A
penstock.
Pen"tyl (?), n.
[Penta + -yl.]
(Chem.) The hypothetical radical,
C5H11, of pentane and certain of its
derivatives. Same as Amyl.
Pen*tyl"ic (?), a. Pertaining
to, derived from, or containing, pentyl; as, pentylic
alcohol
{ Pe"nu*chle (?), Pin"o*cle
(?) }, n. A game at cards, played
with forty-eight cards, being all the cards above the eight spots
in two packs.
Pe"nult (?), n. [Abbreviated
fr. penultima.] (Gram. & Pros.)
The last syllable but one of a word; the syllable preceding
the final one.
Pe*nul"ti*ma (?), n. [L. (sc.
syllaba), fr. penultimus,
paenultimus, the last but one; paene almost
+ ultimus the last.] Same as
Penult.
Pe*nul"ti*mate (?), a. Last but
one; as, the penultimate syllable, the last syllable
but one of a word.
Pe*nul"ti*mate, n. The penult.
Pe*num"bra (?), n. [NL., fr. L.
paene almost + umbra shade.]
1. An incomplete or partial shadow.
2. (Astron.) The shadow cast, in an
eclipse, where the light is partly, but not wholly, cut off by
the intervening body; the space of partial illumination between
the umbra, or perfect shadow, on all sides, and the full
light.
Sir I. Newton.
penumbra,
and sometimes umbra.
3. (Paint.) The part of a picture where
the shade imperceptibly blends with the light.
Pe*num"brala. Of or pertaining to a penumbra;
resembling a penumbra; partially illuminated.
Pe*nu"ri*ous (?), a. [From
Penury.] 1. Excessively sparing in
the use of money; sordid; stingy; miserly. \'bdA
penurious niggard of his wealth.\'b8
Milton.
2. Not bountiful or liberal; scanty.
Here creeps along a poor, penurious stream.
C. Pitt.
3. Destitute of money; suffering extreme
want. [Obs.] \'bdMy penurious
band.\'b8
Shak.
Syn. -- Avaricious; covetous; parsimonious; miserly;
niggardly; stingy. See Avaricious.
--Pe*nu"ri*ous*ly, adv. --
Pe*nu"ri*ous*ness, n.
Pen"u*ry (?), n. [L.
penuria; cf. Gr. / hunger, / poverty, need, /
one who works for his daily bread, a poor man, / to work for
one's daily bread, to be poor: cf. F.
p\'82nurie.] 1. Absence of
resources; want; privation; indigence; extreme poverty;
destitution. \'bdA penury of military
forces.\'b8
Bacon.
They were exposed to hardship and penury.
Sprat.
It arises in neither from penury of thought.
Landor.
2. Penuriousness; miserliness.
[Obs.]
Jer. Taylor.
Pen"wip`er (?), n. A cloth, or
other material, for wiping off or cleaning ink from a pen.
Pen"wom`an (?), n.; pl.
Penwomen (/). A female writer;
an authoress.
Johnson.
Pe"on (?), n. See
Poon.
Pe"on, n. [Sp. peon, or Pg.
pe/o, one who travels on foot, a foot soldier, a
pawn in chess. See Pawn in chess.] 1.
A foot soldier; a policeman; also, an office attendant; a
messenger. [India]
2. A day laborer; a servant; especially, in some of
the Spanish American countries, debtor held by his creditor in a
form of qualified servitude, to work out a debt.
3. (Chess) See 2d Pawn.
Pe"on*age (?), n. The condition
of a peon.
Pe"on*ism (?), n. Same as
Peonage.
D. Webster.
Pe"o*ny (?), n.; pl.
Peonies (#). [OE.
pione, pioine, pioni, OF.
pione, F. pivoine, L. paeonia,
Gr. /, fr. /, /, the god of healing. Cf.
P\'91an.] (Bot.) A plant, and its
flower, of the ranunculaceous genus P\'91onia. Of the
four or five species, one is a shrub; the rest are perennial
herbs with showy flowers, often double in cultivation.
[Written also p\'91ony, and
piony.]
<-- p. 1063 -->
Peo"ple (?), n. [OE.
peple, people, OF. pueple, F.
peuple, fr. L. populus. Cf.
Populage, Public, Pueblo.]
1. The body of persons who compose a community,
tribe, nation, or race; an aggregate of individuals forming a
whole; a community; a nation.
Unto him shall the gathering of the people be.
Gen. xlix. 10.
The ants are a people not strong.
Prov. xxx. 25.
Before many peoples, and nations, and tongues.
Rev. x. 11.
Earth's monarchs are her peoples.
Whitter.
A government of all the people, by all the
people, for all the people.
T. Parker.
Peopleis a collective noun, generally
construed with a plural verb, and only occasionally used in the
plural form (peoples), in the sense of nations or
races.
2. Persons, generally; an indefinite number of men
and women; folks; population, or part of population; as,
country people; -- sometimes used as an indefinite
subject or verb, like on in French, and man
in German; as, people in adversity.
People were tempted to lend by great premiums.
Swift.
People have lived twenty-four days upon nothing but
water.
Arbuthnot.
3. The mass of comunity as distinguished from a
special class; the commonalty; the populace; the vulgar; the
common crowd; as, nobles and people.
And strive to gain his pardon from the people.
Addison.
4. With a possessive pronoun: (a) One's
ancestors or family; kindred; relations; as, my
people were English. (b) One's
subjects; fellow citizens; companions; followers. \'bdYou
slew great number of his people.\'b8
Shak.
Syn. -- People, Nation. When
speaking of a state, we use people for the mass of the
community, as distinguished from their rulers, and
nation for the entire political body, including the
rulers. In another sense of the term, nation describes
those who are descended from the same stock; and in this sense
the Germans regard themselves as one nation, though
politically subject to different forms of government.
Peo"ple (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Peopled p. pr.
& vb. n. Peopling (/).]
[Cf. OF. popler, puepler, F.
puepler. Cf. Populate.] To stock
with people or inhabitants; to fill as with people; to
populate. \'bdPeopled heaven with angels.\'b8
Dryden.
As the gay motes that people the sunbeams.
Milton.
Peo"pled (?), a. Stocked with,
or as with, people; inhabited. \'bdThe peopled
air.\'b8
Gray.
Peo"ple*less, a. Destitute of
people.
Poe.
Peo"pler (?), n. A settler; an
inhabitant. \'bdPeoplers of the peaceful
glen.\'b8
J. S. Blackie.
Peo"plish (?), a. Vulgar.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Pe*o"ri*as (?), n. pl.; sing.
Peoria (/). (Ethnol.)
An Algonquin tribe of Indians who formerly inhabited a part
of Illinois.
Pe*pas"tic (?), a. & n. [Gr.
/ to ripen, suppurate: cf. F. p\'82pastique.]
(Med.) Same as Maturative.
{ Pep"e*rine (?), \'d8Pep`e*ri"no
(?), } n. [It.
peperino, L. piper pepper. So called on
account of its color.] (Geol.) A volcanic
rock, formed by the cementing together of sand, scoria, cinders,
etc.
\'d8Pep"lis (?), n. [L., a kind
of plant, Gr. /.] (Bot.) A genus of
plants including water purslane.
\'d8Pep"lus (?), n. [L., fr.
Gr. /.] 1. An upper garment worn by Grecian
and Roman women.
2. A kind of kerchief formerly worn by
Englishwomen. [Obs.]
Fairholt.
\'d8Pe"po (?), n. [L., a kind
of melon, from Gr. /.] (Bot.) Any fleshy
fruit with a firm rind, as a pumpkin, melon, or gourd. See
Gourd.
Pep"per (?), n. [OE.
peper, AS. pipor, L. piper, fr.
Gr. /, /, akin to Skr. pippala,
pippali.] 1. A well-known,
pungently aromatic condiment, the dried berry, either whole or
powdered, of the Piper nigrum.
Common, or black,
pepper is made from the whole berry, dried just before
maturity; white pepper is made from the ripe berry
after the outer skin has been removed by maceration and friction.
It has less of the peculiar properties of the plant than the
black pepper. Pepper is used in medicine as a carminative
stimulant.
2. (Bot.) The plant which yields pepper,
an East Indian woody climber (Piper nigrum), with
ovate leaves and apetalous flowers in spikes opposite the leaves.
The berries are red when ripe. Also, by extension, any one of the
several hundred species of the genus Piper, widely
dispersed throughout the tropical and subtropical regions of the
earth.
3. Any plant of the genus Capsicum, and its fruit;
red pepper; as, the bell pepper.
pepper has been extended to
various other fruits and plants, more or less closely resembling
the true pepper, esp. to the common varieties of
Capsicum. See Capsicum, and the Phrases,
below.
African pepper, the Guinea pepper. See under
Guinea. -- Cayenne pepper. See under
Cayenne. -- Chinese pepper, the
spicy berries of the Xanthoxylum piperitum, a species
of prickly ash found in China and Japan. -- Guinea
pepper. See under Guinea, and
Capsicum. -- Jamaica pepper. See
Allspice. -- Long pepper. (a)
The spike of berries of Piper longum, an East
Indian shrub. (b) The root of Piper, . See Kava. --
Malaguetta, Meleguetta,
pepper, the aromatic seeds of the
Amomum Melegueta, an African plant of the Ginger
family. They are sometimes used to flavor beer, etc., under the
name of grains of Paradise. -- Red
pepper. See Capsicum. -- Sweet
pepper bush (Bot.), an American shrub
(Clethra alnifolia), with racemes of fragrant white
flowers; -- called also white alder. --
Pepper box caster, a
small box or bottle, with a perforated lid, used for sprinkling
ground pepper on food, etc. -- Pepper corn.
See in the Vocabulary. -- Pepper elder
(Bot.), a West Indian name of several plants of
the Pepper family, species of Piper and
Peperomia. -- Pepper moth
(Zo\'94l.), a European moth (Biston
betularia) having white wings covered with small black
specks. -- Pepper pot, a mucilaginous soup or
stew of vegetables and cassareep, much esteemed in the West
Indies. -- Pepper root. (Bot.).
See Coralwort. -- pepper sauce,
a condiment for the table, made of small red peppers steeped
in vinegar. -- Pepper tree (Bot.),
an aromatic tree (Drimys axillaris) of the
Magnolia family, common in New Zealand. See Peruvian mastic
tree, under Mastic.
Pep"per, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Peppered (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Peppering.] 1. To
sprinkle or season with pepper.
2. Figuratively: To shower shot or other missiles,
or blows, upon; to pelt; to fill with shot, or cover with bruises
or wounds. \'bdI have peppered two of them.\'b8
\'bdI am peppered, I warrant, for this world.\'b8
Shak.
Pep"per, v. i. To fire numerous shots
(at).
Pep"per*brand` (?), n.
(Bot.) See 1st Bunt.
Pep"per*corn` (?), n. 1.
A dried berry of the black pepper (Piper
nigrum).
2. Anything insignificant; a particle.
Pep"per dulse` (?). (Bot.) A
variety of edible seaweed (Laurencia pinnatifida)
distinguished for its pungency. [Scot.]
Lindley.
Pep"per*er (?), n. A grocer; --
formerly so called because he sold pepper.
[Obs.]
Pep"per*grass` (?), n.
(Bot.) (a) Any herb of the cruciferous
genus Lepidium, especially the garden peppergrass, or
garden cress, Lepidium sativum; -- called also
pepperwort. All the species have a pungent
flavor. (b) The common pillwort of Europe
(Pilularia globulifera). See Pillwort.
Pep"per*idge (?), n. [Cf. NL.
berberis, E. barberry.]
(Bot.) A North American tree (Nyssa
multiflora) with very tough wood, handsome oval polished
leaves, and very acid berries, -- the sour gum, or common tupelo.
See Tupelo. [Written also
piperidge and pipperidge.]
Pepperidge bush (Bot.), the
barberry.
Pep"per*ing, a. Hot; pungent;
peppery.
Swift.
Pep"per*mint (?), n.
[Pepper + mint.] 1.
(Bot.) An aromatic and pungent plant of the genus
Mentha (M. piperita), much used in medicine
and confectionery.
2. A volatile oil (oil of peppermint) distilled
from the fresh herb; also, a well-known essence or spirit
(essence of peppermint) obtained from it.
3. A lozenge of sugar flavored with
peppermint.
Peppermint camphor. (Chem.) Same as
Menthol. -- Peppermint tree
(Bot.), a name given to several Australian species
of gum tree (Eucalyptus amygdalina, E.
piperita, E. odorata, etc.) which have hard and
durable wood, and yield an essential oil.
Pep"per*wort` (?), n.
(Bot.) See Peppergrass.
Pep"per*y (?), a. 1.
Of or pertaining to pepper; having the qualities of pepper;
hot; pungent.
2. Fig.: Hot-tempered; passionate; choleric.
Pep"sin (?), n. [Gr. / a
cooking, digesting, digestion, fr. /, /, to cook, digest: cf.
F. pepsine. Cf. Dyspepsia.]
(Physiol. Chem.) An unorganized proteolytic
ferment or enzyme contained in the secretory glands of the
stomach. In the gastric juice it is united with dilute
hydrochloric acid (0.2 per cent, approximately) and the two
together constitute the active portion of the digestive fluid. It
is the active agent in the gastric juice of all animals.
Pep`sin*hy`dro*chlo"ric (?), a.
(Physiol. Chem.) Same as
Peptohydrochloric.
Pep*sin"o*gen (?), n.
[Pepsin + -gen.] (Physiol.
Chem.) The antecedent of the ferment pepsin. A
substance contained in the form of granules in the peptic cells
of the gastric glands. It is readily convertible into pepsin.
Also called propepsin.
Pep"tic (?), a. [L.
pepticus, Gr. /. See Pepsin.]
1. Relating to digestion; promoting digestion;
digestive; as, peptic sauces.
2. Able to digest. [R.]
Tolerably nutritive for a mind as yet so
peptic.
Carlyle.
3. (Physiol. Chem.) Pertaining to
pepsin; resembling pepsin in its power of digesting or dissolving
albuminous matter; containing or yielding pepsin, or a body of
like properties; as, the peptic glands.
Pep"tic, n. 1. An agent that
promotes digestion.
2. pl. The digestive organs.
Is there some magic in the place,
Or do my peptics differ?
Tennyson.
Pep"tics (?), n. The science of
digestion.
Pep"to*gen (?), n.
[Peptone + -gen.]
(Physiol.) A substance convertible into
peptone.
Pep`to*gen"ic (?), a. Same as
Peptogenous.
Pep*tog"e*nous (?), a.
(Physiol. Chem.) Capable of yielding, or being
converted into, peptone.
Pep`to*hy`dro*chlo"ric (?), a.
[See Peptone, and Hydrochloric.]
(Physiol. Chem.) Designating a hypothetical acid
(called peptohydrochloric acid,
pepsinhydrochloric acid, and chloropeptic
acid) which is supposed to be formed when pepsin and dilute
(0.1-0.4 per cent) hydrochloric acid are mixed together.
Pep"tone (?), n. [Gr. /
cooked.] (Physiol. Chem.) (a) The
soluble and diffusible substance or substances into which
albuminous portions of the food are transformed by the action of
the gastric and pancreatic juices. Peptones are also formed from
albuminous matter by the action of boiling water and boiling
dilute acids. (b) Collectively, in a broader
sense, all the products resulting from the solution of albuminous
matter in either gastric or pancreatic juice. In this case,
however, intermediate products (albumose bodies), such as
antialbumose, hemialbumose, etc., are mixed
with the true peptones. Also termed albuminose.
<-- soluble polypeptides produced by hydrolysis of protein -->
amphopeptone, antipeptone, and
hemipeptone, and, unlike the albumose bodies, are not
precipitated by saturating their solutions with ammonium
sulphate.
Pep"to*nize (?), v. t.
(Physiol.) To convert into peptone; to digest or
dissolve by means of a proteolytic ferment; as,
peptonized food.
Pep"to*noid (?), n.
[Peptone + -oid.] (Physiol.
Chem.) A substance related to peptone.
\'d8Pep`to*nu"ri*a (?), n. [NL.
See Peptone, and Urine.]
(Med.) The presence of peptone, or a peptonelike
body, in the urine.<-- not in Stedman's. Superseded by
proteinuria? -->
Pep`to*tox"ine (?), n.
[Peptone + toxic +
-ine.] (Physiol. Chem.) A toxic
alkaloid found occasionally associated with the peptones formed
from fibrin by pepsinhydrochloric acid.
Pe"quots (?), n. pl.; sing.
Pequot (/). (Ethnol.)
A tribe of Indians who formerly inhabited Eastern
Connecticut. [Written also
Pequods.]
Per- (?). [See Per.]
1. A prefix used to signify through,
throughout, by, for, or as an
intensive as perhaps, by hap or chance;
perennial, that lasts throughout the year;
perforce, through or by force; perfoliate,
perforate; perspicuous, evident throughout
or very evident; perplex, literally, to entangle very
much.
2. (Chem.) Originally, denoting that the
element to the name of which it is prefixed in the respective
compounds exercised its highest valence; now, only
that the element has a higher valence than in other
similar compounds; thus, barium peroxide is the
highest oxide of barium; while nitrogen and manganese
peroxides, so-called, are not the highest oxides of
those elements.
Per (?), prep. [L. Cf.
Far, For-, Pardon, and cf.
Par, prep.] Through; by means of;
through the agency of; by; for; for each; as, per
annum; per capita, by heads, or according to
individuals; per curiam, by the court; per se,
by itself, of itself. Per is also sometimes used
with English words.
Per annum, by the year; in each successive
year; annually. -- Per cent, Per
centum, by the hundred; in the hundred; -- used
esp. of proportions of ingredients, rate or amount of interest,
and the like; commonly used in the shortened form per
cent.<-- commonly symbolized with the per cent sign, %
--> -- Per diem, by the day. [For other
phrases from the Latin, see Quotations, Phrases, etc., from
Foreign Languages, in the Supplement.]
Per*act" (?), v. t. [L.
peractus, p.p. of peragere.] To
go through with; to perform. [Obs.]
Sylvester.
Per`a*cute" (?), a. [L.
peracutus. See Per-, and
Acute.] Very sharp; very violent; as, a
peracute fever. [R.]
Harvey.
Per`ad*ven"ture (?), adv. & conj.
[OE. per aventure, F. par aventure.
See Per, and Adventure.] By chance;
perhaps; it may be; if; supposing. \'bdIf
peradventure he speak against me.\'b8
Shak.
Peradventure there be fifty righteous within the
city.
Gen. xviii. 24.
Per`ad*ven"ture, n. Chance; hap; hence,
doubt; question; as, proved beyond
peradventure.
South.
Pe*r\'91"o*pod (?), n. [Gr. /
on the opposite side + -pod.]
(Zo\'94l.) One of the thoracic legs of a
crustacean. See Illust. of Crustacea.
Per"a*grate (?), v. t. [L.
peragratus, p.p. of peragrate.]
To travel over or through. [Obs.]
Per`agra"tion (?), n. [L.
peragratio: cf. F. peragration.]
The act or state of passing through any space; as, the
peragration of the moon in her monthly
revolution. [Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
Per*am"bu*late (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Perambulated
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Perambulating.] [L.
perambulatus, p.p. of perambulare to
perambulate; per through + ambulare to
walk. See Per-, and Amble.] To walk
through or over; especially, to travel over for the purpose of
surveying or examining; to inspect by traversing; specifically,
to inspect officially the boundaries of, as of a town or parish,
by walking over the whole line.
Per*am"bu*late, v. i. To walk about; to
ramble; to stroll; as, he perambulated in the
park.
Per*am`bu*la"tion (?), n.
1. The act of perambulating; traversing.
Bacon.
2. An annual survey of boundaries, as of town, a
parish, a forest, etc.
3. A district within which one is authorized to
make a tour of inspection. \'bdThe . . . bounds of his own
perambulation.\'b8 [Obs.]
Holyday.
Per*am"bu*la`tor (?), n. 1.
One who perambulates.
2. A surveyor's instrument for measuring distances.
It consists of a wheel arranged to roll along over the ground,
with an apparatus of clockwork, and a dial plate upon which the
distance traveled is shown by an index. See
Odometer.
3. A low carriage for a child, propelled by
pushing.
\'d8Per`a*me"les (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. / a pouch + L. meles a badger.]
(Zo\'94l.) Any marsupial of the genus
Perameles, which includes numerous species found in
Australia. They somewhat resemble rabbits in size and form. See
Illust. under Bandicoot.
Per"bend (?), n. See
Perpender.
Per"break` (?), n.
[Obs.] See Parbreak.
Per*bro"mate (?), n.
(Chem.)A salt of perbromic acid.
Per*bro"mic (?), a. [Pref.
per- + bromic.] (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or designating, the highest oxygen acid,
HBrO4, of bromine.
Per*bro"mide (?), n.
(Chem.) A bromide having a higher proportion of
bromine than any other bromide of the same substance or
series.
\'d8Per"ca (?), n. [L., a
perch.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of fishes,
including the fresh-water perch.
\'d8Per`cale" (?), n.
[F.] A fine cotton fabric, having a linen finish,
and often printed on one side, -- used for women's and children's
wear.
\'d8Per`ca`line" (?), n.
[F.] A fine kind of French cotton goods, usually
of one color.
Per*car"bide (?), n. [Pref.
per- + carbide.]
(Chem.)A compound containing a relatively large
amount of carbon. [R.]
Per*car"bu*ret (?), n. [Pref.
per- + carburet.] (Chem.)
A percarbide. [Obsoles.]
Per*car"bu*ret`ed, a. (Chem.)
Combined with a relatively large amount of carbon.
Per*case" (?), adv. [OE.
per cas. See Parcase.] Perhaps;
perchance. [Obs.]
Bacon.
Perce (?), v. t. To
pierce. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Per*ceiv"a*ble (?), a. Capable
of being perceived; perceptible. --
Per*ceiv"a*bly, adv.
Per*ceiv"ance (?), n. Power of
perceiving. [Obs.] \'bdThe senses and common
perceivance.\'b8
Milton.
Per*ceive" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Perceived
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Perceiving.] [OF. percevoir,
perceveir, L. percipere,
perceptum; per (see Per-) +
capere to take, receive. See Capacious, and
cf. Perception.] 1. To obtain
knowledge of through the senses; to receive impressions from by
means of the bodily organs; to take cognizance of the existence,
character, or identity of, by means of the senses; to see, hear,
or feel; as, to perceive a distant ship; to
perceive a discord.
Reid.
2. To take intellectual cognizance of; to apprehend
by the mind; to be convinced of by direct intuition; to note; to
remark; to discern; to see; to understand.
Jesus perceived their wickedness.
Matt. xxii. 18.
You may, fair lady,
Perceive I speak sincerely.
Shak.
Till we ourselves see it with our own eyes, and
perceive it by our own understandings, we are still in
the dark.
Locke.
3. To be affected of influented by.
[R.]
The upper regions of the air perceive the
collection of the matter of tempests before the air here
below.
Bacon.
Syn. -- To discern; distinguish; observe; see; feel; know;
understand. -- To Perceive,
Discern. To perceive a thing is to apprehend
it as presented to the senses or the intellect; to
discern is to mark differences, or to see a thing as
distinguished from others around it. We may perceive
two persons afar off without being able to discern
whether they are men or women. Hence, discern is often
used of an act of the senses or the mind involving close,
discriminating, analytical attention. We perceive that
which is clear or obvious; we discern that which
requires much attention to get an idea of it. \'bdWe
perceive light, darkness, colors, or the truth or
falsehood of anything. We discern characters, motives,
the tendency and consequences of actions, etc.\'b8
Crabb.
<-- p. 1064 -->
Per*ceiv"er (?), n. One who
perceives (in any of the senses of the verb).
Milton.
Perce"ly (?), n. Parsley.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Per*cent"age (?), n. [Per
cent + -age, as in average. See Per,
and Cent.] (Com.) A certain rate
per cent; the allowance, duty, rate of interest, discount, or
commission, on a hundred.
Per"cept (?), n. [From L.
percipere, perceptum.] That
which is perceived.
Sir W. Hamilton.
The modern discussion between percept and concept,
the one sensuous, the other intellectual.
Max M\'81ller.
Per*cep`ti*bil"i*ty (?), n.
[Cf. F. perceptibilit\'82.] 1.
The quality or state of being perceptible; as, the
perceptibility of light or color.
2. Perception. [R.]
Dr. H. More.
Per*cep"ti*ble (?), a. [L.
perceptibilis: cf. F. perceptible. See
Perceive.] Capable of being perceived;
cognizable; discernible; perceivable.
With a perceptible blast of the air.
Bacon.
-- Per*cep"ti*ble*ness, n. --
Per*cep"ti*bly, adv.
Per*cep"tion (?), n. [L.
perceptio: cf. F. perception. See
Perceive.] 1. The act of perceiving;
cognizance by the senses or intellect; apperhension by the bodily
organs, or by the mind, of what is presented to them;
discernment; apperhension; cognition.
2. (Metaph.) The faculty of perceiving;
the faculty, or peculiar part, of man's constitution by which he
has knowledge through the medium or instrumentality of the bodily
organs; the act of apperhending material objects or qualities
through the senses; -- distinguished from
conception.
Sir W. Hamilton.
Matter hath no life nor perception, and is not
conscious of its own existence.
Bentley.
3. The quality, state, or capability, of being
affected by something external; sensation; sensibility.
[Obs.]
This experiment discovereth perception in
plants.
Bacon.
4. An idea; a notion. [Obs.]
Sir M. Hale.
perception is, in the
language of philosophers previous to Reid, used in a very
extensive signification. By Descartes, Malebranche, Locke,
Leibnitz, and others, it is employed in a sense almost as
unexclusive as consciousness, in its widest
signification. By Reid this word was limited to our faculty
acquisitive of knowledge, and to that branch of this faculty
whereby, through the senses, we obtain a knowledge of the
external world. But his limitation did not stop here. In the act
of external perception he distinguished two elements, to which he
gave the names of perception and sensation.
He ought perhaps to have called these perception
proper and sensation proper, when employed in
his special meaning.\'b8
Sir W. Hamilton.
Per*cep"tive (?), a. [Cf. F.
perceptif.] Of or pertaining to the act or
power of perceiving; having the faculty or power of perceiving;
used in perception. \'bdHis perceptive and
reflective faculties.\'b8
Motley.
Per`cep*tiv"i*ty (?), n. The
quality or state of being perceptive; power of perception.
Locke.
\'d8Per*ces"o*ces (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. L. perca a perch + esox,
-ocis, a pike.] (Zo\'94l.) An
order of fishes including the gray mullets (Mugil),
the barracudas, the silversides, and other related fishes. So
called from their relation both to perches and to pikes.
Perch (?), n. [Written also
pearch.] [OE. perche, F.
perche, L. perca, fr. Gr. /; cf. /
dark-colored, Skr. p//ni spotted, speckled, and E.
freckle.] (Zo\'94l.) 1.
Any fresh-water fish of the genus Perca and of several other
allied genera of the family Percid\'91, as the common
American or yellow perch (Perca flavescens, ), and the European perch (P.
fluviatilis).
2. Any one of numerous species of spiny-finned
fishes belonging to the Percid\'91,
Serranid\'91, and related families, and resembling,
more or less, the true perches.
Black perch. (a) The black bass.
(b) The flasher. (c) The sea
bass. -- Blue perch, the cunner. --
Gray perch, the fresh-water drum. -- Red
perch, the rosefish. -- Red-bellied
perch, the long-eared pondfish. -- Perch
pest, a small crustacean, parasitic in the mouth of the
perch. -- Silver perch, the yellowtail.
-- Stone, Striped,
perch, the pope. -- White
perch, the Roccus, ,
a small silvery serranoid market fish of the Atlantic
coast.
Perch (?), n. [F.
perche, L. pertica.] 1.
A pole; a long staff; a rod; esp., a pole or other support
for fowls to roost on or to rest on; a roost; figuratively, any
elevated resting place or seat.
As chauntecleer among his wives all
Sat on his perche, that was in his hall.
Chaucer.
Not making his high place the lawless perch
Of winged ambitions.
Tennyson.
2. (a) A measure of length containing five
and a half yards; a rod, or pole. (b) In land
or square measure: A square rod; the 160th part of an acre.
(c) In solid measure: A mass 16
3. A pole connecting the fore gear and hind gear of
a spring carriage; a reach.
Perch, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Perched (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Perching.] [F.
percher. See Perch a pole.] To
alight or settle, as a bird; to sit or roost.
Wrens make prey where eagles dare not perch.
Shak.
Perch, v. t. 1. To place or to
set on, or as on, a perch.
2. To occupy as a perch.
Milton.
Per*chance" (?), adv. [F.
par by (L. per) + chance. See
Par, and Chance.] By chance;
perhaps; peradventure.
Perch"ant (?), n. [F.]
A bird tied by the foot, to serve as decoy to other birds by
its fluttering.
Perch"er (?), n. [From
Perch, v. i.] 1. One who,
or that which, perches.
J. Burroughs.
2. One of the Insessores.
3. [From Perch a pole.] A Paris
candle anciently used in England; also, a large wax candle
formerly set upon the altar. [Obs.]
Bailey.
Per"che*ron (?), n. [F.]
One of a breed of draught horses originating in
Perche, an old district of France; -- called also
Percheron-Norman.
Per*chlo"rate (?), n.
(Chem.) A salt of perchloric acid.
Per*chlo"ric (?), a. [Pref.
per- + chloric.] (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or designating, the highest oxygen acid
(HClO4), of chlorine; -- called also
hyperchloric.
Per*chlo"ride (?), n.
(Chem.) A chloride having a higher proportion of
chlorine than any other chloride of the same substance or
series.
Per*chro"mic (?), a. [Pref.
per- + chromic.] (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or designating, a certain one of the highly
oxidized compounds of chromium, which has a deep blue color, and
is produced by the action of hydrogen peroxide.
Per"ci*form (?), a. [NL., & L.
perca a perch + -form.]
(Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to the Perciformes.
\'d8Per`ci*for"mes (?), n. pl.
[NL.] (Zo\'94l.) An extensive tribe or
suborder of fishes, including the true perches
(Percid\'91); the pondfishes
(Centrarchid\'91); the sci\'91noids
(Sci\'91nid\'91); the sparoids
(Sparid\'91); the serranoids
(Serranid\'91), and some other related families.
{ Per*cip"i*ence (?),
Per*cip"i*en*cy (?), } n.
The faculty, act or power of perceiving; perception.
Mrs. Browning.
Per*cip"i*ent (?), a. [L.
percipiens, -entis, p.pr. of
percipere. See Perceive.] Having
the faculty of perception; perceiving; as, a
percipient being. Bentley. --
n. One who, or that which, is
percipient.
Glanvill.
Per*close" (?), n. [OF.
parclose an inclosed place; L. per through
+ claudere, clausum, to shut.]
1. (Eccl. Arch.) Same as
Parclose.
2. Conclusion; end. [Obs.]
Sir W. Raleigh.
Per"coid (?), a. [L.
perca a perch + -oid: cf. F.
perco\'8bde.] (Zo\'94l.)
Belonging to, or resembling, the perches, or family
Percid\'91. -- n. Any fish
of the genus Perca, or allied genera of the family
Percid\'91.
\'d8Per*coi"de*a (?), n. pl.
[NL.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as
Perciformes.
Per"co*late (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Percolated
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Percolating.] [L.
percolatus, p.p. of percolare to percolate;
per through + colare to strain.]
To cause to pass through fine interstices, as a liquor; to
filter; to strain.
Sir M. Hale.
Per"co*late, v. i. To pass through fine
interstices; to filter; as, water percolates through
porous stone.
Per`co*la"tion (?), n. [L.
percolatio.] The act or process of
percolating, or filtering; filtration; straining. Specifically
(Pharm.), the process of exhausting the virtues of a
powdered drug by letting a liquid filter slowly through it.
Per"co*la`tor (?), n. One who,
or that which, filters. \'bd[Tissues] act as
percolators.\'b8
Henfrey.
<-- a device for brewing coffee by percoation -->
\'d8Per`co*mor"phi (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. L. perca perch + Gr. / form.]
(Zo\'94l.) A division of fishes including the
perches and related kinds.
Per"cu*laced (?), a. [Prob.
corrupt. fr. portcullised.] (Her.)
Latticed. See Lattice, n., 2.
Per*cur"rent (?), a. [L.
percurrens, p.pr. of percurrere to run
through; per through + currere to
run.] Running through the entire length.
Per*cur"so*ry (?), a. [L.
percursor one who runs through, fr.
percurrere. See Percurrent.]
Running over slightly or in haste; cursory.
[R.]
Per*cuss" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Percussed
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Percussing.] [L. percussus,
p.p. of percutere; per + quatere to shake,
strike. See Quash.] To strike smartly; to
strike upon or against; as, to percuss the chest in
medical examination.
Flame percussed by air giveth a noise.
Bacon.
Per*cuss", v. i. (Med.) To
strike or tap in an examination by percussion. See
Percussion, 3.
Quain.
Per*cus"sion (?), n. [L.
percussio: cf. F. percussion. See
Percuss.] 1. The act of percussing,
or striking one body against another; forcible collision, esp.
such as gives a sound or report.
Sir I. Newton.
2. Hence: The effect of violent collision;
vibratory shock; impression of sound on the ear.
The thunderlike percussion of thy sounds.
Shak.
3. (Med.) The act of tapping or striking
the surface of the body in order to learn the condition of the
parts beneath by the sound emitted or the sensation imparted to
the fingers. Percussion is said to be immediate if the
blow is directly upon the body; if some interventing substance,
as a pleximeter, is, used, it is called mediate.
Center of percussion. See under
Center. -- Percussion bullet, a
bullet containing a substance which is exploded by percussion; an
explosive bullet. -- Percussion cap, a small
copper cap or cup, containing fulminating powder, and used with a
percussion lock to explode gunpowder. -- Percussion
fuze. See under Fuze. -- Percussion
lock, the lock of a gun that is fired by percussion
upon fulminating powder. -- Percussion match,
a match which ignites by percussion. -- Percussion
powder, powder so composed as to ignite by slight
percussion; fulminating powder. -- Percussion
sieve, Percussion table, a machine
for sorting ores by agitation in running water.
Per*cuss"ive (?), a. Striking
against; percutient; as, percussive
force.
Per*cu"tient (?), a. [L.
percutiens, p.pr. of percutere. See
Percuss.] Striking; having the power of
striking. -- n. That which strikes,
or has power to strike.
Bacon.
Per"di*cine (?), a. [See
Perdix.] (Zo\'94l.) Of or
pertaining to the family Perdicid\'91, or
partridges.
Per*die" (?), adv. See
Parde.
Spenser.
Per"di*foil (?), n. [L.
perdere to lose + folium leaf.]
(Bot.) A deciduous plant; -- opposed to
evergreen.
J. Barton.
Per*di"tion (?), n. [F., fr. L.
perditio, fr. perdere, perditum,
to ruin, to lose; per (cf. Skr. par\'be
away) + -dere (only in comp.) to put; akin to Gr. /,
E. do. See Do.] 1. Entire
loss; utter destruction; ruin; esp., the utter loss of the soul,
or of final happiness in a future state; future misery or eternal
death.
The mere perdition of the Turkish fleet.
Shak.
If we reject the truth, we seal our own
perdition.
J. M. Mason.
2. Loss of diminution. [Obs.]
Shak.
Per*di"tion*a*ble (?), a.
Capable of being ruined; worthy of perdition.
[R.]
Pollok.
\'d8Per"dix (?), n. [L., a
partridge, Gr. /.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of
birds including the common European partridge. Formerly the word
was used in a much wider sense to include many allied
genera.
Per*du" (?), n. [See
Perdu, a.] 1. One placed
on watch, or in ambush.
2. A soldier sent on a forlorn hope.
Shak.
{ Per*du", Per*due" } (?),
a. [F. perdu, f. perdue,
lost, p.p. of perdre to lose, L. perdere.
See Perdition.] 1. Lost to view; in
concealment or ambush; close.
He should lie perdue who is to walk the round.
Fuller.
2. Accustomed to, or employed in, desperate
enterprises; hence, reckless; hopeless. \'bdA
perdue captain.\'b8
Beau. & Fl.
Per`du*el"lion (?), n. [L.
perduellio; per + duellum,
bellum, war.] (Civil Law)
Treason.
Per"du*lous (?), a. [See
Perdu, a.] Lost; thrown
away. [Obs.]
Abp. Bramhall.
Per*dur`a*bil"i*ty (?), n.
Durability; lastingness. [Archaic]
Chaucer.
Per*dur"a*ble (?), n. [Cf. F.
perdurable, OE. pardurable. See
Perdure.] Very durable; lasting; continuing
long. [Archaic]
Chaucer. Shak.
-- Per*dur"a*bly, adv.
[Archaic]
{ Per*dur"ance (?),
Per`du*ra"tion (?), } n.
Long continuance. [Archaic]
Per*dure" (?), v. i. [L.
perdurare; per trough + durare
to last.] To last or endure for a long time; to be
perdurable or lasting. [Archaic]
The mind perdures while its energizing may
construct a thousand lines.
Hickok.
Per*dy" (?), adv. Truly. See
Parde. [Obs.]
Ah, dame! perdy ye have not done me right.
Spenser.
Pere (?), n. A peer.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Per*e"gal (?), a. [OF.
par very (L. per) + egal equal,
L. aequalis.] Fully equal.
[Obs.] Chaucer. \'bdPeregal to
the best.\'b8
Spenser.
Per"e*gri*nate (?), v. i. [L.
peregrinatus, p.p. of peregrinari to
travel. See Pilgrim.] To travel from place to
place, or from one country to another; hence, to sojourn in
foreign countries.
Per"e*gri*nate (?), a. [L.
peregrinatus, p.p.] Having traveled;
foreign. [Obs.]
Shak.
Per`e*gri*na"tion (?), n. [L.
peregrinatio: cf. F.
p\'82r\'82grination.] A traveling from one
country to another; a wandering; sojourn in foreign
countries. \'bdHis peregrination abroad.\'b8
Bacon.
Per"e*gri*na`tor (?), n.
[L.] One who peregrinates; one who travels
about.
Per"e*grine (?), a. [L.
peregrinus. See Pilgrim.] Foreign;
not native; extrinsic or from without; exotic.
[Spelt also pelegrine.]
\'bdPeregrine and preternatural heat.\'b8
Bacon.
Peregrine falcon (Zo\'94l.), a
courageous and swift falcon (Falco peregrinus),
remarkable for its wide distribution over all the continents. The
adult plumage is dark bluish ash on the back, nearly black on the
head and cheeks, white beneath, barred with black below the
throat. Called also peregrine hawk,
duck hawk, game hawk, and
great-footed hawk.
Per"e*grine (?), n. The
peregrine falcon.
Per`e*grin"i*ty (?), n. [L.
peregrinitas: cf. F.
p\'82r\'82grinit\'82.] 1.
Foreignness; strangeness. [Obs.]
\'bdSomewhat of a peregrinity in their dialect.\'b8
Johnson.
2. Travel; wandering. [R.]
Carlyle.
<-- p. 1065 -->
Per"el (?), n. Apparel.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Per*empt" (?), v. t. [L.
peremptus, p.p. of perimere to take away
entirely, to destroy; per (see Per-) + OL.
emere to take. See Redeem.]
(Law) To destroy; to defeat.
[R.]
Ayliffe.
Per*emp"tion (?), n. [L.
peremptio: cf. F. p\'82remption.]
(Law) A quashing; a defeating.
[Obs.]
Per"emp*to*ri*ly (?), adv. In a
peremptory manner; absolutely; positively.
Bacon.
Per"emp*to*ri*ness, n. The quality of
being peremptory; positiveness.
Per"emp*to*ry (?), a. [L.
peremptorius destructive, deadly, decisive, final: cf.
F. p\'82remptorie. See Perempt.]
1. Precluding debate or expostulation; not
admitting of question or appeal; positive; absolute; decisive;
conclusive; final.
Think of heaven with hearty purposes and peremptory
designs to get thither.
Jer. Taylor.
2. Positive in opinion or judgment; decided;
dictatorial; dogmatical.
Be not too positive and peremptory.
Bacon.
Briefly, then, for we are peremptory.
Shak.
3. Firmly determined; unawed.
[Poetic]
Shak.
Peremptory challenge (Law) See
under Challenge. -- Peremptory mandamus,
a final and absolute mandamus. -- Peremptory
plea, a plea by a defendant tending to impeach the
plaintiff's right of action; a plea in bar.
Syn. -- Decisive; positive; absolute; authoritative;
express; arbitrary; dogmatical.
Per*en"ni*al (?), a. [L.
perennis that lasts the whole year through;
per through + annus year. See
Per-, and Annual.] 1. ing
or continuing through the year; as, perennial
fountains.
2. Continuing without cessation or intermission;
perpetual; unceasing; never failing.
The perennial existence of bodies corporate.
Burke.
3. (Bot.) Continuing more than two
years; as, a perennial steam, or root, or
plant.
Syn. -- Perpetual; unceasing; never failing; enduring;
continual; permanent; uninterrupted.
Per*en"ni*al, n. (Bot.) A
perennial plant; a plant which lives or continues more than two
years, whether it retains its leaves in winter or not.
Per*en"ni*al*ly, adv. In a perennial
manner.
\'d8Per*en`ni*bran`chi*a"ta (?), n.
pl. [NL. See Perennial, and
Branchia.] (Zo\'94l.) Those
Batrachia which retain their gills through life, as the
menobranchus.
Per*en`ni*bran"chi*ate (?), a.
[See Perennial, and Branchiate.]
1. (Anat.) Having branch\'91, or gills,
through life; -- said especially of certain Amphibia, like the
menobranchus. Opposed to caducibranchiate.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Belonging to the
Perennibranchiata.
Per*en"ni*ty (?), n. [L.
perennitas.] The quality of being
perennial. [R.]
Derham.
Per`er*ra"tion (?), n. [L.
pererrare, pererratum, to wander
through.] A wandering, or rambling, through various
places. [R.]
Howell.
Per"fect (?), a. [OE.
parfit, OF. parfit, parfet,
parfait, F. parfait, L.
perfectus, p.p. of perficere to carry to
the end, to perform, finish, perfect; per (see
Per-) + facere to make, do. See
Fact.] 1. Brought to consummation or
completeness; completed; not defective nor redundant; having all
the properties or qualities requisite to its nature and kind;
without flaw, fault, or blemish; without error; mature; whole;
pure; sound; right; correct.
My strength is made perfect in weakness.
2 Cor. xii. 9.
Three glorious suns, each one a perfect sun.
Shak.
I fear I am not in my perfect mind.
Shak.
O most entire perfect sacrifice!
Keble.
God made thee perfect, not immutable.
Milton.
2. Well informed; certain; sure.
I am perfect that the Pannonains are now in
arms.
Shak.
3. (Bot.) Hermaphrodite; having both
stamens and pistils; -- said of flower.
Perfect cadence (Mus.), a complete
and satisfactory close in harmony, as upon the tonic preceded by
the dominant. -- Perfect chord (Mus.),
a concord or union of sounds which is perfectly coalescent
and agreeable to the ear, as the unison, octave, fifth, and
fourth; a perfect consonance; a common chord in its original
position of keynote, third, fifth, and octave. --
Perfect number (Arith.), a number equal
to the sum of all its divisors; as, 28, whose aliquot parts, or
divisors, are 14, 7, 4, 2, 1. See Abundant number,
under Abundant. Brande & C. --
Perfect tense (Gram.), a tense which
expresses an act or state completed.<-- = perfective
-->
Syn. -- Finished; consummate; complete; entire; faultless;
blameless; unblemished.
Per"fect (?), n. The perfect
tense, or a form in that tense.
Per"fect (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Perfected; p.
pr. & vb. n. Perfecting.] [L.
perfectus, p.p. of perficere. See
Perfect, a.] To make perfect; to
finish or complete, so as to leave nothing wanting; to give to
anything all that is requisite to its nature and kind.
God dwelleth in us, and his love is perfect in
us.
1 John iv. 12.
Inquire into the nature and properties of the things, . . .
and thereby perfect our ideas of their distinct
species.
Locke.
Perfecting press (Print.), a press
in which the printing on both sides of the paper is completed in
one passage through the machine.
Syn. -- To finish; accomplish; complete; consummate.
Per"fect*er (?), n. One who, or
that which, makes perfect. \'bdThe . . .
perfecter of our faith.\'b8
Barrow.
Per*fect`i*bil"i*an (?), n. A
perfectionist. [R.]
Ed. Rev.
Per`fec*tib"i*list (?), n. A
perfectionist. See also Illuminati, 2.
[R.]
Per*fect`i*bil"i*ty (?), n.
[Cf. F. perfectibilit\'82.] The
quality or state of being perfectible.
Per*fect"i*ble (?), a. [Cf. F.
perfectible.] Capable of becoming, or being
made, perfect.
Per*fec"tion (?), n. [F.
perfection, L. perfectio.]
1. The quality or state of being perfect or
complete, so that nothing requisite is wanting; entire
development; consummate culture, skill, or moral excellence; the
highest attainable state or degree of excellence; maturity;
as, perfection in an art, in a science, or in a
system; perfection in form or degree; fruits in
perfection.
2. A quality, endowment, or acquirement completely
excellent; an ideal faultlessness; especially, the divine
attribute of complete excellence.
Shak.
What tongue can her perfections tell?
Sir P. Sidney.
To perfection, in the highest degree of
excellence; perfectly; as, to imitate a model to
perfection.
Per*fec"tion, v. t. To perfect.
[Obs.]
Foote.
Per*fec"tion*al (?), a. Of or
pertaining to perfection; characterized by perfection.
[R.]
Bp. Pearson.
Per*fec"tion*ate (?), v. t. To
perfect.
Dryden.
Per*fec"tion*ism (?), n. The
doctrine of the Perfectionists.
Per*fec"tion*ist, n. One pretending to
perfection; esp., one pretending to moral perfection; one who
believes that persons may and do attain to moral perfection and
sinlessness in this life.
South.
Per*fec"tion*ment (?), n. [Cf.
F. perfectionnement.] The act of bringing
to perfection, or the state of having attained to
perfection. [R.]
I. Taylor.
Per*fect"ive (?), a. Tending or
conducing to make perfect, or to bring to perfection; -- usually
followed by of. \'bdA perfective
alteration.\'b8
Fuller.
Actions perfective of their natures.
Ray.
Per*fec"tive*ly, adv. In a perfective
manner.
Per"fect*ly (?), adv. In a
perfect manner or degree; in or to perfection; completely;
wholly; throughly; faultlessly. \'bdPerfectly
divine.\'b8
Milton.
As many as touched were made perfectly whole.
Matt. xiv. 36.
Per"fect*ness, n. The quality or state
of being perfect; perfection. \'bdCharity, which is the
bond of perfectness.\'b8
Col. iii. 14.
Per*fer"vid (?), a. [Pref.
per- + fervid.] Very fervid; too
fervid; glowing; ardent.
Per*fi"cient (?), a. [L.
perficiens, p.pr. of perficere to perform.
See Perfect.] Making or doing throughly;
efficient; effectual. [R.]
Blackstone.
Per*fi"cient, n. One who performs or
perfects a work; especially, one who endows a charity.
[R.]
Per*fid"i*ous (?), a. [L.
perfidious.] 1. Guilty of perfidy;
violating good faith or vows; false to trust or confidence
reposed; teacherous; faithless; as, a perfidious
friend.
Shak.
2. Involving, or characterized by, perfidy.
\'bdInvolved in this perfidious fraud.\'b8
Milton.
Per*fid"i*ous*ly, adv. In a perfidious
manner.
Per*fid"i*ous*ness, n. The quality of
being perfidious; perfidy.
Clarendon.
Per"fi*dy (?), n.; pl.
Perfidies (#). [L.
perfidia, fr. L. perfidus faithless;
per (cf. Skr. par\'be away) +
fides faith: cf. F. perfidie. See
Faith.] The act of violating faith or
allegiance; violation of a promise or vow, or of trust reposed;
faithlessness; teachery.
The ambition and perfidy of tyrants.
Macaulay.
His perfidy to this sacred engagement.
DeQuincey.
Per"fit (?), a. Perfect.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Per*fix" (?), v. t. [Pref.
per- + fix.] To fix surely; to
appoint. [Obs.]
Per"fla*ble (?), a. [L.
perflabilis. See Perflate.]
Capable of being blown through. [Obs.]
Per*flate" (?), v. t. [L.
perflatus, p.p. of perflare to blow
through.] To blow through. [Obs.]
Harvey.
Per*fla"tion (?), n. [L.
perflatio.] The act of perflating.
[Obs.]
Woodward.
Per*fo"li*ate (?), a. [Pref.
per- + L. folium leaf.] 1.
(Bot.) Having the basal part produced around the
stem; -- said of leaves which the stem apparently passes
directory through.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Surrounded by a circle of
hairs, or projections of any kind.
Per`fo*ra"ta (?), n. pl. [NL.
See Perforate.] (Zo\'94l.) (a)
A division of corals including those that have a porous
texture, as Porites and Madrepora; -- opposed to
Aporosa. (b) A division of
Foraminifera, including those having perforated shells.
Per"fo*rate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Perforated
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Perforating.] [L.
perforatus, p.p. of perforare to perforate;
per through + forare to bore. See
Bore, v.] To bore through; to
pierce through with a pointed instrument; to make a hole or holes
through by boring or piercing; to pierce or penetrate the surface
of.
Bacon.
{ Per"fo*rate (?), Per"fo*ra`ted
(?), } a. Pierced with a hole or
holes, or with pores; having transparent dots resembling
holes.
Per`fo*ra"tion (?), n. [Cf. F.
perforation.] 1. The act of
perforating, or of boring or piercing through.
Bacon.
2. A hole made by boring or piercing; an
aperture. \'bdSlender perforations.\'b8
Sir T. Browne.
Per"fo*ra*tive (?), a. [Cf. F.
perforatif.] Having power to perforate or
pierce.
Per"fo*ra`tor (?), n. [Cf. F.
perforateur.] One who, or that which,
perforates; esp., a cephalotome.
Per*force" (?), adv. [F.
par (L. per) + force.]
By force; of necessary; at any rate.
Shak.
Per*force", v. t. To force; to
compel. [Obs.]
Per*form" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Performed
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Performing.] [OE. performen,
parfourmen, parfournen, OF.
parfornir, parfournir, to finish, complete;
OF. & F. par (see Par) + fournir
to finish, complete. The word has been influenced by
form; cf. L. performare to form thoroughly.
See Furnish.] 1. To carry through;
to bring to completion; to achieve; to accomplish; to execute; to
do.
I will cry unto God most high, unto God that
performeth all things for me.
Ps. lvii. 2.
Great force to perform what they did attempt.
Sir P. Sidney.
2. To discharge; to fulfill; to act up to; as,
to perform a duty; to perform a promise or a
vow.
To perform your father's will.
Shak.
3. To represent; to act; to play; as in
drama.
Perform a part thou hast not done before.
Shak.
Syn. -- To accomplish; do; act; transact; achieve; execute;
discharge; fulfill; effect; complete; consummate. See
Accomplish.
Per*form", v. i. To do, execute, or
accomplish something; to acquit one's self in any business; esp.,
to represent sometimes by action; to act a part; to play on a
musical instrument; as, the players perform poorly;
the musician performs on the organ.
Per*form"a*ble (?), a.
Admitting of being performed, done, or executed;
practicable.
Per*form"ance (?), n. The act
of performing; the carrying into execution or action; execution;
achievement; accomplishment; representation by action; as,
the performance of an undertaking of a duty.
Promises are not binding where the performance is
impossible.
Paley.
2. That which is performed or accomplished; a thing
done or carried through; an achievement; a deed; an act; a feat;
esp., an action of an elaborate or public character.
\'bdHer walking and other actual performances.\'b8
Shak. \'bdHis musical performances.\'b8
Macaulay.
Syn. -- Completion; consummation; execution; accomplishment;
achievement; production; work; act; action; deed; exploit;
feat.
Per*form"er (?), n. One who
performs, accomplishes, or fulfills; as, a good promiser, but
a bad performer; especially, one who shows skill
and training in any art; as, a performer of the
drama; a performer on the harp.
Per"fri*cate (?), v. t. [L.
perfricatus, p.p. of perfricare.]
To rub over.
Bailey.
Per*fu"ma*to*ry (?), a.
Emitting perfume; perfuming. [R.]
Sir E. Leigh.
Per*fume" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Perfumed
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Perfuming.] [F. parfumer
(cf. Sp. perfumar); par (see Par)
+ fumer to smoke, L. fumare, fr.
fumus smoke. See Fume.] To fill or
impregnate with a perfume; to scent.
And Carmel's flowery top perfumes the skies.
Pope.
Per"fume (?), n. [F.
parfum; cf. Sp. perfume. See
Perfume, v.] 1. The
scent, odor, or odoriferous particles emitted from a
sweet-smelling substance; a pleasant odor; fragrance;
aroma.
No rich perfumes refresh the fruitful
field.
Pope.
2. A substance that emits an agreeable odor.
And thou shalt make it a perfume.
Ex. xxx. 35.
Per*fum"er (?), n. 1.
One who, oe that which, perfumes.
2. One whose trade is to make or sell
perfumes.
Per*fum"er*y (?), n. 1.
Perfumes, in general.
2. [Cf. F. parfumerie.] The
art of preparing perfumes.
Per*func"to*ri*ly (?), adv. In
a perfunctory manner; formally; carelessly.
Boyle.
Per*func"to*ri*ness, n. The quality or
state of being perfunctory.
Per*func"to*ry (?), a. [L.
perfunctorius, fr. perfunctus dispatched,
p.p. of perfungi to discharge, dispatch;
per (see Per) + fungi to perform.
See Function.] 1. Done merely to get
rid of a duty; performed mechanically and as a thing of rote;
done in a careless and superficial manner; characterized by
indifference; as, perfunctory
admonitions.
Macaulay.
2. Hence: Mechanical; indifferent; listless;
careless. \'bdPerfunctory in his devotions.\'b8
Sharp.
Per*func"tu*rate (?), v. t. To
perform in a perfunctory manner; to do negligently.
[R.]
Per*fuse" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Perfused
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Perfusing.] [L. perfusus,
p.p. of perfundere to pour over; per +
fundere to pour.] To suffuse; to fill full or to
excess.
Harvey.
Per*fu"sion (?), n. [L.
perfusio.] The act of perfusing.
Per*fu"sive (?), a. Of a nature
to flow over, or to spread through.
{ Per`ga*me"no*us (?),
Per`ga*men*ta"ceous (?), } a.
[L. pergamena parchment. See
Parchment.] Like parchment.
Per*haps" (?), adv.
[Per + hap chance.] By
chance; peradventure; perchance; it may be.
And pray God, if perhaps the thought of thine heart
may be forgiven thee.
Acts viii. 22.
Per"i- (?). [Gr. /, prep.] A
prefix used to signify around, by,
near, over, beyond, or to give
an intensive sense; as, perimeter, the
measure around; perigee, point near the earth;
periergy, work beyond what is needed;
perispherical, quite spherical.
Pe"ri (?), n.; pl.
Peris (#). [Per.
per\'c6 a female genus, a fairy.] (Persian
Myth.) An imaginary being, male or female, like an elf
or fairy, represented as a descendant of fallen angels, excluded
from paradise till penance is accomplished.
Moore.
<-- p. 1066 -->
Per`i*a"gua (?), n. See
Pirogue.
Per"i*anth (?), n. [Pref.
peri- + Gr. / flower: cf. F.
p\'82rianthe.] (Bot.) (a)
The leaves of a flower generally, especially when the calyx
and corolla are not readily distinguished. (b)
A saclike involucre which incloses the young fruit in most
hepatic mosses. See Illust. of
Hepatica.
\'d8Per`i*an"thi*um (?), n.
[NL.] (Bot.) The perianth.
Per"i*apt (?), n. [Gr. /, fr.
/ hung about, / to hang about; / about + / to tie: cf. F.
p\'82riapte.] A charm worn as a protection
against disease or mischief; an amulet.
Coleridge.
Now help, ye charming spells and periapts.
Shak.
Per`i*as"tral (?), a. Among or
around the stars. \'bdComets in periastral
passage.\'b8
R. A. Proctor.
Per`i*as"tron (?), n. [NL., fr.
Gr. / about + / a star.] (Astron.) That
point, in the real or apparent orbit of one star revolving around
another, at which the former is nearest to the latter.
Per"i*au"ger (?), n. See
Pirogue.
W. Irving.
Per"i*blast (?), a. [Gr. / to
grow around. See Peri-, and -blast.]
(Biol.) The protoplasmic matter which surrounds
the entoblast, or cell nucleus, and undergoes segmentation.
-- Per`i*blas"tic, a.
Per"i*blem (?), n. [Pref.
peri- + root of Gr. / to sprout.]
(Bot.) Nascent cortex, or immature cellular
bark.
\'d8Pe*rib"o*los (?), n. [Nl.,
fr. Gr. /, fr. /, adj., going round, fr. / to throw round;
cf. L. peribolus.] In ancient architecture,
an inclosed court, esp., one surrounding a temple.
Per`i*bran"chi*al (?), a.
(Anat.) Surrounding the branchi\'91; as, a
peribranchial cavity.
Per`i*bran"chi*al (?), a.
(Anat.) Around the bronchi or bronchial tubes;
as, the peribronchial lymphatics.
\'d8Per`i*cam"bi*um (?), n.
[NL. See Peri-, and Cambium.]
(Biol.) A layer of thin-walled young cells in a
growing stem, in which layer certain new vessels originate.
{ Per`i*car"di*ac (?),
Per`i*car"di*al (?), } a.
(Anat.) Of or pertaining to pericardium; situated
around the heart.
Pericardial fluid (Physiol.), a
serous fluid of a pale yellow color contained in the
pericardium.
Per`i*car"di*an (?), a.
Pericardiac.
Per`i*car"dic (?), a.
Pericardiac.
\'d8Per`i*car*di"tus (?), n.
[NL. See Pericardium, and -itis.]
(Med.) Inflammation of the pericardium.
Dunglison.
Per`i*car"di*um (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. /, fr. / about or near the heart; / about + /
heart.] (Anat.) The double baglike fold of
serous membrane which incloses the heart.
cardiac
pericardium. The outer layer loosely incloses the heart and
the adherent inner layer, and is called the parietal
pericardium. At the base of the heart the two layers are
continuous, and form a narrow closed cavity filled with fluid, in
which the pulsations of the heart cause little friction.
Per"i*carp (?), n. [Gr. /;
/ around + / fruit: cf. F. p\'82ricarpe.]
(Bot.) The ripened ovary; the walls of the fruit.
See Illusts. of Capsule, Drupe, and
Legume.
{ Per`i*car"pi*al (?),
Per`i*car"pic (?) }, a.
(Bot.) Of or pertaining to a pericarp.
Per`i*cel"lu*lar (?), a.
(Anat.) Surrounding a cell; as, the
pericellular lymph spaces surrounding ganglion
cells.
Per"i*ch\'91th (?), n. [See
Perich\'91tium.] (Bot.) The leafy
involucre surrounding the fruit stalk of mosses; perich\'91tium;
perichete.
Per`i*ch\'91"ti*al (?), a.
(Bot.) Of or pertaining to the
perich\'91th.
\'d8Per`i*ch\'91"ti*um (?), n.;
pl. Perich\'91tia (#). [NL.,
fr. Gr. / about + / flowing hair, foliage.]
(Bot.) Same as Perich\'91th.
Per`i*ch\'91"tous (?), a. [See
Perich\'91tium.] (Zo\'94l.)
Surrounded by set\'91; -- said of certain earthworms (genus
Perich\'91tus).
Per"i*chete (?), n. Same as
Perich\'91th.
Per`i*chon"dri*al (?), a.
(Anat.) Of or pertaining to the perichondrium;
situated around cartilage.
\'d8Per`i*chon*dri"tis (?), n.
[NL. See Perichondrium, and -itis.]
(Med.) Inflammation of the perichondrium.
\'d8Per`i*chon"dri*um (?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. / around + / cartilage.]
(Anat.) The membrane of fibrous connective tissue
which closely invests cartilage, except where covering articular
surfaces.
Per`i*chor"dal (?), a. Around
the notochord; as, a perichordal column. See
Epichordal.
{ Per"i*clase (?), Per`i*cla"site
(?), } n. [Pref. peri-
+ Gr. / to break.] (Min.) A grayish or
dark green mineral, consisting essentially of magnesia (magnesium
oxide), occurring in granular forms or in isometric
crystals.
\'d8Per`i*clin"i*um (?), n.;
pl. Periclinia (#). [NL., fr.
Gr. / around + / a bed.] (Bot.) The
involucre which surrounds the common receptacle in composite
flowers.
Pe*ric"li*tate (?), v. t. [L.
periclitatus, p.p. of periclitari, fr.
periculum.] To endanger.
[Obs.]
Periclitating, pardi! the whole family.
Sterne.
Pe*ric`li*ta"tion (?), n. [L.
periclitatio: cf. F.
p\'82riclitation.] 1. Trial;
experiment. [Obs.]
2. The state of being in peril.
[Obs.]
\'d8Pe*ric"o*pe (?), n. [L.,
section of a book, Gr. /; / around + / to cut.]
A selection or extract from a book; especially
(Theol.), a selection from the Bible, appointed to be
read in the churches or used as a text for a sermon.
Per`i*cra"ni*al (?), a.
(Anat.) Of or pertaining to the
pericranium.
Per`i*cra"ni*um (?), n.
[NL.] (Anat.) The periosteum which
covers the cranium externally; the region around the
cranium.
Pe*ric"u*lous (?), a. [L.
periculosus. See Perilous.]
Dangerous; full of peril. [Obs.]
\'d8Pe*ric"u*lum (?), n.; pl.
Pericula (#). [L.]
(Rom. & O.Eng. Law) 1. Danger;
risk.
2. In a narrower, judicial sense: Accident or
casus, as distinguished from dolus and
culpa, and hence relieving one from the duty of
performing an obligation.
Per"i*derm (?), n. 1.
(Bot.) The outer layer of bark.
2. (Zo\'94l.) The hard outer covering of
hydroids and other marine animals; the perisarc.
\'d8Per`i*di*as"to*le (?), n.
(Physiol.) The almost inappreciable time which
elapses between the systole and the diastole of the heart.
\'d8Pe*rid"i*um (?), n.; pl.
Peridia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. /
about + /, a dim. ending.] (Bot.) The
envelope or coat of certain fungi, such as the puffballs and
earthstars.
Per"i*dot (?), n. [F.
p\'82ridot.] (Min.)
Chrysolite.
Per"i*do*tite (?), n. [Cf. F.
p\'82ridotite.] (Min.) An
eruptive rock characterized by the presence of chrysolite
(peridot). It also usually contains pyroxene, enstatite,
chromite, etc. It is often altered to serpentine.
Per"i*drome (?), n. [Gr. /,
fr. / running around, fr. / to run round; / round + / to
run: cf. F. p\'82ridrome.]
(Arch\'91ol.) The space between the columns and
the wall of the cella, in a Greek or a Roman temple.
Per`i*e"cians (?), n. pl. See
Peri\'d2cians.
\'d8Per`i*en"te*ron (?), n.
[NL. See Peri-, and Enteron.]
(Anat.) The primitive perivisceral cavity.
Per"i*er`gy (?), n. [Gr. /,
fr. / overcareful; / about, beyond + / work.]
1. Excessive care or diligence.
[Obs.]
2. (Rhet.) A bombastic or labored
style. [R.]
Per`i*gan`gli*on"ic (?), a.
(Anat.) Surrounding a ganglion; as, the
periganglionic glands of the frog.
Per`i*gas"tric (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Surrounding the stomach; -- applied to
the body cavity of Bryozoa and various other Invertebrata.
Per`i*ge"an (?), a. Pertaining
to the perigee.
Perigean tides, those spring tides which occur
soon after the moon passes her perigee.
{ Per"i*gee (?), Per`i*ge"um
(?), } n. [NL.
perigeum, fr. Gr. / about, near + / the earth: cf.
F. p\'82rig\'82e.] (Astron.)
That point in the orbit of the moon which is nearest to the
earth; -- opposed to apogee. It is sometimes, but
rarely, used of the nearest points of other orbits, as of a
comet, a planet, etc. Called also epigee,
epigeum.
Per`i*gen"e*sis (?), n.
(Biol.) A theory which explains inheritance by
the transmission of the type of growth force possessed by one
generation to another.
Per`i*gen"e*tic (?), a.
(Biol.) Of or pertaining to perigenesis.
Per"i*gone (?), n. [Pref.
peri- + Gr. / productive organs.] 1.
(Bot.) (a) Any organ inclosing the
essential organs of a flower; a perianth. (b)
In mosses, the involucral bracts of a male flower.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A sac which surrounds the
generative bodies in the gonophore of a hydroid.
\'d8Per`i*go"ni*um (?), n.; pl.
Perigonia (#). [NL.]
Same as Perigone.
Per"i*gord pie` (?). [From
P\'82rigord, a former province of France.]
A pie made of truffles, much esteemed by epicures.
Per"i*graph (?), n. [Gr. /
outline; / round, about + / to write.] A careless
or inaccurate delineation of anything.
[R.]
\'d8Per`i*gyn"i*um (?), n.; pl.
Perigynia (#). [NL. See
Perigynous.] (Bot.) Some unusual
appendage about the pistil, as the bottle-shaped body in the
sedges, and the bristles or scales in some other genera of the
Sedge family, or Cyperace\'91.
Pe*rig"y*nous (?), a. [Pref.
peri- + Gr. / woman.] (Bot.)
Having the ovary free, but the petals and stamens borne on
the calyx; -- said of flower such as that of the cherry or
peach.
{ Per`i*hel"ion (?),
Per`i*he"li*um (?), } n.;
pl. Perihelia (#). [NL., fr.
Gr. / about, near + / the sun.] (Astron.)
That point of the orbit of a planet or comet which is
nearest to the sun; -- opposed to aphelion.
Per"il (?), n. [F.
p\'82ril, fr. L. periculum,
periclum, akin to peritus experienced,
skilled, and E. fare. See Fare, and cf.
Experience.] Danger; risk; hazard; jeopardy;
exposure of person or property to injury, loss, or
destruction.
In perils of waters, in perils of
robbers.
2 Cor. xi. 26.
Adventure hard
With peril great achieved.
Milton.
At, On, one's
peril, with risk or danger to one; at the hazard
of. \'bdOn thy soul's peril.\'b8
Shak.
Syn. -- Hazard; risk; jeopardy. See Danger.
Per"il, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Periled (?) or Perilled;
p. pr. & vb. n. Periling or
Perilling.] To expose to danger; to
hazard; to risk; as, to peril one's life.
Per"il (?), v. i. To be in
danger. [Obs.]
Milton.
\'d8Pe*ril"la (?), n. [Etymol.
uncertain.] (Bot.) A genus of labiate
herbs, of which one species (Perilla ocimoides, or
P. Nankinensis) is often cultivated for its purple or
variegated foliage.
Per"il*ous (?), a. [OF.
perillous, perilleus, F.
p\'82rilleux, L. periculosus. See
Peril.] [Written also
perillous.] 1. Full of, attended
with, or involving, peril; dangerous; hazardous; as, a
perilous undertaking.
Infamous hills, and sandy, perilous wilds.
Milton.
2. Daring; reckless; dangerous.
[Obs.]
Latimer.
For I am perilous with knife in hand.
Chaucer.
-- Per"il*ous*ly, adv. --
Per"il*ous*ness, n.
Per"i*lymph (?), n.
(Anat.) The fluid which surrounds the membranous
labyrinth of the internal ear, and separates it from the walls of
the chambers in which the labyrinth lies.
Per`i*lym*phan"gi*al (?), a.
(Anat.) Around, or at the side of, a lymphatic
vessel.
Per`i*lym*phat"ic (?), a.
(Anat.) (a) Pertaining to, or
containing, perilymph. (b)
Perilymphangial.
Per*im"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. /;
/ around + / measure: cf. F.
p\'82rim\'8atre.] 1. (Geom.)
The outer boundary of a body or figure, or the sum of all
the sides.
2. An instrument for determining the extent and
shape of the field of vision.
{ Per`i*met"ric (?),
Per`i*met"ric*al (?), } a.
Of or pertaining to the perimeter, or to perimetry; as,
a perimetric chart of the eye.
Per*im"e*try (?), n. The art of
using the perimeter; measurement of the field of vision.
Per"i*morph (?), n. [Pref.
peri- + Gr. / form.] (Min.) A
crystal of one species inclosing one of another species. See
Endomorph.
Per`i*my"sial (?), a.
(Anat.) (a) Surrounding a muscle or
muscles. (b) Of or pertaining to the
perimysium.
\'d8Per`i*my"si*um (?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. / about + / muscle.]
(Anat.) The connective tissue sheath which
surrounds a muscle, and sends partitions inwards between the
bundles of muscular fibers.
\'d8Per`i*n\'91"um (?), n. See
Perineum.
Per`i*ne"al (?), a.
(Anat.) Of or pertaining to the perineum.
Per`i*ne"o*plas`ty (?), n.
[Perineum + -plasty.]
(Med.) The act or process of restoring an injured
perineum.
Per`i*ne*or"rha*phy (?), n.
[Perineum + Gr. / to sew.]
(Med.) The operation of sewing up a ruptured
perineum.
\'d8Per`i*ne*phri"tis (?), n.
[NL. See Peri-, and Nephritis.]
(Med.) Inflammation of the cellular tissue around
the kidney. -- Per`i*ne*phrit"ic,
a.
\'d8Per`i*ne"um (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. /, /.] (Anat.) The region which
is included within the outlet of the pelvis, and is traversed by
the urinogenital canal and the rectum.
Per`i*neu"ri*al (?), a.
(Anat.) Surrounding nerves or nerve fibers; of or
pertaining to the perineurium.
\'d8Per`i*neu"ri*um (?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. / about + / a nerve.]
(Anat.) The connective tissue sheath which
surrounds a bundle of nerve fibers. See Epineurium, and
Neurilemma.
Per`i*nu"cle*ar (?), a.
(Biol.) Of or pertaining to a nucleus; situated
around a nucleus; as, the perinuclear
protoplasm.
Pe"ri*od (?), n. [L.
periodus, Gr. / a going round, a way round, a
circumference, a period of time; / round, about + / a way:
cf. F. p\'82riode.] 1. A portion
of time as limited and determined by some recurring phenomenon,
as by the completion of a revolution of one of the heavenly
bodies; a division of time, as a series of years, months, or
days, in which something is completed, and ready to recommence
and go on in the same order; as, the period of the
sun, or the earth, or a comet.
2. Hence: A stated and recurring interval of time;
more generally, an interval of time specified or left indefinite;
a certain series of years, months, days, or the like; a time; a
cycle; an age; an epoch; as, the period of the Roman
republic.
How by art to make plants more lasting than their ordinary
period.
Bacon.
3. (Geol.) One of the great divisions of
geological time; as, the Tertiary period; the
Glacial period. See the Chart of
Geology.
4. The termination or completion of a revolution,
cycle, series of events, single event, or act; hence, a limit; a
bound; an end; a conclusion.
Bacon.
So spake the archangel Michael; then paused,
As at the world's great period.
Milton.
Evils which shall never end till eternity hath a
period.
Jer. Taylor.
This is the period of my ambition.
Shak.
5. (Rhet.) A complete sentence, from one
full stop to another; esp., a well-proportioned, harmonious
sentence. \'bdDevolved his rounded periods.\'b8
Tennyson.
Periods are beautiful when they are not too
long.
B. Johnson.
period, according to Heyse, is a
compound sentence consisting of a protasis and apodosis;
according to Becker, it is the appropriate form for the
co\'94rdinate propositions related by antithesis or
causality.
Gibbs.
6. (Print.) The punctuation point [.]
that marks the end of a complete sentence, or of an abbreviated
word.
7. (Math.) One of several similar sets
of figures or terms usually marked by points or commas placed at
regular intervals, as in numeration, in the extraction of roots,
and in circulating decimals.
<-- p. 1067 -->
8. (Med.) The time of the exacerbation
and remission of a disease, or of the paroxysm and
intermission.
9. (Mus.) A complete musical
sentence.
The period, the present or current time, as
distinguished from all other times.
Syn. -- Time; date; epoch; era; age; duration; limit; bound;
end; conclusion; determination.
Pe"ri*od (?), v. t. To put an
end to. [Obs.]
Shak.
Pe"ri*od, v. i. To come to a period; to
conclude. [Obs.] \'bdYou may period upon
this, that,\'b8 etc.
Felthman.
Per*i"o*date (?), n.
(Chem.) A salt of periodic acid.
Per`i*od"ic (?), a. [Pref.
per- + iodic.] (Chem.)
Pertaining to, derived from, or designating, the highest
oxygen acid (HIO/) of iodine.
{ Pe`ri*od"ic (?), Pe`ri*od"ic*al
(?), } a. [L.
periodicus, Gr. /: cf. F.
p\'82riodique.] 1. Of or
pertaining to a period or periods, or to division by
periods.
The periodicaltimes of all the satellites.
Sir J. Herschel.
2. Performed in a period, or regular revolution;
proceeding in a series of successive circuits; as, the
periodical motion of the planets round the
sun.
3. Happening, by revolution, at a stated time;
returning regularly, after a certain period of time; acting,
happening, or appearing, at fixed intervals; recurring; as,
periodical epidemics.
The periodic return of a plant's flowering.
Henslow.
To influence opinion through the periodical
press.
Courthope.
4. (Rhet.) Of or pertaining to a period;
constituting a complete sentence.
Periodic comet (Astron.), a comet
that moves about the sun in an elliptic orbit; a comet that has
been seen at two of its approaches to the sun. --
Periodic function (Math.), a function
whose values recur at fixed intervals as the variable uniformly
increases. The trigonomertic functions, as sin x, tan
x, etc., are periodic functions. Exponential functions
are also periodic, having an imaginary period, and the elliptic
functions have not only a real but an imaginary period, and are
hence called doubly periodic. -- Periodic
law (Chem.), the generalization that the
properties of the chemical elements are periodic functions of
their atomic wieghts. \'bdIn other words, if the elements are
grouped in the order of their atomic weights, it will be found
that nearly the same properties recur periodically throughout the
entire series.\'b8 The following tabular arrangement of the
atomic weights shows the regular recurrence of groups (under I.,
II., III., IV., etc.), each consisting of members of the same
natural family. The gaps in the table indicate the probable
existence of unknown elements.
<-- only the first column of the table is entered here, remainder
needs to be entered -->
TABLE OF THE PERIODIC LAW OF THE CHEMICAL
ELEMENTS
(The vertical columns contain the periodic
groups)
Series1{ 2{ 3{ 4{ 5{ 6{ 7{
8{ 9{ 10{ 11{ 12{
--------------------------------------------------------------
|I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII.
| RH4 RH3 RH3 RH
|R2O RO R3O3 RO2 R2O5 RO3 R2O7 RO4
--------------------------------------------------------------
H
1
Li
7
Na
23
K
39
(Cu)
63
Rb
85.2
(Ag)
(108)
Cs
133
(-)
(-)
(Au)
(197)
(-)
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Mendelejeff's law. Important extensions of it were
also made by L. Meyer. By this means Mendelejeff predicted with
remarkable accuracy the hypothetical elements ekaboron,
ekaluminium, and ekasilicon, afterwards discovered and named
respectively scandium, gallium, and germanium.
-- Periodic star (Astron.), a variable
star whose changes of brightness recur at fixed periods. --
Periodic time of a heavenly body (Astron.),
the time of a complete revolution of the body about the sun,
or of a satellite about its primary.
Pe`ri*od"ic*al, n. A magazine or other
publication which appears at stated or regular intervals.
Pe`ri*od"ic*al*ist, n. One who
publishes, or writes for, a periodical.
Pe`ri*od"ic*al*ly, adv. In a periodical
manner.
Pe`ri*od"ic*al*ness, n.
Periodicity.
Pe`ri*o*dic"i*ty (?), n.; pl.
Periodicities (#). [Cf. F.
p\'82riodicit\'82.] The quality or state of
being periodical, or regularly recurrent; as, the
periodicity in the vital phenomena of plants.
Henfrey.
Per*i"o*dide (?), n. [Pref.
per- + iodide.] An iodide
containing a higher proportion of iodine than any other iodide of
the same substance or series.
Per`i*o*don"tal (?), a. [Pref.
peri- + Gr. /, /, tooth.] (Anat.)
Surrounding the teeth.
Pe`ri*od"o*scope (?), n.
[Period + -scope.]
(Med.) A table or other means for calculating the
periodical functions of women.
Dunglison.
{ \'d8Per`i*\'d2"ci, Per`i*\'d2"cians,
} n. pl. [NL. perioeci, fr. Gr.
/; / around + / house, dwelling.] Those who live
on the same parallel of latitude but on opposite meridians, so
that it is noon in one place when it is midnight in the other.
Compare Ant\'d2ci.
Per"i*o*ple (?), n. [F.
p\'82riople, from Gr. / about + / the hoof of a
horse.] (Anat.) The external smooth horny
layer of the hoof of the horse and allied animals.
Per`i*op"lic (?), a.
(Anat.) Of or pertaining to the periople;
connected with the periople.
Per`i*os"te*al (?), a.
(Anat.) Situated around bone; of or pertaining to
the periosteum.
\'d8Per`i*os"te*um (?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. / round the bones; / around + / a bone:
cf. L. periosteon.] (Anat.) The
membrane of fibrous connective tissue which closely invests all
bones except at the articular surfaces.
\'d8Per`i*os*ti"tis (?), n.
[NL. See Periosteum, and -itis.]
(Med.) Inflammation of the periosteum.
\'d8Per`i*os"tra*cum (?), n.;
pl. Periostraca (#). [NL.,
fr. Gr. / around + / shell of a testacean.]
(Zo\'94l.) A chitinous membrane covering the
exterior of many shells; -- called also
epidermis.
Per`i*o"tic (?), a. [Pref.
peri- + Gr. /, /, the ear.]
(Anat.) Surrounding, or pertaining to the region
surrounding, the internal ear; as, the periotic
capsule. -- n. A periotic
bone.
Per`i*pa*te"cian (?), n. A
peripatetic. [Obs.]
Per`i*pa*tet"ic (?), a. [L.
peripateticus, Gr. /, fr. / to walk about; /
about + / to walk: cf. F.
p\'82ripat\'82tique.] 1. Walking
about; itinerant.
2. Of or pertaining to the philosophy taught by
Aristotle (who gave his instructions while walking in the Lyceum
at Athens), or to his followers. \'bdThe true
peripatetic school.\'b8
Howell.
Per`i*pa*tet"ic, n. 1. One who
walks about; a pedestrian; an itinerant.
Tatler.
2. A disciple of Aristotle; an Aristotelian.
Per`i*pa*tet"ic*al (?), a.
Peripatetic. [R.]
Hales.
Per`i*pa*tet"i*cism (?), n.
[Cf. F. p\'82ripat\'82tisme.] The
doctrines or philosophical system of the peripatetics. See
Peripatetic, n., 2.
Lond. Sat. Rev.
\'d8Pe*rip"a*tus (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. / a walking about.] (Zo\'94l.) A
genus of lowly organized arthropods, found in South Africa,
Australia, and tropical America. It constitutes the order
Malacopoda.
Per`i*pet"al*ous (?), a.
(Bot.) Surrounding, or situated about, the
petals.
Pe*riph"er*al (?), a. 1.
Of or pertaining to a periphery; constituting a periphery;
peripheric.
2. (Anat.) External; away from the
center; as, the peripheral portion of the nervous
system.
{ Per`i*pher"ic (?),
Per`i*pher"ic*al (?), } a.
[Cf. F. p\'82riph\'82rique. See
Periphery.] See Peripheral.
Pe*riph"er*y (?), n.; pl.
Peripheries (#). [L.
peripheria, Gr. /; / around + / to bear, carry:
cf. F. p\'82riph\'82rie.] 1. The
outside or superficial portions of a body; the surface.
2. (Geom.) The circumference of a
circle, ellipse, or other figure.
Per"i*phrase (?), n. [L.
periphrasis, Gr. /, fr. / to think about, to be
expressed periphrastically; / + / to speak: cf. F.
p\'82riphrase. See Phrase.]
(Rhet.) The use of more words than are necessary
to express the idea; a roundabout, or indirect, way of speaking;
circumlocution. \'bdTo describe by enigmatic
periphrases.\'b8
De Quincey.
Per"i*phrase, v. t. [imp. &
p. p. Periphrased (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Periphrasing.] [Cf. F.
p\'82riphraser.] To express by periphrase
or circumlocution.
Per"i*phrase, v. i. To use
circumlocution.
\'d8Pe*riph"ra*sis (?), n.; pl.
Periphrases (#). [L.]
See Periphrase.
{ Per`i*phras"tic (?),
Per`i*phras"tic*al (?), } a.
[Gr. /: cf. F. p\'82riphrastique.]
Expressing, or expressed, in more words than are necessary;
characterized by periphrase; circumlocutory.
Periphrastic conjugation (Gram.), a
conjugation formed by the use of the simple verb with one or more
auxiliaries.
Per`i*phras"tic*al*ly, adv. With
circumlocution.
Per"i*plast (?), n. [Pref.
peri- + Gr. / to mold, form.]
(Biol.) Same as Periblast. --
Per`i*plas"tic (#),
a.
Huxley.
{ \'d8Per`ip*neu*mo"ni*a (?),
Per`ip*neu"mo*ny (?), } n.
[L. peripneumonia, Gr. /: cf. F.
p\'82ripneumonie. See Peri-,
Pneumonia.] (Med.)
Pneumonia. (Obsoles.)
<-- sic. why is this mark in parentheses rather than brackets?
-->
Per`ip*neu*mon"ic (?), a. [L.
peripneumonicus, Gr. /: cf. F.
p\'82ripneumonique.] (Med.) Of
or pertaining to peripneumonia.
Per"i*proct (?), n. [Pref.
peri- + Gr. / the anus.] (Zo\'94l.)
The region surrounding the anus, particularly of
echinoderms.
\'d8Per`i*proc*ti"tis (?), n.
[NL. See Peri-, and Proctitus.]
(Med.) Inflammation of the tissues about the
rectum.
Pe*rip"ter*al (?), a. [Gr., fr.
/ + / feather, wing, row of columns.]
(Arch.) Having columns on all sides; -- said of
an edifice. See Apteral.
Pe*rip"ter*ous (?), a. 1.
(Arch.) Peripteral.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Feathered all
around.
Per"i*sarc (?), n. [Pref.
peri- + Gr. /, /, flesh.]
(Zo\'94l.) The outer, hardened integument which
covers most hydroids.
Pe*ris"cian (?), a. [Gr. /;
/ around + / shadow: cf. F. p\'82riscien.]
Having the shadow moving all around.
{ Pe*ris"cians (?),
\'d8Pe*ris"ci*i (?), } n. pl.
[NL. See Periscian.] Those who live
within a polar circle, whose shadows, during some summer days,
will move entirely round, falling toward every point of the
compass.
Per"i*scope (?), n. [Pref.
peri- + -scope.] A general or
comprehensive view. [R.]
Per`i*scop"ic (?), a. [Cf. F.
p\'82riscopique.] Viewing all around, or on
all sides.
Periscopic spectacles (Opt.),
spectacles having concavo-convex or convexo-concave lenses
with a considerable curvature corresponding to that of the eye,
to increase the distinctness of objects viewed
obliquely.
Per"ish (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Perished
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Perishing.] [OE. perissen,
perisshen, F. p\'82rir, p.pr.
p\'82rissant, L. perire to go or run
through, come to nothing, perish; per through +
ire to go. Cf. Issue, and see
-ish.] To be destroyed; to pass away; to
become nothing; to be lost; to die; hence, to wither; to waste
away.
I perish with hunger!
Luke xv. 17.
Grow up and perish, as the summer fly.
Milton.
The thoughts of a soul that perish in thinking.
Locke.
Per"ish, v. t. To cause perish.
[Obs.]
Bacon.
Per`ish*a*bil"i*ty (?), n.
Perishableness.
Per"ish*a*ble (?), a. [F.
p\'82rissable.] Liable to perish; subject
to decay, destruction, or death; as, perishable
goods; our perishable bodies.
Per"ish*a*ble*ness, n. The quality or
state of being perishable; liability to decay or
destruction.
Locke.
Per"ish*a*bly, adv. In a perishable
degree or manner.
Per"ish*ment (?), n. [Cf. OF.
perissement.] The act of perishing.
[R.]
Udall.
\'d8Per`i*so"ma (?), n.; pl.
Perisomata (#). [NL.]
(Zo\'94l.) Same as Perisome.
Per"i*some (?), n. [Pref.
peri- + -some body.]
(Zo\'94l.) The entire covering of an invertebrate
animal, as echinoderm or c\'d2lenterate; the integument.
Per"i*sperm (?), n. [F.
p\'82risperme. See Peri-, and
Sperm.] (Bot.) The albumen of a
seed, especially that portion which is formed outside of the
embryo sac. -- Per`i*sper"mic
(#), a.
{ Per`i*spher"ic (?),
Per`i*spher"ic*al (?), } a.
Exactly spherical; globular.
\'d8Per`i*spom"e*non (?), n.;
pl. Perispomena (#). [NL.,
from Gr. /, pr. pass. p. of / to draw around, to circumflex;
/ around + / to draw.] (Gr. Gram.) A
word which has the circumflex accent on the last syllable.
Goodwin.
Per"i*spore (?), n.
(Bot.) The outer covering of a spore.
Per"is*sad (?), a. [Gr. /
odd, from / over.] (Chem.) Odd; not even;
-- said of elementary substances and of radicals whose valence is
not divisible by two without a remainder. Contrasted with
artiad.<-- ? not in modern usage -->
Per"isse (?), v. i. To
perish. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Per`is*so*dac"tyl (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) One of the Perissodactyla.
\'d8Per`is*so*dac"ty*la (?), n. pl.
[NL., from Gr. / odd (fr. / over) + / finger.]
(Zo\'94l.) A division of ungulate mammals,
including those that have an odd number of toes, as the horse,
tapir, and rhinoceros; -- opposed to
Artiodactyla.
Per`is*so*log"ic*al (?), a.
[Cf. F. p\'82rissologique.] Redundant
or excessive in words. [R.]
Per`is*sol"o*gy (?), n. [L.
perissologia, Gr. /; / odd, superfluous + /
discourse.] Superfluity of words.
[R.]
G. Campbell.
\'d8Per`i*stal"sis (?), n. [NL.
See Peristaltic.] (Physiol.)
Peristaltic contraction or action.
Per`i*stal"tic (?), a. [Gr. /
clasping and compressing, fr. / to surround, wrap up; / round
+ / to place, arrange: cf. F.
p\'82ristaltique.] (Physiol.)
Applied to the peculiar wormlike wave motion of the
intestines and other similar structures, produced by the
successive contraction of the muscular fibers of their walls,
forcing their contents onwards; as, peristaltic
movement. -- Per`i*stal"tic*al*ly
(#), adv.
\'d8Per`is*te"ri*a (?), n. [NL.
See Peristerion.] (Bot.) A genus
of orchidaceous plants. See Dove plant.
\'d8Per`is*te"ri*on (?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. / a dovecote, a kind of verbena, fr. / a
dove, pigeon; cf. L. peristereon.]
(Bot.) The herb vervain (Verbena
officinalis).
Pe*ris"ter*ite (?), n. [Gr. /
a pigeon.] (Min.) A variety of albite,
whitish and slightly iridescent like a pigeon's neck.
Pe*ris`ter*o*mor"phous (?), a.
[Gr. / a pigeon + -morphous.]
(Zo\'94l.) Like or pertaining to the pigeons or
Columb\'91.
Pe*ris`ter*op"o*dous (?), a.
[Gr. / a pigeon + /, /, foot.]
(Zo\'94l.) Having pigeonlike feet; -- said of
those gallinaceous birds that rest on all four toes, as the
curassows and megapods.
Pe*ris"to*le (?), n. [NL.: cf.
F. p\'82ristole. See Peristaltic.]
(Physiol.) Peristaltic action, especially of the
intestines.
\'d8Pe*ris"to*ma (?), n.; pl.
Peristomata (#). [NL.]
Same as Peristome.
<-- p. 1068 -->
Per"i*stome (?), n. [Pref.
peri- + Gr. /, /, mouth.] 1.
(Bot.) The fringe of teeth around the orifice of
the capsule of mosses. It consists of 4, 8, 16, 32, or 64 teeth,
and may be either single or double.
2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The lip, or
edge of the aperture, of a spiral shell. (b)
The membrane surrounding the mouth of an invertebrate
animal.
Per`i*sto"mi*al (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to a peristome.
\'d8Per`i*sto"mi*um (?), n.
[NL.] Same as Peristome.
Per`i*streph"ic (?), a. [Gr.
/ to turn round.] Turning around; rotatory;
revolving; as, a peristrephic painting (of a
panorama).
Per"i*style (?), n. [L.
peristylum, Gr. /, /; / about + / a column:
cf. F. p\'82ristyle.] (Arch.) A
range of columns with their entablature, etc.; specifically, a
complete system of columns, whether on all sides of a court, or
surrounding a building, such as the cella of a temple. Used in
the former sense, it gives name to the larger and inner court of
a Roman dwelling, the peristyle. See
Colonnade.
Per`i*sys"to*le (?), n. [Pref.
peri- + systole: cf. F.
p\'82risystole.] (Physiol.) The
interval between the diastole and systole of the heart. It is
perceptible only in the dying.
Pe*rite" (?), a. [L.
peritus.] Skilled.
[Obs.]
\'d8Per`i*the"ci*um (?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. / around + / box.] (Bot.)
An organ in certain fungi and lichens, surrounding and
enveloping the masses of fructification.
Henslow.
Pe*rit"o*mous (?), a. [Gr. /
cut off all around. See Peri-, and Tome.]
(Min.) Cleaving in more directions than one,
parallel to the axis.
Per`i*to*n\'91"um (?), n.
(Anat.) Same as Peritoneum.
Per`i*to*ne"al (?), a. [Cf. F.
p\'82riton\'82al.] (Anat.) Of or
pertaining to the peritoneum.
Per`i*to*ne"um (?), n. [L.
peritoneum, peritonaeum, Gr. /, /, fr.
/ to stretch all around or over; / around + / to
stretch.] (Anat.) The smooth serous
membrane which lines the cavity of the abdomen, or the whole body
cavity when there is no diaphragm, and, turning back, surrounds
the viscera, forming a closed, or nearly closed, sac.
[Written also periton\'91um.]
\'d8Per`i*to*ni"tis (?), n.
[NL. See Peritoneum, and -itis.]
(Med.) Inflammation of the peritoneum.
Per`i*tra"che*al (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Surrounding the trache\'91.
Per"i*treme (?), n. [Pref.
peri- + Gr. / a hole.] (Zo\'94l.)
(a) That part of the integument of an insect which
surrounds the spiracles. (b) The edge of the
aperture of a univalve shell.
\'d8Pe*rit"ri*cha (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / about + /, /, hair.]
(Zo\'94l.) A division of ciliated Infusoria
having a circle of cilia around the oral disk and sometimes
another around the body. It includes the vorticellas. See
Vorticella.
\'d8Per`i*tro"chi*um (?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. /; / around + / a wheel.]
(Mech.) The wheel which, together with the axle,
forms the axis in peritrochio, which see under
Axis.
Per*it"ro*pal (?), a. [Gr. /,
fr. / to turn around; / around + / to turn: cf. F.
p\'82ritrope.] 1. Rotatory;
circuitous. [R.]
2. Having the axis of the seed perpendicular to the
axis of the pericarp to which it is attached.
Per*it"ro*pous (?), a.
Peritropal.
\'d8Per`i*typh*li"tis (?), n.
[NL. See Peri-, and Typhlitis.]
(Med.) Inflammation of the connective tissue
about the c\'91cum.
Per`i*u"ter*ine (?), a.
(Med.) Surrounding the uterus.
Per`i*vas"cu*lar (?), a. Around
the blood vessels; as, perivascular
lymphatics.
Per`i*ver"te*bral (?), a.
(Anat.) Surrounding the vertebr\'91.
Per`i*vis"cer*al (?), a.
(Anat.) Around the viscera; as, the
perivisceral cavity.
Per`i*vi*tel"line (?), a.
[Pref. peri- + vitelline.]
(Biol.) Situated around the vitellus, or between
the vitellus and zona pellucida of an ovum.
Per"i*wig (?), n. [OE.
perrwige, perwicke, corrupt. fr. F.
perruque; cf. OD. peruyk, from French. See
Peruke, and cf. Wig.] A headdress of
false hair, usually covering the whole head, and representing the
natural hair; a wig.
Shak.
Per"i*wig, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Perwigged (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Perwigging (?).] To
dress with a periwig, or with false hair.
Swift.
Per"i*win`kle (?), n. [From AS.
pinewincla a shellfish, in which pine- is
fr. L. pina, pinna, a kind of mussel, akin
to Gr. /. Cf. Winkle.] (Zo\'94l.)
Any small marine gastropod shell of the genus Littorina. The
common European species (Littorina littorea), in
Europe extensively used as food, has recently become naturalized
abundantly on the American coast. See Littorina.
Fulgur carica, and F.
canaliculata.
Per"i*win`kle, n. [OE.
pervenke, AS. pervince, fr. L.
pervinca.] (Bot.) A trailing
herb of the genus Vinca.
Vinca minor) has
opposite evergreen leaves and solitary blue or white flowers in
their axils. In America it is often miscalled
myrtle. See under Myrtle.
Per"jen*et (?), n. [Cf.
Pear, and Jenneting.] A kind of
pear. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Per"jure (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Perjured
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Perjuring.] [F. parjurer, L.
perjurare, perjerare; per
through, over + jurare to swear. See
Jury.] 1. To cause to violate an
oath or a vow; to cause to make oath knowingly to what is untrue;
to make guilty of perjury; to forswear; to corrupt; -- often used
reflexively; as, he perjured himself.
Want will perjure
The ne'er-touched vestal.
Shak.
2. To make a false oath to; to deceive by oaths and
protestations. [Obs.]
And with a virgin innocence did pray
For me, that perjured her.
J. Fletcher.
Syn. -- To Perjure, Forswear.
These words have been used interchangeably; but there is
a tendency to restrict perjure to that species of
forswearing which constitutes the crime of perjury at law,
namely, the willful violation of an oath administered by a
magistrate or according to law.
Per"jure, n. [L. perjurus:
cf. OF. parjur, F. parjure.] A
perjured person. [Obs.]
Shak.
Per"jured (?), a. Guilty of
perjury; having sworn falsely; forsworn. Shak.
\'bdPerjured persons.\'b8 1 Tim. i. 10.
\'bdTheir perjured oath.\'b8 Spenser.
Per"jur*er (?), n. One who is
guilty of perjury; one who perjures or forswears, in any
sense.
{ Per*ju"ri*ous (?), Per"ju*rous
(?), } a. [L.
perjuriosus, perjurus.] Guilty
of perjury; containing perjury. [Obs.]
Quarles. B. Johnson.
Per"ju*ry (?), n.; pl.
Perjuries (#). [L.
perjurium. See Perjure, v.]
1. False swearing.
2. (Law) At common law, a willfully
false statement in a fact material to the issue, made by a
witness under oath in a competent judicial proceeding. By statute
the penalties of perjury are imposed on the making of willfully
false affirmations.
Perk (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Perked (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Perking.]
[Cf. W. percu to trim, to make smart.]
To make trim or smart; to straighten up; to erect; to make a
jaunty or saucy display of; as, to perk the ears; to
perk up one's head.
Cowper. Sherburne.
Perk, v. i. To exalt one's self; to bear
one's self loftily. \'bdTo perk over them.\'b8
Barrow.
To perk it, to carry one's self proudly or
saucily.
Pope.
Perk, a. Smart; trim; spruce; jaunty;
vain. \'bdPerk as a peacock.\'b8
Spenser.
Perk, v. i. To peer; to look
inquisitively.
Dickens.
Per"kin (?), n. A kind of weak
perry.
Per"kin*ism (?), n.
(Med.) A remedial treatment, by drawing the
pointed extremities of two rods, each of a different metal, over
the affected part; tractoration, -- first employed by Dr. Elisha
Perkins of Norwich, Conn. See
Metallotherapy.
Perk"y (?), a. Perk; pert;
jaunty; trim.
There amid perky larches and pines.
Tennyson.
Per*la"ceous (?), a. [See
Pearl.] Pearly; resembling pearl.
Per"lid (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) Any insect of the genus
Perla, or family Perlid\'91. See
Stone fly, under Stone.
Per"lite (?), n. (Min.)
Same as Pearlite.
Per*lit"ic (?), a. (Min.)
Relating to or resembling perlite, or pearlstone; as,
the perlitic structure of certain rocks. See
Pearlite.
Per"lous (?), a.
Perilous. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Per`lus*tra"tion (?), n. [L.
perlustrare to wander all through, to survey. See 3d
Luster.] The act of viewing all over.
[Archaic]
Howell.
Per"ma*na*ble (?), a.
Permanent; durable. [Obs.]
Lydgate.
{ Per"ma*nence (?), Per"ma*nen*cy
(?), } n. [Cf. F.
permanence.] The quality or state of being
permanent; continuance in the same state or place; duration;
fixedness; as, the permanence of institutions; the
permanence of nature.
Per"ma*nent (?), a. [L.
permanens, -entis, p.pr. of
permanere to stay or remain to the end, to last;
per + manere to remain: cf. F. permanent.
See Per-, and Mansion.] Continuing
in the same state, or without any change that destroys form or
character; remaining unaltered or unremoved; abiding; durable;
fixed; stable; lasting; as, a permanent
impression.
Eternity stands permanent and fixed.
Dryden.
Permanent gases (Chem. & Physics),
hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon monoxide; -- also
called incondensible ,
before their liquefaction in 1877.<-- archaic --> --
Permanent way, the roadbed and superstructure of a
finished railway; -- so called in distinction from the
contractor's temporary way. -- Permanent
white (Chem.), barium sulphate
(heavy spar), used as a white pigment or
paint, in distinction from white lead, which tarnishes
and darkens from the formation of the sulphide.
Syn. -- Lasting; durable; constant. See
Lasting.
Per"ma*nent*ly, adv. In a permanent
manner.
Per*man"ga*nate (?), n.
(Chem.) A salt of permanganic acid.
Potassium permanganate. (Chem.) See
Potassium permanganate, under
Potassium.
Per`man*gan"ic (?), a.
(Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, one of the
higher acids of manganese, HMnO4, which forms
salts called permanganates.
Per*man"sion (?), n. [L.
permansio. See Permanent.]
Continuance. [Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
Per`me*a*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf.
F. perm\'82abilit\'82.] The quality or
state of being permeable.
Magnetic permeability (Physics),
the specific capacity of a body for magnetic induction, or
its conducting power for lines of magnetic force.
Sir W. Thomson.
Per"me*a*ble (?), a. [L.
permeabilis: cf. F. perm\'82able. See
Permeate.] Capable of being permeated, or
passed through; yielding passage; passable; penetrable; -- used
especially of substances which allow the passage of fluids;
as, wood is permeable to oil; glass is
permeable to light.
I. Taylor.
Per"me*a*bly, adv. In a permeable
manner.
Per"me*ant (?), a. [L.
permeans, p.pr.] Passing through;
permeating. [R.]
Sir T. Browne.
Per"me*ate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Permeated
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Permeating.] [L. permeatus,
p.p. of permeare to permeate; per + meare
to go, pass.] 1. To pass through the pores or
interstices of; to penetrate and pass through without causing
rupture or displacement; -- applied especially to fluids which
pass through substances of loose texture; as, water
permeates sand.
Woodward.
2. To enter and spread through; to pervade.
God was conceived to be diffused throughout the whole world,
to permeate and pervade all things.
Cudworth.
Per`me*a"tion (?), n. The act
of permeating, passing through, or spreading throughout, the
pores or interstices of any substance.
Here is not a mere involution only, but a spiritual
permeation and inexistence.
Bp. Hall.
Per"mi*an (?), a. [From the
ancient kingdom of Permia, where the Permian formation
exists.] (Geol.) Belonging or relating to
the period, and also to the formation, next following the
Carboniferous, and regarded as closing the Carboniferous age and
Paleozoic era. -- n. The Permian
period. See Chart of Geology.
Per"mi*ans (?), n. pl.; sing.
Permian (/).
(Ethnol.) A tribe belonging to the Finnic race,
and inhabiting a portion of Russia.
Per*mis"ci*ble (?), a. [L.
permiscere to mingle; per + miscere to
mix.] Capable of being mixed.
Per*miss" (?), n. [See
Permit.] A permitted choice; a rhetorical
figure in which a thing is committed to the decision of one's
opponent. [Obs.]
Milton.
Per*mis`si*bil"i*ty (?), n. The
quality of being permissible; permissibleness;
allowableness.
Per*mis"si*ble (?), a. That may
be permitted; allowable; admissible. --
Per*mis"si*ble*ness, n. --
Per*mis"si*bly, adv.
Per*mis"sion (?), n. [L.
permissio: cf. F. permission. See
Permit.] The act of permitting or allowing;
formal consent; authorization; leave; license or liberty
granted.
High permission of all-ruling Heaven.
Milton.
You have given me your permission for this
address.
Dryden.
Syn. -- Leave; liberty; license. --
Leave, Permission. Leave implies
that the recipient may decide whether to use the license granted
or not. Permission is the absence on the part of
another of anything preventive, and in general, at least by
implication, signifies approval.
Per*mis"sive (?), a. 1.
Permitting; granting leave or liberty. \'bdBy his
permissive will.\'b8
Milton.
2. Permitted; tolerated; suffered.
Milton.
Per*mis"sive*ly, adv. In a permissive
manner.
Per*mis"tion (?), n. [L.
permistio, permixtio, fr.
permiscere, permistum, and
permixtum. See Permiscible.] The
act of mixing; the state of being mingled; mixture.
[Written also permixtion.]
Per*mit" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Permitted; p.
pr. & vb. n. Permitting.] [L.
permittere, permissum, to let through, to
allow, permit; per + mittere to let go, send. See
Per-, and Mission.] 1. To
consent to; to allow or suffer to be done; to tolerate; to put up
with.
What things God doth neither command nor forbid . . . he
permitteth with approbation either to be done or left
undone.
Hooker.
2. To grant (one) express license or liberty to do
an act; to authorize; to give leave; -- followed by an
infinitive.
Thou art permitted to speak for thyself.
Acis xxvi. 1.
3. To give over; to resign; to leave; to
commit.
Let us not aggravate our sorrows,
But to the gods permit the event of things.
Addison.
Syn. -- To allow; let; grant; admit; suffer; tolerate;
endure; consent to. -- To Allow,
Permit, Suffer, Tolerate. To
allow is more positive, denoting (at least originally
and etymologically) a decided assent, either directly or by
implication. To permit is more negative, and imports
only acquiescence or an abstinence from prevention. The
distinction, however, is often disregarded by good writers. To
suffer has a stronger passive or negative sense than
to permit, sometimes implying against the will,
sometimes mere indifference. To tolerate is to endure
what is contrary to will or desire. To suffer and to
tolerate are sometimes used without
discrimination.
Per*mit", v. i. To grant permission; to
allow.
Per"mit (?), n. Warrant;
license; leave; permission; specifically, a written license or
permission given to a person or persons having authority; as,
a permit to land goods subject to duty.
Per*mit"tance (?), n. The act
of permitting; allowance; permission; leave.
Milton.
Per`mit*tee" (?), n. One to
whom a permission or permit is given.
Per*mit"ter (?), n. One who
permits.
A permitter, or not a hinderer, of sin.
J. Edwards.
Per*mix" (?), v. t. To mix; to
mingle. [Obs.]
Per*mix"tion (?), n. See
Permission.
Per*mut"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F.
permutable.] Capable of being permuted;
exchangeable. -- Per*mut"a*ble*ness,
n. -- Per*mut"a*bly,
adv.
Per`mu*ta"tion (?), n. [L.
permutatio: cf. F. permutation. See
Permute.] 1. The act of permuting;
exchange of the thing for another; mutual transference;
interchange.
The violent convulsions and permutations that have
been made in property.
Burke.
2. (Math.) (a) The arrangement
of any determinate number of things, as units, objects, letters,
etc., in all possible orders, one after the other; -- called also
alternation. Cf. Combination,
n., 4. (b) Any one of such
possible arrangements.
3. (Law) Barter; exchange.
Permutation lock, a lock in which the parts
can be transposed or shifted, so as to require different
arrangements of the tumblers on different occasions of
unlocking.
<-- p. 1069 -->
Per*mute" (?), v. t. [L.
permutare, permutatum; per +
mutare to change: cf. F. permuter.]
1. To interchange; to transfer reciprocally.
2. To exchange; to barter; to traffic.
[Obs.]
Bought, trucked, permuted, or given.
Hakluyt.
Per*mut"er (?), n. One who
permutes.
Pern (?), v. t. [See
Pernancy.] To take profit of; to make
profitable. [Obs.]
Sylvester.
Pern, n. (Zo\'94l.) The honey
buzzard.
Per"nan*cy (?), n. [OF.
prenance, fr. prendre, prenre,
penre, to take, L. prendere,
prehendere.] (Law) A taking or
reception, as the receiving of rents or tithes in kind, the
receiving of profits.
Blackstone.
Per"nel (?), n. See
Pimpernel. [Obs.]
Per*ni"cion (?), n. [See 2d
Pernicious.] Destruction; perdition.
[Obs.]
hudibras.
Per*ni"cious (?), a. [L.
pernix, -icis.] Quick; swift (to
burn). [R.]
Milton.
Per*ni"cious, a. [L.
perniciosus, from pernicies destruction,
from pernecare to kill or slay outright; per +
necare to kill, slay: cf. F. pernicieux. Cf.
Nuisance, Necromancy.] Having the
quality of injuring or killing; destructive; very mischievous;
baleful; malicious; wicked.
Let this pernicious hour
Stand aye accursed in the calendar.
Shak.
Pernicious to his health.
Prescott.
Syn. -- Destructive; ruinous; deadly; noxious; injurious;
baneful; deleterious; hurtful; mischievous.
-- Per*ni"cious*ly, adv., --
Per*ni"cious*ness, n.
Per*nic"i*ty (?), n. [L.
pernicitas. See 1st Pernicious.]
Swiftness; celerity. [R.]
Ray.
\'d8Per"ni*o (?), n. [L.]
(Med.) A chilblain.
Per`noc*ta"li*an (?), n. One
who watches or keeps awake all night.
Per`noc*ta"tion (?), n. [L.
pernoctatio, fr. pernoctare to stay all
night; per + nox, noctis, night.]
The act or state of passing the whole night; a remaining all
night. \'bdPernoctation in prayer.\'b8
Jer. Taylor.
Per"nor (?), n. [See
Pern, v.] (Law) One who
receives the profits, as of an estate.
Per"not fur"nace (?). [So called from
Charles Pernot, its inventor.] A
reverberatory furnace with a circular revolving hearth, -- used
in making steel.
Per"ny*i moth" (?). (Zo\'94l.)
A silk-producing moth (Attacus Pernyi) which
feeds upon the oak. It has been introduced into Europe and
America from China.
Per*of"skite (?), n. [From von
Perovski, of St.Petersburg.] (Min.)
A titanate of lime occurring in octahedral or cubic
crystals. [Written also
Perovskite.]
Pe*rogue (?), n. See
Pirogue.
Per"o*nate (?), a. [L.
peronatus rough/booted, fr. pero,
-onis, a kind of rough boot.] (Bot.)
A term applied to the stipes or stalks of certain fungi
which are covered with a woolly substance which at length becomes
powdery.
Henslow.
Per`o*ne"al (?), a. [Gr. /
the fibula.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to
the fibula; in the region of the fibula.
Per"o*rate (?), v. i. [See
Peroration.] To make a peroration; to
harangue. [Colloq.]
Per`o*ra"tion (?), n. [L.
peroratio, fr. perorate,
peroratum, to speak from beginning to end; per +
orate to speak. See Per-, and
Oration.] (Rhet.) The concluding
part of an oration; especially, a final summing up and
enforcement of an argument.
Burke.
Per*ox`i*da"tion (?), n. Act,
process, or result of peroxidizing; oxidation to a
peroxide.
Per*ox"ide (?), n.
(Chem.) An oxide containing more oxygen than some
other oxide of the same element. Formerly peroxides were regarded
as the highest oxides. Cf. Per-, 2.
Per*ox"i*dize (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Peroxidized
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Peroxidizing.] (Chem.) To
oxidize to the utmost degree, so as to form a peroxide.
Per*pend" (?), v. t. [L.
perpendere, perpensum; per +
pendere to weight.] To weight carefully in the
mind. [R.] \'bdPerpend my
words.\'b8
Shak.
Per*pend", v. i. To attend; to be
attentive. [R.]
Shak.
Per*pend"er (?), n. [F.
parpaing, pierre parpaigne; of uncertain
origin.] (Masonry) A large stone reaching
through a wall so as to appear on both sides of it, and acting as
a binder; -- called also perbend,
perpend stone, and perpent
stone.
Per*pen"di*cle (?), n. [L.
perpendiculum; per + pendere to hang: cf.
F. perpendicule.] Something hanging
straight down; a plumb line. [Obs.]
Per`pen*dic"u*lar (?), a. [L.
perpendicularis, perpendicularius: cf. F.
perpendiculaire. See Perpendicle,
Pension.] 1. Exactly upright or
vertical; pointing to the zenith; at right angles to the plane of
the horizon; extending in a right line from any point toward the
center of the earth.
2. (Geom.) At right angles to a given
line or surface; as, the line ad is
perpendicular to the line bc.
Perpendicular style (Arch.), a name
given to the latest variety of English Gothic architecture, which
prevailed from the close of the 14th century to the early part of
the 16th; -- probably so called from the vertical style of its
window mullions.
Per`pen*dic"u*lar (?), n.
1. A line at right angles to the plane of the
horizon; a vertical line or direction.
2. (Geom.) A line or plane falling at
right angles on another line or surface, or making equal angles
with it on each side.
Per`pen*dic`u*lar"i*ty (?), n.
[Cf. F. perpendicularit\'82.] The
quality or state of being perpendicular.
Per`pen*dic"u*lar*ly (?), adv.
In a perpendicular manner; vertically.
Per"pend stone` (?). See
Perpender.
Per*pen"sion (?), n. [See
Perpend.] Careful consideration;
pondering. [Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
Per*pen"si*ty (?), n.
Perpension. [Obs.]
Per"pent stone` (?). See
Perpender.
Per*pes"sion (?), n. [L.
perpessio, fr. perpeti,
perpessus, to bear steadfastly; per + pati
to bear.] Suffering; endurance.
[Obs.]
Bp. Pearson.
Per"pe*tra"ble (?), a. Capable
of being perpetrated.
R. North.
Per"pe*trate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Perpetrated
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Perpetrating.] [L.
perpetratus, p.p. of perpetrare to effect,
perpetrare; per + patrare to perform.] To
do or perform; to carry through; to execute, commonly in a bad
sense; to commit (as a crime, an offense); to be guilty of;
as, to perpetrate a foul deed.
What the worst perpetrate, or best endure.
Young.
Per`pe*tra"tion (?), n. [L.
perpetratio: cf. F. perp\'82tration.]
1. The act of perpetrating; a doing; -- commonly
used of doing something wrong, as a crime.
2. The thing perpetrated; an evil action.
Per"pe*tra`tor (?), n.
[L.] One who perpetrates; esp., one who commits
an offense or crime.
Per*pet"u*a*ble (?), a. Capable
of being perpetuated or continued.
Varieties are perpetuable, like species.
Gray.
Per*pet"u*al (?), a. [OE.
perpetuel, F. perp\'82tuel, fr. L.
perpetualis, fr. perpetuus continuing
throughout, continuous, fr. perpes, -etis,
lasting throughout.] Neverceasing; continuing forever
or for an unlimited time; unfailing; everlasting;
continuous.
Unto the kingdom of perpetual night.
Shak.
Perpetual feast of nectared sweets.
Milton.
Circle of perpetual apparition, occultation. See under
Circle. -- Perpetual calendar, a
calendar so devised that it may be adjusted for any month or
year. -- Perpetual curacy (Ch. of
Eng.), a curacy in which all the tithes are
appropriated, and no vicarage is endowed.
Blackstone. -- Perpetual motion. See
under Motion. -- Perpetual screw.
See Endless screw, under
Screw.
Syn. -- Continual; unceasing; endless; everlasting;
incessant; constant; eternal. See Constant.
Per*pet"u*al*ly, adv. In a perpetual
manner; constantly; continually.
The Bible and Common Prayer Book in the vulgar tongue, being
perpetually read in churches, have proved a kind of
standard for language.
Swift.
Per*pet"u*al*ty (?), n. The
state or condition of being perpetual. [Obs.]
Testament of Love.
Per*pet"u*ance (?), n.
Perpetuity. [Obs.]
Per*pet"u*ate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Perpetuated
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Perpetuating.] [L.
perpetuatus, p.p. of perpetuare to
perpetuate. See Perpetual.] To make
perpetual; to cause to endure, or to be continued, indefinitely;
to preserve from extinction or oblivion; to eternize.
Addison. Burke.
Per*pet"u*ate (?), a. [L.
perpetuatus, p.p.] Made perpetual;
perpetuated. [R.]
Southey.
Per*pet`u*a"tion (?), n. [Cf.
F. perp\'82tuation.] The act of making
perpetual, or of preserving from extinction through an endless
existence, or for an indefinite period of time;
continuance.
Sir T. Browne.
Per`pe*tu"i*ty (?), n. [L.
perpetuitas: cf. F.
perp\'82tuit\'82.] 1. The quality
or state of being perpetual; as, the perpetuity of
laws.
Bacon.
A path to perpetuity of fame.
Byron.
The perpetuity of single emotion is insanity.
I. Taylor.
2. Something that is perpetual.
South.
3. Endless time. \'bdAnd yet we should, for
perpetuity, go hence in debt.\'b8
Shak.
4. (Annuities) (a) The number
of years in which the simple interest of any sum becomes equal to
the principal. (b) The number of years'
purchase to be given for an annuity to continue forever.
(c) A perpetual annuity.
5. (Law) (a) Duration without
limitations as to time. (b) The quality or
condition of an estate by which it becomes inalienable, either
perpetually or for a very long period; also, the estate itself so
modified or perpetuated.
Per*plex" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Perplexed
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Perplexing.] [L. perplexari.
See Perplex, a.] 1. To
involve; to entangle; to make intricate or complicated, and
difficult to be unraveled or understood; as, to
perplex one with doubts.
No artful wildness to perplex the scene.
Pope.
What was thought obscure, perplexed, and too hard
for our weak parts, will lie open to the understanding in a fair
view.
Locke.
2. To embarrass; to puzzle; to distract; to
bewilder; to confuse; to trouble with ambiguity, suspense, or
anxiety. \'bdPerplexd beyond
self-explication.\'b8
Shak.
We are perplexed, but not in despair.
2 Cor. iv. 8.
We can distinguish no general truths, or at least shall be apt
to perplex the mind.
Locke.
3. To plague; to vex; to tormen.
Glanvill.
Syn. -- To entangle; involve; complicate; embarrass; puzzle;
bewilder; confuse; distract. See Embarrass.
Per*plex", a. [L. perplexus
entangled, intricate; per + plectere,
plexum, to plait, braid: cf. F. perplexe.
See Per-, and Plait.] Intricate;
difficult. [Obs.]
Glanvill.
Per*plexed" (?), a. Entangled,
involved, or confused; hence, embarrassd; puzzled; doubtful;
anxious. -- Per*plex"ed*ly
(#), adv. -- Per*plex"ed*ness,
n.
Per*plex"ing (?), a.
Embarrassing; puzzling; troublesome.
\'bdPerplexing thoughts.\'b8
Milton.
Per*plex"i*ty (?), n.; pl.
Perplexities (#). [L.
perplexitas: cf. F. perplexit\'82.]
The quality or state of being perplexed or puzzled;
complication; intricacy; entanglement; distraction of mind
through doubt or difficulty; embarrassment; bewilderment;
doubt.
By their own perplexities involved,
They ravel more.
Milton.
Per*plex"ive*ness (?), n. The
quality of being perplexing; tendency to perplex.
[Obs.]
Dr. H. More.
Per*plex"ly, adv. Perplexedly.
[Obs.]
Milton.
Per`po*ta"tion (?), n. [L.
perpotatio, fr. perpotate. See
Per-, and Potation.] The act of
drinking excessively; a drinking bout. [Obs.]
Per"qui*site (?), n. [L.
perquisitum, fr. perquisitus, p.p. of
perquirere to ask for diligently; per +
quaerere to seek. See Per-, and
Quest.] 1. Something gained from a
place or employment over and above the ordinary salary or fixed
wages for services rendered; especially, a fee allowed by law to
an officer for a specific service.
The pillage of a place taken by storm was regarded as the
perquisite of the soldiers.
Prescott.
The best perquisites of a place are the advantages
it gaves a man of doing good.
Addison.
2. pl. (Law) Things gotten
by a man's own industry, or purchased with his own money, as
opposed to things which come to him by descent.
Mozley & W.
Per"qui*sit*ed, a. Supplied with
perquisites. [Obs.] \'bdPerquisited
varlets frequent stand.\'b8
Savage.
Per`qui*si"tion (?), n. [Cf. F.
perquisition.] A thorough inquiry of
search. [R.]
Berkeley.
Per*ra"di*al (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Situated around the radii, or radial
tubes, of a radiate.
Per"rie (?), n. [F.
pierreries, pl., fr. pierre stone, L.
petra.] Precious stones; jewels.
[Obs.] [Written also perre,
perrye, etc.]
Chaucer.
Per"ri*er (?), n. [OF.
perriere, perrier, F. perrier.
Cf. Pederero.] (Mil.) A short
mortar used formerly for throwing stone shot.
Hakluyt.
Per`ro*quet" (?), n. [F.]
(Zo\'94l.) See Paroquet,
Parakeet.
\'d8Per`ruque" (?), n.
[F.] See Peruke.
Per*ru"qui*er (?), n.
[F.] A marker of perukes or wigs.
Per"ry (?), n. [OF.
per\'82, F. poir\'82, fr. poire
a pear, L. pirum. See Pear the fruit.]
A fermented liquor made from pears; pear cider.
Mortimer.
Per"ry, n. A suddent squall. See
Pirry. [Obs.]
Pers (?), a. [F.
pers.] Light blue; grayish blue; -- a term
applied to different shades at different periods. --
n. A cloth of sky-blue color.
[Obs.] \'bdA long surcoat of
pers.\'b8
Chaucer.
Per"salt` (?), n. (Chem.)
A term formerly given to the salts supposed to be formed
respectively by neutralizing acids with certain peroxides.
[Obsoles.]
Per"sant (?), a. [F.
per\'87ant, p.pr. of percer to
pierce.] Piercing. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Per`scru*ta"tion (?), n. [L.
perscrutatio, fr. perscrutari to search
through.] A thorough searching; a minute inquiry or
scrutiny.
Carlyle
Per"se*cot (?), n. See
Persicot.
Per"se*cute (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Persecuted
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Persecuting.] [F.
pers\'82cueter, L. persequi,
persecutus, to pursue, prosecute; per +
sequi to follow, pursue. See Per-, and
Second.] 1. To pursue in a manner to
injure, grieve, or afflict; to beset with cruelty or malignity;
to harass; especially, to afflict, harass, punish, or put to
death, for adherence to a particular religious creed or mode of
worship.
Do good to them that hate you, and pray for them which
despitefully use you, and persecute you.
Matt. v. 44.
2. To harass with importunity; to pursue with
persistent solicitations; to annoy.
Johnson.
Syn. -- To oppress; harass; distress; worry; annoy.
Per`se*cu"tion (?), n. [F.
pers\'82cution, L. persecutio.]
1. The act or practice of persecuting; especially,
the infliction of loss, pain, or death for adherence to a
particular creed or mode of worship.
Persecution produces no sincere conviction.
Paley.
2. The state or condition of being
persecuted.
Locke.
3. A carrying on; prosecution.
[Obs.]
Per"se*cu`tor (?), n. [L.: cf.
F. pers\'82cuteur.] One who persecutes, or
harasses.
Shak.
Per"se*cu`trix (?), n.
[L.] A woman who persecutes.
Per"se*id (?), n.
(Astron.) One of a group of shooting stars which
appear yearly about the 10th of August, and cross the heavens in
paths apparently radiating from the constellation
Perseus. They are beleived to be fragments once
connected with a comet visible in 1862.
Per"se*us (?), n. [L., from Gr.
/.] 1. (Class. Myth.) A Grecian
legendary hero, son of Jupiter and Dana\'89, who slew the Gorgon
Medusa.
2. (Astron.) A consellation of the
northern hemisphere, near Taurus and Cassiopea. It contains a
star cluster visible to the naked eye as a nebula.
Per*sev"er (?), v. i. To
persevere. [Obs.]
Per`se*ver"ance (?), n. [F.
pers\'82v\'82rance, L.
perseverantia.] 1. The act of
persevering; persistence in anything undertaken; continued
pursuit or prosecution of any business, or enterprise
begun. \'bdThe king-becoming graces . . .
perseverance, mercy, lowliness.\'b8
Shak.
Whose constant perseverance overcame
Whate'er his cruel malice could invent.
Milton.
2. Discrimination. [Obs.]
Sir J. Harrington.
3. (Theol.) Continuance in a state of
grace until it is succeeded by a state of glory; sometimes called
final perseverance, and the perseverance of the
saints. See Calvinism.
Syn. -- Persistence; steadfastness; constancy; steadiness;
pertinacity.
<-- p. 1070 -->
Per`se*ver"ant (?), a. [L.
perseverans, -antis, p.pr.: cf. F.
pers\'82v\'82rant.] Persevering.
[R.] \'bdPerseverant faith.\'b8
Whitby. -- Per`se*ver"ant*ly,
adv. [R.]
Per`se*vere" (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Persevered
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Persevering.] [F.
pers\'82v\'82rer, L. perseverare, fr.
perseverus very strict; per + severus
strict, severe. See Per-, and Severe.]
To persist in any business or enterprise undertaken; to
pursue steadily any project or course begun; to maintain a
purpose in spite of counter influences, opposition, or
discouragement; not to give or abandon what is undertaken.
Thrice happy, if they know
Their happiness, and persevere upright.
Milton.
Syn. -- To Persevere, Continue,
Persist. The idea of not laying aside is
common to these words. Continue is the generic term,
denoting simply to do as one has done hitherto. To
persevere is to continue in a given course
in spite of discouragements, etc., from a desire to obtain our
end. To persist is to continue from a
determination of will not to give up. Persist is
frequently used in a bad sense, implying obstinacy in pursuing an
unworthy aim.
Per`se*ver"ing (?), a.
Characterized by perseverance; persistent. --
Per`se*ver"ing*ly,
adv.
Per"sian (?), a. [From
Persia: cf. It. Persiano. Cf.
Parsee, Peach, Persic.] Of
or pertaining to Persia, to the Persians, or to their
language.
Persian berry, the fruit of Rhamnus
infectorius, a kind of buckthorn, used for dyeing yellow,
and imported chiefly from Trebizond. -- Persian
cat. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Angora
cat, under Angora. -- Persian
columns (Arch.), columns of which the shaft
represents a Persian slave; -- called also
Persians. See Atlantes. --
Persian drill (Mech.), a drill which is
turned by pushing a nut back and forth along a spirally grooved
drill holder. -- Persian fire (Med.),
malignant pustule. -- Persian powder. See
Insect powder, under Insect. --
Persian red. See Indian red
(a), under Indian. -- Persian
wheel, a noria; a tympanum. See
Noria.
Per"sian, n. 1. A native or
inhabitant of Persia.
2. The language spoken in Persia.
3. A thin silk fabric, used formerly for
linings.
Beck.
4. pl. (Arch.) See
Persian columns, under Persian,
a.
Per"sic (?), a. [L.
Persicus. Cf. Persian.] Of or
relating to Persia. -- n. The Persian
language.
\'d8Per`si*ca"ri*a (?), n.
[NL., from LL. persicarius a peach tree. See
Peach.] (Bot.) See Lady's
thumb.
Per"si*cot (?), n. [F. See
Peach.] A cordial made of the kernels of
apricots, nectarines, etc., with refined spirit.
\'d8Per`si`flage" (?), n. [F.,
fr. persifler to quiz, fr. L. per + siffler
to whistle, hiss, L. sibilare,
sifilare.] Frivolous or bantering talk; a
frivolous manner of treating any subject, whether serious or
otherwise; light raillery.
Hannah More.
\'d8Per`si`fleur (?), n.
[F.] One who indulges in persiflage; a banterer;
a quiz.
Carlyle.
Per*sim"mon (?), n. [Virginia
Indian.] (Bot.) An American tree
(Diospyros Virginiana) and its fruit, found from New
York southward. The fruit is like a plum in appearance, but is
very harsh and astringent until it has been exposed to frost,
when it becomes palatable and nutritious.
Japanese persimmon, Diospyros Kaki
and its red or yellow edible fruit, which outwardly resembles a
tomato, but contains a few large seeds.
Per"sis (?), n. [Etymol.
uncertain.] A kind of coloring matter obtained from
lichens.
Per"sism (?), n. A Persian
idiom.
Per*sist" (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Persisted; p.
pr. & vb. n. Persisting.] [L.
persistere; per + sistere to stand or be
fixed, fr. stare to stand: cf. F.
persister. See Per-, and
Stand.] To stand firm; to be fixed and
unmoved; to stay; to continue steadfastly; especially, to
continue fixed in a course of conduct against opposing motives;
to persevere; -- sometimes conveying an unfavorable notion, as of
doggedness or obstinacy.
If they persist in pointing their batteries against
particular persons, no laws of war forbid the making
reprisals.
Addison.
Some positive, persisting fops we know,
Who, if once wrong, will needs be always so.
Pope.
That face persists.
It floats up; it turns over in my mind.
Mrs. Browning.
Syn. -- See Persevere, and Insist.
{ Per*sist"ence (?),
Per*sist"en*cy (?), } n.
[See Persistent.] 1. The
quality or state of being persistent; staying or continuing
quality; hence, in an unfavorable sense, doggedness;
obstinacy.
2. The continuance of an effect after the cause
which first gave rise to it is removed; as: (a)
(Physics) The persistence of
motion. (b) (Physiol.) Visual
persistence, or persistence of the visual
impression; auditory persistence, etc.
Per*sist"ent (?), a. [L.
persistens, -entis, p.pr. of
persistere. See Persist.] 1.
Inclined to persist; having staying qualities; tenacious of
position or purpose.
2. (Biol.) Remaining beyond the period
when parts of the same kind sometimes fall off or are absorbed;
permanent; as, persistent teeth or gills; a
persistent calyx; -- opposed to
deciduous, and caducous.
Per*sist"ent*ly, adv. In a persistent
manner.
Per*sist"ing, a. Inclined to persist;
tenacious of purpose; persistent. --
Per*sist"ing*ly, adv.
Per*sist"ive (?), a. See
Persistent.
Shak.
Per*solve" (?), v. t. [L.
persolvere.] To pay wholly, or fully.
[Obs.]
E. Hall.
Per"son (?), n. [OE.
persone, persoun, person,
parson, OF. persone, F.
personne, L. persona a mask (used by
actors), a personage, part, a person, fr. personare to
sound through; per + sonare to sound. See
Per-, and cf. Parson.] 1. A
character or part, as in a play; a specific kind or manifestation
of individual character, whether in real life, or in literary or
dramatic representation; an assumed character.
[Archaic]
His first appearance upon the stage in his new
person of a sycophant or juggler.
Bacon.
No man can long put on a person and act a part.
Jer. Taylor.
To bear rule, which was thy part
And person, hadst thou known thyself aright.
Milton.
How different is the same man from himself, as he sustains the
person of a magistrate and that of a friend!
South.
2. The bodily form of a human being; body; outward
appearance; as, of comely person.
A fair persone, and strong, and young of age.
Chaucer.
If it assume my noble father's person.
Shak.
Love, sweetness, goodness, in her person
shined.
Milton.
3. , self-conscious being, as distinct from an
animal or a thing; a moral agent; a human being; a man, woman, or
child.
Consider what person stands for; which, I think, is
a thinking, intelligent being, that has reason and
reflection.
Locke.
4. A human being spoken of indefinitely; one; a
man; as, any person present.
5. A parson; the parish priest.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
6. (Theol.) Among Trinitarians, one of
the three subdivisions of the Godhead (the Father, the Son, and
the Holy Ghost); an hypostasis. \'bdThree
persons and one God.\'b8
Bk. of Com. Prayer.
7. (Gram.) One of three relations or
conditions (that of speaking, that of being spoken to, and that
of being spoken of) pertaining to a noun or a pronoun, and thence
also to the verb of which it may be the subject.
person; when representing what
is spoken to, in the second person; when representing
what is spoken of, in the third person.
8. (Biol.) A shoot or bud of a plant; a
polyp or zooid of the compound Hydrozoa Anthozoa, etc.; also, an
individual, in the narrowest sense, among the higher
animals.
Haeckel.
True corms, composed of united person\'91 . . . usually arise
by gemmation, . . . yet in sponges and corals occasionally by
fusion of several originally distinct persons.
Encyc. Brit.
Artificial, Fictitious,
person (Law), a corporation or
body politic. blackstone.<-- = legal person --> --
Natural person (Law), a man, woman, or
child, in distinction from a corporation. -- In
person, by one's self; with bodily presence; not by
representative. \'bdThe king himself in person is set
forth.\'b8 Shak. -- In the person of,
in the place of; acting for. Shak.
Per"son (?), v. t. To represent
as a person; to personify; to impersonate.
[Obs.]
Milton.
\'d8Per*so"na (?), n.; pl.
Person\'91 (#). [L.]
(Biol.) Same as Person, n.,
8.
Per"son*a*ble (?), a. 1.
Having a well-formed body, or person; graceful; comely; of
good appearance; presentable; as, a personable man
or woman.
Wise, warlike, personable, courteous, and kind.
Spenser.
The king, . . . so visited with sickness, was not
personable.
E. Hall.
2. (Law) (a) Enabled to
maintain pleas in court. Cowell. (b)
Having capacity to take anything granted.
Per"son*age (?), n. [F.
personnage.] 1. Form, appearance,
or belongings of a person; the external appearance, stature,
figure, air, and the like, of a person. \'bdIn
personage stately.\'b8
Hayward.
The damsel well did view his personage.
Spenser.
2. Character assumed or represented. \'bdThe
actors and personages of this fable.\'b8
Broome. \'bdDisguised in a false
personage.\'b8 Addison.
3. A notable or distinguished person; a conspicious
or peculiar character; as, an illustrious personage;
a comely personage of stature tall.
Spenser.
Per"son*al (?), a. [L.
personalis: cf. F. personnel.]
1. Pertaining to human beings as distinct from
things.
Every man so termed by way of personal
difference.
Hooker.
2. Of or pertaining to a particular person;
relating to, or affecting, an individual, or each of many
individuals; peculiar or proper to private concerns; not public
or general; as, personal comfort; personal
desire.
The words are conditional, -- If thou doest well, -- and so
personal to Cain.
Locke.
3. Pertaining to the external or bodily appearance;
corporeal; as, personal charms.
Addison.
4. Done in person; without the intervention of
another. \'bdPersonal communication.\'b8
Fabyan.
The immediate and personal speaking of God.
White.
5. Relating to an individual, his character,
conduct, motives, or private affairs, in an invidious and
offensive manner; as, personal reflections or
remarks.
6. (Gram.) Denoting person; as, a
personal pronoun.
Personal action (Law), a suit or
action by which a man claims a debt or personal duty, or damages
in lieu of it; or wherein he claims satisfaction in damages for
an injury to his person or property, or the specific recovery of
goods or chattels; -- opposed to real action. --
Personal equation. (Astron.) See under
Equation. -- Personal estate property (Law), movables;
chattels; -- opposed to real estate or
property. It usually consists of things temporary and
movable, including all subjects of property not of a freehold
nature. -- Personal identity
(Metaph.), the persistent and continuous unity of
the individual person, which is attested by consciousness.
-- Personal pronoun (Gram.), one of the
pronouns I, thou,
he, she, it, and
their plurals. -- Personal representatives
(Law), the executors or administrators of a person
deceased. -- Personal rights, rights
appertaining to the person; as, the rights of a
personal security, personal liberty, and
private property. -- Personal tithes. See
under Tithe. -- Personal verb
(Gram.), a verb which is modified or inflected to
correspond with the three persons.
Per"son*al, n. (Law) A
movable; a chattel.
Per"son*al*ism (?), n. The
quality or state of being personal; personality.
[R.]
Per`son*al"i*ty (?), n.; pl.
Personalities (#). [Cf. F.
personnalit\'82. Cf. Personality.]
1. That which constitutes distinction of person;
individuality.
Personality is individuality existing in itself,
but with a nature as a ground.
Coleridge.
2. Something said or written which refers to the
person, conduct, etc., of some individual, especially something
of a disparaging or offensive nature; personal remarks; as,
indulgence in personalities.
Sharp personalities were exchanged.
Macaulay.
3. (Law) That quality of a law which
concerns the condition, state, and capacity of persons.
Burrill.
Per"son*al*ize (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Personalized
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Personalizing
(?).] To make personal. \'bdThey
personalize death.\'b8
H. Spencer.
Per"son*al*ly, adv. 1. In a
personal manner; by bodily presence; in person; not by
representative or substitute; as, to deliver a letter
personally.
He, being cited, personally came not.
Grafton.
2. With respect to an individual; as regards the
person; individually; particularly.
She bore a mortal hatred to the house of Lancaster, and
personally to the king.
Bacon.
3. With respect to one's individuality; as regards
one's self; as, personally I have no feeling in the
matter.
Per"son*al*ty (?), n. 1.
The state of being a person; personality.
[R.]
2. (Law) Personal property, as
distinguished from realty or real property.
Per"son*ate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Personated
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Personating
(?).] [L. personare to cry
out, LL., to extol. See Person.] To celebrate
loudly; to extol; to praise. [Obs.]
In fable, hymn, or song so personating
Their gods ridiculous.
Milton.
Per"son*ate, v. t. [L.
personatus masked, assumed, fictitious, fr.
persona a mask. See Person.]
1. To assume the character of; to represent by a
fictitious appearance; to act the part of; hence, to counterfeit;
to feign; as, he tried to personate his brother; a
personated devotion.
Hammond.
2. To set forth in an unreal character; to
disguise; to mask. [R.] \'bdA
personated mate.\'b8
Milton.
3. To personify; to typify; to describe.
Shak.
Per"son*ate, v. i. To play or assume a
character.
Per"son*ate (?), a. [L.
personatus masked.] (Bot.)
Having the throat of a bilabiate corolla nearly closed by a
projection of the base of the lower lip; masked, as in the flower
of the snapdragon.
Per`son*a"tion (?), n. The act
of personating, or conterfeiting the person or character of
another.
Per"son*a`tor (?), n. One who
personates. \'bdThe personators of these
actions.\'b8
B. Jonson.
Per`son*e"i*ty (?), n.
Personality. [R.]
Coleridge.
Per*son`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n.
[Cf. F. personnification.] 1.
The act of personifying; impersonation; embodiment.
C. Knight.
2. (Rhet.) A figure of speech in which
an inanimate object or abstract idea is represented as animated,
or endowed with personality; prosopop/ia; as, the floods
clap their hands. \'bdConfusion heards his voice.\'b8
Milton.
Per*son"i*fi`er (?), n. One who
personifies.
Per*son"i*fy (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Personified
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Personifying
(?).] [Person +
-fy: cf. F. personnifier.]
1. To regard, treat, or represent as a person; to
represent as a rational being.
The poets take the liberty of personifying
inanimate things.
Chesterfield.
2. To be the embodiment or personification of; to
impersonate; as, he personifies the law.
Per"son*ize (?), v. t. To
personify. [R.]
Milton has personized them.
J. Richardson.
\'d8Per`son`nel" (?), n. [F.
See Personal.] The body of persons employed
in some public service, as the army, navy, etc.; -- distinguished
from mat\'82riel.
Per*spec"tive (?), a. [L.
perspicere, perspectum, to look through;
per + spicere, specere, to look: cf. F.
perspectif; or from E. perspective, n. See
Spy, n.] 1. Of or
pertaining to the science of vision; optical.
[Obs.]
Bacon.
2. Pertaining to the art, or in accordance with the
laws, of perspective.
Perspective plane, the plane or surface on
which the objects are delineated, or the picture drawn; the plane
of projection; -- distinguished from the ground plane,
which is that on which the objects are represented as standing.
When this plane is oblique to the principal face of the object,
the perspective is called oblique perspective; when
parallel to that face, parallel perspective. --
Perspective shell (Zo\'94l.), any shell
of the genus Solarium and allied genera. See
Solarium.
Per*spec"tive, n. [F.
perspective, fr. perspectif: cf. It.
perspettiva. See Perspective,
a.] 1. A glass through which
objects are viewed. [Obs.] \'bdNot a
perspective, but a mirror.\'b8
Sir T. Browne.
2. That which is seen through an opening; a view; a
vista. \'bdThe perspective of life.\'b8
Goldsmith.
3. The effect of distance upon the appearance of
objects, by means of which the eye recognized them as being at a
more or less measurable distance. Hence, a\'89rial
perspective, the assumed greater vagueness or uncertainty
of outline in distant objects.
A\'89rial perspective is the expression of space by
any means whatsoever, sharpness of edge, vividness of color,
etc.
Ruskin.
4. The art and the science of so delineating
objects that they shall seem to grow smaller as they recede from
the eye; -- called also linear
perspective.
5. A drawing in linear perspective.
Isometrical perspective, an inaccurate term
for a mechanical way of representing objects in the direction of
the diagonal of a cube. -- Perspective glass,
a telescope which shows objects in the right
position.
<-- p. 1071 -->
Per*spec"tive*ly (?), adv.
1. Optically; as through a glass.
[R.]
You see them perspectively.
Shak.
2. According to the rules of perspective.
Per*spec"to*graph (?), n. [L.
perspectus (p.p. of perspicere to look
through) + -graph.] An instrument for
obtaining, and transferring to a picture, the points and outlines
of objects, so as to represent them in their proper geometrical
relations as viewed from some one point.
Per`spec*tog"ra*phy (?), n. The
science or art of delineating objects according to the laws of
perspective; the theory of perspective.
Per"spi*ca*ble (?), a. [L.
perspicabilis, fr. perspicere.]
Discernible. [Obs.]
Herbert.
Per`spi*ca"cious (?), a. [L.
perspicax, -acis, fr. perspicere
to look through: cf. F. perspicace. See
Perspective.] 1. Having the power of
seeing clearly; quick-sighted; sharp of sight.
2. Fig.: Of acute discernment; keen.
-- Per`spi*ca"cious*ly, adv. --
Per`spi*ca"cious*ness, n.
Per`spi*cac"i*ty (?), n. [L.
perspicacitas: cf. F. perspicacit\'82. See
Perspicacious.] The state of being
perspicacious; acuteness of sight or of intelligence; acute
discernment.
Sir T. Browne.
Per"spi*ca*cy (?), n.
Perspicacity. [Obs.]
Per*spi"cience (?), n. [L.
perspicientia, fr. perspiciens, p.p. of
perspicere. See Perspective.] The
act of looking sharply. [Obs.]
Bailey.
Per"spi*cil (?), n. [LL.
perspicilla, fr. L. perspicere to look
through.] An optical glass; a telescope.
[Obs.]
Crashaw.
Per`spi*cu"i*ty (?), n. [L.
perspicuitas: cf. F. perspicuit\'82.]
1. The quality or state of being transparent or
translucent. [Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
2. The quality of being perspicuous to the
understanding; clearness of expression or thought.
3. Sagacity; perspicacity.
Syn. -- Clearness; perspicuousness; plainness; distinctness;
lucidity; transparency. See Clearness.
Per*spic"u*ous (?), a. [L.
perspicuus, from perspicere to look
through. See Perspective.] 1.
Capable of being through; transparent; translucent; not
opaque. [Obs.]
Peacham.
2. Clear to the understanding; capable of being
clearly understood; clear in thought or in expression; not
obscure or ambiguous; as, a perspicuous writer;
perspicuous statements. \'bdThe purpose is
perspicuous.\'b8
Shak.
-- Per*spic"u*ous*ly, adv. --
Per*spic"u*ous*ness, n.
Per*spir`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The
quality or state of being perspirable.
Per*spir"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F.
perspirable.] 1. Capable of being
perspired.
Sir T. Browne.
2. Emitting perspiration; perspiring.
[R.]
Bacon.
Per`spi*ra"tion (?), n. [Cf. F.
perspiration.] 1. The act or
process of perspiring.
2. That which is excreted through the skin;
sweat.
insensible perspiration.
Per*spir"a*tive (?), a.
Performing the act of perspiration; perspiratory.
Per*spir"a*to*ry (?), a. Of,
pertaining to, or producing, perspiration; as, the
perspiratory ducts.
Per*spire" (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Perspired
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Perspiring.] [L. perspirare
to breathe through; per + spirare. See Per-,
and Spirit.] 1. (Physiol.)
To excrete matter through the skin; esp., to excrete fluids
through the pores of the skin; to sweat.
2. To be evacuated or excreted, or to exude,
through the pores of the skin; as, a fluid
perspires.
Per*spire", v. t. To emit or evacuate
through the pores of the skin; to sweat; to excrete through
pores.
Firs . . . perspire a fine balsam of
turpentine.
Smollett.
Per*strep"er*ous (?), a. [L.
perstrepere to make a great noise.] Noisy;
obstreperous. [Obs.]
Ford.
Per*stringe" (?), v. t. [L.
perstringere; per + stringere to bind up,
to touch upon.] 1. To touch; to graze; to
glance on. [Obs.]
2. To criticise; to touch upon.
[R.]
Evelyn.
Per*suad"a*ble (?), a. That may
be persuaded. -- Per*suad"a*ble*ness,
n. -- Per*suad"a*bly,
adv.
Per*suade" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Persuaded; p.
pr. & vb. n. Persuading.] [L.
persuadere, persuasum; per +
suadere to advise, persuade: cf. F. persuader.
See Per-, and Suasion.] 1.
To influence or gain over by argument, advice, entreaty,
expostulation, etc.; to draw or incline to a determination by
presenting sufficient motives.<-- "gain over" = win over,
win to one's side -->
Almost thou persuadest me to be a Christian.
Acts xxvi. 28.
We will persuade him, be it possible.
Shak.
2. To try to influence.
[Obsolescent]
Hearken not unto Hezekiah, when he persuadeth
you.
2 Kings xviii. 32.
3. To convince by argument, or by reasons offered
or suggested from reflection, etc.; to cause to believe.
Beloved, we are persuaded better things of you.
Heb. vi. 9.
4. To inculcate by argument or expostulation; to
advise; to recommend.
Jer. Taylor.
Syn. -- To convince; induce; prevail on; win over; allure;
entice. See Convince.
Per*suade" (?), v. i. To use
persuasion; to plead; to prevail by persuasion.
Shak.
Per*suade", n. Persuasion.
[Obs.]
Beau. & Fl.
Per*suad"ed, p. p. & a. Prevailed upon;
influenced by argument or entreaty; convinced. --
Per*suad"ed*ly, adv. --
Per*suad"ed*ness, n.
Per*suad"er (?), n. One who, or
that which, persuades or influences. \'bdPowerful
persuaders.\'b8
Milton.
Per*sua`si*bil"i*ty (?), n.
Capability of being persuaded.
Hawthorne.
Per*sua"si*ble (?), a. [Cf. L.
persuasibilis persuasive, F. persuasible
persuasible.] 1. Capable of being persuaded;
persuadable.
2. Persuasive. [Obs.]
Bale.
-- Per*sua"si*ble*ness, n. --
Per*sua"si*bly, adv.
Per*sua"sion (?), n. [L.
persuasio; Cf. F. persuasion.]
1. The act of persuading; the act of influencing
the mind by arguments or reasons offered, or by anything that
moves the mind or passions, or inclines the will to a
determination.
For thou hast all the arts of fine persuasion.
Otway.
2. The state of being persuaded or convinced;
settled opinion or conviction, which has been induced.
If the general persuasion of all men does so
account it.
Hooker.
My firm persuasion is, at least sometimes,
That Heaven will weigh man's virtues and his crimes
With nice attention.
Cowper.
3. A creed or belief; a sect or party adhering to a
certain creed or system of opinions; as, of the same
persuasion; all persuasions are
agreed.
Of whatever state or persuasion, religious or
political.
Jefferson.
4. The power or quality of persuading;
persuasiveness.
Is 't possible that my deserts to you
Can lack persuasion?
Shak.
5. That which persuades; a persuasive.
[R.]
Syn. -- See Conviction.
Per*sua"sive (?), a. [Cf. F.
persuasif.] Tending to persuade; having the
power of persuading; as, persuasive
eloquence. \'bdPersuasive words.\'b8
Milton.
Per*sua"sive, n. That which persuades;
an inducement; an incitement; an exhortation. --
Per*sua"sive*ly, adv. --
Per*sua"sive*ness, n.
Per*sua"so*ry (?), a.
Persuasive.
Sir T. Browne.
Per*sul"phate (?), n.
(Chem.) A sulphate of the peroxide of any
base. [R.]
Per*sul"phide (?), n.
(Chem.) A sulphide containing more sulphur than
some other compound of the same elements; as, iron pyrites is
a persulphide; -- formerly called
persulphuret.
Per*sul`pho*cy"a*nate (?), n.
(Chem.) A salt of persulphocyanic acid.
[R.]
Per*sul`pho*cy*an"ic (?), a.
(Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, a yellow
crystalline substance (called also perthiocyanic
acid), analogous to sulphocyanic acid, but containing more
sulphur.
Per*sul`pho*cy*an"o*gen (?), n.
(Chem.) An orange-yellow substance, produced by
the action of chlorine or boiling dilute nitric acid and
sulphocyanate of potassium; -- called also
pseudosulphocyanogen,
perthiocyanogen, and formerly
sulphocyanogen.
Per*sul"phu*ret (?), n.
(Chem.) A persulphide. [Obs.]
Pert (?), a. [An aphetic form
of OE. & OF. apert open, known, true, free, or
impudent. See Apert.] 1. Open;
evident; apert. [Obs.]
Piers Plowman.
2. Lively; brisk; sprightly; smart.
[Obs.]
Shak.
3. Indecorously free, or presuming; saucy; bold;
impertinent. \'bdA very pert manner.\'b8
Addison.
The squirrel, flippant, pert, and full of play.
Cowper.
Pert, v. i. To behave with
pertness. [Obs.]
Gauden.
Per*tain" (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Pertained
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Pertaining.] [OE. partenen,
OF. partenir, fr. L. pertinere to stretch
out, reach, pertain; per + tenere to hold, keep. See
Per-, and Tenable, and cf. Appertain,
Pertinent.] 1. To belong; to have
connection with, or dependence on, something, as an appurtenance,
attribute, etc.; to appertain; as, saltness pertains
to the ocean; flowers pertain to plant life.
Men hate those who affect that honor by ambition which
pertaineth not to them.
Hayward.
2. To have relation or reference to
something.
These words pertain unto us at this time as they
pertained to them at their time.
Latimer.
Per*ter`e*bra"tion (?), n. [L.
perterebratus, p.p. of perterebrare to bore
through.] The act of boring through.
[Obs.]
Ainsworth.
Per*thi`o*cy*an"o*gen (?), n.
(Chem.) Same as Persulphocyanogen.
Perth"ite (?), n. [So called
from Perth, in canada.] (Min.) A
kind of feldspar consisting of a laminated intertexture of albite
and orthoclase, usually of different colors. --
Per*thit"ic (#),
a.
Per`ti*na"cious (?), a.[L.
pertinax, -acis; per + tenax
tenacious. See Per-, and Tenacious.]
1. Holding or adhering to any opinion, purpose, or
design, with obstinacy; perversely persistent; obstinate; as,
pertinacious plotters; a pertinacious
beggar.
2. Resolute; persevering; constant; steady.
Diligence is a steady, constant, and pertinacious
study.
South.
Syn. -- Obstinate; stubborn; inflexible; unyielding;
resolute; determined; firm; constant; steady.
-- Per`ti*na"cious*ly, adv. --
Per`ti*na"cious*ness, n.
Per`ti*nac"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F.
pertinacit\'82.] The quality or state of
being pertinacious; obstinacy; perseverance; persistency.
Macaulay.
Syn. -- See Obstinacy.
Per"ti*na*cy (?), n. [L.
pertinere to pertain. See Pertinence.]
The quality or state of being pertinent; pertinence.
[Obs.]
Per"ti*na*cy, n. [L.
pertinacia, fr. pertinax. See
Pertinacious.] Pertinacity.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Per"ti*nate (?), a.
Pertinacious. [Obs.]
Per"ti*nate*ly, adv.
Pertinaciously. [Obs.]
{ Per"ti*nence (?), Per"ti*nen*cy
(?), } n. [Cf. F.
pertinence. See Pertinent.] The
quality or state of being pertinent; justness of relation to the
subject or matter in hand; fitness; appositeness; relevancy;
suitableness.
The fitness and pertinency of the apostle's
discourse.
Bentley.
Per"ti*nent (?), a. [L.
pertinens, -entis, p.pr. of
pertinere: cf. F. pertinent. See
Pertain.] 1. Belonging or related to
the subject or matter in hand; fit or appropriate in any way;
adapted to the end proposed; apposite; material; relevant;
as, pertinent illustrations or arguments;
pertinent evidence.
2. Regarding; concerning; belonging;
pertaining. [R.] \'bdPertinent unto
faith.\'b8
Hooker.
Syn. -- Apposite; relevant; suitable; appropriate;
fit.
-- Per"ti*nent*ly, adv. --
Per"ti*nent*ness, n.
Pert"ly (?), adv. In a pert
manner.
Pert"ness, n. The quality or state of
being pert.
Per*tran"sient (?), a. [L.
pertransiens, p.pr. of pertransire.]
Passing through or over. [R.]
Per*turb" (?), v. t. [L.
perturbare, perturbatum; per +
turbare to disturb, fr. turba a disorder: cf.
OF. perturber. See Per-, and
Turbid.] 1. To disturb; to agitate;
to vex; to trouble; to disquiet.
Ye that . . . perturb so my feast with crying.
Chaucer.
2. To disorder; to confuse. [R.]
Sir T. Browne.
Per*turb`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The
quality or state of being perturbable.
Per*turb"a*ble (?), a. Liable
to be perturbed or agitated; liable to be disturbed or
disquieted.
Per*turb"ance (?), n.
Disturbance; perturbation. [R.]
\'bdPerturbance of the mind.\'b8
Sharp.
Per"tur*bate (?), v. t. [From
L. perturbatus, p.p.] To perturb.
[Obs.]
Dr. H. More.
Per"tur*bate (?), a. Perturbed;
agitated. [R.]
Per`tur*ba"tion (?), n. [L.
perturbatio: cf. F. perturbation.]
1. The act of perturbing, or the state of being
perturbed; esp., agitation of mind.
2. (Astron.) A disturbance in the
regular elliptic or other motion of a heavenly body, produced by
some force additional to that which causes its regular motion;
as, the perturbations of the planets are caused by
their attraction on each other.
Newcomb.
Per`tur*ba"tion*al (?), a. Of
or pertaining to perturbation, esp. to the perturbations of the
planets. \'bdThe perturbational theory.\'b8
Sir J. Herschel.
Per"tur*ba*tive (?), a. Tending
to cause perturbation; disturbing.
Sir J. Herschel.
Per"tur*ba`tor (?), n. A
perturber. [R.]
Per*turbed" (?), a. Agitated;
disturbed; troubled. Shak. --
Per*turb"ed*ly, adv.
Per*turb"er (?), n. One who, or
that which, perturbs, or cause perturbation.
Per*tus"ate (?), a. [See
Pertuse.] (Bot.) Pierced at the
apex.
{ Per*tuse" (?), Per*tused"
(?) }, a. [L. pertusus,
p.p. of pertundere to beat or thrust through, to bore
through; per + tundere to beat: cf. F.
pertus. Cf. Pierce.] Punched;
pierced with, or having, holes.
Per*tu"sion (?), n. [L.
pertusio.] The act of punching or piercing
with a pointed instrument; as, pertusion of a
vein. [R.]
Arbuthnot.
2. A punched hole; a perforation.
Bacon.
\'d8Per*tus"sis (?), n. [NL.,
fr. L. per through, very + tussis
cough.] (Med.) The whooping cough.
Per"uke (?), n. [F.
perruque, It. perrucca,
parrucca, fr. L. pilus hair. Cf.
Periwig, Wig, Peel to strip off,
Plush, Pile a hair.] A wig; a
periwig.
Per"uke, v. t. To dress with a
peruke. [R.]
\'d8Per"u*la (?), n.; pl.
Perul\'91 (#). [L., dim. of
pera wallet, Gr. /: cf. F.
p\'82rule.] 1. (Bot.)
One of the scales of a leaf bud.
2. (Bot.) A pouchlike portion of the
perianth in certain orchides.
Per"ule (?), n. Same as
Perula.
Pe*rus"al (?), n. [From
Peruse.] 1. The act of carefully
viewing or examining. [R.]
Tatler.
2. The act of reading, especially of reading
through or with care.
Woodward.
Pe*ruse" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Perused
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Perusing.] [Pref. per- +
use.] 1. To observe; to examine
with care. [R.]
Myself I then perused, and limb by limb
Surveyed.
Milton.
2. To read through; to read carefully.
Shak.
Pe*rus"er (?), n. One who
peruses.
Pe*ru"vi*an (?), a. [Cf. F.
p\'82ruvien, Sp. peruviano.] Of
or pertaining to Peru, in South America. --
n. A native or an inhabitant of
Peru.
Peruvian balsam. See Balsam of
Peru, under Balsam. -- Peruvian
bark, the bitter bark of trees of various species of
Cinchona. It acts as a powerful tonic, and is a remedy for
malarial diseases. This property is due to several alkaloids, as
quinine, cinchonine, etc., and their compounds; -- called also
Jesuit's bark, and
cinchona. See Cinchona.
Per*vade" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Pervaded; p.
pr. & vb. n. Pervading.] [L.
pervadere, pervasum; per +
vadere to go, to walk. See Per-, and
Wade.] 1. To pass or flow through,
as an aperture, pore, or interstice; to permeate.
That labyrinth is easily pervaded.
Blackstone.
2. To pass or spread through the whole extent of;
to be diffused throughout.
A spirit of cabal, intrigue, and proselytism
pervaded all their thoughts, words, and actions.
Burke.
Per*va"sion (?), n. [L.
pervasio. See Pervade.] The act of
pervading, passing, or spreading through the whole extent of a
thing.
Boyle.
Per*va"sive (?), a. Tending to
pervade, or having power to spread throughout; of a pervading
quality. \'bdCivilization pervasive and
general.\'b8
M. Arnold.
<-- p. 1072 -->
Per*verse" (?), a. [L.
perversus turned the wrong way, not right, p.p. of
pervertereto turn around, to overturn: cf. F.
pervers. See Pervert.] 1.
Turned aside; hence, specifically, turned away from the
right; willfully erring; wicked; perverted.
The only righteous in a word perverse.
Milton.
2. Obstinate in the wrong; stubborn; intractable;
hence, wayward; vexing; contrary.
To so perverse a sex all grace is vain.
Dryden.
Syn. -- Froward; untoward; wayward; stubborn; ungovernable;
intractable; cross; petulant; vexatious. --
Perverse, Froward. One who is
froward is capricious, and reluctant to obey. One who
is perverse has a settled obstinacy of will, and likes
or dislikes by the rule of contradiction to the will of
others.
Per*versed" (?), a. Turned
aside. [Obs.]
Per*vers"ed*ly (?), adv.
Perversely. [Obs.]
Per*verse"ly, adv. In a perverse
manner.
Per*verse"ness, n. The quality or state
of being perverse. \'bdVirtue hath some
perverseness.\'b8
Donne.
Per*ver"sion (?), n. [L.
perversio: cf. F. perversion. See
Pervert.] The act of perverting, or the state
of being perverted; a turning from truth or right; a diverting
from the true intent or object; a change to something worse; a
turning or applying to a wrong end or use. \'bdViolations
and perversions of the laws.\'b8
Bacon.
Per*ver"si*ty (?), n. [L.
perversitas: cf. F. perversit\'82.]
The quality or state of being perverse; perverseness.
Per*ver"sive (?), a.Tending to
pervert.
Per*vert" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Perverted; p.
pr. & vb. n. Perverting.] [F.
pervertir, L. pervertere,
perversum; per + vertere to turn. See
Per-, and Verse.] 1. To
turnanother way; to divert. [Obs.]
Let's follow him, and pervert the present
wrath.
Shak.
2. To turn from truth, rectitude, or propriety; to
divert from a right use, end, or way; to lead astray; to corrupt;
also, to misapply; to misinterpret designedly; as, to
pervert one's words.
Dryden.
He, in the serpent, had perverted Eve.
Milton.
Per*vert", v. i. To become perverted; to
take the wrong course. [R.]
Testament of Love.
Per"vert (?), n. One who has
been perverted; one who has turned to error, especially in
religion; -- opposed to convert. See the Synonym of
Convert.
That notorious pervert, Henry of Navarre.
Thackeray.
Per*vert"er (?), n. One who
perverts (a person or thing). \'bdHis own parents his
perverters.\'b8 South. \'bdA
perverter of his law.\'b8 Bp. Stillingfleet.
Per*vert"i*ble (?), a. Capable
of being perverted.
Per*ves"ti*gate (?), v. t. [L.
pervestigatus, p.p. of pervestigare.]
To investigate thoroughly. [Obs.]
Per*ves`ti*ga"tion (?), n. [L.
pervestigatio.] Thorough
investigation. [Obs.]
Chillingworth.
Per"vi*al (?), a. [See
Pervious.] Pervious.
[Obs.] -- Per"vi*al*ly,
adv. [Obs.]
Chapman.
Per`vi*ca"cious (?), a. [L.
pervicax, -acis.] Obstinate;
willful; refractory. [Obs.] --
Per`vi*ca"cious*ly, adv. --
Per`vi*ca"cious*ness, n.
[Obs.]
Per`vi*cac"i*ty (?), n.
Obstinacy; pervicaciousness. [Obs.]
Bentley.
Per"vi*ca*cy (?), n. [L.
pervicacia.] Pervicacity.
[Obs.]
Per*vig`i*la"tion (?), n. [L.
pervigilatio, fr. pervigilare.]
Careful watching. [Obs.]
Per"vi*ous (?), a. [L.
pervis; per + via a way. See Per-,
and Voyage.] 1. Admitting passage;
capable of being penetrated by another body or substance;
permeable; as, a pervious soil.
[Doors] . . . pervious to winds, and open every
way.
Pope.
2. Capable of being penetrated, or seen through, by
physical or mental vision. [R.]
God, whose secrets are pervious to no eye.
Jer. Taylor.
3. Capable of penetrating or pervading.
[Obs.]
Prior.
4. (Zo\'94l.) Open; -- used synonymously
with perforate, as applied to the nostrils or
birds.
Per"vi*ous*ness, n. The quality or state
of being pervious; as, the perviousness of
glass.
Boyle.
Per"vis (?), n. See
Parvis.
Per"y (?), n. A pear tree. See
Pirie. [Obs.]
\'d8Pes (?), n.; pl.
Pedes . [L., the foot.]
(Anat.) The distal segment of the hind limb of
vertebrates, including the tarsus and foot.
Pe*sade" (?), n. [F.]
(Man.) The motion of a horse when, raising his
fore quarters, he keeps his hind feet on the ground without
advancing; rearing.
Pes"age (?), n. [F., fr.
peser to weigh.] A fee, or toll, paid for
the weighing of merchandise.
Pes"ane (?), n. (Anc.
Armor.) See Pusane.
Pes"ant*ed (?), a. [F.
pesant heavy.] Made heavy or dull;
debased. [Obs.] \'bdPesanted to
each lewd thought's control.\'b8
Marston.
Pe*schit"o (?), n. See
Peshito.
Pese (?), n. [See
Pea.] A pea. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
\'d8Pe*se"ta (?), n.
[Sp.] A Spanish silver coin, and money of
account, equal to about nineteen cents, and divided into 100
centesimos.
{ Pe*shit"o (?), Pe*shit"to
(?), } n. [Syriac
pesh\'8ct\'83 simple.] The earliest Syriac
version of the Old Testament, translated from Hebrew; also, the
incomplete Syriac version of the New Testament.
[Written also peschito.]
Pes"ky (?), a. [Etymol.
uncertain.] Pestering; vexatious; troublesome. Used
also as an intensive. [Colloq. & Low, U.S.]
Judd.
\'d8Pe"so (?), n. [Sp.]
A Spanish dollar; also, an Argentine, Chilian, Colombian,
etc., coin, equal to from 75 cents to a dollar; also, a pound
weight.
Pes"sa*ry (?), n.; pl.
Pessaries (#). [L.
pessarium, pessum, pessus, Gr.
/: cf. F. pessaire.] (Med.)
(a) An instrument or device to be introduced into
and worn in the vagina, to support the uterus, or remedy a
malposition. (b) A medicinal substance in the
form of a bolus or mass, designed for introduction into the
vagina; a vaginal suppository.
Pes"si*mism (?), n. [L.
pessimus worst, superl. of pejor worse: cf.
F. pessimisme. Cf. Impair.] 1.
(Metaph.) The opinion or doctrine that everything
in nature is ordered for or tends to the worst, or that the world
is wholly evil; -- opposed to optimism.
2. A disposition to take the least hopeful view of
things.
Pes"si*mist (?), n. [L.
pessimus worst: cf. F. pessimiste.]
1. (Metaph.) One who advocates the
doctrine of pessimism; -- opposed to optimist.
2. One who looks on the dark side of things.
{ Pes"si*mist (?), Pes`si*mis"tic
(?), } a. (Metaph.) Of
or pertaining to pessimism; characterized by pessimism; gloomy;
foreboding. \'bdGiving utterance to pessimistic
doubt.\'b8
Encyc. Brit.
Pes`si*mis"tic*al (?), a.
Pessimistic.
Pes"si*mize (?), v. i. To hold
or advocate the doctrine of pessimism.
London Sat. Rev.
\'d8Pes"su*lus (?), n.; pl.
Pessuli (#). [L., a bolt.]
(Anat.) A delicate bar of cartilage connecting
the dorsal and ventral extremities of the first pair of bronchial
cartilages in the syrinx of birds.
Pest (?), n. [L.
pestis: cf. F. peste.] 1.
A fatal epidemic disease; a pestilence; specif., the
plague.
England's sufferings by that scourge, the pest.
Cowper.
2. Anything which resembles a pest; one who, or
that which, is troublesome, noxious, mischievous, or destructive;
a nuisance. \'bdA pest and public enemy.\'b8
South.
Pes`ta*loz"zi*an (?), a.
Belonging to, or characteristic of, a system of elementary
education which combined manual training with other instruction,
advocated and practiced by Jean Henri Pestalozzi
(1746-1827), a Swiss teacher. -- n.
An advocate or follower of the system of
Pestalozzi.
Pes`ta*loz"zi*an*ism (?), n.
The system of education introduced by Pestalozzi.
Pes"ter (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Pestered
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Pestering.] [Abbrev. fr.
impester, fr. OF. empaistrier,
empestrer, to entangle the feet or legs, to embarrass,
F. emp\'88trer; pref. em-,
en- (L. in in) + LL. pastorium,
pastoria, a fetter by which horses are prevented from
wandering in the pastures, fr. L. pastorius belonging
to a herdsman or shepherd, pastor a herdsman. See
In, and Pasture, Pastor.]
1. To trouble; to disturb; to annoy; to harass with
petty vexations.
We are pestered with mice and rats.
Dr. H. More.
A multitude of scribblers daily pester the
world.
Dryden.
2. To crowd together in an annoying way; to
overcrowd; to infest. [Obs.]
Milton.
All rivers and pools . . . pestered full with
fishes.
Holland.
Pes"ter*er (?), n. One who
pesters or harasses.
Pes"ter*ment (?), n. The act of
pestering, or the state of being pestered; vexation; worry.
\'bdThe trouble and pesterment of children.\'b8
B. Franklin.
Pes"ter*ous (?), a.Inclined to
pester. Also, vexatious; encumbering; burdensome.
[Obs.]
Bacon.
Pest"ful (?), a.
Pestiferous. \'bdAfter long and pestful
calms.\'b8
Coleridge.
Pest`house" (?), n. A house or
hospital for persons who are infected with any pestilential
disease.
Pes"ti*duct (?), n. [L.
pestis pest + ductus a leading, fr.
ducere to lead.] That which conveys
contagion or infection. [Obs.]
Donne.
Pes*tif"er*ous (?), a. [L.
pestiferus, pestifer; pestis
pest + ferre to bear: cf. F.
pestif\'8are.] 1. Pest-bearing;
pestilential; noxious to health; malignant; infectious;
contagious; as, pestiferous bodies.
\'bdPoor, pestiferous creatures begging alms.\'b8
Evelyn. \'bdUnwholesome and pestiferous
occupations.\'b8 Burke.
2. Noxious to peace, to morals, or to society;
vicious; hurtful; destructive; as, a pestiferous
demagogue.
Pestiferous reports of men very nobly held.
Shak.
Pes*tif"er*ous*ly, adv. In a pestiferuos
manner.
Pes"ti*lence (?), n. [F.
pestilence, L. pestilentia. See
Pestilent.] 1. Specifically, the
disease known as the plague; hence, any contagious or infectious
epidemic disease that is virulent and devastating.
The pestilence That walketh in darkness.
Ps. xci. 6.
2. Fig.: That which is pestilent, noxious, or
pernicious to the moral character of great numbers.
I'll pour this pestilence into his ear.
Shak.
Pestilence weed (Bot.), the
butterbur coltsfoot (Petasites vulgaris), so called
because formerly considered a remedy for the plague.
Dr. Prior.
Pes"ti*lent (?), a. [L.
pestilens, -entis, fr. pestis
pest: cf. F. pestilent.] Pestilential;
noxious; pernicious; mischievous. \'bdCorrupt and
pestilent.\'b8 Milton. \'bdWhat a
pestilent knave is this same!\'b8
Shak.
Pes`ti*len"tial (?), a. [Cf. F.
pestilentiel.] 1. Having the
nature or qualities of a pestilence. \'bdSends the
pestilential vapors.\'b8
Longfellow.
2. Hence: Mischievous; noxious; pernicious; morally
destructive.
So pestilential, so infectious a thing is sin.
Jer. Taylor.
Pes`ti*len"tial*ly, adv.
Pestilently.
Pes`ti*len"tious (?), a.
Pestilential. [Obs.]
Pes"ti*lent*ly (?), adv. In a
pestilent manner; mischievously; destructively. \'bdAbove
all measure pestilently noisome.\'b8
Dr. H. More.
Pes"ti*lent*ness, n. The quality of
being pestilent.
Pes`ti*la"tion (?), n. [LL.
pestillum, L. pistillum. See
Pestle.] The act of pounding and bruising
with a pestle in a mortar.
Sir T. Browne.
Pes"tle (?), n. [OE.
pestel, OF. pestel, LL.
pestellum, L. pistillum,
pistillus, a pounder, pestle, fr. pisere,
pinsere, to pound, crush, akin to Gr. /, Skr.
pish. Cf. Pistil.] 1. An
implement for pounding and breaking or braying substances in a
mortar.
2. A constable's or bailiff's staff; -- so called
from its shape. [Obs.]
Chapman.
3. The leg and leg bone of an animal, especially of
a pig; as, a pestle of pork.
Pes"tle (?), v. t. & i.
[imp. & p. p. Pestled
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pestling
(?).] To pound, pulverize, bray, or mix
with a pestle, or as with a pestle; to use a pestle.
Pet (?), n. [Formerly
peat, perhaps from Ir. peat, akin to Gael.
peata.] 1. A cade lamb; a lamb
brought up by hand.
2. Any person or animal especially cherished and
indulged; a fondling; a darling; often, a favorite child.
The love of cronies, pets, and favorites.
Tatler.
3. [Prob. fr. Pet a fondling, hence, the
behavior or humor of a spoiled child.] A slight fit of
peevishness or fretfulness. \'bdIn a pet she
started up.\'b8
Tennyson.
Pet, a. Petted; indulged; admired;
cherished; as, a pet child; a pet lamb; a
pet theory.
Some young lady's pet curate.
F. Harrison.
Pet cock. [Perh. for petty
cock.] (Mach.) A little faucet in a
water pipe or pump, to let air out, or at the end of a steam
cylinder, to drain it.<-- also petcock -->
Pet, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Petted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Petting.] To treat as a pet; to fondle;
to indulge; as, she was petted and
spoiled.
Pet, v. i. To be a pet.
Feltham.
Pet"al (?), n. [Gr. / a leaf,
a leaf or plate of metal, fr. / outspread, broad, flat: cf. F.
p\'82tale. See Fathom.] 1.
(Bot.) One of the leaves of the corolla, or the
colored leaves of a flower. See Corolla, and
Illust. of Flower.
2. (Zo\'94l.) One of the expanded
ambulacra which form a rosette on the black of certain
Echini.
Pet"aled (?), a. (Bot.)
Having petals; as, a petaled flower; --
opposed to apetalous, and much used in compounds;
as, one-petaled, three-petaled,
etc.
Pet`al*if"er*ous (?), a.
[Petal + -ferous.] Bearing
petals.
Pe*tal"i*form (?), a.
(Bot.) Having the form of a petal; petaloid;
petal-shaped.
Pet"al*ine (?), a. [Cf. F.
p\'82talin.] (Bot.) Pertaining
to a petal; attached to, or resembling, a petal.
Pet"al*ism (?), n. [Gr. /,
fr. / a leaf: cf. F. p\'82talisme.] (Gr.
Antiq.) A form of sentence among the ancient
Syracusans by which they banished for five years a citizen
suspected of having dangerous influence or ambition. It was
similar to the ostracism in Athens; but olive leaves
were used instead of shells for ballots.
Pet"al*ite (?), n. [Cf. F.
p\'82talite.] (Min.) A rare
mineral, occurring crystallized and in cleavable masses, usually
white, or nearly so, in color. It is a silicate of aluminia and
lithia.
Pe*tal"o*dy (?), n.
[Petal + Gr. / form.] (Bot.)
The metamorphosis of various floral organs, usually stamens,
into petals.
Pet"al*oid (?), a.
[Petal + -oid: cf. F.
p\'82talo\'8bde.] (Bot.)
Petaline.
Pet`al*oid"e*ous (?), a.
(Bot.) Having the whole or part of the perianth
petaline.
Petaloideous division, that division of
endogenous plants in which the perianth is wholly or partly
petaline, embracing the Liliace\'91,
Orchidace\'91, Amaryllide\'91,
etc.
\'d8Pet`a*los"ti*cha (?), n. pl.
[NL., from Gr. / a leaf + / a row.]
(Zo\'94l.) An order of Echini, including the
irregular sea urchins, as the spatangoids. See
Spatangoid.
Pet"al*ous (?), a. Having
petals; petaled; -- opposed to apetalous.
\'d8Pet"a*lum (?), n.; pl.
Petala (#). [NL.] A
petal.
Pe*tar" (?), n. See
Petard. [Obs.] \'bdHoist with his own
petar.\'b8
Shak.
Pe*tard" (?), n. [F.
p\'82tard, fr. p\'82ter to break wind, to
crack, to explode, L. pedere,
peditum.] (Mil.) A case
containing powder to be exploded, esp. a conical or cylindrical
case of metal filled with powder and attached to a plank, to be
exploded against and break down gates, barricades, drawbridges,
etc. It has been superseded.
{ Pet`ar*deer", Pet`ar*dier" }
(?), n. [F.
p\'82tardier.] (Mil.) One who
managed a petard.
\'d8Pet"a*sus (?), n. [L., from
Gr. /.] (Gr. & Rom. Antiq.) The winged
cap of Mercury; also, a broad-brimmed, low-crowned hat worn by
Greeks and Romans.
Pe*tau"rist (?), n. [L.
petaurista a ropedancer, Gr. /, fr. / to dance on
a rope, fr. / a pole, a stage for ropedancers: cf. F.
p\'82tauriste.] (Zo\'94l.) Any
flying marsupial of the genera Petaurus,
Phalangista, Acrobata, and allied genera.
See Flying mouse, under Flying, and
Phalangister.
\'d8Pe*tech"i*\'91 (?), n. pl.;
sing. Petechia (/).
[NL., fr. LL. peteccia; cf. F.
p\'82t\'82chie, It. petecchia, Sp.
petequia, Gr. / a label, plaster.]
(Med.) Small crimson, purple, or livid spots,
like flea-bites, due to extravasation of blood, which appear on
the skin in malignant fevers, etc.
Pe*tech"i*al (?), a. [Cf. F.
p\'82t\'82chial, LL. petecchialis.]
(Med.) Characterized by, or pertaining to,
petechi\'91; spotted.
Petechial fever, a malignant fever,
accompanied with livid spots on the skin.
Pe"ter (?), n. A common
baptismal name for a man. The name of one of the apostles,
Peter boat, a fishing boat, sharp at both
ends, originally of the Baltic Sea, but now common in certain
English rivers. -- Peter Funk, the auctioneer
in a mock auction. [Cant, U.S.] --
Peter pence, Peter's
pence. (a) An annual tax or tribute,
formerly paid by the English people to the pope, being a penny
for every house, payable on Lammas or St.Peter's day; -- called
also Rome scot, and hearth
money. (b) In modern times, a
voluntary contribution made by Roman Catholics to the private
purse of the pope. -- Peter's fish
(Zo\'94l.), a haddock; -- so called because the
black spots, one on each side, behind the gills, are
traditionally said to have been caused by the fingers of St.
Peter, when he caught the fish to pay the tribute. The name is
applied, also, to other fishes having similar spots.
<-- p. 1073 -->
Pet"er (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Petered
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Petering.] [Etymol. uncertain.]
To become exhausted; to run out; to fail; -- used generally
with out; as, that mine has petered
out. [Slang, U.S.]
Pet"er*el (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) See Petrel.
Pet`e*re"ro (?), n.
(Mil.) See Pederero.
Pe"ter*man (?), n.; pl.
Petermen (/). A fisherman; -- so
called after the apostle Peter. [An obs. local term
in Eng.]
Chapman.
Pe"ter*sham (?), n. [Named
after Lord Petersham.] A rough, knotted
woolen cloth, used chiefly for men's overcoats; also, a coat of
that material.
Pe"ter*wort` (?), n.
(Bot.) See Saint Peter's-wort, under
Saint.
{ Pet"i*o*lar (?), Pet"i*o*la*ry
(?), } a. [Cf. F.
p\'82tiolarie.] (Bot.) Of or
pertaining to petiole, or proceeding from it; as, a
petiolar tendril; growing or supported upon a
petiole; as, a petiolar gland; a petiolar
bud.
{ Pet"i*o*late (?),
Pet"i*o*la`ted (?), } a.
(Bot. & Zo\'94l.) Having a stalk or petiole;
as, a petioleate leaf; the petiolated
abdomen of certain Hymenoptera.
Pet"i*ole (?), n. [F.
p\'82tiole, fr. L. petiolus a little foot,
a fruit stalk; cf. pes, pedis, a
foot.] 1. (Bot.) A leafstalk; the
footstalk of a leaf, connecting the blade with the stem. See
Illust. of Leaf.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A stalk or peduncle.
Pet"i*oled (?), a.
Petiolate.
Pet`i*ol"u*late (?), a.
(Bot.) Supported by its own petiolule.
Gray.
Pet"i*o*lule (?), n. [Cf. F.
p\'82tiolule.] (Bot.) A small
petiole, or the petiole of a leaflet.
Pet"it (?), a. [F. See
Petty.] Small; little; insignificant; mean;
-- Same as Petty. [Obs., except in legal
language.]
By what small, petit hints does the mind catch hold
of and recover a vanishing notion.
South.
Petit constable, an inferior civil officer,
subordinate to the high constable. -- Petit jury,
a jury of twelve men, impaneled to try causes at the bar of a
court; -- so called in distinction from the grand
jury. -- Petit larceny, the stealing of
goods of, or under, a certain specified small value; -- opposed
to grand larceny. The distinction is abolished in
England. -- Petit ma\'8ctre (/).
[F., lit., little master.] A fop; a coxcomb; a
ladies' man. Goldsmith. -- Petit
serjeanty (Eng. Law), the tenure of lands of
the crown, by the service of rendering annually some implement of
war, as a bow, an arrow, a sword, a flag, etc. -- Petit
treason, formerly, in England, the crime of killing a
person to whom the offender owed duty or subjection, as one's
husband, master, mistress, etc. The crime is now not
distinguished from murder.
Pe*ti"tion (?), n. [F.
p\'82tition, L. petitio, fr.
petere, petitum, to beg, ask, seek; perh.
akin to E. feather, or find.]
1. A prayer; a supplication; an imploration; an
entreaty; especially, a request of a solemn or formal kind; a
prayer to the Supreme Being, or to a person of superior power,
rank, or authority; also, a single clause in such a prayer.
A house of prayer and petition for thy people.
1 Macc. vii. 37.
This last petition heard of all her prayer.
Dryden.
2. A formal written request addressed to an
official person, or to an organized body, having power to grant
it; specifically (Law), a supplication to government,
in either of its branches, for the granting of a particular grace
or right; -- in distinction from a memorial, which
calls certain facts to mind; also, the written document.
Petition of right (Law), a petition
to obtain possession or restitution of property, either real or
personal, from the Crown, which suggests such a title as
controverts the title of the Crown, grounded on facts disclosed
in the petition itself. Mozley & W. -- The
Petition of Right (Eng. Hist.), the
parliamentary declaration of the rights of the people, assented
to by Charles I.
Pe*ti"tion, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Petitioned (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Petitioning.] To make a prayer
or request to; to ask from; to solicit; to entreat; especially,
to make a formal written supplication, or application to, as to
any branch of the government; as, to petition the
court; to petition the governor.
You have . . . petitioned all the gods for my
prosperity.
Shak.
Pe*ti"tion, v. i. To make a petition or
solicitation.
Pe*ti"tion*a*ri*ly (?), adv. By
way of begging the question; by an assumption.
[R.]
Sir T. Browne.
Pe*ti"tion*a*ry (?), a. 1.
Supplicatory; making a petition.
Pardon Rome, and any petitionary countrymen.
Shak.
2. Containing a petition; of the nature of a
petition; as, a petitionary epistle.
Swift.
Pe*ti`tion*ee" (?), n. A person
cited to answer, or defend against, a petition.
Pe*ti"tion*er (?), n. One who
presents a petition.
Pe*ti"tion*ing, n. The act of presenting
apetition; a supplication.
Pet"i*tor (?), n. [L., fr.
petere to seek.] One who seeks or asks; a
seeker; an applicant. [R.]
Fuller.
Pet"i*to*ry (?), a. [L.
petitorius, fr. petere, petitum,
to beg, ask: cf. F. p\'82titore.]
Petitioning; soliciting; supplicating.
Sir W. Hamilton.
Petitory suit action
(Admiralty Law), a suit in which the mere title to
property is litigated and sought to be enforced, as distinguished
from a possessory suit; also (Scots Law), a
suit wherein the plaintiff claims something as due him by the
defendant.
Burrill.
Pe*tong" (?), n. (Metal.)
See Packfong.
Pe*tral"o*gy (?), n. See
Petrology.
Pet"ra*ry (?), n. [L.
petra stone. Cf. Sp. petraria, and E.
Pederero.] An ancient war engine for hurling
stones.
Pe*tre"an (?), a. [L.
petraeus, Gr. /, fr. / a rock.] Of or
pertaining to to rock.
G. S. Faber.
Pe"tre (?), n. See
Saltpeter.
Pe"trel (?), n. [F.
p\'82trel; a dim. of the name Peter, L.
Petrus, Gr. / a stone (John
i.42); -- probably so called in allusion to
St.Peter's walking on the sea. See
Petrify.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of
numerous species of longwinged sea birds belonging to the family
Procellarid\'91. The small petrels, or Mother Carey's
chickens, belong to Oceanites,
Oceanodroma,
Procellaria, and several allied
genera.
Diving petrel, any bird of the genus
Pelecanoides. They chiefly inhabit the southern
hemisphere. -- Fulmar petrel, Giant
petrel. See Fulmar. --
Pintado petrel, the Cape pigeon. See under
Cape. -- Pintado petrel, any one of
several small petrels, especially Procellaria
pelagica, or Mother Carey's chicken, common on both sides
of the Atlantic.
Pe*tres"cence (?), n. The
process of changing into stone; petrification.
Pe*tres"cent (?), a. [L.
petra rock, stone, Gr. /.] Petrifying;
converting into stone; as, petrescent
water.
Boyle.
Pet`ri*fac"tion (?), n. [See
Petrify.] 1. The process of
petrifying, or changing into stone; conversion of any organic
matter (animal or vegetable) into stone, or a substance of stony
hardness.
2. The state or condition of being petrified.
3. That which is petrified; popularly, a body
incrusted with stony matter; an incrustation.
4. Fig.: Hardness; callousness; obduracy.
\'bdPetrifaction of the soul.\'b8
Cudworth.
Pet`ri*fac"tive (?), a. 1.
Having the quality of converting organic matter into stone;
petrifying.
2. Pertaining to, or characterized by,
petrifaction.
The . . . petrifactive mutations of hard
bodies.
Sir T. Browne.
Pe*trif"ic (?), a. [Cf. F.
p\'82trifique.] Petrifying;
petrifactive.
Death with his mace petrific, cold and dry.
Milton.
Pet"ri*fi*cate (?), v. t. To
petrify. [Obs.]
Our hearts petrificated were.
J. Hall (1646).
Pet`ri*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [Cf.
F. p\'82trification. See Petrify.]
1. See Petrifaction.
2. Fig.: Obduracy; callousness.
Hallywell.
Pet"ri*fy (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Petrified
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Petrifying
(?).] [L. petra rock, Gr.
/ (akin to / a stone) + -fy: cf. F.
p\'82trifier. Cf. Parrot, Petrel,
Pier.] 1. To convert, as any animal
or vegetable matter, into stone or stony substance.
A river that petrifies any sort of wood or
leaves.
Kirwan.
2. To make callous or obdurate; to stupefy; to
paralyze; to transform; as by petrifaction; as, to
petrify the heart. Young.
\'bdPetrifying accuracy.\'b8
Sir W. Scott.
And petrify a genius to a dunce.
Pope.
The poor, petrified journeyman, quite unconscious
of what he was doing.
De Quincey.
A hideous fatalism, which ought, logically, to
petrify your volition.
G. Eliot.
Pet"ri*fy, v. i. 1. To become
stone, or of a stony hardness, as organic matter by calcareous
deposits.
2. Fig.: To become stony, callous, or
obdurate.
Like Niobe we marble grow,
And petrify with grief.
Dryden.
Pe"trine (?), a. Of or
pertaining to St.Peter; as, the Petrine
Epistles.
Pet"ro- (?). A combining form from Gr. /
a rock, / a stone; as,
petrology, petroglyphic.
Pe*trog"a*le (?), n. [NL., fr.
Gr. / a rock + / a weasel.] (Zo\'94l.)
Any Australian kangaroo of the genus Petrogale,
as the rock wallaby (P. penicillata).
Pet`ro*glyph"ic (?), a. Of or
pertaining to petroglyphy.
Pe*trog"ly*phy (?), n.
[Petro + Gr. / to carve.] The art or
operation of carving figures or inscriptions on rock or
stone.
{ Pet`ro*graph"ic (?),
Pet`ro*graph"ic*al (?), } a.
Pertaining to petrography.
Pe*trog"ra*phy (?), n.
[Petro + -graphy.] 1.
The art of writing on stone.
2. The scientific description of rocks; that
department of science which investigates the constitution of
rocks; petrology.
Pet`ro*hy"oid (?), a.
[Petro + hyoid.]
(Anat.) Pertaining to petrous, oe periotic,
portion of the skull and the hyoid arch; as, the
petrohyoid muscles of the frog.
Pe*trol" (?), n.
Petroleum. [R.]
Pet`ro*la"tum (?), n. (Chem. &
Pharm.) A semisolid unctuous substance, neutral, and
without taste or odor, derived from petroleum by distilling off
the lighter portions and purifying the residue. It is a
yellowish, fatlike mass, transparent in thin layers, and somewhat
fluorescent. It is used as a bland protective dressing, and as a
substitute for fatty materials in ointments.
U. S. Pharm.
Petrolatum is the official name for the
purified product. Cosmoline and vaseline
are commercial names for substances essentially the same, but
differing slightly in appearance and consistency or
fusibility.
Pe*tro"le*um (?), n. [NL., fr.
L. petra a rock + oleum oil: cf. F.
p\'82trole. Cf. Petrify, and
Oil.] Rock oil, mineral oil, or natural oil,
a dark brown or greenish inflammable liquid, which, at certain
points, exists in the upper strata of the earth, from whence it
is pumped, or forced by pressure of the gas attending it. It
consists of a complex mixture of various hydrocarbons, largely of
the methane series, but may vary much in appearance, composition,
and properties. It is refined by distillation, and the products
include kerosene, benzine, gasoline, paraffin, etc.
Petroleum spirit, a volatile liquid obtained
in the distillation of crude petroleum at a temperature of
170\'f8 Fahr., or below. The term is rather loosely applied to a
considerable range of products, including benzine and ligroin.
The terms petroleum ether, and naphtha, are
sometimes applied to the still more volatile products, including
rhigolene, gasoline, cymogene, etc.
{ \'d8P\'82`tro`leur" (?), n.
m. \'d8P\'82`tro`leuse" (?), n.
f. }[F.] One who makes use of
petroleum for incendiary purposes.
Pet"ro*line (?), n.
(Chem.) A paraffin obtained from petroleum from
Rangoon in India, and practically identical with ordinary
paraffin.
{ Pet`ro*log"ic (?),
Pet`ro*log"ic*al (?), } a.
Of or pertaining to petrology.
Pet`ro*log"ic*al*ly, adv. According to
petrology.
Pe*trol"o*gist (?), n. One who
is versed in petrology.
Pe*trol"o*gy (?), n.
[Petro + -logy.] 1.
The department of science which is concerned with the
mineralogical and chemical composition of rocks, and with their
classification: lithology.
2. A treatise on petrology.
Pet`ro*mas"toid (?), a.
[Petro + mastoid.]
(Anat.) Of or pertaining to the petrous and
mastoid parts of the temporal bone, periotic.
Pet`ro*my"zont (?), n.
[Petro + Gr. / to suck in.]
(Zo\'94l.) A lamprey.
Pet`ro*nel (?), n. [OF.
petrinal, fr. peitrine, petrine,
the breast, F. poitrine; so called because it was
placed against the breast in order to fire. See
Poitrel.] A sort of hand cannon, or portable
firearm, used in France in the 15th century.
Pe*tro"sal (?), a. [See
Petrous.] (Anat.) (a)
Hard; stony; petrous; as, the petrosal bone;
petrosal part of the temporal bone.
(b) Of, pertaining to, or in the region of, the
petrous, or petrosal, bone, or the corresponding part of the
temporal bone.
Petrosal bone (Anat.), a bone
corresponding to the petrous portion of the temporal bone of man;
or one forming more or less of the periotic capsule.
Pe*tro"sal, n. (Anat.)
(a) A petrosal bone. (b) The
auditory capsule.
Owen.
Pet`ro*si"lex (?), n.
[Petro + silex.]
(Min.) Felsite.
Pet`ro*si*li"cious (?), a.
Containing, or consisting of, petrosilex.
Pet`ro*ste"a*rine (?), n.
[Petro + stearine.] A solid
unctuous material, of which candles are made.
Pe"trous (?), a. [L.
petrosus, fr. petra a stone.]
1. Like stone; hard; stony; rocky; as, the
petrous part of the temporal bone.
Hooper.
2. (Anat.) Same as
Petrosal.
Pet"ti*chaps (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) See Pettychaps.
Pet"ti*coat (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) [Petty +
coat.] A loose under-garment worn by women,
and covering the body below the waist.
Petticoat government, government by women,
whether in politics or domestic affairs.
[Colloq.] -- Petticoat pipe
(Locomotives), a short, flaring pipe surrounding
the blast nozzle in the smoke box, to equalize the
draft.
Pet"ti*fog (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Pettifogged
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pettifogging
(?).] [Petty +
fog to pettifog.] To do a petty business as
a lawyer; also, to do law business in a petty or tricky
way. \'bdHe takes no money, but pettifogs
gratis.\'b8
S. Butler.
Pet"ti*fog, v. t. To advocate like a
pettifogger; to argue trickily; as, to pettifog a
claim. [Colloq.]
Pet"ti*fog`ger (?), n. A lawyer
who deals in petty cases; an attorney whose methods are mean and
tricky; an inferior lawyer.
A pettifogger was lord chancellor.
Macaulay.
Pet"ti*fog`ger*y (?), n.; pl.
-ies (/). The practice or arts
of a pettifogger; disreputable tricks; quibbles.
Quirks of law, and pettifoggeries.
Barrow.
Pet"ti*fog`ging (?), a. Paltry;
quibbling; mean.
Pet"ti*fog`ging, n. Pettifoggery.
Pet`ti*fog"u*lize (?), v. i. To
act as a pettifogger; to use contemptible tricks.
De Quincey.
Pet"ti*ly, adv. In a petty manner;
frivolously.
Pet"ti*ness, n. The quality or state of
being petty or paltry; littleness; meanness.
Pet"tish (?), a. [From
Pet.] Fretful; peevish; moody; capricious;
inclined to ill temper. \'bdA pettish kind of
humor.\'b8 Sterne. -- Pet"tish*ly,
adv. -- Pet"tish*ness,
n.
Pet"ti*toes (?), n. pl.
[Petty + toes.] The toes or
feet of a pig, -- often used as food; sometimes, in contempt, the
human feet.
Shak.
\'d8Pet"to (?), n. [It., fr. L.
pectus.] The breast.
In petto, in the breast; hence, in secrecy; in
reserve.
Pet"ty (?), a.
[Compar. Pettier (?);
superl. Pettiest.] [OE.
petit, F. petit; probably of Celtic origin,
and akin to E. piece. Cf. Petit.]
Little; trifling; inconsiderable; also, inferior;
subordinate; as, a petty fault; a petty
prince.
Denham.
Like a petty god
I walked about, admired of all.
Milton.
Petty averages. See under
Average. -- Petty cash, money
expended or received in small items or amounts. --
Petty officer, a subofficer in the navy, as a
gunner, etc., corresponding to a noncommissionned officer in the
army.
petty constable, petty
jury, petty larceny, petty treason,
See Petit.
Syn. -- Little; diminutive; inconsiderable; inferior;
trifling; trivial; unimportant; frivolous.
<-- p. 1074 -->
Pet"ty*chaps (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of small
European singing birds of the subfamily Sylviin\'91,
as the willow warbler, the chiff-chaff, and the golden warbler
(Sylvia hortensis).
Pet"ty*whin (?), n.
[Petty + whin.]
(Bot.) The needle furze. See under
Needle.
{ Pet"u*lance (?), Pet"u*lan*cy
(?), } n. [L.
petulania: cf. F. p\'82tulance. See
Petulant.] The quality or state of being
petulant; temporary peevishness; pettishness; capricious ill
humor. \'bdThe petulancy of our words.\'b8
B. Jonson.
Like pride in some, and like petulance in
others.
Clarendon.
The lowering eye, the petulance, the frown.
Cowper.
Syn. -- Petulance, Peevishness. --
Peevishness implies the permanence of a sour, fretful
temper; petulance implies temporary or capricious
irritation.
Pet"u*lant (?), a. [L.
petulans, -antis, prop., making slight
attacks upon, from a lost dim. of petere to fall upon,
to attack: cf. F. p\'82tulant. See
Petition.] 1. Forward; pert;
insolent; wanton. [Obs.]
Burton.
2. Capriciously fretful; characterized by
ill-natured freakishness; irritable.
\'bdPetulant moods.\'b8
Macaulay.
Syn. -- Irritable; ill-humored; peevish; cross; fretful;
querulous.
Pet"u*lant*ly, adv. In a petulant
manner.
Pe*tul"ci*ty (?), n. [See
Petulcous.] Wantonness; friskiness.
[Obs.]
Bp. Hall.
Pe*tul"cous (?), a. [L.
petulcus. Cf. Petulant.] Wanton;
frisky; lustful. [Obs.]
J. V. Cane.
Pe*tu"ni*a (?), n. [NL., fr.
Braz. petun tobacco.] (Bot.) A
genus of solanaceous herbs with funnelform or salver-shaped
corollas. Two species are common in cultivation, Petunia
violacera, with reddish purple flowers, and P.
nyctaginiflora, with white flowers. There are also
many hybrid forms with variegated corollas.
{ Pe*tunse", Pe*tuntse",
Pe*tuntze" } (?), n.
[From Chinese.] Powdered fledspar, kaolin, or
quartz, used in the manufacture of porcelain.
Pet"worth mar"ble (?). A kind of shell
marble occurring in the Wealden clay at Petworth, in Sussex,
England; -- called also Sussex marble.
Petz"ite (?), n. [From
Petz, who analyzed it.] (Min.) A
telluride of silver and gold, related to hessite.
Peu*ced"a*nin (?), n.
(Chem.) A tasteless white crystalline substance,
extracted from the roots of the sulphurwort
(Peucedanum), masterwort (Imperatoria), and
other related plants; -- called also
imperatorin.
Peu"cil (?), n. [Gr. / pine
tree.] (Chem.) A liquid resembling
camphene, obtained by treating turpentine hydrochloride with
lime. [Written also peucyl.]
Pew (?), n. [OE.
pewe, OF. puie parapet, balustrade,
balcony, fr. L. podium an elevated place, a jutty,
balcony, a parapet or balcony in the circus, where the emperor
and other distinguished persons sat, Gr. /, dim. of /, /,
foot; -- hence the Latin sense of a raised place (orig. as a rest
or support for the foot). See Foot, and cf.
Podium, Poy.] 1. One of the
compartments in a church which are separated by low partitions,
and have long seats upon which several persons may sit; --
sometimes called slip. Pews were originally
made square, but are now usually long and narrow.
2. Any structure shaped like a church pew, as a
stall, formerly used by money lenders, etc.; a box in theater; a
pen; a sheepfold. [Obs.]
Pepys. Milton.
Pew opener, an usher in a church.
[Eng.]
Dickens.
Pew, v. t. To furnish with pews.
[R.]
Ash.
Pe"wee (?), n. [So called from
its note.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) A common
American tyrant flycatcher (Sayornis ph\'d2be, or
S. fuscus). Called also pewit, and
ph\'d2be.
2. The woodcock. [Local, U.S.]
Wood pewee (Zo\'94l.), a bird
(Contopus virens) similar to the pewee (See
Pewee, 1), but of smaller size.
Pe"wet (?), n. (Zo\'94l.)
Same as Pewit.
Pew"fel`low (?), n. 1.
One who occupies the same pew with another.
2. An intimate associate; a companion.
Shak.
Pe"wit (?), n. [Prob. of
imitative origin; cf. OD. piewit, D.
kievit, G. kibitz.]
(Zo\'94l.) (a) The lapwing.
(b) The European black-headed, or laughing, gull
(Xema ridibundus). See under Laughing.
(c) The pewee. [Written also
peevit, peewit, pewet.]
Pew"ter (?), n. [OE.
pewtyr, OF. peutre, peautre,
piautre: cf. D. peauter,
piauter, It. peltro, Sp. & Pg.
peltre, LL. peutreum, pestrum.
Cf. Spelter.] 1. A hard, tough, but
easily fusible, alloy, originally consisting of tin with a little
lead, but afterwards modified by the addition of copper,
antimony, or bismuth.
2. Utensils or vessels made of pewter, as dishes,
porringers, drinking vessels, tankards, pots.
Pewter was formerly much used for
domestic utensils. Inferior sorts contain a large proportion of
lead.
Pew"ter*er (?), n. One whose
occupation is to make utensils of pewter; a pewtersmith.
Shak.
Pew"ter*y (?), a. Belonging to,
or resembling, pewter; as, a pewtery
taste.
Pex"i*ty (?), n. [L.
pexitas, fr. pexus woolly, nappy, p.p. of
pectere to comb.] Nap of cloth.
[Obs.]
Pey"er's glands` (?). [So called from
J.K.Peyer, who described them in 1677.]
(Anat.) Pathches of lymphoid nodules, in the
walls of the small intestiness; agminated glands; -- called also
Peyer's patches. In typhoid fever they become
the seat of ulcers which are regarded as the characteristic
organic lesion of that disease.
Pey"trel (?), n. [OF.
peitral. See Poitrel.] (Anc.
Armor) The breastplate of a horse's armor or harness.
[Spelt also peitrel.] See
Poitrel. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
\'d8Pe*zi"za (?), n. [NL.,
corrupt. from L. pezica a sessile mushroom, fr. Gr.
/, fr. /, /, a foot.] (Bot.) A genus
of fungi embracing a great number of species, some of which are
remarkable for their regular cuplike form and deep colors.
Pez"i*zoid (?), a.
[Peziza + -oid.]
(Bot.) Resembling a fungus of the genus Peziza;
having a cuplike form.
\'d8Pfen"nig (?), n.; pl.
Pfennigs (#), G. Pfennige
(#). [G. See Penny.] A
small copper coin of Germany. It is the hundredth part of a mark,
or about a quarter of a cent in United States currency.
\'d8Pha*cel"lus (?), n.; pl.
Phacelli (#). [NL., fr. Gr. / a
bundle of fagots.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the
filaments on the inner surface of the gastric cavity of certain
jellyfishes.
Phac"o*chere (?), n. [Gr. / a
lentil seed, a wart + / a pig.] (Zo\'94l.)
The wart hog.
Pha"coid (?), a. [Gr. / a
lentil + -oid.] Resembling a lentil;
lenticular.
Phac"o*lite (?), n. [Gr. /
lentil + -lite.] (Min.) A
colorless variety of chabazite; the original was from Leipa, in
Bohemia.
\'d8Pha"cops (?), n. [NL., fr.
Gr. / a lentil + /, /, the eye.] (Paleon.)
A genus of trilobites found in the Silurian and Devonian
formations. Phacops bufo is one of the most common
species.
Ph\'91*a"cian (?), a. Of or
pertaining to the Ph\'91acians, a fabulous seafaring people fond
of the feast, the lyre, and the dance, mentioned by Homer.
Ph\'91"no*gam (?), n.
(Bot.) Any plant of the class
Ph\'91nogamia.
\'d8Ph\'91`no*ga"mi*a (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. / to show + / marriage.]
(Bot.) The class of flowering plants including
all which have true flowers with distinct floral organs;
phanerogamia.
{ Ph\'91`no*ga"mi*an (?),
Ph\'91`no*gam"ic (?), } a.
Same as Ph\'91nogamous.
Ph\'91*nog"a*mous (?), a.
(Bot.) Having true flowers with with distinct
floral organs; flowering.
Ph\'91*nom"e*non (?), n.
[L.] See Phenomenon.
Ph\'91"o*spore (?), n. [Gr. /
dusky + E. spore.] (Bot.) A
brownish zo\'94spore, characteristic of an order
(Ph\'91ospore\'91) of dark green or olive-colored
alg\'91. -- Ph\'91`o*spor"ic
(#), a.
Pha"\'89*thon (?), n. [L.,
Pha\'89thon (in sense 1), fr. Gr. /, fr. /, /, to shine.
See Phantom.] 1. (Class.
Myth.) The son of Helios (Ph\'d2bus), that is, the son
of light, or of the sun. He is fabled to have obtained permission
to drive the chariot of the sun, in doing which his want of skill
would have set the world on fire, had he not been struck with a
thunderbolt by Jupiter, and hurled headlong into the river
Po.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of oceanic birds
including the tropic birds.
Pha"\'89*ton (?), n. [F.
pha\'82ton a kind of carriage, fr.
Pha\'82thon Pha\'89thon, the son of Helios. See
Pha\'89thon.] 1. A four-wheeled
carriage (with or without a top), open, or having no side pieces,
in front of the seat. It is drawn by one or two horses.
2. See Pha\'89thon.
3. (Zo\'94l.) A handsome American
butterfly (Euphydryas, ).
The upper side of the wings is black, with orange-red spots and
marginal crescents, and several rows of cream-colored spots; --
called also Baltimore.
Phag`e*de"na (?), n. [L.
phagedaena, Gr. /, fr. / to eat.]
(Med.) (a) A canine appetite;
bulimia. [Obs.] (b) Spreading,
obstinate ulceration.
{ Phag`e*den"ic (?),
Phag`e*den"ic*AL (?), } a.
[L. phagedaenicus, Gr. /: cf. F.
phag\'82d\'82nique.] (Med.) Of,
like, or pertaining to, phagedena; used in the treatment of
phagedena; as, a phagedenic ulcer or
medicine. -- n. A phagedenic
medicine.
Phag`e*de"nous (?), a.
(Med.) Phagedenic.
Phag"o*cyte (?), n. [Gr. / to
eat + / a hollow vessel.] (Physiol.) A
leucocyte which plays a part in retrogressive processes by taking
up (eating), in the form of fine granules, the parts to be
removed.
\'d8Pha*i`no*pep"la (?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. / shining + / robe.]
(Zo\'94l.) A small crested passerine bird
(Pha\'8bnopepla nitens), native of Mexico and the
Southern United States. The adult male is of a uniform glossy
blue-black; the female is brownish. Called also black
flycatcher.
Phak"o*scope (?), n. [Gr. / a
lentil, or lenticular body + -scope.]
(Physiol.) An instrument for studying the
mechanism of accommodation.
\'d8Pha*l\'91"na (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. /, /, a kind od moth.] (Zo\'94l.)
A linn\'91an genus which included the moths in
general.
Pha*l\'91"nid (?), n. [Gr. /,
/, a kind od moth.] (Zo\'94l.) Any moth
of the family Phal\'91nid\'91, of which the
cankerworms are examples; a geometrid.
{ Pha*lan"ge*al (?), Pha*lan"gal
(?), } a. Of or pertaining to the
phalanges. See Phalanx, 2.
Pha*lan"ger (?), n. [Cf. F.
phalanger. See Phalanx.]
(Zo\'94l.) Any marsupial belonging to
Phalangista, Cuscus, Petaurus,
and other genera of the family Phalangistid\'91. They
are arboreal, and the species of Petaurus are
furnished with lateral parachutes. See Flying
phalanger, under Flying.
\'d8Pha*lan"ges (?), n.,
pl. of Phalanx.
{ Pha*lan"gi*al (?),
Pha*lan"gi*an (?), } a.
(Anat.) Phalangeal.
Pha*lan"gid (?), n.; pl.
Phalangides (/).
(Zo\'94l.) One of the Phalangoidea.
Pha*lan"gi*ous (?), a. [L.
phalangium a kind of venomous spider, Gr. /, fr. /
a spider. Cf. Phalanx.] (Zo\'94l.)
Of or pertaining to Phalangoidea.
Pha*lan"gist (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) Any arboreal marsupial of the genus
Phalangista. The vulpine phalangist (P.
vulpina) is the largest species, the full grown male being
about two and a half feet long. It has a large bushy tail.
<-- Spanish history -- member of the Phalange -->
{ Phal`an*gis"ter (?),
Phal`an*gis"tine (?), } n.
(Zo\'94l.) Same as Phalangist.
Phal"an*gite (?), n. [Gr. /:
cf. F. phalangite.] A soldier belonging to
a phalanx. [Obs.]
\'d8Phal`an*goi"de*a (?), n. pl.
[NL., from Phalangium the daddy longlegs (see
Phalangious) + Gr. / form.]
(Zo\'94l.) A division of Arachnoidea, including
the daddy longlegs or harvestman (Phalangium) and many
similar kinds. They have long, slender, many-jointed legs;
usually a rounded, segmented abdomen; and chelate jaws. They
breathe by trache\'91. Called also
Phalangides,
Phalangidea,
Phalangiida, and
Opilionea.
\'d8Pha`lan`st\'82re" (?), n.
[F.] A phalanstery.
Phal`an*ste"ri*an (?), a. [F.
phalanst\'82rien, a. & n.] Of or pertaining
to phalansterianism.
Phal`an*ste"ri*an, n. One who favors the
system of phalansteries proposed by Fourier.
{ Pha*lan"ster*ism (?),
Phal`an*ste"ri*an*ism (?), }
n. A system of phalansteries proposed by Fourier;
Fourierism.
Phal"an*ster*y (?), n.; pl.
-ies (#). [F.
phalanst\'8are, fr. Gr. / a phalanx + / firm,
solid.] 1. An association or community
organized on the plan of Fourier. See Fourierism.
2. The dwelling house of a Fourierite
community.
Pha"lanx (?), n.; pl.
Phalanxes (#), L. Phalanges
(#). [L., from Gr. /.] 1.
(Gr. Antiq.) A body of heavy-armed infantry
formed in ranks and files close and deep. There were several
different arrangements, the phalanx varying in depth from four to
twenty-five or more ranks of men. \'bdIn cubic
phalanx firm advanced.\'b8
Milton.
The Grecian phalanx, moveless as a tower.
Pope.
2. Any body of troops or men formed in close array,
or any combination of people distinguished for firmness and
solidity of a union.
At present they formed a united phalanx.
Macaulay.
The sheep recumbent, and the sheep that grazed,
All huddling into phalanx, stood and gazed.
Cowper.
3. A Fourierite community; a phalanstery.
4. (Anat.) One of the digital bones of
the hand or foot, beyond the metacarpus or metatarsus; an
internode.
5. [pl. Phalanges.]
(Bot.) A group or bundle of stamens, as in
polyadelphous flowers.
Phal"a*rope (?), n. [Gr. /
having a patch of white + /, /, a foot: cf. F.
phalarope.] (Zo\'94l.) Any
species of Phalaropus and allied genera of small
wading birds (Grall\'91), having lobate toes. They are
often seen far from land, swimming in large flocks. Called also
sea goose.
Phal"lic (?), a. [Gr.
/.] Of or pertaining to the phallus, or to
phallism.
Phal"li*cism (?), n. See
Phallism.
Phal"lism (?), n. The worship
of the generative principle in nature, symbolized by the
phallus.
Phal"lus (?), n.; pl.
Phalli (/). [L., a phallus (in
sense 1), Gr. /.] 1. The emblem of the
generative power in nature, carried in procession in the Bacchic
orgies, or worshiped in various ways.
2. (Anat.) The penis or clitoris, or the
embryonic or primitive organ from which either may be
derived.
3. (Bot.) A genus of fungi which have a
fetid and disgusting odor; the stinkhorn.
<-- p. 1075 -->
Phane (?), n. See
Fane. [Obs.]
Joye.
Phan"er*ite (?), a. [Gr. /
visible, from / to bring to light.] Evident;
visible.
Phanerite series (Geol.), the
uppermost part of the earth's crust, consisting of deposits
produced by causes in obvious operation.
\'d8Phan`er*o*car"p\'91 (?), n. pl.
[NL., from Gr. / evident + / fruit (but taken to mean,
ovary).] (Zo\'94l.) Same as
Acraspeda.
Phan`er*o*co*don"ic (?), a.
[Gr. / evident + / a bell.] (Zo\'94l.)
Having an umbrella-shaped or bell-shaped body, with a wide,
open cavity beneath; -- said of certain jellyfishes.
Phan`er*o*crys"tal*line (?), a.
[Gr. / visible + E. crystalline.]
(Geol.) Distinctly crystalline; -- used of rocks.
Opposed to cryptocrystalline.
\'d8Phan`er*o*dac"ty*la (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / evident + / finger.]
(Zo\'94l.) Same as Saurur\'91.
\'d8Phan`er*o*ga"mi*a (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / visible (fr. / to bring to light) + /
marriage.] (Bot.) That one of the two
primary divisions of the vegetable kingdom which contains the
phanerogamic, or flowering, plants.
Phan`er*o*ga"mi*an (?), a.
(Bot.) Phanerogamous.
{ Phan`er*o*gam"ic (?),
Phan`er*og"a*mous (?), } a.
Having visible flowers containing distinct stamens and
pistils; -- said of plants.
Phan`er*o*glos"sal (?), a. [Gr.
/ evident + / tongue.] (Zo\'94l.)Having
a conspicious tongue; -- said of certain reptiles and
insects.
Phan"ta*scope (?), n. [Gr. /
image + -scope.] An optical instrument or
toy, resembling the phenakistoscope, and illustrating the same
principle; -- called also
phantasmascope.
Phan"tasm (?), n. [L.
phantasma. See Phantom, and cf.
Fantasm.] [Spelt also
fantasm.] 1. An image formed by
the mind, and supposed to be real or material; a shadowy or airy
appearance; sometimes, an optical illusion; a phantom; a
dream.
They be but phantasms or apparitions.
Sir W. Raleigh.
2. A mental image or representation of a real
object; a fancy; a notion.
Cudworth.
Figures or little features, of which the description had
produced in you no phantasm or expectation.
Jer. Taylor.
\'d8Phan"tas"ma (?), n.
[L.] A phantasm.
Phan*tas`ma*go"ri*a (?), n.
[NL., from Gr. / a phantasm + / an assembly, fr. / to
gather: cf. F. phantasmagorie.] 1.
An optical effect produced by a magic lantern. The figures
are painted in transparent colors, and all the rest of the glass
is opaque black. The screen is between the spectators and the
instrument, and the figures are often made to appear as in
motion, or to merge into one another.
2. The apparatus by which such an effect is
produced.
3. Fig.: A medley of figures; illusive
images. \'bdThis mental phantasmagoria.\'b8
Sir W. Scott.
Phan*tas`ma*go"ri*al (?), a.
Of, relating to, or resembling phantasmagoria;
phantasmagoric.
Phan*tas`ma*gor"ic (?), a. Of
or pertaining to phantasmagoria; phantasmagorial.
Hawthorne.
Phan*tas"ma*go*ry (?), n. See
Phantasmagoria.
Phan*tas"mal (?), a. Pertaining
to, of the nature of, or resembling, a phantasm; spectral;
illusive.
Phan*tas"ma*scope (?), n. See
Phantascope.
Phan`tas*mat"ic*al (?), a. [L.
phantasmaticus.] Phantasmal.
Dr. H. More.
Phan*tas`ma*tog"ra*phy (?), n.
[Gr. /, /, phantasm + -graphy.] A
description of celestial phenomena, as rainbows, etc.
{ Phan*tas"tic (?),
Phan*tas"tic*al (?), } a.
See Fantastic.
Phan"ta*sy (?), n. See
Fantasy, and Fancy.
Phan"tom (?), n. [OE.
fantome, fantosme, fantesme, OF.
fant\'93me, fr. L. phantasma, Gr. /, fr.
/ to show. See Fancy, and cf. Pha\'89ton,
Phantasm, Phase.] That which has
only an apparent existence; an apparition; a specter; a phantasm;
a sprite; an airy spirit; an ideal image.
Strange phantoms rising as the mists arise.
Pope.
She was a phantom of delight.
Wordsworth.
Phantom ship. See Flying
Dutchman, under Flying. -- Phantom
tumor (Med.), a swelling, especially of the
abdomen, due to muscular spasm, accumulation of flatus, etc.,
simulating an actual tumor in appearance, but disappearing upon
the administration of an an\'91sthetic.
Phan`tom*at"ic, a. Phantasmal.
[R.]
Coleridge.
Pha"raoh (?), n. [Heb.
par\'d3h; of Egyptian origin: cf. L.
pharao, Gr. /. Cf. Faro.] 1.
A title by which the sovereigns of ancient Egypt were
designated.
2. See Faro.
Pharaoh's chicken (Zo\'94l.), the
gier-eagle, or Egyptian vulture; -- so called because often
sculpured on Egyptian monuments. It is nearly white in
color. -- Pharaoh's rat (Zo\'94l.),
the common ichneumon.
Pha"ra*on (?), n. See
Pharaoh, 2.
Phar`a*on"ic (?), a. [Cf. F.
pharaonique.] Of or pertaining to the
Pharaohs, or kings of ancient Egypt.
Phare (?), n. [See
Pharos.] 1. A beacon tower; a
lighthouse. [Obs.]
2. Hence, a harbor.
Howell.
{ Phar`i*sa"ic (?),
Phar`i*sa"ic*al (?), } a.
[L. Pharisaicus, Gr. /: cf. F.
pharisa\'8bque. See Pharisee.]
1. Of or pertaining to the Pharisees; resembling
the Pharisees. \'bdThe Pharisaic sect among the
Jews.\'b8
Cudworth.
2. Hence: Addicted to external forms and
ceremonies; making a show of religion without the spirit of it;
ceremonial; formal; hypocritical; self-righteous. \'bdExcess of
outward and pharisaical holiness. \'b8
Bacon. \'bdPharisaical ostentation.\'b8
Macaulay.
-- Phar`i*sa"ic*al*ly, adv. --
Phar`i*sa"ic*al*ness, n.
Phar`i*sa"ism (?), n. [Cf. F.
pharisaisme.] 1. The notions,
doctrines, and conduct of the Pharisees, as a sect.
Sharp.
2. Rigid observance of external forms of religion,
without genuine piety; hypocrisy in religion; a censorious,
self-righteous spirit in matters of morals or manners.
\'bdA piece of pharisaism.\'b8
Hammond.
Phar`i*se"an (?), a. [L.
Pharisaeus, Gr. /.] Following the
practice of Pharisees; Pharisaic. [Obs.]
\'bdPharisean disciples.\'b8
Milton.
Phar"i*see (?), n. [L.
Pharisaeus, Gr. /, from Heb. p\'berash to
separate.] One of a sect or party among the Jews,
noted for a strict and formal observance of rites and ceremonies
and of the traditions of the elders, and whose pretensions to
superior sanctity led them to separate themselves from the other
Jews.
Phar"i*see*ism (?), n. See
Pharisaism.
{ Phar`ma*cue"tic (?),
Phar`ma*cue"tic*al (?), } a.
[L. pharmaceuticus, Gr. /, fr. /: cf. F.
pharmaceutique. See Pharmacy.] Of
or pertaining to the knowledge or art of pharmacy, or to the art
of preparing medicines according to the rules or formulas of
pharmacy; as, pharmaceutical
preparations. --
Phar`ma*cue"tic*al*ly,
adv.
Pharmaceutical chemistry, that department of
chemistry which ascertains or regulates the composition of
medicinal substances.
Phar`ma*cue"tics (?), n. The
science of preparing medicines.
Phar`ma*cue"tist (?), n. One
skilled in pharmacy; a druggist. See the Note under
Apothecary.
Phar"ma*cist (?), n. One
skilled in pharmacy; a pharmaceutist; a druggist.
Phar`ma*co*dy*nam"ics (?), n.
[Gr. / medicine + E. dynamics.] That
branch of pharmacology which considers the mode of action, and
the effects, of medicines.
Dunglison.
Phar`ma*cog*no"sis (?), n. [Gr.
/ a drug + / a knowing.] That branch of
pharmacology which treats of unprepared medicines or simples; --
called also pharmacography, and
pharmacomathy.
Phar`ma*cog"no*sy (?), n.
Pharmacognosis.<-- now also used to designate the
study of the distribution of and methods for finding medically
useful agents in natural sources, primarily plants. -->
Phar`ma*cog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr.
/ a drug + -graphy.] See
Pharmacognosis.
Phar*mac"o*lite (?), n. [Gr.
/ drug, poisonous drug + -lite: cf. F.
pharmacolithe.] (Min.) A hydrous
arsenate of lime, usually occurring in silky fibers of a white or
grayish color.
Phar`ma*col"o*gist (?), n. [Cf.
F. pharmacologiste.] One skilled in
pharmacology.
Phar`ma*col"o*gy (?), n. [Gr.
/ drug + -logy: cf. F.
pharmacologie.] 1. Knowledge of
drugs or medicines; the art of preparing medicines.
2. A treatise on the art of preparing
medicines.
Phar`ma*com"a*thy (?), n. [Gr.
/ a drug + / to learn.] See
Pharmacognosis.
Phar"ma*con (?), n. [NL., fr.
Gr. /.] A medicine or drug; also, a poison.
Dunglison.
Phar`ma*co*p\'d2"ia (?), n.
[NL., from Gr. / the preparation of medicines; /
medicine + / to make.] 1. A book or
treatise describing the drugs, preparations, etc., used in
medicine; especially, one that is issued by official authority
and considered as an authoritative standard.
2. A chemical laboratory. [Obs.]
Dunglison.
Phar`ma*cop"o*list (?), n. [L.
pharmacopola, Gr. /; / medicine + / to
sell.] One who sells medicines; an apothecary.
Phar`ma*co*sid"er*ite (?), n.
[Gr. / drug, poison + E. siderite.]
(Min.) A hydrous arsenate of iron occurring in
green or yellowish green cubic crystals; cube ore.
Phar"ma*cy (?), n. [OE.
fermacie, OF. farmacie,
pharmacie, F. pharmacie, Gr. /, fr. /
to administer or use medicines, fr. / medicine.]
1. The art or practice of preparing and preserving
drugs, and of compounding and dispensing medicines according to
prescriptions of physicians; the occupation of an apothecary or a
pharmaceutical chemist.
2. A place where medicines are compounded; a drug
store; an apothecary's shop.
Pha"ro (?), n. 1. A
pharos; a lighthouse. [Obs.]
2. See Faro.
Pha*rol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. / a
lighthouse + -logy.] The art or science
which treats of lighthouses and signal lights.
Pha"ros (?), n. [L., fr. Gr.
/, fr. / an island in the Bay of Alexandria, where king
Ptolemy Philadelphus built a famous lighthouse.] A
lighthouse or beacon for the guidance of seamen.
He . . . built a pharos, or lighthouse.
Arbuthnot.
Pha*ryn"gal (?), a.
Pharyngeal.
H. Sweet.
Phar`yn*ge"al (?), a. [See
Pharynx.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining
to the pharynx; in the region of the pharynx.
Phar`yn*ge"al, n. (Anat.) A
pharyngeal bone or cartilage; especially, one of the lower
pharyngeals, which belong to the rudimentary fifth
branchial arch in many fishes, or one of the upper
pharyngeals, or pharyngobranchials, which are the dorsal
elements in the complete branchial arches.
\'d8Phar`yn*gi"tis (?), n. [NL.
See Pharynx, and -itis.]
(Med.) Inflammation of the pharynx.
Pha*ryn`go*bran"chi*al (?), a.
[Pharynx + branchial.]
(Anat.) Of or pertaining to the pharynx and the
branchi\'91; -- applied especially to the dorsal elements in the
branchial arches of fishes. See Pharyngeal. --
n. A pharyngobranchial, or upper
pharyngeal, bone or cartilage.
\'d8Pha*ryn`go*bran"chi*i (?), n.
pl. [NL. See Pharynx, and
Branchia.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as
Leptocardia.
\'d8Phar`yn*gog"na*thi (?), n. pl.
[NL. See Pharynx, and Gnathic.]
(Zo\'94l.) A division of fishes in which the
lower pharyngeal bones are united. It includes the scaroid,
labroid, and embioticoid fishes.
Pha*ryn`go*lar`yn*ge"al (?), a.
[Pharynx + laryngeal.] Of
or pertaining both to pharynx and the larynx.
\'d8Pha*ryn`gop*neus"ta (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / the pharynx + / to breathe.]
(Zo\'94l.) A group of invertebrates including the
Tunicata and Enteropneusta. --
Pha*ryn`gop*neus"tal (#),
a.
Pha*ryn"go*tome (?), n.
(Surg.) An instrument for incising or scarifying
the tonsils, etc.
Phar`yn*got"o*my (?), n.
[Pharynx + Gr. / to cut:
cf. F. pharyngotomie.] (Surg.)
(a) The operation of making an incision into the
pharynx, to remove a tumor or anything that obstructs the
passage. (b) Scarification or incision of the
tonsils.
Phar"ynx (?), n.; pl.
pharynges (#). [NL., fr. Gr. /,
/: cf. F. pharynx.] (Anat.)
The part of the alimentary canal between the cavity of the
mouth and the esophagus. It has one or two external openings
through the nose in the higher vertebrates, and lateral branchial
openings in fishes and some amphibias.
Phas"co*lome (?), n. [Gr. /
pouch + / mouse.] (Zo\'94l.) A marsupial
of the genus Phascolomys; a wombat.
Phase (?), n.; pl.
Phases (#). [NL.
phasis, Gr. /, fr. / to make to appear: cf. F.
phase. See Phenomenon, Phantom, and
Emphasis.] 1. That which is
exhibited to the eye; the appearance which anything manifests,
especially any one among different and varying appearances of the
same object.
2. Any appearance or aspect of an object of mental
apprehension or view; as, the problem has many
phases.
3. (Astron.) A particular appearance or
state in a regularly recurring cycle of changes with respect to
quantity of illumination or form of enlightened disk; as, the
phases of the moon or planets. See
Illust. under Moon.
4. (Physics) Any one point or portion in
a recurring series of changes, as in the changes of motion of one
of the particles constituting a wave or vibration; one portion of
a series of such changes, in distinction from a contrasted
portion, as the portion on one side of a position of equilibrium,
in contrast with that on the opposite side.
Pha"sel (?), n. [L.
phaselus, phaseolus, Gr. /, /: cf. F.
phas\'82ole, fas\'82ole. Cf.
Fesels.] The French bean, or kidney
bean.
Phase"less (?), a. Without a
phase, or visible form. [R.] \'bdA
phaseless and increasing gloom.\'b8
Poe.
\'d8Pha*se"o*lus (?), n.
[L.] (Bot.) A genus of leguminous
plants, including the Lima bean, the kidney bean, the scarlet
runner, etc. See Bean.
Pha`se*o*man"nite (?), n. [So
called because found in the unripe fruit of the bean
(Phaseolus vulgaris).] (Chem.)
Same as Inosite.
\'d8Pha"sis (?), n.; pl.
Phases (#). [NL.] See
Phase.
Creech.
{ Phasm (?), Phas"ma
(?), } n. [L. phasma,
Gr. /. See Phase.] An apparition; a
phantom; an appearance. [R.]
Hammond. Sir T. Herbert.
Phas"mid (?), n. [See
Phasm. Probably so called from its mimicking, or
appearing like, inanimate objects.] (Zo\'94l.)
Any orthopterous insect of the family
Phasmid\'91, as a leaf insect or a stick insect.
Phas"sa*chate (?), n. [Gr. /
the wood pigeon + / the agate.] (Min.)
The lead-colored agate; -- so called in reference to its
color.
Phat"a*gin (?), n. [Cf. Gr.
/; perhaps from native name.] (Zo\'94l.)
The long-tailed pangolin (Manis tetradactyla); --
called also ipi.
Pheas"ant (?), n. [OE.
fesant, fesaunt, OF. faisant,
faisan, F. faisan, L. phasianus,
Gr. / (sc. /) the Phasian bird, pheasant, fr. / a river in
Colchis or Pontus.] 1. (Zo\'94l.)
Any one of numerous species of large gallinaceous birds of
the genus Phasianus, and many other genera of the
family Phasianid\'91, found chiefly in Asia.
<-- # note collocations in notes have italic font in WEB1913 -->
common,
(Phasianus Colchicus) is now found over most of
temperate Europe, but was introduced from Asia. The
ring-necked pheasant (P. torquatus) and the
green pheasant (P. versicolor) have been
introduced into Oregon. The golden pheasant
(Thaumalea picta) is one of the most beautiful
species. The silver pheasant (Euplocamus
nychthemerus) of China, and several related species from
Southern Asia, are very beautiful.
2. (Zo\'94l.) The ruffed grouse.
[Southern U.S.]
pheasants, as the lyre bird, the leipoa, etc.
Fireback pheasant. See Fireback.
-- Gold, Golden,
pheasant (Zo\'94l.), a Chinese
pheasant (Thaumalea picta), having rich, varied
colors. The crest is amber-colored, the rump is golden yellow,
and the under parts are scarlet. -- Mountain
pheasant (Zo\'94l.), the ruffed grouse.
[Local, U.S.] -- Pheasant coucal
(Zo\'94l.), a large Australian cuckoo
(Centropus phasianus). The general color is black,
with chestnut wings and brown tail. Called also pheasant
cuckoo. The name is also applied to other allied
species. -- Pheasant duck. (Zo\'94l.)
(a) The pintail. (b) The hooded
merganser. -- Pheasant parrot
(Zo\'94l.), a large and beautiful Australian
parrakeet (Platycercus Adelaidensis). The male has the
back black, the feathers margined with yellowish blue and
scarlet, the quills deep blue, the wing coverts and cheeks light
blue, the crown, sides of the neck, breast, and middle of the
belly scarlet. -- Pheasant's eye.
(Bot.) (a) A red-flowered herb
(Adonis autumnalis) of the Crowfoot family; -- called
also pheasant's-eye Adonis. (b)
The garden pink (Dianthus plumarius); -- called
also Pheasant's-eye pink. --
Pheasant shell (Zo\'94l.), any marine
univalve shell of the genus Phasianella, of which
numerous species are found in tropical seas. The shell is smooth
and usually richly colored, the colors often forming blotches
like those of a pheasant. -- Pheasant wood.
(Bot.) Same as Partridge wood
(a), under Partridge. -- Sea
pheasant (Zo\'94l.), the pintail. --
Water pheasant. (Zo\'94l.) (a)
The sheldrake. (b) The hooded
merganser.
<-- p. 1076 -->
Pheas"ant*ry (?), n. [Cf. F.
faisanderie.] A place for keeping and
rearing pheasants.
Gwilt.
Phe"be (?), n. (Zo\'94l.)
See Ph\'d2be.
Pheer, n. See 1st Fere.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
Pheese (?), v. t. To comb;
also, to beat; to worry. [Obs. or Local] See
Feaze, v.
Pheese, n. Fretful excitement.
[Obs. or Local] See Feaze,
n.
Phel"lo*derm (?), n. [Gr. /
cork + -derm.] (Bot.) A layer of
green parenchimatous cells formed on the inner side of the
phellogen.
Phel"lo*gen (?), n. [Gr. /
cork + -gen.] (Bot.) The tissue
of young cells which produces cork cells.
Phel`lo*plas"tics (?), n. [Gr.
/ cork + / to mold.] Art of modeling in
cork.
Phen"a*cite (?), n. [Gr. /,
/, impostor, deceiver.] (Min.) A glassy
colorless mineral occurring in rhombohedral crystals, sometimes
used as a gem. It is a silicate of glucina, and receives its
name from its deceptive similarity to quartz.
Phen`a*kis"to*scope (?), n.
[Gr. / a deceiver + -scope.] A
revolving disk on which figures drawn in different relative
attitudes are seen successively, so as to produce the appearance
of an object in actual motion, as an animal leaping, etc., in
consequence of the persistence of the successive visual
impressions of the retina. It is often arranged so that the
figures may be projected upon a screen.
Phe*nan"threne (?), n.
[Phenyl + antracene.]
(Chem.) A complex hydrocarbon,
C14H10, found in coal tar, and obtained as a
white crystalline substance with a bluish fluorescence.
Phe*nan"thri*dine (?), n.
[Phenanthrene + pyridine.]
(Chem.) A nitrogenous hydrocarbon base,
C13H9N, analogous to phenanthrene and
quinoline.
Phe*nan"thro*line (?), n.
[Phenanthrene + quinoline.]
(Chem.) Either of two metameric nitrogenous
hydrocarbon bases, C12H8N2, analogous to
phenanthridine, but more highly nitrogenized.
Phene (?), n. (Chem.)
Benzene. [Obs.]
Phe"ne*tol (?), n.
[Phenyl + ethyl + L. oleum
oil.] (Chem.) The ethyl ether of phenol,
obtained as an aromatic liquid,
C6H5.O.C2H5.
Phe"nic (?), a. (Chem.)
Of, pertaining to, derived from, or resembling, phenyl or
phenol.
Phenic acid (Chem.), a phenol.
[Obsoles.]
Phe*ni"cian (?), a. & n. See
Ph\'d2nician.
Phen"i*cine (?), n. [Gr.
foi^nix purple red: cf. F.
ph\'82nicine.] (Chem.) (a)
A purple powder precipitated when a sulphuric solution of
indigo is diluted with water. (b) A coloring
matter produced by the action of a mixture of strong nitric and
sulphuric acids on phenylic alcohol.
Watts.
Phe*ni"cious (?), a. [L.
phoeniceus, Gr. foini`keos, from / purple
red.] Of a red color with a slight mixture of
gray.
Dana.
Phen`i*cop"ter (?), n. [L.
phoenicopterus, Gr. foiniko`pteros, i.e.,
red-feathered; foi^nix, foi`nikos, purple
red + ptero`n feather: cf. F.
ph\'82nicopt\'8are.] (Zo\'94l.)
A flamingo.
Phe"nix (?), n.; pl.
Phenixes (#). [L.
phoenix, Gr. foi^nix.]
[Written also ph\'d2nix.] 1.
(Gr. Myth.) A bird fabled to exist single, to be
consumed by fire by its own act, and to rise again from its
ashes. Hence, an emblem of immortality.
2. (Astron.) A southern
constellation.
3. A marvelous person or thing.
[R.]
Latimer.
<-- rise like a phoenix, to resume an endeavor after an
apparently final defeat -->
\'d8Phen`o*ga"mi*a (?), n. pl.
(Bot.) Same as Ph\'91nogamia.
{ Phen`o*ga"mi*an (?),
Phen`o*gam"ic (?), Phe*nog"a*mous
(?) }, a. Same as
Ph\'91nogamian, Ph\'91nogamic, etc.
Phe"nol (?), n. [Gr. / to
show + -ol: cf. F. ph\'82nol.]
(Chem.) 1. A white or pinkish
crystalline substance, C6H5OH, produced by the
destructive distillation of many organic bodies, as wood, coal,
etc., and obtained from the heavy oil from coal tar.
phenyl
alcohol, but has acid properties, and hence is
popularly called carbolic acid, and was
formerly called phenic acid. It is a powerful
caustic poison, and in dilute solution has been used as an
antiseptic.
2. Any one of the series of hydroxyl derivatives of
which phenol proper is the type.
Glacial phenol (Chem.), pure
crystallized phenol or carbolic acid. -- Phenol
acid (Chem.), any one of a series of
compounds which are at once derivatives of both phenol and some
member of the fatty acid series; thus, salicylic acid is a
phenol acid.<-- s.a. is not a fatty acid, but a
benzoic acid derivative. IT should say "carboxylic acid" --> --
Phenol alcohol (Chem.), any one of
series of derivatives of phenol and carbinol which have the
properties of both combined; thus, saligenin is a phenol
alcohol. -- Phenol aldehyde
(Chem.), any one of a series of compounds having
both phenol and aldehyde properties. -- Phenol
phthalein. See under Phthalein.
Phe"no*late (?), n.
[Phenol + -ate.]
(Chem.) A compound of phenol analogous to a
salt.
Phe*nom"e*nal (?), a. [Cf. F.
ph\'82nom\'82nal.] Relating to, or of the
nature of, a phenomenon; hence, extraordinary; wonderful; as,
a phenomenal memory. --
Phe*nom"e*nal*ly, adv.
Phe*nom"e*nal*ism (?), n.
(Metaph.) That theory which limits positive or
scientific knowledge to phenomena only, whether material or
spiritual.
Phe*nom"e*nist (?), n. One who
believes in the theory of phenomenalism.
Phe*nom`e*nol"o*gy (?), n.
[Phenomenon + -logy: cf. F.
ph\'82nom\'82nologie.] A description,
history, or explanation of phenomena. \'bdThe
phenomenology of the mind.\'b8
Sir W. Hamilton.
Phe*nom"e*non (?), n.; pl.
Phenomena (#). [L.
phaenomenon, Gr. faino`menon, fr.
fai`nesqai to appear, fai`nein to show. See
Phantom.] 1. An appearance; anything
visible; whatever, in matter or spirit, is apparent to, or is
apprehended by, observation; as, the phenomena of
heat, light, or electricity; phenomena of imagination or
memory.
In the phenomena of the material world, and in many
of the phenomena of mind.
Stewart.
2. That which strikes one as strange, unusual, or
unaccountable; an extraordinary or very remarkable person, thing,
or occurrence; as, a musical phenomenon.
Phe"nose` (?), n.
[Phenyl + dextrose.]
(Chem.) A sweet amorphous deliquescent substance
obtained indirectly from benzene, and isometric with, and
resembling, dextrose.
Phe"nyl (?), n. [Gr. / to
bring to light + -yl: cf. F. ph\'82nyle. So
called because it is a by-product of illuminating gas.]
(Chem.) A hydrocarbon radical
(C6H5) regarded as the essential residue of
benzene, and the basis of an immense number of aromatic
derivatives.
Phenyl hydrate (Chem.), phenol or
carbolic acid. -- Phenyl hydrazine
(Chem.), a nitrogenous base
(C6H5.N2H3) produced artificially as a colorless
oil which unites with acids, ketones, etc., to form
well-crystallized compounds.
Phe`nyl*am"ine (?), n.
[Phenyl + amine.]
(Chem.) Any one of certain class of organic bases
regarded as formed from ammonia by the substitution of phenyl for
hydrogen.
Phe"nyl*ene (?), n.
(Chem.) A hypothetic radical
(C6H4) occurring in certain derivatives of
benzene; as, phenylene diamine.
Phe*nyl"ic (?), a.
(Chem.) Pertaining to, derived from, or
containing, phenyl.
Phenylic alcohol (Chem.),
phenol.
Phe"on (?), n. [Prob. from Old
French.] (Her.) A bearing representing the
head of a dart or javelin, with long barbs which are engrailed on
the inner edge.
Phi"al (?), n. [F.
fiole, L. phiala a broad, flat, shallow cup
or bowl, Gr. /. cf. Vial.] A glass vessel
or bottle, especially a small bottle for medicines; a vial.
Phi"al, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Phialed (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Phialing.] To put or keep in,
or as in, a phial.
Its phial'd wrath may fate exhaust.
Shenstone.
Phil"a*beg (?), n. See
Filibeg.
Phil`a*del"phi*an (?), a. [Gr.
filadelfia brotherly love, from fila`delfos
brotherly; fi`los loved, loving, friendly +
'adelfo`s brother.] Of or pertaining to
Ptolemy Philadelphus, or to one of the cities named Philadelphia,
esp. the modern city in Pennsylvania.
Phil`a*del"phi*an, n. 1. A
native or an inhabitant of Philadelphia.
2. (Eccl. Hist.) One of a society of
mystics of the seventeenth century, -- called also the
Family of Love.
Tatler.
Phil`a*le"thist (?), n.
[Philo- + Gr. / truth.] A lover of
the truth. [Obs.]
Brathwait.
Phi*lan"der (?), v. i. [Gr. /
fond of men; / loving + / man.] To make love to
women; to play the male flirt.
You can't go philandering after her again.
G. Eliot.
Phi*lan"der, n. A lover.
[R.]
Congreve.
Phi*lan"der, n. (Zo\'94l.)
(a) A South American opossum (Didelphys
philander). (b) An Australian bandicoot
(Perameles lagotis).
Phi*lan"der*er (?), n. One who
hangs about women; a male flirt. [R.]
C. Kingsley.
Phil"an*thrope (?), n.
[F.] A philanthropist. [Obs.]
R. North.
{ Phil`an*throp"ic (?),
Phil`an*throp"ic*al (?), } a.
[Cf. F. philanthropique.] Of or
pertaining to philanthropy; characterized by philanthropy; loving
or helping mankind; as, a philanthropic
enterprise. --
Phil`an*throp"ic*al*ly,
adv.
Phil`an*throp"i*nism (?), n. A
system of education on so-called natural principles, attempted in
Germany in the last century by Basedow, of Dessau.
Phil`an*throp"i*nist (?), n. An
advocate of, or believer in, philanthropinism.
Phi*lan"thro*pist (?), n. [Gr.
/; / loving + / man: cf. F. philanthrope.]
One who practices philanthropy; one who loves mankind, and
seeks to promote the good of others.
<-- esp. a wealthy individual who donates large amounts of money
to charitable or philanthropic causes -->
Phi*lan`thro*pis"tic (?), a.
Pertaining to, or characteristic of, a philanthropist.
[R.]
Carlyle.
Phi*lan"thro*py (?), n. [L.
philanthropia, Gr. /: cf. F.
philanthropie.] Love to mankind;
benevolence toward the whole human family; universal good will;
desire and readiness to do good to all men; -- opposed to
misanthropy.
Jer. Taylor.
<-- (2) active effort to promote human welfare; humanitarian
activity. [i.e., an action, not merely a state of mind] -->
<-- 2. an organization whose purpose is to engage in
philanthropy(2), and is supported by funds from one or a small
number of wealthy individuals; a type of charity, the source of
whose funds is typically from a wealthy individual or a
corporation, or a trust fund established by a wealthy individual.
It is distinguished from other charitable organizations in that
the source of funds of other charities may come from a large
number of sources, or from public solicitation. -->
Phil`a*tel"ic (?), a. Of or
pertaining to philately.
Phi*lat"e*list (?), n. One
versed in philately; one who collects postage stamps.
Phi*lat"e*ly (?), n.
[Philo- + Gr. / exemption from tax; cf.
frank to send free.] The collection of
postage stamps of various issues.
Phil"a*to*ry (?), n. [OF.
filatiere, philatiere. See
Phylactery.] (Eccl.) A kind of
transparent reliquary with an ornamental top.
Phil"au*ty (?), n. [Gr. /;
/ loving + / self.] Self-love; selfishness.
[Obs.]
Beaumont.
Phil`har*mon"ic (?), a.
[Philo- + Gr. / harmony: cf. F.
philharmonique.] Loving harmony or
music.
Phil*hel"lene (?), n. A friend
of Greece, or of the Greeks; a philhellenist.
Emerson.
Phil`hel*len"ic (?), a. Of or
pertaining to philhellenism.
Phil*hel"len*ism (?), n. Love
of Greece.
Phil*hel"len*ist, n. [Philo-
+ Gr. / a Greek: cf. F. philhell\'8ane.]
A friend of Greece; one who supports the cause of the
Greeks; particularly, one who supported them in their struggle
for independence against the Turks; a philhellene.
Phil"i*beg (?), n. See
Filibeg. [Scot.]
Phil"ip (?), n. [So called from
their notes.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) The
European hedge sparrow. (b) The house
sparrow. Called also phip. [Prov.
Eng.]
Phi*lip"pi*an (?), a. Of or
pertaining to Philippi, a city of ancient Macedonia. --
n. A native or an inhabitant of
Philippi.
Phi*lip"pic (?), n. [L.
Philippicus belonging to Philip, Philippic, Gr. /,
fr. / Philip, / fond of horses: cf. F.
philippique.] 1. Any one of the
series of famous orations of Demosthenes, the Grecian orator,
denouncing Philip, king of Macedon.
2. Hence: Any discourse or declamation abounding in
acrimonious invective.
Phi*lip"pi*um (?), n. [NL. So
named from Philippe Plantamour, of Geneva,
Switzerland.] (Chem.) A rare and doubtful
metallic element said to have been discovered in the mineral
samarskite.<-- no such element -->
Phil"ip*pize (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Philippized
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Philippizing.] [Gr. / to be on
Philip's side.] 1. To support or advocate the
cause of Philip of Macedon.
2. [See Philippic.] To write or
speak in the style of a philippic.
Phi*lis"ter (?), n. [G.]
A Philistine; -- a cant name given to townsmen by students
in German universities.<-- in sense 3 -->
Phi*lis"tine (?), n. [L.
Philistinus, Heb. Phlishth\'c6, pl.
Phlishth\'c6m.] 1. A native or an
inhabitant of ancient Philistia, a coast region of southern
Palestine.
2. A bailiff. [Cant, Eng.]
[Obs.]
Swift.
3. A person deficient in liberal culture and
refinement; one without appreciation of the nobler aspirations
and sentiments of humanity; one whose scope is limited to selfish
and material interests. [Recent]
M. Arnold.
Phi*lis"tine, a. 1. Of or
pertaining to the Philistines.
2. Uncultured; commonplace.
Phi*lis"tin*ism (?), n. The
condition, character, aims, and habits of the class called
Philistines. See Philistine, 3.
[Recent]
Carlyle.
On the side of beauty and taste, vulgarity; on the side of
morals and feeling, coarseness; on the side of mind and spirit,
unintelligence, -- this is Philistinism.
M. Arnold.
Phil"lips*ite (?), n. [So named
after John Phillips, an English mineralogist.]
(Min.) (a) A hydrous silicate of
aluminia, lime, and soda, a zeolitic mineral commonly occurring
in complex twin crystals, often cruciform in shape; -- called
also christianite.
<-- sic. no (b) in original! -->
Phil*lyg"e*nin (?), n.
[Phillyrin + -gen +
-in.] (Chem.) A pearly
crystalline substance obtained by the decomposition of
phillyrin.
\'d8Phil*lyr"e*a (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. /, /.] (Bot.) A genus of
evergreen plants growing along the shores of the Mediterranean,
and breading a fruit resembling that of the olive.
Phil"ly*rin (?), n.
(Chem.) A glucoside extracted from Phillyrea as a
bitter white crystalline substance. It is sometimes used as a
febrifuge.
Philo-. A combining form from Gr. fi`los
loving, fond of, attached to;
as, philosophy, philotechnic.
Phi*log"y*nist (?), n. [See
Philogyny.] A lover or friend of women; one
who esteems woman as the higher type of humanity; -- opposed to
misogynist.
Phi*log"y*ny (?), n. [Gr. /;
/ loving + / woman.] Fondness for women;
uxoriousness; -- opposed to misogyny.
[R.]
Byron.
Phil`o*hel*le"ni*an (?), n. A
philhellenist.
Phi*lol"o*ger (?), n. [Cf. L.
philologus a man of letters, Gr. /, originally, fond
of talking; hence, fond of learning and literature; / loving +
/ speech, discourse.] A philologist.
Burton.
Phil`o*lo"gi*an (?), n. A
philologist. [R.]
{ Phil`o*log"ic*al (?),
Phil`o*log"ic (?), } a.
[Cf. F. philologique.] Of or
pertaining to philology. --
Phil`o*log"ic*al*ly,
adv.
Phi*lol"o*gist (?), n. One
versed in philology.
Phi*lol"o*gize (?), v. i. To
study, or make critical comments on, language.
Evelyn.
Phil"o*logue (?), n. [Cf. F.
philologue.] A philologist.
[R.]
Carlyle.
Phi*lol"o*gy (?), n. [L.
philologia love of learning, interpretation,
philology, Gr. /: cf. F. philologie. See
Philologer.] 1. Criticism;
grammatical learning. [R.]
Johnson.
2. The study of language, especially in a
philosophical manner and as a science; the investigation of the
laws of human speech, the relation of different tongues to one
another, and historical development of languages; linguistic
science.
Philology comprehends a knowledge of the
etymology, or origin and combination of words; grammar, the
construction of sentences, or use of words in language;
criticism, the interpretation of authors, the affinities of
different languages, and whatever relates to the history or
present state of languages. It sometimes includes rhetoric,
poetry, history, and antiquities.
3. A treatise on the science of language.
<-- p. 1077 -->
Phil"o*math (?), n. [Gr. /;
fi`los loving, a friend + ma`qh learning,
fr. /, /, to learn.] A lover of learning; a
scholar.
Chesterfield.
Phil`o*math`e*mat"ic (?), n. A
philomath.
Phil`o*math"ic (?), a. [Cf. F.
philomathique.] 1. Of or
pertaining to philomathy.
2. Having love of learning or letters.
Phi*lom"a*thy (?), n. [Gr. /,
/.] The love of learning or letters.
Phil"o*mel (?), n. Same as
Philomela, the nightingale. [Poetic]
Milton. Cowper.
Phil`o*me"la (?), n. [L.
philomela, Gr. /, according to the legend, from /
Philomela (daughter of Pandion, king of Athens), who was changed
into a nightingale.] 1. The nightingale;
philomel.
Shak.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of birds including
the nightingales.
Phil"o*mene (?), n. The
nightingale. [Obs.]
Phil"o*mot (?), a. [See
Filemot.] Of the color of a dead leaf.
[Obs.]
Addison.
Phil`o*mu"sic*al (?), a.
[Philo- + musical.] Loving
music. [R.]Busby.
Phil`o*pe"na (?), n. [Probably
a corruption fr. G. vielliebchen, LG.
vielliebken, or D. veelliebken, a
philopena, literally, much loved; but influenced by Gr. / a
friend, and L. poena penalty, from an idea that the
gift was a penalty of friendship or love.] A present
or gift which is made as a forfeit in a social game that is
played in various ways; also, the game itself.
[Written also fillipeen and
phillippine.]
philopena first at the next meeting wins the present.
The name is also applied to the kernels eaten.
{ Phil`o*po*lem"ic (?),
Phil`o*po*lem"ic*al (?), } a.
[Gr. / fond of war, warlike; / loving + / war.]
Fond of polemics or controversy. [R.]
Phil`o*pro*gen"i*tive (?), a.
Having the love of offspring; fond of children.
Phil`o*pro*gen"i*tive*ness, n.
[Philo- + L. progenies
offspring.] (Phren.) The love of offspring;
fondness for children.
Phi*los"o*phas`ter (?), n. [L.,
a bad philosopher, fr. philosophus: cf. OF.
philosophastre.] A pretender to
philosophy. [Obs.]
Dr. H. More.
Phi*los"o*phate (?), v. i. [L.
philosophatus, p.p. of philosophari to
philosophize.] To play the philosopher; to
moralize. [Obs.]
Barrow.
Phi*los`o*pha"tion (?), n.
Philosophical speculation and discussion.
[Obs.]
Sir W. Petty.
Phil"o*sophe (?), n. [F., a
philosopher.] A philosophaster; a philosopher.
[R.]
Carlyle.
Phi*los"o*pheme (?), n. [Gr.
/, from / to love knowledge.] A philosophical
proposition, doctrine, or principle of reasoning.
[R.]
This, the most venerable, and perhaps the most ancient, of
Grecian myths, is a philosopheme.
Coleridge.
Phi*los"o*pher (?), n. [OE.
philosophre, F. philosophe, L.
philosophus, Gr. /; / loving + / wise. Cf.
Philosophy.] 1. One who
philosophizes; one versed in, or devoted to, philosophy.
Then certain philosophers of the Epicureans, and of
the Stoics, encountered him.
Acts xvii. 18.
2. One who reduces the principles of philosophy to
practice in the conduct of life; one who lives according to the
rules of practical wisdom; one who meets or regards all
vicissitudes with calmness.
3. An alchemist. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Philosopher's stone, an imaginary stone which
the alchemists formerly sought as instrument of converting the
baser metals into gold.
{ Phil`o*soph"ic (?),
Phil`o*soph"ic*al (?), } a.
[L. philosophicus: cf. F.
philosophique.] Of or pertaining to
philosophy; versed in, or imbued with, the principles of
philosophy; hence, characterizing a philosopher; rational; wise;
temperate; calm; cool. --
Phil`o*soph"ic*al*ly,
adv.
Phi*los"o*phism (?), n. [Cf. F.
philosophisme.] Spurious philosophy; the
love or practice of sophistry.
Carlyle.
Phi*los"o*phist (?), n. [Cf. F.
philosophiste.] A pretender in
philosophy.
{ Phi*los`o*phis"tic (?),
Phi*los`o*phis"tic*al (?), }
a. Of or pertaining to the love or practice of
sophistry. [R.]
Phi*los"o*phize (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Philosophized
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Philosophizing
(?).] To reason like a philosopher; to
search into the reason and nature of things; to investigate
phenomena, and assign rational causes for their existence.
Man philosophizes as he lives. He may
philosophize well or ill, but philosophize
he must.
Sir W. Hamilton.
Phi*los"o*phi`zer (?), n. One
who philosophizes.
Phi*los"o*phy (?), n.; pl.
Philosophies (#). [OE.
philosophie, F. philosophie, L.
philosophia, from Gr. /. See
Philosopher.] 1. Literally, the love
of, including the search after, wisdom; in actual usage, the
knowledge of phenomena as explained by, and resolved into, causes
and reasons, powers and laws.
philosophy denotes the general laws or
principles under which all the subordinate phenomena or facts
relating to that subject are comprehended. Thus
philosophy, when applied to God and the divine
government, is called theology; when applied to
material objects, it is called physics; when it treats
of man, it is called anthropology and
psychology, with which are connected logic
and ethics; when it treats of the necessary
conceptions and relations by which philosophy is
possible, it is called metaphysics.
Philosophy has been defined:
tionscience of things divine and human, and the causes in which
they are contained; -- the science of effects by their causes; --
the science of sufficient reasons; -- the science of things
possible, inasmuch as they are possible; -- the science of things
evidently deduced from first principles; -- the science of truths
sensible and abstract; -- the application of reason to its
legitimate objects; -- the science of the relations of all
knowledge to the necessary ends of human reason; -- the science
of the original form of the ego, or mental self; -- the science
of science; -- the science of the absolute; -- the scienceof the
absolute indifference of the ideal and real.\'b8
Sir W. Hamilton.
2. A particular philosophical system or theory; the
hypothesis by which particular phenomena are explained.
[Books] of Aristotle and his philosophie.
Chaucer.
We shall in vain interpret their words by the notions of our
philosophy and the doctrines in our school.
Locke.
3. Practical wisdom; calmness of temper and
judgment; equanimity; fortitude; stoicism; as, to meet
misfortune with philosophy.
Then had he spent all his philosophy.
Chaucer.
4. Reasoning; argumentation.
Of good and evil much they argued then, . . .
Vain wisdom all, and false philosophy.
Milton.
5. The course of sciences read in the
schools.
Johnson.
6. A treatise on philosophy.
Philosophy of the Academy, that of Plato, who
taught his disciples in a grove in Athens called the
Academy. -- Philosophy of the Garden, that of
Epicurus, who taught in a garden in Athens. --
Philosophy of the Lyceum, that of Aristotle, the
founder of the Peripatetic school, who delivered his lectures in
the Lyceum at Athens. -- Philosophy of the Porch,
that of Zeno and the Stoics; -- so called because Zeno of
Citium and his successors taught in the porch of the Poicile, a
great hall in Athens.
Phil`o*stor"gy (?), n. [Gr.
/; / loving + / affection.] Natural affection,
as of parents for their children. [R.]
{ Phil`o*tech"nic (?),
Phil`o*tech"nic*al (?), } a.
[Philo- + Gr. / an art: cf. F.
philotechnique.] Fond of the arts.
[R.]
Phil"ter (?), n. [F.
philtre, L. philtrum, Gr. /, fr. / to
love, / dear, loving.] A potion or charm intended to
excite the passion of love. [Written also
philtre.]
Addison.
Phil"ter, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Philtered (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Philtering.] 1. To
impregnate or mix with a love potion; as, to philter
a draught.
2. To charm to love; to excite to love or sexual
desire by a potion.
Gov. of Tongue.
\'d8Phi*mo"sis (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. / a muzzling, fr. / muzzle.] (Med.)
A condition of the penis in which the prepuce can not be
drawn back so as to uncover the glans penis.
Phi"ton*ess (?), n. Pythoness;
witch. [Obs.]
Phiz (?), n.; pl.
Phizes (#). [Contr. fr.
physiognomy.] The face or visage.
[Colloq.]
Cowper.
\'d8Phle*bi"tis (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. /, /, a vein + -itis.]
(Med.) Inflammation of a vein.
Phleb"o*gram (?), n. [Gr. /,
/ + -gram.] (Physiol.) A
tracing (with the sphygmograph) of the movements of a vein, or of
the venous pulse.
{ Phleb"o*lite (?), Phleb"o*lith
(?), } n. [Gr. /, /, a vein +
-lite, -lith.] (Med.)
A small calcareous concretion formed in a vein; a vein
stone.
Phle*bol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. /,
/, a vein + -logy.] A branch of anatomy
which treats of the veins.
Phle*bot"o*mist (?), n. [Cf. F.
phl\'82botomiste.] (Med.) One
who practiced phlebotomy.
Phle*bot"o*mize (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Phlebotomized
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Phlebotomizing
(?).] [Cf. F.
phl\'82botomiser.] To let blood from by
opening a vein; to bleed. [R.]
Howell.
Phle*bot"o*my (?), n. [L.
phlebotomia, Gr. /; /, /, a vein + / to cut:
cf. F. phl\'82botomie. Cf. Fleam.]
(Med.) The act or practice of opening a vein for
letting blood, in the treatment of disease; venesection;
bloodletting.
Phlegm (?), n. [F.
phlegme, flegme, L. phlegma, fr.
Gr. / a flame, inflammation, phlegm, a morbid, clammy humor in
the body, fr. / to burn. Cf. Phlox, Flagrant,
Flame, Bleak, a., and
Fluminate.] 1. One of the four
humors of which the ancients supposed the blood to be composed.
See Humor.
Arbuthnot.
2. (Physiol.) Viscid mucus secreted in
abnormal quantity in the respiratory and digestive
passages.
3. (Old Chem.) A watery distilled
liquor, in distinction from a spirituous liquor.
Crabb.
4. Sluggishness of temperament; dullness; want of
interest; indifference; coldness.
They judge with fury, but they write with
phlegm.
Pope.
Phleg"ma*gogue (?), n. [Gr. /
carrying of phlegm; / phlegm + / to lead.] (Old
Med.) A medicine supposed to expel phlegm.
\'d8Phleg*ma"si*a (?), n. [NL.,
from Gr. /. See Phlegm.] (Med.)
An inflammation; more particularly, an inflammation of the
internal organs.
\'d8Phlegmasia dolens (/)
[NL.], milk leg.
Phleg*mat"ic (?), a. [L.
phlegmaticus, Gr. /: cf. F.
phlegmatique.] 1. Watery.
[Obs.] \'bdAqueous and phlegmatic.\'b8
Sir I. Newton.
2. Abounding in phlegm; as, phlegmatic
humors; a phlegmatic constitution.
Harvey.
3. Generating or causing phlegm. \'bdCold and
phlegmatic habitations.\'b8
Sir T. Browne.
4. Not easily excited to action or passion; cold;
dull; sluggish; heavy; as, a phlegmatic
person.
Addison.
Phlegmatic temperament (Old Physiol.),
lymphatic temperament. See under
Lymphatic.
Phleg*mat"ic*al (?), a.
Phlegmatic.
Ash.
Phleg*mat"ic*al*ly, adv. In a phlegmatic
manner.
Phleg*mat"ic*ly (?), a.
Phlegmatically. [Obs.]
Phleg"mon (?), n. [L.
phlegmone, phlegmon, inflammation beneath
the skin, Gr. /, fr. / to burn: cf. F.
phlegmon.] (Med.) Purulent
inflammation of the cellular or areolar tissue.
Phleg"mon*ous (?), a. [Cf. F.
phlegmoneux.] Having the nature or
properties of phlegmon; as, phlegmonous
pneumonia.
Harvey.
Phleme (?), n. (Surg. &
Far.) See Fleam.
\'d8Phle"um (?), n. [NL., fr.
Gr. / a kind of marsh plant.] (Bot.) A
genus of grasses, including the timothy (Phleum
pratense), which is highly valued for hay; cat's-tail
grass.
Gray.
Phlo"\'89m (?), n. [Gr. /
bark.] (Bot.) That portion of fibrovascular
bundles which corresponds to the inner bark; the liber tissue; --
distinguished from xylem.
Phlo*gis"tian (?), n. A
believer in the existence of phlogiston.
Phlo*gis"tic (?), a. 1.
(Old Chem.) Of or pertaining to phlogiston, or to
belief in its existence.
2. (Med.) Inflammatory; belonging to
inflammations and fevers.
Phlo*gis"tic*al (?), a. (Old
Chem.) Phlogistic.
Phlo*gis"ti*cate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Phlogisticated
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Phlogisticating.] (Old Chem.)
To combine phlogiston with; -- usually in the form and sense
of the p. p. or the adj.; as, highly
phlogisticated substances.
Phlo*gis`ti*ca"tion (?), n.
(Old Chem.) The act or process of combining with
phlogiston.
Phlo*gis"ton (?), n. [NL., fr.
Gr. / burnt, set on fire, fr. / to set on fire, to burn, fr.
/, /, a flame, blaze. See Phlox.] (Old
Chem.) The hypothetical principle of fire, or
inflammability, regarded by Stahl as a chemical element.
phlogisticated) bodies and to be separated from
incombustible (dephlogisticated) bodies, the phenomena
of flame and burning being the escape of phlogiston. Soot and
sulphur were regarded as nearly pure phlogiston. The essential
principle of this theory was, that combustion was a decomposition
rather than the union and combination which it has since been
shown to be.
<-- this theory is now discredited and superseded by the theory
of chemical reaction between oxidizable substances and oxidants
as an explanation of combustion -->
Phlo*gog"e*nous (?), a. [Gr.
/, / fire + -genous.] (Med.)
Causing inflammation.
Phlog"o*pite (?), n. [Gr. /
firelike.] (Min.) A kind of mica having
generally a peculiar bronze-red or copperlike color and a pearly
luster. It is a silicate of aluminia, with magnesia, potash, and
some fluorine. It is characteristic of crystalline limestone or
dolomite and serpentine. See Mica.
\'d8Phlo*go"sis (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. / burning heat.] (Med.)
Inflammation of external parts of the body; erysipelatous
inflammation.
Phlo*got"ic (?), n.
(Med.) Of or pertaining to phlogisis.
Phlo*ram"ine (?), n.
[Phlorlucin + amine.]
(Chem.) A basic amido derivative of phloroglucin,
having an astringent taste.
Phlo*ret"ic (?), a.
(Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, or
designating, an organic acid obtained by the decomposition of
phloretin.
Phlor"e*tin (?), n. [From
Phlorizin.] (Chem.) A bitter white
crystalline substance obtained by the decomposition of phlorizin,
and formerly used to some extent as a substitute for
quinine.
Phlor"i*zin (?), n. [Gr. /,
/, bark + / root.] (Chem.) A bitter
white crystalline glucoside extracted from the root bark of the
apple, pear, cherry, plum, etc. [Formerly also
written phloridzin.]
Phlor`o*glu"cin (?), n.
[Phloretin + Gr. / sweet.]
(Chem.) A sweet white crystalline substance,
metameric with pyrogallol, and obtained by the decomposition of
phloretin, and from certain gums, as catechu, kino, etc. It
belongs to the class of phenols. [Called also
phloroglucinol.]
Phlo"rol (?), n.
[Phloretic + -ol.]
(Chem.) A liquid metameric with xylenol,
belonging to the class of phenols, and obtained by distilling
certain salts of phloretic acid.
Phlo"rone (?), n.
[Phlorol + quinone.]
(Chem.) A yellow crystalline substance having a
peculiar unpleasant odor, resembling the quinones, and obtained
from beechwood tar and coal tar, as also by the oxidation of
xylidine; -- called also xyloquinone.
Phlox (?), n. [L., a kind of
flower, fr. Gr. / flame, fr. / to burn.]
(Bot.) A genus of American herbs, having showy
red, white, or purple flowers.
Phlox worm (Zo\'94l.), the larva of
an American moth (Heliothis phloxiphaga). It is
destructive to phloxes. -- Phlox subulata,
the moss pink. See under Moss.
Phlyc*ten"u*lar (?), a. [Gr.
/ a blister or pustule.] (Med.)
Characterized by the presence of small pustules, or whitish
elevations resembling pustules; as, phlyctenular
ophthalmia.
\'d8Pho"ca (?), n. [L., a seal,
fr. Gr. /.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of seals.
It includes the common harbor seal and allied species. See
Seal.
Pho*ca"cean (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) Any species of Phoca; a seal.
Pho"cal (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to seals.
Pho*cen"ic (?), a. [Gr. / a
porpoise.] (Chem.) Of or pertaining to
dolphin oil or porpoise oil; -- said of an acid (called also
delphinic acid) subsequently found to be identical
with valeric acid.
Watts.
Pho*ce"nin (?), n. [Cf. F.
phoc\'82nine.] (Chem.) See
Delphin.
<-- p. 1078 -->
Pho"cine (?), a. [L.
phoca a seal.] (Zo\'94l.) Of or
pertaining to the seal tribe; phocal.
Pho"co*dont (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) One of the Phocodontia.
\'d8Pho`co*don"ti*a (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / a seal + /, /, a tooth.]
(Zo\'94l.) A group of extinct carnivorous whales.
Their teeth had compressed and serrated crowns. It includes
Squalodon and allied genera.
Ph\'d2"be (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The pewee, or pewit.
Ph\'d2"bus (?), n. [L., fr. Gr.
/, fr. / pure, bright.] 1. (Class.
Myth.) Apollo; the sun god.
2. The sun. \'bdPh\'d2bus 'gins
arise.\'b8
Shak.
Ph\'d2*ni"cian (?), a. Of or
pertaining to Ph\'d2nica. -- n. A
native or inhabitant of Ph\'d2nica.
Ph\'d2*ni"cious (?), a. See
Phenicious.
\'d8Ph\'d2`ni*cop"te*rus (?), n.
[NL. See Phenicopter.] (Zo\'94l.)
A genus of birds which includes the flamingoes.
\'d8Ph\'d2"nix (?), n. [L., a
fabulous bird. See Phenix.] 1. Same
as Phenix.
Shak.
2. (Bot.) A genus of palms including the
date tree.
Pho"lad (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) Any species of Pholas.
Pho*la"de*an (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) Pholad.
\'d8Pho"las (?), n.; pl.
Pholades (#). [NL., fr. Gr. /,
/, a kind of mollusk.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one
of numerous species of marine bivalve mollusks of the genus
Pholas, or family Pholadid\'91. They bore
holes for themselves in clay, peat, and soft rocks.
Pho"nal (?), a.[Gr. / the
voice.] Of or relating to the voice; as,
phonal structure.
Max M\'81ller.
Pho`nas*cet"ics (?), n. [Gr.
/ to practice the voice; / voice + / to practice.]
Treatment for restoring or improving the voice.
Pho*na"tion (?), n. [Gr. /
the voice.] The act or process by which articulate
sounds are uttered; the utterance of articulate sounds;
articulate speech.
Pho*nau"to*graph (?), n.
[Phono- + Gr. / self +
-graph.] (Physics) An instrument
by means of which a sound can be made to produce a visible trace
or record of itself. It consists essentially of a resonant
vessel, usually of paraboloidal form, closed at one end by a
flexible membrane. A stylus attached to some point of the
membrane records the movements of the latter, as it vibrates,
upon a moving cylinder or plate.
Pho*nei"do*scope (?), n.
[Phono- + Gr. / form +
-scope.] (Physics) An instrument
for studying the motions of sounding bodies by optical means. It
consists of a tube across the end of which is stretched a film of
soap solution thin enough to give colored bands, the form and
position of which are affected by sonorous vibrations.
Pho*net"ic (?), a. [Gr. /,
fr. / a sound, tone; akin to Gr. / to speak: cf. F.
phon\'82tique. See Ban a proclamation.]
1. Of or pertaining to the voice, or its use.
2. Representing sounds; as, phonetic
characters; -- opposed to ideographic;
as, a phonetic notation.
Phonetic spelling, spelling in phonetic
characters, each representing one sound only; -- contrasted with
Romanic spelling, or that by the use of the Roman
alphabet.
Pho*net"ic*al*ly, adv. In a phonetic
manner.
Pho`ne*ti"cian (?), n. One
versed in phonetics; a phonetist.
Pho*net"ics (?), n. 1.
The doctrine or science of sounds; especially those of the
human voice; phonology.
2. The art of representing vocal sounds by signs
and written characters.
Pho"ne*tism (?), n. The science
which treats of vocal sounds.
J. Peile.
Pho"ne*tist (?), n. 1.
One versed in phonetics; a phonologist.
2. One who advocates a phonetic spelling.
Pho`ne*ti*za"tion (?), n. The
act, art, or process of representing sounds by phonetic
signs.
Pho"ne*tize (?), v. t. To
represent by phonetic signs.
Lowell.
Phon"ic (?), a. [Gr. / sound:
cf. F. phonique.] Of or pertaining to
sound; of the nature of sound; acoustic.
Tyndall.
Phon"ics (?), n. See
Phonetics.
Pho"no- (?). A combining form from Gr. /
sound, tone; as, phonograph,
phonology.
Phono (?), n. (Zo\'94l.)
A South American butterfly (Ithonia phono) having
nearly transparent wings.
Pho`no*camp"tic (?), a.
[Phono- + Gr. / to bend: cf. F.
phonocamptique.] Reflecting sound.
[R.] \'bdPhonocamptic objects.\'b8
Derham.
Pho"no*gram (?), n.
[Phono- + -gram.] 1.
A letter, character, or mark used to represent a particular
sound.
Phonograms are of three kinds: (1) Verbal signs,
which stand for entire words; (2) Syllabic signs, which stand for
the articulations of which words are composed; (3) Alphabetic
signs, or letters, which represent the elementary sounds into
which the syllable can be resolved.
I. Taylor (The Alphabet).
2. A record of sounds made by a phonograph.
Pho"no*graph (?), n.
[Phono- + -graph.] 1.
A character or symbol used to represent a sound, esp. one
used in phonography.
2. (Physics) An instrument for the
mechanical registration and reproduction of audible sounds, as
articulate speech, etc. It consists of a rotating cylinder or
disk covered with some material easily indented, as tinfoil, wax,
paraffin, etc., above which is a thin plate carrying a stylus. As
the plate vibrates under the influence of a sound, the stylus
makes minute indentations or undulations in the soft material,
and these, when the cylinder or disk is again turned, set the
plate in vibration, and reproduce the sound.
Pho*nog"ra*pher (?), n. 1.
One versed or skilled in phonography.
2. One who uses, or is skilled in the use of, the
phonograph. See Phonograph, 2.
{ Pho`no*graph"ic (?),
Pho`no*graph"ic*al (?), } a.
[Cf. F. phonographique.] 1.
Of or pertaining to phonography; based upon
phonography.
2. Of or pertaining to phonograph; done by the
phonograph.
Pho`no*graph"ic*al*ly, adv. In a
phonographic manner; by means of phonograph.
Pho*nog"ra*phist (?), n.
Phonographer.
Pho*nog"ra*phy (?), n.
[Phono- + -graphy.] 1.
A description of the laws of the human voice, or sounds
uttered by the organs of speech.
2. A representation of sounds by distinctive
characters; commonly, a system of shorthand writing invented by
Isaac Pitman, or a modification of his system, much used by
reporters.
They also serve who only stand and wait.
Milton.
3. The art of constructing, or using, the
phonograph.
Pho"no*lite (?), n.
[Phono- + -lite: cf. F.
phonolithe.] (Min.) A compact,
feldspathic, igneous rock containing nephelite, ha\'81ynite, etc.
Thin slabs give a ringing sound when struck; -- called also
clinkstone.
Pho*nol"o*ger (?), n. A
phonologist.
{ Pho`no*log"ic (?),
Pho`no*log"ic*al (?), } a.
Of or pertaining to phonology.
Pho*nol"o*gist (?), n. One
versed in phonology.
Pho*nol"o*gy (?), n.
[Phono- + -logy.] The
science or doctrine of the elementary sounds uttered by the human
voice in speech, including the various distinctions,
modifications, and combinations of tones; phonetics. Also, a
treatise on sounds.
Pho*nom"e*ter (?), n.
[Phono- + -meter.]
(Physics) An instrument for measuring sounds, as
to their intensity, or the frequency of the vibrations.
Pho`no*mo"tor (?), n.
[Phono- + -motor.]
(Physics) An instrument in which motion is
produced by the vibrations of a sounding body.
Pho*nor"ga*non (?), n. [NL. See
Phono-, and Organon.] A speaking
machine.
Pho"no*scope (?), n.
[Phono- + -scope.]
(Physics) (a) An instrument for
observing or exhibiting the motions or properties of sounding
bodies; especially, an apparatus invented by K\'94nig for testing
the quality of musical strings. (b) An
instrument for producing luminous figures by the vibrations of
sounding bodies.
Pho"no*typr (?), n.
[Phono- + -type.] A type or
character used in phonotypy.
{ Pho`no*typ"ic (?),
Pho`no*typ"ic*al (?), } a.
Of or pertaining to phonotypy; as, a phonotypic
alphabet.
Pho*not"y*pist (?), n. One
versed in phonotypy.
Pho*not"y*py (?), n. A method
of phonetic printing of the English language, as devised by Mr.
Pitman, in which nearly all the ordinary letters and many new
forms are employed in order to indicate each elementary sound by
a separate character.
\'d8Phor"minx (?), n. [NL., fr.
Gr. /.] A kind of lyre used by the Greeks.
Mrs. Browning.
\'d8Phor"mi*um (?), n. [NL. fr.
Gr. / a plaited mat, a kind of plant.] (Bot.)
A genus of liliaceous plants, consisting of one species
(Phormium tenax). See Flax-plant.
Phor"one (?), n.
[Camphor + acetone.]
(Chem.) A yellow crystalline substance, having a
geraniumlike odor, regarded as a complex derivative of acetone,
and obtained from certain camphor compounds.
\'d8Pho*ro"nis (?), n. [NL.,
fr. L. Phoronis, a surname of Io, Gr. /.]
(Zo\'94l.) A remarkable genus of marine worms
having tentacles around the mouth. It is usually classed with the
gephyreans. Its larva (Actinotrocha) undergoes a
peculiar metamorphosis.
\'d8Phor`o*no"mi*a (?), n.
[NL.] See Phoronomics.
Phor`o*nom"ics (?), n. [Gr. /
a carrying, motion + / a law.] The science of
motion; kinematics. [R.]
Weisbach.
Phos"gene (?), a. [Gr. /
light + the root of / to be born: cf. F.
phosg\'8ane.] (Old Chem.)
Producing, or produced by, the action of light; -- formerly
used specifically to designate a gas now called carbonyl
chloride. See Carbonyl.<-- still called
phosgene. It was used as a poison gas in World War I. -->
Phos"gen*ite (?), n.
(Min.) A rare mineral occurring in tetragonal
crystals of a white, yellow, or grayish color and adamantine
luster. It is a chlorocarbonate of lead.
Phos"pham (?), n.
[Phosphorus + ammonia.]
(Chem.) An inert amorphous white powder,
PN2H, obtained by passing ammonia over heated
phosphorus. [Spelt also
phosphame.] --
Phos"pham"ic (#),
a.
Phos"phate (?), n.
(Chem.) A salt of phosphoric acid.
Phos*phat"ic (?), a.
(Chem.) Pertaining to, or containing, phosphorus,
phosphoric acid, or phosphates; as, phosphatic
nodules.
Phosphatic diathesis (Med.), a
habit of body which leads to the undue excretion of phosphates
with the urine.
\'d8Phos`pha*tu"ri*a (?), n.
[NL. See Phosphate, and Urine.]
(Med.) The excessive discharge of phosphates in
the urine.
Phos"phene (?), n. [Gr. /
light + / to show.] (Physiol.) A luminous
impression produced through excitation of the retina by some
cause other than the impingement upon it of rays of light, as by
pressure upon the eyeball when the lids are closed. Cf.
After-image.
Phos"phide (?), n.
(Chem.) A binary compound of phosphorus.
Phos"phine (?), n.
(Chem.) A colorless gas, PH3,
analogous to ammonia, and having a disagreeable odor resembling
that of garlic. Called also hydrogen
phosphide, and formerly, phosphureted
hydrogen.
Phos*phin"ic (?), a.
(Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, certain
acids analogous to the phosphonic acids, but containing two
hydrocarbon radicals, and derived from the secondary phosphines
by oxidation.
Phos"phite (?), n.
(Chem.) A salt of phosphorous acid.
Phos*phon"ic (?), a.
[Phosphoric + sulphonic.]
(Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, certain
derivatives of phosphorous acid containing a hydrocarbon radical,
and analogous to the sulphonic acid.
Phos*pho"ni*um (?), n.
[Phosphorus + ammonium.]
(Chem.) The hypothetical radical
PH4, analogous to ammonium, and regarded as the
nucleus of certain derivatives of phosphine.
Phos"phor (?), n. [Cf. G.
phosphor. See Phosphorus.] 1.
Phosphorus. [Obs.]
Addison.
2. The planet Venus, when appearing as the morning
star; Lucifer. [Poetic]
Pope. Tennyson.
Phos"phor*ate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Phosphorated
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Phosphorating.] (Chem.) To
impregnate, or combine, with phosphorus or its compounds; as,
phosphorated oil.
Phos"phor-bronze` (?), n.
[Phosphor + bronze.]
(Metal.) A variety of bronze possessing great
hardness, elasticity, and toughness, obtained by melting copper
with tin phosphide. It contains one or two per cent of phosphorus
and from five to fifteen per cent of tin.
Phos*pho"re*ous (?), a.
Phosphorescent. [Obs.]
Phos`phor*esce" (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Phosphoresced
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Phosphorescing
(?).] To shine as phosphorus; to be
phosphorescent; to emit a phosphoric light.
Phos`phor*es"cence (?), n. [Cf.
F. phosphorescence.] 1. The
quality or state of being phosphorescent; or the act of
phosphorescing.
2. A phosphoric light.
Phos`phor*es"cent (?), a. [Cf.
F. phosphorescent.] Shining with a
phosphoric light; luminous without sensible heat. --
n. A phosphorescent substance.
Phos*phor"ic (?), a. [Cf. F.
phosphorique.] 1.
(Chem.) Of or pertaining to phosphorus;
resembling, or containing, from us; specifically, designating
those compounds in which phosphorus has a higher valence as
contrasted with the phosphorous compounds.
2. Phosphorescent. \'bdA
phosphoric sea.\'b8
Byron.
Glacial phosphoric acid. (Chem.)
(a) Metaphosphoric acid in the form of glassy
semitransparent masses or sticks. (b) Pure
normal phosphoric acid. -- Phosphoric acid
(Chem.), a white crystalline substance,
H3PO4, which is the most highly oxidized acid of
phosphorus, and forms an important and extensive series of
compounds, viz., the phosphates. -- Soluble
phosphoric acid, Insoluble phosphoric
acid (Agric. Chem.), phosphoric acid
combined in acid salts, or in neutral or basic salts, which are
respectively soluble and insoluble in water or in plant
juices. -- Reverted phosphoric acid (Agric.
Chem.), phosphoric acid changed from acid (soluble)
salts back to neutral or basic (insoluble) salts.
Phos*phor"ic*al (?), a. (Old
Chem.) Phosphoric.
Phos"phor*ite (?), n. (min.) A
massive variety of apatite.
Phos`phor*it"ic (?), a.
(Min.) Pertaining to phosphorite; resembling, or
of the nature of, phosphorite.
Phos"phor*ize (?), v. t. To
phosphorate.
Phos"phor*ized (?), a.
Containing, or impregnated with, phosphorus.
Phos`phor*o*gen"ic (?), a.
[Phosphorus + -gen +
-ic.] Generating phosphorescence; as,
phosphorogenic rays.
Phos*phor"o*scope (?), n.
[Phosphorus + -scope.]
(Physics) An apparatus for observing the
phosphorescence produced in different bodies by the action of
light, and for measuring its duration.
Phos"phor*ous (?), a. [Cf. F.
phosphoreux.] (Chem.) Of or
pertaining to phosphorus; resembling or containing phosphorus;
specifically, designating those compounds in which phosphorus has
a lower valence as contrasted with phosphoric
compounds; as, phosphorous acid,
H3PO3.
Phos"phor*us (?), n.; pl.
Phosphori (#). [L., the morning
star, Gr. /, lit., light bringer; / light + / to
bring.] 1. The morning star; Phosphor.
2. (Chem.) A poisonous nonmetallic
element of the nitrogen group, obtained as a white, or yellowish,
translucent waxy substance, having a characteristic disagreeable
smell. It is very active chemically, must be preserved under
water, and unites with oxygen even at ordinary temperatures,
giving a faint glow, -- whence its name. It always occurs
compined, usually in phosphates, as in the mineral apatite, in
bones, etc. It is used in the composition on the tips of friction
matches, and for many other purposes. The molecule contains four
atoms. Symbol P. Atomic weight 31.0.
3. (Chem.) Hence, any substance which
shines in the dark like phosphorus, as certain phosphorescent
bodies.
Bologna phosphorus (Chem.),
sulphide of barium, which shines in the dark after exposure
to light; -- so called because this property was discovered by a
resident of Bologna. The term is sometimes applied to
other compounds having similar properties. -- Metallic
phosphorus (Chem.), an allotropic
modification of phosphorus, obtained as a gray metallic
crystalline substance, having very inert chemical properties. It
is obtained by heating ordinary phosphorus in a closed vessel at
a high temperature. -- Phosphorus disease
(Med.), a disease common among workers in
phosphorus, giving rise to necrosis of the jawbone, and other
symptoms. -- Red, ,
phosphorus (Chem.), an
allotropic modification of phosphorus, obtained as a dark red
powder by heating ordinary phosphorus in closed vessels. It is
not poisonous, is not phosphorescent, and is only moderately
active chemically. It is valuable as a chemical reagent, and is
used in the composition of the friction surface on which safety
matches are ignited. -- Solar phosphori
(Chem.), phosphorescent substances which shine in
the dark after exposure to the sunlight or other intense
light.
<-- p. 1079 -->
Phos"phor*yl (?), n.
[Phosphorus + -yl.]
(Chem.) The radical PO, regarded
as the typical nucleus of certain compounds.
Phos"phu*ret (?), n.
(Chem.) A phosphide.
[Obsoles.]
Phos"phu*ret`ed (?), a.
(Chem.) Impregnated, or combined, with
phosphorus. [Obsoles.] [Written also
phosphuretted.]
Phosphureted hydrogen. (Chem.) See
Phosphine.
Pho"tic (?), a. [Gr. /, /,
light.] (Physiol.) Relating to the
production of light by the lower animals.
Pho"tics (?), n.
(Physics) The science of light; -- a general term
sometimes employed when optics is restricted to light
as a producing vision.
Knight.
Pho"to (?), n.; pl.
Photos (/). A contraction of
Photograph. [Colloq.]
Pho"to- (?). A combining form from Gr.
fw^s, fwto`s, light; as,
photography, phototype,
photometer.
Pho`to*bi*ot"ic (?), a.
[Photo- + biotic.]
(Biol.) Requiring light to live; incapable of
living without light; as, photobiotic plant
cells.
Pho`to*chem"ic*al (?), a.
[Photo- + chemical.]
(Chem.) Of or pertaining to chemical action of
light, or produced by it; as, the photochemical
changes of the visual purple of the retina.
Pho`to*chem"is*try (?), n.
[Photo- + chemistry.]
(Chem.) The branch of chemistry which relates to
the effect of light in producing chemical changes, as in
photography.
{ Pho`to*chro"mic (?),
Pho`to*chro*mat"ic (?), } a.
Of or pertaining to photochromy; produced by
photochromy.
Pho*toch"ro*my (?), n.
[Photo- + Gr. / color.] The art or
process of reproducing colors by photography.
Pho"to*drome (?), n.
[Photo- + Gr. / to run.]
(Physics) An apparatus consisting of a large
wheel with spokes, which when turning very rapidly is illuminated
by momentary flashes of light passing through slits in a rotating
disk. By properly timing the succession of flashes the wheel is
made to appear to be motionless, or to rotate more or less slowly
in either direction.
Pho`to-e*lec"tric (?), a.
[Photo- + electric.] Acting
by the operation of both light and electricity; -- said of
apparatus for producing pictures by electric light.
Pho`to-e*lec"tro*type (?), n.
(Print.) An electrotype plate formed in a mold
made by photographing on prepared gelatine, etc.
Pho`to-en*grav"ing (?), n.
[Photo- + engraving.] The
process of obtaining an etched or engraved plate from the
photographic image, to be used in printing; also, a picture
produced by such a process.
Pho`to-ep"i*nas`ty (?), n. [See
Photo-, and Epinastic.] (Bot.)
A disproportionately rapid growth of the upper surface of
dorsiventral organs, such as leaves, through the stimulus of
exposure to light.
Encyc. Brit.
Pho`to*gal`va*nog"ra*phy (?), n.
[Photo- + galvanography.]
The art or process of making photo-electrotypes.
Sir D. Brewster.
Pho"to*gen (?), n.
[Photo- + -gen.]
(Chem.) A light hydrocarbon oil resembling
kerosene. It is obtained by distilling coal, paraffin, etc., and
is used as a lubricant, illuminant, etc. [Written
also photogene.]
Pho"to*gene (?), n. [See
Photogen.] 1. A photograph.
[Obsoles.]
2. A more or less continued impression or image on
the retina.
H. Spencer.
Pho`to*gen"ic (?), a. Of or
pertaining to photogeny; producing or generating light.
Pho*tog"e*ny (?), n. [See
Photogen.] See Photography.
[Obsoles.]
Pho`to*glyph"ic (?), a.
[Photo- + Gr. / to engrave.]
Pertaining to the art of engraving by the action of
light. [Written also
photoglyptic.]
Photoglyphic engraving, a process of etching
on copper, steel, or zinc, by means of the action of light and
certain chemicals, so that from the plate impressions may be
taken.
Sir D. Brewster.
Pho*tog"ly*phy (?), n.
Photoglyphic engraving. See under
Photoglyphic.
Pho`to*glyp"tic (?), a. Same as
Photoglyphic.
Pho"to*gram (?), n.
[Photo- + -gram.] A
photograph. [R.]
Pho"to*graph (?), n.
[Photo- + -graph.] A
picture or likeness obtained by photography.
Pho"to*graph, v. t. [imp. &
p. p. Photographed (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Photographing (?).]
To take a picture or likeness of by means of photography;
as, to photograph a view; to photograph a
group.
He makes his pen drawing on white paper, and they are
afterwards photographed on wood.
Hamerton.
Also used figuratively.
He is photographed on my mind.
Lady D. Hardy.
Pho"to*graph, v. i. To practice
photography; to take photographs.
Pho*tog"ra*pher (?), n. One who
practices, or is skilled in, photography.
{ Pho`to*graph"ic (?),
Pho`to*graph"ic*al (?), } a.
[Cf. F. photographique.] Of or
pertaining to photography; obtained by photography; used ib
photography; as a photographic picture; a
photographic camera. --
Pho`to*graph"ic*al*ly,
adv.
Photographic printing, the process of
obtaining pictures, as on chemically prepared paper, from
photographic negatives, by exposure to light.
Pho*tog"ra*phist (?), n. A
photographer.
Pho*tog"ra*phom"e*ter (?), n.
[Photograph + -meter.]
(Photog.) An instrument for determining the
sensibility of the plates employed in photographic processes to
luminous rays.
Pho*tog"ra*phy (?), n.
[Photo- + -graphy: cf. F.
photographie.] 1. The science
which relates to the action of light on sensitive bodies in the
production of pictures, the fixation of images, and the
like.
2. The art or process of producing pictures by this
action of light.
thiosulphate) or other suitable reagents.
<-- color photography, the production of colored images by a
photographic process. A variety of dyes are used to produced the
colored images. Processes may or may not use silver to produce
the colored image. -->
Pho`to*grav"ure (?), n.
[F.] A photoengraving; also, the process by which
such a picture is produced.
Pho`to*he"li*o*graph (?), n.
[Photo- + heliograph.]
(Physics) A modified kind of telescope adapted to
taking photographs of the sun.
Pho`to*lith"o*graph (?), n.
[Photo- + lithograph.] A
lithographic picture or copy from a stone prepared by the aid of
photography.
Pho`to*lith"o*graph, v. t. To produce (a
picture, a copy) by the process of photolithography.
Pho`to*li*thog"ra*pher (?), n.
One who practices, or one who employs,
photolithography.
Pho`to*lith`o*graph"ic (?), n.
Of or pertaining to photolithography; produced by
photolithography.
Pho`to*li*thog"ra*phy (?), n.
The art or process of producing photolithographs.
<-- The process by which the image of a pattern is transferred
photographically to a sensitive surface, and the surface
subsequently etched; used for printing or in the production of
integrated circuits. -->
{ Pho`to*log"ic (?),
Pho`to*log"ic*al (?), } a.
Pertaining to photology, or the doctrine of light.
Pho*tol"o*gist (?), n. One who
studies or expounds the laws of light.
Pho*tol"o*gy (?), n.
[Photo- + -logy: cf. F.
photologie.] The doctrine or science of
light, explaining its nature and phenomena; optics.
Pho`to*mag*net"ic (?), a. Of or
pertaining to photomagnetism.
Pho`to*mag"net*ism (?), n. The
branch of science which treats of the relation of magnetism to
light.
Pho`to*me*chan"ic*al (?), a.
Pertaining to, or designating, any photographic process in
which a printing surface is obtained without the intervention of
hand engraving.
Pho*tom"e*ter (?), n.
[Photo- + -meter: cf. F.
photom\'8atre.] (Physics) An
instrument for measuring the intensity of light, or, more
especially, for comparing the relative intensities of different
lights, or their relative illuminating power.
{ Pho`to*met"ric (?),
Pho`to*met"ric*al (?), } a.
[Cf. F. photom\'82trique.] Of or
pertaining to photometry, or to a photometer.
Pho*tom`e*tri"cian (?), n. One
engaged in the scientific measurement of light.
Pho*tom"e*try (?), n. [Cf. F.
photom\'82trie.] That branch of science
which treats of the measurement of the intensity of light.
Pho`to*mi"cro*graph (?), n.
[Photo- + micro +
-graph.] 1. An enlarged or
macroscopic photograph of a microscopic object. See
Microphotograph.
2. A microscopically small photograph of an
object.
Pho`to*mi*crog"ra*phy (?), n.
The art of producing photomicrographs.
Pho`to*pho"bi*a (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. /, /, light + / fear.] (Med.)
A dread or intolerance of light.
Sir T. Watson.
Pho"to*phone (?), n.
[Photo- + Gr. / sound.]
(Physics) An apparatus for the production of
sound by the action of rays of light.
A. G. Bell.
Pho`to*phon"ic (?), a. Of or
pertaining to photophone.
Pho*toph"o*ny (?), n. The art
or practice of using the photophone.
Pho*top"si*a (?), n. [NL., fr.
Gr. /, /, light + / sight.] (Med.) An
affection of the eye, in which the patient perceives luminous
rays, flashes, coruscations, etc. See phosphene.
Pho*top"sy (?), n. Same as
Photopsia.
Pho`to*re*lief" (?), n. A
printing surface in relief, obtained by photographic means and
subsequent manipulations.
Knight.
Pho"to*scope (?), n.
[Photo- + -scope.]
(Physics) Anything employed for the observation
of light or luminous effects.
Pho`to*scop"ic (?), a. Of or
pertaining to the photoscope or its uses.
Pho`to*sculp"ture (?), n.
[Photo- + sculpture.] A
process in which, by means of a number of photographs
simultaneously taken from different points of view on the same
level, rough models of the figure or bust of a person or animal
may be made with great expedition.
Pho"to*sphere (?), n.
[Photo- + sphere.] A sphere
of light; esp., the luminous envelope of the sun.
Pho`to*spher"ic (?), a. Of or
pertaining to the photosphere.
Pho*tot"o*nus (?), n. [NL. See
Photo-, and Tone.] (Bot.)
A motile condition in plants resulting from exposure to
light. -- Pho`to*ton"ic (#),
a.
Pho`to*trop"ic (?), a.
[Photo- + Gr. / to turn.]
(Bot.) Same as Heliotropic.
Pho"to*type (?), n.
[Photo- + -type.] A plate
or block with a printing surface (usually in relief) obtained
from a photograph; also, any one of the many methods of processes
by which such a printing surface is obtained.
Pho`to*typ"ic (?), a. Of or
pertaining to a phototype or phototypy.
Pho`to*ty*pog"ra*phy (?), n.
[Photo- + typography.] Same
as Phototypy.
Pho*tot"y*py (?), n. The art or
process of producing phototypes.
Pho`to*xy*log"ra*phy (?), n.
[Photo- + xylography.] The
process of producing a representation of an object on wood, by
photography, for the use of the wood engraver.
Pho`to*zin"co*graph (?), n. A
print made by photozincography. --
Pho`to*zin`co*graph"ic,
a.
Pho`to*zin*cog"ra*phy (?), n.
[Photo- + zincography.] A
process, analogous to photolithography, for reproducing
photographed impressions transferred to zinc plate.
Phrag"mo*cone (?), n. [Gr. /,
/, a fence, an inclosure + / a cone.]
(Zo\'94l.) The thin chambered shell attached to
the anterior end of a belemnite. [Written also
phragmacone.]
Phrag`mo*si"phon (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The siphon of a phragmocone.
Phras"al (?), a. Of the nature
of a phrase; consisting of a phrase; as, a phrasal
adverb.
Earlc.
Phrase (?), n. [F., fr. L.
phrasis diction, phraseology, Gr. /, fr. / to
speak.] 1. A brief expression, sometimes a
single word, but usually two or more words forming an expression
by themselves, or being a portion of a sentence; as, an
adverbial phrase.
\'bdConvey\'b8 the wise it call. \'bdSteal!\'b8 foh! a fico
for the phrase.
Shak.
2. A short, pithy expression; especially, one which
is often employed; a peculiar or idiomatic turn of speech;
as, to err is human.
3. A mode or form of speech; the manner or style in
which any one expreses himself; diction; expression.
\'bdPhrases of the hearth.\'b8
Tennyson.
Thou speak'st
In better phrase and matter than thou didst.
Shak.
4. (Mus.) A short clause or portion of a
period.
periods; these are subdivided into
sections, and these into phrases.
Phrase book, a book of idiomatic
phrases.
J. S. Blackie.
Phrase, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Phrased (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Phrasing.] [Cf. F.
phraser.] To express in words, or in
peculiar words; to call; to style. \'bdThese suns -- for so
they phrase 'em.\'b8
Shak.
Phrase, v. i. 1. To use proper
or fine phrases. [R.]
2. (Mus.) To group notes into phrases;
as, he phrases well. See Phrase,
n., 4.
Phrase"less, a. Indescribable.
Shak.
Phra"se*o*gram (?), n. [Gr. /
a phrase + -gram.] (Phonography)
A symbol for a phrase.
{ Phra`se*o*log"ic (?),
Phra`se*o*log"ic*al (?), } a.
Of or pertaining to phraseology; consisting of a peculiar
form of words. \'bdThis verbal or phraseological
answer.\'b8
Bp. Pearson.
Phra`se*ol"o*gist (?), n. A
collector or coiner of phrases.
Phra`se*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr.
/, /, phrase + -logy: cf. F.
phras\'82ologie.] 1. Manner of
expression; peculiarity of diction; style.
Most completely national in his . . .
phraseology.
I. Taylor.
2. A collection of phrases; a phrase book.
[R.]
Syn. -- Diction; style. See Diction.
Phras"ing (?), n. 1.
Method of expression; association of words.
2. (Mus.) The act or method of grouping
the notes so as to form distinct musical phrases.
Phra"try (?), n.; pl.
Phratries (#). [Gr. /,
/.] (Gr. Antiq.) A subdivision of a
phyle, or tribe, in Athens.
Phre*at"ic (?), a. [F.
phr\'82atique, from Gr. /, /, a well.]
(Geol.) Subterranean; -- applied to sources
supplying wells.
{ Phre*net"ic (?), Phre*net"ic*al
(?), } a. [L.
phreneticus, Gr. /, /: cf. F.
phr\'82n\'82tique. See Frantic, and cf.
Frenetic.] Relating to phrenitis; suffering
from frenzy; delirious; mad; frantic; frenetic. --
Phre*net"ic*al*ly,
adv.
Phre*net"ic, n. One who is
phrenetic.
Harvey.
<-- p. 1080 -->
<-- p. 1080 -->
Phren"ic (?), a.[Gr. /, /,
the midriff, or diaphragm, the heart, the mind: cf. F.
phr\'82nique.] (Anat.) Of or
pertaining to the diaphragm; diaphragmatic; as, the
phrenic nerve.
Phren"ics (?), n. That branch
of science which relates to the mind; mental philosophy.
[R.]
Phre"nism (?), n. [See
Phrenic.] (Biol.) See Vital
force, under Vital.
\'d8Phre*ni"tis (?), n. [L.,
fr. Gr. /, fr. /, /.] 1. (Med.)
Inflammation of the brain, or of the meninges of the brain,
attended with acute fever and delirium; -- called also
cephalitis.
2. See Frenzy.
Phre"no*graph (?), n. [Gr. /,
/, the migriff + -graph.]
(Physiol.) An instrument for registering the
movements of the diaphragm, or midriff, in respiration.
Phre*nol"o*ger (?), n. A
phrenologist.
Phren`o*log"ic (?), a. [Cf. F.
phr\'82nologique.] Phrenological.
Phren`o*log"ic*al (?), a. Of or
pertaining to phrenology. --
Phren`o*log"ic*al*ly,
adv.
Phre*nol"o*gist (?), n. [Cf. F.
phr\'82nologiste.] One versed in
phrenology; a craniologist.
Phre*nol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. /,
/, the mind + -logy: cf. F.
phr\'82nologie.] 1. The science of
the special functions of the several parts of the brain, or of
the supposed connection between the various faculties of the mind
and particular organs in the brain.
2. In popular usage, the physiological hypothesis
of Gall, that the mental faculties, and traits of character, are
shown on the surface of the head or skull; craniology.
<-- considered pseudo-science by all reputable medical personnel,
but still believed by -->
Encyc. Brit.
<-- Illustr. of a chart of phrenology, showing the areas of the
skull as "mapped" by Gall. -->
Phre`no*mag"net*ism (?), n.
[Gr. /, /, the mind + E. magnetism.]
The power of exciting the organs of the brain by magnetic or
mesmeric influence.
Phre"no*sin (?), n. [See
Phrenic.] (Physiol. Chem.) A
nitrogenous body, related to cerebrin, supposed to exist in the
brain.
Phren"sied (?), p. p. & a. See
Frenzied.
Phren"sy (?), n. Violent and
irrational excitement; delirium. See Frenzy.
Phren"sy, v. t. To render frantic.
Phren"tic (?), n. & a. See
Phrenetic. [Obs.]
Phry*ga"ne*id (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) Any insect belonging to the
Phryganeides.
\'d8Phryg`a*ne"i*des (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Phryganea, the typical genus, fr. Gr.
/ a dry stick.] (Zo\'94l.) A tribe of
neuropterous insects which includes the caddice flies; -- called
also Trichoptera. See
Trichoptera. [Written also
Phryganides.]
Phryg"i*an (?), a. [L.
Phrygius, Gr. /, fr. / Phrygia, a country of Asia
Minor.] Of or pertaining to Phrygia, or to its
inhabitants.
Phrygian mode (Mus.), one of the
ancient Greek modes, very bold and vehement in style; -- so
called because fabled to have been invented by the
Phrygian Marsyas. Moore (Encyc. of
Music). -- Phrygian stone, a light,
spongy stone, resembling a pumice, -- used by the ancients in
dyeing, and said to be drying and astringent.
Phryg"i*an, n. 1. A native or
inhabitant of Phrygia.
2. (Eccl. Hist.) A Montanist.
Phthal"ate (?), n.
(Chem.) A salt of phthalic acid.
Phthal"e*in (?), n. [See
Phthalic.] (Chem.) One of a series
of artificial organic dyes made as condensation products of the
phenols with phthalic acid, and well represented by phenol
phthale\'8bn. Their alkaline solutions are fluorescent.
Phenol phthalein, a white or yellowish white
crystalline substance made from phthalic acid and phenol. Its
solution in alkalies is brilliant red, but is decolorized by
acids, and as this reaction is exceedingly delicate it is used as
an indicator.
Phthal"ic (?), a.
[Naphthalene + -ic.]
(Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, a dibasic
acid obtained by the oxidation of naphthalene and allied
substances.
Phthalic acid (Chem.), a white
crystalline substance, C6H4.(CO2H)2, analogous
to benzoic acid, and employed in the brilliant dyestuffs called
the phthaleins.
Phthal"ide (?), n.
[Phthalyl + anhydride.]
(Chem.) A lactone obtained by reduction of
phthalyl chloride, as a white crystalline substance; hence, by
extension, any one of the series of which phthalide proper is the
type. [Written also phthalid.]
<-- phthalic anhydride? would be classed as an acid anhydride,
rather than a lactone. Obtained commercially by a different
process. -->
Phthal"i*mide (?), n.
[Phthalic + imide.]
(Chem.) An imido derivative of phthalic acid,
obtained as a white crystalline substance,
C6H4.(CO)2NH, which has itself (like
succinimide) acid properties, and forms a series of salts. Cf.
Imido acid, under Imido.
Phthal"in (?), n. (Chem.)
A colorless crystalline substance obtained by reduction from
phthale\'8bn, into which it is easily converted by oxidation;
hence, any one of the series of which phthalin proper is the
type.
Phthal"yl (?), n.
[Phthalic + -yl.]
(Chem.) The hypothetical radical of phthalic
acid.<-- now usu. pthaloyl -->
\'d8Phthi*ri"a*sis (?), n. [L.,
fr. Gr. /, fr. / louse.] (Med.) A
disease (morbus pediculous) consisting in the
excessive multiplication of lice on the human body.
Phthis"ic (?), n. Same as
Phthisis.
Phthis"ic*al (?), a. [L.
phthisicus, Gr. /: cf. F. phthisique. See
Phthisis.] Of or pertaining to phthisis;
affected with phthisis; wasting; consumptive.
Phthis"ick*y (?), a. Having
phthisis, or some symptom of it, as difficulty in
breathing.
Phthis`i*ol"o*gy (?), n.
[Phthisis + -logy.]
(Med.) A treatise on phthisis.
Dunglison.
{ \'d8Phthis`ip*neu*mo"ni*a (?),
Phthis`ip*neu"mo*ny (?), } n.
[NL. See Phthisis, Pneumonia.]
(Med.) Pulmonary consumption.
Phthi"sis (?), n. [L., fr. Gr.
/, fr. / to pass or waste away: cf. F.
phthisie.] (Med.) A wasting or
consumption of the tissues. The term was formerly applied to many
wasting diseases, but is now usually restricted to pulmonary
phthisis, or consumption. See Consumption.
Fibroid phthisis. See under
Fibroid.
Phthon"gal (?), a. [Gr. /
voice.] Formed into, or characterized by, voice;
vocalized; -- said of all the vowels and the semivowels, also of
the vocal or sonant consonants g, d,
b, l, r, v,
z, etc.
Phthon"gal, n. A vocalized element or
letter.
Phthon*gom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr.
/ voice + -meter.] An instrument for
measuring vocal sounds.
Whewell.
Phthor (?), n. [F.
phthore, Gr. / to destroy.] (Old
Chem.) Fluorine. [Written also
phthor.]
Phy"cite (?), n. [Gr. /
seaweed.] (Chem.) See Erythrite,
1.
Phy"co*chrome (?), n. [Gr. /
seaweed + / color.] (Bot.) A bluish green
coloring matter of certain alg\'91.
{ Phy`co*cy"a*nin (?),
Phy`co*cy"a*nine (?), } n.
[Gr. / seaweed + E. cyanin.] A blue
coloring matter found in certain alg\'91.
{ Phy`co*e*ryth"rin (?),
Phy`co*e*ryth"rine (?), } n.
[Gr. / seaweed + E. erythrin,
-ine.] A red coloring matter found in
alg\'91 of the subclass Floride\'91.
Phy*cog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. /
seaweed + -graphy.] A description of
seaweeds.
Phy*col"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. /
seaweed + -logy.] The science of alg\'91,
or seaweeds; algology.
\'d8Phy`co*ma"ter (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. / seaweed + L. mater mother.]
(Bot.) A gelatin in which the alg\'91 spores have
been supposed to vegetate.
Phy`co*ph\'91"ine (?), n. [Gr.
/ seaweed + (/) dusky.] A brown coloring matter
found in certain alg\'91.
{ Phy`co*xan"thin (?),
Phy`co*xan"thine (?), } n.
[Gr. / seaweed + / yellow.] A yellowish
coloring matter found in certain alg\'91.
Phy*lac"ter (?), n. A
phylactery.
Sandys.
Phy*lac"tered (?), a. Wearing a
phylactery.
{ Phyl`ac*ter"ic (?),
Phyl`ac*ter"ic*al (?), } a.
Of or pertaining to phylacteries.
Phy*lac"ter*y (?), n.; pl.
Phylacteries (#). [OE.
filateri, OF. filatire,
filatiere, F. phylact\'8are, L.
phylacterium, Gr. /, fr. / a watcher, guard, /
to watch, guard. Cf. Philatory.] 1.
Any charm or amulet worn as a preservative from danger or
disease.
2. A small square box, made either of parchment or
of black calfskin, containing slips of parchment or vellum on
which are written the scriptural passages Exodus xiii. 2-10, and
11-17, Deut. vi. 4-9, 13-22. They are worn by Jews on the head
and left arm, on week-day mornings, during the time of
prayer.
Schaff-Herzog Encyc.
3. Among the primitive Christians, a case in which
the relics of the dead were inclosed.
Phy*lac"to*carp (?), n. [Gr.
/ to guard + / fruit.] (Zo\'94l.) A
branch of a plumularian hydroid specially modified in structure
for the protection of the gonothec\'91.
{ \'d8Phy*lac`to*l\'91"ma (?),
\'d8Phy*lac`to*l\'91"ma*ta (?), } n.
pl. [NL., fr. Gr. / to guard + / the
gullet.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of fresh-water
Bryozoa in which the tentacles are arranged on a horseshoe-shaped
lophophore, and the mouth is covered by an epistome. Called also
Lophopoda, and
hippocrepians.
Phy*lac`to*l\'91"ma*tous (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the
Phylactol\'91ma.
{ \'d8Phy*lac`to*le"ma (?),
\'d8Phy*lac`to*le"ma*ta (?), } n.
pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as
Phylactol\'91ma.
Phy"larch (?), n. [L.
phylarchus, Gr. /. See Phyle, and
-arch.] (Gr. Antiq.) The chief of
a phyle, or tribe.
Phy"larch*y (?), n. [Gr.
/.] The office of a phylarch; government of a class
or tribe.
\'d8Phy"le (?), n.; pl.
Phyl\'91 (#). [NL., fr. Gr. / a
body of men united by ties of blood or habitation.] A
local division of the people in ancient Athens; a clan; a
tribe.
Phyl"lite (?), n. [See
Phylo-.] (Min.) (a) A
mineral related to ottrelite. (b) Clay slate;
argillaceous schist.
Phyl"lo- (?). A combining form from Gr.
/ a leaf; as, phyllopod,
phyllotaxy.
\'d8Phyl`lo*bran"chi*a (?), n.;
pl. Phyllobranci\'91 (#).
[NL. See Phyllo-, and Branchia.]
(Zo\'94l.) A crustacean gill composed of
lamell\'91.
\'d8Phyl`lo*cla"di*um (?), n.;
pl. Phyllocladia (#). [NL.,
fr. Gr. / a leaf + / a sprout.] (Bot.)
A flattened stem or branch which more or less resembles a
leaf, and performs the function of a leaf as regards respiration
and assimilation.
Phyl`lo*cy"a*nin (?), n.
[Phyllo- + cyanin.]
(Chem.) A blue coloring matter extracted from
chlorophyll. [Written also
phyllocyanine.]
Phyl"lo*cyst (?), n.
[Phyllo- + cyst.]
(Zo\'94l.) The cavity of a hydrophyllium.
Phyl"lode (?), n. (Bot.)
Same as Phyllodium.
Phyl`lo*din"eous (?), a.
(Bot.) Having phyllodia; relating to
phyllodia.
\'d8Phyl*lo"di*um (?), n.; pl.
Phyllodia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. /
leaflike; / leaf + / form.] (Bot.) A
petiole dilated into the form of a blade, and usually with
vertical edges, as in the Australian acacias.
Phyl"lo*dy (?), n. [See
Phyllodium.] (Bot.) A retrograde
metamorphosis of the floral organs to the condition of
leaves.
Phyl"loid (?), a.
[Phyllo- + -oid.]
Resembling a leaf.
Phyl`lo*ma"ni*a (?), n.
[Phyllo- + mania.]
(Bot.) An abnormal or excessive production of
leaves.
Phyl"lome (?), n. [Gr. /
foliage, fr. / a leaf.] (Bot.) A foliar
part of a plant; any organ homologous with a leaf, or produced by
metamorphosis of a leaf.
\'d8Phyl`lo*mor*pho"sis (?), n.
[NL. See Phyllo-, Morphosis.]
(Bot.) The succession and variation of leaves
during different seasons.
R. Brown.
Phyl*loph"a*gan (?), n.
[Phyllo- + Gr. / to eat.]
(Zo\'94l.) (a) One of a group of
marsupials including the phalangists. (b) One
of a tribe of beetles which feed upon the leaves of plants, as
the chafers.
Phyl*loph"a*gous (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Substituting on leaves;
leaf-eating.
Phyl*loph"o*rous (?), a.
[Phyllo- + Gr. / to bear.]
(Bot.) Leaf-bearing; producing leaves.
Phyl"lo*pod (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) One of the Phyllopoda. [Also
used adjectively.]
\'d8Phyl*lop"o*da (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / a leaf + -poda.]
(Zo\'94l.) An order of Entomostraca including a
large number of species, most of which live in fresh water. They
have flattened or leaflike legs, often very numerous, which they
use in swimming. Called also
Branchiopoda.
Holostraca); in others, as Apus, by a shield-shaped
carapace (Monostraca); in others, like Artemia, there
is no carapace, and the body is regularly segmented. Sometimes
the group is made to include also the Cladocera.
Phyl*lop"o*dous (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the
Phyllopoda.
Phyl"lo*rhine (?), a.
[Phyllo- + Gr. /, /, the nose.]
(Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to
Phyllorhina and other related genera of bats that have
a leaflike membrane around the nostrils.
\'d8Phyl`lo*so"ma (?), n. [NL.
See Phyllo-, and -some body.]
(Zo\'94l.) The larva of the spiny lobsters
(Palinurus and allied genera). Its body is remarkably
thin, flat, and transparent; the legs are very long. Called also
glass-crab, and
glass-shrimp.
<-- p. 1081 -->
Phyl"lo*stome (?), n.
[Phyllo- + Gr. / mouth.]
(Zo\'94l.) Any bat of the genus
Phyllostoma, or allied genera, having large membranes
around the mouth and nose; a nose-leaf bat.
Phyl*lol"to*mid (?), n. A
phyllostome.
Phyl`lo*tac"tic (?), a.
(Bot.) Of or pertaining to phyllotaxy.
{ Phyl"lo*tax`y (?),
Phyl"lo*tax`is (?), } n.
[Phyllo- + Gr. / order.]
(Bot.) The order or arrangement of leaves on the
stem; the science of the relative position of leaves.
Phyl"lous (?), a. (Bot.)
Homologous with a leaf; as, the sepals, petals, stamens,
and pistils are phyllous organs.
Phyl`lo*xan"thin (?), n.
[Phyllo- + Gr. / yellow.]
(Bot.) A yellow coloring matter extracted from
chlorophyll.
Phyl`lox*e"ra (?), n. [NL., fr.
Gr. / leaf + / dry.] 1. (Zo\'94l.)
A small hemipterous insect (Phylloxera vastatrix)
allied to the aphids. It attacks the roots and leaves of the
grapevine, doing great damage, especially in Europe.
2. The diseased condition of a vine caused by the
insect just described.
{ Phy`lo*gen"e*sis (?),
Phy*log"e*ny (?), } n.
[Gr. / tribe + E. genesis, or root of Gr. /
to be born.] The history of genealogical development;
the race history of an animal or vegetable type; the historic
exolution of the phylon or tribe, in distinction from
ontogeny, or the development of the individual
organism, and from biogenesis, or life development
generally.
Phy*lo*ge*net"ic (?), a.
Relating to phylogenesis, or the race history of a type of
organism. -- Phy*lo*ge*net"ic*al*ly
(#), adv.
\'d8Phy"lon (?), n.; pl.
Phyla (#). [NL., fr. Gr. / race,
tribe.] (Biol.) A tribe.
\'d8Phy"lum (?), n.; pl.
Phyla (#). [NL. See
Phylon.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the
larger divisions of the animal kingdom; a branch; a grand
division.
\'d8Phy"ma (?), n.; pl.
Phymata (#). [NL., fr. Gr. /,
fr. / to produce.] (Med.) A tubercle on
any external part of the body.
\'d8Phy"sa (?), n. [NL., fr.
Gr. / a bellows.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of
fresh-water Pulmonifera, having reversed spiral shells. See
Pond snail, under Pond.
\'d8Phy*sa"li*a (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. / a bladder, fr. / a bellows.]
(Zo\'94l.) A genus of large oceanic Siphonophora
which includes the Portuguese man-of-war.
Physalia
arethusa) is brilliantly colored, the float being pink or
purple, and bright blue; the zooids blue. It is noted for its
virulent stinging powers, as well as for its beautiful colors,
graceful motions, and its ability to sail to windward.
\'d8Phy*sa"li*\'91 (?), n. pl.
[NL.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of
Siphonophora which includes Physalia.
\'d8Phys`e*ma"ri*a (?), n. pl.
[NL., from Gr. / a blowing.] (Zo\'94l.)
A group of simple marine organisms, usually classed as the
lowest of the sponges. They have inflated hollow bodies.
Phy*se"ter (?), n. [L., fr. Gr.
/, fr. / to blow: cf. F. phys\'82t\'8are.]
1. (Zo\'94l.) The genus that includes
the sperm whale.
2. A filtering machine operated by air
pressure.
Phys`i*an"thro*py (?), n. [Gr.
/ nature + / man.] The philosophy of human life,
or the doctrine of the constitution and diseases of man, and
their remedies.
Phys"ic (?), n. [OE.
phisike, fisike, OF. phisique,
F. physique knowledge of nature, physics, L.
physica, physice, fr. Gr. /, fr. /
natural, from / nature, fr. / to produce, grow, akin to E.
be. See Be, and cf. Physics,
Physique.] 1. The art of healing
diseases; the science of medicine; the theory or practice of
medicine.<-- obsolete -- superseded by medicine --> \'bdA
doctor of physik.\'b8
Chaucer.
2. A specific internal application for the cure or
relief of sickness; a remedy for disease; a medicine.
3. Specifically, a medicine that purges; a
cathartic.
4. A physician. [R.]
Shak.
Physic nut (Bot.), a small tropical
American euphorbiaceous tree (Jatropha Curcas), and
its seeds, which are well flavored, but contain a drastic oil
which renders them dangerous if eaten in large
quantities.
Phys"ic (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Physiced
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Physicking
(?).] 1. To treat with physic
or medicine; to administer medicine to, esp. a cathartic; to
operate on as a cathartic; to purge.
2. To work on as a remedy; to heal; to cure.
The labor we delight in physics pain.
Shak.
A mind diseased no remedy can physic.
Byron.
Phys"ic*al (?), a. 1.
Of or pertaining to nature (as including all created
existences); in accordance with the laws of nature; also, of or
relating to natural or material things, or to the bodily
structure, as opposed to things mental, moral, spiritual, or
imaginary; material; natural; as, armies and navies are the
physical force of a nation; the body is the
physical part of man.
Labor, in the physical world, is . . . employed in
putting objects in motion.
J. S. Mill.
A society sunk in ignorance, and ruled by mere
physical force.
Macaulay.
2. Of or pertaining to physics, or natural
philosophy; treating of, or relating to, the causes and
connections of natural phenomena; as, physical
science; physical laws.
\'bdPhysical philosophy.\'b8
Pope.
3. Perceptible through a bodily or material
organization; cognizable by the senses; external; as, the
physical, opposed to chemical, characters of a
mineral.
4. Of or pertaining to physic, or the art of
medicine; medicinal; curative; healing; also, cathartic;
purgative. [Obs.] \'bdPhysical
herbs.\'b8
Sir T. North.
Is Brutus sick? and is it physical
To walk unbraced, and suck up the humors
Of the dank morning?
Shak.
Physical astronomy, that part of astronomy
which treats of the causes of the celestial motions;
specifically, that which treats of the motions resulting from
universal gravitation. -- Physical education,
training of the bodily organs and powers with a view to the
promotion of health and vigor. -- Physical
examination (Med.), an examination of the
bodily condition of a person. -- Physical
geography. See under Geography. --
Physical point, an indefinitely small portion of
matter; a point conceived as being without extension, yet having
physical properties, as weight, inertia, momentum, etc.; a
material point. -- Physical signs
(Med.), the objective signs of the bodily state
afforded by a physical examination.
Phys"ic*al*ly, adv. In a physical
manner; according to the laws of nature or physics; by physical
force; not morally.
I am not now treating physically of light or
colors.
Locke.
2. According to the rules of medicine.
[Obs.]
He that lives physically must live miserably.
Cheyne.
Phy*si"cian (?), n. [OE.
fisician, fisicien, OF.
physucien, a physician, in F., a natural philosopher,
an experimentalist in physics. See Physic.]
1. A person skilled in physic, or the art of
healing; one duty authorized to prescribe remedies for, and
treat, diseases; a doctor of medicine.<-- one trained and
licensed to treat illness and prescribe medicines. -->
2. Hence, figuratively, one who ministers to moral
diseases; as, a physician of the soul.
Phy*si"cianed (?), a. Licensed
as a physician. [Obs.] \'bdA
physicianed apothecary.\'b8
Walpole.
Phys"i*cism (?), n. The
tendency of the mind toward, or its preoccupation with, physical
phenomena; materialism in philosophy and religion.
Anthropomorphism grows into theology, while
physicism (if I may so call it) develops into
science.
Huxley.
Phys"i*cist (?), n. One versed
in physics.
2. (Biol.) A believer in the theory that
the fundamental phenomena of life are to be explained upon purely
chemical and physical principles; -- opposed to
vitalist.
Phys"ick*ing (?), p. pr. & vb.
n. fr. Physic, v. t.
Phys"i*co- (?). [Fr. Gr. / natural,
physical.] A combining form, denoting relation
to, or dependence upon, natural
causes, or the science of physics.
Phys`i*co*chem"ic*al (?), a.
[Physico- + chemical.]
Involving the principles of both physics and chemistry;
dependent on, or produced by, the joint action of physical and
chemical agencies.
Huxley.
Phys`i*co*log"ic (?), n.
[Physico- + logic.] Logic
illustrated by physics.
Phys`i*co*log"ic*al (?), a. Of
or pertaining to physicologic.
Swift.
Phys`i*col"o*gy (?), n.
[Physico- + -logy.]
Physics. [R.] --
Phys`i*col"o*gist (#), n.
[R.]
Phys`i*co-math`e*mat"ics (?), n.
[Physico- + mathematics.]
Mixed mathematics.
Phys`i*co-phi*los"o*phy (?), n.
[Physico- + philosophy.]
The philosophy of nature.
Phys`i*co-the*ol"o*gy (?), n.
[Physico- + theology.]
Theology or divinity illustrated or enforced by physics or
natural philosophy.
Phys"ics (?), n. [See
Physic.] The science of nature, or of natural
objects; that branch of science which treats of the laws and
properties of matter, and the forces acting upon it; especially,
that department of natural science which treats of the causes (as
gravitation, heat, light, magnetism, electricity, etc.) that
modify the general properties of bodies; natural
philosophy.
Chemistry, though a branch of
general physics, is commonly treated as a science by
itself, and the application of physical principles which it
involves constitute a branch called chemical physics,
which treats more especially of those physical properties of
matter which are used by chemists in defining and distinguishing
substances.
Phys"i*o*crat (?), n. [Gr. /
nature + / to rule.] One of the followers of Quesnay
of France, who, in the 18th century, founded a system of
political economy based upon the supremacy of natural
order. F. A. Walker. --
Phys`i*o*crat"ic (#),
a.
Phys`i*og"e*ny (?), n. [Gr. /
nature + root of / to be born.] (Biol.)
The germ history of the functions, or the history of the
development of vital activities, in the individual, being one of
the branches of ontogeny. See Morphogeny.
Haeckel.
Phys`i*og"no*mer (?), n.
Physiognomist.
{ Phys`i*og*nom"ic (?),
Phys`i*og*nom"ic*al (?), } a.
[Gr. /: cf. F. physiognomonique.] Of
or pertaining to physiognomy; according with the principles of
physiognomy. -- Phys`i*og*nom"ic*al*ly,
adv.
Phys`i*og*nom"ist (?), n. Same
as Physiognomy, 1.
Phys`i*og"no*mist (?), n. [Cf.
F. physiognomiste.] 1. One skilled
in physiognomy.
Dryden.
2. One who tells fortunes by physiognomy.
Holland.
Phys`i*og"no*mize (?), v. t. To
observe and study the physiognomy of. [R.]
Southey.
Phys`i*og`no*mmon"ic (?), a.
Physiognomic.
Phys`i*og"no*my (?), n.; pl.
Physiognomies (#). [OE.
fisonomie, phisonomie, fisnamie,
OF. phisonomie, F. physiognomie,
physiognomonie, from Gr. /; / nature + / one who
knows or examines, a judge, fr. /, /, to know. See
Physic, and Know, and cf. Phiz.]
1. The art and science of discovering the
predominant temper, and other characteristic qualities of the
mind, by the outward appearance, especially by the features of
the face.
2. The face or countenance, with respect to the
temper of the mind; particular configuration, cast, or expression
of countenance, as denoting character.
3. The art telling fortunes by inspection of the
features. [Obs.]
Bale.
4. The general appearance or aspect of a thing,
without reference to its scientific characteristics; as, the
physiognomy of a plant, or of a meteor.
Phys`i*og"o*ny (?), n. [Gr. /
nature + / birth.] The birth of nature.
[R.]
Coleridge.
{ Phys`i*o*graph"ic (?),
Phys`i*o*graph"ic*al (?), } a.
[Cf. F. physiographique.] Of or
pertaining to physiography.
Phys`i*og"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr.
/ nature + -graphy: cf. F.
physiographie.] The science which treats of
the earth's exterior physical features, climate, life, etc., and
of the physical movements or changes on the earth's surface, as
the currents of the atmosphere and ocean, the secular variations
in heat, moisture, magnetism, etc.; physical geography.
Phys`i*ol"a*try (?), n. [Gr.
/ nature + / service.] The worship of the powers
or agencies of nature; materialism in religion; nature
worship. \'bdThe physiolatry of the Vedas.\'b8
M. Williams.
Phys`i*ol"o*ger (?), n. A
physiologist.
Phys`i*o*log"ic (?), a. [L.
physiologicus, Gr. /: cf. F.
physiologique.] Physiological.
Phys`i*o*log"ic*al (?), a. Of
or pertaining to physiology; relating to the science of the
functions of living organism; as, physiological
botany or chemistry.
Phys`i*o*log"ic*al*ly, adv. In a
physiological manner.
Phys`i*ol"o*gist (?), n. [Cf.
F. physiologiste.] One who is versed in the
science of physiology; a student of the properties and functions
of animal and vegetable organs and tissues.
Phys`i*ol"o*gize (?), v. i. To
speculate in physiology; to make physiological
investigations.
Cudworth.
Phys`i*ol"o*gy (?), n.; pl.
Physiologies (#). [L.
physiologia, Gr. /; / nature + / discourse: cf.
F. physiologie.] 1. The science
which treats of the phenomena of living organisms; the study of
the processes incidental to, and characteristic of, life.
animal and
vegetable physiology, dealing with animal and
vegetable life respectively. When applied especially to a study
of the functions of the organs and tissues in man, it is called
human physiology.
2. A treatise on physiology.
Mental physiology, the science of the
functions and phenomena of the mind, as distinguished from a
philosophical explanation of the same.
Phys`i*oph"y*ly (?), n. [Gr.
/ nature + / a clan.] (Biol.) The
tribal history of the functions, or the history of the
paleontological development of vital activities, -- being a
branch of phylogeny. See Morphophyly.
Haeckel.
Phy*sique" (?), n. [F. See
Physic.] The natural constitution, or
physical structure, of a person.
With his white hair and splendid physique.
Mrs. Stowe.
Phys"no*my (?), n.
Physiogmony. [Obs.]
Phys"o*clist, n. (Zo\'94l.)
One of the Physoclisti.
\'d8Phys`o*clis"ti (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / a bellows + / to close.]
(Zo\'94l.) An order of teleost in which the air
bladder has no opening.
Phys"o*grade (?), n. [Gr. / a
bellows + L. gradi to walk, go.]
(Zo\'94l.) Any siphonophore which has an air sac
for a float, as the Physalia.
\'d8Phy*soph"o*r\'91 (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / a bellows + / to bear.]
(Zo\'94l.) An order of Siphonophora, furnished
with an air sac, or float, and a series of nectocalyces. See
Illust. under Nectocalyx.
Phy"so*pod (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) One of the Physopoda; a thrips.
\'d8Phy*sop"o*da (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / a bellows + -poda.]
(Zo\'94l.) Same as Thysanoptera.
Phy`so*stig"mine (?), n.
(Chem.) An alkaloid found in the Calabar bean
(the seed of Physostigma venenosum), and extracted as
a white, tasteless, substance, amorphous or crystalline; --
formerly called eserine, with which it was
regarded as identical.
\'d8Phy*sos"to*mi (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / a bellows + / mouth.]
(Zo\'94l.) An order of fishes in which the air
bladder is provided with a duct, and the ventral fins, when
present, are abdominal. It includes the salmons, herrings, carps,
catfishes, and others.
<-- p. 1082 -->
Phy*sos"to*mous (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) Having a duct to the air
bladder. (b) Pertaining to the
Physostomi.
\'d8Phy*tel"e*phas (?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. / a plant + / the elephant; also,
ivory.] (Bot.) A genus of South American
palm trees, the seeds of which furnish the substance called
vegetable ivory.
Phy*tiv"o*rous (?), a.
[Phyto- + L. vorare to eat
greedily.] Feeding on plants or herbage; phytophagous;
as, phytivorous animals.
Ray.
Phy"to- (?). [See Physic.]
A combining form from Gr. fyto`n a
plant; as, phytochemistry,
phytography.
Phy`to*chem"ic*al (?), a.
Relating to phytochemistry.
R. Hunt.
Phy"to*chem"is*try (?), n.
[Phyto- + chemistry.]
Chemistry in its relation to vegetable bodies; vegetable
chemistry.
R. Hunt.
Phy*toch"i*my (?), n. [F.
phytochimie; Gr. / a plant + F. chimie
chemistry.] Phytochemistry.
[Obsoles.]
{ Phy`to*gen"e*sis (?),
Phy*tog"e*ny (?), } n.
[Phyto- + genesis, or root of Gr. /
to be born.] The doctrine of the generation of
plants.
Phy`to*ge"o*graph"ic*al (?), a.
Of or pertaining to phytogeography.
Phy`to*ge*og"ra*phy (?), n.
[Phyto- + geography.] The
geographical distribution of plants.
Phy`to*glyph"ic (?), a.
Relating to phytoglyphy.
Phy*tog"ly*phy (?), n.
[Phyto- + Gr. / to engrave.] See
Nature printing, under Nature.
Phy`to*graph"ic*al (?), a. [Cf.
F. phytographique.] Of or pertaining to
phytography.
Phy*tog"ra*phy (?), n.
[Phyto- + -graphy: cf. F.
phytographie.] The science of describing
plants in a systematic manner; also, a description of
plants.
Phy"toid (?), a.
[Phyto- + -oid.] Resembling
a plant; plantlike.
\'d8Phy`to*lac"ca (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. / plant + It. lacca lac.]
(Bot.) A genus of herbaceous plants, some of them
having berries which abound in intensely red juice; poke, or
pokeweed.
Phy"to*lite (?), n.
[Phyto- + -lite: cf. F.
phytolithe.] An old name for a fossil
plant.
Phy`to*li*thol"o*gist (?), n.
One versed in phytolithology; a paleobotanist.
Phy`to*li*thol"o*gy (?), n.
[Phyto- + lithology.] The
branch of science which treats of fossil plants; -- usually
called paleobotany, sometimes
paleophytology.
Phy`to*log"ic*al (?), a. [Cf.
F. phytologique.] Of or pertaining to
phytology; botanical.
Phy*tol"o*gist (?), n. One
skilled in phytology; a writer on plants; a botanist.
Evelyn.
Phy*tol"o*gy (?), n.
[Phyto- + -logy: cf. F.
phytologie.] The science of plants; a
description of the kinds and properties of plants; botany.
Sir T. Browne.
{ Phy"to*mer (?), Phy*tom"e*ron
(?), } n. [NL.
phytomeron, fr. Gr. / plant + / share.]
(Bot.) An organic element of a flowering plant; a
phyton.
\'d8Phy"ton (?), n.; pl.
Phytons (#). [NL., fr. Gr. /
plant.] (Bot.) One of the parts which by
their repetition make up a flowering plant, each being a single
joint of a stem with its leaf or leaves; a phytomer.
Phy*ton"o*my (?), n.
[Phyto- + Gr. / law: cf. F.
phytonomie.] The science of the origin and
growth of plants.
Phy`to*pa*thol"o*gist (?), n.
One skilled in diseases of plants.
Phy`to*pa*thol"o*gy (?), n.
[Phyto- + pathology.] The
science of diseases to which plants are liable.
\'d8Phy*toph"a*ga (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / a plant + / to eat.]
(Zo\'94l.) A division of Hymenoptera; the
sawflies.
Phy`to*phag"ic (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Phytophagous.
Phy*toph"a*gous (?), a.
[Phyto- + Gr. / to eat.]
(Zo\'94l.) Feeding on plants; herbivorous;
as, a phytophagous animal.
Phy*toph"a*gy (?), n. The
eating of plants.
Phy`to*phys`i*ol"o*gy (?), n.
[Phyto- + physiology.]
Vegetable physiology.
Phy*tot"o*mist (?), n. One
versed in phytotomy.
Phy*tot"o*my (?), n.
[Phyto- + Gr. / to cut.] The
dissection of plants; vegetable anatomy.
\'d8Phy`to*zo*a"ri*a (?), n. pl.
[NL. See Phytozo\'94n.] (Zo\'94l.)
Same as Infusoria.
\'d8Phy`to*zo"\'94n (?), n.;
pl. Phytozoa (#). [NL., fr.
Gr. / + / an animal.] (Zo\'94l.) A
plantlike animal. The term is sometimes applied to
zo\'94phytes.
Phyz (?), n. See
Phiz.
Pi (?), n. [See Pica,
Pie magpie, service-book.] (Print.)
A mass of type confusedly mixed or unsorted.
[Written also pie.]
<-- math. the ratio of the circumference to the diameter of a
circle -->
Pi, v. t. [imp. & p. p.
Pied (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Pieing (?).] (Print.)
To put into a mixed and disordered condition, as type; to
mix and disarrange the type of; as, to pi a
form. [Written also pie.]
Pi*a\'87"a*ba (?), n. See
Piassava.
Pi"a*cle (?), n. [L.
piaculum a propitiatory sacrifice, that which requires
expiation, a wicked action, fr. piare to appease, to
expiate, pius pious.] A heinous offense
which requires expiation. [R.]
Howell.
Pi*ac"u*lar (?), a. [L.
piacularis: cf. F. piaculaire.]
1. Expiatory; atoning.
Sir G. C. Lewis.
2. Requiring expiation; criminal; atrociously
bad. \'bdPiacular pollution.\'b8
De Quincey.
Pi*ac`u*lar"i*ty (?), n. The
quality or state of being piacular; criminality;
wickedness.
De Quincey.
Pi*ac"u*lous (?), a. Same as
Piacular.
Pi"al (?), a. (Anat.)
Pertaining to the pia mater.
\'d8Pi"a ma"ter (?). [NL., fr. L.
pia (fem. of pius tender, kind) +
mater mother.] (Anat.) The
delicate and highly vascular membrane immediately investing the
brain and spinal cord.
\'d8Pian (?), n. [Pg.
pian, epian, or. Sp. pian; from
the native name in South America: cf. F. pian.]
(Med.) The yaws. See Yaws.
Pi"a*net` (?), n. [Cf.
Pie magpie.] (Zo\'94l.) (a)
The magpie. [Written also pianate,
and pyenate.] (b) The lesser
woodpecker. [Obs.]
Bailey.
Pi*a*nette" (?), n. [Dim. of
piano.] (Mus.) A small piano; a
pianino.
\'d8Pi`a*ni"no (?), n. [It.,
dim. of piano, adj. See Piano.]
(Mus.) A pianette, or small piano.
\'d8Pi`a*nis"si*mo (?), a.[It.,
superl. of piano.] (Mus.) Very
soft; -- a direction to execute a passage as softly as possible.
(Abbrev. pp.)
Pi*an"ist (?), n. [Cf. F.
pianiste, It. pianista.] A
performer, esp. a skilled performer, on the piano.
\'d8Pi*a"no (?), a. & adv.
[It., even, smooth, soft, fr. L. planus even,
level.] (Mus.) Soft; -- a direction to the
performer to execute a certain passage softly, and with
diminished volume of tone. (Abbrev. p.)
{ Pi*an"o (?), Pi*an"o*for`te
(?), } n. [It. piano
soft (fr. L. planus even, smooth; see Plain,
a.) + It. forte strong, fr. L.
fortis (see Fort).] (Mus.)
A well-known musical instrument somewhat resembling the
harpsichord, and consisting of a sreies of wires of graduated
length, thickness, and tension, struck by hammers moved by
keys.
Dumb piano. See Digitorium. --
Grand piano. See under Grand. --
Square piano, one with a horizontal frame and an
oblong case. -- Upright piano, one with an
upright frame and vertical wires.
Pi*an"o*graph (?), n.
[Piano + -graph.]
(Mus.) A form of melodiograph applied to a
piano.
Pi"a*pec (?), n. [Cf.
Pie a magpie.] (Zo\'94l.) A West
African pie (Ptilostomus Senegalensis).
Pi"a*rist (?), n. [L.
pius pious.] (R. C. Ch.) One of
a religious order who are the regular clerks of the Scuole
Pie (religious schools), an institute of secondary
education, founded at Rome in the last years of the 16th
century.
Addis & Arnold.
Pi*as"sa*va (?), n. [Pg.
piasaba.] A fibrous product of two
Brazilian palm trees (Attalea funifera and
Leopoldinia Piassaba), -- used in making brooms, and
for other purposes. Called also pia\'87aba and
piasaba.
Pi*as"ter (?), n. [F.
piastre, It. piastra a thin plate of metal,
a dollar, LL. piastra, fr. L. emplastrum.
See Plaster.] A silver coin of Spain and
various other countries. See Peso. The Spanish piaster
(commonly called peso, or peso duro) is of
about the value of the American dollar. The Italian piaster, or
scudo, was worth from 80 to 100 cents. The Turkish and Egyptian
piasters are now worth about four and a half cents.
Pi*as"tre (?), n. See
Piaster.
Pi*a"tion (?), n. [L.
piatio. See Piacle.] The act of
making atonement; expiation. [Obs.]
\'d8Pi*at"ti (?), n. pl. [It.,
prop., plates.] (Mus.) Cymbals.
[Written also pyatti.]
Pi*az"za (?), n.; pl.
Piazzas (#). [It., place, square,
market place, L. platea street, courtyard. See
Place.] An open square in a European town,
especially an Italian town; hence (Arch.), an arcaded
and roofed gallery; a portico. In the United States the word is
popularly applied to a veranda.
We walk by the obelisk, and meditate in
piazzas.
Jer. Taylor.
Pib"corn` (?), n. [W.
pib pipe + corn horn.]
(Mus.) A wind instrument or pipe, with a horn at
each end, -- used in Wales.
Pi"broch (?), n. [Gael.
piobaireachd pipe music, fr. piobair a
piper, fr. pioba pipe, bagpipe, from English. See
Pipe, n.] A Highland air, suited
to the particular passion which the musician would either excite
or assuage; generally applied to those airs that are played on
the bagpipe before the Highlanders when they go out to
battle.
Jamieson.
Pic (?), n. [Cf. F.
pic.] A Turkish cloth measure, varying from
18 to 28 inches.
Pi"ca (?), n. [L.
pica a pie, magpie; in sense 3 prob. named from some
resemblance to the colors of the magpie. Cf. Pie
magpie.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) The genus
that includes the magpies.
2. (Med.) A vitiated appetite that
craves what is unfit for food, as chalk, ashes, coal, etc.;
chthonophagia.
3. (R. C. Ch.) A service-book. See
Pie. [Obs.]
4. (Print.) A size of type next larger
than small pica, and smaller than English.
This line is printed in
pica
Pica is twice the size of nonpareil, and
is used as a standard of measurement in casting leads, cutting
rules, etc., and also as a standard by which to designate several
larger kinds of type, as double pica, two-line
pica, four-line pica, and the like.
Small pica (Print.), a size of type
next larger than long primer, and smaller than pica.
This line is printed in small
pica
\'d8Pic`a*dor" (?), n.
[Sp.] A horseman armed with a lance, who in a
bullfight receives the first attack of the bull, and excites him
by picking him without attempting to kill him.
Pic"a*mar` (?), n. [L.
pix, picis, pitch + amarus
bitter.] (Chem.) An oily liquid hydrocarbon
extracted from the creosote of beechwood tar. It consists
essentially of certain derivatives of pyrogallol.
Pic"a*pare (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The finfoot.
Pic"ard (?), n. (Eccl.
Hist.) One of a sect of Adamites in the fifteenth
century; -- so called from one Picard of Flanders. See
Adamite.
Pic`a*resque" (?), a. [F., fr.
Sp. picaro rogue.] Applied to that class of
literature in which the principal personage is the Spanish
picaro, meaning a rascal, a knave, a rogue, an
adventurer.
\'d8Pi*ca"ri*\'91 (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. L. picus a woodpecker.]
(Zo\'94l.) An extensive division of birds which
includes the woodpeckers, toucans, trogons, hornbills,
kingfishers, motmots, rollers, and goatsuckers. By some writers
it is made to include also the cuckoos, swifts, and humming
birds.
Pi*ca"ri*an (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to Picari\'91.
-- n. One of the Picari\'91.
Pic`a*roon" (?), n. [Sp.
picaron, aug. of picaro roguish, n., a
rogue.] One who plunders; especially, a plunderer of
wrecks; a pirate; a corsair; a marauder; a sharper.
Sir W. Temple.
Pic`a*yune" (?), n. [From the
language of the Caribs.] A small coin of the value of
six and a quarter cents. See Fippenny bit.
[Local, U.S.]
<-- adj. picayunish; small-minded -->
Pic`a*yun"ish (?), a. Petty;
paltry; mean; as, a picayunish business.
[Colloq. U.S.]
{ Pic"ca*dil (?), Pic`ca*dil"ly
(?), } n. [OF.
piccagilles the several divisions of pieces fastened
together about the brim of the collar of a doublet, a dim. fr.
Sp. picado, p.p. of picar to prick. See
Pike.] A high, stiff collar for the neck;
also, a hem or band about the skirt of a garment, -- worn by men
in the 17th century.
Pic"cage (?), n. [LL.
piccadium, fr. F. piquer to prick.]
(O. Eng. Law) Money paid at fairs for leave to
break ground for booths.
Ainsworth.
Pic"ca*lil`li (?), n. A pickle
of various vegetables with pungent species, -- originally made in
the East Indies.
\'d8Pic"co*lo (?), n. [It.,
small.] 1. (Mus.) A small, shrill
flute, the pitch of which is an octave higher than the ordinary
flute; an octave flute.
2. (Mus.) A small upright piano.
3. (Mus.) An organ stop, with a high,
piercing tone.
Pice (?), n. [Hind.
pais\'be] A small copper coin of the East
Indies, worth less than a cent.
Malcom.
\'d8Pic"e*a (?), n. [L., the
pitch pine, from pix, picis, pitch.]
(Bot.) A genus of coniferous trees of the northen
hemisphere, including the Norway spruce and the American black
and white spruces. These trees have pendent cones, which do not
readily fall to pieces, in this and other respects differing from
the firs.
Pi"cene (?), n. [See
Piceous.] (Chem.) A hydrocarbon
(C/H/) extracted from the pitchy residue of coal tar and
petroleum as a bluish fluorescent crystalline substance.
Pic"e*ous (?), a. [L.
piceus, fr. pix, picis,
pitch.] Of or pertaining to pitch; resembling pitch in
color or quality; pitchy.
Pi"chey (?), n. [Native
name.] (Zo\'94l.) A Brazilian armadillo
(Dasypus minutus); the little armadillo.
[Written also pichiy.]
\'d8Pi`chi*ci*a"go (?), n.
[Native name.] (Zo\'94l.) A small,
burrowing, South American edentate (Chlamyphorus
truncatus), allied to the armadillos. The shell is attached
only along the back. [Written also
pichyciego.]
Pich"u*rim bean` (?). (Bot.)
The seed of a Brazilian lauraceous tree (Nectandra
Puchury) of a taste and smell between those of nutmeg and
of sassafras, -- sometimes used medicinally. Called also
sassafras nut.
\'d8Pi"ci (?), n. pl. [NL., fr.
L. picus a woodpecker.] (Zo\'94l.)
A division of birds including the woodpeckers and
wrynecks.
Pi"ci*form (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to Piciformes.
\'d8Pic`i*for"mes (?), n. pl.
[NL. See Picus, and -Form.]
(Zo\'94l.) A group of birds including the
woodpeckers, toucans, barbets, colies, kingfishes, hornbills, and
some other related groups.
Pi"cine (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the woodpeckers
(Pici), or to the Piciformes.
Pick (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Picked (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Picking.]
[OE. picken, pikken, to prick, peck;
akin to Icel. pikka, Sw. picka, Dan.
pikke, D. pikken, G. picken, F.
piquer, W. pigo. Cf. Peck,
v., Pike, Pitch to throw.]
1. To throw; to pitch. [Obs.]
As high as I could pick my lance.
Shak.
2. To peck at, as a bird with its beak; to strike
at with anything pointed; to act upon with a pointed instrument;
to pierce; to prick, as with a pin.
3. To separate or open by means of a sharp point or
points; as, to pick matted wool, cotton, oakum,
etc.
4. To open (a lock) as by a wire.
5. To pull apart or away, especially with the
fingers; to pluck; to gather, as fruit from a tree, flowers from
the stalk, feathers from a fowl, etc.
6. To remove something from with a pointed
instrument, with the fingers, or with the teeth; as, to
pick the teeth; to pick a bone; to
pick a goose; to pick a pocket.
Did you pick Master Slender's purse?
Shak.
He picks clean teeth, and, busy as he seems
With an old tavern quill, is hungry yet.
Cowper.
7. To choose; to select; to separate as choice or
desirable; to cull; as, to pick one's company; to
pick one's way; -- often with out.
\'bdOne man picked out of ten thousand.\'b8
Shak.
8. To take up; esp., to gather from here and there;
to collect; to bring together; as, to pick
rags; -- often with up; as, to pick
up a ball or stones; to pick up information.
9. To trim. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
To pick at, to tease or vex by pertinacious
annoyance. -- To pick a bone with. See under
Bone. -- To pick a thank, to curry
favor. [Obs.] Robynson (More's
Utopia). -- To pick off. (a) To
pluck; to remove by picking. (b) To shoot or
bring down, one by one; as, sharpshooters pick off
the enemy. -- To pick out. (a)
To mark out; to variegate; as, to pick out any
dark stuff with lines or spots of bright colors.
(b) To select from a number or quantity. --
To pick to pieces, to pull apart piece by piece;
hence [Colloq.], to analyze; esp., to criticize in
detail. -- To pick a quarrel, to give
occasion of quarrel intentionally. -- To pick up.
(a) To take up, as with the fingers.
(b) To get by repeated efforts; to gather here and
there; as, to pick up a livelihood; to pick
up news.<-- (c) to acquire (an infectious
disease); as, to pick up a cold on the airplane. (d) To
meet (a person) and induce to accompany one; as, to pick up a
date at the mall. [See several other defs in MW10] -->
<-- p. 1083 -->
Pick (?), v. i. 1. To
eat slowly, sparingly, or by morsels; to nibble.<-- = to
pick at -->
Why stand'st thou picking? Is thy palate sore?
Dryden.
2. To do anything nicely or carefully, or by
attending to small things; to select something with care.
3. To steal; to pilfer. \'bdTo keep my hands
from picking and stealing.\'b8
Book of Com. Prayer.
To pick up, to improve by degrees; as, he is
picking up in health or business. [Colloq.
U.S.]<-- or, to increase gradually, as the car picked
up speed rolling downhill -->
Pick, n. [F. pic a pickax, a
pick. See Pick, and cf. Pike.]
1. A sharp-pointed tool for picking; -- often used
in composition; as, a toothpick; a
picklock.
2. (Mining & Mech.) A heavy iron tool,
curved and sometimes pointed at both ends, wielded by means of a
wooden handle inserted in the middle, -- used by quarrymen,
roadmakers, etc.; also, a pointed hammer used for dressing
millstones.<-- used for digging -->
3. A pike or spike; the sharp point fixed in the
center of a buckler. [Obs.] \'bdTake down my
buckler . . . and grind the pick on 't.\'b8
Beau. & Fl.
4. Choice; right of selection; as, to have
one's pick.
France and Russia have the pick of our stables.
Ld. Lytton.
5. That which would be picked or chosen first; the
best; as, the pick of the flock.
6. (Print.) A particle of ink or paper
imbedded in the hollow of a letter, filling up its face, and
occasioning a spot on a printed sheet.
MacKellar.
7. (Painting) That which is picked in,
as with a pointed pencil, to correct an unevenness in a
picture.
8. (Weawing) The blow which drives the
shuttle, -- the rate of speed of a loom being reckoned as so many
picks per minute; hence, in describing the fineness of
a fabric, a weft thread; as, so many picks to an
inch.
Pick dressing (Arch.), in cut
stonework, a facing made by a pointed tool, leaving the surface
in little pits or depressions. -- Pick hammer,
a pick with one end sharp and the other blunt, used by
miners.
Pick"a*back` (?), adv. On the
back or shoulders; as, to ride pickback.
[Written also pickapack, pickback,
and pickpack.]<-- = piggyback -->
A woman stooping to take a child pickaback.
R,Jefferies.
Pick"a*nin`ny (?), n.; pl.
Pickaninnies (#). [Cf. Sp.
peque\'a4o little, young.] A small child;
especially, a negro or mulatto infant. [U.S. & West
Indies]
Pick"a*pack` (?), adv.
Pickaback.
{ Pick"ax`, Pick"axe` }
(?), n. [A corruption of OE.
pikois, pikeis, F. picois, fr.
pic. See Pick, n.] A
pick with a point at one end, a transverse edge or blade at the
other, and a handle inserted at the middle; a hammer with a
flattened end for driving wedges and a pointed end for piercing
as it strikes.
Shak.
Pick"back` (?), adv. On the
back.
Pick"ed (?), a. 1.
Pointed; sharp. \'bdPicked and
polished.\'b8
Chapman.
Let the stake be made picked at the top.
Mortimer.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Having a pike or spine on
the back; -- said of certain fishes.
3. Carefully selected; chosen; as,
picked men.
4. Fine; spruce; smart; precise; dianty.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Picked dogfish. (Zo\'94l.) See
under Dogfish. -- Picked out,
ornamented or relieved with lines, or the like, of a
different, usually a lighter, color; as, a carriage body dark
green, picked out with red.
Pick"ed*ness (?), n. 1.
The state of being sharpened; pointedness.
2. Fineness; spruceness; smartness.
[Obs.]
Too much pickedness is not manly.
B. Jonson.
Pick*eer" (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Pickeered
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Pickeering.] [F. picorer to
go marauding, orig., to go to steal cattle, ultimately fr. L.
pecus, pecoris, cattle; cf. F.
picor\'82e, Sp. pecorea robbery committed
by straggling soldiers.] To make a raid for booty; to
maraud; also, to skirmish in advance of an army. See
Picaroon. [Obs.]
Bp. Burnet.
Pick*eer"er (?), n. One who
pickeers. [Obs.]
Pick"er (?), n. [From
Pick.] 1. One who, or that which,
picks, in any sense, -- as, one who uses a pick; one who gathers;
a thief; a pick; a pickax; as, a cotton
picker. \'bdPickers and
stealers.\'b8
Shak.
2. (Mach.) A machine for picking fibrous
materials to pieces so as to loosen and separate the fiber.
3. (Weaving) The piece in a loom which
strikes the end of the shuttle, and impels it through the
warp.
4. (Ordnance) A priming wire for
cleaning the vent.
Pick"er*el (?), n. [Dim. of
Pike.] [Written also
pickerell.] 1. A young or small
pike. [Obs.]
Bet [better] is, quoth he, a pike than a
pickerel.
Chaucer.
2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Any one of
several species of freshwater fishes of the genus
Esox, esp. the smaller species. (b)
The glasseye, or wall-eyed pike. See
Wall-eye.
Esox
reticulatus) and the brook pickerel (E.
Americanus) are the most common American species. They are
used for food, and are noted for their voracity. About the Great
Lakes the pike is called pickerel.
Pickerel weed (Bot.), a
blue-flowered aquatic plant (Pontederia cordata)
having large arrow-shaped leaves. So called because common in
slow-moving waters where pickerel are often found.
Pick"er*ing (?), n. [Probably a
corruption of Pickerel.] (Zo\'94l.)
The sauger of the St.Lawrence River.
Pick"er*y (?), n. [From
Pick to steal; or perhaps from Pickeer.]
Petty theft. [Scot.]
Holinshed.
Pick"et (?), n. [F.
piquet, properly dim. of pique spear, pike.
See Pike, and cf. Piquet.] 1.
A stake sharpened or pointed, especially one used in
fortification and encampments, to mark bounds and angles; or one
used for tethering horses.
2. A pointed pale, used in marking fences.
3. [Probably so called from the
picketing of the horses.] (Mil.)
A detached body of troops serving to guard an army from
surprise, and to oppose reconnoitering parties of the enemy; --
called also outlying picket.
4. By extension, men appointed by a trades union,
or other labor organization, to intercept outsiders, and prevent
them from working for employers with whom the organization is at
variance. [Cant]<-- any individual standing at
the entrance to a building (typically a business establishement),
usually for the purpose of inhibiting or preventing others from
entering that establishment, but sometimes only for demonstration
or protest, and usually bearing a sign informing others of the
nature of the grievance causing the picketing. -->
5. A military punishment, formerly resorted to, in
which the offender was forced to stand with one foot on a pointed
stake.
6. A game at cards. See Piquet.
Inlying picket (Mil.), a detachment
of troops held in camp or quarters, detailed to march if called
upon. -- Picket fence, a fence made of
pickets. See def. 2, above. -- Picket guard
(Mil.), a guard of horse and foot, always in
readiness in case of alarm. -- Picket line.
(Mil.) (a) A position held and guarded by
small bodies of men placed at intervals. (b) A
rope to which horses are secured when groomed. --
Picketpin, an iron pin for picketing
horses.
Pick"et, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Picketed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Picketing.] 1. To fortify with
pointed stakes.
2. To inclose or fence with pickets or pales.
3. To tether to, or as to, a picket; as, to
picket a horse.
4. To guard, as a camp or road, by an outlying
picket.
5. To torture by compelling to stand with one foot
on a pointed stake. [Obs.]
Pick`e*tee" (?), n.
(Bot.) See Picotee.
Pick"-fault` (?), n. One who
seeks out faults.
Pick"ing, n. 1. The act of
digging or breaking up, as with a pick.
2. The act of choosing, plucking, or
gathering.
3. That which is, or may be, picked or
gleaned.
4. Pilfering; also, that which is pilfered.
5. pl. The pulverized shells of
oysters used in making walks. [Eng.]
Simmonds.
6. (Mining) Rough sorting of ore.
7. Overburned bricks.
Simmonds.
Pick"ing, a. 1. Done or made as
with a pointed tool; as, a picking sound.
2. Nice; careful. [Obs.]
was too warm on picking work to dwell.
Dryden.
Picking peg. (Weaving) See
Picker, n., 3.
Pic"kle (?), n. [Obs.]
See Picle.
Pic"kle, n. [Cf. D. pekel.
Probably a dim. fr. Pick, v. t., alluding to
the cleaning of the fish.] 1. (a) A
solution of salt and water, in which fish, meat, etc., may be
preserved or corned; brine. (b) Vinegar,
plain or spiced, used for preserving vegetables, fish, eggs,
oysters, etc.
2. Any article of food which has been preserved in
brine or in vinegar.<-- esp., a cucumber thus preserved -->
3. (Founding) A bath of dilute sulphuric
or nitric acid, etc., to remove burnt sand, scale rust, etc.,
from the surface of castings, or other articles of metal, or to
brighten them or improve their color.
4. A troublesome child; as, a little
pickle. [Colloq.]
To be in a pickle, to be in disagreeable
position; to be in a condition of embarrassment, difficulty, or
disorder. \'bdHow cam'st thou in this pickle?\'b8
Shak. -- To put a rod in pickle, to
prepare a particular reproof, punishment, or penalty for future
application.
Pic"kle, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Pickled (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Pickling (?).] 1.
To preserve or season in pickle; to treat with some kind of
pickle; as, to pickle herrings or
cucumbers.
2. To give an antique appearance to; -- said of
copies or imitations of paintings by the old masters.
Pic"kled (?), a. Preserved in a
pickle.
Pic"kle-her"ring (?), n. 1.
A herring preserved in brine; a pickled herring.
[Obs.]
Shak.
2. A merry-andrew; a buffoon.
[Obs.]
Addison.
Pic"kler (?), n. One who makes
pickles.
Pick"lock` (?), n. 1.
An instrument for picking locks.
Shak.
2. One who picks locks; a thief. \'bdA
picklock of secrets.\'b8
Jer. Taylor.
Pick"mire` (?), n. [So called
from its picking its food from the
mire.] (Zo\'94l.) The pewit, or
black-headed gull. [Prov. Eng.]
Pick"nick (?), n. See
Picnic.
Pick"pack` (?), adv.
Pickaback.
Pick"pen`ny (?), n.; pl.
Pickpennies (/). A miser; also,
a sharper.
Dr. H. More.
Pick"pock`et (?), n. One who
steals purses or other articles from pockets.
Bentley.
Pick"purse` (?), n. One who
steals purses, or money from purses.
Latimer. Shak.
Pick"sy (?), n. See
Pixy.
Pick"thank` (?), n. One who
strives to put another under obligation; an officious person;
hence, a flatterer. Used also adjectively.
Smiling pickthanks, and base newsmongers.
Shak.
Pick"tooth` (?), n. A
toothpick. [Obs.]
Swift.
Pi"cke (?), n. [Prob. fr.
pightel or pingle.] A small
piece of land inclosed with a hedge; a close.
[Obs.] [Written also
pickle.]
Pic"nic (?), n. [Cf. F.
piquenique. See Pick, v., and cf.
Knickknack.] Formerly, an entertainment at
which each person contributed some dish to a common table; now,
an excursion or pleasure party in which the members partake of a
collation or repast (usually in the open air, and from food
carried by themselves).
Pic"nic (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Picnicked
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Picnicking
(?).] To go on a picnic, or pleasure
excursion; to eat in public fashion.
Pic"nick*er (?), n. One who
takes part in a picnic.
Pi"coid (?), a.
[Picus + -oid.]
(Zo\'94l.) Like or pertaining to the Pici.
Pic"o*line (?), n. [L.
pix, picis, pitch + oleum oil +
-ine.] (Chem.) Any one of three
isometric bases (C6H7N) related to pyridine, and
obtained from bone oil, acrolein ammonia, and coal-tar naphtha,
as colorless mobile liquids of strong odor; -- called also
methyl pyridine.
{ Pic`o*tee" (?), Pic`o*tine"
(?), } n. [F. picot\'82
dotted, picked.] (Bot.) A variety of
carnation having petals of a light color variously dotted and
spotted at the edges.
Pic"quet (?), n. See
Piquet.
Pi"cra (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. /
sharp, bitter.] (Med.) The powder of aloes
with canella, formerly officinal, employed as a cathartic.
Pi"crate (?), n. (Chem.)
A salt of picric acid.
Pi"cric (?), a. [Gr. /
bitter.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or
designating, a strong organic acid (called picric
acid), intensely bitter.
Picric acid is obtained by treating
phenol with strong nitric acid, as a brilliant yellow crystalline
substance, C6H2(NO2)3.OH. It is used in dyeing
silk and wool, and also in the manufacture of explosives, as it
is very unstable when heated. Called also
trinitrophenol, and formerly
carbazotic acid.
Pic"rite (?), n. [From Gr. /
bitter.] (Min.) A dark green igneous rock,
consisting largely of chrysolite, with hornblende, augite,
biotite, etc.
Pic"ro*lite (?), n. [Gr. /
bitter + -lite.: cf. F. picrolithe.]
(Min.) A fibrous variety of serpentine.
Pic"ro*mel (?), n. [Gr. /
bitter + / honey: cf. F. picromel.] (Old
Chem.) A colorless viscous substance having a
bitter-sweet taste.
Pic`ro*tox"in (?), n. [Gr. /
bitter + toxic + -in.]
(Chem.) A bitter white crystalline substance
found in the cocculus indicus. It is a peculiar poisonous
neurotic and intoxicant, and consists of a mixture of several
neutral substances.
Pi"cryl (?), n.
[Picric + -yl.]
(Chem.) The hypothetical radical of picric acid,
analogous to phenyl.
Pict"ish (?), a. Of or
pertaining to Picts; resembling the Picts. \'bdThe
Pictish peer.\'b8
Byron.
Pic"to*graph (?), n. [See
Picture, and -graph.] A picture or
hieroglyph representing and expressing an idea. --
Pic`to*graph"ic (#),
a.
Pic*to"ri*al (?), a. [L.
pictorius, fr. pictor a painter, fr.
pingere to paint. See Paint.] Of
or pertaining to pictures; illustrated by pictures; forming
pictures; representing with the clearness of a picture; as, a
pictorial dictionary; a pictorial
imagination. \'bdPictorial rhetoric.\'b8
Ruskin. -- Pic*to"ri*al*ly,
adv.
{ Pic*tor"ic (?), Pic*tor"ic*al
(?), } a. Pictorial.
[Obs.]
Picts (?), n. pl.; sing.
Pict (/). [L.
Picti; cf. AS. Peohtas.]
(Ethnol.) A race of people of uncertain origin,
who inhabited Scotland in early times.
\'d8Pic*tu"ra (?), n. [L., a
painting.] (Zo\'94l.) Pattern of
coloration.
Pic"tur*a*ble (?), a. Capable
of being pictured, or represented by a picture.
Pic"tur*al (?), a.
Pictorial. [R.]
Sir W. Scott.
Pic"tur*al, n. A picture.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
Pic"ture (?), n. [L.
pictura, fr. pingere, pictum, to
paint: cf. F. peinture. See Paint.]
1. The art of painting; representation by
painting. [Obs.]
Any well-expressed image . . . either in picture or
sculpture.
Sir H. Wotton.
2. A representation of anything (as a person, a
landscape, a building) upon canvas, paper, or other surface,
produced by means of painting, drawing, engraving, photography,
etc.; a representation in colors. By extension, a figure; a
model.
Pictures and shapes are but secondary objects.
Bacon.
The young king's picture . . . in virgin wax.
Howell.
3. An image or resemblance; a representation,
either to the eye or to the mind; that which, by its likeness,
brings vividly to mind some other thing; as, a child is the
picture of his father; the man is the picture
of grief.
My eyes make pictures when they are shut.
Coleridge.
Picture is often used adjectively, or in
forming self-explaining compounds; as, picture book or
picture-book, picture frame or
picture-frame, picture seller or
picture-seller, etc.
Picture gallery, a gallery, or large
apartment, devoted to the exhibition of pictures. --
Picture red, a rod of metal tube fixed to the
walls of a room, from which pictures are hung. --
Picture writing. (a) The art of recording
events, or of expressing messages, by means of pictures
representing the actions or circumstances in question.
Tylor. (b) The record or message so
represented; as, the picture writing of the American
Indians.
Syn. -- Picture, Painting.
Every kind of representation by drawing or painting is a
picture, whether made with oil colors, water colors,
pencil, crayons, or India ink; strictly, a painting is
a picture made by means of colored paints, usually applied moist
with a brush.
Pic"ture, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Pictured (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Picturing.] To draw or paint a
resemblance of; to delineate; to represent; to form or present an
ideal likeness of; to bring before the mind. \'bdI . . . do
picture it in my mind.\'b8
Spenser.
I have not seen him so pictured.
Shak.
Pic"tured (?), a. Furnished
with pictures; represented by a picture or pictures; as, a
pictured scene.
<-- p. 1084 -->
Pic"tur*er (?), n. One who
makes pictures; a painter. [R.]
Fuller.
Pic`tur*esque" (?), a. [It.
pittoresco: cf. F. pittoresque. See
Pictorial.] Forming, or fitted to form, a
good or pleasing picture; representing with the clearness or
ideal beauty appropriate to a picture; expressing that peculiar
kind of beauty which is agreeable in a picture, natural or
artificial; graphic; vivid; as, a picturesque scene
or attitude; picturesque language.
What is picturesque as placed in relation to the
beautiful and the sublime? It is . . . the characteristic pushed
into a sensible excess.
De Quincey.
-- Pic`tur*esque"ly, adv. --
Pic`tur*esque"ness, n.
Pic`tur*esqu"ish, a. Somewhat
picturesque. [R.]
Pic"tur*ize (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Picturized
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Picturizing.] [R.] 1.
To picture.
2. To adorn with pictures.
Pic"ul (?), n. [Jav. & Malay
pikul, fr. pikul to carry on the back, to
carry a burden; n., a man's burden.] A commercial
weight varying in different countries and for different
commodities. In Borneo it is 135tan. [Written also
pecul, and pecal.]
Pic"u*let (?), n. [Dim. of
Picus.] (Zo\'94l.) Any species of
very small woodpeckers of the genus Picumnus and
allied genera. Their tail feathers are not stiff and sharp at the
tips, as in ordinary woodpeckers.
\'d8Pi"cus (?), n.; pl.
Pici (#). [L., a
woodpecker.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of
woodpeckers, including some of the common American and European
species.<-- now picoides? -->
Pid"dle (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Piddled
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Piddling
(?).] [Cf. dial. Sw. pittla
to keep picking at, Sw. peta to pick.]
1. To deal in trifles; to concern one's self with
trivial matters rather than with those that are important.
Ascham.
2. To be squeamishly nice about one's food.
Swift.
3. To urinate; -- child's word.
Pid"dler (?), n. One who
piddles.
Pid"dling (?), a.Trifling;
trivial; frivolous; paltry; -- applied to persons and
things.
The ignoble hucksterage of piddling tithes.
Milton.
Pid"dock (?), n. [Etymol.
uncertain.] (Zo\'94l.) Any species of
Pholas; a pholad. See Pholas.
Pie (?), n. [OE.
pie, pye; cf. Ir. & Gael. pighe
pie, also Gael. pige an earthen jar or pot. Cf.
Piggin.] 1. An article of food
consisting of paste baked with something in it or under it;
as, chicken pie; venison pie; mince
pie; apple pie; pumpkin
pie.
2. See Camp, n., 5.
[Prov. Eng.]
Halliwell.
Pie crust, the paste of a pie.
<-- easy as pie = very easy -->
Pie, n. [F. pie, L.
pica; cf. picus woodpecker,
pingere to paint; the bird being perhaps named from
its colors. Cf. Pi, Paint,
Speight.] 1. (Zo\'94l.)
(a) A magpie. (b) Any other
species of the genus Pica, and of several allied
genera. [Written also pye.]
2. (R. C. Ch.) The service book.
3. (Pritn.) Type confusedly mixed. See
Pi.
By cock and pie, an adjuration equivalent to
\'bdby God and the service book.\'b8 Shak. --
Tree pie (Zo\'94l.), any Asiatic bird
of the genus Dendrocitta, allied to the magpie.
-- Wood pie. (Zo\'94l.) See
French pie, under French.
Pie, v. t. See Pi.
Pie"bald` (?), a.
[Pie the party-colored bird +
bald.] 1. Having spots and patches
of black and white, or other colors; mottled; pied. \'bdA
piebald steed of Thracian strain.\'b8
Dryden.
2. Fig.: Mixed. \'bdPiebald
languages.\'b8
Hudibras.
Piece (?), n. [OE.
pece, F. pi\'8ace, LL. pecia,
petia, petium, probably of Celtic origin;
cf. W. peth a thing, a part, portion, a little, Armor.
pez, Gael. & Ir. cuid part, share. Cf.
Petty.] 1. A fragment or part of
anything separated from the whole, in any manner, as by cutting,
splitting, breaking, or tearing; a part; a portion; as, a
piece of sugar; to break in pieces.
Bring it out piece by piece.
Ezek. xxiv. 6.
2. A definite portion or quantity, as of goods or
work; as, a piece of broadcloth; a piece of
wall paper.
3. Any one thing conceived of as apart from other
things of the same kind; an individual article; a distinct single
effort of a series; a definite performance; especially:
(a) A literary or artistic composition; as, a
piece of poetry, music, or statuary.
(b) A musket, gun, or cannon; as, a battery of
six pieces; a following piece.
(c) A coin; as, a sixpenny piece;
-- formerly applied specifically to an English gold coin worth 22
shillings. (d) A fact; an item; as, a
piece of news; a piece of
knowledge.
4. An individual; -- applied to a person as being
of a certain nature or quality; often, but not always, used
slightingly or in contempt. \'bdIf I had not been a
piece of a logician before I came to him.\'b8
Sir P. Sidney.
Thy mother was a piece of virtue.
Shak.
His own spirit is as unsettled a piece as there is
in all the world.
Coleridge.
<-- a piece of cake, a task easily accomplished.
a piece of work, a disparaging term for a person
considered to have an excess of some undesirable quality; esp.
difficult or eccentric person. Piece of ass vulgar
term for a woman, considered as a partner in sexual intercourse
-->
5. (Chess) One of the superior men,
distinguished from a pawn.
6. A castle; a fortified building.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
Of a piece, of the same sort, as if taken from
the same whole; like; -- sometimes followed by with.
Dryden. -- Piece of eight, the
Spanish piaster, formerly divided into eight reals. --
To give a piece of one's mind to, to speak
plainly, bluntly, or severely to (another).
Tackeray. -- Piece broker, one who
buys shreds and remnants of cloth to sell again. --
Piece goods, goods usually sold by pieces or fixed
portions, as shirtings, calicoes, sheetings, and the
like.
Piece, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Pieced (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Piecing (?).] 1. To
make, enlarge, or repair, by the addition of a piece or pieces;
to patch; as, to piece a garment; -- often with
out.
Shak.
2. To unite; to join; to combine.
Fuller.
His adversaries . . . pieced themselves together in
a joint opposition against him.
Fuller.
Piece (?), v. i. To unite by a
coalescence of parts; to fit together; to join. \'bdIt
pieced better.\'b8
Bacon.
Piece"less, a. Not made of pieces;
whole; entire.
Piece"ly, adv. In pieces;
piecemeal. [Obs.]
Piece"meal` (?), adv. [OE.
pecemele; pece a piece + AS.
m/lum, dat. pl. of m/l part. See
Meal a portion.] 1. In pieces; in
parts or fragments. \'bdOn which it piecemeal
brake.\'b8
Chapman.
The beasts will tear thee piecemeal.
Tennyson.
2. Piece by piece; by little and little in
succession.
Piecemeal they win, this acre first, than that.
Pope.
Piece"meal`, a. Made up of parts or
pieces; single; separate. \'bdThese piecemeal
guilts.\'b8
Gov. of Tongue.
Piece"meal`, n. A fragment; a
scrap.
R. Vaughan.
Piece"mealed` (?), a. Divided
into pieces.
Piece"ner (?), n. 1.
One who supplies rolls of wool to the slubbing machine in
woolen mills.
2. Same as Piecer, 2.
Pie"cer (?), n. 1. One
who pieces; a patcher.
2. A child employed in spinning mill to tie
together broken threads.
Piece"work` (?), n. Work done
by the piece or job; work paid for at a rate based on the amount
of work done, rather than on the time employed.
The reaping was piecework, at so much per acre.
R. Jefferies.
Pied (?), imp. & p. p. of
Pi, or Pie, v.
Pied (?), a. [From Pie
the party-colored bird.] Variegated with spots of
different colors; party-colored; spotted; piebald.
\'bdPied coats.\'b8 Burton. \'bdMeadows trim
with daisies pied.\'b8 Milton.
Pied antelope (Zo\'94l.), the
bontebok. -- Pied-billed grebe
(Zo\'94l.), the dabchick. -- Pied
blackbird (Zo\'94l.), any Asiatic thrush of
the genus Turdulus. -- Pied finch
(Zo\'94l.) (a) The chaffinch.
(b) The snow bunting. [Prov. Eng.]
-- Pied flycatcher (Zo\'94l.), a common
European flycatcher (Ficedula atricapilla). The male
is black and white.
Pied"mont (?), a. [F.
pied foot + mont mountain.]
(Geol.) Noting the region of foothills near the
base of a mountain chain.
Pied"mont*ite (?), n.
(Min.) A manganesian kind of epidote, from
Piedmont. See Epidote.
Pied"ness (?), n. The state of
being pied.
Shak.
\'d8Pi\'82`douche" (?), n. [F.,
fr. It. peduccio console, corbel.] A
pedestal of small size, used to support small objects, as busts,
vases, and the like.
Pied"stall (?), n. See
Pedestal. [Obs.]
Pie"man (?), n.; pl.
Piemen (/). A man who makes or
sells pies.
Piend (?), n. [Cf. Dan.
pind a peg.] See Peen.
\'d8Pi*e"no (?), a. [It., fr.
L. plenus full.] (Mus.) Full;
having all the instruments.
Pie"plant` (?), n. (Bot.)
A plant (Rheum Rhaponticum) the leafstalks of
which are acid, and are used in making pies; the garden
rhubarb.
{ Pie"pou`dre, Pie"pow`der }
(?), n. [Lit., dustyfoot, i.e.,
dusty-footed dealers, fr. F. pied foot +
poudreux dusty.] (O. Eng. Law)
An ancient court of record in England, formerly incident to
every fair and market, of which the steward of him who owned or
had the toll was the judge.
Blackstone.
Pier (?), n. [OE.
pere, OF. piere a stone, F.
pierre, fr. L. petra, Gr. /. Cf.
Petrify.] 1. (Arch.)
(a) Any detached mass of masonry, whether insulated
or supporting one side of an arch or lintel, as of a bridge; the
piece of wall between two openings. (b) Any
additional or auxiliary mass of masonry used to stiffen a wall.
See Buttress.
2. A projecting wharf or landing place.
Abutment pier, the pier of a bridge next the
shore; a pier which by its strength and stability resists the
thrust of an arch. -- Pier glass, a mirror,
of high and narrow shape, to be put up between windows. --
Pier table, a table made to stand between
windows.
Pier"age (?), n. Same as
Wharfage.
Smart.
Pierce (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Pierced
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Piercing
(?).] [OE. percen, F.
percer, OF. percier, perchier,
parchier; perh. fr. (assumed) LL.
pertusiare for pertusare, fr. L.
pertundere, pertusum, to beat, push, bore
through; per through + tundere to beat: cf.
OF. pertuisier to pierce, F. pertuis a
hole. Cf. Contuse, Parch,
Pertuse.] 1. To thrust into,
penetrate, or transfix, with a pointed instrument. \'bdI
pierce . . . her tender side.\'b8
Dryden.
2. To penetrate; to enter; to force a way into or
through; to pass into or through; as, to pierce the
enemy's line; a shot pierced the ship.
3. Fig.: To penetrate; to affect deeply; as, to
pierce a mystery. \'bdPierced with
grief.\'b8
Pope.
Can no prayers pierce thee?
Shak.
Pierce, v. i. To enter; to penetrate; to
make a way into or through something, as a pointed instrument
does; -- used literally and figuratively.
And pierced to the skin, but bit no more.
Spenser.
She would not pierce further into his meaning.
Sir P. Sidney.
Pierce"a*ble (?), a. That may
be pierced.
Pierced (?), a. Penetrated;
entered; perforated.
Pier"cel (?), n. [Cf. F.
perce.] A kind of gimlet for making vents
in casks; -- called also piercer.
Pier"cer (?), n. 1.
One who, or that which, pierces or perforates;
specifically: (a) An instrument used in forming
eyelets; a stiletto. (b) A piercel.
2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The
ovipositor, or sting, of an insect. (b) An
insect provided with an ovipositor.
Pier"cing (?), a. Forcibly
entering, or adapted to enter, at or by a point; perforating;
penetrating; keen; -- used also figuratively; as, a
piercing instrument, or thrust.
\'bdPiercing eloquence.\'b8
Shak.
-- Pier"cing*ly, adv. --
Pier"cing*ness, n.
Pi*e"ri*an (?), a. [L.
Pierius, from Mount Pierus, in Thessaly,
sacred to the Muses.] Of or pertaining to Pierides or
Muses.
Drink deep, or taste not the Pierian spring.
Pope.
Pi"er*id (?), n. [See
Peirides.] (Zo\'94l.) Any
butterfly of the genus Pieris and related genera. See
Cabbage butterfly, under Cabbage.
\'d8Pi*er"i*des (?), n. pl.
[L., fr. Gr. /. See Pierian.] (Class.
Myth.) The Muses.
Pi"et (?), n. [Dim. of
Pie a magpie: cf. F. piette a smew.]
(Zo\'94l.) (a) The dipper, or watter
ouzel. [Scot.] (b) The
magpie. [Prov.Eng.]
Jay piet (Zo\'94l.), the European
jay. [Prov.Eng.] -- Sea piet
(Zo\'94l.), the oyster catcher.
[Prov.Eng.]
\'d8Pi*e*t\'85" (?), n.
[It.] (Fine Arts) A representation of
the dead Christ, attended by the Virgin Mary or by holy women and
angels.
Mollett.
Pi"e*tism (?), n. [Cf. G.
pietismus, F. pi\'82tisme.]
1. The principle or practice of the Pietists.
2. Strict devotion; also, affectation of
devotion.
The Sch\'94ne Seele, that ideal of gentle
pietism, in \'bdWilhelm Meister.\'b8
W. Pater.
Pi"e*tist (?), n. [Cf. G.
pietist, F. pi\'82tiste. See
Piety.] (Eccl. Hist.) One of a
class of religious reformers in Germany in the 17th century who
sought to revive declining piety in the Protestant churches; --
often applied as a term of reproach to those who make a display
of religious feeling. Also used adjectively.
{ Pi`e*tis"tic (?),
Pi`e*tis"tic*al (?), } a.
Of or pertaining to the Pietists; hence, in contempt,
affectedly or demonstratively religious.
Addison.
\'d8Pi*e"tra du"ra (?). [It., hard
stone.] (Fine Arts) Hard and fine stones in
general, such as are used for inlay and the like, as
distinguished from the softer stones used in building; thus, a
Florentine mosaic is a familiar instance of work in pietra
dura, though the ground may be soft marble.
Pi"e*ty (?), n. [F.
pi\'82t\'82; cf. It. piet\'85; both fr. L.
pietas piety, fr. pius pious. See
Pious, and cf. Pity.] 1.
Veneration or reverence of the Supreme Being, and love of
his character; loving obedience to the will of God, and earnest
devotion to his service.
Piety is the only proper and adequate relief of
decaying man.
Rambler.
2. Duty; dutifulness; filial reverence and
devotion; affectionate reverence and service shown toward
parents, relatives, benefactors, country, etc.
Conferred upon me for the piety
Which to my country I was judged to have shown.
Milton.
Syn. -- Religion; sanctity; devotion; godliness; holiness.
See Religion.
Pie"wipe` (?), n. [So called
from its note.] (Zo\'94l.) The lapwing, or
pewit. [Prov. Eng.]
<-- piezo-
piezo-electric -->
Pi`e*zom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. /
to press + -meter: cf. F.
pi\'82zom\'8atre.] 1.
(Physics) An instrument for measuring the
compressibility of liquids.
2. (Physics) A gauge connected with a
water main to show the pressure at that point.
{ \'d8Pif"fe*ro (?),
\'d8Pif"fa*ra (?), } n.
[It. piffero.] (Mus.) A
fife; also, a rude kind of oboe or a bagpipe with an inflated
skin for reservoir.
Pig (?), n. A piggin.
[Written also pigg.]
Pig, n. [Cf. D. big,
bigge, LG. bigge, also Dan. pige
girl, Sw. piga, Icel. p\'c6ka.]
1. The young of swine, male or female; also, any
swine; a hog. \'bdTwo pigges in a poke.\'b8
Chaucer.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Any wild species of the
genus Sus and related genera.
3. [Cf. Sow a channel for melted
iron.] An oblong mass of cast iron, lead, or other
metal. See Mine pig, under Mine.
4. One who is hoggish; a greedy person.
[Low]
Masked pig. (Zo\'94l.) See under
Masked. -- Pig bed
(Founding), the bed of sand in which the iron from
a smelting furnace is cast into pigs. -- Pig
iron, cast iron in pigs, or oblong blocks or bars, as
it comes from the smelting furnace. See Pig, 4. --
Pig yoke (Naut.), a nickname for a
quadrant or sextant. -- A pig in a poke (that is,
bag), a blind bargain; something bought or
bargained for, without the quality or the value being known.
[Colloq.]
Pig, v. t. & i. [imp. & p.
p. Pigged (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Pigging (?).] 1. To
bring forth (pigs); to bring forth in the manner of pigs; to
farrow.
2. To huddle or lie together like pigs, in one
bed.
Pi"geon (?), n. [F., fr. L.
pipio a young pipping or chirping bird, fr.
pipire to peep, chirp. Cf. Peep to
chirp.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) Any bird of
the order Columb\'91, of which numerous species occur in nearly
all parts of the world.
Columba livia). It has
given rise to numerous very remarkable varieties, such as the
carrier, fantail, nun, pouter, tumbler, etc. The common wild
pigeons of the Eastern United States are the passenger pigeon,
and the Carolina dove. See under Passenger, and
Dove. See, also, Fruit pigeon, Ground
pigeon, Queen pigeon, Stock
pigeon, under Fruit, Ground, etc.
2. An unsuspected victim of sharpers; a gull.
[Slang]
Blue pigeon (Zo\'94l.), an
Australian passerine bird (Graucalus melanops); --
called also black-faced crow. --
Green pigeon (Zo\'94l.), any one of
numerous species of Old World pigeons belonging to the family
Treronid\'91. -- Imperial pigeon
(Zo\'94l.), any one of the large Asiatic fruit
pigeons of the genus Carpophada. -- Pigeon
berry (Bot.), the purplish black fruit of
the pokeweed; also, the plant itself. See Pokeweed.
-- Pigeon English [perhaps a corruption of
business English], an extraordinary and
grotesque dialect, employed in the commercial cities of China, as
the medium of communication between foreign merchants and the
Chinese. Its base is English, with a mixture of Portuguese and
Hindoostanee. Johnson's Cyc.<-- pidgin English???
--> -- Pigeon grass (Bot.), a kind of
foxtail grass (Setaria glauca), of some value as
fodder. The seeds are eagerly eaten by pigeons and other
birds. -- Pigeon hawk. (Zo\'94l.)
(a) A small American falcon (Falco
columbarius). The adult male is dark slate-blue above,
streaked with black on the back; beneath, whitish or buff,
streaked with brown. The tail is banded. (b)
The American sharp-shinned hawk (Accipiter velox, ). -- Pigeon hole. (a) A
hole for pigeons to enter a pigeon house. (b)
See Pigeonhole. (c) pl.
An old English game, in which balls were rolled through
little arches. Halliwell. -- Pigeon
house, a dovecote. -- Pigeon pea
(Bot.), the seed of Cajanus Indicus; a
kind of pulse used for food in the East and West Indies; also,
the plant itself. -- Pigeon plum
(Bot.), the edible drupes of two West African
species of Chrysobalanus (C. ellipticus and
C. luteus). -- Pigeon tremex.
(Zo\'94l.) See under Tremex. --
Pigeon wood (Bot.), a name in the West
Indies for the wood of several very different kinds of trees,
species of Dipholis, Diospyros, and
Coccoloba. -- Pigeon woodpecker
(Zo\'94l.), the flicker. -- Prairie
pigeon. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The upland
plover. (b) The golden plover.
[Local, U.S.]
<-- p. 1085 -->
Pi"geon (?), v. t. To pluck; to
fleece; to swindle by tricks in gambling.
[Slang]
Smart.
He's pigeoned and undone.
Observer.
Pi"geon-breast`ed (?), a.
Having a breast like a pigeon, -- the sternum being so
prominent as to constitute a deformity; chicken-breasted.
Pi"geon*foot` (?), n.
(Bot.) The dove's-foot geranium (Geranium
molle).
Pi"geon-heart`ed (?), a. Timid;
easily frightened; chicken-hearted.
Beau. & Fl.
Pi"geon*hole` (?), n. A small
compartment in a desk or case for the keeping of letters,
documents, etc.; -- so called from the resemblance of a row of
them to the compartments in a dovecote.
Burke.
Pi"geon*hole`, v. t. To place in the
pigeonhole of a case or cabinet; hence, to put away; to lay aside
indefinitely; as, to pigeonhole a letter or a
report.
Pi"geon-liv`ered (?), a.
Pigeon-hearted.
Pi"geon*ry (?), n. A place for
pigeons; a dovecote.
Pi"geon*toed` (?), a. Having
the toes turned in.
Pig"-eyed` (?), a. Having
small, deep-set eyes.
Pig"fish` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) Any one of several
species of salt-water grunts; -- called also
hogfish. (b) A sculpin.
The name is also applied locally to several other fishes.
Pig"foot` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A marine fish (Scorp\'91na
porcus), native of Europe. It is reddish brown, mottled
with dark brown and black.
Pigg (?), n. A piggin. See 1st
Pig.
Sir W. Scott.
Pig"ger*y (?), n.; pl.
Piggeries (/). A place where
swine are kept.
Pig"gin (?), n. [Scot.; cf.
Gael. pigean, dim. of pigeadh,
pige, an earthen jar, pitcher, or pot, Ir.
pigin, pighead, W.
piccyn.] A small wooden pail or tub with an
upright stave for a handle, -- often used as a dipper.
Pig"gish (?), a. Relating to,
or like, a pig; greedy.
Pig"-head`ed (?), a. Having a
head like a pig; hence, figuratively: stupidity obstinate;
perverse; stubborn. B. Jonson. --
Pig"-head`ed*ness, n.
Pight (?), imp. & p. p. of
Pitch, to throw; -- used also adjectively.
Pitched; fixed; determined. [Obs.]
[His horse] pight him on the pommel of his
head.
Chaucer.
I found him pight to do it.
Shak.
Pigh"tel (?), n. [Cf.
Pight, Picle.] A small
inclosure. [Written also
pightle.] [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
Pig"-jawed` (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Having the upper jaw projecting beyond
the lower, with the upper incisors in advance of the lower; --
said of dogs.
Pig*me"an (?), a. See
Pygmean.
Pig"ment (?), n. [L.
pigmentum, fr. the root of pingere to
paint: cf. F. pigment. See Paint, and cf.
Pimento, Orpiment.] 1. Any
material from which a dye, a paint, or the like, may be prepared;
particularly, the refined and purified coloring matter ready for
mixing with an appropriate vehicle.
2. (Physiol.) Any one of the colored
substances found in animal and vegetable tissues and fluids, as
bilirubin, urobilin, chlorophyll, etc.
3. Wine flavored with species and honey.
Sir W. Scott.
Pigment cell (Physiol.), a small
cell containing coloring matter, as the pigmented epithelial
cells of the choroid and iris, or the pigmented connective tissue
cells in the skin of fishes, reptiles, etc.
{ Pig*men"tal (?), Pig"men*ta*ry
(?), } a. Of or pertaining to
pigments; furnished with pigments.
Dunglison.
Pigmentary degeneration (Med.), a
morbid condition in which an undue amount of pigment is deposited
in the tissues.
Pig`men*ta"tion (?), n.
(Physiol.) A deposition, esp. an excessive
deposition, of coloring matter; as, pigmentation of
the liver.
Pig"ment*ed (?), a. Colored;
specifically (Biol.), filled or imbued with pigment;
as, pigmented epithelial cells; pigmented
granules.
Pig*men"tous (?), a.
Pigmental.
Pig"my (?), n. See
Pygmy.
Pigmy falcon. (Zo\'94l.) Same as
Falconet, 2 (a).
Pig"ner*ate (?), v. t. [L.
pigneratus, p.p. of pignerate to
pledge.] 1. To pledge or pawn.
[Obs.]
2. to receive in pawn, as a pawnbroker does.
[Obs.]
Pig`no*ra"tion (?), n. [LL.
pignoratio, L. pigneratio, fr.
pignerate to pledge, fr. pignus, gen.
-ous and -eris, a pledge, a pawn: cf. F.
pignoration.] 1. The act of
pledging or pawning.
2. (Civil Law) The taking of cattle
doing damage, by way of pledge, till satisfaction is made.
Burrill.
Pig"no*ra*tive (?), a. [Cf. F.
pignoratif.] Pledging, pawning.
[R.]
\'d8Pig"nus (?), n.; pl.
Pignora (#). [L.] (Rom.
Law) A pledge or pawn.
Pig"nut (?), n. (Bot.)
(a) See Groundnut
(d). (b) The bitter-flavored nut of
a species of hickory (Carya glabra, );
also, the tree itself.
Pig"pen` (?), n. A pen, or sty,
for pigs.
Pig"skin` (?), n. The skin of a
pig, -- used chiefly for making saddles; hence, a colloquial or
slang term for a saddle.
Pigs"ney (?), n. [Perh. a dim.
of Dan. pige a girl, or Sw. piga; or from
E. pig's eye.] A word of endearment for a
girl or woman. [Obs.] [Written also
pigsnie, pigsny, etc.]
Chaucer.
Pig"-stick`ing (?), n. Boar
hunting; -- so called by Anglo-Indians.
[Colloq.]
Tackeray.
Pig"sty` (?), n.; pl.
Pigsties (/). A pigpen.
Pig"tail` (?), n. 1.
The tail of a pig.
2. (Hair Dressing) A cue, or
queue.
J. & H. Smith.
3. A kind of twisted chewing tobacco.
The tobacco he usually cheweth, called pigtail.
Swift.
Pig"tailed` (?), a. Having a
tail like a pig's; as, the pigtailed
baboon.
Pig"weed` (?), n. (Bot.)
A name of several annual weeds. See Goosefoot, and
Lamb's-quarters.
Pig"wid`geon (?), n. [Written
also pigwidgin and pigwiggen.] A
cant word for anything petty or small. It is used by Drayton as
the name of a fairy.
Pi"ka (?), n. (Zo\'94l.)
Any one of several species of rodents of the genus
Lagomys, resembling small tailless rabbits. They
inhabit the high mountains of Asia and America. Called also
calling hare, and crying
hare. See Chief hare.
Pike (?), n. [F.
pique; perhaps of Celtic origin; cf. W. pig
a prick, a point, beak, Arm. pik pick. But cf. also L.
picus woodpecker (see Pie magpie), and E.
spike. Cf. Pick, n. & v.,
Peak, Pique.] 1.
(Mil.) A foot soldier's weapon, consisting of a
long wooden shaft or staff, with a pointed steel head. It is now
superseded by the bayonet.
2. A pointed head or spike; esp., one in the center
of a shield or target.
Beau. & Fl.
3. A hayfork. [Obs. or Prov.
Eng.]
Tusser.
4. A pick. [Prov. Eng.]
Wright. Raymond.
5. A pointed or peaked hill.
[R.]
6. A large haycock. [Prov. Eng.]
Halliwell.
7. A turnpike; a toll bar.
Dickens.
8. (Zo\'94l.) sing. & pl. A
large fresh-water fish (Esox lucius), found in Europe
and America, highly valued as a food fish; -- called also
pickerel, gedd,
luce, and jack.
Blue pike, grass pike,
green pike, wall-eyed pike, and yellow
pike, are names, not of true pike, but of the wall-eye. See
Wall-eye.
Gar pike. See under Gar. --
Pike perch (Zo\'94l.), any fresh-water
fish of the genus Stizostedion (formerly
Lucioperca). See Wall-eye, and
Sauger. -- Pike pole, a long pole
with a pike in one end, used in directing floating logs. --
Pike whale (Zo\'94l.), a finback whale
of the North Atlantic (Bal\'91noptera rostrata),
having an elongated snout; -- called also piked
whale. -- Sand pike
(Zo\'94l.), the lizard fish. -- Sea
pike (Zo\'94l.), the garfish
(a).
Piked (?), a. Furnished with a
pike; ending in a point; peaked; pointed. \'bdWith their
piked targets bearing them down.\'b8
Milton.
Pike`-de*vant" (?), n.
[Pike point (fr. F. pique) + F.
devant before.] A pointed beard.
[Obs.]
{ Pike"let (?), Pike"lin
(?), } n. A light, thin cake or
muffin. [Prov. Eng.]
Wright.
Pike"man (?), n.; pl.
Pikeman (/). 1. A
soldier armed with a pike.
Knolles.
2. A miner who works with a pick.
Beaconsfield.
3. A keeper of a turnpike gate.
T. Hughes.
Pike"staff` (?), n. 1.
The staff, or shaft, of a pike.
2. A staff with a spike in the lower end, to guard
against slipping.
Sir W. Scott.
Pike"tail` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) See Pintail, 1.
Pik"ro*lite (?), n.
(Min.) See Picrolite.
Pi"lage (?), n. See
Pelage.
Pi*las"ter (?), n. [F.
pilastre, It. pilastro, LL.
pilastrum, fr. L. pila a pillar. See
Pillar.] (Arch.) An upright
architectural member right-angled in plan, constructionally a
pier (See Pier, 1 (b)), but architecturally
corresponding to a column, having capital, shaft, and base to
agree with those of the columns of the same order. In most cases
the projection from the wall is one third of its width, or
less.
Pi*las"tered (?), a. Furnished
with pilasters.
\'d8Pi*lau" (?), n. See
Pillau.
Pilch (?), n. [AS.
pylce, pylece, LL. pellicia. See
Pelisse, and Pelt skin.] A gown or
case of skin, or one trimmed or lined with fur.
[Obs.]
Pil"chard (?), n. [Cf. It.
pilseir, W. pilcod minnows.]
(Zo\'94l.) A small European food fish
(Clupea pilchardus) resembling the herring, but
thicker and rounder. It is sometimes taken in great numbers on
the coast of England.
Fools are as like husbands as pilchards are to
herrings.
Shak.
Pilch"er (?), n. [From
Pilch.] A scabbard, as of a sword.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Pilch"er, n. (Zo\'94l.) The
pilchard.
Pil"crow (?), n. [A corruption
of Paragraph.] (Print.) a
paragraph mark, [Obs.]
Tusser.
Pile (?), n. [L.
pilus hair. Cf. Peruke.] 1.
A hair; hence, the fiber of wool, cotton, and the like;
also, the nap when thick or heavy, as of carpeting and
velvet.
Velvet soft, or plush with shaggy pile.
Cowper.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A covering of hair or
fur.
Pile, n. [L. pilum javelin.
See Pile a stake.] The head of an arrow or
spear. [Obs.]
Chapman.
Pile, n. [AS. p\'c6l arrow,
stake, L. pilum javelin; but cf. also L.
pila pillar.] 1. A large stake, or
piece of timber, pointed and driven into the earth, as at the
bottom of a river, or in a harbor where the ground is soft, for
the support of a building, a pier, or other superstructure, or to
form a cofferdam, etc.
2. [Cf. F. pile.]
(Her.) One of the ordinaries or subordinaries
having the form of a wedge, usually placed palewise, with the
broadest end uppermost.
Pile bridge, a bridge of which the roadway is
supported on piles. -- Pile cap, a beam
resting upon and connecting the heads of piles. --
Pile driver, Pile engine,
an apparatus for driving down piles, consisting usually of a
high frame, with suitable appliances for raising to a height (by
animal or steam power, the explosion of gunpowder, etc.) a heavy
mass of iron, which falls upon the pile. -- Pile
dwelling. See Lake dwelling, under
Lake. -- Pile plank (Hydraul.
Eng.), a thick plank used as a pile in sheet piling.
See Sheet piling, under Piling. --
Pneumatic pile. See under Pneumatic.
-- Screw pile, one with a screw at the lower end,
and sunk by rotation aided by pressure.
Pile, v. t. To drive piles into; to fill
with piles; to strengthen with piles.
To sheet-pile, to make sheet piling in or
around. See Sheet piling, under 2nd
Piling.
Pile, n. [F. pile, L.
pila a pillar, a pier or mole of stone. Cf.
Pillar.] 1. A mass of things heaped
together; a heap; as, a pile of stones; a
pile of wood.
2. A mass formed in layers; as, a pile
of shot.
3. A funeral pile; a pyre.
Dryden.
4. A large building, or mass of buildings.
The pile o'erlooked the town and drew the
fight.
Dryden.
5. (Iron Manuf.) Same as Fagot,
n., 2.
6. (Elec.) A vertical series of
alternate disks of two dissimilar metals, as copper and zinc,
laid up with disks of cloth or paper moistened with acid water
between them, for producing a current of electricity; -- commonly
called Volta's pile, voltaic
pile, or galvanic pile.
battery; as, for instance, to an
apparatus for generating a current of electricity by the action
of heat, usually called a thermopile.
7. [F. pile pile, an engraved die, L.
pila a pillar.] The reverse of a coin. See
Reverse.
Cross and pile. See under Cross.
-- Dry pile. See under Dry.
Pile, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Piled (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Piling.] 1. To lay or throw
into a pile or heap; to heap up; to collect into a mass; to
accumulate; to amass; -- often with up; as, to
pile up wood. \'bdHills piled on
hills.\'b8 Dryden. \'bdLife piled on
life.\'b8 Tennyson.
The labor of an age in piled stones.
Milton.
2. To cover with heaps; or in great abundance; to
fill or overfill; to load.
To pile arms muskets
(Mil.), to place three guns together so that they
may stand upright, supporting each other; to stack
arms.
{ Pi"le*ate (?), Pi"le*a`ted
(?), } a. [L. pileatus,
fr. pileus a felt cap or hat.] 1.
Having the form of a cap for the head.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Having a crest covering
the pileus, or whole top of the head.
Pileated woodpecker (Zo\'94l.), a
large American woodpecker (Ceophloeus pileatus). It is
black, with a bright red pointed crest. Called also
logcock, and
woodcock.
Piled (?), a. [From 2d
Pile.] Having a pile or point; pointed.
[Obs.] \'bdMagus threw a spear well
piled.\'b8
Chapman.
Piled, a. [From 1d Pile.]
Having a pile or nap. \'bdThree-piled
velvet.\'b8
L. Barry (1611).
Piled, a. [From 6d Pile.]
(Iron Manuf.) Formed from a pile or fagot;
as, piled iron.
Pi*le"i*form (?), a.
[Pileus + -form.] Having
the form of a pileus or cap; pileate.
Pile"ment (?), n. [From
Pile to lay into a heap.] An accumulation; a
heap. [Obs.]
Bp. Hall.
<-- p. 1086 -->
\'d8Pi*len"tum (?), n.; pl.
Pilenta (#). [L.] (Rom.
Antiq.) An easy chariot or carriage, used by Roman
ladies, and in which the vessels, etc., for sacred rites were
carried.
\'d8Pi`le*o*rhi"za (?), n.; pl.
Pilorhiz\'91 (#). [NL., fr. Gr.
/ a cap + / root.] (Bot.) A cap of
cells which covers the growing extremity of a root; a
rootcap.
Pi"le*ous (?), a. [See
Pilous.] Consisting of, or covered with,
hair; hairy; pilose.
Pil"er (?), n. One who places
things in a pile.
Piles (?), n. pl. [L.
pila a ball. Cf. Pill a medicine.]
(Med.) The small, troublesome tumors or swellings
about the anus and lower part of the rectum which are technically
called hemorrhoids. See Hemorrhoids.
[The singular pile is sometimes
used.]
Blind piles, hemorrhoids which do not
bleed.
Pi"le*us (?), n.; pl.
Pilei (#). [L., a felt cap.]
1. (Rom. Antiq.) A kind of skull cap of
felt.
2. (Bot.) The expanded upper portion of
many of the fungi. See Mushroom.
3. (Zo\'94l.) The top of the head of a
bird, from the bill to the nape.
Pile"worm` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The teredo.
Pile"-worn` (?), a. Having the
pile worn off; threadbare.
Pile"wort` (?), n. (Bot.)
A plant (Ranunculus Ficaria of Linn\'91us) whose
tuberous roots have been used in poultices as a specific for the
piles.
Forsyth.
Pil"fer (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Pilfered
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Pilfering.] [OF. pelfrer.
See Pelf.] To steal in small quantities, or
articles of small value; to practice petty theft.
Pil"fer, v. t. To take by petty theft;
to filch; to steal little by little.
And not a year but pilfers as he goes
Some youthful grace that age would gladly keep.
Cowper.
Pil"fer*er (?), n. One who
pilfers; a petty thief.
Pil"fer*ing, a. Thieving in a small
way. Shak. -- n. Petty
theft. -- Pil"fer*ing*ly,
adv.
Pil"fer*y (?), n. Petty
theft. [R.]
Sir T. North.
Pil*gar"lic (?), n. [Etymol.
uncertain.] One who has lost his hair by disease; a
sneaking fellow, or one who is hardly used.
Pil"grim (?), n. [OE.
pilgrim, pelgrim, pilegrim,
pelegrim; cf. D. pelgrim, OHG.
piligr\'c6m, G. pilger, F.
p\'8alerin, It. pellegrino; all fr. L.
peregrinus a foreigner, fr. pereger abroad;
per through + ager land, field. See
Per-, and Acre, and cf. Pelerine,
Peregrine.] 1. A wayfarer; a
wanderer; a traveler; a stranger.
Strangers and pilgrims on the earth.
Heb. xi. 13.
2. One who travels far, or in strange lands, to
visit some holy place or shrine as a devotee; as, a
pilgrim to Loretto; Canterbury pilgrims.
See Palmer.
P. Plowman.
Pil"grim, a. Of or pertaining to a
pilgrim, or pilgrims; making pilgrimages. \'bdWith
pilgrim steps.\'b8
Milton.
Pilgrim fathers, a name popularly given to the
one hundred and two English colonists who landed from the
Mayflower and made the first settlement in New England at
Plymouth in 1620. They were separatists from the Church of
England, and most of them had sojourned in Holland.
Pil"grim, v. i. To journey; to wander;
to ramble. [R.]
Grew. Carlyle.
Pil"grim*age (?), n. [OE.
pilgrimage, pelgrinage; cf. F.
p\'8alerinage.] 1. The journey of
a pilgrim; a long journey; especially, a journey to a shrine or
other sacred place. Fig., the journey of human life.
Shak.
The days of the years of my pilgrimage.
Gen. xlvii. 9.
2. A tedious and wearisome time.
In prison hast thou spent a pilgrimage.
Shak.
Syn. -- Journey; tour; excursion. See
Journey.
Pil"grim*ize (?), v. i. To
wander as a pilgrim; to go on a pilgrimage.
[Obs.]
B. Jonson.
\'d8Pi*lid"i*um (?), n.; pl.
Pildia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. /,
dim. of / a cap.] (Zo\'94l.) The
free-swimming, hat-shaped larva of certain nemertean worms. It
has no resemblance to its parent, and the young worm develops in
its interior.
\'d8Pi*lif"e*ra (?), n. pl.
[NL. See Piliferous.] (Zo\'94l.)
Same as Mammalia.
Pi*lif"er*ous (?), a. [L.
pilus hair + -ferous: cf. F.
pilif\'8are.] 1. Bearing a single
slender bristle, or hair.
2. Beset with hairs.
Pil"i*form (?), a. [L.
pilus hair + -form.]
(Bot.) Resembling hairs or down.
Pi*lig"er*ous (?), a. [L.
pilus hair + -gerous: cf. F.
pilig\'8are.] Bearing hair; covered with
hair or down; piliferous.
Pil"ing (?), n. [See
Pile a heap.] 1. The act of heaping
up.
2. (Iron Manuf.) The process of building
up, heating, and working, fagots, or piles, to form bars,
etc.
Pil"ing, n. [See Pile a
stake.] A series of piles; piles considered
collectively; as, the piling of a bridge.
Pug piling, sheet piles connected together at
the edges by dovetailed tongues and grooves. -- Sheet
piling, a series of piles made of planks or half logs
driven edge to edge, -- used to form the walls of cofferdams,
etc.
Pill (?), n. [Cf. Peel
skin, or Pillion.] The peel or skin.
[Obs.] \'bdSome be covered over with crusts, or hard
pills, as the locusts.\'b8
Holland.
Pill, v. i. To be peeled; to peel off in
flakes.
Pill, v. t. [Cf. L. pilare to
deprive of hair, and E. pill, n. (above).]
1. To deprive of hair; to make bald.
[Obs.]
2. To peel; to make by removing the skin.
[Jacob] pilled white streaks . . . in the rods.
Gen. xxx. 37.
Pill (?), v. t. & i.
[imp. & p. p. Pilled (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Pilling.]
[F. piller, L. pilare; cf. It.
pigliare to take. Cf. Peel to plunder.]
To rob; to plunder; to pillage; to peel. See Peel,
to plunder. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Pillers and robbers were come in to the field to
pill and to rob.
Sir T. Malroy.
Pill (?), n. [F.
pilute, L. pilula a pill, little ball, dim.
of L. pila a ball. Cf. Piles.]
1. A medicine in the form of a little ball, or
small round mass, to be swallowed whole.
2. Figuratively, something offensive or nauseous
which must be accepted or endured.<-- esp., as bitter pill
-->
Udall.
Pill beetle (Zo\'94l.), any small
beetle of the genus Byrrhus, having a rounded body,
with the head concealed beneath the thorax. -- Pill
bug (Zo\'94l.), any terrestrial isopod of
the genus Armadillo, having the habit of rolling
itself into a ball when disturbed. Called also pill wood
louse.<-- poison pill Fig., anything
accompanying a desirable object or action, which makes it
deleterious to him who accepts it; esp. (Finance) a provision in
the regulations or financial structure (as indebtedness) of a
company which makes the company undesirable as a target for a
hostile takeover -->
Pil"lage (?), n. [F., fr.
piller to plunder. See Pill to
plunder.] 1. The act of pillaging;
robbery.
Shak.
2. That which is taken from another or others by
open force, particularly and chiefly from enemies in war;
plunder; spoil; booty.
Which pillage they with merry march bring home.
Shak.
Syn. -- Plunder; rapine; spoil; depredation.
-- Pillage, Plunder. Pillage refers
particularly to the act of stripping the sufferers of their
goods, while plunder refers to the removal of the
things thus taken; but the words are freely interchanged.
Pil"lage, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Pillaged (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Pillaging (?).] To
strip of money or goods by open violence; to plunder; to spoil;
to lay waste; as, to pillage the camp of an
enemy.
Mummius . . . took, pillaged, and burnt their
city.
Arbuthnot.
Pil"lage, v. i. To take spoil; to
plunder; to ravage.
They were suffered to pillage wherever they
went.
Macaulay.
Pil"la*ger (?), n. One who
pillages.
Pope.
Pil"lar (?), n. [OE.
pilerF. pilier, LL. pilare,
pilarium, pilarius, fr. L. pila
a pillar. See Pile a heap.] 1. The
general and popular term for a firm, upright, insulated support
for a superstructure; a pier, column, or post; also, a column or
shaft not supporting a superstructure, as one erected for a
monument or an ornament.
Jacob set a pillar upon her grave.
Gen. xxxv. 20.
The place . . . vast and proud,
Supported by a hundred pillars stood.
Dryden.
2. Figuratively, that which resembles such a pillar
in appearance, character, or office; a supporter or mainstay;
as, the Pillars of Hercules; a pillar of
the state. \'bdYou are a well-deserving
pillar.\'b8
Shak.
By day a cloud, by night a pillar of fire.
Milton.
3. (R. C. Ch.) A portable ornamental
column, formerly carried before a cardinal, as emblematic of his
support to the church. [Obs.]
Skelton.
4. (Man.) The center of the volta, ring,
or manege ground, around which a horse turns.
From pillar to post, hither and thither; to
and fro; from one place or predicament to another; backward and
forward. [Colloq.] -- Pillar saint.
See Stylite. -- Pillars of the
fauces. See Fauces, 1.
Pil"lar, a. (Mach.) Having a
support in the form of a pillar, instead of legs; as, a
pillar drill.
Pil"lar-block` (?), n. See
under Pillow.
Pil"lared (?), a. Supported or
ornamented by pillars; resembling a pillar, or pillars.
\'bdThe pillared arches.\'b8 Sir W. Scott.
\'bdPillared flame.\'b8 Thomson.
Pil"lar*et (?), n. A little
pillar. [R.]
Fuller.
Pil"lar*ist, n. (Eccl. Hist.)
See Stylite.
\'d8Pil*lau" (?), n. [Per. &
Turk. pilau.] An Oriental dish consisting
of rice boiled with mutton, fat, or butter. [Written
also pilau.]
Pilled (?), a. [See 3rd
Pill.] Stripped of hair; scant of hair;
bald. [Obs.] \'bdPilled beard.\'b8
Chaucer.
Pilled"-gar"lic (?), n. See
Pilgarlic.
Pill"er (?), n. One who pills
or plunders. [Obs.]
Pill"er*y (?), n.; pl.
Pilleries (/). Plunder;
pillage. [Obs.]
Daniel.
Pil"lion (?), n. [Ir.
pillin, pilliun (akin to Gael.
pillean, pillin), fr. Ir. & Gael.
pill, peall, a skin or hide, prob. fr. L.
pellis. See Pell, n.,
Fell skin.] A panel or cushion saddle; the
under pad or cushion of saddle; esp., a pad or cushion put on
behind a man's saddle, on which a woman may ride.
His [a soldier's] shank pillion without
stirrups.
Spenser.
Pil"lo*rize (?), v. t. To set
in, or punish with, the pillory; to pillory.
[R.]
Pil"lo*ry (?), n.; pl.
Pillories (#). [F.
pilori; cf. Pr. espitlori, LL.
piloricum, pilloricum,
pellericum, pellorium, pilorium,
spilorium; perhaps from a derivative of L.
speculari to look around, observe. Cf.
Speculate.] A frame of adjustable boards
erected on a post, and having holes through which the head and
hands of an offender were thrust so as to be exposed in front of
it.
Shak.
Pil"lo*ry, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Pilloried (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Pillorying.] [Cf. F.
pilorier.] 1. To set in, or punish
with, the pillory. \'bdHungering for Puritans to
pillory.\'b8
Macaulay.
2. Figuratively, to expose to public scorn.
Gladstone.
Pil"low (?), n. [OE.
pilwe, AS. pyle, fr. L.
pilvinus.] 1. Anything used to
support the head of a person when reposing; especially, a sack or
case filled with feathers, down, hair, or other soft
material.
[Resty sloth] finds the down pillow hard.
Shak.
2. (Mach.) A piece of metal or wood,
forming a support to equalize pressure; a brass; a pillow
block. [R.]
3. (Naut.) A block under the inner end
of a bowsprit.
4. A kind of plain, coarse fustian.
Lace pillow, a cushion used in making
hand-wrought lace. -- Pillow bier [OE.
pilwebere; cf. LG. b\'81re a
pillowcase], a pillowcase; pillow slip.
[Obs.] Chaucer. -- Pillow
block (Mach.), a block, or standard, for
supporting a journal, as of a shaft. It is usually bolted to the
frame or foundation of a machine, and is often furnished with
journal boxes, and a movable cover, or cap, for tightening the
bearings by means of bolts; -- called also pillar
block, or plumber block. --
Pillow lace, handmade lace wrought with bobbins
upon a lace pillow. -- Pillow of a plow, a
crosspiece of wood which serves to raise or lower the beam.
-- Pillow sham, an ornamental covering laid over a
pillow when not in use. -- Pillow slip, a
pillowcase.
Pil"low (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Pillowed
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Pillowing.] To rest or lay upon, or as
upon, a pillow; to support; as, to pillow the
head.
Pillows his chin upon an orient wave.
Milton.
Pil"low*case` (?), n. A
removable case or covering for a pillow, usually of white linen
or cotton cloth.
Pil"lowed (?), a. Provided with
a pillow or pillows; having the head resting on, or as on, a
pillow.
Pillowedon buckler cold and hard.
Sir W. Scott.
Pil"low*y (?), a. Like a
pillow.
Keats.
Pill"-wil`let (?), n. [So named
from its note.] (Zo\'94l.) The
willet.
Pill"worm` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) Any myriapod of the genus
Iulus and allied genera which rolls up spirally; a
galleyworm. See Illust. under Myriapod.
Pill"wort` (?), n. (Bot.)
Any plant of the genus Pilularia; minute aquatic
cryptograms, with small pill-shaped fruit; -- sometimes called
peppergrass.
Pi`lo*car"pine (?), n. [From
NL. Pilocarpus pennatifolius jaborandi; L.
pilus hair + Gr. / fruit: cf. F.
pilocarpine.] (Chem.) An
alkaloid extracted from jaborandi (Pilocarpus
pennatifolius) as a white amorphous or crystalline
substance which has a peculiar effect on the vasomotor
system.
Pi*lose" (?), a. [L.
pilosus, fr. pilus hair. See
Pile.] 1. Hairy; full of, or made
of, hair.
The heat-retaining property of the pilose
covering.
Owen.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Clothed thickly with pile
or soft down.
3. (Bot.) Covered with long, slender
hairs; resembling long hairs; hairy; as, pilose
pubescence.
Pi*los"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F.
pilosit\'82.] The quality or state of being
pilose; hairiness.
Bacon.
Pi"lot (?), n. [F.
pilote, prob. from D. peillood plummet,
sounding lead; peilen, pegelen, to sound,
measure (fr. D. & G. peil, pegel, a sort of
measure, water mark) + lood lead, akin to E.
lead. The pilot, then, is the lead man,
i.e., he who throws the lead. See Pail, and
Lead a metal.] 1. (Naut.)
One employed to steer a vessel; a helmsman; a
steersman.
Dryden.
2. Specifically, a person duly qualified, and
licensed by authority, to conduct vessels into and out of a port,
or in certain waters, for a fixed rate of fees.
3. Figuratively: A guide; a director of another
through a difficult or unknown course.
4. An instrument for detecting the compass
error.
5. The cowcatcher of a locomotive.
[U.S.]
Pilot balloon, a small balloon sent up in
advance of a large one, to show the direction and force of the
wind. -- Pilot bird. (Zo\'94l.)
(a) A bird found near the Caribbee Islands; -- so
called because its presence indicates to mariners their approach
to these islands. Crabb. (b) The
black-bellied plover. [Local, U.S.] --
Pilot boat, a strong, fast-sailing boat
used to carry and receive pilots as they board and leave
vessels. -- Pilot bread, ship biscuit.
-- Pilot cloth, a coarse, stout kind of cloth for
overcoats. -- Pilot engine, a locomotive
going in advance of a train to make sure that the way is
clear. -- Pilot fish. (Zo\'94l)
(a) A pelagic carangoid fish (Naucrates
ductor); -- so named because it is often seen in company
with a shark, swimming near a ship, on account of which sailors
imagine that it acts as a pilot to the shark. (b)
The rudder fish (Seriola zonata). --
Pilot jack, a flag or signal hoisted by a vessel
for a pilot. -- Pilot jacket, a pea
jacket. -- Pilot nut (Bridge
Building), a conical nut applied temporarily to the
threaded end of a pin, to protect the thread and guide the pin
when it is driven into a hole. Waddell. --
Pilot snake (Zo\'94l.) (a) A
large North American snake (Coluber obsoleus). It is
lustrous black, with white edges to some of the scales. Called
also mountain black snake. (b)
The pine snake. -- Pilot whale.
(Zo\'94l.) Same as Blackfish,
1.
Pi"lot, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Piloted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Piloting.] [Cf. F.
piloter.] 1. To direct the course
of, as of a ship, where navigation is dangerous.
2. Figuratively: To guide, as through dangers or
difficulties. \'bdThe art of piloting a
state.\'b8
Berkeley.
<-- to operate (an airlane) -->
Pi"lot*age (?), n. [Cf. F.
pilotage.] 1. The pilot's skill or
knowledge, as of coasts, rocks, bars, and channels.
[Obs.]
Sir W. Raleigh.
2. The compensation made or allowed to a
pilot.
3. Guidance, as by a pilot.
Sir W. Scott.
{ Pi"lot*ism (?), Pi"lot*ry
(?), } n. Pilotage; skill in the
duties of a pilot. [R.]
<-- p. 1087 -->
Pil"our (?), n. A piller; a
plunderer. [Obs.]
Pil"ous (?), a. See
Pilose.
Pil"ser (?), n. An insect that
flies into a flame.
Pil"u*lar (?), a. Of or
pertaining to pills; resembling a pill or pills; as, a
pilular mass.
Pil"u*lous (?), a. [L.
pilula a pill. See Pill.] Like a
pill; small; insignificant. [R.]
G. Eliot.
Pil"we (?), n. A pillow.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Pi"ly (?), a. (Zo\'94l.)
Like pile or wool.
Pi*mar"ic (?), a. [NL.
pinum maritima, an old name for
P. Pinaster, a pine which yields
galipot.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or
designating, an acid found in galipot, and isomeric with abietic
acid.
Pi*mel"ic (?), a. [Gr. /
fat.] (Chem.) (a) Pertaining to,
or designating, a substance obtained from certain fatty
substances, and subsequently shown to be a mixture of suberic and
adipic acids. (b) Designating the acid proper
(C5H10(CO2/H)2) which is obtained from camphoric
acid.
Pim"e*lite (?), n. [Gr. /
fat.] (Min.) An apple-green mineral having
a greasy feel. It is a hydrous silicate of nickel, magnesia,
aluminia, and iron.
Pi"ment (?), n. [F. See
Pimento.] Wine flavored with spice or honey.
See Pigment, 3. [Obs.]
Pi*men"ta (?), n. (Bot.)
Same as Pimento.
Pi*men"to (?), n. [Sp.
pimiento, pimienta; cf. Pg.
pimenta, F. piment; all fr. L.
pigmentum a paint, pigment, the juice of plants;
hence, something spicy and aromatic. See Pigment.]
(Bot.) Allspice; -- applied both to the tree and
its fruit. See Allspice.
Pim"li*co (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The friar bird.
Pimp (?), n. [Cf. F.
pimpant smart, sparkish; perh. akin to
piper to pipe, formerly also, to excel. Cf.
Pipe.] One who provides gratification for the
lust of others; a procurer; a pander.
Swift.
Pimp, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Pimped (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Pimping.] To procure women for the
gratification of others' lusts; to pander.
Dryden.
Pim"per*nel (?), n. [F.
pimprenelle; cf. Sp. pimpinela, It.
pimpinella; perh. from LL. bipinnella, for
bipinnula two-winged, equiv. to L.
bipennis; bis twice + penna
feather, wing. Cf. Pen a feather.]
(Bot.) A plant of the genus Anagallis,
of which one species (A. arvensis) has small flowers,
usually scarlet, but sometimes purple, blue, or white, which
speedily close at the approach of bad weather.
Water pimpernel. (Bot.) See
Brookweed.
\'d8Pim"pil*lo (?), n.
(Bot.) A West Indian name for the prickly pear
(Opuntia); -- called also
pimploes.
Pim"pi*nel (?), n. [See
Pimpernel.] (Bot.) The burnet
saxifrage. See under Saxifrage.
Pimp"ing (?), a. [Cf. G.
pimpelig, pimpelnd, sickly, weak.]
1. Little; petty; pitiful.
[Obs.]
Crabbe.
2. Puny; sickly. [Local, U.S.]
Pim"ple (?), n. [AS.
p\'c6pelian to blister; cf. L. papula
pimple.] 1. (Med.) Any small
acuminated elevation of the cuticle, whether going on to
suppuration or not. \'bdAll eyes can see a
pimple on her nose.\'b8
Pope.
2. Fig.: A swelling or protuberance like a
pimple. \'bdA pimple that portends a future
sprout.\'b8
Cowper.
Pim"pled (?), a. Having
pimples.
Johnson.
Pim"ply (?), a. Pimpled.
Pimp"ship (?), n. The office,
occupation, or persom of a pimp. [R.]
Pin (?), v. t. (Metal
Working) To peen.
Pin (?), v. t. [Cf.
Pen to confine, or Pinfold.] To
inclose; to confine; to pen; to pound.
Pin, n. [OE. pinne, AS.
pinn a pin, peg; cf. D. pin, G.
pinne, Icel. pinni, W. pin,
Gael. & Ir. pinne; all fr. L. pinna a
pinnacle, pin, feather, perhaps orig. a different word from
pinna feather. Cf. Fin of a fish,
Pen a feather.] 1. A piece of wood,
metal, etc., generally cylindrical, used for fastening separate
articles together, or as a support by which one article may be
suspended from another; a peg; a bolt.
With pins of adamant
And chains they made all fast.
Milton.
2. Especially, a small, pointed and headed piece of
brass or other wire (commonly tinned), largely used for fastening
clothes, attaching papers, etc.
3. Hence, a thing of small value; a trifle.
He . . . did not care a pin for her.
Spectator.
4. That which resembles a pin in its form or
use; as: (a) A peg in musical instruments,
for increasing or relaxing the tension of the strings.
(b) A linchpin. (c) A
rolling-pin. (d) A clothespin.
(e) (Mach.) A short shaft, sometimes
forming a bolt, a part of which serves as a journal. See
Illust. of Knuckle joint, under
Knuckle. (f) (Joinery) The
tenon of a dovetail joint.
5. One of a row of pegs in the side of an ancient
drinking cup to mark how much each man should drink.
6. The bull's eye, or center, of a target; hence,
the center. [Obs.] \'bdThe very pin
of his heart cleft.\'b8
Shak.
7. Mood; humor. [Obs.] \'bdIn
merry pin.\'b8
Cowper.
8. (Med.) Caligo. See
Caligo.
Shak.
9. An ornament, as a brooch or badge, fastened to
the clothing by a pin; as, a Masonic pin.
10. The leg; as, to knock one off his
pins. [Slang]
Banking pin (Horol.), a pin against
which a lever strikes, to limit its motion. -- Pin
drill (Mech.), a drill with a central pin or
projection to enter a hole, for enlarging the hole, or for
sinking a recess for the head of a bolt, etc.; a
counterbore. -- Pin grass. (Bot.)
See Alfilaria. -- Pin hole, a
small hole made by a pin; hence, any very small aperture or
perforation. -- Pin lock, a lock having a
cylindrical bolt; a lock in which pins, arranged by the key, are
used instead of tumblers. -- Pin money, an
allowance of money, as that made by a husband to his wife, for
private and personal expenditure. -- Pin rail
(Naut.), a rail, usually within the bulwarks, to
hold belaying pins. Sometimes applied to the fife
rail. Called also pin rack. --
Pin wheel. (a) A contrate wheel in which
the cogs are cylindrical pins. (b)
(Fireworks) A small coil which revolves on a
common pin and makes a wheel of yellow or colored fire.
<-- a toy with lightweight, usually brightly colored vanes, as of
plastic, which revolve on a pin at the end of a stick, when acted
on by a wind -->
Pin (?), v. t. [imp.
& p. p. Pinned (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Pinning.] [See Pin,
n.] To fasten with, or as with, a pin; to
join; as, to pin a garment; to pin boards
together. \'bdAa if she would pin her to
her heart.\'b8
Shak.
To pin one's faith upon, to depend upon; to
trust to.
Pi"\'a4a cloth` (?). A fine material for
ladies' shawls, scarfs, handkerchiefs, etc., made from the fiber
of the pineapple leaf, and perhaps from other fibrous tropical
leaves. It is delicate, soft, and transparent, with a slight
tinge of pale yellow.
Pin"a*coid (?), n. [Gr. /,
/, a tablet + -oid.] (Crystallog.)
A plane parallel to two of the crystalline axes.
Pi*nac"o*lin (?), n.
[Pinacone + L. oleum oil.]
(Chem.) A colorless oily liquid related to the
ketones, and obtained by the decomposition of pinacone; hence, by
extension, any one of the series of which pinacolin proper is the
type. [Written also pinacoline.]
Pin"a*cone (?), n. [From Gr.
/, /, a tablet. So called because it unites with water so as
to form tablet-shaped crystals.] (Chem.) A
white crystalline substance related to the glycols, and made from
acetone; hence, by extension, any one of a series of substances
of which pinacone proper is the type. [Written also
pinakone.]
\'d8Pin`a*co*the"ca (?), n. [L.
pinacotheca, fr. Gr. /; /, /, a picture + /
repisitory.] A picture gallery.
Pin"a*fore` (?), n.
[Pin + afore.] An apron for
a child to protect the front part of dress; a tier.
\'d8Pin"a*ko*thek` (?), n.
[G.] Pinacotheca.
Pi*nas"ter (?), n. [L., fr.
pinus a pine.] (Bot.) A species
of pine (Pinus Pinaster) growing in Southern
Europe.
\'d8Pi"nax (?), n.; pl.
Pinaces (#). [L., fr. Gr. /
tablet.] A tablet; a register; hence, a list or scheme
inscribed on a tablet. [R.]
Sir T. Browne.
\'d8Pince`-nez" (?), n. [F.
pincer to pinch + nez nose.]
Eyeglasses kept on the nose by a spring.
Pin"cers (?), n. pl. [Cf. F.
pince pinchers, fr. pincer to pinch. See
Pinch, Pinchers.] See
Pinchers.
Pinch (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Pinched
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Pinching.] [F. pincer,
probably fr. OD. pitsen to pinch; akin to G.
pfetzen to cut, pinch; perhaps of Celtic origin. Cf.
Piece.] 1. To press hard or squeeze
between the ends of the fingers, between teeth or claws, or
between the jaws of an instrument; to squeeze or compress, as
between any two hard bodies.
2. o seize; to grip; to bite; -- said of
animals. [Obs.]
He [the hound] pinched and pulled her down.
Chapman.
3. To plait. [Obs.]
Full seemly her wimple ipinched was.
Chaucer.
4. Figuratively: To cramp; to straiten; to oppress;
to starve; to distress; as, to be pinched for
money.
Want of room . . . pinching a whole nation.
Sir W. Raleigh.
5. To move, as a railroad car, by prying the wheels
with a pinch. See Pinch, n., 4.
Pinch, v. i. 1. To act with
pressing force; to compress; to squeeze; as, the shoe
pinches.\'b8
2. (Hunt.) To take hold; to grip, as a
dog does. [Obs.]
3. To spare; to be niggardly; to be covetous.
Gower.
The wretch whom avarice bids to pinch and
spare.
Franklin.
To pinch at, to find fault with; to take
exception to. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Pinch, n. 1. A close
compression, as with the ends of the fingers, or with an
instrument; a nip.
2. As much as may be taken between the finger and
thumb; any very small quantity; as, a pinch of
snuff.
3. Pian; pang. \'bdNecessary's sharp
pinch.\'b8
Shak.
4. A lever having a projection at one end, acting
as a fulcrum, -- used chiefly to roll heavy wheels, etc. Called
also pinch bar.
At a pinch, On a pinch,
in an emergency; as, he could on a pinch read a
little Latin.<-- in a pinch -->
Pinch"beck (?), n. [Said to be
from the name of the inventor; cf. It.
prencisbecco.] An alloy of copper and zinc,
resembling gold; a yellow metal, composed of about three ounces
of zinc to a pound of copper. It is much used as an imitation of
gold in the manufacture of cheap jewelry.
Pinch"beck, a. Made of pinchbeck; sham;
cheap; spurious; unreal. \'bdA pinchbeck
throne.\'b8
J. A. Symonds.
Pinch"cock` (?), n. A clamp on
a flexible pipe to regulate the flow of a fluid through the
pipe.
Pin"chem (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The European blue titmouse.
[Prov. Eng.]
Pinch"er (?), n. One who, or
that which, pinches.
Pinch"ers (?), n. pl. [From
Pinch.] An instrument having two handles and
two grasping jaws working on a pivot; -- used for griping things
to be held fast, drawing nails, etc.
pincers,
both on account of its derivation from the English
pinch, and because it represents the common
pronunciation.
Pinch"fist` (?), n. A
closefisted person; a miser.
Pinch"ing, a. Compressing; nipping;
griping; niggardly; as, pinching cold; a
pinching parsimony.
Pinching bar, a pinch bar. See Pinch,
n., 4. -- Pinching nut, a check
nut. See under Check, n.
Pinch"ing*ly, adv. In a pinching
way.
Pinch"pen`ny (?), n. A miserly
person.
Pin"coff*in (?), n. [From
Pincoff, an English manufacturer.] A
commercial preparation of garancin, yielding fine violet
tints.
Pinc"pinc` (?), n. [Named from
its note.] (Zo\'94l.) An African wren
warbler. (Drymoica textrix).
Pin"cush`ion (?), n. A small
cushion, in which pins may be stuck for use.
{ Pin"dal (?), Pin"dar
(?), } n. [D.
piendel.] (Bot.) The peanut
(Arachis hypog\'91a); -- so called in the West
Indies.
Pin*dar"ic (?), a. [L.
Pindaricus, Gr. /, fr. / (L. Pindarus)
Pindar: cf. F. pindarique.] Of or
pertaining to Pindar, the Greek lyric poet; after the style and
manner of Pindar; as, Pindaric odes. --
n. A Pindaric ode.
Pin*dar"ic*al (?), a.
Pindaric.
Too extravagant and Pindarical for prose.
Cowley.
Pin"dar*ism (?), n. Imitation
of Pindar.
Pin"dar*ist, n. One who imitates
Pindar.
Pin"der (?), n. [AS.
pyndan to pen up, fr. pund a pound.]
One who impounds; a poundkeeper. [Obs.]
Pine (?), n. [AS.
p\'c6n, L. poena penalty. See
Pain.] Woe; torment; pain.
[Obs.] \'bdPyne of hell.\'b8
Chaucer.
Pine, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Pined (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Pining.] [AS. p\'c6nan to
torment, fr. p\'c6n torment. See 1st Pine,
Pain, n. & v.] 1.
To inflict pain upon; to torment; to torture; to
afflict. [Obs.]
Chaucer. Shak.
That people that pyned him to death.
Piers Plowman.
One is pined in prison, another tortured on the
rack.
Bp. Hall.
2. To grieve or mourn for. [R.]
Milton.
Pine, v. i. 1. To suffer; to be
afflicted. [Obs.]
2. To languish; to lose flesh or wear away, under
any distress or anexiety of mind; to droop; -- often used with
away. \'bdThe roses wither and the lilies
pine.\'b8
Tickell.
3. To languish with desire; to waste away with
longing for something; -- usually followed by
for.
For whom, and not for Tybalt, Juliet pined.
Shak.
Syn. -- To languish; droop; flag; wither; decay.
Pine, n. [AS. p\'c6n, L.
pinus.] 1. (Bot.) Any
tree of the coniferous genus Pinus. See
Pinus.
white pine (P.
Strobus), the Georgia pine (P.
australis), the red pine (P.
resinosa), and the great West Coast sugar
pine (P. Lambertiana) are among the most
valuable. The Scotch pine or fir,
also called Norway or Riga
pine (Pinus sylvestris), is the only British
species. The nut pine is any pine tree, or species
of pine, which bears large edible seeds. See Pinon.
The spruces, firs, larches, and true cedars, though formerly
considered pines, are now commonly assigned to other
genera.
2. The wood of the pine tree.
3. A pineapple.
Ground pine. (Bot.) See under
Ground. -- Norfolk Island pine
(Bot.), a beautiful coniferous tree, the
Araucaria excelsa. -- Pine barren,
a tract of infertile land which is covered with pines.
[Southern U.S.] -- Pine borer
(Zo\'94l.), any beetle whose larv\'91 bore into
pine trees. -- Pine finch. (Zo\'94l.)
See Pinefinch, in the Vocabulary. -- Pine
grosbeak (Zo\'94l.), a large grosbeak
(Pinicola enucleator), which inhabits the northern
parts of both hemispheres. The adult male is more or less tinged
with red. -- Pine lizard (Zo\'94l.),
a small, very active, mottled gray lizard (Sceloporus
undulatus), native of the Middle States; -- called also
swift, brown scorpion, and
alligator. -- Pine marten.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) A European weasel
(Mustela martes), called also sweet
marten, and yellow-breasted
marten. (b) The American sable. See
Sable. -- Pine moth
(Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of small
tortricid moths of the genus Retinia, whose larv\'91
burrow in the ends of the branchlets of pine trees, often doing
great damage. -- Pine mouse
(Zo\'94l.), an American wild mouse (Arvicola
pinetorum), native of the Middle States. It lives in pine
forests. -- Pine needle (Bot.),
one of the slender needle-shaped leaves of a pine tree. See
Pinus. -- Pine-needle wool. See
Pine wool (below). -- Pine oil,
an oil resembling turpentine, obtained from fir and pine
trees, and used in making varnishes and colors. -- Pine
snake (Zo\'94l.), a large harmless North
American snake (Pituophis melanoleucus). It is
whitish, covered with brown blotches having black margins. Called
also bull snake. The Western pine snake
(P. Sayi) is chestnut-brown, mottled with black and
orange. -- Pine tree (Bot.), a
tree of the genus Pinus; pine. -- Pine-tree
money, money coined in Massachusetts in the seventeenth
century, and so called from its bearing a figure of a pine
tree. -- Pine weevil (Zo\'94l.),
any one of numerous species of weevils whose larv\'91 bore in
the wood of pine trees. Several species are known in both Europe
and America, belonging to the genera Pissodes,
Hylobius, etc. -- Pine wool, a
fiber obtained from pine needles by steaming them. It is prepared
on a large scale in some of the Southern United States, and has
many uses in the economic arts; -- called also
pine-needle wool, and pine-wood
wool.
Pi"ne*al (?), a. [L.
pinea the cone of a pine, from pineus of
the pine, from pinus a pine: cf. F.
pin\'82ale.] Of or pertaining to a pine
cone; resembling a pine cone.
Pineal gland (Anat.), a glandlike
body in the roof of the third ventricle of the vertebrate brain;
-- called also pineal body,
epiphysis, conarium. In
some animals it is connected with a rudimentary eye, the
so-called pineal eye, and in other animals it is
supposed to be the remnant of a dorsal median eye.
<-- p. 1088 -->
Pine"ap`ple (?), n.
(Bot.) A tropical plant (Ananassa
sativa); also, its fruit; -- so called from the resemblance
of the latter, in shape and external appearance, to the cone of
the pine tree. Its origin is unknown, though conjectured to be
American.
Pine`as"ter (?), n. See
Pinaster.
{ Pine"-clad` (?), Pine"-crowned`
(?), } a. Clad or crowned with
pine trees; as, pine-clad hills.
Pine"drops` (?), n.
(Bot.) A reddish herb (Pterospora
andromedea) of the United States, found parasitic on the
roots of pine trees.
Pine"finch` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) A small American bird
(Spinus, ); -- called also
pine siskin, and American
siskin. (b) The pine
grosbeak.
\'d8Pi*nen"chy*ma (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. / a tablet + -enchyma, as in
parenchyma.] (Bot.) Tabular
parenchyma, a form of cellular tissue in which the cells are
broad and flat, as in some kinds of epidermis.
Pin"er*y (?), n.; pl.
Pineries (/). 1. A pine
forest; a grove of pines.
2. A hothouse in which pineapples are grown.
Pine"sap` (?), n. (Bot.)
A reddish fleshy herb of the genus Monotropa
(M. hypopitys), formerly thought to be parasitic on
the roots of pine trees, but more probably saprophytic.
\'d8Pi*ne"tum (?), n. [L., a
pine grove.] A plantation of pine trees; esp., a
collection of living pine trees made for ornamental or scientific
purposes.
Pine"weed` (?), n. (Bot.)
A low, bushy, nearly leafless herb (Hypericum
Sarothra), common in sandy soil in the Eastern United
States.
Pin"ey (?), a. See
Piny.
Pin"ey, a. [Of East Indian
origin.] A term used in designating an East Indian
tree (the Vateria Indica or piney tree, of the order
Dipterocarpe\'91, which grows in Malabar, etc.) or its
products.
Piney dammar, Piney resin,
Piney varnish, a pellucid, fragrant, acrid,
bitter resin, which exudes from the piney tree (Vateria
Indica) when wounded. It is used as a varnish, in making
candles, and as a substitute for incense and for amber. Called
also liquid copal, and white
dammar. -- Piney tallow, a solid
fatty substance, resembling tallow, obtained from the roasted
seeds of the Vateria Indica; called also
dupada oil. -- Piney thistle
(Bot.), a plant (Atractylis gummifera),
from the bark of which, when wounded, a gummy substance
exudes.
Pin"-eyed` (?), a. (Bot.)
Having the stigma visible at the throad of a gamopetalous
corolla, while the stamens are concealed in the tube; -- said of
dimorphous flowers. The opposite of thrum-eyed.
Pin"feath`er (?), n. A feather
not fully developed; esp., a rudimentary feather just emerging
through the skin.
Pin"feath`ered (?), a. Having
part, or all, of the feathers imperfectly developed.
Pin"fish` (?), n. [So called
from their sharp dorsal spines.] (Zo\'94l.)
(a) The sailor's choice (Diplodus, ). (b) The
salt-water bream (Diplodus Holbrooki).
Pin"fold` (?), n. [For
pindfold. See Pinder, Pound an
inclosure, and Fold an inclosure.] A place in
which stray cattle or domestic animals are confined; a pound; a
penfold.
Shak.
A parish pinfold begirt by its high hedge.
Sir W. Scott.
Ping (?), n. [Probably of
imitative origin.] The sound made by a bullet in
striking a solid object or in passing through the air.
Ping, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Pinged (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Pinging.] To make the sound called
ping.
Pin"gle (?), n. [Perhaps fr.
pin to impound.] A small piece of inclosed
ground. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
Ping"ster (?), n. See
Pinkster.
Pin*guic"u*la (?), n. [NL., fr.
L. pinguiculus somewhat fat, fattish.]
(Bot.) See Butterwort.
Pin"guid (?), a. [L.
pinguis fat.] Fat; unctuous; greasy.
[Obs.] \'bdSome clays are more
pinguid.\'b8
Mortimer.
Pin*guid"i*nous (?), a. [L.
pinguedo fatness, fr. pinguis fat.]
Containing fat; fatty. [Obs.]
Pin"gui*tude (?), n. [L.
pinguitudo, from pinguis fat.]
Fatness; a growing fat; obesity. [R.]
Pin"hold` (?), n. A place where
a pin is fixed.
Pi"nic (/) a. [L.
pinus pine.] (Chem.) Of or
pertaining to the pine; obtained from the pine; formerly,
designating an acid which is the chief constituent of common
resin, -- now called abietic, or sylvic,
acid.
Pin"ing (?), a. 1.
Languishing; drooping; wasting away, as with longing.
2. Wasting; consuming. \'bdThe
pining malady of France.\'b8
Shak.
Pin"ing*ly, adv. In a pining manner;
droopingly.
Poe.
Pin"ion (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A moth of the genus
Lithophane, as L. antennata, whose larva
bores large holes in young peaches and apples.
Pin"ion, n. [OF. pignon a
pen, F., gable, pinion (in sense 5); cf. Sp. pi\'a4on
pinion; fr. L. pinna pinnacle, feather, wing. See
Pin a peg, and cf. Pen a feather,
Pennat, Pennon.] 1. A
feather; a quill.
Shak.
2. A wing, literal or figurative.
Swift on his sooty pinions flits the gnome.
Pope.
3. The joint of bird's wing most remote from the
body.
Johnson.
4. A fetter for the arm.
Ainsworth.
5. (Mech.) A cogwheel with a small
number of teeth, or leaves, adapted to engage with a larger
wheel, or rack (see Rack); esp., such a wheel having its
leaves formed of the substance of the arbor or spindle which is
its axis.
Lantern pinion. See under
Lantern. -- Pinion wire, wire fluted
longitudinally, for making the pinions of clocks and watches. It
is formed by being drawn through holes of the shape required for
the leaves or teeth of the pinions.
Pin"ion (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Pinioned
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Pinioning.] 1. To bind or
confine the wings of; to confine by binding the wings.
Bacon.
2. To disable by cutting off the pinion
joint.
Johnson.
3. To disable or restrain, as a person, by binding
the arms, esp. by binding the arms to the body.
Shak.
Her elbows pinioned close upon her hips.
Cowper.
4. Hence, generally, to confine; to bind; to tie
up. \'bdPinioned up by formal rules of
state.\'b8
Norris.
Pin"ioned (?), a. Having wings
or pinions.
Pin"ion*ist, n. (Zo\'94l.)
Any winged creature.
Pin"ite (?), n. [So called from
Pini, a mine in Saxony.] (Min.)
A compact granular cryptocrystalline mineral of a dull
grayish or greenish white color. It is a hydrous alkaline
silicate, and is derived from the alteration of other minerals,
as iolite.
Pi"nite (?), n. [L.
pinus the pine tree.] 1. (Paleon.)
Any fossil wood which exhibits traces of having belonged to the
Pine family.
2. (Chem.) A sweet white crystalline
substance extracted from the gum of a species of pine (Pinus
Lambertina). It is isomeric with, and resembles,
quercite.
Pink (?), n. [D.
pink.] (Naut.) A vessel with a
very narrow stern; -- called also pinky.
Sir W. Scott.
Pink stern (Naut.), a narrow
stern.
Pink, v. i. [D. pinken,
pinkoogen, to blink, twinkle with the eyes.]
To wink; to blink. [Obs.]
L'Estrange.
Pink, a. Half-shut; winking.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Pink, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Pinked (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Pinking.] [OE. pinken to
prick, probably a nasalized form of pick.]
1. To pierce with small holes; to cut the edge of,
as cloth or paper, in small scallops or angles.
2. To stab; to pierce as with a sword.
Addison.
3. To choose; to cull; to pick out.
[Obs.]
Herbert.
Pink, n. A stab.
Grose.
Pink, n. [Perh. akin to pick;
as if the edges of the petals were picked out. Cf. Pink,
v. t.] 1. (Bot.) A name
given to several plants of the caryophyllaceous genus
Dianthus, and to their flowers, which are sometimes
very fragrant and often double in cultivated varieties. The
species are mostly perennial herbs, with opposite linear leaves,
and handsome five-petaled flowers with a tubular calyx.
2. A color resulting from the combination of a pure
vivid red with more or less white; -- so called from the common
color of the flower.
Dryden.
3. Anything supremely excellent; the embodiment or
perfection of something. \'bdThe very pink of
courtesy.\'b8
Shak.
4. (Zo\'94l.) The European minnow; -- so
called from the color of its abdomen in summer.
[Prov. Eng.]
Bunch pink is Dianthus
barbatus. -- China, Indian, pink. See under
China. -- Clove pink is
Dianthus Caryophyllus, the stock from which carnations
are derived. -- Garden pink. See
Pheasant's eye. -- Meadow pink is
applied to Dianthus deltoides; also, to the ragged
robin. -- Maiden pink, Dianthus
deltoides. -- Moss pink. See under
Moss. -- Pink needle, the pin grass;
-- so called from the long, tapering points of the carpels. See
Alfilaria. -- Sea pink. See
Thrift.
Pink, a. Resembling the garden pink in
color; of the color called pink (see 6th
Pink, 2); as, a pink dress; pink
ribbons.
Pink eye (Med.), a popular name for
an epidemic variety of ophthalmia, associated with early and
marked redness of the eyeball. -- Pink salt
(Chem. & Dyeing), the double chlorides of
(stannic) tin and ammonium, formerly much used as a mordant for
madder and cochineal. -- Pink saucer, a small
saucer, the inner surface of which is covered with a pink
pigment.
Pinked (?), a. Pierced with
small holes; worked in eyelets; scalloped on the edge.
Shak.
Pink"-eyed` (?), a.
[Pink half-shut + eye.]
Having small eyes.
Holland.
Pink"ing, n. 1. The act of
piercing or stabbing.
2. The act or method of decorating fabrics or
garments with a pinking iron; also, the style of decoration;
scallops made with a pinking iron.
Pinking iron. (a) An instrument for
scalloping the edges of ribbons, flounces, etc. (b)
A sword. [Colloq.]
Pink"ish, a. Somewhat pink.
Pink"ness (?), n. Quality or
state of being pink.
Pink"root` (?), n. 1.
(Med.) The root of Spigelia
Marilandica, used as a powerful vermifuge; also, that of
S. Anthelmia. See definition 2 (below).
2. (Bot.) (a) A perennial North
American herb (Spigelia Marilandica), sometimes
cultivated for its showy red blossoms. Called also
Carolina pink, Maryland
pinkroot, and worm grass.
(b) An annual South American and West Indian plant
(Spigelia Anthelmia).
Pink"ster (?), n. [D.
pinkster, pinksteren, fr. Gr. /. See
Pentecost.] Whitsuntide.
[Written also pingster and
pinxter.]
Pinkster flower (Bot.), the rosy
flower of the Azalea nudiflora; also, the shrub
itself; -- called also Pinxter blomachee by
the New York descendants of the Dutch settlers.
Pink" stern` (?). [See 1st
Pink.] (Naut.) See
Chebacco, and 1st Pink.
Pink"-sterned` (?), a. [See 1st
Pink.] (Naut.) Having a very
narrow stern; -- said of a vessel.
Pink"y (?), n. (Naut.)
See 1st Pink.
\'d8Pin"na (?), n.; pl.
Pinn\'91 (#), E. Pinnas
(#). [L., a feather.] 1.
(Bot.) (a) A leaflet of a pinnate leaf.
See Illust. of Bipinnate leaf, under
Bipinnate. (b) One of the primary
divisions of a decompound leaf.
2. (Zo\'94l.) One of the divisions of a
pinnate part or organ.
3. [L. pinna, akin to Gr. /.]
(Zo\'94l.) Any species of Pinna, a
genus of large bivalve mollusks found in all warm seas. The
byssus consists of a large number of long, silky fibers, which
have been used in manufacturing woven fabrics, as a
curiosity.
4. (Anat.) The auricle of the ear. See
Ear.
Pin"nace (?), n. [F.
pinasse; cf. It. pinassa,
pinazza, Sp. pinaza; all from L.
pinus a pine tree, anything made of pine, e.g., a
ship. Cf. Pine a tree.] 1.
(Naut.) (a) A small vessel propelled by
sails or oars, formerly employed as a tender, or for coast
defence; -- called originally, spynace or
spyne. (b) A man-of-war's
boat.
Whilst our pinnace anchors in the Downs.
Shak.
2. A procuress; a pimp. [Obs.]
B. Jonson.
Pin"na*cle (?), n. [OE.
pinacle, F. pinacle, L.
pinnaculum, fr. pinna pinnacle, feather.
See Pin a peg.] 1. (Arch.)
An architectural member, upright, and generally ending in a
small spire, -- used to finish a buttress, to constitute a part
in a proportion, as where pinnacles flank a gable or spire, and
the like. Pinnacles may be considered primarily as added weight,
where it is necessary to resist the thrust of an arch, etc.
Some renowned metropolis
With glistering spires and pinnacles around.
Milton.
2. Anything resembling a pinnacle; a lofty peak; a
pointed summit.
Three silent pinnacles of aged snow.
Tennyson.
The slippery tops of human state,
The gilded pinnacles of fate.
Cowley.
Pin"na*cle, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Pinnacled (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Pinnacling (?).] To
build or furnish with a pinnacle or pinnacles.
T. Warton.
Pin"nage (?), n. [Cf.
Pinfold.] Poundage of cattle. See
Pound. [Obs.]
{ Pin"nate (?), Pin"na*ted
(?), } a. [L. pinnatus
feathered, fr. pinna a feather. See Pin a
peg, Pen feather.] 1. (Bot.)
Consisting of several leaflets, or separate portions,
arranged on each side of a common petiole, as the leaves of a
rosebush, a hickory, or an ash. See Abruptly
pinnate, and Illust., under
Abruptly.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Having a winglike tuft of
long feathers on each side of the neck.
Pinnated grouse (Zo\'94l.), the
prairie chicken.
Pin"nate*ly (?), adv. In a
pinnate manner.
Pin*nat"i*fid (?), a. [L.
pinnatus feathered + root of findere to
split: cf. F. pinnatifide.] (Bot.)
Divided in a pinnate manner, with the divisions not reaching
to the midrib.
Pin*nat`i*lo"bate (?), a. [See
Pinnate, and Lobate.] (Bot.)
Having lobes arranged in a pinnate manner.
Pin*nat"i*ped (?), a. [L.
pinnatus feathered + pes, pedis
foot: cf. F. pinnatip\'8ade.]
(Zo\'94l.) Having the toes bordered by membranes;
fin-footed, as certain birds.
Pin*nat"i*ped, n. (Zo\'94l.)
Any bird which has the toes bordered by membranes.
Pin"ner (?), n. 1. One
who, or that which, pins or fastens, as with pins.
2. (Costume) (a) A headdress
like a cap, with long lappets. (b) An apron
with a bib; a pinafore. (c) A cloth band for
a gown. [Obs.]
With kerchief starched, and pinners clean.
Gay.
3. A pin maker.
Pin"ner, n. [See Pin to
pound.] One who pins or impounds cattle. See
Pin, v. t. [Obs.]
Pin"net (?), n. A
pinnacle. [R.]
Sir W. Scott.
Pin"ni*form (?), a. [L.
pinna feather, fin + -form.]
Shaped like a fin or feather.
Sir J. Hill.
\'d8Pin`ni*gra"da (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. pinna a feather + gradi to
walk, move.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as
Pinnipedia.
Pin"ni*grade (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) An animal of the seal tribe, moving by
short feet that serve as paddles.
Pin"ni*ped (?), n. [L.
pinna feather, fin + pes, pedis,
a foot: cf. F. pinnip\'8ade.]
(Zo\'94l.) (a) One of the Pinnipedia; a
seal. (b) One of the Pinnipedes.
\'d8Pin*nip"e*des (?), n. pl.
[NL.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as
Steganopodes.
\'d8Pin`ni*pe"di*a (?), n. pl.
[NL. So called because their webbed feet are used as paddles
or fins.] (Zo\'94l.) A suborder of aquatic
carnivorous mammals including the seals and walruses; -- opposed
to Fissipedia.
<-- p. 1089 -->
Pin"nock (?), n. [Of uncertain
origin.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) The hedge
sparrow. [Prov. Eng.] (b) The
tomtit.
Pin"no*there (?), n. [Gr. / a
pinna + / an animal.] (Zo\'94l.) A crab
of the genus pinnotheres. See Oyster
crab, under Oyster.
Pin"nu*la (?), n.; pl.
Pinnul\'91 (#). [L.]
Same as Pinnule.
Pin"nu*late (?), a. [See
Pinnule.] (Bot.) Having each pinna
subdivided; -- said of a leaf, or of its pinn\'91.
Pin"nu*la`ted (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Having pinnules.
Pin"nule (?), n. [L.
pinnula, dim. of pinna feather: cf. F.
pinnule.] 1. (Bot.) One
of the small divisions of a decompound frond or leaf. See
Illust. of Bipinnate leaf, under
Bipinnate.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of a series of
small, slender organs, or parts, when arranged in rows so as to
have a plumelike appearance; as, a pinnule of a
gorgonia; the pinnules of a crinoid.
Pin"ny*win`kles (?), n. pl. An
instrument of torture, consisting of a board with holes into
which the fingers were pressed, and fastened with pegs.
[Written also pilliewinkles.]
[Scot.]
Sir W. Scott.
Pin"o*cle (?), n. See
Penuchle.
Pi*nole" (?), n. 1. An
aromatic powder used in Italy in the manufacture of
chocolate.
2. Parched maize, ground, and mixed with sugar,
etc. Mixed with water, it makes a nutritious beverage.
Pi\'a4"on (?), n. [Sp.
pi\'a4on.] (Bot.) (a)
The edible seed of several species of pine; also, the tree
producing such seeds, as Pinus Pinea of Southern
Europe, and P. Parryana, cembroides, edulis, and
monophylla, the nut pines of Western North America.
(b) See Monkey's puzzle.
[Written also pignon.]
Pin"patch` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The common English periwinkle.
[Prov. Eng.]
Pint (?), n. [OE.
pinte, F. pinte, fr. Sp. pinta
spot, mark, pint, fr. pintar to paint; a mark for a
pint prob. having been made on or in a larger measure. See
Paint.] A measure of capacity, equal to half
a quart, or four gills, -- used in liquid and dry measures. See
Quart.
Pint, n. (Zo\'94l.) The
laughing gull. [Prov. Eng.]
Pin*ta"do (?), n.; pl.
Pintados (#). [Sp., painted, fr.
pintar to paint.] (Zo\'94l.) Any
bird of the genus Numida. Several species are found in
Africa. The common pintado, or Guinea fowl, the helmeted, and the
crested pintados, are the best known. See Guinea
fowl, under Guinea.
Pin"tail` (?), n. 1.
(Zo\'94l.) A northern duck (Dafila
acuta), native of both continents. The adult male has a
long, tapering tail. Called also gray duck,
piketail, piket-tail,
spike-tail, split-tail,
springtail, sea pheasant,
and gray widgeon.
2. (Zo\'94l.) The sharp-tailed grouse of
the great plains and Rocky Mountains (Pedioc\'91tes
phasianellus); -- called also pintailed
grouse, pintailed chicken,
springtail, and
sharptail.
Pin"-tailed` (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Having a tapered tail, with the middle
feathers longest; -- said of birds.
Pin"tle (?), n. [A diminutive
of Pin.] 1. A little pin.
2. (Mech.) An upright pivot pin;
as: (a) The pivot pin of a hinge.
(b) A hook or pin on which a rudder hangs and
turns. (c) A pivot about which the chassis
swings, in some kinds of gun carriages. (d) A
kingbolt of a wagon.
Pin"tos (?), n. pl.; sing.
Pinto (/). [Sp., painted,
mottled.] (Eyhnol.) A mountain tribe of
Mexican Indians living near Acapulco. They are remarkable for
having the dark skin of the face irregularly spotted with white.
Called also speckled Indians.
Pin"ule (?), n. [Cf.
Pinnule.] (Astron.) One of the
sights of an astrolabe. [Obs.]
\'d8Pi"nus (?), n. [L., a pine
tree.] (Bot.) A large genus of evergreen
coniferous trees, mostly found in the northern hemisphere. The
genus formerly included the firs, spruces, larches, and hemlocks,
but is now limited to those trees which have the primary leaves
of the branchlets reduced to mere scales, and the secondary ones
(pine needles) acicular, and usually in fascicles of
two to seven. See Pine.
Pin"weed` (?), n. (Bot.)
Any plant of the genus Lechea, low North American
herbs with branching stems, and very small and abundant leaves
and flowers.
Pin"worm` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A small nematoid worm (Oxyurus
vermicularis), which is parasitic chiefly in the rectum of
man. It is most common in children and aged persons.
\'d8Pinx"it (?). [L., perfect indicative
3d sing. of pingere to paint.] A word
appended to the artist's name or initials on a painting, or
engraved copy of a painting; as, Rubens pinxit,
Rubens painted (this).
Pinx"ter (?), n. See
Pinkster.
Pin"y (?), a. Abounding with
pines. [Written also piney.]
\'bdThe piny wood.\'b8
Longfellow.
Pi"o*ned (?), a. A
Shakespearean word of disputed meaning; perh., \'bdabounding in
marsh marigolds.\'b8
Thy banks with pioned and twilled brims.
Shak.
Pi`o*neer" (?), n. [F.
pionier, orig., a foot soldier, OF.
peonier, fr. OF. peon a foot soldier, F.
pion. See Pawn in chess.] 1.
(Mil.) A soldier detailed or employed to form
roads, dig trenches, and make bridges, as an army advances.
2. One who goes before, as into the wilderness,
preparing the way for others to follow; as, pioneers
of civilization; pioneers of reform.
Pi`o*neer", v. t. & i. [imp.
& p. p. Pioneered (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Pioneering.] To go before, and
prepare or open a way for; to act as pioneer.
Pi`o*ner" (?), n. A
pioneer. [Obs.]
Shak.
Pi"o*ny (?), n. (Bot.)
See Peony.
Pi"ot (?), n. [See
Piet.] (Zo\'94l.) The
magpie. [Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Scot.]
Holland.
Pi"ous (?), a. [L.
pius: cf. F. pieux.] 1.
Of or pertaining to piety; exhibiting piety; reverential;
dutiful; religious; devout; godly. \'bdPious
hearts.\'b8 Milton. \'bdPious poetry.\'b8
Johnson.
Where was the martial brother's pious care?
Pope.
2. Practiced under the pretext of religion;
prompted by mistaken piety; as, pious errors;
pious frauds.
Syn. -- Godly; devout; religious; righteous.
Pi"ous*ly, adv. In a pious manner.
Pip (?), n. [OE.
pippe, D. pip, or F. p\'82pie;
from LL. pipita, fr. L. pituita slime,
phlegm, rheum, in fowls, the pip. Cf. Pituite.]
A contagious disease of fowls, characterized by hoarseness,
discharge from the nostrils and eyes, and an accumulation of
mucus in the mouth, forming a \'bdscale\'b8 on the tongue. By
some the term pip is restricted to this last symptom,
the disease being called roup by them.
Pip, n. [Formerly pippin,
pepin. Cf. Pippin.] (Bot.)
A seed, as of an apple or orange.
Pip, n. [Perh. for pick, F.
pique a spade at cards, a pike. Cf.
Pique.] One of the conventional figures or
\'bdspots\'b8 on playing cards, dominoes, etc.
Addison.
Pip, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Pipped (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Pipping.] [See Peep.]
To cry or chirp, as a chicken; to peep.
To hear the chick pip and cry in the egg.
Boyle.
Pi*pa (?), n.; pl.
Pipas (/). (Zo\'94l.)
The Surinam toad (Pipa Americana), noted for its
peculiar breeding habits.
Pip"age (?), n. Transportation,
as of petroleum oil, by means of a pipe conduit; also, the charge
for such transportation.
Pi"pal tree` (?). Same as Peepul
tree.
Pipe (?), n. [AS.
p\'c6pe, probably fr. L. pipare,
pipire, to chirp; of imitative origin. Cf.
Peep, Pibroch, Fife.]
1. A wind instrument of music, consisting of a tube
or tubes of straw, reed, wood, or metal; any tube which produces
musical sounds; as, a shepherd's pipe; the
pipe of an organ. \'bdTunable as sylvan
pipe.\'b8
Milton.
Now had he rather hear the tabor and the pipe.
Shak.
2. Any long tube or hollow body of wood, metal,
earthenware, or the like: especially, one used as a conductor of
water, steam, gas, etc.
3. A small bowl with a hollow steam, -- used in
smoking tobacco, and, sometimes, other substances.
4. A passageway for the air in speaking and
breathing; the windpipe, or one of its divisions.
5. The key or sound of the voice.
[R.]
Shak.
6. The peeping whistle, call, or note of a
bird.
The earliest pipe of half-awakened birds.
Tennyson.
7. pl. The bagpipe; as, the
pipes of Lucknow.
8. (Mining) An elongated body or vein of
ore.
9. A roll formerly used in the English exchequer,
otherwise called the Great Roll, on which were taken
down the accounts of debts to the king; -- so called because put
together like a pipe.
Mozley & W.
10. (Naut.) A boatswain's whistle, used
to call the crew to their duties; also, the sound of it.
11. [Cf. F. pipe, fr. pipe a
wind instrument, a tube, fr. L. pipare to chirp. See
Etymol. above.] A cask usually containing two
hogsheads, or 126 wine gallons; also, the quantity which it
contains.
Pipe fitter, one who fits pipes together, or
applies pipes, as to an engine or a building. -- Pipe
fitting, a piece, as a coupling, an elbow, a valve,
etc., used for connecting lengths of pipe or as accessory to a
pipe. -- Pipe office, an ancient office in
the Court of Exchequer, in which the clerk of the pipe made out
leases of crown lands, accounts of cheriffs, etc.
[Eng.] -- Pipe tree
(Bot.), the lilac and the mock orange; -- so
called because their were formerly used to make pipe stems; --
called also pipe privet. --
Pipe wrench, Pipetongs,
a jawed tool for gripping a pipe, in turning or holding
it. -- To smoke the pipe of peace, to smoke
from the same pipe in token of amity or preparatory to making a
treaty of peace, -- a custom of the American Indians.
Pipe, v. i. 1. To play on a
pipe, fife, flute, or other tubular wind instrument of
music.
We have piped unto you, and ye have not danced.
Matt. xi. 17.
2. (Naut.) To call, convey orders, etc.,
by means of signals on a pipe or whistle carried by a
boatswain.
3. To emit or have a shrill sound like that of a
pipe; to whistle. \'bdOft in the piping
shrouds.\'b8
Wordsworth.
4. (Metal.) To become hollow in the
process of solodifying; -- said of an ingot, as of steel.
Pipe (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Piped (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Piping.]
1. To perform, as a tune, by playing on a pipe,
flute, fife, etc.; to utter in the shrill tone of a pipe.
A robin . . . was piping a few querulous notes.
W. Irving.
2. (Naut.) To call or direct, as a crew,
by the boatswain's whistle.
As fine a ship's company as was ever piped
aloft.
Marryat.
3. To furnish or equip with pipes; as, to
pipe an engine, or a building.
Pipe" clay` (/) A plastic, unctuous clay
of a grayish white color, -- used in making tobacco pipes and
various kinds of earthenware, in scouring cloth, and in cleansing
soldiers' equipments.
Pipe"clay`, v. t. 1. To whiten
or clean with pipe clay, as a soldier's accouterments.
2. To clear off; as, to pipeclay
accounts. [Slang, Eng.]
Piped (?), a. Formed with a
pipe; having pipe or pipes; tubular.
Pipe"fish` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) Any lophobranch fish of the genus
Siphostoma, or Syngnathus, and allied
genera, having a long and very slender angular body, covered with
bony plates. The mouth is small, at the end of a long, tubular
snout. The male has a pouch on his belly, in which the incubation
of the eggs takes place.
Pipe"lay`er (?), n.,
or Pipe" lay`er. 1. One who
lays conducting pipes in the ground, as for water, gas,
etc.
2. (Polit. Cant) A politician who works
in secret; -- in this sense, usually written as one word.
[U.S.]
Pipe"lay`ing, n., or Pipe"
lay`ing. 1. The laying of conducting
pipes underground, as for water, gas, etc.
2. (Polit. Cant) The act or method of
making combinations for personal advantage secretly or slyly; --
in this sense, usually written as one word.
[U.S.]
Pipe"mouth` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) Any fish of the genus Fistularia; --
called also tobacco pipefish. See
Fistularia.
\'d8Pi"per (?), n. [L.]
See Pepper.
Pip"er (?), n. 1.
(Mus.) One who plays on a pipe, or the like, esp.
on a bagpipe. \'bdThe hereditary piper and his
sons.\'b8
Macaulay.
2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A common
European gurnard (Trigla lyra), having a large head,
with prominent nasal projection, and with large, sharp, opercular
spines. (b) A sea urchin (Goniocidaris
hystrix) having very long spines, native of both the
American and European coasts.
To pay the piper, to bear the cost, expense,
or trouble.
Pip`er*a"ceous (?), a. [L.
piper pepper.] (Bot.) Of or
pertaining to the order of plants (Piperace\'91) of
which the pepper (Piper nigrum) is the type. There are
about a dozen genera and a thousand species, mostly tropical
plants with pungent and aromatic qualities.
Pi*per"ic (?), a. (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or derived from, or designating, a complex
organic acid found in the products of different members of the
Pepper family, and extracted as a yellowish crystalline
substance.
Pip"er*idge (?), n.
(Bot.) Same as Pepperidge.
Pi*per"i*dine (?), n.
(Chem.) An oily liquid alkaloid,
C5H11N, having a hot, peppery, ammoniacal odor.
It is related to pyridine, and is obtained by the decomposition
of piperine.
Pip"er*ine (?), n. [L.
piper pepper: cf. F. piperin,
piperine.] (Chem.) A white
crystalline compound of piperidine and piperic acid. It is
obtained from the black pepper (Piper nigrum) and
other species.
Pip`er*o"nal (?), n.
(Chem.) A white crystalline substance obtained by
oxidation of piperic acid, and regarded as a complex
aldehyde.
Pi*per"y*lene (?), n.
[Piperidine + acetylene.]
(Chem.) A hydrocarbon obtained by decomposition
of certain piperidine derivatives.
Pipe"stem` (?), n. The hollow
stem or tube of a pipe used for smoking tobacco, etc.
Took a long reed for a pipestem.
Longfellow.
Pipe"stone` (?), n. A kind of
clay slate, carved by the Indians into tobacco pipes. Cf.
Catlinite.
Pi*pette" (?), n. [F., dim. of
pipe.] A small glass tube, often with an
enlargement or bulb in the middle, and usually graduated, -- used
for transferring or delivering measured quantities.
Pipe"vine` (?), n. (Bot.)
The Dutchman's pipe. See under Dutchman.
Pipe"wort` (?), n. (Bot.)
Any plant of a genus (Eriocaulon) of aquatic or
marsh herbs with soft grass-like leaves.
Pip"ing (?), a. [From
Pipe, v.] 1. Playing on a
musical pipe. \'bdLowing herds and piping
swains.\'b8
Swift.
2. Peaceful; favorable to, or characterized by, the
music of the pipe rather than of the drum and fife.
Shak.
3. Emitting a high, shrill sound.
4. Simmering; boiling; sizzling; hissing; -- from
the sound of boiling fluids.
Piping crow, Piping crow shrike,
Piping roller (Zo\'94l.), any
Australian bird of the genus Gymnorhina, esp. G.
tibicen, which is black and white, and the size of a small
crow. Called also caruck. -- Piping
frog (Zo\'94l.), a small American tree frog
(Hyla Pickeringii) which utters a high, shrill note in
early spring. -- Piping hot, boiling hot;
hissing hot; very hot. [Colloq.]
Milton.
Pip"ing, n. 1. A small cord
covered with cloth, -- used as trimming for women's
dresses.
2. Pipes, collectively; as, the piping
of a house.
3. The act of playing on a pipe; the shrill noted
of birds, etc.
4. A piece cut off to be set or planted; a cutting;
also, propagation by cuttings.
<-- p. 1090 -->
{ Pi*pis"trel (?), Pip`i*strelle"
(?), } n. [F.
pipistrelle, It. pipistrello.]
(Zo\'94l.) A small European bat (Vesperugo
pipistrellus); -- called also
flittermouse.
Pip"it (?), n. [So named from
its call note.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of
numerous species of small singing birds belonging to
Anthus and allied genera, of the family
Motacillid\'91. They strongly resemble the true larks
in habits, colors, and the great length of the hind claw. They
are, therefore, often called titlarks, and
pipit larks.
meadow pipit (Anthus
pratensis); the tree pipit, or tree lark
(A. trivialis); and the rock pipit, or
sea lark (A. obscurus) are well-known European
species. The common American pipit, or brown lark, is
Anthus Pensilvanicus. The Western species (A.
Spraguei) is called the American skylark, on
account of its musical powers.
Pip"kin, n.[Dim. of
Pipe.] A small earthen boiler.
Pip"pin (?), n. [Probably fr.
OE. pippin a seed, as being raised from the seed. See
Pip a seed.] (Bot.) (a)
An apple from a tree raised from the seed and not grafted; a
seedling apple. (b) A name given to apples of
several different kinds, as Newtown pippin,
summer pippin, fall pippin, golden
pippin.
We will eat a last year's pippin.
Shak.
Normandy pippins, sun-dried apples for winter
use.
Pip"pul tree` (?). Same as Peepul
tree.
Pi"pra (?), n.; pl.
Pipras (#). [NL., fr. Gr. / a
woodpecker.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous
species of small clamatorial birds belonging to Pipra
and allied genera, of the family Piprid\'91. The male
is usually glossy black, varied with scarlet, yellow, or sky
blue. They chiefly inhabit South America.
Pi"prine (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the pipras, or the
family Piprid\'91.
Pip*sis"se*wa (?), n. [From
American Indian.] (Bot.) A low evergreen
plant (Chimaphila umbellata), with narrow,
wedge-lanceolate leaves, and an umbel of pretty nodding fragrant
blossoms. It has been used in nephritic diseases. Called also
prince's pine.
Pip"y (?), a. Like a pipe;
hollow-stemmed.
Keats.
Pi"quan*cy (?), n. [See
Piquant.] The quality or state of being
piquant.
Pi"quant (?), a. [F., p.pr. of
piquer to prick or sting. See Pike.]
Stimulating to the taste; giving zest; tart; sharp; pungent;
as, a piquant anecdote. \'bdAs
piquant to the tongue as salt.\'b8 Addison.
\'bdPiquant railleries.\'b8 Gov. of Tongue.
Pi"quant*ly, adv. In a piquant
manner.
\'d8Pi`qu\'82" (?), n. [F.,
p.p. of piquer to prick.] A cotton fabric,
figured in the loom, -- used as a dress goods for women and
children, and for vestings, etc.
Pique (?), n. (Zo\'94l.)
The jigger. See Jigger.
Pique (?), n. [F., fr.
piquer. See Pike.] 1. A
feeling of hurt, vexation, or resentment, awakened by a social
slight or injury; irritation of the feelings, as through wounded
pride; stinging vexation.
Men take up piques and displeasures.
Dr. H. More.
Wars had arisen . . . upon a personal pique.
De Quincey.
2. Keenly felt desire; a longing.
Though it have the pique, and long,
'Tis still for something in the wrong.
Hudibras.
3. (Card Playing) In piquet, the right
of the elder hand to count thirty in hand, or to play before the
adversary counts one.
Syn. -- Displeasure; irritation; grudge; spite.
Pique, Spite, Grudge.
Pique denotes a quick and often transient sense of
resentment for some supposed neglect or injury, but it is not
marked by malevolence. Spite is a stronger term,
denoting settled ill will or malice, with a desire to injure, as
the result of extreme irritation. Grudge goes still
further, denoting cherished and secret enmity, with an
unforgiving spirit. A pique is usually of recent date;
a grudge is that which has long subsisted;
spite implies a disposition to cross or vex
others.
Pique, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Piqued (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Piquing (?).] [F.
piquer. See Pike.] 1. To
wound the pride of; to sting; to nettle; to irritate; to fret; to
offend; to excite to anger.
Pique her, and soothe in turn.
Byron.
2. To excite to action by causing resentment or
jealousy; to stimulate; to prick; as, to pique
ambition, or curiosity.
Prior.
3. To pride or value; -- used reflexively.
Men . . . pique themselves upon their skill.
Locke.
Syn. -- To offend; displease; irritate; provoke; fret;
nettle; sting; goad; stimulate.
Pique, v. i. To cause annoyance or
irritation. \'bdEvery /erse hath something in it that
piques.\'b8
Tatler.
Pi*queer" (?), v. i. See
Pickeer. [R.]
Pi*queer"er (?), n. See
Pickeerer. [R.]
Piqu"et (?), n. See
Picket. [R.]
Pi*quet" (?), n. [F., prob. fr.
pique. See Pique, Pike, and
Picket.] A game at cards played between two
persons, with thirty-two cards, all the deuces, threes, fours,
fives, and sixes, being set aside. [Written also
picket and picquet.]
Pi"ra*cy (?), n.; pl.
Piracies (#). [Cf. LL.
piratia, Gr. /. See Pirate.]
1. The act or crime of a pirate.
2. (Common Law) Robbery on the high
seas; the taking of property from others on the open sea by open
violence; without lawful authority, and with intent to steal; --
a crime answering to robbery on land.
<-- air piracy -- to commandeer or hijack an airplane -->
piracy.
3. \'bdSometimes used, in a quasi-figurative
sense, of violation of copyright; but for this,
infringement is the correct and preferable term.\'b8
Abbott.
Pi*ra"gua (?), n. See
Pirogue.
Pi*rai" (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) Same as Piraya.
Pi*ram"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. /
trial + -meter.] A dynamometer for
ascertaining the power required to draw carriages over
roads.
Pi`ra*ru"cu (?), n. [From the
native South American name.] (Zo\'94l.)
Same as Arapaima.
Pi"rate (?), n. [L.
pirata, Gr. /, fr. / to attempt, undertake, from
making attempts or attacks on ships, / an attempt, trial; akin
to E. peril: cf. F. pirate. See
Peril.] 1. A robber on the high
seas; one who by open violence takes the property of another on
the high seas; especially, one who makes it his business to
cruise for robbery or plunder; a freebooter on the seas; also,
one who steals in a harbor.
2. An armed ship or vessel which sails without a
legal commission, for the purpose of plundering other vessels on
the high seas.
3. One who infringes the law of copyright, or
publishes the work of an author without permission.
Pirate perch (Zo\'94l.), a
fresh-water percoid fish of the United States (Aphredoderus
Sayanus). It is of a dark olive color, speckled with
blackish spots.
Pi"rate, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Pirated (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Pirating.] [Cf. F.
pirater.] To play the pirate; to practice
robbery on the high seas.
Pi"rate, v. t. To publish, as books or
writings, without the permission of the author.<-- or other
copyrighted material; see also the similar "knock off", to
manufacture an object with a brand name, without permission of
the brand owner, and usually of inferior quality -->
They advertised they would pirate his edition.
Pope.
Pi*rat"ic (?), a.
Piratical.
Pi*rat"ic*al (?), a. [L.
piraticus, Gr. /: cf. F.
piratique.] Of or pertaining to a pirate;
acquired by, or practicing, piracy; as, a piratical
undertaking. \'bdPiratical printers.\'b8
Pope. -- Pi*rat"ic*al*ly,
adv.
\'d8Pi*ra"ya (?), n. [From the
native name.] (Zo\'94l.) A large voracious
fresh-water fish (Serrasalmo piraya) of South America,
having lancet-shaped teeth.
Pir"ie (?), n. (Naut.)
See Pirry.
Pir"ie, n. [See Pear.]
(Bot.) A pear tree. [Written also
pery, pyrie.] [Obs.]
Chaucer.
\'d8Pi`ri*ri"gua (?), n. [From
the native name.] (Zo\'94l.) A South
American bird (Guira guira) allied to the
cuckoos.
Pirl (?), v. t. [Cf.
Purl.] 1. To spin, as a top.
2. To twist or twine, as hair in making fishing
lines.
Pirn (?), n. [Etymol.
uncertain.] A quill or reed on which thread or yarn is
wound; a bobbin; also, the wound yarn on a weaver's shuttle;
also, the reel of a fishing rod. [Scot.]
Pi*rogue" (?), n. [Originally
an American Indian word: cf. F. pirogue, Sp.
piroga, piragua.] A dugout
canoe; by extension, any small boat. [Written
variously periauger, perogue,
piragua, periagua, etc.]
Pir`ou*ette" (?), n. [F.; of
uncertain origin.] 1. A whirling or turning
on the toes in dancing.
2. (Man.) The whirling about of a
horse.
Pir`ou*ette", v. i. [imp. &
p. p. Pirouetted (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Pirouetting.] [F.
pirouetter.] To perform a pirouette; to
whirl, like a dancer.
{ Pir"ry, Pir"rie } (?),
n. [Cf. Scot. pirr a gentle breeze,
Icel. byrr a prosperous wind, bylr a blast
of wind.] A rough gale of wind.
[Obs.]
Sir T. Elyot.
Pis`as*phal"tum (?), n. See
Pissasphalt.
Pi"say (?), n. (Arch.)
See Pis\'82.
Pis"ca*ry (?), n. [L.
piscarius relating to fishes or to fishing, fr.
piscis a fish.] (Law) The right
or privilege of fishing in another man's waters.
Blackstone.
Pis*ca"tion (?), n. [L.
piscatio, fr. piscari to fish.]
Fishing; fishery. [Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
\'d8Pis*ca"tor (?), n.
[L.] A fisherman; an angler.
{ Pis`ca*to"ri*al (?),
Pis"ca*to*ry (?), } a.
[L. piscatorius, fr. piscator a
fisherman, fr. piscari to fish, fr. piscis
a fish. See Fish the animal.] Of or
pertaining to fishes or fishing.
Addison.
\'d8Pis"ces (?), n. pl. [L.
piscis a fish.] 1. (Astron.)
(a) The twelfth sign of the zodiac, marked (b) A zodiacal constellation,
including the first point of Aries, which is the vernal
equinoctial point; the Fish.
2. (Zo\'94l.) The class of Vertebrata
that includes the fishes. The principal divisions are
Elasmobranchii, Ganoidei, and Teleostei.
Pis"ci*cap`ture (?), n. Capture
of fishes, as by angling. [R.]
W. H. Russell.
Pis`ci*cul"tur*al (?), a.
Relating to pisciculture.
Pis`ci*cul"ture (?), n. [L.
piscis a fish + E. culture.]
Fish culture. See under Fish.
Pis`ci*cul"tur*ist, n. One who breeds
fish.
Pis"ci*form (?), a. [L.
piscis fish + -form.] Having the
form of a fish; resembling a fish.
\'d8Pis*ci"na (?), n. [L., a
certain, fishpond, fr. piscis a fish.]
(Arch.) A niche near the altar in a church,
containing a small basin for rinsing altar vessels.
Pis"ci*nal (?), a. [L.
piscinalis: cf. F. piscinal.]
Belonging to a fishpond or a piscina.
Pis"cine (?), a. [L.
piscis a fish.] (Zo\'94l.) Of or
pertaining to a fish or fishes; as, piscine
remains.
Pis*civ"o*rous (?), a. [L.
piscis a fish + vorare to devour: cf. F.
piscivore.] (Zo\'94l.) Feeding
or subsisting on fish.
\'d8Pi`s\'82" (?), n. [F.
pis\'82, from piser to stamp, pound, L.
pisare.] (Arch.) A species of
wall made of stiff earth or clay rammed in between molds which
are carried up as the wall rises; -- called also pis\'82
work.
Gwilt.
Pish (?), interj. An
exclamation of contempt.
Pish (?), v. i. To express
contempt.
Pope.
\'d8Pi"shu (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The Canada lynx. [Written
also peeshoo.]
Pi"si*form (?), a. [L.
pisum a pea + -form: cf. F.
pisiforme.] Resembling a pea or peas in
size and shape; as, a pisiform iron ore.
Pi"si*form, n. (Anat.) A
small bone on the ulnar side of the carpus in man and many
mammals. See Illust. of Artiodactyla.
Pis"mire (?), n.
[Piss + mire; so called because it
discharges a moisture vulgarly considered urine. See
Mire an ant.] (Zo\'94l.) An ant,
or emmet.
Pi"so*lite (?), n. [Gr. / a
pea + -lite: cf. F. pisolithe.]
(Min.) A variety of calcite, or calcium
carbonate, consisting of aggregated globular concretions about
the size of a pea; -- called also peastone,
peagrit.
Pi`so*lit"ic (?), a. [Cf. F.
pisolithique.] (Min.) Composed
of, containing, or resembling, pisolite.
Pis"o*phalt (?), n. [For
pissasphalt.] (Min.)
Pissasphalt. [Obs.]
Piss (?), v. t. & i. [OE.
pissen, F. pisser; akin to It.
pisciare, D. & G. pissen, Dan.
pisse, Icel. pissa.] To
discharge urine, to urinate.
Shak.
Piss, n. Urine.
Piss"a*bed` (?), n.
(Bot.) A name locally applied to various wild
plants, as dandelion, bluet, oxeye daisy, etc.
Pis"sas*phalt (?), n. [L.
pissasphaltus, Gr. /; / pitch + / asphalt: cf.
F. pissasphalte.] (Min.) Earth
pitch; a soft, black bitumen of the consistence of tar, and of a
strong smell. It is inflammable, and intermediate between
petroleum and asphalt. [Written also
pisasphaltum, pisasphalt, etc.]
Pist (?), n. (man.) See
Piste.
Pis*ta"chio (?), n. [It.
pistacchio (cf. Sp. pistacho, F.
pistache), fr. L. pistacium, Gr. /, /,
fr. Per. pistah. Cf. Fistinut.]
(Bot.) The nut of the Pistacia vera, a
tree of the order Anacardiace\'91, containing a kernel
of a pale greenish color, which has a pleasant taste, resembling
that of the almond, and yields an oil of agreeable taste and
odor; -- called also pistachio nut. It is
wholesome and nutritive. The tree grows in Arabia, Persia, Syria,
and Sicily. [Written also
pistachia.]
\'d8Pis*ta"ci*a (?), n. [NL.
See Pistachio.] (Bot.) The name of
a genus of trees, including the tree which bears the pistachio,
the Mediterranean mastic tree (Pistacia Lentiscus),
and the species (P. Terebinthus) which yields Chian or
Cyprus turpentine.
Pis"ta*cite (?), n. [Cf. F.
pistacite. So called from its green color. See
Pistachio.] (Min.) Epidote.
Pis`ta*reen" (?), n. An old
Spanish silver coin of the value of about twenty cents.
Pis"ta*zite (?), n.
(Min.) Same as Pistacite.
Piste (?), n. [F., fr. L.
pisere, pinsere, pistum, to
pound.] (Min.) The track or tread a
horseman makes upon the ground he goes over.
Johnson.
{ Pis"tel (?), Pis"til
(?) }, n. An epistle.
[Obs.]
Pis"tic (?), a. [L.
pisticus, Gr. /.] Pure; genuine.
[R.]
Jer. Taylor.
Pis"til (?), n. [L.
pistillum, pistillus, a pestle: cf. F.
pistil. See Pestle.] (Bot.)
The seed-bearing organ of a flower. It consists of an ovary,
containing the ovules or rudimentary seeds, and a stigma, which
is commonly raised on an elongated portion called a
style. When composed of one carpel a pistil is simple;
when composed of several, it is compound. See Illust.
of Flower, and Ovary.
Pis`til*la"ceous (?), a.
(Bot.) Growing on, or having nature of, the
pistil; of or pertaining to a pistil.
Barton.
Pis"til*late (?), a.
(Bot.) Having a pistil or pistils; -- usually
said of flowers having pistils but no stamens.
Pis`til*la"tion (?), n. [L.
pistillum a pestle.] The act of pounding or
breaking in a mortar; pestillation. [Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
\'d8Pis`til*lid"i*um (?), n.;
pl. Pistillida (#). [NL., fr.
E. pistil.] (Bot.) Same as
Archegonium.
Pis`til*lif"er*ous (?), a.
[Pistil + -ferous: cf. F.
pistillif\'8are.] (Bot.)
Pistillate.
Pis"til*lo*dy (?), n.
[Pistil + Gr. / form.] (Bot.)
The metamorphosis of other organs into pistils.
Pis"tol (?), n. [F.
pistole, pistolet, It. pistola;
prob. from a form Pistola, for Pistoja, a
town in Italy where pistols were first made. Cf.
Pistole.] The smallest firearm used, intended
to be fired from one hand, -- now of many patterns, and bearing a
great variety of names. See Illust. of
Revolver.<-- generically, also called handgun -->
Pistol carbine, a firearm with a removable
but-piece, and thus capable of being used either as a pistol or a
carbine. -- Pistol pipe (Metal.),
a pipe in which the blast for a furnace is heated, resembling
a pistol in form. -- Pistol shot. (a)
The discharge of a pistol. (b) The distance
to which a pistol can propel a ball.
Pis"tol, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Pistoled (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Pistoling.] [Cf. F.
pistoler.] To shoot with a pistol.
\'bdTo pistol a poacher.\'b8
Sydney Smith.
Pis"to*lade` (?), n. [F.]
A pistol shot.
Pis*tole" (?), n. [F., probably
a name given in jest in France to a Spanish coin. Cf.
Pistol.] The name of certain gold coins of
various values formerly coined in some countries of Europe. In
Spain it was equivalent to a quarter doubloon, or about $3.90,
and in Germany and Italy nearly the same. There was an old
Italian pistole worth about $5.40.
Pis`to*leer" (?), n. [Cf. F.
pistolier.] One who uses a pistol.
[R.]
Carlyle.
Pis"to*let` (?), n. [F., a dim.
of pistole.] A small pistol.
Donne. Beau. & Fl.
<-- pistol-whip, to beat with a pistol -->
<-- p. 1091 -->
Pis"ton (?), n. [F.
piston; cf. It. pistone piston, also
pestone a large pestle; all fr. L. pinsere,
pistum, to pound, to stamp. See Pestle,
Pistil.] (Mach.) A sliding piece
which either is moved by, or moves against, fluid pressure. It
usually consists of a short cylinder fitting within a cylindrical
vessel along which it moves, back and forth. It is used in steam
engines to receive motion from the steam, and in pumps to
transmit motion to a fluid; also for other purposes.
Piston head (Steam Eng.), that part
of a piston which is made fast to the piston rod. --
Piston rod, a rod by which a piston is moved, or
by which it communicates motion. -- Piston valve
(Steam Eng.), a slide valve, consisting of a
piston, or connected pistons, working in a cylindrical case which
is provided with ports that are traversed by the valve.
Pit (?), n. [OE.
pit, put, AS. pytt a pit, hole,
L. puteus a well, pit.] 1. A large
cavity or hole in the ground, either natural or artificial; a
cavity in the surface of a body; an indentation;
specifically: (a) The shaft of a coal mine; a coal
pit. (b) A large hole in the ground from
which material is dug or quarried; as, a stone pit;
a gravel pit; or in which material is made by
burning; as, a lime pit; a charcoal
pit. (c) A vat sunk in the
ground; as, a tan pit.
Tumble me into some loathsome pit.
Shak.
2. Any abyss; especially, the grave, or
hades.
Back to the infernal pit I drag thee chained.
Milton.
He keepth back his soul from the pit.
Job xxxiii. 18.
3. A covered deep hole for entrapping wild beasts;
a pitfall; hence, a trap; a snare. Also used figuratively.
The anointed of the Lord was taken in their
pits.
Lam. iv. 20.
4. A depression or hollow in the surface of the
human body; as: (a) The hollow place under
the shoulder or arm; the axilla, or armpit. (b)
See Pit of the stomach (below).
(c) The indentation or mark left by a pustule, as
in smallpox.
5. Formerly, that part of a theater, on the floor
of the house, below the level of the stage and behind the
orchestra; now, in England, commonly the part behind the stalls;
in the United States, the parquet; also, the occupants of such a
part of a theater.
6. An inclosed area into which gamecocks, dogs, and
other animals are brought to fight, or where dogs are trained to
kill rats. \'bdAs fiercely as two gamecocks in the
pit.\'b8
Locke.
7. [Cf. D. pit, akin to E.
pith.] (Bot.) (a) The
endocarp of a drupe, and its contained seed or seeds; a stone;
as, a peach pit; a cherry pit,
etc. (b) A depression or thin spot in
the wall of a duct.
Cold pit (Hort.), an excavation in
the earth, lined with masonry or boards, and covered with glass,
but not artificially heated, -- used in winter for the storing
and protection of half-hardly plants, and sometimes in the spring
as a forcing bed. -- Pit coal, coal dug from
the earth; mineral coal. -- Pit frame, the
framework over the shaft of a coal mine. -- Pit
head, the surface of the ground at the mouth of a pit
or mine. -- Pit kiln, an oven for coking
coal. -- Pit martin (Zo\'94l.),
the bank swallow. [Prov. Eng.] -- Pit
of the stomach (Anat.), the
depression on the middle line of the epigastric region of the
abdomen at the lower end of the sternum; the infrasternal
depression. -- Pit saw (Mech.), a
saw worked by two men, one of whom stands on the log and the
other beneath it. The place of the latter is often in a pit,
whence the name. -- Pit viper
(Zo\'94l.), any viperine snake having a deep pit
on each side of the snout. The rattlesnake and copperhead are
examples. -- Working pit (Min.), a
shaft in which the ore is hoisted and the workmen carried; -- in
distinction from a shaft used for the pumps.
Pit, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Pitted (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Pitting.] 1. To place or put
into a pit or hole.
They lived like beasts, and were pitted like
beasts, tumbled into the grave.
T. Grander.
2. To mark with little hollows, as by various
pustules; as, a face pitted by smallpox.
3. To introduce as an antagonist; to set forward
for or in a contest; as, to pit one dog against
another.
\'d8Pi"ta (?), n. [Sp.]
(Bot.) (a) A fiber obtained from the
Agave Americana and other related species, -- used for
making cordage and paper. Called also pita
fiber, and pita thread.
(b) The plant which yields the fiber.
<-- pita, pita bread. a thin flat bread that is formed in two
layers, to make a pocket into which other foods may be placed.
-->
Pit`a*ha"ya (?), n. [Sp., prob.
from the native name.] (Bot.) A cactaceous
shrub (Cereus Pitajaya) of tropical America, which
yields a delicious fruit.
Pit"a*pat` (?), adv. [An
onomatopoetic reduplication of pat a light, quick
blow.] In a flutter; with palpitation or quick
succession of beats. Lowell. \'bdThe fox's heart
went pitapat.\'b8 L'Estrange.
Pit"a*pat`, n. A light, repeated sound;
a pattering, as of the rain. \'bdThe pitapat of
a pretty foot.\'b8
Dryden.
Pitch (?), n. [OE.
pich, AS. pic, L. pix; akin to
Gr. /.] 1. A thick, black, lustrous, and
sticky substance obtained by boiling down tar. It is used in
calking the seams of ships; also in coating rope, canvas, wood,
ironwork, etc., to preserve them.
He that toucheth pitch shall be defiled
therewith.
Ecclus. xiii. 1.
2. (Geol.) See
Pitchstone.
Amboyna pitch, the resin of Dammara
australis. See Kauri. -- Burgundy
pitch. See under Burgundy. -- Canada
pitch, the resinous exudation of the hemlock tree
(Abies Canadensis); hemlock gum. -- Jew's
pitch, bitumen. -- Mineral pitch.
See Bitumen and Asphalt. -- Pitch
coal (Min.), bituminous coal. --
Pitch peat (Min.), a black homogeneous
peat, with a waxy luster. -- Pitch pine
(Bot.), any one of several species of pine,
yielding pitch, esp. the Pinus rigida of North
America.
Pitch, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Pitched (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Pitching.] [See
Pitch, n.] 1. To cover
over or smear with pitch.
Gen. vi. 14.
2. Fig.: To darken; to blacken; to obscure.
The welkin pitched with sullen could.
Addison.
Pitch (?), v. t. [OE.
picchen; akin to E. pick,
pike.] 1. To throw, generally with
a definite aim or purpose; to cast; to hurl; to toss; as, to
pitch quoits; to pitch hay; to pitch a
ball.
2. To thrust or plant in the ground, as stakes or
poles; hence, to fix firmly, as by means of poles; to establish;
to arrange; as, to pitch a tent; to pitch a
camp.
3. To set, face, or pave with rubble or undressed
stones, as an embankment or a roadway.
Knight.
4. To fix or set the tone of; as, to
pitch a tune.
5. To set or fix, as a price or value.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Pitched battle, a general battle; a battle in
which the hostile forces have fixed positions; -- in distinction
from a skirmish. -- To pitch into,
to attack; to assault; to abuse.
[Slang]
Pitch, v. i. 1. To fix or place
a tent or temporary habitation; to encamp. \'bdLaban with
his brethren pitched in the Mount of Gilead.\'b8
Gen. xxxi. 25.
2. To light; to settle; to come to rest from
flight.
The tree whereon they [the bees] pitch.
Mortimer.
3. To fix one's choise; -- with on or
upon.
Pitch upon the best course of life, and custom will
render it the more easy.
Tillotson.
4. To plunge or fall; esp., to fall forward; to
decline or slope; as, to pitch from a precipice; the
vessel pitches in a heavy sea; the field
pitches toward the east.
Pitch and pay, an old aphorism which
inculcates ready-money payment, or payment on delivery of
goods.
Shak.
Pitch, n. 1. A throw; a toss; a
cast, as of something from the hand; as, a good
pitch in quoits.
Pitch and toss, a game played by tossing up a
coin, and calling \'bdHeads or tails;\'b8 hence: To play
pitch and toss with (anything), to be careless
or trust to luck about it. \'bdTo play pitch and toss
with the property of the country.\'b8 G.
Eliot. -- Pitch farthing. See
Chuck farthing, under 5th Chuck.
2. (Cricket) That point of the ground on
which the ball pitches or lights when bowled.
3. A point or peak; the extreme point or degree of
elevation or depression; hence, a limit or bound.
Driven headlong from the pitch of heaven, down
Into this deep.
Milton.
Enterprises of great pitch and moment.
Shak.
To lowest pitch of abject fortune.
Milton.
He lived when learning was at its highest
pitch.
Addison.
The exact pitch, or limits, where temperance
ends.
Sharp.
4. Height; stature. [Obs.]
Hudibras.
5. A descent; a fall; a thrusting down.
6. The point where a declivity begins; hence, the
declivity itself; a descending slope; the degree or rate of
descent or slope; slant; as, a steep pitch in the
road; the pitch of a roof.
7. (Mus.) The relative acuteness or
gravity of a tone, determined by the number of vibrations which
produce it; the place of any tone upon a scale of high and
low.
absolute
pitch, are named after the first seven letters of the
alphabet; with reference to relative pitch, in a
series of tones called the scale, they are called
one, two, three,
four, five, six,
seven, eight. Eight is also
one of a new scale an octave higher, as one
is eight of a scale an octave lower.
8. (Mining) The limit of ground set to a
miner who receives a share of the ore taken out.
9. (Mech.) (a) The distance
from center to center of any two adjacent teeth of gearing,
measured on the pitch line; -- called also
circular pitch. (b) The length,
measured along the axis, of a complete turn of the thread of a
screw, or of the helical lines of the blades of a screw
propeller. (c) The distance between the
centers of holes, as of rivet holes in boiler plates.
Concert pitch (Mus.), the standard
of pitch used by orchestras, as in concerts, etc. --
Diametral pitch (Gearing), the distance
which bears the same relation to the pitch proper, or circular
pitch, that the diameter of a circle bears to its circumference;
it is sometimes described by the number expressing the quotient
obtained by dividing the number of teeth in a wheel by the
diameter of its pitch circle in inches; as, 4 pitch, 8 pitch,
etc. -- Pitch chain, a chain, as one made of
metallic plates, adapted for working with a sprocket wheel.
-- Pitch line, Pitch
circle (Gearing), an ideal line, in a
toothed gear or rack, bearing such a relation to a corresponding
line in another gear, with which the former works, that the two
lines will have a common velocity as in rolling contact; it
usually cuts the teeth at about the middle of their height, and,
in a circular gear, is a circle concentric with the axis of the
gear; the line, or circle, on which the pitch of teeth is
measured. -- Pitch of a roof (Arch.),
the inclination or slope of the sides expressed by the height
in parts of the span; as, one half pitch; whole
pitch; or by the height in parts of the half span,
especially among engineers; or by degrees, as a pitch
of 30\'f8, of 45\'f8, etc.; or by the rise and
run, that is, the ratio of the height to the half span;
as, a pitch of six rise to ten run. Equilateral
pitch is where the two sloping sides with the span form an
equilateral triangle. -- Pitch of a plane
(Carp.), the slant of the cutting iron. --
Pitch pipe, a wind instrument used by choristers
in regulating the pitch of a tune. -- Pitch point
(Gearing), the point of contact of the pitch lines
of two gears, or of a rack and pinion, which work
together.
Pitch"-black` (?), a. Black as
pitch or tar.
Pitch"blende` (?), n. [1st
pitch + blende.] (Min.) A
pitch-black mineral consisting chiefly of the oxide of uranium;
uraninite. See Uraninite.
Pitch"-dark`, a. Dark as a pitch;
pitch-black.
Pitch"er (?), n. 1.
One who pitches anything, as hay, quoits, a ball, etc.;
specifically (Baseball), the player who delivers the
ball to the batsman.
2. A sort of crowbar for digging.
[Obs.]
Mortimer.
Pitch"er (?), n. [OE.
picher, OF. pichier, OHG.
pehhar, pehh\'beri; prob. of the same
origin as E. beaker. Cf. Beaker.]
1. A wide-mouthed, deep vessel for holding liquids,
with a spout or protruding lip and a handle; a water jug or jar
with a large ear or handle.
2. (Bot.) A tubular or cuplike appendage
or expansion of the leaves of certain plants.
American pitcher plants, the species of
Sarracenia. See Sarracenia. -- Australian
pitcher plant, the Cephalotus follicularis,
a low saxifragaceous herb having two kinds of radical leaves,
some oblanceolate and entire, others transformed into little
ovoid pitchers, longitudinally triple-winged and ciliated, the
mouth covered with a lid shaped like a cockleshell. --
California pitcher plant, the Darlingtonia
California. See Darlingtonia. -- Pitcher
plant, any plant with the whole or a part of the leaves
transformed into pitchers or cuplike organs, especially the
species of Nepenthes. See
Nepenthes.
Pitch"er*ful (?), n.; pl.
Pitcherfuls (/). The quantity a
pitcher will hold.
Pitch"-faced` (?), a. (Stone
Cutting) Having the arris defined by a line beyond
which the rock is cut away, so as to give nearly true edges; --
said of squared stones that are otherwise quarry-faced.
Pitch"fork` (?), n. A fork, or
farming utensil, used in pitching hay, sheaves of grain, or the
like.
Pitch"fork`, v. t. To pitch or throw
with, or as with, a pitchfork.
He has been pitchforked into the footguards.
G. A. Sala.
Pitch"i*ness (?), n. [From
Pitchy.] Blackness, as of pitch;
darkness.
Pitch"ing, n. 1. The act of
throwing or casting; a cast; a pitch; as, wild
pitching in baseball.
2. The rough paving of a street to a grade with
blocks of stone.
Mayhew.
3. (Hydraul. Eng.) A facing of stone
laid upon a bank to prevent wear by tides or currents.
Pitching piece (Carp.), the
horizontal timber supporting the floor of a platform of a
stairway, and against which the stringpieces of the sloping parts
are supported.
Pitch"-ore` (?), n.
(Min.) Pitchblende.
Pitch"stone` (?), n.
(Geol.) An igneous rock of semiglassy nature,
having a luster like pitch.
Pitch"work` (?), n. The work of
a coal miner who is paid by a share of his product.
Pitch"y (?), a. [From 1st
Pitch.] 1. Partaking of the
qualities of pitch; resembling pitch.
2. Smeared with pitch.
3. Black; pitch-dark; dismal.
\'bdPitchy night.\'b8
Shak.
Pit"e*ous (?), a. [OE.
pitous, OF. pitos, F. piteux.
See Pity.] 1. Pious; devout.
[Obs.]
The Lord can deliver piteous men from
temptation.
Wyclif.
2. Evincing pity, compassion, or sympathy;
compassionate; tender. \'bd[She] piteous of his
case.\'b8
Pope.
She was so charitable and so pitous.
Chaucer.
3. Fitted to excite pity or sympathy; wretched;
miserable; lamentable; sad; as, a piteous
case.
Spenser.
The most piteous tale of Lear.
Shak.
4. Paltry; mean; pitiful.
\'bdPiteous amends.\'b8
Milton.
Syn. -- Sorrowful; mournful; affecting; doleful; woeful;
rueful; sad; wretched; miserable; pitiable; pitiful;
compassionate.
-- Pit"e*ous*ly, adv. --
Pit"e*ous*ness, n.
Pit"fall` (?), n. A pit
deceitfully covered to entrap wild beasts or men; a trap of any
kind.
Sir T. North.
Pit"fall`ing, a. Entrapping;
insnaring. [R.] \'bdFull of . . .
contradiction and pitfalling dispenses.\'b8
Milton.
Pith (?), n. [AS.
pi/a; akin to D. pit pith, kernel, LG.
peddik. Cf. Pit a kernel.] 1.
(Bot.) The soft spongy substance in the center of
the stems of many plants and trees, especially those of the
dicotyledonous or exogenous classes. It consists of cellular
tissue.
2. (a) (Zo\'94l.) The spongy
interior substance of a feather. (b)
(Anat.) The spinal cord; the marrow.
3. Hence: The which contains the strength of life;
the vital or essential part; concentrated force; vigor; strength;
importance; as, the speech lacked pith.
Enterprises of great pith and moment.
Shak.
Pith paper. Same as Rice paper,
under Rice.
Pith, v. t. (Physiol.) To
destroy the central nervous system of (an animal, as a frog), as
by passing a stout wire or needle up and down the vertebral
canal.
\'d8Pi*the"ci (?), n. pl. [NL.,
fr. Gr. / an ape.] (Zo\'94l.) A division
of mammals including the apes and monkeys. Sometimes used in the
sense of Primates.
Pith"e*coid (?), a. [Gr. / an
ape + -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) 1.
Of or pertaining to the genus Pithecia, or
subfamily Pithecin\'91, which includes the saki,
ouakari, and other allied South American monkeys.
2. Of or pertaining to the anthropoid apes in
particular, or to the higher apes of the Old World,
collectively.
Pith"ful (?), a. Full of
pith. [R.]
W. Browne.
Pith"i*ly (?), adv. In a pithy
manner.
Pith"i*ness, n. The quality or state of
being pithy.
Pith"less, a. Destitute of pith, or of
strength; feeble. Dryden. \'bdPithless
argumentation.\'b8 Glandstone.
Pit"-hole` (?), n. A pit; a
pockmark.
Pith"some (?), a. Pithy;
robust. [R.] \'bdPithsome health
and vigor.\'b8
R. D. Blackmore.
Pith"y (?), a.
[Compar. Pithier (?);
superl. Pithiest.] 1.
Consisting wholly, or in part, of pith; abounding in pith;
as, a pithy stem; a pithy fruit.
2. Having nervous energy; forceful; cogent.
This pithy speech prevailed, and all agreed.
Dryden.
In all these Goodman Fact was very short, but
pithy.
Addison.
Pithy gall (Zo\'94l.), a large,
rough, furrowed, oblong gall, formed on blackberry canes by a
small gallfly (Diastrophus nebulosus).
<-- p. 1092 -->
Pit"i*a*ble (?), a. [Cf. OF.
pitiable, F. pitoyable.]
Deserving pity; wworthy of, or exciting, compassion;
miserable; lamentable; piteous; as, pitiable
persons; a pitiable condition; pitiable
wretchedness.
Syn. -- Sorrowful; woeful; sad. See Piteous.
-- Pit"i*a*ble*ness, n. --
Pit"i*a*bly, adv.
Pit"i*er (?), n. One who
pities.
Gauden.
Pit"i*ful (?), a. 1.
Full of pity; tender-hearted; compassionate; kind; merciful;
sympathetic.
The Lord is very pitiful, and of tender mercy.
James v. 11.
2. Piteous; lamentable; eliciting compassion.
A thing, indeed, very pitiful and horrible.
Spenser.
3. To be pitied for littleness or meanness;
miserable; paltry; contemptible; despicable.
That's villainous, and shows a most pitiful
ambition in the fool that uses it.
Shak.
Syn. -- Despicable; mean; paltry. See
Contemptible.
-- Pit"i*ful*ly, adv. --
Pit"i*ful*ness, n.
Pit"i*less, a. 1. Destitute of
pity; hard-hearted; merciless; as, a pitilessmaster;
pitiless elements.
2. Exciting no pity; as, a pitiless
condition.
-- Pit"i*less*ly, adv. --
Pit"i*less*ness, n.
Pit"man (?), n.; pl.
Pitmen (/). 1. One who
works in a pit, as in mining, in sawing timber, etc.
2. (Mach.) The connecting rod in a
sawmill; also, sometimes, a connecting rod in other
machinery.
Pi*tot's" tube` (?). (Hydraul.)
A bent tube used to determine the velocity of running water,
by placing the curved end under water, and observing the height
to which the fluid rises in the tube; a kind of current
meter.
Pit"pan` (?), n. A long,
flat-bottomed canoe, used for the navigation of rivers and
lagoons in Central America.
Squier.
Pit"pat` (?), n. & adv. See
Pitapat.
Pit"ta (?), n. (Zo\'94l.)
Any one of a large group of bright-colored clamatorial birds
belonging to Pitta, and allied genera of the family
Pittid\'91. Most of the species are varied with three
or more colors, such as blue, green, crimson, yellow, purple, and
black. They are called also ground thrushes,
and Old World ant thrushes; but they are not
related to the true thrushes.
Pit"ta*cal (?), n. [Gr. /,
/, pitch + / beautiful: cf. F. pittacale.]
(Chem.) A dark blue substance obtained from wood
tar. It consists of hydrocarbons which when oxidized form the
orange-yellow eupittonic compounds, the salts of which are dark
blue.
Pit"tance (?), n. [OE.
pitance, pitaunce, F. pitance;
cf. It. pietanza, LL. pitancia,
pittantia, pictantia; perh. fr. L.
pietas pity, piety, or perhaps akin to E.
petty. Cf. Petty, and Pity.]
1. An allowance of food bestowed in charity; a mess
of victuals; hence, a small charity gift; a dole. \'bdA
good pitaunce.\'b8
Chaucer.
One half only of this pittance was ever given him
in money.
Macaulay.
2. A meager portion, quality, or allowance; an
inconsiderable salary or compensation. \'bdThe small
pittance of learning they received.\'b8
Swift.
The inconsiderable pittance of faithful
professors.
Fuller.
Pit"ted (?), a. 1.
Marked with little pits, as in smallpox. See Pit,
v. t., 2.
2. (Bot.) Having minute thin spots;
as, pitted ducts in the vascular parts of vegetable
tissue.
Pit"ter (?), n. A contrivance
for removing the pits from peaches, plums, and other stone
fruit.
Pit"ter, v. i. To make a pattering
sound; to murmur; as, pittering streams.
[Obs.]
R. Greene.
Pit"tle-pat`tle (?), v. i. To
talk unmeaningly; to chatter or prattle. [R.]
Latimer.
Pi*tu"i*ta*ry (?), a. [L.
pituita phlegm, pituite: cf. F.
pituitarie.] (Anat.) (a)
Secreting mucus or phlegm; as, the pituitary
membrane, or the mucous membrane which lines the nasal
cavities. (b) Of or pertaining to the
pituitary body; as, the pituitary fossa.
Pituitary body gland
(Anat.), a glandlike body of unknown function,
situated in the pituitary fossa, and connected with the
infundibulum of the brain; the hypophysis. -- Pituitary
fossa (Anat.), the ephippium.
<-- glandula pituitaria, basilaris. Suspended from the base of
the hypothalamus. secretes pituitary hormones: oxytocin,
antidiuretic hormone; somatotropins, prolactin, thyroid
stimulating hormone, gonadotropins, adrenal corticotropin and
other peptide hormones. Called the "master gland" -->
Pit"u*ite (?), n. [L.
pituita: cf. F. pituite. Cf. Pip a
disease of fowls.] Mucus, phlegm.
Pi*tu"i*tous (?), a. [L.
pituitosus: cf. F. pituiteux.]
Consisting of, or resembling, pituite or mucus; full of
mucus; discharging mucus.
Pituitous fever (Med.), typhoid
fever; enteric fever.
Pit"y (?), n.; pl.
Pities (#). [OE. pite,
OF. pit\'82, piti\'82, F.
piti\'82, L. pietas piety, kindness, pity.
See Pious, and cf. Piety.] 1.
Piety. [Obs.]
Wyclif.
2. A feeling for the sufferings or distresses of
another or others; sympathy with the grief or misery of another;
compassion; fellow-feeling; commiseration.
He that hath pity upon the poor lendeth unto the
Lord.
Prov. xix. 17.
He . . . has no more pity in him than a dog.
Shak.
3. A reason or cause of pity, grief, or regret; a
thing to be regretted. \'bdThe more the
pity.\'b8
Shak.
What pity is it
That we can die but once to serve our country!
Addison.
pities.\'b8
Syn. -- Compassion; mercy; commiseration; condolence;
sympathy, fellow-suffering; fellow-feeling. -- Pity,
Sympathy, Compassion. Sympathy is
literally fellow-feeling, and therefore requiers a
certain degree of equality in situation, circumstances, etc., to
its fullest exercise. Compassion is deep tenderness
for another under severe or inevitable misfortune.
Pity regards its object not only as suffering, but
weak, and hence as inferior.
Pit"y (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Pitied (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Pitying.]
1. To feel pity or compassion for; to have sympathy
with; to compassionate; to commiserate; to have tender feelings
toward (any one), awakened by a knowledge of suffering.
Like as a father pitieth his children, so the Lord
pitieth them that fear him.
Ps. ciii. 13.
2. To move to pity; -- used impersonally.
[Obs.]
It pitieth them to see her in the dust.
Bk. of Com. Prayer.
Pit"y, v. i. To be compassionate; to
show pity.
I will not pity, nor spare, nor have mercy.
Jer. xiii. 14.
Pit"y*ing, a. Expressing pity; as, a
pitying eye, glance, or word. --
Pit"y*ing*ly, adv.
\'d8Pit`y*ri"a*sis (?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. /, fr. /, lit., bran.]
(Med.) A superficial affection of the skin,
characterized by irregular patches of thin scales which are shed
in branlike particles.
\'d8Pityriasis versicolor [NL.]
(Med.), a parasitic disease of the skin, characterized
by the development of reddish or brownish patches.
Pit"y*roid (?), a. [Gr. /
bran + -oid.] Having the form of, or
resembling, bran.
Smart.
\'d8Pi"\'97 (?), adv. [It., fr.
L. plus. See Plus.] (Mus.)
A little more; as, pi\'97 allegro, a little
more briskly.
Piv"ot (?), n. [F.; prob. akin
to It. piva pipe, F. pipe. See
Pipe.] 1. A fixed pin or short axis,
on the end of which a wheel or other body turns.
2. The end of a shaft or arbor which rests and
turns in a support; as, the pivot of an arbor in a
watch.
3. Hence, figuratively: A turning point or
condition; that on which important results depend; as, the
pivot of an enterprise.
4. (Mil.) The officer or soldier who
simply turns in his place whike the company or line moves around
him in wheeling; -- called also pivot
man.
Pivot bridge, a form of drawbridge in which
one span, called the pivot span, turns about a central
vertical axis. -- Pivot gun, a gun mounted on
a pivot or revolving carriage, so as to turn in any
direction. -- Pivot tooth (Dentistry),
an artificial crown attached to the root of a natural tooth
by a pin or peg.
Piv"ot, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Pivoted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Pivoting.] To place on a pivot.
Clarke.
Piv"ot*al (?), a. Of or
pertaining to a pivot or turning point; belonging to, or
constituting, a pivot; of the nature of a pivot; as, the
pivotalopportunity of a career; the pivotal
position in a battle.
Pix (?), n. & v. See
Pyx.
{ Pix"y, Pix"ie } (?),
n.; pl. Pixies (#).
[For Pucksy, from Puck.]
1. An old English name for a fairy; an elf.
[Written also picksy.]
2. (Bot.) A low creeping evergreen plant
(Pyxidanthera barbulata), with mosslike leaves and
little white blossoms, found in New Jersey and southward, where
it flowers in earliest spring.
Pixy ring, a fairy ring or circle.
[Prov. Eng.] -- Pixy stool
(Bot.), a toadstool or mushroom. [Prov.
Eng.]
Pix"y-led` (?), a. Led by
pixies; bewildered.
\'d8Piz`zi*ca"to (?). [It.,
pinched.] (Mus.) A direction to violinists
to pluck the string with the finger, instead of using the bow.
(Abrev. pizz.)
Piz"zle (?), n. [Cf. Prov. G.
pissel, pesel, peisel,
peserich, D. pees a tendon or
spring.] The penis; -- so called in some animals, as
the bull.
Shak.
Pla`ca*bil"i*ty (?), n. [L.
placabilitas: cf. F. placabilit\'82.]
The quality or state of being placable or appeasable;
placable disposition.
Pla"ca*ble (?), a. [L.
placabilis, fr. placare to quiet, pacify:
cf. F. placable. See Placate.]
Capable of being appeased or pacified; ready or willing to
be pacified; willing to forgive or condone.
Methought I saw him placable and mild.
Milton.
Pla"ca*ble*ness, n. The quality of being
placable.
Pla*card" (?), n. [F., fr.
plaquer to lay or clap on, plaque plate,
tablet; probably from Dutch, cf. D. plakken to paste,
post up, plak a flat piece of wood.] 1.
A public proclamation; a manifesto or edict issued by
authority. [Obs.]
All placards or edicts are published in his
name.
Howell.
2. Permission given by authority; a license;
as, to give a placard to do something.
[Obs.]
ller.
3. A written or printed paper, as an advertisement
or a declaration, posted, or to be posted, in a public place; a
poster.
4. (Anc. Armor) An extra plate on the
lower part of the breastplate or backplate.
Planch\'82.
5. [Cf. Placket.] A kind of
stomacher, often adorned with jewels, worn in the fifteenth
century and later.
Pla*card", v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Placarded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Placarding.] 1. To post
placards upon or within; as, to placard a wall, to
placard the city.
2. To announce by placards; as, to
placard a sale.
Plac"ate (?), n. Same as
Placard, 4 & 5.
Pla"cate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Placated
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Placating.] [L. placatus,
p.p. of placare to placate, akin to placere
to please. See Please.] To appease; to
pacify; to concilate. \'bdTherefore is he always
propitiated and placated.\'b8
Cudworth.
Pla*ca"tion (?), n. [L.
placatio.] The act of placating.
[R.]
Puttenham (1589).
Place (?), n. [F., fr. L.
platea a street, an area, a courtyard, from Gr.
platei^a a street, properly fem. of
platy`s, flat, broad; akin to Skr.
p, Lith. platus. Cf.
Flawn, Piazza, Plate,
Plaza.] 1. Any portion of space
regarded as measured off or distinct from all other space, or
appropriated to some definite object or use; position; ground;
site; spot; rarely, unbounded space.
Here is the place appointed.
Shak.
What place can be for us
Within heaven's bound?
Milton.
The word place has sometimes a more confused sense,
and stands for that space which any body takes up; and so the
universe is a place.
Locke.
2. A broad way in a city; an open space; an area; a
court or short part of a street open only at one end.
\'bdHangman boys in the market place.\'b8
Shak.
3. A position which is occupied and held; a
dwelling; a mansion; a village, town, or city; a fortified town
or post; a stronghold; a region or country.
Are you native of this place?
Shak.
4. Rank; degree; grade; order of priority,
advancement, dignity, or importance; especially, social rank or
position; condition; also, official station; occupation;
calling. \'bdThe enervating magic of place.\'b8
Hawthorne.
Men in great place are thrice servants.
Bacon.
I know my place as I would they should do
theirs.
Shak.
5. Vacated or relinquished space; room; stead (the
departure or removal of another being or thing being
implied). \'bdIn place of Lord Bassanio.\'b8
Shak.
6. A definite position or passage of a
document.
The place of the scripture which he read was
this.
Acts viii. 32.
7. Ordinal relation; position in the order of
proceeding; as, he said in the first
place.
8. Reception; effect; -- implying the making room
for.
My word hath no place in you.
John viii. 37.
9. (Astron.) Position in the heavens, as
of a heavenly body; -- usually defined by its right ascension and
declination, or by its latitude and longitude.
Place of arms (Mil.), a place
calculated for the rendezvous of men in arms, etc., as a fort
which affords a safe retreat for hospitals, magazines, etc.
Wilhelm. -- High place
(Script.), a mount on which sacrifices were
offered. \'bdHim that offereth in the high place.\'b8
Jer. xlviii. 35. -- In place, in
proper position; timely. -- Out of place,
inappropriate; ill-timed; as, his remarks were out of
place. -- Place kick (Football),
the act of kicking the ball after it has been placed on the
ground. -- Place name, the name of a place or
locality. London Academy. -- To give
place, to make room; to yield; to give way; to give
advantage. \'bdNeither give place to the devil.\'b8
Eph. iv. 27. \'bdLet all the rest give
place.\'b8 Shak. -- To have place,
to have a station, room, or seat; as, such desires can
have no place in a good heart. --
To take place. (a) To come to pass; to
occur; as, the ceremony will not take place.
(b) To take precedence or priority.
Addison. (c) To take effect; to
prevail. \'bdIf your doctrine takes place.\'b8
Berkeley. \'bdBut none of these excuses would take
place.\'b8 Spenser. -- To take the place
of, to be substituted for.
Syn. -- Situation; seat; abode; position; locality;
location; site; spot; office; employment; charge; function;
trust; ground; room; stead.
Place (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Placed (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Placing
(?).] [Cf. F. placer. See
Place, n.] 1. To assign a
place to; to put in a particular spot or place, or in a certain
relative position; to direct to a particular place; to fix; to
settle; to locate; as, to place a book on a shelf;
to place balls in tennis.
Upon my head they placed a fruitless crown.
Shak.
2. To put or set in a particular rank, office, or
position; to surround with particular circumstances or relations
in life; to appoint to certain station or condition of life;
as, in whatever sphere one is placed.
Place such over them to be rulers.
Ex. xviii. 21.
3. To put out at interest; to invest; to loan;
as, to place money in a bank.
4. To set; to fix; to repose; as, to
place confidence in a friend. \'bdMy
resolution 's placed.\'b8
Shak.
5. To attribute; to ascribe; to set down.
Place it for her chief virtue.
Shak.
To place (a person), to identify him.
[Colloq. U.S.]
Syn. -- See Put.
\'d8Pla*ce"bo (?), n. [L., I
shall please, fut. of placere to please.]
1. (R. C. Ch.) The first antiphon of the
vespers for the dead.
2. (Med.) A prescription intended to
humor or satisfy.
To sing placebo, to agree with one in his
opinion; to be complaisant to.
Chaucer.
<-- placebo effect -->
Place"ful (?), a. In the
appointed place. [Obs.]
Place"less, a. Having no place or
office.
Place"man (?), n.; pl.
Placemen (/). One who holds or
occupies a place; one who has office under government.
Sir W. Scott.
Place"ment (?), n. [Cf. F.
placement.] 1. The act of placing,
or the state of being placed.
2. Position; place.
Pla*cen"ta (?), n.; pl. L.
Placent\'91 (#), E. Placentas
(#). [L., a cake, Gr. / a flat cake, from
/ flat, fr. /, /, anything flat and broad.]
1. (Anat.) The vascular appendage which
connects the fetus with the parent, and is cast off in
parturition with the afterbirth.
2. (Bot.) The part of a pistil or fruit
to which the ovules or seeds are attached.
Pla*cen"tal (?), a. 1.
Of or pertaining to the placenta; having, or characterized
by having, a placenta; as, a placental
mammal.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the
Placentalia.
Pla*cen"tal, n. (Zo\'94l.)
One of the Placentalia.
<-- p. 1093 -->
\'d8Plac`en*ta"li*a (?), n. pl.
[NL.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of
Mammalia including those that have a placenta, or all the orders
above the marsupials.
Pla*cen"ta*ry (?), a. Having
reference to the placenta; as, the placentary system
of classification.
Plac`en*ta"tion (?), n. 1.
(Anat.) The mode of formation of the placenta in
different animals; as, the placentation of
mammals.
2. (Bot.) The mode in which the placenta
is arranged or composed; as, axile placentation;
parietal placentation.
Plac`en*tif"er*ous (?), a.
[Placenta + -ferous.] (Bot.
& Zo\'94l.) Having or producing a placenta.
Pla*cen"ti*form (?), a.
[Placenta + -form.]
(Bot.) Having the shape of a placenta, or
circular thickened disk somewhat thinner about the middle.
Pla*cen"tious (?), a. [See
Please.] Pleasing; amiable.
[Obs.] \'bdA placentious person.\'b8
Fuller.
Place"-proud` (?), a. Proud of
rank or office.
Beau. & Fl.
Pla"cer (?), n. One who places
or sets.
Spenser.
Plac"er (?), n. [Sp.]
A deposit of earth, sand, or gravel, containing valuable
mineral in particles, especially by the side of a river, or in
the bed of a mountain torrent. [U.S.]
\'d8Pla"cet (?), n. [L.
placet it pleases.] 1. A vote of
assent, as of the governing body of a university, of an
ecclesiastical council, etc.
2. The assent of the civil power to the
promulgation of an ecclesiastical ordinance.
Shipley.
The king . . . annulled the royal placet.
J. P. Peters.
Plac"id (?), a. [L.
placidus, originally, pleasing, mild, from
placere to please: cf. F. placide. See
Please.] Pleased; contented; unruffied;
undisturbed; serene; peaceful; tranquil; quiet; gentle.
\'bdThat placid aspect and meek regard.\'b8
Milton. \'bdSleeping . . . the placid sleep
of infancy.\'b8
Macaulay.
Pla*cid"i*ty (?), n. [L.
placiditas: cf. F. placidit\'82.]
The quality or state of being placid; calmness;
serenity.
Hawthorne.
Plac"id*ly (?), adv. In a
placid manner.
Plac"id*ness, n. The quality or state of
being placid.
Plac"it (?), n. [L.
placitum. See Plea.] A decree or
determination; a dictum. [Obs.] \'bdThe
placits and opinions of other philosophers.\'b8
Evelyn.
Plac"i*to*ry (?), a. [See
Placit.] Of or pertaining to pleas or
pleading, in courts of law. [Obs.]
Clayton.
\'d8Plac"i*tum (?), n.; pl.
Placita (#). [LL. See
Placit.] 1. A public court or
assembly in the Middle Ages, over which the sovereign president
when a consultation was held upon affairs of state.
Brande & C.
2. (Old Eng. Law) A court, or cause in
court.
3. (Law) A plea; a pleading; a judicial
proceeding; a suit.
Burrill.
Plack (?), n. [F.
plaque a plate of metal. Cf. Plaque.]
A small copper coin formerly current in Scotland, worth less
than a cent.
With not a plack in the pocket of the poet.
Prof. Wilson.
Plack"et (?), n. [F.
plaquer to lay or clap on. See
Placard.] 1. A petticoat, esp. an
under petticoat; hence, a cant term for a woman.
[Obs.]
Beau. & Fl.
2. The opening or slit left in a petticoat or skirt
for convenience in putting it on; -- called also placket
hole.
3. A woman's pocket.
Plac"o*derm (?), n. [Gr. /,
/, tablet + / skin.] (Paleon.) One of
the Placodermi.
Plac`o*der"mal (?), a.
(Paleon.) Of or pertaining to the placoderms;
like the placoderms.
\'d8Plac`o*der"ma*ta (?), n. pl.
[NL.] (Paleon.) Same as
Placodermi.
\'d8Plac`o*der"mi (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. /, /, a tablet + / skin.]
(Paleon.) An extinct group of fishes, supposed to
be ganoids. The body and head were covered with large bony
plates. See Illust. under Pterichthys, and
Coccosteus.
Plac`o*ga"noid (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to the Placoganoidei.
\'d8Plac`o*ga*noi"de*i (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. /, /, a tablet + NL. ganoidei.
See Ganoidei.] (Zo\'94l.) A
division of ganoid fishes including those that have large
external bony plates and a cartilaginous skeleton.
Plac"oid (?), a. [Gr. /, /,
a tablet + -oid.] (Zo\'94l.)
Platelike; having irregular, platelike, bony scales, often
bearing spines; pertaining to the placoids.
Plac"oid, n. (Zo\'94l.)
(a) Any fish having placoid scales, as the
sharks. (b) One of the Placoides.
\'d8Pla*coi"des (?), n. pl.
[NL.] (Zo\'94l.) A group of fishes
including the sharks and rays; the Elasmobranchii; -- called also
Placoidei.
Pla*coid"i*an (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) One of the placoids.
\'d8Pla*coph"o*ra (?), n. pl.
[NL., from Gr. /, /, tablet + / to bear.]
(Zo\'94l.) A division of gastropod Mollusca,
including the chitons. The back is covered by eight shelly
plates. Called also Polyplacophora.
See Illust. under Chiton, and
Isopleura.
\'d8Pla"ga (?), n.; pl.
Plag\'91 (#). [L.
pl\'bega a blow, a welt, a stripe.]
(Zo\'94l.) A stripe of color.
Pla"gal (?), a. [F., from Gr.
/ sidewise, slanting.] (Mus.) Having a
scale running from the dominant to its octave; -- said of certain
old church modes or tunes, as opposed to those called
authentic, which ran from the tonic to its
octave.
Plagal cadence, a cadence in which the final
chord on the tonic is preceded by the chord on the
subdominant.
Pla"gate (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Having plag\'91, or irregular
enlongated color spots.
Plage (?), n. [F., fr. L.
plaga.] A region; country.
[Obs.] \'bdThe plages of the north.\'b8
Chaucer.
Pla"gia*rism (?), n. [Cf. F.
plagiarisme.] 1. The act or
practice of plagiarizing.
2. That which plagiarized.
Pla"gia*rist (?), n. One who
plagiarizes; or purloins the words, writings, or ideas of
another, and passes them off as his own; a literary thief; a
plagiary.
Pla"gia*rize (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Plagiarized
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Plagiarizing.] To steal or purloin from
the writings of another; to appropriate without due
acknowledgement (the ideas or expressions of another).
Pla"gia*ry, v. i. To commit
plagiarism.
Pla"gia*ry (?), n.; pl.
Plagiaries (#). [L.
plagiarius a kidnaper, a literary thief, fr.
plagium kidnaping; cf. plaga a net, perh.
akin to E. plait: cf. F. plagiaire.]
1. A manstealer; a kidnaper.
[Obs.]
2. One who purloins another's expressions or ideas,
and offers them as his own; a plagiarist.
Dryden.
3. Plagiarism; literary thief.
Milton.
Pla"gia*ry, a. 1.
Kidnaping. [Obs.]
E. Browne.
2. Practicing plagiarism.
Bp. Hall.
Pla`gi*he"dral (?), a. [Gr. /
oblique + / base, seat.] (Crystallog.)
Having an oblique spiral arrangement of planes, as
levogyrate and dextrogyrate crystals.
Pla`gi*o*ce*phal"ic (?), a.
[Gr. / oblique + / the head.] (Anat.)
Having an oblique lateral deformity of the skull.
Pla`gi*o*ceph"a*ly (?), n.
(Anat.) Oblique lateral deformity of the
skull.
Pla"gi*o*clase (?), n. [Gr. /
oblique + / to break.] (Min.) A general
term used of any triclinic feldspar. See the Note under
Feldspar.
Pla"gi*o*nite (?), n. [Gr. /
oblique. So called in allusion to its usually oblique
crystallization.] (Min.) A sulphide of lead
and antimony, of a blackish lead-gray color and metallic
luster.
Pla`gi*o*stom"a*tous (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Same as Plagiostomous.
Pla"gi*o*stome (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) One of the Plagiostomi.
\'d8Pla`gi*os"to*mi (?), n. pl.
[NL., from Gr. / slanting + /, /, mouth.]
(Zo\'94l.) An order of fishes including the
sharks and rays; -- called also
Plagiostomata.
Pla`gi*os"to*mous (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the
Plagiostomi.
\'d8Pla`gi*o*trem"a*ta (?), n. pl.;
[NL., fr. Gr. / slanting + /, /, a hole.]
(Zo\'94l.) Same as Lepidosauria.
Pla`gi*o*trop"ic (?), a. [Gr.
/ aslant + / to turn.] (Bot.) Having
the longer axis inclined away from the vertical line.
\'d8Pla"gi*um (?), n.
[L.] (Civil Law) Manstealing;
kidnaping.
Pla*gose" (?), a. [L.
plagosus. See Plague.] Fond of
flogging; as, a plagose master.
[R.]
Plague (?), n. [L.
plaga a blow, stroke, plague; akin to Gr. /, fr. /
to strike; cf. L. plangere to strike, beat. Cf.
Plaint.] 1. That which smites,
wounds, or troubles; a blow; a calamity; any afflictive evil or
torment; a great trail or vexation.
Shak.
And men blasphemed God for the plague of hail.
Wyclif.
The different plague of each calamity.
Shak.
2. (Med.) An acute malignant contagious
fever, that often prevails in Egypt, Syria, and Turkey, and has
at times visited the large cities of Europe with frightful
mortality; hence, any pestilence; as, the great London
plague. \'bdA plague upon the
people fell.\'b8
Tennyson.
Cattle plague. See Rinderpest.
-- Plague mark, Plague spot,
a spot or mark of the plague; hence, a token of something
incurable.
Plague, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Plagued (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Plaguing.] 1. To
infest or afflict with disease, calamity, or natural evil of any
kind.
Thus were they plagued
And worn with famine.
Milton.
2. Fig.: To vex; to tease; to harass.
She will plague the man that loves her most.
Spenser.
Syn. -- To vex; torment; distress; afflict; harass; annoy;
tease; tantalize; trouble; molest; embarrass; perplex.
Plague"ful (?), a. Abounding,
or infecting, with plagues; pestilential; as,
plagueful exhalations.
Plague"less, a. Free from plagues or the
plague.
Pla"guer (?), n. One who
plagues or annoys.
Pla"gui*ly (?), adv. In a
plaguing manner; vexatiously; extremely.
[Colloq.] \'bdRonsard is so plaguily
stiff and stately.\'b8
Landor.
Pla"guy (?), a. Vexatious;
troublesome; tormenting; as, a plaguy horse.
[Colloq.] Also used adverbially; as, \'bdHe is
so plaguy proud.\'b8
Shak.
Plaice (?), n. [F.
plaise, plais, prob. fr. L.
platessa flatish, plaice. See Place.]
(Zo\'94l.) (a) A European food fish
(Pleuronectes platessa), allied to the flounder, and
growing to the weight of eight or ten pounds or more.
(b) A large American flounder (Paralichthys
dentatus; called also brail,
puckermouth, and summer
flounder. The name is sometimes applied to other allied
species. [Written also plaise.]
Plaice mouth, a mouth like that of a plaice; a
small or wry mouth. [R.]
B. Jonson.
Plaid (?), n. [Gael.
plaide a blanket or plaid, contr. fr.
peallaid a sheepskin, fr. peall a skin or
hide. CF. Pillion.] 1. A rectangular
garment or piece of cloth, usually made of the checkered material
called tartan, but sometimes of plain gray, or gray with black
stripes. It is worn by both sexes in Scotland.
2. Goods of any quality or material of the pattern
of a plaid or tartan; a checkered cloth or pattern.
Plaid, a. Having a pattern or colors
which resemble a Scotch plaid; checkered or marked with bars or
stripes at right angles to one another; as, plaid
muslin.
Plaid"ed, a. 1. Of the material
of which plaids are made; tartan. \'bdIn plaided
vest.\'b8
Wordsworth.
2. Wearing a plaid.
Campbell.
Plaid"ing (?), n. Plaid
cloth.
Plain (?), v. i. [OE.
playne, pleyne, fr. F. plaindre.
See Plaint.] To lament; to bewail; to
complain. [Archaic & Poetic]
Milton.
We with piteous heart unto you pleyne.
Chaucer.
Plain, v. t. To lament; to mourn over;
as, to plain a loss. [Archaic &
Poetic]
Sir J. Harrington.
Plain, a. [Compar.
Plainer (?); superl.
Plainest.] [F., level, flat, fr. L.
planus, perhaps akin to E. floor. Cf.
Llano, Piano, Plan, Plane
level, a level surface.] 1. Without
elevations or depressions; flat; level; smooth; even. See
Plane.
The crooked shall be made straight, and the rough places
plain.
Isa. xl. 4.
2. Open; clear; unencumbered; equal; fair.
Our troops beat an army in plain fight.
Felton.
3. Not intricate or difficult; evident; manifest;
obvious; clear; unmistakable. \'bd'T is a plain
case.\'b8
Shak.
4. (a) Void of extraneous beauty or
ornament; without conspicious embellishment; not rich;
simple. (b) Not highly cultivated;
unsophisticated; free from show or pretension; simple; natural;
homely; common. \'bdPlain yet pious
Christians.\'b8 Hammond. \'bdThe plain
people.\'b8 A. Lincoln. (c) Free from
affectation or disguise; candid; sincere; artless; honest;
frank. \'bdAn honest mind, and plain.\'b8
Shak. (d) Not luxurious; not highly
seasoned; simple; as, plain food.
(e) Without beauty; not handsome; homely; as, a
plain woman. (f) Not
variegated, dyed, or figured; as, plain
muslin. (g) Not much varied by
modulations; as, a plain tune.
Plain battle, open battle; pitched battle.
[Obs.] Chaucer. -- Plain
chant (Mus.) Same as Plain
song, below. -- Plain chart
(Naut.), a chart laid down on Mercator's
projection. -- Plain dealer. (a) One
who practices plain dealing. (b) A
simpleton. [Obs.] Shak. --
Plain dealing. See under Dealing. --
Plain molding (Join.), molding of which
the surfaces are plain figures. -- Plain sewing,
sewing of seams by simple and common stitches, in distinct
from fancy work, embroidery, etc.; -- distinguished also from
designing and fitting garments. -- Plain song.
(a) The Gregorian chant, or canto
fermo; the prescribed melody of the Roman Catholic
service, sung in unison, in tones of equal length, and rarely
extending beyond the compass of an octave. (b)
A simple melody. -- Plain speaking,
plainness or bluntness of speech.
Syn. -- Level; flat; smooth; open; artless; unaffected;
undisguised; frank; sincere; honest; candid; ingenuous;
unembellished; downright; blunt; clear; simple; distinct;
manifest; obvious; apparent. See Manifest.
Plain, adv. In a plain manner;
plainly. \'bdTo speak short and pleyn.\'b8
Chaucer. \'bdTo tell you plain.\'b8
Shak.
Plain, n. [Cf. OF. plaigne,
F. plaine. See Plain, a.]
1. Level land; usually, an open field or a broad
stretch of land with an even surface, or a surface little varied
by inequalities; as, the plain of Jordan; the
American plains, or prairies.
Descending fro the mountain into playn.
Chaucer.
Him the Ammonite
Worshiped in Rabba and her watery plain.
Milton.
2. A field of battle. [Obs.]
Arbuthnot.
Lead forth my soldiers to the plain.
Shak.
Plain, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Plained (/); p. pr. & vb.
n. Plaining.] [Cf.
Plane, v.] 1. To plane or
level; to make plain or even on the surface.
[R.]
We would rake Europe rather, plain the East.
Wither.
2. To make plain or manifest; to explain.
What's dumb in show, I'll plain in speech.
Shak.
Plain"ant (?), n. [See 1st
Plain.] (Law) One who makes
complaint; the plaintiff. [Obs.]
Plain"-deal`ing (?), a.
Practicing plain dealing; artless. See Plain
dealing, under Dealing.
Shak.
Plain"-heart`ed (?), a. Frank;
sincere; artless. Milton. --
Plain"-heart`ed*ness,
n.
Plain"ing, n. Complaint.
[Poetic]
Shak.
Plain"ing, a. Complaining.
[Poetic]
Bryant.
Plain"-laid` (?), a.
(Naut.) Consisting of strands twisted together in
the ordinary way; as, a plain-laid rope. See
Illust. of Cordage.
Plain"ly, adv. In a plain manner;
clearly.
Plain"ness, n. The quality or state of
being plain.
Plains"man (?), n.; pl.
-men (/). One who lives in the
plains.
Plain"-spo`ken (?), a. Speaking
with plain, unreserved sincerity; also, spoken sincerely; as,
plain-spoken words.
Dryden.
Plaint (?), n. [OE.
plainte, pleynte, F. plainte,
fr. L. plangere, planctum
(plancta, fem. p.p.), to beat, beat the breast,
lament. Cf. Complain, Plague,
Plangent.] 1. Audible expression of
sorrow; lamentation; complaint; hence, a mournful song; a
lament. Chaucer.\'bdThe Psalmist's mournful
plaint.\'b8 Wordsworth.
2. An accusation or protest on account of an
injury.
There are three just grounds of war with Spain: one of
plaint, two upon defense.
Bacon.
3. (Law) A private memorial tendered to
a court, in which a person sets forth his cause of action; the
exhibiting of an action in writing.
Blackstone.
<-- p. 1094 -->
Plaint"ful (?), a. Containing a
plaint; complaining; expressing sorrow with an audible
voice. \'bdMy plaintful tongue.\'b8
Sir P. Sidney.
Plain"tiff (?), n. [F.
plaintif making complaint, plaintive; in Old French
equiv. to plaignant complainant, prosecutor, fr.
plaindre. See Plaint, and cf.
Plaintive.] (Law) One who
commences a personal action or suit to obtain a remedy for an
injury to his rights; -- opposed to defendant.
Plain"tiff, a. See
Plaintive. [Obs.]
Prior.
Plain"tive (?), a. [F.
plaintif. See Plaintiff, n.]
1. Repining; complaining; lamenting.
Dryden.
2. Expressive of sorrow or melancholy; mournful;
sad. \'bdThe most plaintive ditty.\'b8
Landor.
-- Plain"tive*ly, adv. --
Plain"tive*ness, n.
Plaint"less (?), a. Without
complaint; unrepining. \'bdPlaintless
patience.\'b8
Savage.
Plai`sance" (?), n. [F.]
See Pleasance.
Plaise (?), n. (Zo\'94l.)
See Plaice. [Obs.]
Plais"ter (?), n.
[Obs.] See Plaster.
Plait (?), n. [OE.
playte, OF. pleit, L. plicatum,
plicitum, p.p. of plicare to fold, akin to
plectere to plait. See Ply, and cf.
Plat to weave, Pleat, Plight
fold.] 1. A flat fold; a doubling, as of
cloth; a pleat; as, a box plait.
The plaits and foldings of the drapery.
Addison.
2. A braid, as of hair or straw; a plat.
Polish plait. (Med.) Same as
Plica.
Plait, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Plaited; p. pr. & vb. n.
Plaiting.] 1. To fold; to
double in narrow folds; to pleat; as, to plait a
ruffle.
2. To interweave the strands or locks of; to braid;
to plat; as, to plait hair; to plait
rope.
Plait"ed, a. Folded; doubled over;
braided; figuratively, involved; intricate; artful.
Time shall unfold what plaited cunning hides.
Shak.
Plait"er (?), n. One who, or
that which, plaits.
Plan (?), n. [F., fr. L.
planus flat, level. See Plain,
a.] 1. A draught or form;
properly, a representation drawn on a plane, as a map or a chart;
especially, a top view, as of a machine, or the representation or
delineation of a horizontal section of anything, as of a
building; a graphic representation; a diagram.
2. A scheme devised; a method of action or
procedure expressed or described in language; a project; as,
the plan of a constitution; the plan of an
expedition.
God's plans like lines pure and white unfold.
M. R. Smith.
3. A method; a way of procedure; a custom.
The simple plan,
That they should take who have the power,
And they should keep who can.
Wordsworth.
Body plan, Floor plan,
etc. See under Body, Floor, etc.
Syn. -- Scheme; draught; delineation; plot; sketch; project;
design; contrivance; device. See Scheme.
Plan, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Planned (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Planning.] 1. To form
a delineation of; to draught; to represent, as by a
diagram.
2. To scheme; to devise; to contrive; to form in
design; as, to plan the conquest of a
country.
Even in penance, planning sins anew.
Goldsmith.
\'d8Pla*na"ri*a (?), n.; pl. L.
Planari\'91 (#), E. -rias
(#). [NL. See Planary.]
(Zo\'94l.) Any species of turbellarian worms
belonging to Planaria, and many allied genera. The
body is usually flat, thin, and smooth. Some species, in warm
countries, are terrestrial.
Pla*na"ri*an (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) One of the Planarida, or
Dendroc\'d2la; any turbellarian worm. --
Pla*na"ri*an, a.
\'d8Pla*nar"i*da (?), n. pl.
[NL.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of
Turbellaria; the Dendroc\'d2la.
Pla*na"ri*oid (?), a.
[Planaria + -oid.]
(Zo\'94l.) Like the planarians.
Pla"na*ry (?), a. [L.
planarius level. See Plane,
a.] Of or pertaining to a plane.
[R.]
Planch (?), n. [F.
planche.] A plank.
[Obs.]
Ld. Berners.
Planch, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Planched (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Planching.] [F.
planche a board, plank. See Plank.]
To make or cover with planks or boards; to plank.
[Obs.] \'bdTo that vineyard is a planched
gate.\'b8
Shak.
Planch"er (?), n. [F.,
planche. See Planch.] 1.
A floor of wood; also, a plank. [Obs.]
Bacon.
2. (Arch.) The under side of a cornice;
a soffit.
Planch"er, v. t. To form of
planks. [Obs.]
Golding.
Planch"et (?), n. [F.
planchette a small board, dim. of planche.
See Planch.] A flat piece of metal;
especially, a disk of metal ready to be stamped as a coin.
Plan`chette" (?), n. [F. See
Planchet.] 1. A circumferentor. See
Circumferentor.
2. A small tablet of wood supported on casters and
having a pencil attached. The characters produced by the pencil
on paper, while the hand rests on the instrument and it is
allowed to move, are sometimes translated as of oracular or
supernatural import.
Planch"ing (?), n. The laying
of floors in a building; also, a floor of boards or planks.
Plane (?), n. [F., fr. L.
platanus, Gr. /, fr. / broad; -- so called on
account of its broad leaves and spreading form. See
Place, and cf. Platane, Plantain the
tree.] (Bot.) Any tree of the genus
Platanus.
Platanus orientalis)
is a native of Asia. It rises with a straight, smooth, branching
stem to a great height, with palmated leaves, and long pendulous
peduncles, sustaining several heads of small close-sitting
flowers. The seeds are downy, and collected into round, rough,
hard balls. The Occidental plane (Platanus
occidentalis), which grows to a great height, is a native
of North America, where it is popularly called
sycamore, buttonwood, and
buttonball, names also applied to the California
species (Platanus racemosa).
Plane (?), a. [L.
planus: cf. F. plan. See Plan,
a.] Without elevations or depressions;
even; level; flat; lying in, or constituting, a plane; as, a
plane surface.
plain)
is almost exclusively used to designate a flat or level
surface.
Plane angle, the angle included between two
straight lines in a plane. -- Plane chart,
Plane curve. See under Chart and
Curve. -- Plane figure, a figure all
points of which lie in the same plane. If bounded by straight
lines it is a rectilinear plane figure, if by curved
lines it is a curvilinear plane figure. --
Plane geometry, that part of geometry which treats
of the relations and properties of plane figures. --
Plane problem, a problem which can be solved
geometrically by the aid of the right line and circle only.
-- Plane sailing (Naut.), the method of
computing a ship's place and course on the supposition that the
earth's surface is a plane. -- Plane scale
(Naut.), a scale for the use of navigators, on
which are graduated chords, sines, tangents, secants, rhumbs,
geographical miles, etc. -- Plane surveying,
surveying in which the curvature of the earth is disregarded;
ordinary field and topographical surveying of tracts of moderate
extent. -- Plane table, an instrument used
for plotting the lines of a survey on paper in the field. --
Plane trigonometry, the branch of trigonometry in
which its principles are applied to plane triangles.
Plane, n. [F. plane, L.
plana. See Plane, v. &
a.] 1. (Geom.) A
surface, real or imaginary, in which, if any two points are
taken, the straight line which joins them lies wholly in that
surface; or a surface, any section of which by a like surface is
a straight line; a surface without curvature.
2. (Astron.) An ideal surface, conceived
as coinciding with, or containing, some designated astronomical
line, circle, or other curve; as, the plane of an
orbit; the plane of the ecliptic, or of the
equator.
3. (Mech.) A block or plate having a
perfectly flat surface, used as a standard of flatness; a surface
plate.
4. (Joinery) A tool for smoothing boards
or other surfaces of wood, for forming moldings, etc. It consists
of a smooth-soled stock, usually of wood, from the under side or
face of which projects slightly the steel cutting edge of a
chisel, called the iron, which inclines backward, with
an apperture in front for the escape of shavings; as, the
jack plane; the smoothing plane; the molding
plane, etc.
Objective plane (Surv.), the
horizontal plane upon which the object which is to be delineated,
or whose place is to be determined, is supposed to stand. --
Perspective plane. See Perspective.
-- Plane at infinity (Geom.), a plane
in which points infinitely distant are conceived as
situated. -- Plane iron, the cutting chisel
of a joiner's plane. -- Plane of polarization.
(Opt.) See Polarization. --
Plane of projection. (a) The plane on
which the projection is made, corresponding to the
perspective plane in perspective; -- called also
principal plane. (b) (Descriptive
Geom.) One of the planes to which points are referred
for the purpose of determining their relative position in
space. -- Plane of refraction reflection (Opt.), the plane in
which lie both the incident ray and the refracted or reflected
ray.
Plane, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Planed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Planing.] [Cf. F. planer, L.
planare, fr. planus. See Plane,
a., Plain, a., and cf.
Planish.] 1. To make smooth; to
level; to pare off the inequalities of the surface of, as of a
board or other piece of wood, by the use of a plane; as, to
plane a plank.
2. To efface or remove.
He planed away the names . . . written on his
tables.
Chaucer.
3. Figuratively, to make plain or smooth.
[R.]
What student came but that you planed her path.
Tennyson.
Plane`-par"al*lel (?), a.
(Optics) Having opposite surfaces exactly plane
and parallel, as a piece of glass.
Plan"er (?), n. 1. One
who, or that which, planes; a planing machine; esp., a machine
for planing wood or metals.
2. (Print.) A wooden block used for
forcing down the type in a form, and making the surface
even.
Hansard.
Planer centers. See under
Center.
Plan"er tree` (?). [From
J.S.Planer, a German botanist.]
(Bot.) A small-leaved North American tree
(Planera aquatica) related to the elm, but having a
wingless, nutlike fruit.
Plan"et (?), n. [OE.
planete, F. plan\'8ate, L.
planeta, fr. Gr. /, and / a planet; prop.
wandering, fr. / to wander, fr. / a wandering.]
1. (Astron.) A celestial body which
revolves about the sun in an orbit of a moderate degree of
eccentricity. It is distinguished from a comet by the
absence of a coma, and by having a less eccentric orbit. See
Solar system.
planet was first used to
distinguish those stars which have an apparent motion through the
constellations from the fixed stars, which retain
their relative places unchanged. The inferior planets
are Mercury and Venus, which are nearer to the sun than is the
earth; the superior planets are Mars, the asteroids,
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune, which are farther from the
sun than is the earth. Primary planets are those which
revolve about the sun; secondary planets, or
moons, are those which revolve around the primary
planets as satellites, and at the same time revolve with them
about the sun.
2. A star, as influencing the fate of a men.
There's some ill planet reigns.
Shak.
Planet gear. (Mach.) See
Epicyclic train, under Epicyclic. --
Planet wheel, a gear wheel which revolves around
the wheel with which it meshes, in an epicyclic train.
Plane" ta`ble (?). See under
Plane, a.
Plan`e*ta"ri*um (?), n. [NL.:
cf. F. plan\'82taire. See Planetary.]
An orrery. See Orrery.
<-- since the 1930's, orrery has retained its original meaning,
but planetarium now refers primarily to a room with a dome-shaped
roof, in which images of the night sky are projected from a
central projector. The projector itself is also called a
planetarium. -->
Plan"et*a*ry (?), a. [Cf. L.
planetarius an astrologer, F. plan\'82taire
planetary. See Planet.] 1. Of or
pertaining to the planets; as, planetary
inhabitants; planetary motions; planetary
year.
2. Consisting of planets; as, a
planetary system.
3. (Astrol.) Under the dominion or
influence of a planet. \'bdSkilled in the
planetary hours.\'b8
Drayton.
4. Caused by planets. \'bdA
planetary plague.\'b8
Shak.
5. Having the nature of a planet; erratic;
revolving; wandering. \'bdErratical and
planetary life.\'b8
Fuller.
Planetary days, the days of the week as shared
among the planets known to the ancients, each having its day.
Hutton. -- Planetary nebula, a
nebula exhibiting a uniform disk, like that of a
planet.
Plan"et*ed, a. Belonging to
planets. [R.]
Young.
{ Pla*net"ic (?), Pla*net"ic*al
(?), } a. [L.
planeticus, Gr. /.] Of or pertaining to
planets.
Sir T. Browne.
Plan"et*oid (?), n.
[Planet + -oid.]
(Astron.) A body resembling a planet; an
asteroid.
Plan"et*oid*al (?), a.
Pertaining to a planetoid.
Plane" tree` (?). (Bot.) Same
as 1st Plane.
{ Plan"et-strick`en (?),
Plan"et-struck` (?), } a.
Affected by the influence of planets; blasted.
Milton.
Like planet-stricken men of yore
He trembles, smitten to the core
By strong compunction and remorse.
Wordsworth.
Plan"et*ule (?), n. A little
planet. [R.]
Conybeare.
Plan"gen*cy (?), n. The quality
or state of being plangent; a beating sound.
[R.]
Plan"gent (?), a. [L.
plangens, -entis, fr. plangere
to beat. See Plaint.] Beating; dashing, as a
wave. [R.] \'bdThe plangent
wave.\'b8
H. Taylor.
{ Plan"i- (?), Plan"o-
(?) }. [L. planus. See
Plane, a.] Combining forms
signifying flat, level, plane;
as planifolious, planimetry,
plano-concave.
Plan`i*fo"li*ous (?), a.
[Plani- + L. folium leaf.]
(Bot.) Flat-leaved.
Plan"i*form (?), a.
(Anat.) Having a plane surface; as, a
planiform, gliding, or arthrodial
articulation.
Pla*nim"e*ter (?), n.
[Plani- + -meter. Cf.
Planometer.] An instrument for measuring the
area of any plane figure, however irregular, by passing a tracer
around the bounding line; a platometer.
{ Plan`i*met"ric (?; 277),
Plan`i*met"ric*al (?), } a.
[Cf. F. planim\'82trique.] Of or
pertaining to planimetry.
Pla*nim"e*try (?), n. [Cf. F.
planim\'82trie.] The mensuration of plane
surfaces; -- distinguished from stereometry, or the
mensuration of volumes.
Plan"ing (?), a. & vb. n. fr.
Plane, v. t.
Planing machine. (a) See
Planer. (b) A complex machine for
planing wood, especially boards, containing usually a rapidly
revolving cutter, which chips off the surface in small shavings
as the piece to be planed is passed under it by feeding
apparatus.
Pla`ni*pen"nate (?), a. Of or
pertaining to Planipennia.
\'d8Pla`ni*pen"ni*a (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. L. planus plane + penna
wing.] (Zo\'94l.) A suborder of Neuroptera,
including those that have broad, flat wings, as the ant-lion,
lacewing, etc. Called also Planipennes.
Plan`i*pet"al*ous (?), a.
[Plani- + petal.]
(Bot.) Having flat petals.
Plan"ish (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Planished
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Planishing.] [OF. planir, F.
planer. See Plane, v., and
-ish.] To make smooth or plane, as a metallic
surface; to condense, toughen, and polish by light blows with a
hammer.
Plan"ish*er (?), n. One who, or
that which, planishes.
Weale.
Plan"ish*ing, a. & vb. n. from
Planish, v. t.
Planishing rolls (Coining), rolls
between which metal strips are passed while cold, to bring them
to exactly the required thickness.
Plan"i*sphere (?), n.
[Plani- + sphere: cf. F.
planisph\'8are. See Plain, and
Sphere.] The representation of the circles of
the sphere upon a plane; especially, a representation of the
celestial sphere upon a plane with adjustable circles, or other
appendages, for showing the position of the heavens, the time of
rising and setting of stars, etc., for any given date or
hour.
Plan`i*spher"ic (?), a. Of or
pertaining to a planisphere.
Plank (?), n. [OE.
planke, OF. planque, planche, F.
planche, fr. L. planca; cf. Gr. /, /,
anything flat and broad. Cf. Planch.] 1.
A broad piece of sawed timber, differing from a board only
in being thicker. See Board.
2. Fig.: That which supports or upholds, as a board
does a swimmer.
His charity is a better plank than the faith of an
intolerant and bitter-minded bigot.
Southey.
3. One of the separate articles in a declaration of
the principles of a party or cause; as, a plank in
the national platform. [Cant]
Plank road, Plank
way, a road surface formed of planks.
[U.S.] -- To walk the plank, to walk
along a plank laid across the bulwark of a ship, until one
overbalances it and falls into the sea; -- a method of disposing
of captives practiced by pirates.
<-- p. 1095 -->
Plank (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Planked
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Planking.] 1. To cover or lay
with planks; as, to plank a floor or a
ship. \'bdPlanked with pine.\'b8
Dryden.
2. To lay down, as on a plank or table; to stake or
pay cash; as, to plank money in a wager.
[Colloq. U.S.]
3. To harden, as hat bodies, by felting.
4. (Wooden Manuf.) To splice together
the ends of slivers of wool, for subsequent drawing.
Planked shad, shad split open, fastened to a
plank, and roasted before a wood fire.
Plank"ing, n. 1. The act of
laying planks; also, planks, collectively; a series of planks in
place, as the wooden covering of the frame of a vessel.
2. The act of splicing slivers. See Plank,
v. t., 4.
Plank"-sheer` (?), n.
(Shipbuilding) The course of plank laid
horizontally over the timberheads of a vessel's frame.
Plan"less (?), a. Having no
plan.
Plan"ner (?), n. One who plans;
a projector.
Pla"no- (?). See Plani-.
Plan"o*blast (?), n. [Gr. /
to wander + -blast.] (Zo\'94l.)
Any free-swimming gonophore of a hydroid; a hydroid
medusa.
Pla"no-con"cave (?), a.
[Plano- + concave.] Plane
or flat on one side, and concave on the other; as, a
plano-concave lens. See Lens.
Pla"no-con"ic*al (?), a.
[Plano- + conical.] Plane
or flat on one side, and conical on the other.
Grew.
Pla"no-con"vex (?), a.
[Plano- + convex.] Plane or
flat on one side, and convex on the other; as, a
plano-convex lens. See Convex, and
Lens.
Pla"no-hor`i*zon"tal (?), a.
[Plano- + horizontal.]
Having a level horizontal surface or position.
Lee.
Pla*nom"e*ter (?), n.
[Plano- + -meter. Cf.
Planimeter.] An instrument for gauging or
testing a plane surface. See Surface gauge, under
Surface.
Pla*nom"e*try (?), n.
(Mech.) The art or process of producing or
gauging a plane surface.
Pla"no-or*bic"u*lar (?), a.
[Plano- + orbicular.] Plane
or flat on one side, and spherical on the other.
\'d8Pla*nor"bis (?), n. [NL.,
fr. L. planus flat + orbis a circle.]
(Zo\'94l.) Any fresh-water air-breathing mollusk
belonging to Planorbis and other allied genera, having
shells of a discoidal form.
Pla"no-su"bu*late (?), a.
[Plano- + subulate.] Smooth
and awl-shaped. See Subulate.
Plant (?), n. [AS.
plante, L. planta.] 1.
A vegetable; an organized living being, generally without
feeling and voluntary motion, and having, when complete, a root,
stem, and leaves, though consisting sometimes only of a single
leafy expansion, or a series of cellules, or even a single
cellule.
ph\'91nogamous or
flowering plants, which have true flowers and seeds,
and cryptogamous or flowerless plants,
which have no flowers, and reproduce by minute one-celled spores.
In both series are minute and simple forms and others of great
size and complexity.
As to their mode of nutrition, plants may be considered as
self-supporting and dependent.
Self-supporting plants always contain chlorophyll, and
subsist on air and moisture and the matter dissolved in moisture,
and as a general rule they excrete oxygen, and use the carbonic
acid to combine with water and form the material for their
tissues. Dependent plants comprise all fungi and many
flowering plants of a parasitic or saprophytic nature. As a rule,
they have no chlorophyll, and subsist mainly or wholly on matter
already organized, thus utilizing carbon compounds already
existing, and not excreting oxygen. But there are plants which
are partly dependent and partly self-supporting.
The movements of climbing plants, of some insectivorous
plants, of leaves, stamens, or pistils in certain plants, and the
ciliary motion of zo\'94spores, etc., may be considered a kind of
voluntary motion.
2. A bush, or young tree; a sapling; hence, a stick
or staff. \'bdA plant of stubborn oak.\'b8
Dryden.
3. The sole of the foot. [R.]
\'bdKnotty legs and plants of clay.\'b8
B. Jonson.
4. (Com.) The whole machinery and
apparatus employed in carrying on a trade or mechanical business;
also, sometimes including real estate, and whatever represents
investment of capital in the means of carrying on a business, but
not including material worked upon or finished products; as,
the plant of a foundry, a mill, or a
railroad.
5. A plan; an artifice; a swindle; a trick.
[Slang]
It was n't a bad plant, that of mine, on Fikey.
Dickens.
6. (Zo\'94l.) (a) An oyster
which has been bedded, in distinction from one of natural
growth. (b) A young oyster suitable for
transplanting. [Local, U.S.]
<-- a person who joins a group, to spy on them on behalf of
another person or group -->
Plant bug (Zo\'94l.), any one of
numerous hemipterous insects which injure the foliage of plants,
as Lygus lineolaris, which damages wheat and
trees. -- Plant cutter (Zo\'94l.),
a South American passerine bird of the genus
Phytotoma, family Phytotomid\'91. It has a
serrated bill with which it cuts off the young shoots and buds of
plants, often doing much injury. -- Plant louse
(Zo\'94l.), any small hemipterous insect which
infests plants, especially those of the families
Aphid\'91 and Psyllid\'91; an
aphid.
Plant (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Planted; p. pr.
& vb. n. Planting.] [AS.
plantian, L. plantare. See Plant,
n.] 1. To put in the ground and
cover, as seed for growth; as, to plant
maize.
2. To set in the ground for growth, as a young
tree, or a vegetable with roots.
Thou shalt not plant thee a grove of any trees.
Deut. xvi. 21.
3. To furnish, or fit out, with plants; as, to
plant a garden, an orchard, or a forest.
4. To engender; to generate; to set the germ
of.
It engenders choler, planteth anger.
Shak.
5. To furnish with a fixed and organized
population; to settle; to establish; as, to plant a
colony.
Planting of countries like planting of woods.
Bacon.
6. To introduce and establish the principles or
seeds of; as, to plant Christianity among the
heathen.
7. To set firmly; to fix; to set and direct, or
point; as, to plant cannon against a fort; to
plant a standard in any place; to plant one's
feet on solid ground; to plant one's fist in another's
face.
8. To set up; to install; to instate.
We will plant some other in the throne.
Shak.
Plant, v. i. To perform the act of
planting.
I have planted; Apollos watered.
1 Cor. iii. 6.
Plant"a*ble (?), a. Capable of
being planted; fit to be planted.
B. Edwards.
Plant"age (?), n. A word used
once by Shakespeare to designate plants in general, or anything
that is planted.
As true as steel, as plantage to the moon.
Shak. (Troil. iii. sc. 2).
Plan"tain (?), n. [Cf. F.
plantain-arbre, plantanier, Sp.
pl\'a0ntano, pl\'a0tano; prob. same word as
plane tree.] 1. (Bot.)
A treelike perennial herb (Musa paradisiaca) of
tropical regions, bearing immense leaves and large clusters of
the fruits called plantains. See Musa.
<-- a type of banana -->
2. The fruit of this plant. It is long and somewhat
cylindrical, slightly curved, and, when ripe, soft, fleshy, and
covered with a thick but tender yellowish skin. The plantain is a
staple article of food in most tropical countries, especially
when cooked.<-- resembling the banana of commerce, but
smaller -->
Plantain cutter, Plantain
eater (Zo\'94l.), any one of several
large African birds of the genus Musophaga, or family
Musophagid\'91, especially Musophaga
violacea. See Turaco. They are allied to the
cuckoos. -- Plantain squirrel
(Zo\'94l.), a Java squirrel (Sciurus
plantani) which feeds upon plantains. -- Plantain
tree (Bot.), the treelike herb Musa
paradisiaca. See def. 1 (above).
Plan"tain, n. [F., fr. L.
plantago. Cf. Plant.] (Bot.)
Any plant of the genus Plantago, but especially
the P. major, a low herb with broad spreading radical
leaves, and slender spikes of minute flowers. It is a native of
Europe, but now found near the abode of civilized man in nearly
all parts of the world.
Indian plantain. (Bot.) See under
Indian. -- Mud plantain, a homely
North American aquatic plant (Heteranthera
reniformis), having broad, reniform leaves. --
Rattlesnake plantain, an orchidaceous plant
(Goodyera pubescens), with the leaves blotched and
spotted with white. -- Ribwort plantain. See
Ribwort. -- Robin's plantain, the
Erigeron bellidifolium, a common daisylike plant of
North America. -- Water plantain, a plant of
the genus Alisma, having acrid leaves, and formerly
regarded as a specific against hydrophobia.
Loudon.
Plant"al (?), a. [L.
planta a plant.] Belonging to plants;
as, plantal life. [Obs.]
Dr. H. More.
Plan"tar (?), a. [L.
plantaris, fr. planta the sole of the
foot.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the sole
of the foot; as, the plantar arteries.
Plan*ta"tion (?), n. [L.
plantatio: cf. F. plantation.]
1. The act or practice of planting, or setting in
the earth for growth. [R.]
2. The place planted; land brought under
cultivation; a piece of ground planted with trees or useful
plants; esp., in the United States and West Indies, a large
estate appropriated to the production of the more important
crops, and cultivated by laborers who live on the estate; as,
a cotton plantation; a coffee
plantation.
3. An original settlement in a new country; a
colony.
While these plantations were forming in
Connecticut.
B. Trumbull.
Plant"-cane` (?), n. A stalk or
shoot of sugar cane of the first growth from the cutting. The
growth of the second and following years is of inferior quality,
and is called rattoon.
Plant"-eat`ing (?), a. Eating,
or subsisting on, plants; as, a plant-eating
beetle.
Plant"ed (?), a.
(Joinery) Fixed in place, as a projecting member
wrought on a separate piece of stuff; as, a planted
molding.
Plant"er (?), n. 1.
One who, or that which, plants or sows; as, a
planterof corn; a machine planter.
2. One who owns or cultivates a plantation; as,
a sugar planter; a coffee planter.
3. A colonist in a new or uncultivated territory;
as, the first planters in Virginia.
<-- a movable box or a fixed low, open structure, as of brick, in
which plants are grown for decorative purposes. -->
Plant"er*ship, n. The occupation or
position of a planter, or the management of a plantation, as in
the United States or the West Indies.
Plant"i*cle (?), n. [Dim. of
Plant.] A young plant, or plant in
embryo.
E. Darwin.
\'d8Plan`ti*gra"da (?), n. pl.
[NL.] (Zo\'94l.) A subdivision of
Carnivora having plantigrade feet. It includes the bears,
raccoons, and allied species.
Plan"ti*grade (?), a. [L.
planta sole of the foot + gradi to walk:
cf. F. plantigrade.] (Zo\'94l.)
(a) Walking on the sole of the foot; pertaining to
the plantigrades. (b) Having the foot so
formed that the heel touches the ground when the leg is
upright.
Plan"ti*grade, n. (Zo\'94l.)
A plantigrade animal, or one that walks or steps on the sole
of the foot, as man, and the bears.
Plant"ing (?), n. 1.
The act or operation of setting in the ground for
propagation, as seeds, trees, shrubs, etc.; the forming of
plantations, as of trees; the carrying on of plantations, as of
sugar, coffee, etc.
2. That which is planted; a plantation.
Trees of righteousness, the planting of the
Lord.
Isa. lxi. 3.
3. (Arch.) The laying of the first
courses of stone in a foundation. [Eng.]
Plant"less, a. Without plants; barren of
vegetation.
Plant"let, n. A little plant.
Plan*toc"ra*cy (?), n.
[Planter + -cracy, as in
democracy.] Government by planters;
planters, collectively. [R.]
Plant"ule (?), n. [F., dim. of
plante a plant, L. planta.]
(Bot.) The embryo which has begun its development
in the act of germination.
\'d8Plan"u*la (?), n.; pl.
Planul\'91 (#). [L., a little
plane.] 1. (Biol.) In embryonic
development, a vesicle filled with fluid, formed from the morula
by the divergence of its cells in such a manner as to give rise
to a central space, around which the cells arrange themselves as
an envelope; an embryonic form intermediate between the morula
and gastrula. Sometimes used as synonymous with
gastrula.<-- now usu. gastrula -->
2. (Zo\'94l.) The very young,
free-swimming larva of the c\'d2lenterates. It usually has a
flattened oval or oblong form, and is entirely covered with
cilia.
Planx"ty (?), n. [Cf. L.
plangere to mourn aloud.] (Mus.)
An Irish or Welsh melody for the harp, sometimes of a
mournful character.
Plaque (?), n. [F. Cf.
Plack, and see Placard.] Any flat,
thin piece of metal, clay, ivory, or the like, used for ornament,
or for painting pictures upon, as a slab, plate, dish, or the
like, hung upon a wall; also, a smaller decoration worn on the
person, as a brooch.
Plash (?), n. [OD.
plasch. See Plash, v.]
1. A small pool of standing water; a puddle.
Bacon. \'bdThese shallow plashes.\'b8
Barrow.
2. A dash of water; a splash.
Plash, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Plashed (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Plashing.] [Cf. D.
plassen, G. platschen. Cf.
Splash.] To dabble in water; to splash.
\'bdPlashing among bedded pebbles.\'b8
Keats.
Far below him plashed the waters.
Longfellow.
Plash, v. t. 1. To splash, as
water.
2. To splash or sprinkle with coloring matter;
as, to plash a wall in imitation of
granite.
Plash, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Plashed (/); p. pr. & vb.
n. Plashing.] [OF.
plaissier, plessier, to bend. Cf.
Pleach.] To cut partly, or to bend and
intertwine the branches of; as, to plash a
hedge.
Evelyn.
Plash, n. The branch of a tree partly
cut or bent, and bound to, or intertwined with, other
branches.
Plash"et (?), n.
[Plash + -et.] A small pond
or pool; a puddle.
Plash"ing, n. 1. The cutting or
bending and intertwining the branches of small trees, as in
hedges.
2. The dashing or sprinkling of coloring matter on
the walls of buildings, to imitate granite, etc.
Plash"oot (?), n. A hedge or
fence formed of branches of trees interlaced, or
plashed. [Obs.]
Carew.
Plash"y (?), a. [From 1st
Plash.] 1. Watery; abounding with
puddles; splashy. \'bdPlashy fens.\'b8
Milton. \'bdThe plashy earth.\'b8
Wordsworth.
2. Specked, as if plashed with color.
Keats.
Plasm (?), n. [L.
plasma anything formed or molded, that which is
molded, Gr. /, /, from / to form, mold: cf. F.
plasme. Cf. Plasma.] 1. A
mold or matrix in which anything is cast or formed to a
particular shape. [R.]
Woodward.
2. (Biol.) Same as
Plasma.
Plas"ma (?), n. [See
Plasm.] 1. (Min.) A
variety of quartz, of a color between grass green and leek green,
which is found associated with common chalcedony. It was much
esteemed by the ancients for making engraved ornaments.
2. (Biol.) The viscous material of an
animal or vegetable cell, out of which the various tissues are
formed by a process of differentiation; protoplasm.
3. Unorganized material; elementary matter.
4. (Med.) A mixture of starch and
glycerin, used as a substitute for ointments.
U. S. Disp.
<-- = blood plasma -->
<-- 6. (physics) a state of matter in which charged particles
have sufficient energy to move freely, rather than bound in atoms
as in ordinary matter; it has some of the properties of a gas,
but is a conductor of electricity; plasmas are found naturally in
the atmosphere of stars, and can be created in special laboratory
apparatus -->
Blood plasma (Physiol.), the
colorless fluid of the blood, in which the red and white blood
corpuscles are suspended. -- Muscle plasma
(Physiol.), the fundamental part of muscle fibers,
a thick, viscid, albuminous fluid contained within the
sarcolemma, which on the death of the muscle coagulates to a
semisolid mass.
<-- p. 1096 -->
{ Plas*mat"ic (?), Plas*mat"ic*al
(?), } a. [Gr. /.]
1. Forming; shaping; molding.
[Obs.]
Dr. H. More.
2. (Biol.) Of or pertaining to plasma;
having the character of plasma; containing, or conveying,
plasma.
Plas*ma"tion (?), n. [L.
plasmatio.] The act of forming or
molding. [R.]
Grafton.
Plas*ma"tor (?), n. [L.]
A former; a fashioner. [R.] \'bdThe
sovereign plasmator, God Almighty.\'b8
Urquhart.
Plas"ma*ture (?), n. Form;
mold. [R.]
Plas"mic (?), a. Of, pertaining
to, or connected with, plasma; plasmatic.
<-- Plasmid, n. A piece of DNA, usually circular,
functioning as part of the genetic material of a cell, not
integrated with the chromosome and replicating independently of
the chromosome, but transferred, like the chromosome, to
subsequent generations. In bacteria, plasmids often carry the
genes for antibiotic resistance; they are exploited in genetic
engineering as the vehicles for introduction of extraneous DNA
into cells, to alter the genetic makeup of the cell. The cells
thus altered may produce desirable proteins which are extracted
and used; in the case of genetically altered plant cells, the
altered cells may grow into complete plants with changed
properties, as for example, increased resistance to disease.
. -->
Plas"min (?), n. (Physiol.
Chem.) A proteid body, separated by some physiologists
from blood plasma. It is probably identical with
fibrinogen.
Plas*mo"di*al (?), a.
(Biol.) Of or pertaining to, or like, a
plasmodium; as, the plasmodial form of a life
cycle.
\'d8Plas*mo"di*um (?), n.; pl.
Plasmodia (#). [NL. See
Plasma.] 1. (Biol.) A
jellylike mass of free protoplasm, without any union of
am\'d2boid cells, and endowed with life and power of
motion.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A naked mobile mass of
protoplasm, formed by the union of several am\'d2balike young,
and constituting one of the stages in the life cycle of Mycetozoa
and other low organisms.
<-- (a) a genus of microorganisms (b) an individual malarial
parasite cell. -->
Plas"mo*gen (?), n.
[Plasma + -gen.]
(Biol.) The important living portion of
protoplasm, considered a chemical substance of the highest
elaboration. Germ plasm and idioplasm are forms of
plasmogen.
\'d8Plas"son (?), n. [NL., fr.
Gr. / to form.] (Biol.) The albuminous
material composing the body of a cytode.
Haeckel.
Plas"ter (?), n. [AS., a
plaster (in sense 1), fr. L. emplastrum, Gr. /, /,
fr. / to daub on, stuff in; / in + / to mold: cf. OF.
plastre a plaster (in sense 2), F.
pl\'83tre. Cf. Plastic, Emplaster,
Piaster.] [Formerly written also
plaister.] 1. (Med.)
An external application of a consistency harder than
ointment, prepared for use by spreading it on linen, leather,
silk, or other material. It is adhesive at the ordinary
temperature of the body, and is used, according to its
composition, to produce a medicinal effect, to bind parts
together, etc.; as, a porous plaster; sticking
plaster.
2. A composition of lime, water, and sand, with or
without hair as a bond, for coating walls, ceilings, and
partitions of houses. See Mortar.
3. Calcined gypsum, or plaster of Paris, especially
when ground, as used for making ornaments, figures, moldings,
etc.; or calcined gypsum used as a fertilizer.
Plaster cast, a copy of an object obtained by
pouring plaster of Paris mixed with water into a mold. --
Plaster of Paris. [So called because originally
brought from a suburb of Paris.] (Chem.)
Anhydrous calcium sulphate, or calcined gypsum, which forms
with water a paste which soon sets or hardens, and is used for
casts, moldings, etc. The term is loosely applied to any plaster
stone or species of gypsum. -- Plaster of Paris
bandage (Surg.), a bandage saturated with a
paste of plaster of Paris, which on drying forms a perfectly
fitting splint.<-- = plaster cast, cast --> -- Plaster
stone, any species of gypsum. See
Gypsum.
Plas"ter, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Plastered (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Plastering.] [Cf. OF.
plastrer to plaster (in sense 2), F.
pl\'83trer.] 1. To cover with a
plaster, as a wound or sore.
2. To overlay or cover with plaster, as the
ceilings and walls of a house.
3. Fig.: To smooth over; to cover or conceal the
defects of; to hide, as with a covering of plaster.
Bale.
Plas"ter*er (?), n. 1.
One who applies plaster or mortar. \'bdThy father was
a plasterer.\'b8
Shak.
2. One who makes plaster casts. \'bdThe
plasterer doth make his figures by addition.\'b8
Sir H. Wotton.
Plas"ter*ing, n. 1. Same as
Plaster, n., 2.
2. The act or process of overlaying with
plaster.
3. A covering of plaster; plasterwork.
Plas"ter*ly, a. Resembling plaster of
Paris. [R.] \'bdOut of gypseous or
plasterly ground.\'b8
Fuller.
Plas"ter*work` (?), n.
Plastering used to finish architectural constructions,
exterior or interior, especially that used for the lining of
rooms. Ordinarly, mortar is used for the greater part of the
work, and pure plaster of Paris for the moldings and
ornaments.
Plas"ter*y, a. Of the nature of
plaster.
The stone . . . is a poor plastery material.
Clough.
-plas"tic (?). [Gr. / fit for molding,
plastic, fr. / to mold, to form.] A combining form
signifying developing, forming,
growing; as, heteroplastic,
monoplastic, polyplastic.
Plas"tic (?), a. [L.
plasticus, Gr. /, fr. / to form, mold: cf. F.
plastique.] 1. Having the power to
give form or fashion to a mass of matter; as, the
plastic hand of the Creator.
Prior.
See plastic Nature working to his end.
Pope.
2. Capable of being molded, formed, or modeled, as
clay or plaster; -- used also figuratively; as, the
plastic mind of a child.
3. Pertaining or appropriate to, or characteristic
of, molding or modeling; produced by, or appearing as if produced
by, molding or modeling; -- said of sculpture and the kindred
arts, in distinction from painting and the graphic arts.
Medallions . . . fraught with the plastic beauty
and grace of the palmy days of Italian art.
J. S. Harford.
<-- composed of a plastic substance -->
Plastic clay (Geol.), one of the
beds of the Eocene period; -- so called because used in making
pottery. Lyell. -- Plastic element
(Physiol.), one that bears within the germs of a
higher form. -- Plastic exudation
(Med.), an exudation thrown out upon a wounded
surface and constituting the material of repair by which the
process of healing is effected. -- Plastic foods.
(Physiol.) See the second Note under
Food. -- Plastic force.
(Physiol.) See under Force. --
Plastic operation, an operation in plastic
surgery. -- Plastic surgery, that branch of
surgery which is concerned with the repair or restoration of
lost, injured, or deformed parts of the body.
<-- plastic, n. a substance composed predominantly of a
synthetic organic high polymer capable of being cast or molded;
many varieties of plastic are used to produce articles of
commerce (after 1900). [MW10 gives origin of word as 1905]
-->
Plas"tic*al (?), a. See
Plastic. [R.]
Plas"tic*al*ly, adv. In a plastic
manner.
Plas*tic"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F.
plasticit\'82.] 1. The quality or
state of being plastic.
2. (Physiol.) Plastic force.
Dunglison.
{ Plas"tid (?), Plas"tide
(?), } n. [Gr. /, /, a
creator.] 1. (Biol.) A formative
particle of albuminous matter; a monad; a cytode. See the Note
under Morphon.
Haeckel.
2. (Bot.) One of the many minute
granules found in the protoplasm of vegetable cells. They are
divided by their colors into three classes, chloroplastids,
chromoplastids, and leucoplastids.
\'d8Plas`ti*do*zo"a (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. /, /, creator + / animal.]
(Zo\'94l.) Same as Protoza.
Plas"ti*dule (?), n. [Dim. fr.
Plastid.] (Biol.) One of the small
particles or organic molecules of protoplasm.
Haeckel.
Plas"tin (?), n. [Gr. / to
form, mold.] (Biol.) A substance associated
with nuclein in cell nuclei, and by some considered as the
fundamental substance of the nucleus.
Plas*tog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr.
/; / fored, molded + / to write.] 1.
The art of forming figures in any plastic material.
2. Imitation of handwriting; forgery.
Plas"tron (?), n. [F.
plastron breastplate, plastron, LL. plastra
a thin plate of metal. See Plaster.] 1.
A piece of leather stuffed or padded, worn by fencers to
protect the breast.
Dryden.
3. (Anc. Armor) An iron breastplate,
worn under the hauberk.
3. (Anat.) The ventral shield or shell
of tortoises and turtles. See Testudinata.
4. A trimming for the front of a woman's dress,
made of a different material, and narrowing from the shoulders to
the waist.
-plas"ty (?). [Gr. / to mold,
form.] A combining form denoting the act or
process of forming, development,
growth; as, autoplasty,
perineoplasty.
Plat (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Platted; p. pr.
& vb. n. Platting.] [See
Plait.] To form by interlaying interweaving;
to braid; to plait. \'bdThey had platted a crown
of thorns.\'b8
Matt. xxvii. 29.
Plat, n. Work done by platting or
braiding; a plait.
Her hair, nor loose, nor tied in formal plat.
Shak.
Plat, n. [Cf. Plat flat, which
perh. caused this spelling, and Plot a piece of
ground.] A small piece or plot of ground laid out with
some design, or for a special use; usually, a portion of flat,
even ground.
This flowery plat, the sweet recess of Eve.
Milton.
I keep smooth plat of fruitful ground.
Tennyson.
Plat, v. t. To lay out in plats or
plots, as ground.
Plat, a. [F. plat. See
Plate, n.] Plain; flat;
level. [Obs.]
Gower.
Plat, adv. 1. Plainly; flatly;
downright. [Obs.]
But, sir, ye lie, I tell you plat.
Rom. of R.
2. Flatly; smoothly; evenly.
[Obs.]
Drant.
Plat, n. 1. The flat or broad
side of a sword. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
Chaucer.
2. A plot; a plan; a design; a diagram; a map; a
chart. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] \'bdTo note all
the islands, and to set them down in plat.\'b8
Hakluyt.
Plat"an (?), n. [L.
platanus. See Plane the tree.]
[Written also platane.] The plane
tree.
Tennyson.
Plat"a*nist (?), n. [L.
platanista a sort of fish, Gr. /: cf. F.
plataniste.] (Zo\'94l.) The
soosoo.
\'d8Plat"a*nus (?), n. [See
Plane the tree.] (Bot.) A genus of
trees; the plane tree.
Plat"band` (?), n. [F.
plate-bande; plat, plate, flat,
level + bande a band.] 1. A border
of flowers in a garden, along a wall or a parterre; hence, a
border.
2. (Arch.) (a) A flat molding,
or group of moldings, the width of which much exceeds its
projection, as the face of an architrave. (b)
A list or fillet between the flutings of a column.
Plate (?), n. [OF.
plate a plate of metal, a cuirsas, F. plat
a plate, a shallow vessel of silver, other metal, or earth, fr.
plat flat, Gr. /. See Place,
n.] 1. A flat, or nearly flat,
piece of metal, the thickness of which is small in comparison
with the other dimensions; a thick sheet of metal; as, a
steel plate.
2. Metallic armor composed of broad pieces.
Mangled . . . through plate and mail.
Milton.
3. Domestic vessels and utensils, as flagons,
dishes, cups, etc., wrought in gold or silver.
4. Metallic ware which is plated, in distinction
from that which is genuine silver or gold.
5. A small, shallow, and usually circular, vessel
of metal or wood, or of earth glazed and baked, from which food
is eaten at table.
6. [Cf. Sp. plata silver.] A
piece of money, usually silver money. [Obs.]
\'bdRealms and islands were as plates dropp'd from his
pocket.\'b8
Shak.
7. A piece of metal on which anything is engraved
for the purpose of being printed; hence, an impression from the
engraved metal; as, a book illustrated with plates;
a fashion plate.
8. A page of stereotype, electrotype, or the like,
for printing from; as, publisher's
plates.
9. That part of an artificial set of teeth which
fits to the mouth, and holds the teeth in place. It may be of
gold, platinum, silver, rubber, celluloid, etc.
10. (Arch.) A horizontal timber laid
upon a wall, or upon corbels projecting from a wall, and
supporting the ends of other timbers; also used specifically of
the roof plate which supports the ends of the roof
trusses or, in simple work, the feet of the rafters.
11. (Her.) A roundel of silver or
tinctured argent.
12. (Photog.) A sheet of glass,
porcelain, metal, etc., with a coating that is sensitive to
light.
13. A prize giving to the winner in a
contest.
Plate is sometimes used in an adjectival
sense or in combination, the phrase or compound being in most
cases of obvious signification; as, plate basket or
plate-basket, plate rack or
plate-rack.
Home plate. (Baseball) See
Home base, under Home. -- Plate
armor. (a) See Plate, n.,
2. (b) Strong metal plates for protecting war
vessels, fortifications, and the like. -- Plate
bone, the shoulder blade, or scapula. --
Plate girder, a girder, the web of which is formed
of a single vertical plate, or of a series of such plates riveted
together. -- Plate glass. See under
Glass. -- Plate iron, wrought iron
plates. -- Plate layer, a workman who lays
down the rails of a railway and fixes them to the sleepers or
ties. -- Plate mark, a special mark or
emblematic figure stamped upon gold or silver plate, to indicate
the place of manufacture, the degree of purity, and the like;
thus, the local mark for London is a lion. -- Plate
paper, a heavy spongy paper, for printing from engraved
plates. Fairholt. -- Plate press, a
press with a flat carriage and a roller, -- used for printing
from engraved steel or copper plates. -- Plate
printer, one who prints from engraved plates. --
Plate printing, the act or process of printing
from an engraved plate or plates. -- Plate
tracery. (Arch.) See under
Tracery. -- Plate wheel
(Mech.), a wheel, the rim and hub of which are
connected by a continuous plate of metal, instead of by arms or
spokes.
Plate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Plated; p. pr.
& vb. n. Plating.] 1. To
cover or overlay with gold, silver, or other metals, either by a
mechanical process, as hammering, or by a chemical process, as
electrotyping.
2. To cover or overlay with plates of metal; to arm
with metal for defense.
Thus plated in habiliments of war.
Shak.
3. To adorn with plated metal; as, a
plated harness.
4. To beat into thin, flat pieces, or
lamin\'91.
5. To calender; as, to plate
paper.
Pla*teau" (?), n.; pl. F.
Plateaux (F. /; E. /), E.
Plateaus (#). [F., fr. OF.
platel, properly a little plate. See
Plate.] 1. A flat surface;
especially, a broad, level, elevated area of land; a
table-land.
2. An ornamental dish for the table; a tray or
salver.
Plate"ful (?), n.; pl.
Platefuls (/). Enough to fill a
plate; as much as a plate will hold.
Plate"-gilled` (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Having flat, or leaflike, gills, as
the bivalve mollusks.
Pla"tel (?), n. [OF. See
Plateau.] A small dish.
Plat"en (?), n. [F.
platine, fr. plat flat. See Plate,
and cf. Platin.] (Mach.) (a)
The part of a printing press which presses the paper against
the type and by which the impression is made. (b)
Hence, an analogous part of a typewriter, on which the paper
rests to receive an impression. (c) The
movable table of a machine tool, as a planer, on which the work
is fastened, and presented to the action of the tool; -- also
called table.
Plat"er (?), n. One who plates
or coats articles with gold or silver; as, a silver
plater.
2. A machine for calendering paper.
Plat`er*esque" (?), a. [Sp.
resco, from plata silver.]
(Arch.) Resembling silver plate; -- said of
certain architectural ornaments.
Plat"e*trope (?), n. [Gr. /
breadth + / to turn.] (Anat.) One of a
pair of a paired organs.
Plat"form` (?), n.
[Plat, a. + -form: cf. F.
plateforme.] 1. A plat; a plan; a
sketch; a model; a pattern. Used also figuratively.
[Obs.]
Bacon.
2. A place laid out after a model.
[Obs.]
lf the platform just reflects the order.
Pope.
3. Any flat or horizontal surface; especially, one
that is raised above some particular level, as a framework of
timber or boards horizontally joined so as to form a roof, or a
raised floor, or portion of a floor; a landing; a dais; a stage,
for speakers, performers, or workmen; a standing place.
4. A declaration of the principles upon which a
person, a sect, or a party proposes to stand; a declared policy
or system; as, the Saybrook platform; a political
platform. \'bdThe platform of
Geneva.\'b8
Hooker.
5. (Naut.) A light deck, usually placed
in a section of the hold or over the floor of the magazine. See
Orlop.
Platform car, a railway car without permanent
raised sides or covering; a f/at. -- Platform
scale, a weighing machine, with a flat platform on
which objects are weighed.
Plat"form`, v. t. 1. To place
on a platform. [R.]
2. To form a plan of; to model; to lay out.
[Obs.]
Church discipline is platformed in the Bible.
Milton.
Plat*hel"minth (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) One of the Platyelminthes.
\'d8Plat`hel*min"thes (?), n. pl.
[NL.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as
Platyelminthes.
Plat"in (?), n. (Mach.)
See Platen.
Plat"i*na (?), n. [Sp. or NL.
See Platinum.] (Chem.)
Platinum.
Platina mohr, platinum black. --
Platina yellow, a pigment prepared from
platinum.
Plat"ing (?), n. 1.
The art or process of covering anything with a plate or
plates, or with metal, particularly of overlaying a base or dull
metal with a thin plate of precious or bright metal, as by
mechanical means or by electro-magnetic deposition.
2. A thin coating of metal laid upon another
metal.
3. A coating or defensive armor of metal (usually
steel) plates.
Pla*tin"ic (?), a.
(Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or containing,
platinum; -- used specifically to designate those compounds in
which the element has a higher valence, as contrasted with the
platinous compounds; as, platinic
chloride (PtCl4).
<-- p. 1097 -->
Plat`i*ni*chlo"ric (?), a.
(Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, an
acid consisting of platinic chloride and hydrochloric acid, and
obtained as a brownish red crystalline substance, called
platinichloric, or chloroplatinic,
acid.
Plat`i*nif"er*ous (?), a.
[Platinum + -ferous.]
Yielding platinum; as, platiniferous
sand.
Plat`i*ni*rid"i*um (?), n.
(Chem. & Min.) A natural alloy of platinum and
iridium occurring in grayish metallic rounded or cubical grains
with platinum.
Plat"i*nize (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Platinized
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Platinizing
(?).] To cover or combine with
platinum.
Plat`i*no*chlo"ric (?), a.
(Chem.) Pertaining to, derived from, or
designating, an acid consisting of platinous chloride and
hydrochloric acid, called platinochloric, .
Plat`i*no*chlo"ride (?), n.
(Chem.) A double chloride of platinum and some
other metal or radical; a salt of platinochloric acid.
Plat`i*no*cy*an"ic (?), a.
(Chem.) Pertaining to, derived from, or
designating, an acid compound of platinous cyanide and
hydrocyanic acid. It is obtained as a cinnaber-red crystalline
substance.
Plat`i*no*cy"a*nide (?), n.
(Chem.) A double cyanide of platinum and some
other metal or radical; a salt of platinocyanic acid.
Plat"i*node (?), n.
[Platinum + Gr. / a way.]
(Physics) A cathode. [R.]
Plat"i*noid (?), a.
[Platinum + -oid.]
Resembling platinum.
Plat"i*noid, n. (Chem.) An
alloy of German silver containing tungsten; -- used for forming
electrical resistance coils and standards.
Plat"i*no*type (?), n.
[Platinum + -type.]
(Photog.) 1. A permanent photographic
picture or print in platinum black.
2. The process by which such pictures are
produced.
Plat"i*nous (?), a.
(Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or containing,
platinum; -- used specifically to designate those compounds in
which the element has a lower valence, as contrasted with the
platinic compounds; as, platinous
chloride (PtCl2).
Plat"i*num (?), n. [NL., fr.
Sp. platina, from plata silver, LL.
plata a thin plate of metal. See Plate, and
cf. Platina.] (Chem.) A metallic
element, intermediate in value between silver and gold, occurring
native or alloyed with other metals, also as the platinum
arsenide (sperrylite). It is heavy tin-white metal which is
ductile and malleable, but very infusible, and characterized by
its resistance to strong chemical reagents. It is used for
crucibles, for stills for sulphuric acid, rarely for coin, and in
the form of foil and wire for many purposes. Specific gravity
21.5. Atomic weight 194.3. Symbol Pt. Formerly called
platina.
Platinum black (Chem.), a soft,
dull black powder, consisting of finely divided metallic platinum
obtained by reduction and precipitation from its solutions. It
absorbs oxygen to a high degree, and is employed as an
oxidizer. -- Platinum lamp (Elec.),
a kind of incandescent lamp of which the luminous medium is
platinum. See under Incandescent. -- Platinum
metals (Chem.), the group of metallic
elements which in their chemical and physical properties resemble
platinum. These consist of the light platinum group,
viz., rhodium, ruthenium, and palladium, whose specific gravities
are about 12; and the heavy platinum group, viz.,
osmium, iridium, and platinum, whose specific gravities are over
21. -- Platinum sponge (Chem.),
metallic platinum in a gray, porous, spongy form, obtained by
reducing the double chloride of platinum and ammonium. It absorbs
oxygen, hydrogen, and certain other gases, to a high degree, and
is employed as an agent in oxidizing.
Plat"i*tude (?), n. [F., from
plat flat. See Plate.] 1.
The quality or state of being flat, thin, or insipid; flat
commonness; triteness; staleness of ideas of language.
To hammer one golden grain of wit into a sheet of infinite
platitude.
Motley.
2. A thought or remark which is flat, dull, trite,
or weak; a truism; a commonplace.
Plat`i*tu`di*na"ri*an (?), n.
One addicted to uttering platitudes, or stale and insipid
truisms. \'bdA political platitudinarian.\'b8
G. Eliot.
Plat`i*tu"di*nize (?), v. i. To
utter platitudes or truisms.
Plat`i*tu"di*nous (?), a.
Abounding in platitudes; of the nature of platitudes;
uttering platitudes. --
Plat`i*tu"di*nous*ness,
n.
Plat"ly (?), a. Flatly. See
Plat, a. [Obs.]
Plat"ness, n. Flatness.
[Obs.]
Palsgrave.
Pla*tom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. /
flat + -meter.] See
Planimeter.
{ Pla*ton"ic (?), Pla*ton"ic*al
(?), } a. [L.
Platonicus, Gr. /: cf. F.
platonique.] 1. Of or pertaining
to Plato, or his philosophy, school, or opinions.
2. Pure, passionless; nonsexual;
philosophical.
Platonic bodies, the five regular geometrical
solids; namely, the tetrahedron, hexahedron or cube, octahedron,
dodecahedron, and icosahedron. -- Platonic love,
a pure, spiritual affection, subsisting between persons of
opposite sex, unmixed with carnal desires, and regarding the mind
only and its excellences; -- a species of love for which Plato
was a warm advocate.<-- = Platonic relation --> --
Platonic year (Astron.), a period of
time determined by the revolution of the equinoxes, or the space
of time in which the stars and constellations return to their
former places in respect to the equinoxes; -- called also
great year. This revolution, which is caused
by the precession of the equinoxes, is accomplished in about
26,000 years. Barlow.
Pla*ton"ic, n. A follower of Plato; a
Platonist.
Pla*ton"ic*al*ly, adv. In a Platonic
manner.
Pla"to*nism (?), n. [Cf. F.
Platonisme.] 1. The doctrines or
philosophy by Plato or of his followers.
reason, which, as
partaking of the divine nature, has innate ideas resembling the
eternal ideas of God. By contemplating these innate ideas,
reasoning about them, and comparing them with their copies in the
visible universe, reason can attain that true knowledge of things
which is called philosophy. Plato's professed
followers, the Academics, and the New Platonists, differed
considerably from him, yet are called
Platonists.
Murdock.
2. An elevated rational and ethical conception of
the laws and forces of the universe; sometimes, imaginative or
fantastic philosophical notions.
Pla"to*nist (?), n. One who
adheres to the philosophy of Plato; a follower of Plato.
Hammond.
Pla"to*nize (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Platonized
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Platonizing.] To adopt the opinion of
Plato or his followers.
Milner.
Pla"to*nize, v. t. To explain by, or
accomodate to, the Platonic philosophy.
Enfield.
Pla"to*ni`zer (?), n. One who
Platonizes.
Pla*toon" (?), n. [F.
peloton a ball of thread, a knot or group of men, a
platoon, from pelote a ball formed of things wound
round. See Pellet.] (Mil.) (a)
Formerly, a body of men who fired together; also, a small
square body of soldiers to strengthen the angles of a hollow
square. (b) Now, in the United States
service, half of a company.
Platt (?), n. (Mining)
See Lodge, n.
Raymond.
Platt"deutsch` (?), n. The
modern dialects spoken in the north of Germany, taken
collectively; modern Low German. See Low German,
under German.
Plat"ten (?), v. t. [See
Plat, a.] (Glass Making)
To flatten and make into sheets or plates; as, to
platten cylinder glass.
Plat"ter (?), n. [From
Plat to braid.] One who plats or
braids.
Plat"ter, n. [Probably fr. OF.
platel, F. plateau. See
Plateau.] A large plate or shallow dish on
which meat or other food is brought to the table.
The attendants . . . speedly brought in several large, smoking
platters, filled with huge pieces of beef.
Sir W. Scott.
Plat"ter-faced` (?), a. Having
a broad, flat face.
Plat"ting (?), n. Plaited
strips or bark, cane, straw, etc., used for making hats or the
like.
Plat"y (?), a. Like a plate;
consisting of plates.
Plat"y- (?). A combining form from Gr.
platy`s broad, wide,
flat; as, platypus,
platycephalous.
{ Plat`y*ce*phal"ic (?),
Plat`y*ceph"a*lous (?), } a.
[Platy + Gr. / head.] (Anat.)
Broad-headed.
Plat`yc*ne"mic (?), a.
[Platy + Gr. / leg: cf. F.
platycn\'82mique.] (Anat.) Of,
relating to, or characterized by, platycnemism.
Pla*tyc"ne*mism (?), n.
(Anat.) Lateral flattening of the tibia.
Plat`y*c\'d2"li*an (?), a.
[Platy + Gr. / hollow.]
(Anat.) Flat at the anterior and concave at the
posterior end; -- said of the centra of the vertebr\'91 of some
extinct dinouaurs.
\'d8Plat`y*el*min"thes (?), n. pl.
[NL. See Platy-, and Helminthes.]
(Zo\'94l.) A class of helminthes including the
cestodes, or tapeworms, the trematodes, and the turbellarians.
Called also flatworms.<-- now =
platyhelminthes -->
\'d8Plat`y*hel"mi*a (?), n. pl.
[NL.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as
Platyelminthes. [Written also
Platyelmia.]
Pla*tym"e*ter (?), n.
[Platy + -meter.]
(Elec.) An apparatus for measuring the capacity
of condensers, or the inductive capacity of dielectrics.
Plat"y*pod (?), n.
[Platy + -pod.]
(Zo\'94l.) An animal having broad feet, or a
broad foot.
\'d8Pla*typ"o*da (?), n. pl.
[NL.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as
Prosobranchiata.
\'d8Pla*typ"te*ra (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / broad + / a wing.]
(Zo\'94l.) A division of Pseudoneuroptera
including the species which have four broad, flat wings, as the
termites, or white-ants, and the stone flies
(Perla).
Plat"y*pus (?), n. [NL., fr.
Gr. / + / foot.] (Zo\'94l.) The duck
mole. See under Duck.
Plat"y*rhine (?), a.
[Platy + Gr. /, /, nose.]
(Anat.) Having the nose broad; -- opposed to
leptorhine. -- n.
(Zo\'94l.) One of the Platyrhini.
\'d8Plat`y*rhi"ni (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / broad + /, /, nose.]
(Zo\'94l.) A division of monkeys, including the
American species, which have a broad nasal septum, thirty-six
teeth, and usually a prehensile tail. See Monkey.
[Written also Platyrrhini.]
Plaud (?), v. t. To
applaud. [Obs.]
Chapman.
Plau"dit (?), n. [From L.
plaudite do ye praise (which was said by players at
the end of a performance), 2d pers. pl. imperative of
plaudere. Cf. Plausible.] A mark
or expression of applause; praise bestowed.
Not in the shouts and plaudits of the throng.
Longfellow.
Syn. -- Acclamation; applause; encomium; commendation;
approbation; approval.
Plau"di*to*ry (?), a.
Applauding; commending.
Plau`si*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf.
F. plausibilit\'82.] 1. Something
worthy of praise. [Obs.]
Integrity, fidelity, and other gracious
plausibilities.
E. Vaughan.
2. The quality of being plausible;
speciousness.
To give any plausibility to a scheme.
De Quincey.
3. Anything plausible or specious.
R. Browning.
Plau"si*ble (?), a. [L.
plausibilis praiseworthy, from plaudere,
plausum, to applaud, clap the hands, strike,
beat.] 1. Worthy of being applauded;
praiseworthy; commendable; ready. [Obs.]
Bp. Hacket.
2. Obtaining approbation; specifically pleasing;
apparently right; specious; as, a plausible pretext;
plausible manners; a plausible
delusion. \'bdPlausible and popular
arguments.\'b8
Clarendon.
3. Using specious arguments or discourse; as, a
plausible speaker.
<-- 4 appearing worthy of belief [MW10]. Now the most common
sense, and a good sense, rather than the traditional bad sense.
-->
Syn. -- Plausible, Specious.
Plausible denotes that which seems reasonable, yet
leaves distrust in the judgment. Specious describes
that which presents a fair appearance to the view and yet covers
something false. Specious refers more definitely to
the act or purpose of false representation; plausible
has more reference to the effect on the beholder or hearer. An
argument may by specious when it is not
plausible because its sophistry is so easily
discovered.
Plau"si*ble*ize (?), v. t. To
render plausible. [R.]
Plau"si*ble*ness, n. Quality of being
plausible.
Plau"si*bly, adv. 1. In a
plausible manner.
2. Contentedly, readily. [Obs.]
The Romans plausibly did give consent.
Shak.
Plau"sive (?), a. [L.
plaudere, plausum, to applaud.]
1. Applauding; manifesting praise.
Young.
2. Plausible, specious. [Obs.]
Shak.
Play (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Played (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Playing.]
[OE. pleien, AS. plegian,
plegan, to play, akin to plega play, game,
quick motion, and probably to OS. plegan to promise,
pledge, D. plegen to care for, attend to, be wont, G.
pflegen; of unknown origin. Plight, n.] 1. To engage
in sport or lively recreation; to exercise for the sake of
amusement; to frolic; to spot.
As Cannace was playing in her walk.
Chaucer.
The lamb thy riot dooms to bleed to-day,
Had he thy reason, would he skip and play!
Pope.
And some, the darlings of their Lord,
Play smiling with the flame and sword.
Keble.
2. To act with levity or thoughtlessness; to
trifle; to be careless.
\'bdNay,\'b8 quod this monk, \'bdI have no lust to
pleye.\'b8
Chaucer.
Men are apt to play with their healths.
Sir W. Temple.
3. To contend, or take part, in a game; as, to
play ball; hence, to gamble; as, he
played for heavy stakes.
4. To perform on an instrument of music; as, to
play on a flute.
One that . . . can play well on an instrument.
Ezek. xxxiii. 32.
Play, my friend, and charm the charmer.
Granville.
5. To act; to behave; to practice deception.
His mother played false with a smith.
Shak.
6. To move in any manner; especially, to move
regularly with alternate or reciprocating motion; to operate; to
act; as, the fountain plays.
The heart beats, the blood circulates, the lungs
play.
Cheyne.
7. To move gayly; to wanton; to disport.
Even as the waving sedges play with wind.
Shak.
The setting sun
Plays on their shining arms and burnished helmets.
Addison.
All fame is foreign but of true desert,
Plays round the head, but comes not to the heart.
Pope.
8. To act on the stage; to personate a
character.
A lord will hear your play to-night.
Shak.
Courts are theaters where some men play.
Donne.
To play into a person's hands, to act, or to
manage matters, to his advantage or benefit. -- To play
off, to affect; to feign; to practice artifice. --
To play upon. (a) To make sport of; to
deceive.
Art thou alive?
Or is it fantasy that plays upon our eyesight.
Shak.
(b) To use in a droll manner; to give a droll
expression or application to; as, to play upon
words.
<-- play around -->
Play, v. t. 1. To put in action
or motion; as, to play cannon upon a fortification;
to play a trump.
First Peace and Silence all disputes control,
Then Order plays the soul.
Herbert.
2. To perform music upon; as, to play
the flute or the organ.
3. To perform, as a piece of music, on an
instrument; as, to play a waltz on the
violin.
4. To bring into sportive or wanton action; to
exhibit in action; to execute; as, to play
tricks.
Nature here
Wantoned as in her prime, and played at will
Her virgin fancies.
Milton.
5. To act or perform (a play); to represent in
music action; as, to play a comedy; also, to
act in the character of; to represent by acting; to simulate; to
behave like; as, to play King Lear; to play
the woman.
Thou canst play the rational if thou wilt.
Sir W. Scott.
6. To engage in, or go together with, as a contest
for amusement or for a wager or prize; as, to play a
game at baseball.
7. To keep in play, as a hooked fish, in order to
land it.
To play off, to display; to show; to put in
exercise; as, to play off tricks. -- To play
one's cards, to manage one's means or opportunities; to
contrive. -- Played out, tired out;
exhausted; at the end of one's resources.
[Colloq.]
Play, n. 1. Amusement; sport;
frolic; gambols.
2. Any exercise, or series of actions, intended for
amusement or diversion; a game.
John naturally loved rough play.
Arbuthnot.
3. The act or practice of contending for victory,
amusement, or a prize, as at dice, cards, or billiards; gaming;
as, to lose a fortune in play.
4. Action; use; employment; exercise; practice;
as, fair play; sword play; a play
of wit. \'bdThe next who comes in play.\'b8
Dryden.
5. A dramatic composition; a comedy or tragedy; a
composition in which characters are represented by dialogue and
action.
A play ought to be a just image of human
nature.
Dryden.
6. The representation or exhibition of a comedy or
tragedy; as, he attends ever play.
7. Performance on an instrument of music.
8. Motion; movement, regular or irregular; as,
the play of a wheel or piston; hence, also, room
for motion; free and easy action. \'bdTo give them
play, front and rear.\'b8
Milton.
The joints are let exactly into one another, that they have no
play between them.
Moxon.
9. Hence, liberty of acting; room for enlargement
or display; scope; as, to give full play to
mirth.
Play actor, an actor of dramas.
Prynne. -- Play debt, a gambling
debt. Arbuthnot. -- Play pleasure,
idle amusement. [Obs.] Bacon. --
A play upon words, the use of a word in such a way
as to be capable of double meaning; punning. -- Play of
colors, prismatic variation of colors. --
To bring into play, To come into
play, to bring or come into use or
exercise. -- To hold in play, to keep
occupied or employed.
<-- in play. (a) (baseball, football) [of a ball] to still be
subject to action so as to affect the game, true as long as the
specific play has not been completed. Opposite of out of play,
out of bounds. (b) (Corporate Finance) subject to acquisition or
merger; said of companies which have been discussed as potential
acquisitions by potentially acquiring companies. -->
I, with two more to help me,
Will hold the foe in play.
Macaulay.
<-- p. 1098 -->
\'d8Pla"ya (?), n. [Sp.]
A beach; a strand; in the plains and deserts of Texas, New
Mexico, and Arizona, a broad, level spot, on which subsequently
becomes dry by evaporation.
Bartlett.
Play"bill` (?), n. A printed
programme of a play, with the parts assigned to the actors.
Play"book` (?), n. A book of
dramatic compositions; a book of the play.
Swift.
Play"day` (?), n. A day given
to play or diversion; a holiday.
Swift.
Play"er (?), n. 1. One
who plays, or amuses himself; one without serious aims; an idler;
a trifler.
Shak.
2. One who plays any game.
3. A dramatic actor.
Shak.
4. One who plays on an instrument of music.
\'bdA cunning player on a harp.\'b8
1 Sam. xvi. 16.
5. A gamester; a gambler.
Play"fel`low (?), n. A
companion in amusements or sports; a playmate.
Shak.
Play"fere` (?), n.
[Play + 1st fere.] A
playfellow. [Obs.] [Also,
playfeer, playphere.]
Holinsheld.
Play"ful (?), a. Sportive;
gamboling; frolicsome; indulging a sportive fancy; humorous;
merry; as, a playful child; a playful
writer. -- Play"ful*ly,
adv. -- Play"ful*ness,
n.
Play"game` (?), n. Play of
children.
Locke.
Play"go`er (?), n. One who
frequents playhouses, or attends dramatic performances.
Play"go`ing, a. Frequenting playhouses;
as, the playgoing public. --
n. The practice of going to
plays.
Play"ground` (?), n. A piece of
ground used for recreation; as, the playground of a
school.
Play"house` (?), n. [AS.
plegh.] 1. A building used
for dramatic exhibitions; a theater.
Shak.
2. A house for children to play in; a
toyhouse.
Play"ing, a. & vb. n. of
Play.
Playing cards. See under
Card.
Play"mak`er (?), n. A
playwright. [R.]
Play"mate` (?), n. A companion
in diversions; a playfellow.
Play"some (?), a. Playful;
wanton; sportive. [R.] R. Browning.
-- Play"some*ness, n.
[R.]
Playte (?), n. (Naut.)
See Pleyt.
Play"thing` (?), n. A thing to
play with; a toy; anything that serves to amuse.
A child knows his nurse, and by degrees the
playthings of a little more advanced age.
Locke.
Play"time` (?), n. Time for
play or diversion.
Play"wright` (?), n. A maker or
adapter of plays.
Play"writ`er (?), n. A writer
of plays; a dramatist; a playwright.
Lecky.
\'d8Pla"za (?), n. [Sp. See
Place.] A public square in a city or
town.
Plea (?), n. [OE.
plee, plai, plait, fr. OF.
plait, plaid, plet, LL.
placitum judgment, decision, assembly, court, fr. L.
placitum that which is pleasing, an opinion,
sentiment, from placere to please. See
Please, and cf. Placit, Plead.]
1. (Law) That which is alleged by a
party in support of his cause; in a stricter sense, an allegation
of fact in a cause, as distinguished from a demurrer;
in a still more limited sense, and in modern practice, the
defendant's answer to the plaintiff's declaration and demand.
That which the plaintiff alleges in his declaration is answered
and repelled or justified by the defendant's plea. In
chancery practice, a plea is a special answer showing
or relying upon one or more things as a cause why the suit should
be either dismissed, delayed, or barred. In criminal practice,
the plea is the defendant's formal answer to the
indictment or information presented against him.
2. (Law) A cause in court; a lawsuit;
as, the Court of Common Pleas. See under
Common.
The Supreme Judicial Court shall have cognizance of
pleas real, personal, and mixed.
Laws of Massachusetts.
3. That which is alleged or pleaded, in defense or
in justification; an excuse; an apology. \'bdNecessity, the
tyrant's plea.\'b8
Milton.
No plea must serve; 't is cruelty to spare.
Denham.
4. An urgent prayer or entreaty.
Pleas of the crown (Eng. Law),
criminal actions.
Pleach (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Pleached
(/); p. pr. & vb. n.
Pleaching.] [Cf. OF.
plaissier to bend, and also F. plisser to
plait, L. plicare, plicitum, to fold, lay,
or wind together. Cf. Plash to pleach.] To
unite by interweaving, as branches of trees; to plash; to
interlock. \'bdThe pleached bower.\'b8
Shak.
Plead (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Pleaded
(colloq. Plead (?) or
Pled); p. pr. & vb. n.
Pleading.] [OE. pleden,
plaiden, OF. plaidier, F. plaider, fr. LL.
placitare, fr. placitum. See
Plea.] 1. To argue in support of a
claim, or in defense against the claim of another; to urge
reasons for or against a thing; to attempt to persuade one by
argument or supplication; to speak by way of persuasion; as,
to plead for the life of a criminal; to plead
with a judge or with a father.
O that one might plead for a man with God, as a man
pleadeth for his neighbor!
Job xvi. 21.
2. (Law) To present an answer, by
allegation of fact, to the declaration of a plaintiff; to deny
the plaintiff's declaration and demand, or to allege facts which
show that ought not to recover in the suit; in a less strict
sense, to make an allegation of fact in a cause; to carry on the
allegations of the respective parties in a cause; to carry on a
suit or plea.
Blackstone. Burrill. Stephen.
3. To contend; to struggle.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Plead (?), v. t. 1. To
discuss, defend, and attempt to maintain by arguments or reasons
presented to a tribunal or person having uthority to determine;
to argue at the bar; as, to plead a cause before a
court or jury.
Every man should plead his own matter.
Sir T. More.
argue is more generally
used by lawyers.
2. To allege or cite in a legal plea or defense, or
for repelling a demand in law; to answer to an indictment;
as, to plead usury; to plead statute of
limitations; to plead not guilty.
Kent.
3. To allege or adduce in proof, support, or
vendication; to offer in excuse; as, the law of nations may
be pleaded in favor of the rights of
ambassadors.
Spenser.
I will neither plead my age nor sickness, in excuse
of faults.
Dryden.
Plead"a*ble (?), a. Capable of
being pleaded; capable of being alleged in proof, defense, or
vindication; as, a right or privilege pleadable at
law.
Dryden.
Plead"er (?), n. [F.
plaideur.] 1. One who pleads; one
who argues for or against; an advotate.
So fair a pleader any cause may gain.
Dryden.
2. (Law) One who draws up or forms
pleas; the draughtsman of pleas or pleadings in the widest sense;
as, a special pleader.
Plead"ing, n. The act of advocating,
defending, or supporting, a cause by arguments.
Plead"ing*ly, adv. In a pleading
manner.
Plead"ings (?), n. pl.
(Law) The mutual pleas and replies of the
plaintiff and defendant, or written statements of the parties in
support of their claims, proceeding from the declaration of the
plaintiff, until issue is joined, and the question made to rest
on some single point.
Blackstone.
Pleas"ance (?), n. [F.
plaisance. See Please.] 1.
Pleasure; merriment; gayety; delight; kindness.
[Archaic] Shak. \'bdFull great
pleasance.\'b8 Chaucer. \'bdA realm of
pleasance.\'b8 Tennyson.
2. A secluded part of a garden.
[Archaic]
The pleasances of old Elizabethan houses.
Ruskin.
Pleas"ant (?), a. [F.
plaisant. See Please.] 1.
Pleasing; grateful to the mind or to the senses; agreeable;
as, a pleasant journey; pleasant
weather.
Behold, how good and pleasant it is for brethren to
dwell together in unity!
Ps. cxxxiii. 1.
2. Cheerful; enlivening; gay; sprightly; humorous;
sportive; as, pleasant company; a pleasant
fellow.
From grave to light, from pleasant to serve.
Dryden.
Syn. -- Pleasing; gratifying; agreeable; cheerful;
good-humored; enlivening; gay; lively; merry; sportive; humorous;
jocose; amusing; witty. -- Pleasant,
Pleasing, Agreeable. Agreeable is
applied to that which agrees with, or is in harmony with, one's
tastes, character, etc. Pleasant and
pleasing denote a stronger degree of the agreeable.
Pleasant refers rather to the state or condition;
pleasing, to the act or effect. Where they are applied
to the same object, pleasing is more energetic than
pleasant; as, she is always pleasant and
always pleasing. The distinction, however, is not
radical and not rightly observed.
Pleas"ant, n. A wit; a humorist; a
buffoon. [Obs.]
Pleas"ant*ly, adv. In a pleasant
manner.
Pleas"ant*ness, n. The state or quality
of being pleasant.
Pleas"ant*ry (?), n.; pl.
Pleasantries (#). [F.
plaisanterie. See Pleasant.] That
which denotes or promotes pleasure or good humor; cheerfulness;
gayety; merriment; especially, an agreeable playfulness in
conversation; a jocose or humorous remark; badinage.
The grave abound in pleasantries, the dull in
repartees and points of wit.
Addison.
The keen observation and ironical pleasantry of a
finished man of the world.
Macaulay.
Pleas"ant-tongued` (?), a. Of
pleasing speech.
Please (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Pleased; p. pr.
& vb. n. Pleasing.] [OE.
plesen, OF. plaisir, fr. L.
placere, akin to placare to reconcile. Cf.
Complacent, Placable, Placid,
Plea, Plead, Pleasure.]
1. To give pleasure to; to excite agreeable
sensations or emotions in; to make glad; to gratify; to content;
to satisfy.
I pray to God that it may plesen you.
Chaucer.
What next I bring shall please thee, be
assured.
Milton.
2. To have or take pleasure in; hence, to choose;
to wish; to desire; to will.
Whatsoever the Lord pleased, that did he.
Ps. cxxxv. 6.
A man doing as he wills, and doing as he pleases,
are the same things in common speech.
J. Edwards.
3. To be the will or pleasure of; to seem good to;
-- used impersonally. \'bdIt pleased the Father
that in him should all fullness dwell.\'b8
Col. i. 19.
To-morrow, may it please you.
Shak.
To be pleased in with, to have complacency in; to take
pleasure in. -- To be pleased to do a thing,
to take pleasure in doing it; to have the will to do it; to
think proper to do it.
Dryden.
Please (?), v. i. 1.
To afford or impart pleasure; to excite agreeable
emotions.
What pleasing scemed, for her now
pleases more.
Milton.
For we that live to please, must please
to live.
Johnson.
2. To have pleasure; to be willing, as a matter of
affording pleasure or showing favor; to vouchsafe; to
consent.
Heavenly stranger, please to taste
These bounties.
Milton.
That he would please 8give me my liberty.
Swift.
Pleased (?), a. Experiencing
pleasure. -- Pleas"ed*ly (#),
adv. -- Pleas"ed*ness,
n.
Please"man (?), n. An officious
person who courts favor servilely; a pickthank.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Pleas"er (?), n. One who
pleases or gratifies.
Pleas"ing, a. Giving pleasure or
satisfaction; causing agreeable emotion; agreeable; delightful;
as, a pleasing prospect; pleasing
manners. \'bdPleasing harmony.\'b8
Shak. \'bdPleasing features.\'b8
Macaulay. -- Pleas"ing*ly,
adv. -- Pleas"ing*ness,
n.
Syn. -- Gratifying; delightful; agreeable. See
Pleasant.
Pleas"ing, n. An object of
pleasure. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Pleas"ur*a*ble (?), a. Capable
of affording pleasure or satisfaction; gratifying; abounding in
pleasantness or pleasantry.
Planting of orchards is very . . . pleasurable.
Bacon.
O, sir, you are very pleasurable.
B. Jonson.
-- Pleas"ur*a*ble*ness, n. --
Pleas"ur*a*bly, adv.
Pleas"ure (?), n. [F.
plaisir, originally an infinitive. See
Please.] 1. The gratification of the
senses or of the mind; agreeable sensations or emotions; the
excitement, relish, or happiness produced by the expectation or
the enjoyment of something good, delightful, or satisfying; --
opposed to pain, sorrow, etc.
At thy right hand there are pleasures for
evermore.
Ps. xvi. 11.
2. Amusement; sport; diversion; self-indulgence;
frivolous or dissipating enjoyment; hence, sensual gratification;
-- opposed to labor, service,
duty, self-denial, etc. \'bdNot sunk
in carnal pleasure.\'b8
Milton.
He that loveth pleasure shall be a poor man.
Prov. xxi. 17.
Lovers of pleasures more than lovers of God.
2 Tim. iii. 4.
3. What the will dictates or prefers as gratifying
or satisfying; hence, will; choice; wish; purpose. \'bdHe
will do his pleasure on Babylon.\'b8
Isa. xlviii. 14.
Use your pleasure; if your love do not presuade you
to come, let not my letter.
Shak.
4. That which pleases; a favor; a
gratification.
Shak.
Festus, willing to do the Jews a pleasure
Acts xxv. 9.
At pleasure, by arbitrary will or choice.
Dryden. -- To take pleasure in, to
have enjoyment in. Ps. cxlvii. 11.
Pleasure is used adjectively, or in the
formation of self-explaining compounds; as, pleasure
boat, pleasure ground; pleasure house,
etc.
Syn. -- Enjoyment; gratification; satisfaction; comfort;
solace; joy; gladness; delight; will; choice; preference;
purpose; command; favor; kindness.
Pleas"ure, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Pleasured (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Pleasuring.] To give or afford
pleasure to; to please; to gratify.
Shak.
[Rolled] his hoop to pleasure Edith.
Tennyson.
Pleas"ure, v. i. To take pleasure; to
seek pursue pleasure; as, to go
pleasuring.
Pleas"ure*ful (?), a. Affording
pleasure. [R.]
Pleas"ure*less, a. Devoid of
pleasure.
G. Eliot.
Pleas"ur*er (?), n. A pleasure
seeker.
Dickens.
Pleas"ur*ist, n. A person devoted to
worldly pleasure. [R.]
Sir T. Browne.
Pleat (?), n. & v. t. See
Plait.
Plebe (?), n. [F.
pl\'8abe, fr. L. plebs.] 1.
The common people; the mob. [Obs.]
The plebe with thirst and fury prest.
Sylvester.
2. [Cf. Plebeian.] A member of
the lowest class in the military academy at West Point.
[Cant, U.S.]
Ple*be"ian (?), a. [L.
plebeius, from plebs, plebis,
the common people: cf. F. pl\'82b\'82ien.]
1. Of or pertaining to the Roman plebs,
or common people.
2. Of or pertaining to the common people; vulgar;
common; as, plebeian sports; a plebeian
throng.
Ple*be"ian, n. 1. One of the
plebs, or common people of ancient Rome, in
distinction from patrician.
2. One of the common people, or lower rank of
men.
Ple*be"iance (?), n. 1.
Plebeianism. [Obs.]
2. Plebeians, collectively.
[Obs.]
Ple*be"ian*ism (?), n. [Cf. F.
pl\'82b\'82ianisme.] 1. The
quality or state of being plebeian.
2. The conduct or manners of plebeians;
vulgarity.
Ple*be"ian*ize (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Plebeianized
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Plebeianizing.] To render plebeian,
common, or vulgar.
Ple*bic"o*list (?), n. [L.
plebs the common people + colere to
cultivate.] One who flatters, or courts the favor of,
the common people; a demagogue. [R.]
Pleb`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [L.
plebs the common people + -ficare (in
comp.) to make. See -fy.] A rendering
plebeian; the act of vulgarizing. [R.]
You begin with the attempt to popularize learning . . . but
you will end in the plebification of knowledge.
Coleridge.
Ple*bis"ci*ta*ry (?), a. Of or
pertaining to plebiscite.
The Century.
Pleb"i*scite (?), n. [F.
pl\'82biscite, fr. L. plebiscitum.]
A vote by universal male suffrage; especially, in France, a
popular vote, as first sanctioned by the National Constitution of
1791. [Written also plebiscit.]
Plebiscite we have lately taken, in popular use,
from the French.
Fitzed. Hall.
\'d8Ple`bis*ci"tum (?), n. [L.,
fr. plebs, plebis, common people +
scitum decree.] (Rom. Antiq.) A
law enacted by the common people, under the superintendence of a
tribune or some subordinate plebeian magistrate, without the
intervention of the senate.
Plec"tile (?), a. [L.
plectilis.] Woven; plaited.
[Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
<-- p. 1099 -->
Plec"tog*nath (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the
Plectognathi. -- n. One of the
Plectognathi.
\'d8Plec*to"gna*thi (?), n. pl.
[NL., from Gr. / twisted (fr. / to plait, twist) + /
jaw.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of fishes
generally having the maxillary bone united with the premaxillary,
and the articular united with the dentary.
{ Plec`tog*nath"ic (?),
Plec-tog"na*thous (?), } a.
(Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the
Plectognathi.
\'d8Plec`to*spon"dy*li (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / plaited + /, /, a vertebra.]
(Zo\'94l.) An extensive suborder of fresh-water
physostomous fishes having the anterior vertebr\'91 united and
much modified; the Eventognathi.
Plec`to*spon"dy*lous (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the
Plectospondyli.
\'d8Plec"trum (?), n.; pl. L.
Plectra (#), E. Plectrums (#).
[L., fr. Gr. / anything to strike with, fr./ to
strike.] A small instrument of ivory, wood, metal, or
quill, used in playing upon the lyre and other stringed
instruments.
Pled (?), imp. & p. p. of
Plead [Colloq.]
Spenser.
Pledge (?), n. [OF.
plege, pleige, pledge, guaranty, LL.
plegium, plivium; akin to OF.
plevir to bail, guaranty, perhaps fr. L.
praebere to proffer, offer (sc.
fidem a trust, a promise of security), but cf. also E.
play. Prebend,
Replevin.] 1. (Law) The
transfer of possession of personal property from a debtor to a
creditor as security for a debt or engagement; also, the contract
created between the debtor and creditor by a thing being so
delivered or deposited, forming a species of bailment; also, that
which is so delivered or deposited; something put in pawn.
Pledge is ordinarily confined to personal
property; the title or ownership does not pass by it; possession
is essential to it. In all these points it differs from a
mortgage [see Mortgage]; and in the last, from the
hypotheca of the Roman law. See
Hypotheca.
Story. Kent.
2. (Old Eng. Law) A person who
undertook, or became responsible, for another; a bail; a surety;
a hostage. \'bdI am Grumio's pledge.\'b8
Shak.
3. A hypothecation without transfer of
possession.
4. Anything given or considered as a security for
the performance of an act; a guarantee; as, mutual interest
is the best pledge for the performance of
treaties. \'bdThat voice, their liveliest
pledge of hope.\'b8
Milton.
5. A promise or agreement by which one binds one's
self to do, or to refrain from doing, something; especially, a
solemn promise in writing to refrain from using intoxicating
liquors or the like; as, to sign the pledge; the
mayor had made no pledges.
<-- esp. in "take the pledge" -->
6. A sentiment to which assent is given by drinking
one's health; a toast; a health.
Dead pledge. [A translation of LL.
mortuum vadium.] (Law) A mortgage. See
Mortgage. -- Living pledge. [A
translation of LL. vivum vadium.]
(Law) The conveyance of an estate to another for
money borrowed, to be held by him until the debt is paid out of
the rents and profits. -- To hold in pledge,
to keep as security. -- To put in pledge,
to pawn; to give as security.
Syn. -- See Earnest.
Pledge, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Pledged (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Pledging.] [Cf. OF.
pleiger to give security. See Pledge,
n.] 1. To deposit, as a chattel,
in pledge or pawn; to leave in possession of another as security;
as, to pledge one's watch.
2. To give or pass as a security; to guarantee; to
engage; to plight; as, to pledge one's word and
honor.
We mutually pledge to each other our lives, our
fortunes, and our sacred honor.
The Declaration of Independence.
3. To secure performance of, as by a pledge.
[Obs.]
To pledge my vow, I give my hand.
Shak.
4. To bind or engage by promise or declaration; to
engage solemnly; as, to pledge one's
self.
5. To invite another to drink, by drinking of the
cup first, and then handing it to him, as a pledge of good will;
hence, to drink the health of; to toast.
Pledge me, my friend, and drink till thou be'st
wise.
Cowley.
Pledg*ee" (?), n. The one to
whom a pledge is given, or to whom property pledged is
delivered.
Pledge"less (?), a. Having no
pledge.
{ Pledge*or", Pledg*or" }
(?), n. (Law) One who
pledges, or delivers anything in pledge; a pledger; -- opposed to
pledgee.
e
after g, but the spelling pledgor is
perhaps commoner.
Pledg"er (?), n. One who
pledges.
Pledg"er*y (?), n. [Cf. OF.
pleigerie.] A pledging; suretyship.
[Obs.]
Pledg"et (?), n. [Prov. E., a
small plug.] 1. A small plug.
[Prov. End.]
2. (Naut.) A string of oakum used in
calking.
3. (Med.) A compress, or small flat tent
of lint, laid over a wound, ulcer, or the like, to exclude air,
retain dressings, or absorb the matter discharged.
\'d8Ple*gep"o*da (?), n. pl.
[NL., from Gr. (/) a stroke + -poda. In
allusion to the rapid strokes of the vibrating cilia.]
(Zo\'94l.) Same as Infusoria.
Ple"lad (?), n. One of the
Pleiades.
Ple"ia*des (?; 277), n. pl.
[L., fr. Gr. (/)] 1. (Myth.)
The seven daughters of Atlas and the nymph Pleione, fabled
to have been made by Jupiter a constellation in the sky.
2. (Astron.) A group of small stars in
the neck of the constellation Taurus.
Job xxxviii. 31.
Plein (?), a. Plan.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Plein, v. i. & t. To complain. See
Plain. [Obs.]
Plein, a. [OF. & F., fr. L.
plenus.] Full; complete.
[Obs.] \'bdPlein remission.\'b8
Chaucer. -- Plein"ly,
adv.
Plei"o*cene (?), a.
(Geol.) See Pliocene.
Plei*oph"yl*lous (?), a. [Gr.
/ more + / leaf.] (Bot.) Having several
leaves; -- used especially when several leaves or leaflets appear
where normally there should be only one.
\'d8Plei`o*sau"rus (?), n.
[NL.] (Paleon.) Same as
Pliosaurus.
Pleis"to*cene (?), a. [Gr. /
most + / new.] (Geol.) Of or pertaining
to the epoch, or the deposits, following the Tertiary, and
immediately preceding man. -- n. The
Pleistocene epoch, or deposits.
Ple"nal (?), a. [L.
plenus full. Cf. Plenary.] Full;
complete; as, a plenal view or act.
[Obs.]
Ple"na*ri*ly (?), adv. In a
plenary manner.
Ple"na*ri*ness, n. Quality or state of
being plenary.
Plen"ar*ty (?), n. The state of
a benefice when occupied.
Blackstone.
Ple"na*ry (?), a. [LL.
plenarius, fr. L. plenus full. See
Plenty.] Full; entire; complete; absolute;
as, a plenary license; plenary
authority.
A treatise on a subject should be plenary or
full.
I. Watts.
Plenary indulgence (R. C. Ch.), an
entire remission of temporal punishment due to, or canonical
penance for, all sins. -- Plenary inspiration.
(Theol.) See under Inspiration.
Ple"na*ry, n. (Law) Decisive
procedure. [Obs.]
Plene (?), \'91. [L.
plenus full.] Full; complete;
plenary. [Obs.]
Ple"ni*corn (?), n. [L.
plenus full + cornu horn.]
(Zo\'94l.) A ruminant having solid horns or
antlers, as the deer.
Brande & C.
Plen`i*lu"na*ry (?), a. Of or
pertaining to the full moon. [Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
Plen"i*lune (?), n. [L.
plenilunium; plenus full + luna
the moon.] The full moon. [Obs.]
B. Jonson.
{ Ple*nip"o*tence (?),
Ple*nip"o*ten*cy (?), } n.
The quality or state of being plenipotent.
[R.]
Ple*nip"o*tent (?), a. [L.
plenus full + potens, -entis,
potent.] Possessing full power.
[R.]
Milton.
Plen`i*po*ten"ti*a*ry (?), n.;
pl. Plenipotentiaries (#).
[LL. plenipotentiarius: cf. F.
pl\'82nipotentiaire.] A person invested
with full power to transact any business; especially, an
ambassador or envoy to a foreign court, with full power to
negotiate a treaty, or to transact other business.
Plen`i*po*ten"ti*a*ry, a. Containing or
conferring full power; invested with full power; as,
plenipotentiary license; plenipotentiary
ministers.
Howell.
Plen"ish (?), v. t. [See
Replenish.] 1. To replenish.
[Obs.]
T. Reeve.
2. To furnish; to stock, as a house or farm.
[Scot.]
Plen"ish*ing, n. Household furniture;
stock. [Scot.]
Ple"nist (?), n. [L.
plenus full; cf. F. pl\'82niste.]
One who holds that all space is full of matter.
Plen"i*tude (?), n. [L.
plenitudo, fr. plenus full; cf. F.
plenitude.] 1. The quality or
state of being full or complete; fullness; completeness;
abundance; as, the plenitude of space or
power.
2. Animal fullness; repletion; plethora.
[Obs.]
Plen`i*tu`di*na"ri*an (?), n. A
plenist.
Plen`i*tu"di*na*ry (?), a.
Having plenitude; full; complete; thorough.
[Obs.]
Plen"te*ous (?), a. [From
Plenty.] 1. Containing plenty;
abundant; copious; plentiful; sufficient for every purpose;
as, a plenteous supply. \'bdReaping
plenteous crop.\'b8
Milton.
2. Yielding abundance; productive; fruitful.
\'bdThe seven plenteous years.\'b8
Gen. xli. 34.
3. Having plenty; abounding; rich.
The Lord shall make thee plenteous in goods.
Deut. xxviii. 11.
Syn. -- Plentiful; copious; full. See Ample.
-- Plen"te*ous*ly, adv. --
Plen"te*ous*ness, n.
Plen"te*vous (?), a.
Plenteous. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Plen"ti*ful (?), a. 1.
Containing plenty; copious; abundant; ample; as, a
plentiful harvest; a plentiful supply of
water.
2. Yielding abundance; prolific; fruitful.
If it be a long winter, it is commonly a more
plentiful year.
Bacon.
3. Lavish; profuse; prodigal.
[Obs.]
He that is plentiful in expenses will hardly be
preserved from
Bacon.
-- Plen"ti*ful*ly, adv. --
Plen"ti*ful*ness, n.
Plen"ty (?), n.; pl.
Plenties (#), in Shak.
[OE. plentee, plente, OF.
plent\'82, fr. L. plenitas, fr.
plenus full. See Full, a., and cf.
Complete.] Full or adequate supply; enough
and to spare; sufficiency; specifically, abundant productiveness
of the earth; ample supply for human wants; abundance;
copiousness. \'bdPlenty of corn and wine.\'b8
Gen. xxvii. 28. \'bdPromises Britain peace and
plenty.\'b8 Shak.
Houses of office stuffed with plentee.
Chaucer.
The teeming clouds Descend in gladsome plenty o'er
the world.
Thomson.
Syn. -- Abundance; exuberance. See Abundance.
Plen"ty, a. Plentiful; abundant.
[Obs. or Colloq.]
If reasons were as plenty as blackberries.
Shak. (Folio ed.)
Those countries where shrubs are plenty.
Goldsmith.
\'d8Ple"num (?), n. [L., fr.
plenus full.] That state in which every
part of space is supposed to be full of matter; -- opposed to
vacuum.
G. Francis.
Ple`o*chro"ic (?), a. Having
the property of pleochroism.
Ple*och"ro*ism (?), n. [Gr./
mor/ + / color.] (Crystallog.) The
property possessed by some crystals, of showing different colors
when viewed in the direction of different axes.
Ple*och`ro*mat"ic (?), a.
Pleochroic.
Ple`o*chro"ma*tism (?), n.
Pleochroism.
Ple*och"ro*ous (?), a.
Pleochroic.
Ple`o*mor"phic (?), a.
Pertaining to pleomorphism; as, the pleomorphic
character of bacteria.
Ple`o*mor"phism (?), n. [Gr.
/ more + / form.] 1. (Crystallog.)
The property of crystallizing under two or more distinct
fundamental forms, including dimorphism and
trimorphism.
2. (Biol.) The theory that the various
genera of bacteria are phases or variations of growth of a number
of Protean species, each of which may exhibit, according to
undetermined conditions, all or some of the forms characteristic
of the different genera and species.<-- thoroughly
discredited, except for a few apparent examples of such a
phenomenon. -->
Ple`o*mor"phous (?), a. Having
the property of pleomorphism.
Ple"o*nasm, (/) n. [L.
pleonasmus, Gr. /, fr. / to be more than enough,
to abound, fr./, neut. of /, more, compar. of / much. See
Full, a., and cf. Poly-, Plus.]
(Rhet.) Redundancy of language in speaking or
writing; the use of more words than are necessary to express the
idea; as, I saw it with my own eyes.
Ple"o*nast (?), n. One who is
addicted to pleonasm. [R.]
C. Reade.
Ple"o*naste, n. [Gr./ abundant, rich;
cf. F. pl\'82onaste.]
(Min.) A black variety of spinel.
{ Ple`o*nas"tic (?),
Ple`o*nas"tic*al (?), } a.
[Cf. F. pl\'82onastique.] Of or
pertaining to pleonasm; of the nature of pleonasm;
redundant.
Ple`o*nas"tic*al*ly, adv. In a
pleonastic manner.
Ple"o*pod (?), n.; pl. E.
Pleopods (#), L. Pleopoda
(#). [Gr. / to swim +
-pod.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the
abdominal legs of a crustacean. See Illust. under
Crustacea.
Ple"rome (?), n. [Gr. / that
which fills up, fr. / to fill.] (Bot.)
The central column of parenchyma in a growing stem or
root.
Ple*roph"o*ry (?), n. [Gr. /;
/ full + / to bear.] Fullness; full
persuasion. \'bdA plerophory of assurance.\'b8
Bp. Hall.
Ples"ance (?), n.
Pleasance. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Plesh (?), n. A pool; a
plash. [Obs.] Spenser.
Ple`si*mor"phism (?), n. [Gr.
/ near + / form.] (Crystallog.) The
property possessed by some substances of crystallizing in closely
similar forms while unlike in chemical composition.
Ple`si*o*mor"phous (?), a.
Nearly alike in form.
Ple"si*o*saur (?), n.
(Paleon.) One of the Plesiosauria.
\'d8Ple`si*o*sau"ri*a (?), n. pl.
[NL. See Plesiosaurus.] (Paleon.)
An extinct order of Mesozoic marine reptiles including the
genera Plesiosaurus, and allied forms; -- called also
Sauropterygia.
Ple`si*o*sau"ri*an (?), n.
(Paleon.) A plesiosaur.
\'d8Ple`si*o*sau"rus (?), n.;
pl. Plesiosauri (#). [NL.,
fr. Gr / near + / a lizard.] (Paleon.)
A genus of large extinct marine reptiles, having a very long
neck, a small head, and paddles for swimming. It lived in the
Mesozoic age.
Ples*sim"e*ter (?), n. See
Pleximeter.
Plete (?), v. t. & i. To
plead. [Obs.]
P. Plowman.
Pleth"o*ra (?), n. [NL., fr.
Gr. /, fr. / to be or become full. Cf.
Pleonasm.] 1. Overfullness;
especially, excessive fullness of the blood vessels; repletion;
that state of the blood vessels or of the system when the blood
exceeds a healthy standard in quantity; hyper\'91mia; -- opposed
to an\'91mia.
2. State of being overfull; excess;
superabundance.
He labors under a plethora of wit and
imagination.
Jeffrey.
Pleth`o*ret"ic (?), a.
Plethoric. [Obs.]
Johnson.
Ple*thor"ic (?), a. [Gr. /;
cf. F. pl\'82thorique.] Haeving a full
habit of body; characterized by plethora or excess of blood;
as, a plethoric constitution; -- used also
metaphorically. \'bdPlethoric phrases.\'b8
Sydney Smith. \'bdPlethoric fullness of
thought.\'b8 De Quincey.
Ple*thor"ic*al (?), a.
Plethoric. [R.] --
Ple*thor"ic*al*ly,
adv.
Burke.
Pleth"o*ry (?), n.
Plethora.
Jer. Taylor.
{ \'d8Pleth"ron (?),
\'d8Pleth"rum (?), } n.;
pl. Plethra (#). [NL., fr.
Gr. /.] (Gr. Antiq.) A long measure of
100 Greek, or 101 English, feet; also, a square measure of 10,000
Greek feet.
\'d8Pleth"ys*mo*graph (?), n.
[Gr. / an enlargement + -graph.]
(Physiol.) An instrument for determining and
registering the variations in the size or volume of a limb, as
the arm or leg, and hence the variations in the amount of blood
in the limb.
-- Pleth`ys*mo*graph"ic (#),
a.
<-- p. 1100 -->
<-- p. 100 -->
Pleth`ys*mog"ra*phy (?), n.
(Physiol.) The study, by means of the
plethysmograph, of the variations in size of a limb, and hence of
its blood supply.
\'d8Pleu"ra (?), n.,
pl. of Pleuron.
Pleu"ra, n.; pl. L. Pleur\'91
(#), E. Pleuras (#).
[NL., n. fem., fr. Gr. / a rib, the
side.] 1. (Anat.) (a) The
smooth serous membrane which closely covers the lungs and the
adjacent surfaces of the thorax; the pleural membrane.
(b) The closed sac formed by the pleural membrane
about each lung, or the fold of membrane connecting each lung
with the body wall.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Same as
Pleuron.
Pleu"ral (?), a. (Anat.)
Of or pertaining to the pleura or pleur\'91, or to the sides
of the thorax.
\'d8Pleu*ral"gi*a (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. / rib + / pain.] (Med.) Pain in
the side or region of the ribs.
\'d8Pleu`ra*poph"y*sis (?), n.;
pl. Pleurapophyses (#). [NL.
See Pleura, and Apophysis.]
(Anat.) One of the ventral processes of a
vertebra, or the dorsal element in each half of a hemal arch,
forming, or corresponding to, a vertebral rib. --
Pleu*rap`o*phys"i*al (#),
a.
Owen.
Pleu*ren"chy*ma (?), n. [Gr.
/ side + /, as in parenchyma.]
(Bot.) A tissue consisting of long and slender
tubular cells, of which wood is mainly composed.
Pleu"ric (?), a. (Anat.)
Pleural.
Pleu"ri*sy (?), n. [F.
pleur\'82sie, L. pleurisis,
pleuritis, Gr pleyri^tis (sc.
no`sos), fr. pleyra` rib, side.]
(Med.) An inflammation of the pleura, usually
accompanied with fever, pain, difficult respiration, and cough,
and with exudation into the pleural cavity.
Pleurisy root. (Bot.) (a)
The large tuberous root of a kind of milkweed (Asclepias
tuberosa) which is used as a remedy for pleuritic and other
diseases. (b) The plant itself, which has deep
orange-colored flowers; -- called also butterfly
weed.
Pleu"rite (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) Same as Pleuron.
{ Pleu*rit"ic (?), Pleu*rit"ic*al
(?), } a. [L.
pleuriticus, Gr. /: cf. F.
pleur\'82tique.] (Med.) (a)
Of or pertaining to pleurisy; as, pleuritic
symptoms. (b) Suffering from
pleurisy.
\'d8Pleu*ri"tis (?), n.
[L.] (Med.) Pleurisy.
Pleu"ro- (?). [See Pleura.]
A combining form denoting relation to a side;
specif., connection with, or situation in
or near, the pleura; as,
pleuroperitoneum.
\'d8Pleu`ro*brach"i*a (?), n.
[NL. See Pleuro-, and Brachium.]
(Zo\'94l.) A genus of ctenophores having an ovate
body and two long plumose tentacles.
Pleu"ro*branch (?), n. [See
Pleuro-, and Branchia.]
(Zo\'94l.) Any one of the gills of a crustacean
that is attached to the side of the thorax.
\'d8Pleu`ro*bran"chi*a (?), n.;
pl. Pleuroeranchi\'91 (#).
[NL.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as
Pleurobranch.
Pleu"ro*carp (?), n.
[Pleuro- + Gr. / fruit.]
(Bot.) Any pleurocarpic moss.
{ Pleu`ro*car"pic (?),
Pleu`ro*car"pous (?), } a.
(Bot.) Side-fruited; -- said of those true mosses
in which the pedicels or the capsules are from lateral
archegonia; -- opposed to acrocarpous.
\'d8Pleu`ro*cen"trum (?), n.
[NL. see Pleuro-, and Centrum.]
(Anat.) One of the lateral elements in the centra
of the vertebr\'91 in some fossil batrachians.
\'d8Plu*rod"e*res (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / the side + / the neck.]
(Zo\'94l.) A group of fresh-water turtles in
which the neck can not be retracted, but is bent to one side, for
protection. The matamata is an example.
Pleu"ro*dont (?), a.
[Pleuro- + Gr. /, /, a tooth.]
(Anat.) Having the teeth consolidated with the
inner edge of the jaw, as in some lizards.
Pleu"ro*dont, n. (Zo\'94l.)
Any lizard having pleurodont teeth.
\'d8Pleu`ro*dyn"i*a (?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. / side + / pain.] (Med.)
A painful affection of the side, simulating pleurisy,
usually due to rheumatism.
\'d8Pleu"ron (?), n.; pl.
Pleura (#). [NL., fr. Gr. / a
rib.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) One of the
sides of an animal. (b) One of the lateral
pieces of a somite of an insect. (c) One of
lateral processes of a somite of a crustacean.
Pleu`ro*nec"toid (?), a. [NL.
Pleuronectes, name of a genus (fr. Gr. / rib + / a
swimmer) + -oid.] (Zo\'94l.)
Pertaining to the Pleuronectid\'91, or Flounder
family.
Pleu`ro*per`i*car"di*al (?), a.
(Anat.) Of or pertaining to the pleura and
pericardium.
Pleu`ro*per`ip*neu"mo*ny (?), n.
[Pleuro- + peripneumony.]
(Med.) Pleuropneumonia.
Pleu`ro*per`i*to*ne"al (?), a.
(Anat.) Of or pertaining to the pleural and
peritoneal membranes or cavities, or to the
pleuroperitoneum.
Pleu`ro*per`i*to*ne"um (?), n.
[Pleuro- + peritoneum.]
(Anat.) The pleural and peritoneal membranes, or
the membrane lining the body cavity and covering the surface of
the inclosed viscera; the peritoneum; -- used especially in the
case of those animals in which the body cavity is not
divided.
Peritoneum is now often used in the sense
of pleuroperitoneum, the pleur\'91 being regarded as a
part of the peritoneum, when the body cavity is undivided.
Pleu`ro*pneu*mo"ni*a (?), n.
[Pleuro- + pneumonia.]
(Med.) Inflammation of the pleura and lungs; a
combination of pleurisy and pneumonia, esp. a kind of contagions
and fatal lung plague of cattle.
\'d8Pleu*rop"te*ra (?), n. pl
[NL., fr. Gr. / side + / wing.]
(Zo\'94l.) A group of Isectivora, including the
colugo.
\'d8Pleu`ro*sig"ma (?), n. [NL.
See Pleuro-, and Sigma.]
(Bot.) A genus of diatoms of elongated elliptical
shape, but having the sides slightly curved in the form of a
letter S. Pleurosigma
angulatum has very fine striations, and is a favorite
object for testing the high powers of microscopes.
\'d8Pleu*ros"te*on (?), n.; pl.
L. Pleurostea (#), E. -ons
(#). [NL., fr. Gr. / a rib + / a
bone.] (Anat.) The antero-lateral piece
which articulates the sternum of birds.
\'d8Pleu`ro*thot"o*nus (?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. / from the side + / a stretching.]
(Med.) A species of tetanus, in which the body is
curved laterally.
Quain. Dunglison.
\'d8Pleu*rot"o*ma (?), n.; pl.
L. Pleurotom\'91 (#), E.
Pleurotomas (#). [NL., fr. Gr. /
the side + / a cut.] (Zo\'94l.) Any
marine gastropod belonging to Pleurotoma, and ether
allied genera of the family Pleurotmid\'91. The
species are very numerous, especially in tropical seas. The outer
lip has usually a posterior notch or slit.
Plev"in (?), n. [OF.
plevine. See Replevin.] A warrant
or assurance. [Obs.]
Plex"i*form (?), a.
[Plexus + -form: cf. F.
Plexiforme.] Like network;
complicated.<-- sic. no det. -->
Quincy.
Plex*im"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. /
stroke, percussion (from / to strike) +
-meter.] (Med.) A small, hard,
elastic plate, as of ivory, bone, or rubber, placed in contact
with body to receive the blow, in examination by mediate
percussion. [Written also
plexometer.]
Plex"ure (?), n. [See
Plexus.] The act or process of weaving
together, or interweaving; that which is woven together.
H. Brooke.
Plex"us (?), n.; pl. L.
Plexus, E. Plexuses (#).
[L., a twining, braid, fr. plectere,
plexum, to twine, braid.] 1.
(Anat.) A network of vessels, nerves, or
fibers.
2. (Math.) The system of equations
required for the complete expression of the relations which exist
between a set of quantities.
Brande & C.
Pley (?), v. & n. See
Play. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Pley (?), a. Full See
Plein. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Pleyt (?), n. (Naut.)
An old term for a river boat.
Pli`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The
quality or state of being pliable; flexibility; as,
pliability of disposition.
\'bdPliability of movement.\'b8
Sir W. Scott.
Pli"a*ble (?), a. [F., fr.
plier to bend, to fold. See Ply,
v.] 1. Capable of being plied,
turned, or bent; easy to be bent; flexible; pliant; supple;
limber; yielding; as, willow is a pliable
plant.
2. Flexible in disposition; readily yielding to
influence, arguments, persuasion, or discipline; easy to be
persuaded; -- sometimes in a bad sense; as, a
pliable youth. \'bdPliable she
promised to be.\'b8
Dr. H. More.
-- Pli"a*ble*ness, n. --
Pli"a*bly, adv.
Pli"an*cy (?), n. The quality
or state of being pliant in sense; as, the pliancy
of a rod. \'bdAvaunt all specious pliancy
of mind.\'b8
Wordsworth.
Pli"ant (?), a. [F.
pliant, p. pr. of plier to bend. See
Ply, v.] 1. Capable of
plying or bending; readily yielding to force or pressure without
breaking; flexible; pliable; lithe; limber; plastic; as, a
pliant thread; pliant wax. Also used
figuratively: Easily influenced for good or evil; tractable;
as, a pliant heart.
The will was then ductile and pliant to right
reason.
South.
2. Favorable to pliancy. [R.]
\'bdA pliant hour.\'b8
Shak.
-- Pli"ant*ly, adv. --
Pli"ant*ness, n.
\'d8Pli"ca (?), n. [LL., a
fold, fr. L. plicare to fold. See Ply,
v.] 1. (Med.) A disease
of the hair (Plica polonica), in which it becomes
twisted and matted together. The disease is of Polish origin, and
is hence called also Polish plait.
Dunglison.
2. (Bot.) A diseased state in plants in
which there is an excessive development of small entangled twigs,
instead of ordinary branches.
3. (Zo\'94l.) The bend of the wing of a
bird.
{ Pli"cate (?), Pli"ca*ted
(?), } a. [L. plicatus,
p. p. of plicare to fold.] Plaited; folded
like a fan; as, a plicate leaf. --
Pli"cate*ly (#),
adv.
Pli*ca"tion (?), n. A folding
or fold; a plait.
Richardson.
Plic"a*ture (?), n. [L.
plicatura, fr. plicare to fold.]
A fold; a doubling; a plication.
Dr. H. More.
Plic`i*den"tine (?), n. [LL.
plica fold + E. dentine.]
(Anat.) A form of dentine which shows sinuous
lines of structure in a transverse section of the tooth.
Plied (?), imp. & p. p. of
Ply.
Pli"ers (?), n. pl. [From
Ply to bend, fold.] A kind of small pinchers
with long jaws, -- used for bending or cutting metal rods or
wire, for handling small objects such as the parts of a watch,
etc.
Pli"form (?), a [Ply
a fold + -form.] In the form of a ply,
fold, or doubling. [Obs.]
Pennant.
Plight (?), obs. imp. &
p. p. of Plight, to pledge.
Chaucer.
Plight, obs. imp. & p. p.
of Pluck.
Chaucer.
Plight, v. t. [OE. pliten;
probably through Old French, fr. LL. plectare, L.
plectere. See Plait, Ply.]
To weave; to braid; to fold; to
plait.[Obs.] \'bdTo sew and
plight.\'b8<-- in the sense of fold, = pleat [plait 2
in MW10]-->
Chaucer.
A plighted garment of divers colors.
Milton.
Plight (?), n. A network; a
plait; a fold; rarely a garment. [Obs.]
\'bdMany a folded plight.\'b8<-- = pleat -->
Spenser.
Plight, n. [OE. pliht danger,
engagement, AS. pliht danger, fr. ple\'a2n
to risk; akin to D. plicht duty, G.
pflicht, Dan. pligt. Play.] 1. That which is exposed to
risk; that which is plighted or pledged; security; a gage; a
pledge. \'bdThat lord whose hand must take my
plight.\'b8
Shak.
2. [Perh. the same word as plight a
pledge, but at least influenced by OF. plite,
pliste, ploit, ploi, a
condition, state; cf. E. plight to fold, and F.
pli a fold, habit, plier to fold, E.
ply.] Condition; state; -- risk, or
exposure to danger, often being implied; as, a luckless
plight. \'bdYour plight is
pitied.\'b8
Shak.
To bring our craft all in another plight
Chaucer.
Plight, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Plighted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Plighting.] [AS. plihtan to
expose to danger, pliht danger;cf. D.
verplichten to oblige, engage, impose a duty, G.
verpflichten, Sw. f\'94rplikta, Dan.
forpligte. See Plight, n.]
1. To pledge; to give as a pledge for the
performance of some act; as, to plight faith, honor,
word; -- never applied to property or goods. \'bd To do them
plighte their troth.\'b8
Piers Plowman.
He plighted his right hand
Unto another love, and to another land.
Spenser.
Here my inviolable faith I plight.
Dryden.
2. To promise; to engage; to betroth.
Before its setting hour, divide
The bridegroom from the plighted bride.
Sir W. Scott.
Plight"er (?), n. One who, or
that which, plights.
Plim (?), v. i. [Cf.
Plump.] To swell, as grain or wood with
water. [Prov. Eng.]
Grose.
Plim"soll's mark` (?). (Naut.)
A mark conspicuously painted on the port side of all British
sea-going merchant vessels, to indicate the limit of submergence
allowed by law; -- so called from Samuel Plimsoll, by
whose efforts the act of Parliament to prevent overloading was
procured.
Plinth (?), n. [L.
plinthus, Gr. / a brick or tile, a plinth, perh.
akin to E. flint: cf. F. plinthe.]
(Arch.) In classical architecture, a vertically faced member
immediately below the circular base of a column; also, the lowest
member of a pedestal; hence, in general, the lowest member of a
base; a sub-base; a block upon which the moldings of an
architrave or trim are stopped at the bottom. See
Illust. of Column.
Pli"o*cene (?), a. [Written
also pleiocene.] [Gr. / more + / new,
recent.] (Geol.) Of, pertaining to, or
characterizing, the most recent division of the Tertiary
age.
Pli"o*cene, n. (Geol.) The
Pliocene period or deposits.
\'d8Pli`o*hip"pus (?), n. [NL.,
fr. E. pliocene + Gr. / horse.]
(Paleon.) An extinct genus of horses from the
Pliocene deposits. Each foot had a single toe (or hoof), as in
the common horse.
\'d8Pli`o*sau"rus (?), n. [NL.,
from Gr. / greater + / lizard.] (Paleon.)
An extinct genus of marine reptiles allied to Plesiosaurus,
but having a much shorter neck.
Plitt (?), n. [Russ.
plete.] An instrument of punishment or
torture resembling the knout, used in Russia.
Ploc (?), n. [F.]
(Naut.) A mixture of hair and tar for covering
the bottom of a ship.
\'d8Plo"ce (?), n. [L., fr. Gr.
/ complication, fr. / to entwine.] (Rhet.)
A figure in which a word is separated or repeated by way of
emphasis, so as not only to signify the individual thing denoted
by it, but also its peculiar attribute or quality; as,
\'bdHis wife's a wife indeed.\'b8
Bailey.
Plod (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Plodded
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Plodding.] [Gf. Gael. plod a
clod, a pool; also, to strike or pelt with a clod or
clods.] 1. To travel slowly but steadily; to
trudge.
Shak.
2. To toil; to drudge; especially, to study
laboriously and patiently. \'bdPlodding
schoolmen.\'b8
Drayton.
Plod, v. t. To walk on slowly or
heavily.
The ploughman homeward plods his weary way.
Gray.
Plod"der (?), n. One who plods;
a drudge.
Plod"ding (?), a. Progressing
in a slow, toilsome manner; characterized by laborious diligence;
as, a plodding peddler; a plodding student;
a man of plodding habits.
--Plod"ding*ly, adv.
Plonge (?), v. t. [See
Plunge.] To cleanse, as open drains which are
entered by the tide, by stirring up the sediment when the tide
ebbs.
\'d8Plon`g\'82e" (?), n. [F.
See Plunge.] (Mil.) A slope or
sloping toward the front; as, the plong\'82e of a
parapet; the plong\'82e of a shell in its
course. [Sometimes written
plonge.]
Plot (?), n. [AS.
plot; cf. Goth. plats a patch. Cf.
Plat a piece of ground.] 1. A small
extent of ground; a plat; as, a garden
plot.
Shak.
2. A plantation laid out. [Obs.]
Sir P. Sidney.
3. (Surv.) A plan or draught of a field,
farm, estate, etc., drawn to a scale.
Plot, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Plotted (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Plotting.] To make a plot,
map, pr plan, of; to mark the position of on a plan; to
delineate.
This treatise plotteth down Cornwall as it now
standeth.
Carew.
Plot, n. [Abbrev. from
complot.] 1. Any scheme,
stratagem, secret design, or plan, of a complicated nature,
adapted to the accomplishment of some purpose, usually a
treacherous and mischievous one; a conspiracy; an intrigue;
as, the Rye-house Plot.
I have overheard a plot of death.
Shak.
O, think what anxious moments pass between
The birth of plots and their last fatal periods!
Addison.
2. A share in such a plot or scheme; a
participation in any stratagem or conspiracy.
[Obs.]
And when Christ saith. Who marries the divorced commits
adultery, it is to be understood, if he had any plot
in the divorce.
Milton.
<-- p. 101 -->
3. Contrivance; deep reach thought; ability to plot
or intrigue. [Obs.] \'bdA man of much
plot.\'b8
Denham.
4. A plan; a purpose. \'bdNo other
plot in their religion but serve Got and save their
souls.\'b8
Jer. Taylor.
5. In fiction, the story of a play, novel, romance,
or poem, comprising a complication of incidents which are
gradually unfolded, sometimes by unexpected means.
If the plot or intrigue must be natural, and such
as springs from the subject, then the winding up of the
plot must be a probable consequence of all that went
before.
Pope.
Syn. -- Intrigue; stratagem; conspiracy; cabal; combination;
contrivance.
Plot (?), v. i. 1. To
form a scheme of mischief against another, especially against a
government or those who administer it; to conspire.
Shak.
The wicked plotteth against the just.
Ps. xxxvii. 12.
2. To contrive a plan or stratagem; to
scheme.
The prince did plot to be secretly gone.
Sir H. Wotton.
Plot, v. t. To plan; to scheme; to
devise; to contrive secretly. \'bdPlotting an
unprofitable crime.\'b8 Dryden. \'bdPlotting
now the fall of others.\'b8
Milton
Plot"ful (?), a. Abounding with
plots.
Ple*tin"i*an (?), a.Of
pertaining to the Plotinists or their doctrines.
Plo*ti"nist (?), n. (Eccl.
Hist.) A disciple of Plotinus, a celebrated Platonic
philosopher of the third century, who taught that the human soul
emanates from the divine Being, to whom it reunited at
death.
Plot"-proof` (?), a. Secure
against harm by plots.
Shak.
Plot"ter (?), n. One who plots
or schemes; a contriver; a conspirator; a schemer.
Dryden.
Plough (?), n. & v. See
Plow.
Plov"er (?), n. [OF.
plovier, F. pluvier, prop., the rain bird,
fr. LL. (assumed) pluviarius, fr. L. pluvia
rain, from pluere to rain; akin to E.
float, G. fliessen to flow. See
Float.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) Any
one of numerous species of limicoline birds belonging to the
family Charadrid\'91, and especially those belonging
to the subfamily Charadrins\'91. They are prized as
game birds.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Any grallatorial bird
allied to, or resembling, the true plovers, as the crab plover
(Dromas ardeola); the American upland, plover
(Bartramia longicauda); and other species of
sandpipers.
blackbellied,
(Charadrius squatarola) of America and Europe; --
called also gray plover, bull-head
plover, Swiss plover, sea
plover, and oxeye; the golden
plover (see under Golden); the ring (\'92gialitis hiaticula). See
Ringneck. The piping plover
(\'92gialitis meloda); Wilson's plover
(\'92. Wilsonia); the mountain plover
(\'92. montana); and the semipalmated
plover (\'92. semipalmata), are all small
American species.
Bastard plover (Zo\'94l.), the
lapwing. -- Long-legged, yellow-legged, plover. See
Tattler. -- Plover's page, the
dunlin. [Prov. Eng.] -- Rock
plover, Stone plover, the
black-bellied plover. [Prov. Eng.] --
Whistling plover. (a) The golden
plover. (b) The black-bellied plover.
{ Plow, Plough } (plou),
n. [OE. plouh, plou, AS.
pl\'d3h; akin to D. ploeg, G.
pflug, OHG. pfluog, pfluoh,
Icel. pl\'d3gr, Sw. plog, Dan.
ploug, plov, Russ. plug', Lith.
plugas.] 1. A well-known
implement, drawn by horses, mules, oxen, or other power, for
turning up the soil to prepare it for bearing crops; also used to
furrow or break up the soil for other purposes; as, the
subsoil plow; the draining plow.
Where fern succeeds ungrateful to the plow.
Dryden.
2. Fig.: Agriculture; husbandry.
Johnson.
3. A carucate of land; a plowland.
[Obs.] [Eng.]
Johan, mine eldest son, shall have plowes five.
Tale of Gamelyn.
4. A joiner's plane for making grooves; a grooving
plane.
5. (Bookbinding) An implement for
trimming or shaving off the edges of books.
6. (Astron.) Same as Charles's
Wain.
Ice plow, a plow used for cutting ice on
rivers, ponds, etc., into cakes suitable for storing.
[U. S.] -- Mackerel plow. See under
Mackerel. -- Plow alms, a penny
formerly paid by every plowland to the church.
Cowell. -- Plow beam, that part of
the frame of a plow to which the draught is applied. See
Beam, n., 9. -- Plow Monday,
the Monday after Twelth Day, or the end of Christmas
holidays. -- Plow staff. (a) A kind
of long-handled spade or paddle for cleaning the plowshare; a
paddle staff. (b) A plow handle. --
Snow plow, a structure, usually
{ Plow, Plough, } v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Plowed
(ploud) or Ploughed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Plowing or Ploughing.] 1.
To turn up, break up, or trench, with a plow; to till with,
or as with, a plow; as, to plow the ground; to
plow a field.
2. To furrow; to make furrows, grooves, or ridges
in; to run through, as in sailing.
Let patient Octavia plow thy visage up
With her prepared nails.
Shak.
With speed we plow the watery way.
Pope.
3. (Bookbinding) To trim, or shave off
the edges of, as a book or paper, with a plow. See Plow,
n., 5.
4. (Joinery) To cut a groove in, as in a
plank, or the edge of a board; especially, a rectangular groove
to receive the end of a shelf or tread, the edge of a panel, a
tongue, etc.
To plow in, to cover by plowing; as,
to plow in wheat. -- To plow up,
to turn out of the ground by plowing.<-- plow
ahead, to continue in spite of obstacles or resistence
by others. Often used in a bad sense, meaning to
continue obstinately in spite of the contrary advice of
others. plow through, to execute a
difficult or laborious task steadily, esp. one containing many
parts; as, he plowed through the stack of correspondence until
all had been answered. -->
{ Plow, Plough } (plou),
v. i. To labor with, or as with, a plow; to till
or turn up the soil with a plow; to till or turn up the soil with
a plow; to prepare the soil or bed for anything.
Shak.
Doth the plowman plow all day to sow ?
Isa. xxviii. 24.
{ Plow"a*ble, Plough"a*ble }
(?), a. Capable of being plowed;
arable.
{ Plow"bote`, Plough"bote` }
(?), n. (Eng. Law) Wood or
timber allowed to a tenant for the repair of instruments of
husbandry. See Bote.
{ Plow"boy`, Plough"boy` },
n. A boy that drives or guides a team in plowing;
a young rustic.
{ Plow"er, Plough"er }
(?), n. One who plows; a plowman; a
cultivator.
{ Plow"foot`, Plough"foot` }
(?), n. An adjustable staff formerly
attached to the plow beam to determine the depth of the
furrow.
Piers Plowman.
{ Plow"gang`, Plough"gang` }
(?), n. Same as Plowgate.
{ Plow"gate`, Plough"gate` }
(?), n. The Scotch equivalent of the
English word plowland.
Not having one plowgate of land.
Sir W. Scott.
{ Plow"head`, Plough"head` }
(?), n. The clevis or draught iron of a
plow.
{ Plow"land`, Ploug"land` }
(?), n. 1. Land that is plowed,
or suitable for tillage.
2. (O. Eng. Law) the quantity of land
allotted for the work of one plow; a hide.
{ Plow"man, Plough"man }
(?), n.; pl. -men
(/). 1. One who plows, or who
holds and guides a plow; hence, a husbandman.
Chaucer. Macaulay.
2. A rustic; a countryman; a field laborer.
Plowman's spikenard (Bot.), a
European composite weed (Conyza squarrosa), having
fragrant roots.
Dr. Prior.
{ Plow"point`, Plough"point` }
(?), n. A detachable share at the
extreme front end of the plow body.
{ Plow"share`, Plough"share" }
(?), n. The share of a plow, or that
part which cuts the slice of earth or sod at the bottom of the
furrow.
Plowshare bone (Anat.), the
pygostyle.
{ Plow"tail`, Plough"tail` }
(?), n. The hind part or handle of a
plow.
{ Plow"wright`, Plough"wright` }
(?), n. One who makes or repairs
plows.
Ploy (?), n. Sport;
frolic. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]
Ploy, v. i. [Prob. abbrev. fr.
deploy.] (Mil.) To form a column
from a line of troops on some designated subdivision; -- the
opposite of deploy.
Wilhelm.
Ploy"ment (?), n. (Mil.)
The act or movement of forming a column from a line of
troops on some designated subdivision; -- the opposite of
deployment.
Pluck (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Plucked
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Plucking.] [AS. pluccian;
akin to LG. & D. plukken, G. pfl\'81cken,
Icel. plokka, plukka, Dan.
plukke, Sw. plocka. /27.]
1. To pull; to draw.
Its own nature . . . plucks on its own
dissolution.
Je/. Taylor.
2. Especially, to pull with sudden force or effort,
or to pull off or out from something, with a twitch; to twitch;
also, to gather, to pick; as, to pluck feathers from
a fowl; to pluck hair or wool from a skin; to
pluck grapes.
I come to pluck your berries harsh and crude.
Milton.
E'en children followed, with endearing wile,
And plucked his gown to share the good man's
smile.
Goldsmith.
3. To strip of, or as of, feathers; as, to
pluck a fowl.
They which pass by the way do pluck her.
Ps. lxxx./2.
4. (Eng. Universities) To reject at an
examination for degrees.
C. Bront\'82.
To pluck away, to pull away, or to separate by
pulling; to tear away. -- To pluck down, to
pull down; to demolish; to reduce to a lower state. --
to pluck off, to pull or tear off; as, to
pluck off the skin. -- to pluck up.
(a) To tear up by the roots or from the foundation;
to eradicate; to exterminate; to destroy; as, to pluck
up a plant; to pluk up a nation. Jer.
xii. 17. (b) To gather up; to summon; as,
to pluck up courage.
Pluck, v. i. To make a motion of pulling
or twitching; -- usually with at; as, to
pluck at one's gown.
Pluck, n. 1. The act of
plucking; a pull; a twitch.
2. [Prob. so called as being plucked out
after the animal is killed; or cf. Gael. & Ir. pluc a
lump, a knot, a bunch.] The heart, liver, and lights
of an animal.
3. Spirit; courage; indomitable resolution;
fortitude.
Decay of English spirit, decay of manly pluck.
Thackeray.
4. The act of plucking, or the state of being
plucked, at college. See Pluck, v. t.,
4.
5. (Zo\'94l.) The lyrie.
[Prov. Eng.]
Plucked (?), a. Having courage
and spirit. [R.]
Pluck"er, n. 1. One who, or
that which, plucks.
Thou setter up and plucker down of kings.
Shak.
2. A machine for straightening and cleaning
wool.
Pluck"i*ly (?), adv. In a
plucky manner.
Pluck"i*ness, n. The quality or state of
being plucky.
Pluck"less, a. Without pluck; timid;
faint-hearted.
Pluck"y (?), a.
[Compar. Pluckier (?);
superl. Pluckiest.] Having
pluck or courage; characterized by pluck; displaying pluck;
courageous; spirited; as, a plucky race.
If you're plucky, and not over subject to
fright.
Barham.
Pluff (?), v. t. [Prob. of
imitative origin.] To throw out, as smoke, dust, etc.,
in puffs. [Scot.]
Pluff, n. 1. A puff, as of
smoke from a pipe, or of dust from a puffball; a slight
explosion, as of a small quantity of gunpowder.
[Scot.]
2. A hairdresser's powder puff; also, the act of
using it. [Scot.]
Plug (?), n. [Akin to D.
plug, G. pflock, Dan. pl\'94k,
plug, Sw. plugg; cf. W.
ploc.] 1. Any piece of wood,
metal, or other substance used to stop or fill a hole; a
stopple.
2. A flat oblong cake of pressed tobacco.
[U. S.]
3. A high, tapering silk hat. [Slang,
U.S.]
4. A worthless horse. [Slang,
U.S.]
5. (Building) A block of wood let into a
wall, to afford a hold for nails.
Fire plug, a street hydrant to which hose may
be attached. [U. S.] -- Hawse
plug (Naut.), a plug to stop a hawse
hole. -- Plug and feather. (Stone
Working) See Feather, n., 7.
-- Plug centerbit, a centerbit ending in a small
cylinder instead of a point, so as to follow and enlarge a hole
previously made, or to form a counterbore around it. --
Plug rod (Steam Eng.) , a rod attached
to the beam for working the valves, as in the Cornish
engine. -- Plug valve (Mech.), a
tapering valve, which turns in a case like the plug of
a faucet.
Plug (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Plugged
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Plugging
(?).] To stop with a plug; to make
tight by stopping a hole.
Plug"ger (?), n. One who, or
that which, plugs.
Plug"ging, n. 1. The act of
stopping with a plug.
2. The material of which a plug or stopple is
made.
Plum (?), n.
[AS.pl, fr. L. prunum; akin to
Gr. /, /. Cf. Prune a dried plum.]
1. (Bot.) The edible drupaceous fruit of
the Prunus domestica, and of several other species of
Prunus; also, the tree itself, usually called
plum tree.
The bullace, the damson, and the numerous varieties of
plum, of our gardens, although growing into thornless
trees, are believed to be varieties of the blackthorn, produced
by long cultivation.
G. Bentham.
<-- the types marked are in bold format, like collocations.
-->
Prunus domestica are described; among them the
greengage, the Orleans, the purple
gage, or Reine Claude Violette, and the
German prune, are some of the best known.
Beach plum, the
Prunus maritima, and its crimson or purple globular
drupes, -- Bullace plum. See Bullace. --
Chickasaw plum, the American Prunus
Chicasa, and its round red drupes. -- Orleans
plum, a dark reddish purple plum of medium size, much grown
in England for sale in the markets. -- Wild plum of
America, Prunus Americana, with red or yellow
fruit, the original of the Iowa plum and several
other varieties.
Among plants called plum, but of other genera than
Prunus, are; Australian plum,
Cargillia arborea and C. australis, of the
same family with the persimmon. -- Blood plum, the
West African H\'91matostaphes Barteri. -- Cocoa
plum, the Spanish nectarine. See under Nectarine.
-- Date plum. See under Date. --
Gingerbread plum, the West African Parinarium
macrophyllum. -- Gopher plum, the Ogeechee lime.
-- Gray plum, Guinea plum. See
under Guinea. -- Indian plum, several species
of Flacourtia.
2. A grape dried in the sun; a raisin.
3. A handsome fortune or property; formerly, in
cant language, the sum of \'9c100,000 sterling; also, the person
possessing it.
Plum bird, Plum budder
(Zo\'94l.), the European bullfinch. --
Plum gouger (Zo\'94l.), a weevil, or
curculio (Coccotorus scutellaris), which destroys
plums. It makes round holes in the pulp, for the reception of its
eggs. The larva bores into the stone and eats the kernel. --
Plum weevil (Zo\'94l.), an American
weevil which is very destructive to plums, nectarines cherries,
and many other stone fruits. It lays its eggs in crescent-shaped
incisions made with its jaws. The larva lives upon the pulp
around the stone. Called also turk, and
plum curculio. See Illust. under
Curculio.
\'d8Plu"ma (?), n.; pl.
Plum\'91 (#). [L.]
(Zo\'94l.) A feather.
Plum"age (?), n. [F., from
plume a feather.] (Zo\'94l.) The
entire clothing of a bird.
contour feathers, or
the ordinary feathers covering the head, neck, and body; the
tail feathers, with their upper and lower coverts; the
wing feathers, including primaries, secondaries, and
tertiaries, with their coverts; and the down which
lies beneath the contour feathers. See Illust. under
Bird.
Plu*mas"sa*ry (?), n. [Cf. F.
plumasseau.] A plume or collection of
ornamental feathers.
\'d8Plu`mas`sier" (?), n.
[F.] One who prepares or deals in ornamental
plumes or feathers.
Plumb (?), n. [F.
plomb, L. plumbum lead, a leaden ball or
bullet; cf. Gr. /, /, /. Cf. Plummet,
Plunge.] A little mass or weight of lead, or
the like, attached to a line, and used by builders, etc., to
indicate a vertical direction; a plummet; a plumb bob. See
Plumb line, below.
Plumb bob. See Bob, 4. --
Plumb joint, in sheet-metal work, a lap joint,
fastened by solder. -- Plumb level. See under
Level. -- Plumb line. (a)
The cord by which a plumb bob is suspended; a plummet.
(b) A line directed to the center of gravity of the
earth. -- Plumb rule, a narrow board with a
plumb line, used by builders and carpenters.
Plumb, a. Perpendicular; vertical;
conforming the direction of a line attached to a plumb; as,
the wall is plumb.
Plumb, adv. In a plumb direction;
perpendicularly. \'bdPlumb down he falls.\'b8
Milton.
Plumb, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Plumbed (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Plumbing (?).] 1.
To adjust by a plumb line; to cause to be perpendicular;
as, to plumb a building or a wall.
2. To sound with a plumb or plummet, as the depth
of water; hence, to examine by test; to ascertain the depth,
quality, dimension, etc.; to sound; to fathom; to test.
He did not attempt to plumb his intellect.
Ld. Lytton.
3. To seal with lead; as, to plumb a
drainpipe.
4. To supply, as a building, with a system of
plumbing.
Plumb"age (?), n.
Leadwork [R.]
Plum*ba"gin (?), n. [L.
plumbago leadwort, fr. plumbum lead; cf. F.
plombagin.] (Chem.) A
crystalline substance said to be found in the root of a certain
plant of the Leadwort (Plumbago) family.
<-- p. 102 -->
Plum`ba*gin"e*ous (?), a.
(Bot.) Pertaining to natural order
(Plumbagine\'91) of gamopetalous herbs, of which
plumbago is the type. The order includes also the marsh rosemary,
the thrift, and a few other genera.
Plum*bag"i*nous (?), a.
Resembling plumbago; consisting of, or containing, plumbago;
as, a plumbaginous slate.
Plum*ba"go, n. [L., from
plumbum lead.] 1. (Min.)
Same as Graphite.
2. (Bot.) A genus of herbaceous plants
with pretty salver-shaped corollas, usually blue or violet;
leadwort.
{ Plum"be*an (?), Plum"be*ous
(?), } a. [L. plumbeus,
from plumbum the metal lead.] 1.
Consisting of, or resembling, lead.
J. Ellis.
2. Dull; heavy; stupid. [R.]
J. P. Smith.
Plumb"er (?), n. [F.
plombier. See Plumb.] One who
works in lead; esp., one who furnishes, fits, and repairs lead,
iron, or glass pipes, and other apparatus for the conveyance of
water, gas, or drainage in buildings.
Plumb"er block` (?). A pillow block.
Plumb"er*y (?), n. [F.
plomberie.] 1. The business of a
plumber. [Obs.]
2. A place where plumbing is carried on; lead
works.
Plum"bic (?), a. [From
Plumbum.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining
to, resembling, or containing, lead; -- used specifically to
designate those compounds in which it has a higher valence as
contrasted with plumbous compounds; as,
plumbic oxide.
Plum*bif"er*ous (?), a.
[Plumbum + -ferous.]
Producing or containing lead.
Kirwan.
Plumb"ing (?), n. 1.
The art of casting and working in lead, and applying it to
building purposes; especially, the business of furnishing,
fitting, and repairing pipes for conducting water, sewage,
etc.
Gwilt.
2. The lead or iron pipes, and other apparatus,
used in conveying water, sewage, etc., in a building.
Plum"bism (?), n. [From
Plumbum.] (Med.) A diseased
condition, produced by the absorption of lead, common among
workers in this metal or in its compounds, as among painters,
typesetters, etc. It is characterized by various symptoms, as
lead colic, lead line, and wrist drop. See under Colic,
Lead, and Wrist.
Plum"bous (?), a. [From
Plumbum.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining
to, or containing, lead; -- used specifically to designate those
compounds in which it has a lower valence as contrasted with
plumbic compounds.
\'d8Plum"bum (?), n. [L.]
(Chem.) The technical name of lead. See
Lead.
Plume (?), n. [F., fr. L.
pluma. Cf. Fly, v.]
1. A feather; esp., a soft, downy feather, or a
long, conspicuous, or handsome feather.
Wings . . . of many a colored plume.
Milton.
2. (Zo\'94l.) An ornamental tuft of
feathers.
3. A feather, or group of feathers, worn as an
ornament; a waving ornament of hair, or other material resembling
feathers.
His high plume, that nodded o'er his head.
Dryden.
4. A token of honor or prowess; that on which one
prides himself; a prize or reward. \'bdAmbitious to win
from me some plume.\'b8
Milton.
5. (Bot.) A large and flexible panicle
of inflorescence resembling a feather, such as is seen in certain
large ornamental grasses.
Plume bird (Zo\'94l.), any bird
that yields ornamental plumes, especially the species of
Epimarchus from New Guinea, and some of the herons and egrets, as
the white heron of Florida (Ardea candidissima).
-- Plume grass. (Bot) (a) A
kind of grass (Erianthus saccharoides) with the
spikelets arranged in great silky plumes, growing in swamps in
the Southern United States. (b) The still finer
E. Ravenn\'91 from the Mediterranean region. The name
is sometimes extended to the whole genus. -- Plume
moth (Zo\'94l.), any one of numerous small,
slender moths, belonging to the family
Pterophorid\'91. Most of them have the wings deeply
divided into two or more plumelike lobes. Some species are
injurious to the grapevine. -- Plume nutmeg
(Bot.), an aromatic Australian tree
(Atherosperma moschata), whose numerous carpels are
tipped with long plumose persistent styles.
Plume, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Plumed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Pluming.] [Cf. F. plumer to
pluck, to strip, L. plumare to cover with
feathers.] 1. To pick and adjust the plumes
or feathers of; to dress or prink.
Pluming her wings among the breezy bowers.
W. Irving.
2. To strip of feathers; to pluck; to strip; to
pillage; also, to peel. [Obs.]
Bacon. Dryden.
3. To adorn with feathers or plumes.
\'bdFarewell the plumed troop.\'b8
Shak.
4. To pride; to vaunt; to boast; -- used
reflexively; as, he plumes himself on his
skill.
South.
Plumed adder (Zo\'94l.), an African
viper (Vipera, ), having a
plumelike structure over each eye. It is venomous, and is related
to the African puff adder. Called also horned
viper and hornsman. --
Plumed partridge (Zo\'94l.), the
California mountain quail (Oreortyx pictus). See
Mountain quail, under Mountain.
Plume"less (?), a. Without
plumes.
Plume"let (?), n.
[Plume + -let.] A small
plume.
When rosy plumelets tuft the larch.
Tennyson.
Plum"er*y (?), n. Plumes,
collectively or in general; plumage. [R.]
Southey.
Plu"mi*corn (?), n. [L.
pluma feather + cornu horn.]
(Zo\'94l.) An ear tuft of feathers, as in the
horned owls.
Plu*mig"er*ous (?), a. [L.
plumiger; pluma a feather +
gerere to bear.] Feathered; having
feathers.
Bailey
Plu*mil"i*form (?), a. [L.
plumula, or plumella a little feather (dim.
of pluma feather) + -form.]
Having the of a plume or feather. [R.]
Plu"mi*ped (?), a. [L.
plumipes, -edis; pluma a feather
+ pes: cf. F. plumip\'8ade.]
(Zo\'94l.) Having feet covered with
feathers. -- n. A plumiped
bird.
Plum"met (?), n. [OE.
plommet, OF. plommet, fr. plom,
plum, lead, F. plomb. See
Plumb.] 1. A piece of lead attached
to a line, used in sounding the depth of water.
I'll sink him deeper than e'er plummet sounded.
Shak.
2. A plumb bob or a plumb line. See under
Plumb, n.
3. Hence, any weight.
4. A piece of lead formerly used by school children
to rule paper for writing.
Plummet line, a line with a plummet; a
sounding line.
Plum"ming (?), n. [See
Plumb.] (Min.) The operation of
finding, by means of a mine dial, the place where to sink an air
shaft, or to bring an adit to the work, or to find which way the
lode inclines.
Plum"my (?), a. [From
Plum.] Of the nature of a plum; desirable;
profitable; advantageous. [Colloq.] \'bdFor
the sake of getting something plummy.\'b8
G. Eliot.
{ Plu*mose" (?), Plu"mous
(?), } a. [L. plumosus,
fr. pluma feather: cf. F. plumeux.]
1. Having feathers or plumes.
2. Having hairs, or other p\'a0rts, arranged along
an axis like a feather; feathery; plumelike; as, a
plumose leaf; plumose tentacles.
Plu"mo*site (?), n.
(Min.) Same as Jamesonite.
Plu*mos"i*ty (?), n. The
quality or state of being plumose.
Plum (?), a.
[Compar. Plumper (?);
superl. Plumpest.] [OE.
plomp rude, clumsy; akin to D. plomp, G.,
Dan., & Sw. plump; probably of imitative origin. Cf.
Plump, adv.] Well rounded or filled
out; full; fleshy; fat; as, a plump baby;
plump cheeks.
Shak.
The god of wine did his plump clusters bring.
T. Carew.
Plum, n. A knot; a cluster; a group; a
crowd; a flock; as, a plump of trees, fowls, or
spears. [Obs.]
To visit islands and the plumps of men.
Chapman.
Plump, v. i. [Cf. D. plompen,
G. plumpen, Sw. plumpa, Dan.
plumpe. See Plump, a.]
1. To grow plump; to swell out; as, her cheeks
have plumped.
2. To drop or fall suddenly or heavily, all at
once.\'bdDulcissa plumps into a chair.\'b8
Spectator.
3. To give a plumper. See
Plumper, 2.
Plump, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Plumped (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Plumping.] 1. To make
plump; to fill (out) or support; -- often with
up.<-- as, to plump up the pillows -->
To plump up the hollowness of their history with
improbable miracles.
Fuller.
2. To cast or let drop all at once, suddenly and
heavily; as, to plump a stone into water.
3. To give (a vote), as a plumper. See
Plumper, 2.
Plump, adv. [Cf. D. plomp,
interj., G. plump, plumps. Cf.
Plump, a. &v.] Directly;
suddenly; perpendicularly. \'bdFall plump.\'b8
Beau. & Fl.
Plump"er (?), n. 1.
One who, or that which, plumps or swells out something else;
hence, something carried in the mouth to distend the
cheeks.
2. (English Elections) A vote given to
one candidate only, when two or more are to be elected, thus
giving him the advantage over the others. A person who gives his
vote thus is said to plump, or to plump his
vote.
3. A voter who plumps his vote.
[Eng.]
4. A downright, unqualified lie.
[Colloq. or Low]
Plump"ly, adv. Fully; roundly; plainly;
without reserve. [Colloq.]
Plump"ness, n. The quality or state of
being plump.
Plump"y (?), a. Plump; fat;
sleek. \'bdPlumpy Bacchus.\'b8
Shak.
\'d8Plu"mu*la (?), n.; pl. L.
Plumule (#), E.-las
(#). [L. See Plumule.]
1. (Bot.) A plumule.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A down feather.
Plu`mu*la"ceous (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Downy; bearing down.
Plu"mu*lar (?), a. (Bot.)
Relating to a plumule.
\'d8Plu`mu*la"ri*a (?), n.; pl.
L. Plumularl\'91 (#), E.
Plumularias (#). [NL.]
(Zo\'94l.) Any hydroid belonging to
Plumularia and other genera of the family
Plumularid\'91. They generally grow in plumelike
forms.
Plu`mu*la"ri*an (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) Any Plumularia. Also used
adjectively.
Plu"mule (?), n. [L.
plumula, dim. of pluma a feather; cf. F.
plumule.] 1. (Bot.) The
first bud, or gemmule, of a young plant; the bud, or growing
point, of the embryo, above the cotyledons. See
Illust. of Radicle.
Gray.
2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A down
feather. (b) The aftershaft of a feather. See
Illust. under Feather. (c)
One of the featherlike scales of certain male
butterflies.
Plu"mu*lose" (?), a. Having
hairs branching out laterally, like the parts of a feather.
Plum"y (?), a. Covered or
adorned with plumes, or as with plumes; feathery. \'bdHis
plumy crest.\'b8 Addison. \'bdThe
plumy trees.\'b8
J. S. Blackie.
Plun"der (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Plundered
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Plundering.] [G. pl\'81ndern
to plunder, plunder frippery, baggage.]
1. To take the goods of by force, or without right;
to pillage; to spoil; to sack; to strip; to rob; as, to
plunder travelers.
Nebuchadnezzar plunders the temple of God.
South.
2. To take by pillage; to appropriate forcibly;
as, the enemy plundered all the goods they
found.
Syn. -- To pillage; despoil; sack; rifle; strip; rob.
Plun"der (?), n. 1.
The act of plundering or pillaging; robbery. See
Syn. of Pillage.
Inroads and plunders of the Saracens.
Sir T. North.
2. That which is taken by open force from an enemy;
pillage; spoil; booty; also, that which is taken by theft or
fraud. \'bdHe shared in the plunder.\'b8
Cowper.
3. Personal property and effects; baggage or
luggage. [Slang, Southwestern U.S.]
Plun"der*age (?), n. (Mar.
Law) The embezzlement of goods on shipboard.
Wharton.
Plun"der*er (?), n. One who
plunders or pillages.
Plunge (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Plunged
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Plunging
(?).] [OE. ploungen, OF.
plongier, F. plonger, fr. (assumed) LL.
plumbicare, fr. L. plumbum lead. See
Plumb.] 1. To thrust into water, or
into any substance that is penetrable; to immerse; to cause to
penetrate or enter quickly and forcibly; to thrust; as, to
plunge the body into water; to plunge a dagger
into the breast. Also used figuratively; as, to
plunge a nation into war. \'bdTo
plunge the boy in pleasing sleep.\'b8
Dryden.
Bound and plunged him into a cell.
Tennyson.
We shall be plunged into perpetual errors.
I. Watts.
2. To baptize by immersion.
3. To entangle; to embarrass; to overcome.
[Obs.]
Plunged and graveled with three lines of
Seneca.
Sir T. Browne.
Plunge, v. i. 1. To thrust or
cast one's self into water or other fluid; to submerge one's
self; to dive, or to rush in; as, he plunged into
the river. Also used figuratively; as, to
plunge into debt.
Forced to plunge naked in the raging sea.
Dryden.
To plunge into guilt of a murther.
Tillotson.
2. To pitch or throw one's self headlong or
violently forward, as a horse does.
Some wild colt, which . . . flings and plunges.
Bp. Hall.
3. To bet heavily and with seeming recklessness on
a race, or other contest; in an extended sense, to risk large
sums in hazardous speculations. [Cant]
Plunging fire (Gun.), firing
directed upon an enemy from an elevated position.
Plunge, n. 1. The act of
thrusting into or submerging; a dive, leap, rush, or pitch into,
or as into, water; as, to take the water with a
plunge.
2. Hence, a desperate hazard or act; a state of
being submerged or overwhelmed with difficulties.
[R.]
She was brought to that plunge, to conceal her
husband's murder or accuse her son.
Sir P. Sidney.
And with thou not reach out a friendly arm,
To raise me from amidst this plunge of sorrows?
Addison.
3. The act of pitching or throwing one's self
headlong or violently forward, like an unruly horse.
4. Heavy and reckless betting in horse racing;
hazardous speculation. [Cant]
Plunge bath, an immersion by plunging; also, a
large bath in which the bather can wholly immerse himself.
-- Plunge, plunging,
battery (Elec.), a voltaic
battery so arranged that the plates can be plunged into, or
withdrawn from, the exciting liquid at pleasure.
Plun"ger (?), n. 1.
One who, or that which, plunges; a diver.
2. A long solid cylinder, used, instead of a piston
or bucket, as a forcer in pumps.
3. One who bets heavily and recklessly on a race; a
reckless speculator. [Cant]
4. (Pottery) A boiler in which clay is
beaten by a wheel to a creamy consistence.
Knight.
5. (Gun.) The firing pin of a
breechloader.
Plunger bucket, a piston, without a valve, in
a pump. -- Plunger pole, the pump rod of a
pumping engine. -- Plunger pump, a pump, as
for water, having a plunger, instead of a piston, to act upon the
water. It may be single-acting or double-acting
Plun"ket (?), n. A kind of blue
color; also, anciently, a kind of cloth, generally blue.
Plu"per`fect (?), a. [L.
plus more + perfectus perfect; cf. F.
plus-que-parfait, L.
plusquamperfectum.] More than perfect; past
perfect; -- said of the tense which denotes that an action or
event was completed at or before the time of another past action
or event. -- n. The pluperfect tense;
also, a verb in the pluperfect tense.
Plu"ral (?), a [L.
pluralis, from plus, pluris,
more; cf. F. pluriel, OF. plurel. See
Plus.] Relating to, or containing, more than
one; designating two or more; as, a plural
word.
Plural faith, which is too much by one.
Shak.
Plural number (Gram.), the number
which designates more than one. See Number,
n., 8.
Plu"ral, n. (Gram.) The
plural number; that form of a word which expresses or denotes
more than one; a word in the plural form.
Plu"ral*ism (?), n. 1.
The quality or state of being plural, or in the plural
number.
2. (Eccl.) The state of a pluralist; the
holding of more than one ecclesiastical living at a time.
[Eng.]
Plu"ral*ist, n. (Eccl.) A
clerk or clergyman who holds more than one ecclesiastical
benefice. [Eng.]
Of the parochial clergy, a large proportion were
pluralists.
Macaulay.
Plu*ral"i*ty (?), n.; pl.
pluralities (#). [L.
pluralitas: cf. F. pluralit\'82.]
1. The state of being plural, or consisting of more
than one; a number consisting of two or more of the same kind;
as, a plurality of worlds; the plurality of
a verb.
<-- p. 103 -->
2. The greater number; a majority; also, the
greatest of several numbers; in elections, the excess of the
votes given for one candidate over those given for another, or
for any other, candidate. When there are more than two
candidates, the one who receives the plurality of
votes may have less than a majority. See Majority.
Take the plurality of the world, and they are
neither wise nor good.
L'Estrange.
3. (Eccl.) See Plurality of
benefices, below.
Plurality of benefices (Eccl.), the
possession by one clergyman of more than one benefice or living.
Each benefice thus held is called a plurality.
[Eng.]
Plu`ral*i*za"tion (?), n. The
act of pluralizing.
H. Spencer.
Plu"ral*ize (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Pluralized
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pluralizing
(?).] 1. To make plural by
using the plural termination; to attribute plurality to; to
express in the plural form.
2. To multiply; to make manifold.
[R.]
Plu"ral*ize, v. i. 1. To take a
plural; to assume a plural form; as, a noun
pluralizes.
Earle.
2. (Eccl.) To hold more than one
benefice at the same time. [Eng.]
Plu"ral*i`zer (?), n.
(Eccl.) A pluralist. [R.]
Plu"ral*ly, adv. In a plural manner or
sense.
Plu"ri- (?). [See Plus.]
A combining form from L. plus, pluris,
more, many; as pluriliteral.
\'d8Plu"ri*es (?), n. [So
called from L. pluries many times, often, which occurs
in the first clause.] (Law) A writ issued
in the third place, after two former writs have been
disregarded.
Mozley & W.
Plu`ri*fa"ri*ous (?), a. [L.
plurifarius, fr. L. plus,
pluris, many. Cf. Bifarious.]
Of many kinds or fashions; multifarious.
Plu`ri*fo"li*o*late (?), a.
[Pluri- + foliolate.]
(Bot.) Having several or many leaflets.
Plu`ri*lit"er*al (?), a.
[Pluri- + literal.]
Consisting of more letters than three. --
n. A pluriliteral word.
Plu`ri*loc"u*lar (?), a.
[Pluri- + locular.] Having
several cells or loculi; specifically (Bot.),
having several divisions containing seeds; as, the lemon
and the orange are plurilocular fruits.
Plurilocular sporangia (Bot.),
many-celled sporangia, each cell containing a single spore,
as in many alg\'91.
Plu*rip"a*rous (?), a.
[Pluri- + L. parere to bring
forth.] Producing several young at a birth; as, a
pluriparous animal.
Plu`ri*par"tite (?), a.
[Pluri- + partite.]
(Bot.) Deeply divided into several
portions.
Plu`ri*pres"ence (?), n.
[Pluri- + presence.]
Presence in more places than one. [R.]
Johnson.
Plu"ri*sy (?), n. [L.
plus, pluris, more.]
Superabundance; excess; plethora. [Obs.]
Shak.
Plus (?), a. [L., more; akin to
Gr. /, /, and E. full. See Full,
a., and cf. Pi\'97, Pleonasm.]
1. (Math.) More, required to be added;
positive, as distinguished from negative; -- opposed to
minus.
2. Hence, in a literary sense, additional; real;
actual.
Success goes invariably with a certain plus or
positive power.
Emerson.
Plus sign (Math.), the sign (+)
which denotes addition, or a positive quantity.
Plush (?), n. [F.
pluche, peluche (cf. It.
peluzzo), fr. L. pilus hair. See
pile hair, and cf. Peruke.] A
textile fabric with a nap or shag on one side, longer and softer
than the nap of velvet.
Cowper.
Plush"y (?), a. Like plush;
soft and shaggy.
H. Kingsley.
Plu"tar*chy (?), n. [Gr. /
wealth + -archy.] Plutocracy; the rule of
wealth. [R.]
Plu"te*al (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to a pluteus.
\'d8Plu"te*us (?), n.; pl. L.
Plutei (#), E. Pluteuses
(#). [L., a shed.]
(Zo\'94l.) The free-swimming larva of sea urchins
and ophiurans, having several long stiff processes inclosing
calcareous rods.
Plu"to (?), n. [L., fr. Gr.
/.] (Class. Myth.) The son of Saturn and
Rhea, brother of Jupiter and Neptune; the dark and gloomy god of
the Lower World.
Pluto monkey (Zo\'94l.), a
long-tailed African monkey (Cercopithecus pluto),
having side whiskers. The general color is black, more or less
grizzled; the frontal band is white.
Plu*toc"ra*cy (?), n. [Gr. /;
/ wealth + / to be strong, to rule, fr./ strength: cf. F.
plutocratie.] A form of government in which
the supreme power is lodged in the hands of the wealthy classes;
government by the rich; also, a controlling or influential class
of rich men.
Plu"to*crat (?), n. One whose
wealth gives him power or influence; one of the plutocracy.
Plu`to*crat"ic (?), a. Of or
pertaining to plutocracy; as, plutocratic
ideas.
Bagehot.
Plu*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. /
wealth + -logy.] The science which treats
of wealth.
Plu*to"ni*an (?), a. [L.
Plutonius, Gr. /: cf. F.
plutonien.] Plutonic.
Poe.
Plu*to"ni*an (?), n.
(Geol.) A Plutonist.
Plu*ton"ic (?), a. [Cf. F.
plutonique. See Pluto.] 1.
Of or pertaining to Pluto; Plutonian; hence, pertaining to
the interior of the earth; subterranean.
2. Of, pertaining to, or designating, the system of
the Plutonists; igneous; as, the Plutonic
theory.
Plutonic action (Geol.), the
influence of volcanic heat and other subterranean forces under
pressure. -- Plutonic rocks (Geol.),
granite, porphyry, and some other igneous rocks, supposed to
have consolidated from a melted state at a great depth from the
surface. Cf. Intrusive rocks, under
Intrusive. -- Plutonic theory.
(Geol.) See Plutonism.
Plu"to*nism (?), n. [Cf. F.
plutonisme.] The theory, early advanced in
geology, that the successive rocks of the earth\'b6s crust were
formed by igneous fusion; -- opposed to the Neptunian
theory.
Plu"to*nist (?), n. [Cf. F.
plutoniste.] One who adopts the geological
theory of igneous fusion; a Plutonian. See
Plutonism.
Plu"tus (?), n. [L., fr. Gr.
/.] (Class. Myth.) The son of Jason and
Ceres, and the god of wealth. He was represented as bearing a
cornucopia, and as blind, because his gifts were bestowed without
discrimination of merit.
Plu"vi*al, a. [L. pluvialis,
fr. pluvia rain: cf. F. pluvial. See
Plover.] 1. Of or pertaining to
rain; rainy. [R.]
2. (Geol.) Produced by the action of
rain.
Plu"vi*al, n. [LL. pluviale a
garment which keeps off the rain: cf. F.
pluvial.] A priest's cope.
Plu`vi*am"e*ter (?), n. See
Pluviometer.
Plu`vi*a*met"ric*al (?), a. See
Pluviometrical.
Plu"vi*an (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The crocodile bird.
Plu`vi*om"e*ter (?), n. [L.
pluvia rain + -meter: cf. F.
pluviom\'8atre.] An instrument for
ascertaining the amount of rainfall at any place in a given time;
a rain gauge.
Plu`vi*o*met"ric*al (?), a.
[Cf. F. pluviom\'82trique.] Of or
pertaining to a pluviometer; determined by a pluviometer.
\'d8Plu`vi`\'93se" (?), n. [F.
See Pluvious.] The fifth month of the French
republican calendar adopted in 1793. It began January 20, and
ended February 18. See Vend\'82miaire.
Plu"vi*ous (?), a. [L.
pluviosus, pluvius, fr. pluvia
rain: cf. F. pluvieux. See Pluvial,
a.] Abounding in rain; rainy; pluvial.
Sir T. Browne.
Ply (?), v. t. [imp.
& p. p. Plied (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Plying (?).] [OE.
plien, F. plier to fold, to bend, fr. L.
plicare; akin to Gr. /, G. flechten. Cf.
Apply, Complex, Display,
Duplicity, Employ, Exploit,
Implicate, Plait, Pliant,
Flax.] 1. To bend.
[Obs.]
As men may warm wax with handes plie.
Chaucer.
2. To lay on closely, or in folds; to work upon
steadily, or with repeated acts; to press upon; to urge
importunately; as, to ply one with questions, with
solicitations, or with drink.
And plies him with redoubled strokes
Dryden.
He plies the duke at morning and at night.
Shak.
3. To employ diligently; to use steadily.
Go ply thy needle; meddle not.
Shak.
4. To practice or perform with diligence; to work
at.
Their bloody task, unwearied, still they ply.
Waller.
Ply, v. i. 1. To bend; to
yield. [Obs.]
It would rather burst atwo than plye.
Chaucer.
The willow plied, and gave way to the gust.
L'Estrange.
2. To act, go, or work diligently and steadily;
especially, to do something by repeated actions; to go back and
forth; as, a steamer plies between certain
ports.
Ere half these authors be read (which will soon be with
plying hard and daily).
Milton.
He was forced to ply in the streets as a
porter.
Addison.
The heavy hammers and mallets plied.
Longfellow.
3. (Naut.) To work to windward; to
beat.
Ply, n. [Cf. F. pli, fr.
plier. See Ply, v.]
1. A fold; a plait; a turn or twist, as of a
cord.
Arbuthnot.
2. Bent; turn; direction; bias.
The late learners can not so well take the ply.
Bacon.
Boswell, and others of Goldsmith's contemporaries, . . . did
not understand the secret plies of his character.
W. Irving.
The czar's mind had taken a strange ply, which it
retained to the last.
Macaulay.
Ply is used in composition to designate
folds, or the number of webs interwoven; as, a
three-ply carpet.
Ply"er (?), n. One who, or that
which, plies; specifically: (a) pl.
A kind of balance used in raising and letting down a
drawbridge. It consists of timbers joined in the form of a St.
Andrew's cross. (b) pl. See
Pliers.
Plyght (?), v. & n. See
Plight. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Plym"outh Breth"ren (?). The members of a
religious sect which first appeared at Plymouth, England, about
1830. They protest against sectarianism, and reject all official
ministry or clergy. Also called Brethren,
Christian Brethren,
Plymouthists, etc. The
Darbyites are a division of the Brethren.
Pne*om"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. /
to breathe + -meter.] (Physiol.)
A spirometer.
{ Pneu*mat"ic (?), Pneu*mat"ic*al
(?), } a. [L.
pneumaticus, Gr. /, fr. /, /, wind, air, / to
blow, breathe; cf. OHG. fnehan: cf. F.
pneumatique. Cf. Pneumonia.]
1. Consisting of, or resembling, air; having the
properties of an elastic fluid; gaseous; opposed to
dense or solid.
The pneumatical substance being, in some bodies,
the native spirit of the body.
Bacon.
2. Of or pertaining to air, or to elastic fluids or
their properties; pertaining to pneumatics; as,
pneumatic experiments.
\'bdPneumatical discoveries.\'b8
Stewart.
3. Moved or worked by pressure or flow of air;
as, a pneumatic instrument; a pneumatic
engine.
4. (Biol.) Fitted to contain air; Having
cavities filled with air; as, pneumatic cells;
pneumatic bones.
Pneumatic action, Pneumatic
lever (Mus.), a contrivance for
overcoming the resistance of the keys and other movable parts in
an organ, by causing compressed air from the wind chest to move
them. -- Pneumatic dispatch, a system of
tubes, leading to various points, through which letters,
packages, etc., are sent, by the flow and pressure of air.
-- Pneumatic elevator, a hoisting machine worked
by compressed air. -- Pneumatic pile, a
tubular pile or cylinder of large diameter sunk by atmospheric
pressure. -- Pneumatic pump, an
air-exhausting or forcing pump. -- Pneumatic
railway. See Atmospheric railway, under
Atmospheric. -- Pneumatic syringe, a
stout tube closed at one end, and provided with a piston, for
showing that the heat produced by compressing a gas will ignite
substances. -- Pneumatic trough, a trough,
generally made of wood or sheet metal, having a perforated shelf,
and used, when filled with water or mercury, for collecting gases
in chemical operations. -- Pneumatic tube.
See Pneumatic dispatch, above.
Pneu`ma*tic"i*ty (?), n.
(Biol.) The state of being pneumatic, or of
having a cavity or cavities filled with air; as, the
pneumaticity of the bones of birds.
Pneu*mat"ics (?), n. [Cf. F.
pneumatique.]
1. That branch of science which treats of the
mechanical properties of air and other elastic fluids, as of
their weight, pressure, elasticity, etc. See
Mechanics.
2. (Philos. & Theol.) The scientific
study or knowledge of spiritual beings and their relations to
God, angels, and men.
Pleu"ma*to- (?). A combining form from Gr.
/, /, wind, air, breath,
respiration; as, pneumatograph,
pneumatology.
Pneu*mat"o*cele (?), n.
[Pneumato- + Gr. / a tumor; cf. F.
pneumatoc\'8ale.] (Med.) A
distention of the scrotum by air; also, hernia of the
lungs.
Pneu*mat"o*cyst (?), n.
[Pneumato- + cyst.]
(Zo\'94l.) A cyst or sac of a siphonophore,
containing air, and serving as a float, as in Physalia.
Pneu*mat"o*garm (?), n.
[Pneumato- + -gram.]
(Physiol.) A tracing of the respiratory
movements, obtained by a pneumatograph or stethograph.
Pneu*mat"o*graph (?), n.
[Pneumato- + -graph.]
(Physiol.) An instrument for recording the
movements of the thorax or chest wall during respiration; -- also
called stethograph.
Pneu`ma*to*log"ic*al (?), a.
[Cf. F. pneumatologique.] Of or
pertaining to pneumatology.
Pneu`ma*tol"o*gist (?), n. [Cf.
F. pneumatologiste.] One versed in
pneumatology.
Pneu`ma*tol"o*gy (?), n.
[Pneumato- + -logy: cf. F.
pneumatologie.] 1. The doctrine
of, or a treatise on, air and other elastic fluids. See
Pneumatics, 1.
2. (Philos. & Theol.) The science of
spiritual being or phenomena of any description.
Pneu`ma*tom"e*ter (?), n.
[Pneumato- + -meter.]
(Physiol.) An instrument for measuring the amount
of force exerted by the lungs in respiration.
Pneu`ma*tom"e*try (?), n. See
Spirometry.
Pneu*mat"o*phore (?), n.
[Pneumato- + Gr. / to bear.]
(Zo\'94l.) One of the Pneumonophora.
Pneu`ma*to*tho"rax (?), n.
[Pneumato- + thorax.]
(Med.) See Pneumothorax.
Pneu"mo- (?). A combining form from Gr.
/, /, a lung; as, pneumogastric,
pneumology.
Pneu`mo*coc"cus (?), n. [See
Pneumo-, and Coccus.] (Biol.)
A form of micrococcus found in the sputum (and elsewhere) of
persons suffering with pneumonia, and thought to be the cause of
this disease.
Pneu`mo*gas"tric (?), a.
[Pneumo- + gastric.]
(Anat.) Of or pertaining to the lungs and the
stomach. -- n. The pneumogastric
nerve.
Pneumogastric nerve (Anat.), one of
the tenth pair of cranial nerves which are distributed to the
pharynx, esophagus, larynx, lungs, heart, stomach, liver, and
spleen, and, in fishes and many amphibia, to the branchial
apparatus and also to the sides of the body.
Pneu"mo*graph (?), n. Same as
Pneumatograph.
Pneu*mog"ra*phy (?), n
[Pneumo- + -graphy.] A
description of the lungs.
Dunglison.
Pneu*mol"o*gy (?), n.
[Pneumo- + -logy.]
(Anat.) The science which treats of the
lungs.
Pneu*mom"e*ter (?), n.
[Pneumo- + -meter.]
(Physiol.) A spirometer.
Pneu*mom"e*try (?), n.
Measurement of the capacity of the lungs for air.
Dunglison.
Pneu*mo"ni*a (?), n. [NL., fr.
Gr. /, fr. /, pl. / the lungs, also, /, which is perh.
the original form. Cf. Pneumatio,
Pulmonary.] (Med.) Inflammation of
the lungs.
Catarrhal pneumonia, Broncho-pneumonia, is inflammation of the lung
tissue, associated with catarrh and with marked evidences of
inflammation of bronchial membranes, often chronic; -- also
called lobular pneumonia, from its affecting
single lobules at a time. -- Croupous pneumonia, or
ordinary pneumonia, is an acute affection characterized by sudden
onset with a chill, high fever, rapid course, and sudden decline;
-- also called lobar pneumonia, from its
affecting a whole lobe of the lung at once. See under
Croupous. -- Fibroid pneumonia is an
inflammation of the interstitial connective tissue lying between
the lobules of the lungs, and is very slow in its course,
producing shrinking and atrophy of the lungs.
Pneu*mon"ic (?), a. [Gr. /:
cf. F. pneumonique.] (a) Of or
pertaining to the lungs; pulmonic. (b) Of or
pertaining to pneumonia; as, pneumonic
symptoms.
Pneu*mon"ic, n. (Med.) A
medicine for affections of the lungs.
Pneu`mo*nit"ic (?), a.
(Med.) Of or pertaining to pneumonitis.
\'d8Pneu`mo*ni"tis (?), n. [NL.
See Pneumo-, and -itis.]
(Med.) Inflammation of the lungs;
pneumonia.
<-- p. 104 -->
Pneu`mo*nom"e*ter (?), n. [See
Pneumo-, and -meter.]
(Physiol.) A spirometer; a pneumometer.
\'d8Pneu`mo*noph"o*ra (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / a lung + / to bear.]
(Zo\'94l.) The division of Siphonophora which
includes the Physalia and allied genera; -- called also
Pneumatophor\'91.
Pneu"mo*ny (?), n. [Cf. F.
pneumonie.] See Pneumonia.
\'d8Pneu`mo*\'94t"o*ka (?), n. pl.
[NL. See Pneumo-, and O\'94ticoid.]
(Zo\'94l.) Same as Sauropsida.
\'d8Pneu*moph"o*ra (?), n. pl.
[NL. See Pneumonophora.]
(Zo\'94l.) (Zo\'94l.) A division of
holothurians having an internal gill, or respiratory tree.
Pneu`mo*skel"e*ton (?), n.
[Pneumo- + skeleton.]
(Zo\'94l.) A chitinous structure which supports
the gill in some invertebrates.
Pneu`mo*ther"a*py (?), n. [Gr.
/ air + therapy.] (Med.) The
treatment of disease by inhalations of compressed or rarefied
air.
Pneu`mo*tho"rax (?), n. [Gr.
/ air + E. thorax.] (Med.) A
condition in which air or other gas is present in the cavity of
the chest; -- called also
pneumatothorax.
\'d8Pni*ga"li*on (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. / nightmare, fr. / to throttle.]
(Med.) Nightmare.
Pnyx (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr.
/.] (Gr. Antiq.) The place at Athens
where the meetings of the people were held for making decrees,
etc.
Po"a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. /
grass.] (Bot.) A genus of grasses,
including a great number of species, as the kinds called
meadow grass, Kentucky blue grass,
June grass, and spear grass (which
see).
Poach (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Poached
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Poaching.] [F. pocher to
place in a pocket, to poach eggs (the yolk of the egg being as it
were pouched in the white), from poche
pocket, pouch. See Pouch, v.
&n.] 1. To cook, as eggs, by
breaking them into boiling water; also, to cook with butter after
breaking in a vessel.
Bacon.
2. To rob of game; to pocket and convey away by
stealth, as game; hence, to plunder.
Garth.
Poach, v. i. To steal or pocket game, or
to carry it away privately, as in a bag; to kill or destroy game
contrary to law, especially by night; to hunt or fish unlawfully;
as, to poach for rabbits or for salmon.
Poach, v. t. [Cf. OF. pocher
to thrust or dig out with the fingers, to bruise (the eyes), F.
pouce thumb, L. pollex, and also E.
poach to cook eggs, to plunder, and poke to
thrust against.] 1. To stab; to pierce; to
spear, \as fish. [Obs.]
Carew.
2. To force, drive, or plunge into anything.
[Obs.]
His horse poching one of his legs into some hollow
ground.
Sir W. Temple.
3. To make soft or muddy by trampling
Tennyson.
4. To begin and not complete.
[Obs.]
Bacon.
Poach, v. i. To become soft or
muddy.
Chalky and clay lands . . . chap in summer, and
poach in winter.
Mortimer.
Poach"ard (?), n. [From
Poach to stab.] [Written also
pocard, pochard.]
(Zo\'94l.) (a) A common European duck
(Aythya ferina); -- called also
goldhead, poker, and
fresh-water, ,
widgeon. (b) The American
redhead, which is closely allied to the European poachard.
Red-crested poachard (Zo\'94l.), an
Old World duck (Branta rufina). -- Scaup
poachard, the scaup duck. -- Tufted
poachard, a scaup duck (Aythya, ), native of Europe and Asia.
Poach"er (?), n. 1.
One who poaches; one who kills or catches game or fish
contrary to law.
2. (Zo\'94l.) The American
widgeon. [Local, U.S.]
Sea poacher (Zo\'94l.), the
lyrie.
Poach"i*ness (?), n. The state
of being poachy; marshiness.
Poach"y (?), a. [See
Poach to stab.] Wet and soft; easily
penetrated by the feet of cattle; -- said of land
{ Poak, Poake } (?),
n. Waste matter from the preparation of skins,
consisting of hair, lime, oil, etc.
Po"can (?), n. (Bot.)
The poke (Phytolacca decandra); -- called also
pocan bush.
Po"chard (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) See Poachard.
Pock (?), n. [OE.
pokke, AS. pocc, poc; akin to D.
pok, G. pocke, and perh. to E.
poke a pocket. Cf. Pox.]
(Med.) A pustule raised on the surface of the
body in variolous and vaccine diseases.
Of pokkes and of scab every sore.
Chaucer.
Pock"arred (?), a. See
Pockmarked. [Obs.]
Pock"-bro`ken (?), a. Broken
out, or marked, with smallpox; pock-fretten.
Pock"et (?), n. [OE.
poket, Prov. F. & OF. poquette, F.
pochette, dim. fr. poque,
pouque, F. poche; probably of Teutonic
origin. See Poke a pocket, and cf. Poach to
cook eggs, to plunder, and Pouch.] 1.
A bag or pouch; especially; a small bag inserted in a
garment for carrying small articles, particularly money; hence,
figuratively, money; wealth.
2. One of several bags attached to a billiard
table, into which the balls are driven.
3. A large bag or sack used in packing various
articles, as ginger, hops, cowries, etc.
pocket
contains half sack, or about 168 Ibs.; but it is a variable
quantity, the articles being sold by actual weight.
4. (Arch.) A hole or space covered by a
movable piece of board, as in a floor, boxing, partitions, or the
like.
5. (Mining.) (a) A cavity in a
rock containing a nugget of gold, or other mineral; a small body
of ore contained in such a cavity. (b) A hole
containing water.
6. (Nat.) A strip of canvas, sewn upon a
sail so that a batten or a light spar can placed in the
interspace.
7. (Zo\'94l.) Same as
Pouch.
Pocket is often used adjectively, or in
the formation of compound words usually of obvious signification;
as, pocket comb, pocket compass,
pocket edition, pocket handkerchief,
pocket money, pocket picking, or
pocket-picking, etc.
Out of pocket. See under Out,
prep. -- Pocket borough, a borough
\'bdowned\'b8 by some person. See under Borough.
[Eng.] -- Pocket gopher
(Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of American
rodents of the genera Geomys, and Thomomys,
family Geomyd\'91. They have large external cheek
pouches, and are fossorial in their habits. they inhabit North
America, from the Mississippi Valley west to the Pacific. Called
also pouched gopher. -- Pocket
mouse (Zo\'94l.), any species of American
mice of the family Saccomyid\'91. They have external
cheek pouches. Some of them are adapted for leaping (genus
Dipadomys), and are called kangaroo
mice. They are native of the Southwestern United States,
Mexico, etc. -- Pocket piece, a piece of
money kept in the pocket and not spent. -- Pocket
pistol, a pistol to be carried in the pocket. --
Pocket sheriff (Eng. Law), a sheriff
appointed by the sole authority of the crown, without a
nomination by the judges in the exchequer.
Burrill.
<-- deep pocket, , wealth or
substantial financial assets. Used esp. in legal
actions, where plaintiffs desire to find a defendant with "deep
pockets", so as to be able to actually obtain the sum of damages
which may be judged due to him. This contrasts with a
"judgment-proof" defendant, one who has neither assets nor
insurance, and against whom a judgment for monetary damages would
be worthless. -->
Pock"et (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Pocketed; p.
pr. & vb. n. Pocketing.] 1.
To put, or conceal, in the pocket; as, to
pocket the change.
He would pocket the expense of the license.
Sterne.
2. To take clandestinely or fraudulently.
He pocketed pay in the names of men who had long
been dead.
Macaulay.
To pocket a ball (Billiards), to
drive a ball into a pocket of the table. -- To
pocket an insult, affront, etc., to
receive an affront without open resentment, or without seeking
redress. \'bdI must pocket up these
wrongs.\'b8
Shak.
Pock"et*book` (?), n. A small
book or case for carrying papers, money, etc., in the pocket;
also, a notebook for the pocket.
Pock"et*ful (?), n.; pl.
Pocketfuls (/). As much as a
pocket will hold; enough to fill a pocket; as,
pocketfuls of chestnuts.
Pock"et*knife` (?), n.; pl.
-knives (/). A knife with one or
more blades, which fold into the handle so as to admit of being
carried in the pocket.
Pock"-fret`ten (?), a. See
Pockmarked.
Pock"i*ness (?), n. The state
of being pocky.
Pock"mark (?), n. A mark or pit
made by smallpox.
Pock"marked` (?), a. Marked by
smallpox; pitted.
Pock"-pit`ted (?), a.
Pockmarked; pitted.
Pock"-pud`ding (?), n. A bag
pudding; a name of reproach or ridicule formerly applied by the
Scotch to the English.
Pock"wood` (?), n. [So called
because formerly used as a specific for the pock.]
(Bot.) Lignum-vit\'91.
Pock"y (?), a.
[Compar. Pockier (?);
superl. Pockiest.] Full of
pocks; affected with smallpox or other eruptive disease.
Bp. Hall.
\'d8Po"co (?), adv. [It.]
(Mus.) A little; -- used chiefly in phrases
indicating the time or movement; as, poco pi\'97
allegro, a little faster; poco largo, rather
slow.
\'d8Poco a poco [It.] (Mus.)
Little by little; as, poco a poco crescendo,
gradually increasing in loudness.
Po"cock (?), n. Peacock.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Po`co*cu*ran"te (?), n. [It.
poco curante caring little.] A careless
person; a trifler. [R.]
Po`co*cu*ran"tism (?). n.
Carelessness; apathy; indifference. [R.]
Carlyle.
Po*co"son (?), n. Low, wooded
grounds or swamps in Eastern Maryland and Virginia.
[Written also poquoson.]
Washington.
Poc"u*lent (?), a. [L.
poculentus, fr. poculum a cup.]
Fit for drink. [Obs.] \'bdSome those
herbs which are not esculent, are . . . poculent.\'b8
Bacon.
Poc"u*li*form (?), a. [L.
poculum a cup + -form: cf. F.
poculiforme.] Having the shape of a goblet
or drinking cup.
-pod (?). [See Foot.]
A combining form or suffix from Gr. poy`s,
podo`s, foot; as, decapod, an
animal having ten feet; phyllopod, an animal having
leaflike feet; myriapod, hexapod.
Pod (?), n. [Probably akin to
pudding, and perhaps the same word as pad a
cushion; cf. also Dan. pude pillow, cushion, and also
E. cod a husk, pod.] 1. A bag; a
pouch. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
Tusser.
2. (Bot.) A capsule of plant, especially
a legume; a dry dehiscent fruit. See Illust. of
Angiospermous.
3. (Zo\'94l.) A considerable number of
animals closely clustered together; -- said of seals.
Pod auger, pod bit,
an auger or bit the channel of which is straight instead of
twisted.
Pod, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Podded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Podding.] To swell; to fill; also, to
produce pods.
-po*da (?). A New Latin plural combining
form or suffix from Gr. /, /, foot; as,
hexapoda, myriapoda. See
-pod.
Pod"a*gra (?), n. [L. See
Podagric.] (Med.) Gout in the
joints of the foot; -- applied also to gout in other parts of
body.
{ Po*dag"ric (?), Po*dag"ric*al
(?), } a. [L.
podagricus, Gr. /, fr. / gout in the feet; /,
/, Foot + / a catching.]
1. Pertaining to the gout; gouty; caused by
gout.
2. Afflicted with gout.
Sir T. Browne.
Pod"a*grous (?), a. Gouty;
podagric.
Po*dal"gi*a (?), n. [NL., fr.
Gr. /, /, foot + / pain.] (Med.) pain
in the foot, due to gout, rheumatism, etc.
\'d8Po*dar"thrum (?), n.; pl.
Podarthra (#). [NL., fr. Gr. /,
/, foot + / joint.] (Anat.) The foot
joint; in birds, the joint between the metatarsus and the
toes.
Pod"ded (?), a. Having
pods.
Pod"der (?), n. One who
collects pods or pulse.
Po*des"ta (?), n. [It.
podest\'85, fr. L. potestas power,
magistracy. See Potent.]
1. One of the chief magistrates of the Italian
republics in the Middle Ages.
Brande & C.
2. A mayor, alderman, or other magistrate, in some
towns of Italy.
\'d8Po*de"ti*um (?), n.; pl.
Podetia (#), E. Podetiums
(#). [NL., fr. Gr. /, /, foot.]
(Bot.) A stalk which bears the fructification in
some lichens, as in the so-called reindeer moss.
Podge (?), n. [Cf. G.
patsche puddle, mire.] 1. A
puddle; a plash.
Skinner.
2. Porridge. [Prov. Eng.]
Halliwell.
Podg"y (?), a. Fat and short;
pudgy.
Pod"i*cal (?) a. [L.
podex, podicis, the anus.]
(Zo\'94l.) Anal; -- applied to certain organs of
insects.
\'d8Pod"i*ceps (?), n. [NL.,
fr. L. podex, podicis, anus +
pes foot.] (Zo\'94l.) See
Grebe.
\'d8Po"di*um (?), n.; pl.
Podia (#). [L., fr. Gr. /, dim.
of /, /, foot. See Pew.] 1.
(Arch.) A low wall, serving as a foundation, a
substructure, or a terrace wall. It is especially employed
by arch\'91ologists in two senses: (a) The dwarf
wall surrounding the arena of an amphitheater, from the top of
which the seats began. (b) The masonry under
the stylobate of a temple, sometimes a mere foundation, sometimes
containing chambers. See Illust. of
Column.
2. (Zo\'94l.) The foot.
Pod"ley (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A young coalfish.
Pod"o- (?). [See Foot.]
A combining form or prefix from Gr. poy`s,
podo`s, foot; as, podocarp,
podocephalous, podology.
Pod"o*branch (?), n. [See
Podo-, and Branchia.]
(Zo\'94l.) One of branchi\'91 attached to the
bases of the legs in Crustacea.
\'d8Pod`o*bran"chi*a (?) n.,
pl. Podobranchle (#).
[NL.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as
Podobranch.
Pod"o*carp (?), n.
[Podo- + Gr. / fruit.] (Bot.)
A stem, or footstalk, supporting the fruit.
Pod`o*ceph"a*lous (?), a.
[Podo- + Gr. / head.] (Bot.)
Having a head of flowers on a long peduncle, or
footstalk.
\'d8Pod`o*gyn"i*um (?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. poy`s, podo`s, foot +
/ woman.] (Bot.) Same as
Basigynium
\'d8Pod`oph*thal"mi*a (?), n. pl.
[NL. See Podophthalmic.]
(Zo\'94l.) The stalk-eyed Crustacea, -- an order
of Crustacea having the eyes supported on movable stalks. It
includes the crabs, lobsters, and prawns. Called also
Podophthalmata, and
Decapoda.
{ Pod`oph*thal"mic (?),
Pod`oph*thal"mous (?), } a.
[Podo- + Gr. / an eye.]
(Zo\'94l.) (a) Having the eyes on
movable footstalks, or pedicels. (b) Of or
pertaining to the Podophthalmia.
Pod`oph*thal"mite (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The eyestalk of a crustacean.
Pod`o*phyl"lin (?), n. [From
Podophyllum.] (Chem.) A brown
bitter gum extracted from the rootstalk of the May apple
(Podophyllum peltatum). It is a complex mixture of
several substances.
Pod`o*phyl"lous (?), a. 1.
(Zo\'94l.) Having thin, flat, leaflike locomotive
organs.
2. (Anat.) Pertaining to, or composing,
the layer of tissue, made up of lamin\'91, beneath a horse's
hoof.
\'d8Pod`o*phyl"lum (?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. poy`s, podo`s, foot +
/ leaf.] 1. (Bot.) A genus of
herbs of the Barberry family, having large palmately lobed
peltate leaves and solitary flower. There are two species, the
American Podohyllum peltatum, or May apple, the
Himalayan P. Emodi.
2. (Med.) The rhizome and rootlet of the
May apple (Podophyllum peltatum), -- used as a
cathartic drug.
Pod"o*scaph (?), n.
[Podo- + Gr. / boat.] A canoe-shaped
float attached to the foot, for walking on water.
Pod"o*sperm (?), n.
[Podo- + Gr. / seed: cf. F.
podosperme.] (Bot.) The stalk of
a seed or ovule.
\'d8Pod`o*stom"a*ta (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. poy`s, podo`s, foot +
/, /, mouth.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of
Bryozoa of which Rhabdopleura is the type. See
Rhabdopleura.
\'d8Pod`o*the"ca (?), n.; pl.
Podothec\'91 (#). [NL., fr. Gr.
poy`s, podo`s, foot + / case.]
(Zo\'94l.) The scaly covering of the foot of a
bird or reptile.
\'d8Po*dri"da (?), n. [Sp.,
rotten.] A miscellaneous dish of meats. See
Olla-podrida.
Po*du"ra (?), n.; pl. L.
Podur\'91 (#), E. Poduras
(#). [NL.; Gr. poy`s,
podo`s, foot + / tail.] Any small leaping
thysanurous insect of the genus Podura and related
genera; a springtail.
<-- p. 105 -->
Podura scale (Zo\'94l.), one of the
minute scales with which the body of a podura is covered. They
are used as test objects for the microscope.
Po*du"rid (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) Any species of Podura or
allied genera. -- a. Pertaining to
the poduras.
Po"e (?), n. Same as
Pol.
Po"e*bird` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The parson bird.
P\'d2"ci*le (?), n. Same as
Poicile.
P\'d2`ci*lit"ic (?), a. [Gr.
/ many-colored, variegated.] (Geol.)
(a) Mottled with various colors; variegated;
spotted; -- said of certain rocks. (b)
Specifically: Of or pertaining to, or characterizing,
Triassic and Permian sandstones of red and other colors.
[Also written poikilitic.]
P\'d2*cil"o*pod (?), n. [Cf. F.
p\'d2cilopode.] (Zo\'94l.) One
of the P\'d2cilopoda. Also used adjectively.
\'d8P\'d2`ci*lop"o*da (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / variegated, manifold +
-poda.] (Zo\'94l.) (a)
Originally, an artificial group including many parasitic
Entomostraca, together with the horseshoe crabs
(Limuloidea). (b) By some recent
writers applied to the Merostomata.
Po"em (?), n. [L.
po\'89ma, Gr. /, fr. / to make, to compose, to
write, especially in verse: cf. F. po\'89me.]
1. A metrical composition; a composition in verse
written in certain measures, whether in blank verse or in rhyme,
and characterized by imagination and poetic diction; --
contradistinguished from prose; as, the
poems of Homer or of Milton.
2. A composition, not in verse, of which the
language is highly imaginative or impassioned; as, a prose
poem; the poems of Ossian.
Po`em*at"ic (?), a. [Gr.
/.] Pertaining to a poem, or to poetry;
poetical. [R.]
Coleridge.
Po*e"na*mu (?), n. (Min.)
A variety of jade or nephrite, -- used in New Zealand for
the manufacture of axes and weapons.
P/*nol"o*gy (?), n. See
Penology.
\'d8Po*eph"a*ga (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / grass eating; / grass + / to
eat.] (Zo\'94l.) A group of herbivorous
marsupials including the kangaroos and their allies. --
Po*eph"a*gous (#),
a.
Po"e*sy (?), n. [F.
po\'82sie (cf. It. poesia), L.
poesis, from Gr. /. from / to make. Cf.
Posy.]
1. The art of composing poems; poetical skill or
faculty; as, the heavenly gift of poesy.
Shak.
2. Poetry; metrical composition; poems.
Music and poesy used to quicken you.
Shak.
3. A short conceit or motto engraved on a ring or
other thing; a posy.
Bacon.
Po"et (?), n. [F.
po\'89te, L. po\'89ta, fr. Gr. /, fr. /
to make. Cf. Poem.] One skilled in making
poetry; one who has a particular genius for metrical composition;
the author of a poem; an imaginative thinker or writer.
The poet's eye, in a fine frenzy rolling,
Doth glance from heaven to earth, from earth to heaven.
Shak.
A poet is a maker, as the word signifies.
Dryden.
Poet laureate. See under
Laureate.
Po"et*as`ter (?), n. An
inferior rhymer, or writer of verses; a dabbler in poetic
art.
The talk of forgotten poetasters.
Macaulay.
Po"et*as`try (?), n. The works
of a poetaster. [R.]
Po"et*ess, n. [Cf. F.
po\'82tesse.] A female poet.
{ Po*et"ic (?), Po*et"ic*al
(?), } a. [L.
po\'89ticus, Gr. /: cf. F.
po\'82tiquee.] 1. Of or pertaining
to poetry; suitable for poetry, or for writing poetry; as,
poetic talent, theme, work, sentiments.
Shak.
2. Expressed in metrical form; exhibiting the
imaginative or the rhythmical quality of poetry; as, a
poetical composition; poetical
prose.
Poetic license. See License,
n., 4.
Po*et"ic*al*ly, adv. In a poetic
manner.
Po*et"ics (?), n. [Cf. F.
po\'82tique, L. po\'89tica,
po\'89tice, Gr. / (sc. /.] The
principles and rules of the art of poetry.
J. Warton.
Po*et"i*cule (?), n. A
poetaster.
Swinburne.
Po"et*ize (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Poetized
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Poetizing.] [Cf. F.
po\'82tiser.] To write as a poet; to
compose verse; to idealize.
I versify the truth, not poetize.
Donne.
Po"et*ry (?), n. [OF.
poeterie. See Poet.] 1.
The art of apprehending and interpreting ideas by the
faculty of imagination; the art of idealizing in thought and in
expression.
For poetry is the blossom and the fragrance of all
human knowledge, human thoughts, human passions, emotions,
language.
Coleridge.
2. Imaginative language or composition, whether
expressed rhythmically or in prose. Specifically: Metrical
composition; verse; rhyme; poems collectively; as, heroic
poetry; dramatic poetry; lyric or Pindaric
poetry. \'bdThe planetlike music of
poetry.\'b8
Sir P. Sidney.
She taketh most delight
In music, instruments, and poetry.
Shak.
Po"et*ship, n. The state or personality
of a poet. [R.]
Pog"gy (?), n. (Zo\'94l.)
(a) See Porgy. (b) A
small whale.
Po"gy (?), n. (Zo\'94l.)
The menhaden.
Pogy is often confounded with
porgy, and therefore incorrectly applied to various
fishes.
Poh (?), interj. An exclamation
expressing contempt or disgust; bah !
Po*ha"gen, n. (Zo\'94l.) See
Pauhaugen.
Po"i (?), n. A national food of
the Hawaiians, made by baking and pounding the kalo (or taro)
root, and reducing it to a thin paste, which is allowed to
ferment.
{ Poi"ci*le (?), P\'d2"ci*le
(?) }, n. [NL., fr. Gr. / (sc.
/); cf. L. poecile.] The frescoed porch
or gallery in Athens where Zeno taught.
R. Browning.
Poign"an*cy (?), n. The quality
or state of being poignant; as, the poignancy of
satire; the poignancy of grief.
Swift.
Poign"ant (?), a. [F., p. pr.
of poindre to sting, fr. L. pungere to
prick, sting. See Pungent.] 1.
Pricking; piercing; sharp; pungent. \'bdHis
poignant spear.\'b8 Spenser.
\'bdPoynaunt sauce.\'b8 Chaucer.
2. Fig.: Pointed; keen; satirical.
His wit . . . became more lively and poignant.
Sir W. Scott.
Poign"ant*ly, adv. In a poignant
manner.
Poi`ki*lit"ic (?), a.
(Geol.) See P\'d2cilitic.
Poi"ki*lo*cyte (?), n. [Gr. /
diversified, changeable + / hollow vessel.]
(Physiol.) An irregular form of corpuscle found
in the blood in cases of profound an\'91mia, probably a
degenerated red blood corpuscle.
{ Poi`ki*lo*ther"mal (?),
Poi`ki*lo*ther"mic (?), } a.
[Gr. / changeable + E. thermal,
thermic.] (Physiol.) Having a
varying body temperature. See Homoiothermal.
Poi`ki*lo*ther"mous (?), a.
(Physiol.) Poikilothermal.
\'d8Poin`ci*a"na (?), n. [NL.
Named after M. de Poinci, a governor of the French
West Indies.] (Bot.) A prickly tropical
shrub (C\'91salpinia, formerly Poinciana,
pulcherrima), with bipinnate leaves, and racemes of showy
orange-red flowers with long crimson filaments.
Poinciana is kept up for three
trees of Eastern Africa, the Mascarene Islands, and India.
Poind (?), v. t. [See
Pound to confine.] 1. To impound, as
cattle. [Obs. or Scot.]
Flavel.
2. To distrain. [Scot.]
Sir W. Scott.
Poind"er (?), n. 1.
The keeper of a cattle pound; a pinder. [Obs. or
Scot.]
T. Adams.
2. One who distrains property.
[Scot.]
Jamieson.
\'d8Poin*set"ti*a (?), n. [NL.
Named after Joel R. Poinsett of South Carolina.]
(Bot.) A Mexican shrub (Euphorbia
pulcherrima) with very large and conspicuous vermilion
bracts below the yellowish flowers.
Point (?), v. t. & i. To
appoint. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Point, n. [F. point, and
probably also pointe, L. punctum,
puncta, fr. pungere, punctum, to
prick. See Pungent, and cf. Puncto,
Puncture.] 1. That which pricks or
pierces; the sharp end of anything, esp. the sharp end of a
piercing instrument, as a needle or a pin.
2. An instrument which pricks or pierces, as a sort
of needle used by engravers, etchers, lace workers, and others;
also, a pointed cutting tool, as a stone cutter's
point; -- called also
pointer.
3. Anything which tapers to a sharp, well-defined
termination. Specifically: A small promontory or cape; a tract of
land extending into the water beyond the common shore line.
4. The mark made by the end of a sharp, piercing
instrument, as a needle; a prick.
5. An indefinitely small space; a mere spot
indicated or supposed. Specifically: (Geom.) That
which has neither parts nor magnitude; that which has position,
but has neither length, breadth, nor thickness, -- sometimes
conceived of as the limit of a line; that by the motion of which
a line is conceived to be produced.
6. An indivisible portion of time; a moment; an
instant; hence, the verge.
When time's first point begun
Made he all souls.
Sir J. Davies.
7. A mark of punctuation; a character used to mark
the divisions of a composition, or the pauses to be observed in
reading, or to point off groups of figures, etc.; a stop, as a
comma, a semicolon, and esp. a period; hence, figuratively, an
end, or conclusion.
And there a point, for ended is my tale.
Chaucer.
Commas and points they set exactly right.
Pope.
8. Whatever serves to mark progress, rank, or
relative position, or to indicate a transition from one state or
position to another, degree; step; stage; hence, position or
condition attained; as, a point of elevation, or of
depression; the stock fell off five points; he won by
tenpoints. \'bdA point of
precedence.\'b8 Selden. \'bdCreeping on from
point to point.\'b8 Tennyson.
A lord full fat and in good point.
Chaucer.
9. That which arrests attention, or indicates
qualities or character; a salient feature; a characteristic; a
peculiarity; hence, a particular; an item; a detail; as, the
good or bad points of a man, a horse, a book, a story,
etc.
He told him, point for point, in short
and plain.
Chaucer.
In point of religion and in point of
honor.
Bacon.
Shalt thou dispute
With Him the points of liberty ?
Milton.
10. Hence, the most prominent or important feature,
as of an argument, discourse, etc.; the essential matter; esp.,
the proposition to be established; as, the point of
an anecdote. \'bdHere lies the point.\'b8
Shak.
They will hardly prove his point.
Arbuthnot.
11. A small matter; a trifle; a least
consideration; a punctilio.
This fellow doth not stand upon points.
Shak.
[He] cared not for God or man a point.
Spenser.
12. (Mus.) A dot or mark used to
designate certain tones or time; as: (a)
(Anc. Mus.) A dot or mark distinguishing or
characterizing certain tones or styles; as, points
of perfection, of augmentation, etc.; hence, a note; a
tune. \'bdSound the trumpet -- not a levant, or a
flourish, but a point of war.\'b8 Sir W.
Scott. (b) (Mod. Mus.) A dot placed
at the right hand of a note, to raise its value, or prolong its
time, by one half, as to make a whole note equal to three half
notes, a half note equal to three quarter notes.
13. (Astron.) A fixed conventional place
for reference, or zero of reckoning, in the heavens, usually the
intersection of two or more great circles of the sphere, and
named specifically in each case according to the position
intended; as, the equinoctial points; the solstitial
points; the nodal points; vertical
points, etc. See Equinoctial Nodal.
14. (Her.) One of the several different
parts of the escutcheon. See Escutcheon.
15. (Naut.) (a) One of the
points of the compass (see Points of the compass,
below); also, the difference between two points of the compass;
as, to fall off a point. (b)
A short piece of cordage used in reefing sails. See
Reef point, under Reef.
16. (Anc. Costume) A a string or lace
used to tie together certain parts of the dress.
Sir W. Scott.
17. Lace wrought the needle; as, point
de Venise; Brussels point. See Point lace,
below.
18. pl. (Railways) A
switch. [Eng.]
19. An item of private information; a hint; a tip;
a pointer. [Cant, U. S.]
20. (Cricket) A fielder who is stationed
on the off side, about twelve or fifteen yards from, and a little
in advance of, the batsman.
21. The attitude assumed by a pointer dog when he
finds game; as, the dog came to a point. See
Pointer.
22. (Type Making) A standard unit of
measure for the size of type bodies, being one twelfth of the
thickness of pica type. See Point system of type,
under Type.
23. A tyne or snag of an antler.
24. One of the spaces on a backgammon board.
25. (Fencing) A movement executed with
the saber or foil; as, tierce point.
point is a general term, much
used in the sciences, particularly in mathematics, mechanics,
perspective, and physics, but generally either in the geometrical
sense, or in that of degree, or condition of change, and with
some accompanying descriptive or qualifying term, under which, in
the vocabulary, the specific uses are explained; as, boiling
point, carbon point, dry point,
freezing point, melting point, vanishing
point, etc.
At all points, in every particular,
completely; perfectly. Shak. -- At
point, In point, At, In,
the point, as near as can be; on
the verge; about (see About, prep., 6);
as, at the point of death; he was on the
point of speaking. \'bdIn point to fall
down.\'b8 Chaucer. \'bdCaius Sidius Geta, at
point to have been taken, recovered himself so valiantly as
brought day on his side.\'b8 Milton. -- Dead
point. (Mach.) Same as Dead
center, under Dead. -- Far point
(Med.), in ophthalmology, the farthest point at
which objects are seen distinctly. In normal eyes the nearest
point at which objects are seen distinctly; either with the two
eyes together (binocular near point), or with each eye
separately (monocular near point). -- Nine
points of the law, all but the tenth point; the greater
weight of authority. -- On the point. See
At point, above. -- Point lace,
lace wrought with the needle, as distinguished from that made
on the pillow. -- Point net, a machine-made
lace imitating a kind of Brussels lace (Brussels ground). --
Point of concurrence (Geom.), a point
common to two lines, but not a point of tangency or of
intersection, as, for instance, that in which a cycloid meets its
base. -- Point of contrary flexure, a point
at which a curve changes its direction of curvature, or at which
its convexity and concavity change sides. -- Point of
order, in parliamentary practice, a question of order
or propriety under the rules. -- Point of sight
(Persp.), in a perspective drawing, the point
assumed as that occupied by the eye of the spectator. --
Point of view, the relative position from which
anything is seen or any subject is considered. --
Points of the compass (Naut.), the
thirty-two points of division of the compass card in the
mariner's compass; the corresponding points by which the circle
of the horizon is supposed to be divided, of which the four
marking the directions of east, west, north, and south, are
called cardinal points, and the rest are named from
their respective directions, as N. by E., N. N. E., N. E. by N.,
N. E., etc. See Illust. under Compass. --
Point paper, paper pricked through so as to form a
stencil for transferring a design. -- Point system of
type. See under Type. -- Singular
point (Geom.), a point of a curve which
possesses some property not possessed by points in general on the
curve, as a cusp, a point of inflection, a node, etc. --
To carry one's point, to accomplish one's object,
as in a controversy. -- To make a point of,
to attach special importance to. -- To
make, gain, a point,
accomplish that which was proposed; also, to make advance by
a step, grade, or position. -- To mark,
score, a point, as in
billiards, cricket, etc., to note down, or to make, a successful
hit, run, etc. -- To strain a point, to go
beyond the proper limit or rule; to stretch one's authority or
conscience. -- Vowel point, in Hebrew, and
certain other Eastern and ancient languages, a mark placed above
or below the consonant, or attached to it, representing the
vowel, or vocal sound, which precedes or follows the
consonant.
Point (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Pointed; p. pr.
& vb. n. Pointing.] [Cf. F.
pointer. See Point, n.]
1. To give a point to; to sharpen; to cut, forge,
grind, or file to an acute end; as, to point a dart,
or a pencil. Used also figuratively; as, to
point a moral.
2. To direct toward an abject; to aim; as, to
point a gun at a wolf, or a cannon at a fort.
3. Hence, to direct the attention or notice
of.
Whosoever should be guided through his battles by Minerva, and
pointed to every scene of them.
Pope.
4. To supply with punctuation marks; to punctuate;
as, to point a composition.
5. To mark (as Hebrew) with vowel points.
6. To give particular prominence to; to designate
in a special manner; to indicate, as if by pointing; as, the
error was pointed out.
Pope.
He points it, however, by no deviation from his
straightforward manner of speech.
Dickens.
7. To indicate or discover by a fixed look, as
game.
8. (Masonry) To fill up and finish the
joints of (a wall), by introducing additional cement or mortar,
and bringing it to a smooth surface.
9. (Stone Cutting) To cut, as a surface,
with a pointed tool.
To point a rope (Naut.), to taper
and neatly finish off the end by interweaving the nettles.
-- To point a sail (Naut.), to affix
points through the eyelet holes of the reefs. -- To
point off, to divide into periods or groups, or to
separate, by pointing, as figures. -- To point the
yards (of a vessel) (Naut.), to brace them
so that the wind shall strike the sails obliquely.
Totten.
<-- p. 106 -->
Point (point), v. i. 1.
To direct the point of something, as of a finger, for the
purpose of designating an object, and attracting attention to it;
-- with at.
Now must the world point at poor Katharine.
Shak.
Point at the tattered coat and ragged shoe.
Dryden.
2. To indicate the presence of game by fixed and
steady look, as certain hunting dogs do.
He treads with caution, and he points with
fear.
Gay.
3. (Med.) To approximate to the surface;
to head; -- said of an abscess.
To point at, to treat with scorn or contempt
by pointing or directing attention to. -- To point
well (Naut.), to sail close to the wind; --
said of a vessel.
Point"al (?), n. [From
Point: cf. F. pointal an upright wooden prop,
OF. pointille a prick or prickle.]
1. (Bot.) The pistil of a plant.
2. A kind of pencil or style used with the tablets
of the Middle Ages. \'bdA pair of tablets [i. e.,
tablets] . . . and a pointel.\'b8
Chaucer.
3. (Arch.) See Poyntel.
[Obs. or R.]
Point`-blank" (?), n. [F.
point point + blanc white.]
1. The white spot on a target, at which an arrow or
other missile is aimed. [Obs.]
Jonson.
2. (Mil.) (a) With all small
arms, the second point in which the natural line of sight, when
horizontal, cuts the trajectory. (b) With
artillery, the point where the projectile first strikes the
horizontal plane on which the gun stands, the axis of the piece
being horizontal.
Point`-blank", a. 1. Directed
in a line toward the object aimed at; aimed directly toward the
mark.
2. Hence, direct; plain; unqualified; -- said of
language; as, a point-blank assertion.
Point-blank range, the extent of the apparent
right line of a ball discharged. -- Point-blank
shot, the shot of a gun pointed directly toward the
object to be hit.
Point`-blank", adv. In a point-blank
manner.
To sin point-blank against God's word.
Fuller.
<-- the following foreign words had no mark \'d8 in front, in the
original. Why? -->
Point` d'ap`pui" (?). [F.]
(Mil.) See under Appui.
{ Point`-de*vice", Point`-de*vise"
} (?), a. [OE. at point
devis; at at + point point, condition
+ devis exact, careful, OF. devis fixed,
set. See Device.] Uncommonly nice and exact;
precise; particular.
You are rather point-devise in your
accouterments.
Shak.
Thus he grew up, in logic point-devise,
Perfect in grammar, and in rhetoric nice.
Longfellow.
{ Point`-de*vice", Point`-de*vise",
} adv. Exactly. [Obs.]
Shak.
Point"ed (?), a. 1.
Sharp; having a sharp point; as, a pointed
rock.
2. Characterized by sharpness, directness, or
pithiness of expression; terse; epigrammatic; especially,
directed to a particular person or thing.
His moral pleases, not his pointed wit.
Pope.
Pointed arch (Arch.), an arch with
a pointed crown. -- Pointed style
(Arch.), a name given to that style of
architecture in which the pointed arch is the predominant
feature; -- more commonly called
Gothic.
-- Point"ed*ly, adv. --
Point"ed*ness, n.
Point"el (?), n. [From
Point. Cf. Pointal.] See
Pointal.
Point"er (?), n. One who, or
that which, points. Specifically: (a) The
hand of a timepiece. (b) (Zo\'94l.)
One of a breed of dogs trained to stop at scent of game, and
with the nose point it out to sportsmen. (c)
pl. (Astron.) The two stars (Merak
and Dubhe) in the Great Bear, the line between which points
nearly in the direction of the north star. See
Illust. of Ursa Major. (b)
pl. (Naut.) Diagonal braces
sometimes fixed across the hold.
Point"ing, n. 1. The act of
sharpening.
2. The act of designating, as a position or
direction, by means of something pointed, as a finger or a
rod.
3. The act or art of punctuating;
punctuation.
4. The act of filling and finishing the joints in
masonry with mortar, cement, etc.; also, the material so
used.
5. The rubbing off of the point of the wheat grain
in the first process of high milling.
6. (Sculpt.) The act or process of
measuring, at the various distances from the surface of a block
of marble, the surface of a future piece of statuary; also, a
process used in cutting the statue from the artist's model.
Point`ing*stock` (?), n. An
object of ridicule or scorn; a laughingstock.
Shak.
Point"less, a. Having no point; blunt;
wanting keenness; obtuse; as, a pointless sword; a
pointless remark.
Syn. -- Blunt; obtuse, dull; stupid.
Point"less*ly, adv. Without point.
Point"let*ed (?), a.
(Bot.) Having a small, distinct point;
apiculate.
Henslow.
Poin"trel (?), n. A graving
tool.
Knight.
Points"man (?), n.; pl.
-men (-men). A man who
has charge of railroad points or switches.
[Eng.]
Poise (?), n. [OE.
pois, peis, OF. pois,
peis, F. poids, fr. L. pensum a
portion weighed out, pendere to weigh, weigh out. Cf.
Avoirdupois, Pendant, Poise,
v.] [Formerly written also
peise.] 1. Weight; gravity; that
which causes a body to descend; heaviness. \'bdWeights of
an extraordinary poise.\'b8
Evelyn.
<-- Obsolete? -->
2. The weight, or mass of metal, used in weighing,
to balance the substance weighed.
3. The state of being balanced by equal weight or
power; equipoise; balance; equilibrium; rest.
Bentley.
4. That which causes a balance; a
counterweight.
Men of unbounded imagination often want the poise
of judgment.
Dryden.
Poise (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Poised,
(/); p. pr. & vb. n.
Poising.] [OE. poisen,
peisen, OF. & F. peser, to weigh, balance,
OF. il peise, il poise, he weighs, F. il
p\'8ase, fr. L. pensare, v. intens. fr.
pendere to weigh. See Poise, n.,
and cf. Pensive.] [Formerly written also
peise.] 1. To balance; to make
of equal weight; as, to poise the scales of a
balance.
2. To hold or place in equilibrium or
equiponderance.
Nor yet was earth suspended in the sky;
Nor poised, did on her own foundation lie.
Dryden.
3. To counterpoise; to counterbalance.
One scale of reason to poise another of
sensuality.
Shak.
To poise with solid sense a sprightly wit.
Dryden.
4. To ascertain, as by the balance; to weigh.
He can not sincerely consider the strength, poise
the weight, and discern the evidence.
South.
5. To weigh (down); to oppress.
[Obs.]
Lest leaden slumber peise me down to-morrow.
Shak.
Poise, v. i. To hang in equilibrium; to
be balanced or suspended; hence, to be in suspense or
doubt.
The slender, graceful spars
Poise aloft in air.
Longfellow.
Pois"er (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The balancer of dipterous
insects.
Poi"son (?), n. [F.
poison, in Old French also, a potion, fr. L.
potio a drink, draught, potion, a poisonous draught,
fr. potare to drink. See Potable, and cf.
Potion.] 1. Any agent which, when
introduced into the animal organism, is capable of producing a
morbid, noxious, or deadly effect upon it; as, morphine is a
deadly poison; the poison of pestilential
diseases.
2. That which taints or destroys moral purity or
health; as, the poison of evil example; the
poison of sin.
Poison ash. (Bot.) (a) A
tree of the genus Amyris (A. balsamifera)
found in the West Indies, from the trunk of which a black liquor
distills, supposed to have poisonous qualities. (b)
The poison sumac (Rhus venenata). [U.
S.] -- Poison dogwood (Bot.),
poison sumac. -- Poison fang
(Zo\'94l.), one of the superior maxillary teeth of
some species of serpents, which, besides having the cavity for
the pulp, is either perforated or grooved by a longitudinal
canal, at the lower end of which the duct of the poison gland
terminates. See Illust. under Fang. --
Poison gland (Biol.), a gland, in
animals or plants, which secretes an acrid or venomous matter,
that is conveyed along an organ capable of inflicting a
wound. -- Poison hemlock (Bot.), a
poisonous umbelliferous plant (Conium maculatum). See
Hemlock. -- Poison ivy
(Bot.), a poisonous climbing plant (Rhus
Toxicodendron) of North America. It is common on stone
walls and on the trunks of trees, and has trifoliate,
rhombic-ovate, variously notched leaves. Many people are poisoned
by it, if they touch the leaves. See Poison sumac.
Called also poison oak, and
mercury. -- Poison nut.
(Bot.) (a) Nux vomica. (b)
The tree which yields this seed (Strychnos
Nuxvomica). It is found on the Malabar and Coromandel
coasts. -- Poison oak (Bot.), the
poison ivy; also, the more shrubby Rhus diversiloba of
California and Oregon. Poison sac.
(Zo\'94l.) Same as Poison gland, above.
See Illust. under Fang. -- Poison
sumac (Bot.), a poisonous shrub of the genus
Rhus (R. venenata); -- also called
poison ash, poison dogwood,
and poison elder. It has pinnate leaves on
graceful and slender common petioles, and usually grows in swampy
places. Both this plant and the poison ivy (Rhus
Toxicodendron) have clusters of smooth greenish white
berries, while the red-fruited species of this genus are
harmless. The tree (Rhus vernicifera) which yields the
celebrated Japan lacquer is almost identical with the poison
sumac, and is also very poisonous. The juice of the poison sumac
also forms a lacquer similar to that of Japan.
Syn. -- Venom; virus; bane; pest; malignity.
-- Poison, Venom. Poison usually
denotes something received into the system by the mouth, breath,
etc. Venom is something discharged from animals and
received by means of a wound, as by the bite or sting of
serpents, scorpions, etc. Hence, venom specifically
implies some malignity of nature or purpose.
Poi"son, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Poisoned (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Poisoning.] [Cf. OF.
poisonner, F. empoissoner, L.
potionare to give to drink. See Poison,
n.]
1. To put poison upon or into; to infect with
poison; as, to poison an arrow; to poison
food or drink. \'bdThe ingredients of our
poisoned chalice.\'b8
Shak.
2. To injure or kill by poison; to administer
poison to.
If you poison us, do we not die ?
Shak.
3. To taint; to corrupt; to vitiate; as, vice
poisons happiness; slander poisoned his
mind.
Whispering tongues can poison truth.
Coleridge.
Poi"son, v. i. To act as, or convey, a
poison.
Tooth that poisons if it bite.
Shak.
Poi"son*a*ble (?), a. 1.
Capable of poisoning; poisonous. [Obs.]
\'bdPoisonable heresies.\'b8
Tooker.
2. Capable of being poisoned.
Poi"son*er (?), n. One who
poisons.
Shak.
Poi"son*ous (?), a. Having the
qualities or effects of poison; venomous; baneful; corrupting;
noxious. Shak. --
Poi"son*ous*ly, adv. --
Poi"son*ous*ness, n.
Poi"son*some (?), a.
Poisonous.[Obs.] Holland.
Poi"sure (?), n. [See
Poise.] Weight. [Obs.]
Poi"trel (?), n. [OE.
poitrel, F. poitrail, fr. L.
pectorale a breastplate, fr. pectoralis, a.
See Pectoral, a.] (Anc.
Armor) The breastplate of the armor of a horse. See
Peytrel. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Poize (?), n. See
Poise. [Obs.]
Po*kal" (?), n. [G.]
A tall drinking cup.
Poke (?), n. (Bot.)
A large North American herb of the genus
Phytolacca (P. decandra), bearing dark
purple juicy berries; -- called also garget,
pigeon berry, pocan, and
pokeweed. The root and berries have emetic and
purgative properties, and are used in medicine. The young shoots
are sometimes eaten as a substitute for asparagus, and the
berries are said to be used in Europe to color wine.
Poke, n. [AS. poca,
poha, pohha; akin to Icel. poki,
OD. poke, and perh. to E. pock; cf. also
Gael.poca, and OF. poque. Cf.
Pock, Pocket, Pouch.]
1. A bag; a sack; a pocket. \'bdHe drew a
dial from his poke.\'b8
Shak.
They wallowed as pigs in a poke.
Chaucer.
2. A long, wide sleeve; -- called also
poke sleeve.
To boy a pig a poke (that is, in a bag), to
buy a thing without knowledge or examination of it.
Camden.
Poke, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Poked (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Poking.] [Cf. LG. poken to
prick, pierce, thrust, pok a dagger, knife, D.
pook, G. pocken to beat, also Ir.
poc a blow, Gael. puc to push.]
1. To thrust or push against or into with anything
pointed; hence, to stir up; to excite; as, to poke a
fire.
He poked John, and said \'bdSleepest thou ?\'b8
Chaucer.
2. To thrust with the horns; to gore.
3. [From 5th Poke, 3.] To put a
poke on; as, to poke an ox.
[Colloq. U. S.]
To poke fun, to excite fun; to joke; to
jest. [Colloq.] -- To poke fun at,
to make a butt of; to ridicule.
[Colloq.]
Poke, v. i. To search; to feel one's
way, as in the dark; to grope; as, to poke
about.
A man must have poked into Latin and Greek.
Prior.
Poke, n. 1. The act of poking;
a thrust; a jog; as, a poke in the ribs.
Ld. Lytton.
2. A lazy person; a dawdler; also, a stupid or
uninteresting person. [Slang, U.S.]
Bartlett.
3. A contrivance to prevent an animal from leaping
or breaking through fences. It consists of a yoke with a pole
inserted, pointed forward. [U.S.]
Poke bonnet, a bonnet with a straight,
projecting front.
Poke"bag` (?), n. [So called in
allusion to its baglike nest.] (Zo\'94l.)
The European long-tailed titmouse; -- called also
poke-pudding. [Prov. Eng.]
Pok"er (?), n. [From
Poke to push.] 1. One who
pokes.
2. That which pokes or is used in poking,
especially a metal bar or rod used in stirring a fire of
coals.
3. A poking-stick.
Decker.
4. (Zo\'94l.) The poachard.
[Prov. Eng.]
Poker picture, a picture formed in imitation
of bisterwashed drawings, by singeing the surface of wood with a
heated poker or other iron.<-- wood burning? -->
Fairholt.
Pok"er, n. [Of uncertain etymol.]
A game at cards derived from brag, and first played about
1835 in the Southwestern United States.
Johnson's Cyc.
<-- A poker hand is played with a poker deck, composed of
fifty-two cards, of thirteeen values, each card value being
represented once in each of four "suits", namely spades, hearts,
diamonds, and clubs. The game is played in many variations, but
almost invariably the stage of decision as to who wins occurs
when each player has five cards (or chooses five cards from some
larger number available to him). The winner usually is the
player with the highest-valued hand, but, in some variations, the
winner may be the player with the lowest-valued hand. The value
of a hand is ranked by hand types, representing the relationships
of the cards to each other. [The hand types are ranked by the
probability of receiving such a hand when dealt five cards.]
Within each hand type the value is also ranked by the values of
the cards. The hand types are labeled, in decreasing value: five
of a kind; royal flush; straight flush; four of a kind; full
house (coll. full boat, or boat); flush; straight; three of a
kind; two pairs; one pair; and, when the contending players have
no hands of any of the above types, the player with the
highest-valued card wins -- if there is a tie, the
next-highest-valued card of the tied players determines the
winner, and so on. If two players have the same type of hand,
the value of the cards within each type determines the winner;
thus, if two players both have three of a kind (and no other
player has a higher type of hand), the player whose three matched
cards have the highest card value is the winner. -->
Pok"er, n. [Cf. Dan. pokker
the deuce, devil, also W. pwci, a hobgoblin, bugbear,
and E. puck.] Any imagined frightful
object, especially one supposed to haunt the darkness; a
bugbear. [Colloq. U. S.]
Pok"er*ish, a. Infested by pokers;
adapted to excite fear; as, a pokerish
place. [Colloq. U. S.]
There is something pokerish about a deserted
dwelling.
Lowell.
Pok"er*ish, a. Stiff like a poker.
[Colloq.]
Pok"et (?), n. A pocket.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Poke"weed` (?), n. (Bot.)
See Poke, the plant.
Pok"ey (?), a. See
Poky.
Pok"ing (?), a. Drudging;
servile. [Colloq.]
Bred to some poking profession.
Gray.
Pok"ing-stick` (?), n. A small
stick or rod of steel, formerly used in adjusting the plaits of
ruffs.
Shak.
Pok"y (?), a. [Written also
pokey.] 1. Confined;
cramped. [Prov. Eng.]
2. Dull; tedious; uninteresting.
[Colloq.]
Po*lac"ca (?), n. [It.
polacca, polaccra, polacra; cf.
F. polaque, polacre, Sp.
polacre,] [Written also
polacre.] 1. (Naut.)
A vessel with two or three masts, used in the Mediterranean.
The masts are usually of one piece, and without tops, caps, or
crosstrees.
2. (Mus.) See Polonaise.
Po"lack (?), n. A
Polander.
Shak.
Po*la"cre (?), n. Same as
Polacca, 1.
Po"land*er (?), n. A native or
inhabitant of Poland; a Pole.
Po"lar (?), a. [Cf. F.
polaire. See Pole of the earth.]
1. Of or pertaining to one of the poles of the
earth, or of a sphere; situated near, or proceeding from, one of
the poles; as, polar regions; polar seas;
polar winds.
2. Of or pertaining to the magnetic pole, or to the
point to which the magnetic needle is directed.
3. (Geom.) Pertaining to, reckoned from,
or having a common radiating point; as, polar
co\'94rdinates.
Polar axis, that axis of an astronomical
instrument, as an equatorial, which is parallel to the earths
axis. -- Polar bear (Zo\'94l.), a
large bear (Ursus, )
inhabiting the arctic regions. It sometimes measures nearly nine
feet in length and weighs 1,600 pounds. It is partially
amphibious, very powerful, and the most carnivorous of all the
bears. The fur is white, tinged with yellow. Called also
White bear. See Bear. --
Polar body, cell, globule (Biol.), a minute cell
which separates by karyokinesis from the ovum during its
maturation. In the maturation of ordinary ova two polar bodies
are formed, but in parthogenetic ova only one. The first polar
body formed is usually larger than the second one, and often
divides into two after its separation from the ovum. Each of the
polar bodies removes maternal chromatin from the ovum to make
room for the chromatin of the fertilizing spermatozo\'94n; but
their functions are not fully understood. -- Polar
circles (Astron. & Geog.), two circles, each
at a distance from a pole of the earth equal to the obliquity of
the ecliptic, or about 23arctic circle, and the southern the antarctic
circle. -- Polar clock, a tube,
containing a polarizing apparatus, turning on an axis parallel to
that of the earth, and indicating the hour of the day on an hour
circle, by being turned toward the plane of maximum polarization
of the light of the sky, which is always 90 -- Polar co\'94rdinates. See under 3d
Co\'94rdinate. -- Polar dial, a dial
whose plane is parallel to a great circle passing through the
poles of the earth. Math. Dict. -- Polar
distance, the angular distance of any point on a sphere
from one of its poles, particularly of a heavenly body from the
north pole of the heavens. -- Polar equation of a
line surface, an equation which
expresses the relation between the polar co\'94rdinates of every
point of the line or surface. -- Polar forces
(Physics), forces that are developed and act in
pairs, with opposite tendencies or properties in the two
elements, as magnetism, electricity, etc. -- Polar
hare (Zo\'94l.), a large hare of Arctic
America (Lepus arcticus), which turns pure white in
winter. It is probably a variety of the common European hare
(L. timidus). -- Polar lights, the
aurora borealis or australis. -- Polar,
Polaric, opposition contrast (Logic), an opposition
or contrast made by the existence of two opposite conceptions
which are the extremes in a species, as white and black in
colors; hence, as great an opposition or contrast as
possible. -- Polar projection. See under
Projection. -- Polar spherical triangle
(Spherics), a spherical triangle whose three
angular points are poles of the sides of a given triangle.
See 4th Pole, 2. -- Polar whale
(Zo\'94l.), the right whale, or bowhead. See
Whale.
<-- p. 107 -->
Po"lar (?), n. (Conic
Sections) The right line drawn through the two points
of contact of the two tangents drawn from a given point to a
given conic section. The given point is called the
pole of the line. If the given point lies within the
curve so that the two tangents become imaginary, there is still a
real polar line which does not meet the curve, but which
possesses other properties of the polar. Thus the focus and
directrix are pole and polar. There are also poles and polar
curves to curves of higher degree than the second, and poles and
polar planes to surfaces of the second degree.
Pol"ar*chy (?), n. See
Polyarchy.
Po*lar"ic (?), a. See
Polar. [R.]
Po"lar*i*ly (?), adv. In a
polary manner; with polarity. [R.]
Sir T. Browne.
Po`lar*im"e*ter (?), n.
[Polar + -meter.]
(Opt.) An instrument for determining the amount
of polarization of light, or the proportion of polarized light,
in a partially polarized ray.
Po`lar*im"e*try (?), n.
(Opt.) The art or process of measuring the
polarization of light.
\'d8Po*la"ris (?), n. [NL. See
Polar.] (Astron.) The polestar.
See North star, under North.
Po*lar"i*scope (?), n.
[Polar + -scope.]
(Opt.) An instrument consisting essentially of a
polarizer and an analyzer, used for polarizing light, and
analyzing its properties.
Po*lar`i*scop"ic (?), a.
(Opt.) Of or pertaining to the polariscope;
obtained by the use of a polariscope; as,
polariscopic observations.
Po`lar*is"co*py (?), n.
(Opt.) The art or rocess of making observations
with the polariscope.
Po`lar*is"tic (?), a.
Pertaining to, or exhibiting, poles; having a polar
arrangement or disposition; arising from, or dependent upon, the
possession of poles or polar characteristics; as,
polaristic antagonism.
Po*lar"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F.
polarit\'82.] 1. (Physics)
That quality or condition of a body in virtue of which it
exhibits opposite, or contrasted, properties or powers, in
opposite, or contrasted, parts or directions; or a condition
giving rise to a contrast of properties corresponding to a
contrast of positions, as, for example, attraction and
repulsion in the opposite parts of a magnet, the dissimilar
phenomena corresponding to the different sides of a polarized ray
of light, etc.
2. (Geom.) A property of the conic
sections by virtue of which a given point determines a
corresponding right line and a given right line determines a
corresponding point. See Polar, n.
Po"lar*i`za*ble (?), a.
Susceptible of polarization.
Po`lar*i*za"tion (?), n. [Cf.
F. polarisation.]
1. The act of polarizing; the state of being
polarized, or of having polarity.
2. (Opt.) A peculiar affection or
condition of the rays of light or heat, in consequence of which
they exhibit different properties in different directions.
polarized light, while the
modification which the light has experienced by this reflection
is called polarization. The plane in which the beam of
light is reflected from the first mirror is called the plane
of polarization. The angle of polarization is
the angle at which a beam of light must be reflected, in order
that the polarization may be the most complete. The term
polarization was derived from the theory of emission,
and it was conceived that each luminous molecule has two poles
analogous to the poles of a magnet; but this view is not now
held. According to the undulatory theory, ordinary light is
produced by vibrations transverse or perpendicular to the
direction of the ray, and distributed as to show no distinction
as to any particular direction. But when, by any means, these,
vibrations are made to take place in one plane, the light is said
to be plane polarized. If only a portion of the
vibrations lie in one plane the ray is said to be partially
polarized. Light may be polarized by several methods other
than by reflection, as by refraction through most crystalline
media, or by being transmitted obliquely through several plates
of glass with parallel faces. If a beam of polarized light be
transmitted through a crystal of quartz in the direction of its
axis, the plane of polarization will be changed by an angle
proportional to the thickness of the crystal. This phenomenon is
called rotatory polarization. A beam of light
reflected from a metallic surface, or from glass surfaces under
certain peculiar conditions, acquires properties still more
complex, its vibrations being no longer rectilinear, but
circular, or elliptical. This phenomenon is called
circular or elliptical polarization.
3. (Elec.) An effect produced upon the
plates of a voltaic battery, or the electrodes in an electrolytic
cell, by the deposition upon them of the gases liberated by the
action of the current. It is chiefly due to the hydrogen, and
results in an increase of the resistance, and the setting up of
an opposing electro-motive force, both of which tend materially
to weaken the current of the battery, or that passing through the
cell.
Po"lar*ize (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Polarized
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Polarizing
(?).] [Cf. F.
polariser.] To communicate polarity
to.
Po"lar*i`zer (?), n.
(Physics) That which polarizes; especially, the
part of a polariscope which receives and polarizes the light. It
is usually a reflecting plate, or a plate of some crystal, as
tourmaline, or a doubly refracting crystal.
<-- Polaroid. [A trademark of the Polaroid company] 1.
polarizing light; as, a polaroid lens. Used to refer to a
smitransparent material which permits transmission of only
plane-polarized light. 2. Relating to, or able to take, instant
photographs; as, a polaroid camera; a polaroid photo. -->
Po"lar*y (?), a. Tending to a
pole; having a direction toward a pole. [R.]
Sir T. Browne.
\'d8Po`la`touche" (?), n.
[F.] (Zo\'94l.) A flying squirrel
(Sciuropterus volans) native of Northern Europe and
Siberia; -- called also minene.
Pol"der (?), n. [D.]
A tract of low land reclaimed from the sea by of high
embankments. [Holland & Belgium]
Pold"way` (?), n. [Cf.
Poledavy.] A kind of coarse bagging, -- used
for coal sacks.
Weale.
Pole (?), n. [Cf. G.
Pole a Pole, Polen Poland.] A
native or inhabitant of Poland; a Polander.
Pole, n. [As. p\'bel, L.
palus, akin to pangere to make fast. Cf.
Pale a stake, Pact.] 1. A
long, slender piece of wood; a tall, slender piece of timber; the
stem of a small tree whose branches have been removed; as,
specifically: (a) A carriage pole, a wooden bar
extending from the front axle of a carriage between the wheel
horses, by which the carriage is guided and held back.
(b) A flag pole, a pole on which a flag is supported.
(c) A Maypole. See Maypole. (d) A
barber's pole, a pole painted in stripes, used as a sign by
barbers and hairdressers. (e) A pole on which climbing
beans, hops, or other vines, are trained.
2. A measuring stick; also, a measure of length
equal to 5/ yards, or a square measure equal to 30/ square
yards; a rod; a perch.
Bacon.
Pole bean (Bot.), any kind of bean
which is customarily trained on poles, as the scarlet runner or
the Lima bean. -- Pole flounder
(Zo\'94l.), a large deep-water flounder
(Glyptocephalus cynoglossus), native of the northern
coasts of Europe and America, and much esteemed as a food fish;
-- called also craig flounder, and
pole fluke. -- Pole lathe,
a simple form of lathe, or a substitute for a lathe, in which
the work is turned by means of a cord passing around it, one end
being fastened to the treadle, and the other to an elastic pole
above. -- Pole mast (Naut.), a
mast formed from a single piece or from a single tree. --
Pole of a lens (Opt.), the point where
the principal axis meets the surface. -- Pole
plate (Arch.), a horizontal timber resting
on the tiebeams of a roof and receiving the ends of the rafters.
It differs from the plate in not resting on the
wall.
Pole, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Poled (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Poling.] 1. To furnish with
poles for support; as, to pole beans or
hops.
2. To convey on poles; as, to pole hay
into a barn.
3. To impel by a pole or poles, as a boat.
4. To stir, as molten glass, with a pole.
Pole, n. [L. polus, Gr. / a
pivot or hinge on which anything turns, an axis, a pole; akin to
/ to move: cf. F. p\'93le.] 1.
Either extremity of an axis of a sphere; especially, one of
the extremities of the earth's axis; as, the north
pole.
2. (Spherics) A point upon the surface
of a sphere equally distant from every part of the circumference
of a great circle; or the point in which a diameter of the sphere
perpendicular to the plane of such circle meets the surface. Such
a point is called the pole of that circle; as, the
pole of the horizon; the pole of the ecliptic;
the pole of a given meridian.
3. (Physics) One of the opposite or
contrasted parts or directions in which a polar force is
manifested; a point of maximum intensity of a force which has two
such points, or which has polarity; as, the poles of
a magnet; the north pole of a needle.
4. The firmament; the sky.
[Poetic]
Shoots against the dusky pole.
Milton.
5. (Geom.) See Polarity, and
Polar, n.
Magnetic pole. See under
Magnetic. -- Poles of the earth,
Terrestrial poles (Geog.),
the two opposite points on the earth's surface through which
its axis passes. -- Poles of the heavens,
Celestial poles, the two opposite
points in the celestial sphere which coincide with the earth's
axis produced, and about which the heavens appear to
revolve.<-- sic. something seems missing. is "produced"
superfluous? -->
{ Pole"ax`, Pole"axe` }
(?), n. [OE. pollax; cf. OD.
pollexe. See Poll head, and Ax.]
Anciently, a kind of battle-ax with a long handle; later, an
ax or hatchet with a short handle, and a head variously
patterned; -- used by soldiers, and also by sailors in boarding a
vessel.
Pole"cat` (?), n. [Probably fr.
F. poule hen, and originally, a poultry cat, because
it feeds on poultry. See Poultry.]
(Zo\'94l.) (a) A small European
carnivore of the Weasel family (Putorius f\'d2tidus).
Its scent glands secrete a substance of an exceedingly
disagreeable odor. Called also fitchet,
foulmart, and European
ferret. (b) The zorilla. The name
is also applied to other allied species.
Pole"da`vy (?), n. [Etymology
uncertain.] A sort of coarse canvas; poldway.
[Obs.]
Howell.
Pole"less, a. Without a pole; as, a
poleless chariot.
Pol"e*march (?), n. [Gr. /;
/ war + / leader, from / to be first.] (Gr.
Antiq.) In Athens, originally, the military
commanderin-chief; but, afterward, a civil magistrate who had
jurisdiction in respect of strangers and sojourners. In other
Grecian cities, a high military and civil officer.
Po*lem"ic (?), a. [Gr. /
warlike, fr./ war: cf. F. pol\'82mique.]
1. Of or pertaining to controversy; maintaining, or
involving, controversy; controversial; disputative; as, a
polemic discourse or essay; polemic
theology.
2. Engaged in, or addicted to, polemics, or to
controversy; disputations; as, a polemic
writer.
South.
Po*lem"ic, n. 1. One who writes
in support of one opinion, doctrine, or system, in opposition to
another; one skilled in polemics; a controversialist; a
disputant.
The sarcasms and invectives of the young
polemic.
Macaulay.
2. A polemic argument or controversy.
Po*lem"ic*al (?), a. Polemic;
controversial; disputatious. --
Po*lem"ic*al*ly, adv.
Polemical and impertinent disputations.
Jer. Taylor.
Po*lem"i*cist (?), n. A
polemic. [R.]
Po*lem"ics (?), n. [Cf. F.
pol\'82mique.] The art or practice of
disputation or controversy, especially on religious subjects;
that branch of theological science which pertains to the history
or conduct of ecclesiastical controversy.
Pol"e*mist (?), n. A
polemic. [R.]
Pol`e*mo`ni*a"ceous (?), a.
(Bot.) Of or pertaining to a natural order of
plants (Polemoniace\'91), which includes
Polemonium, Phlox, Gilia, and a
few other genera.
\'d8Pol`e*mo"ni*um (?). n.
[NL., fr. Gr./ a kind of plant.] (Bot.)
A genus of gamopetalous perennial herbs, including the
Jacob's ladder and the Greek valerian.
Po*lem"o*scope (?), n. [Gr. /
war + -scope: cf. F. pol\'82moscope.]
An opera glass or field glass with an oblique mirror
arranged for seeing objects do not lie directly before the eye;
-- called also diagonal, .
Pol"e*my (?), n. [See
Polemic.] Warfare; war; hence, contention;
opposition. [Obs.]
\'d8Po*len"ta (?), n. [It., fr.
L. polenta peeled barley.] Pudding made of
Indian meal; also, porridge made of chestnut meal.
[Italy]
Pol"er (?), n. One who
poles.
Pol"er, n. An extortioner. See
Poller. [Obs.] Bacon.
Pole"star` (?), n. 1.
Polaris, or the north star. See North star,
under North.
2. A guide or director.
Pole"wards (?), adv. Toward a
pole of the earth. \'bdThe regions further
polewards.\'b8
Whewell.
Pole"wig (?), n. [Cf.
Polliwig.] (Zo\'94l.) The European
spotted goby (Gobius minutus); -- called also
pollybait. [Prov. Eng.]
Po"ley (?), n. (Bot.)
See Poly.
Po"ley, a. Without horns; polled.
[Prov. Eng.] \'bdThat poley heifer.\'b8
H. Kingsley.
Po"li*a*nite (?), n. [Gr. /
to become gray.] (Min.) Manganese dioxide,
occurring in tetragonal crystals nearly as hard as quartz.
Pol"i*cate (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Same as Pollicate.
Po*lice" (?), n. [F., fr. L.
politia the condition of a state, government,
administration, Gr. /, fr. / to be a citizen, to govern or
administer a state, fr. / citizen, fr. / city; akin to Skr.
pur, puri. Cf. Policy polity,
Polity.] 1. A judicial and executive
system, for the government of a city, town, or district, for the
preservation of rights, order, cleanliness, health, etc., and for
the enforcement of the laws and prevention of crime; the
administration of the laws and regulations of a city,
incorporated town, or borough.
2. That which concerns the order of the community;
the internal regulation of a state.
3. The organized body of civil officers in a city,
town, or district, whose particular duties are the preservation
of good order, the prevention and detection of crime, and the
enforcement of the laws.
4. (Mil.) Military police, the body of
soldiers detailed to preserve civil order and attend to sanitary
arrangements in a camp or garrison.
5. The cleaning of a camp or garrison, or the state
/ a camp as to cleanliness.
Police commissioner, a civil officer, usually
one of a board, commissioned to regulate and control the
appointment, duties, and discipline of the police. --
Police constable, Police
officer, a policeman. -- Police
court, a minor court to try persons brought before it
by the police. -- Police inspector, an
officer of police ranking next below a superintendent. --
Police jury, a body of officers who collectively
exercise jurisdiction in certain cases of police, as levying
taxes, etc.; -- so called in Louisiana. Bouvier. --
Police justice, Police
magistrate, a judge of a police court. --
Police offenses (Law), minor offenses
against the order of the community, of which a police court may
have final jurisdiction. -- Police station,
the headquarters of the police, or of a section of them; the
place where the police assemble for orders, and to which they
take arrested persons.
Po*lice", v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Policed (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Policing.] 1. To keep
in order by police.
2. (Mil.) To make clean; as, to
police a camp.
Po*liced" (?), a. Regulated by
laws for the maintenance of peace and order, enforced by
organized administration. \'bdA policed
kingdom.\'b8
Howell.
Po*lice"man (?), n.; pl.
Policemen (/). A member of a
body of police; a constable.
Po*li"cial (/), a. Relating
to the police. [R.]
<-- p. 108 -->
Pol"i*cied (?), a.
Policed. [Obs.]
Bacon.
Pol"i*cy (?), n.; pl.
Policies (#). [L.
politia, Gr. /; cf. F. police, Of.
police. See Police, n.]
1. Civil polity. [Obs.]
2. The settled method by which the government and
affairs of a nation are, or may be, administered; a system of
public or official administration, as designed to promote the
external or internal prosperity of a state.
3. The method by which any institution is
administered; system of management; course.
4. Management or administration based on temporal
or material interest, rather than on principles of equity or
honor; hence, worldly wisdom; dexterity of management; cunning;
stratagem.
5. Prudence or wisdom in the management of public
and private affairs; wisdom; sagacity; wit.
The very policy of a hostess, finding his purse so
far above his clothes, did detect him.
Fuller.
6. Motive; object; inducement.
[Obs.]
What policy have you to bestow a benefit where it
is counted an injury?
Sir P. Sidney.
Syn. -- See Polity.
Pol"i*cy, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Policied (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Policying.] To regulate by
laws; to reduce to order. [Obs.]
\'bdPolicying of cities.\'b8
Bacon.
Pol"i*cy, n. [F. police; cf.
Pr. polissia, Sp. p\'a2lizia, It.
p\'a2lizza; of uncertain origin; cf. L.
pollex thumb (as being used in pressing the seal), in
LL. also, seal; or cf. LL. politicum,
poleticum, polecticum, L.
polyptychum, account book, register, fr. Gr. /
having many folds or leaves; / many + / fold, leaf, from /
to fold; or cf. LL. apodixa a receipt.]
1. A ticket or warrant for money in the public
funds.
2. The writing or instrument in which a contract of
insurance is embodied; an instrument in writing containing the
terms and conditions on which one party engages to indemnify
another against loss arising from certain hazards, perils, or
risks to which his person or property may be exposed. See
Insurance.
3. A method of gambling by betting as to what
numbers will be drawn in a lottery; as, to play
policy.
Interest policy, a policy that shows by its
form that the assured has a real, substantial interest in the
matter insured. -- Open policy, one in which
the value of the goods or property insured is not mentioned.
-- Policy book, a book to contain a record of
insurance policies. -- Policy holder, one to
whom an insurance policy has been granted. -- Policy
shop, a gambling place where one may bet on the numbers
which will be drawn in lotteries. -- Valued
policy, one in which the value of the goods, property,
or interest insured is specified. -- Wager
policy, a policy that shows on the face of it that the
contract it embodies is a pretended insurance, founded on an
ideal risk, where the insured has no interest in anything
insured.
Pol"ing (?), n. [From
Pole a stick.] 1. The act of
supporting or of propelling by means of a pole or poles; as,
the poling of beans; the poling of a
boat.
2. (Gardening) The operation of
dispersing worm casts over the walks with poles.
3. One of the poles or planks used in upholding the
side earth in excavating a tunnel, ditch, etc.
Pol"ish (?), a. [From
Pole a Polander.] Of or pertaining to Poland
or its inhabitants. -- n. The
language of the Poles.
Pol"ish (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Polished
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Polishing.] [F. polir, L.
polire. Cf. Polite, -ish]
1. To make smooth and glossy, usually by friction;
to burnish; to overspread with luster; as, to polish
glass, marble, metals, etc.
2. Hence, to refine; to wear off the rudeness,
coarseness, or rusticity of; to make elegant and polite; as,
to polish life or manners.
Milton.
To polish off, to finish completely, as an
adversary. [Slang]
W. H. Russell.
Pol"ish, v. i. To become smooth, as from
friction; to receive a gloss; to take a smooth and glossy
surface; as, steel polishes well.
Bacon.
Pol"ish, n. 1. A smooth, glossy
surface, usually produced by friction; a gloss or luster.
Another prism of clearer glass and better
polish.
Sir I. Newton.
2. Anything used to produce a gloss.
3. Fig.: Refinement; elegance of manners.
This Roman polish and this smooth behavior.
Addison.
Pol"ish*a*ble (?), a. Capable
of being polished.
Pol"ished (?), a. Made smooth
and glossy, as by friction; hence, highly finished; refined;
polite; as, polished plate; polished
manners; polished verse.
Pol"ished*ness, n. The quality of being
polished.
Pol"ish*er (?), n. One who, or
that which, polishes; also, that which is used in
polishing.
Addison.
Pol"ish*ing, a. & n. from
Polish.
Polishing iron, an iron burnisher; esp., a
small smoothing iron used in laundries. -- Polishing
slate. (a) A gray or yellow slate, found in
Bohemia and Auvergne, and used for polishing glass, marble, and
metals. (b) A kind of hone or whetstone; hone
slate. -- Polishing snake, a tool used in
cleaning lithographic stones. -- Polishing wheel,
a wheel or disk coated with, or composed of, abrading
material, for polishing a surface.
Pol"ish*ment (?), n. The act of
polishing, or the state of being polished.
[R.]
Po*lite" (?), a.
[Compar. Politer (?);
superl. Politest.] [L.
politus, p. p. of polire to polish: cf. F.
poli. See Polish, v.]
1. Smooth; polished. [Obs.]
Rays of light falling on a polite surface.
Sir I. Newton.
2. Smooth and refined in behavior or manners; well
bred; courteous; complaisant; obliging; civil.
He marries, bows at court, and grows polite.
Pope.
3. Characterized by refinement, or a high degree of
finish; as, polite literature.
Macaulay.
Syn. -- Polished; refined; well bred; courteous; affable;
urbane; civil; courtly; elegant; genteel.
Po*lite", v. t. To polish; to refine; to
render polite. [Obs.]
Ray.
Po*lite"ly (?), adv. 1.
In a polished manner; so as to be smooth or glossy.
[Obs.]
Milton.
2. In a polite manner; with politeness.
Po*lite"ness, n. 1. High
finish; smoothness; burnished elegance. [R.]
Evelyn.
2. The quality or state of being polite; refinement
of manners; urbanity; courteous behavior; complaisance; obliging
attentions.
Syn. -- Courtesy; good breeding; refinement; urbanity;
courteousness; affability; complaisance; civility; gentility;
courtliness. -- Politeness,
Courtesy. Politeness denotes that ease and
gracefulness of manners which first sprung up in cities,
connected with a desire to please others by anticipating their
wants and wishes, and studiously avoiding whatever might give
them pain. Courtesy is, etymologically, the
politeness of courts. It displays itself in the
address and manners; it is shown more especially in receiving and
entertaining others, and is a union of dignified complaisance and
kindness.
\'d8Pol`i*tesse" (?), n.
[F.] Politeness.
Pol"i*tic (?), a. [L.
politicus political, Gr. / belonging to the citizens
or to the state, fr./ citizen: cf. F. politique. See
Police, and cf. ePolitical.] 1.
Of or pertaining to polity, or civil government; political;
as, the body politic. See under
Body.
He with his people made all but one politic
body.
Sir P. Sidney.
2. Pertaining to, or promoting, a policy,
especially a national policy; well-devised; adapted to its end,
whether right or wrong; -- said of things; as, a
politic treaty. \'bdEnrich'd with
politic grave counsel.\'b8
Shak.
3. Sagacious in promoting a policy; ingenious in
devising and advancing a system of management; devoted to a
scheme or system rather than to a principle; hence, in a good
sense, wise; prudent; sagacious; and in a bad sense, artful;
unscrupulous; cunning; -- said of persons.
Politic with my friend, smooth with mine enemy.
Shak.
Syn. -- Wise; prudent; sagacious; discreet; provident; wary;
artful; cunning.
Pol`i*tic, n. A politician.
[Archaic]
Bacon.
Swiftly the politic goes; is it dark? he borrows a
lantern;
Slowly the statesman and sure, guiding his feet by the stars.
Lowell.
Po*lit"i*cal (?), a. 1.
Having, or conforming to, a settled system of
administration. [R.] \'bdA
political government.\'b8
Evelyn.
2. Of or pertaining to public policy, or to
politics; relating to affairs of state or administration; as,
a political writer. \'bdThe
political state of Europe.\'b8
Paley.
3. Of or pertaining to a party, or to parties, in
the state; as, his political relations were with the
Whigs.
4. Politic; wise; also, artful.
[Obs.]
Sterne.
Political economy, that branch of political
science or philosophy which treats of the sources, and methods of
production and preservation, of the material wealth and
prosperity of nations.
Po*lit"i*cal*ism (?), n. Zeal
or party spirit in politics.
Po*lit"i*cal*ly, adv. 1. In a
political manner.
2. Politicly; artfully. [Obs.]
Knolles.
Po*lit"i*cas`ter (?), n. [Cf.
It. politicastro.] A petty politician; a
pretender in politics.
Milton.
Pol`i*ti"cian (?), n. [Cf. F.
politicien.]
1. One versed or experienced in the science of
government; one devoted to politics; a statesman.
While empiric politicians use deceit.
Dryden.
2. One primarily devoted to his own advancement in
public office, or to the success of a political party; -- used in
a depreciatory sense; one addicted or attached to politics as
managed by parties (see Politics, 2); a
schemer; an intriguer; as, a mere
politician.
Like a scurvy politician, seem
To see the things thou dost not.
Shak.
The politician . . . ready to do anything that he
apprehends for his advantage.
South.
Pol`i*ti"cian, a. Cunning; using
artifice; politic; artful. \'bdIll-meaning
politician lords.\'b8
Milton.
Po*lit"i*cist (?), n. A
political writer. [R.]
Pol"i*tic*ly (?), adv. In a
politic manner; sagaciously; shrewdly; artfully.
Pope.
Pol"i*tics (?), n. [Cf. F.
politique, Gr. / (sc./). See
Politic.] 1. The science of
government; that part of ethics which has to do with the
regulation and government of a nation or state, the preservation
of its safety, peace, and prosperity, the defense of its
existence and rights against foreign control or conquest, the
augmentation of its strength and resources, and the protection of
its citizens in their rights, with the preservation and
improvement of their morals.
2. The management of a political party; the conduct
and contests of parties with reference to political measures or
the administration of public affairs; the advancement of
candidates to office; in a bad sense, artful or dishonest
management to secure the success of political candidates or
parties; political trickery.
When we say that two men are talking politics, we
often mean that they are wrangling about some mere party
question.
F. W. Robertson.
Pol"i*tize (?), v. i. To play
the politician; to dispute as politicians do.
[Obs.]
Milton.
Pol"i*ture (?), n. [L.
politura, fr. polire to polish. See
Polish, v.] Polish; gloss.
[Obs.] Donne.
Pol"i*ty (?), n.; pl.
Polities (#). [L.
politia, Gr. /: cf. F. politie. See 1st
Policy, Police.] 1. The
form or constitution of the civil government of a nation or
state; the framework or organization by which the various
departments of government are combined into a systematic
whole.
Blackstone. Hooker.
2. Hence: The form or constitution by which any
institution is organized; the recognized principles which lie at
the foundation of any human institution.
Nor is possible that any form of polity, much less
polity ecclesiastical, should be good, unless God
himself be author of it.
Hooker.
3. Policy; art; management.
[Obs.]
B. Jonson.
Syn. -- Policy. -- Polity,
Policy. These two words were originally the same.
Polity is now confined to the structure of a
government; as, civil or ecclesiastical polity; while
policy is applied to the scheme of management of
public affairs with reference to some aim or result; as, foreign
or domestic policy. Policy has the further
sense of skillful or cunning management.
Po*litz`er*i*za"tion (?), n.
(Med.) The act of inflating the middle ear by
blowing air up the nose during the act of swallowing; -- so
called from Prof. Politzer of Vienna, who first
practiced it.
Pol"ive (?), n. A pulley.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Pol"ka (?), n. [Pol.
Polka a Polish woman: cf. F. & G.
polka.] 1. A dance of Polish
origin, but now common everywhere. It is performed by two persons
in common time.
2. (Mus.) A lively Bohemian or Polish
dance tune in 2-4 measure, with the third quaver accented.
Polka jacket, a kind of knit jacket worn by
women.
Poll (?), n. [From
Polly, The proper name.] A parrot; --
familiarly so called.
Poll, n. [Gr. / the many, the
rabble.] One who does not try for honors, but is
content to take a degree merely; a passman.
[Cambridge Univ., Eng.]
Poll (?), n. [Akin to LG.
polle the head, the crest of a bird, the top of a
tree, OD. pol, polle, Dan. puld
the crown of a hat.] 1. The head; the back
part of the head. \'bdAll flaxen was his
poll.\'b8
Shak.
2. A number or aggregate of heads; a list or
register of heads or individuals.
We are the greater poll, and in true fear
They gave us our demands.
Shak.
The muster file, rotten and sound, upon my life, amounts not
to fifteen thousand poll.
Shak.
3. Specifically, the register of the names of
electors who may vote in an election.
4. The casting or recording of the votes of
registered electors; as, the close of the
poll.
All soldiers quartered in place are to remove . . . and not to
return till one day after the poll is ended.
Blackstone.
5. pl. The place where the votes are
cast or recorded; as, to go to the polls.
6. The broad end of a hammer; the but of an
ax.
7. (Zo\'94l.) The European chub. See
Pollard, 3 (a).
Poll book, a register of persons entitled to
vote at an election. -- Poll evil
(Far.), an inflammatory swelling or abscess on a
horse's head, confined beneath the great ligament of the
neck. -- Poll pick (Mining), a
pole having a heavy spike on the end, forming a kind of
crowbar. -- Poll tax, a tax levied by the
head, or poll; a capitation tax.
Poll, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Polled (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Polling.] 1. To remove the
poll or head of; hence, to remove the top or end of; to clip; to
lop; to shear; as, to poll the head; to
poll a tree.
When he [Absalom] pollled his head.
2 Sam. xiv. 26.
His death did so grieve them that they polled
themselves; they clipped off their horse and mule's hairs.
Sir T. North.
2. To cut off; to remove by clipping, shearing,
etc.; to mow or crop; -- sometimes with off; as,
to poll the hair; to poll wool; to
poll grass.
Who, as he polled off his dart's head, so sure he
had decreed
That all the counsels of their war he would poll off
like it.
Chapman.
3. To extort from; to plunder; to strip.
[Obs.]
Which polls and pills the poor in piteous wise.
Spenser.
4. To impose a tax upon. [Obs.]
5. To pay as one's personal tax.
The man that polled but twelve pence for his
head.
Dryden.
6. To enter, as polls or persons, in a list or
register; to enroll, esp. for purposes of taxation; to enumerate
one by one.
Polling the reformed churches whether they equalize
in number those of his three kingdoms.
Milton.
7. To register or deposit, as a vote; to elicit or
call forth, as votes or voters; as, he polled a
hundred votes more than his opponent.
And poll for points of faith his trusty vote.
Tickell.
8. (Law) To cut or shave smooth or even;
to cut in a straight line without indentation; as, a
polled deed. See Dee/ poll.
Burrill.
<-- 9. to inquire (of a group of persons) to learn their opinion
on some subject. Similar to poll a jury, but often used to
determine the opinions of a group by polling a portion of that
group. Thus, opinion poll. -->
To poll a jury, to call upon each member of
the jury to answer individually as to his concurrence in a
verdict which has been rendered.
Poll, v. i. To vote at an
election.
Beaconsfield.
Pol"lack (?), n. [Cf. G. & D.
pollack, and Gael. pollag a little pool, a
sort of fish.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) A
marine gadoid food fish of Europe (Pollachius virens).
Called also greenfish,
greenling, lait,
leet, lob,
lythe, and whiting
pollack. (b) The American pollock;
the coalfish.
Poll"age (?), n. A head or poll
tax; hence, extortion. [Obs.]
Foxe.
Pol"lan (?), n. [Cf. Gael.
pollag a kind of fish.] (Zo\'94l.)
A lake whitefish (Coregonus pollan), native of
Ireland. In appearance it resembles a herring.
Pol"lard (?), n. [From
Poll the head.] 1. A tree having its
top cut off at some height above the ground, that may throw out
branches.
Pennant.
2. A clipped coin; also, a counterfeit.
[Obs.]
Camden.
3. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A fish, the
chub. (b) A stag that has cast its
antlers. (c) A hornless animal (cow or
sheep).
Pol"lard, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Pollarded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Pollarding.] To lop the tops of, as
trees; to poll; as, to pollard willows.
Evelyn.
Poll"ax` (?), n. A
poleax. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Polled (?), a. Deprived of a
poll, or of something belonging to the poll. Specifically:
(a) Lopped; -- said of trees having their tops cut off.
(b) Cropped; hence, bald; -- said of a person. \'bdThe
polled bachelor.\'b8 Beau. & Fl. (c)
Having cast the antlers; -- said of a stag. (d) Without
horns; as, polled cattle; polled
sheep.
Pol"len (?), n. [L.
pollen fine flour, fine dust; cf. Gr. /]
1. Fine bran or flour. [Obs.]
Bailey.
<-- p. 109 -->
2. (Bot.) The fecundating dustlike cells
of the anthers of flowers. See Flower, and
Illust. of Filament.
Pollen grain (Bot.), a particle or
call of pollen. -- Pollen mass, a pollinium.
Gray. -- Pollen sac, a compartment
of an anther containing pollen, -- usually there are four in each
anther. -- Pollen tube, a slender tube which
issues from the pollen grain on its contact with the stigma,
which it penetrates, thus conveying, it is supposed, the
fecundating matter of the grain to the ovule.
Pol`len*a"ri*ous (?), a.
Consisting of meal or pollen.
Pol"lened (?), a. Covered with
pollen.
Tennyson.
Pol`len*if"er*ous (?), a.
[Pollen + -ferous.]
(Bot.) Producing pollen; polliniferous.
Pol"len*in (?), n. [Cf. F.
poll\'82nine.] (Chem.) A
substance found in the pollen of certain plants.
[R.]
Pol"len*ize (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Pollenized
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pollenizing
(?).] To supply with pollen; to
impregnate with pollen.
Poll"er (?), n. [From
Poll] One who polls; specifically:
(a) One who polls or lops trees. (b) One who
polls or cuts hair; a barber. [R.] (c) One
who extorts or plunders. [Obs.] Bacon.
(d) One who registers voters, or one who enters his name
as a voter.
\'d8Pol"lex (?), n.; pl.
Pollices (#). [L., the
thumb.] (Anat.) The first, or preaxial,
digit of the fore limb, corresponding to the hallux in the hind
limb; the thumb. In birds, the pollex is the joint which bears
the bastard wing.
Pol"li*cate (?), a. [L.
pollex, pollicis, a thumb.]
(Zo\'94l.) Having a curved projection or spine on
the inner side of a leg joint; -- said of insects.
Pol*lic`i*ta"tion (?), n. [L.
pollicitatio, fr. pollicitari to promise,
v. intens. fr. polliceri to promise: cf. F.
pollicitation.] 1. A voluntary
engagement, or a paper containing it; a promise.
Bp. Burnet.
2. (Roman Law) A promise without
mutuality; a promise which has not been accepted by the person to
whom it is made.
Bouvier.
Pol"li*nate (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Pollinose.
Pol"li*nate (?), v. t.
(Bot.) To apply pollen to (a stigma). --
Pol`li*na"tion (#), n.
(Bot.)
\'d8Pol*linc"tor (?), n. [L.,
fr. pollingere.] (Rom. Antiq.)
One who prepared corpses for the funeral.<--
undertaker, funeral director -->
Poll"ing (?), n. [See
Poll the head.] 1. The act of
topping, lopping, or cropping, as trees or hedges.
2. Plunder, or extortion. [Obs.]
E. Hall.
3. The act of voting, or of registering a
vote.
Polling booth, a temporary structure where the
voting at an election is done; a polling place.
Pol`li*nif"er*ous (?), a. [L.
pollen, -inis, pollen + -ferous:
cf. F. pollinif\'8are.] (Bot.)
Producing pollen; polleniferous.
\'d8Pol*lin"i*um (?), n.; pl.
Pollinia (#). [NL. See
Pollen.] (Bot.) A coherent mass of
pollen, as in the milkweed and most orchids.
Pol"li*nose` (?), a. [L.
pollen, -inis, dust.]
(Zo\'94l.) Having the surface covered with a fine
yellow dust, like pollen.
{ Pol"li*wig (?), Pol"li*wog
(?) }, n. [OE.
polwigle. Cf. Poll head, and
Wiggle.] (Zo\'94l.) A tadpole; --
called also purwiggy and
porwigle.
Pol"lock (?), n. [See
Pollack.] (Zo\'94l.) A marine
gadoid fish (Pollachius carbonarius), native both of
the European and American coasts. It is allied to the cod, and
like it is salted and dried. In England it is called
coalfish, lob,
podley, podling,
pollack, etc.
Pol"lu*cite (?), n. [See
Pollux, and 4th Castor.]
(Min.) A colorless transparent mineral,
resembling quartz, occurring with castor or castorite on the
island of Elba. It is a silicate of alumina and c\'91sia. Called
also pollux.
Pol*lute" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Polluted; p.
pr. & vb. n. Polluting.] [L.
pollutus, p. p. of polluere to defile, to
pollute, from a prep. appearing only in comp. + luere
to wash. See Position, Lave.] 1.
To make foul, impure, or unclean; to defile; to taint; to
soil; to desecrate; -- used of physical or moral
defilement.
The land was polluted with blood.
Ps. cvi. 38
Wickedness . . . hath polluted the whole earth.
2 Esd. xv. 6.
2. To violate sexually; to debauch; to
dishonor.
3. (Jewish Law) To render ceremonially
unclean; to disqualify or unfit for sacred use or service, or for
social intercourse.
Neither shall ye pollute the holy things of the
children of Israel, lest ye die.
Num. xviii. 32.
They have polluted themselves with blood.
Lam. iv. 14.
Syn. -- To defile; soil; contaminate; corrupt; taint;
vitiate; debauch; dishonor; ravish.
Pol*lute", a. [L.
pollutus.] Polluted.
[R.]
Milton.
Pol*lut"ed, a. Defiled; made unclean or
impure; debauched. -- Pol*lut"ed*ly,
adv. -- Pol*lut"ed*ness,
n.
Pol*lut"er (?), n. One who
pollutes.
Dryden.
Pol*lut"ing, a. Adapted or tending to
pollute; causing defilement or pollution. --
Pol*lut"ing*ly, adv.
Pol*lu"tion (?), n. [L.
pollutio: cf. F. pollution.]
1. The act of polluting, or the state of being
polluted (in any sense of the verb); defilement; uncleanness;
impurity.
2. (Med.) The emission of semen, or
sperm, at other times than in sexual intercourse.
Dunglison.
\'d8Pol"lux (?), n. [L., the
twin brother of castor; also, the constellation.]
1. (Astron.) A fixed star of the second
magnitude, in the constellation Gemini. Cf. 3d
Castor.
2. (Min.) Same as
Pollucite.
Pol"ly (?), n. A woman's name;
also, a popular name for a parrot.
Pol"ly*wog (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A polliwig.
Po"lo (?), n. [Of Eastern
origin; -- properly, the ball used in the game.]
1. A game of ball of Eastern origin, resembling
hockey, with the players on horseback.
2. A similar game played on the ice, or on a
prepared floor, by players wearing skates.
Po`lo*naise" (?), a. [F.
polonais, polonaise, Polish.] Of
or pertaining to the Poles, or to Poland. [Written
also Polonese.]
Po`lo*naise" (?), n. [Written
also Polonese and Polonoise.]
1. The Polish language.
2. An article of dress for women, consisting of a
body and an outer skirt in one piece.
3. (Mus.) A stately Polish dance tune,
in 3-4 measure, beginning always on the beat with a quaver
followed by a crotchet, and closing on the beat after a strong
accent on the second beat; also, a dance adapted to such music; a
polacca.
Po`lo*nese" (?), a. & n. See
Polonaise.
Po*lo"ny (?), n. [Prob.
corrupt. fr. Bologna.] A kind of sausage
made of meat partly cooked.
Pol"ron (?), n. See
Pauldron.
Polt (?), n. [Cf. E.
pelt, L. pultare to beat, strike.]
A blow or thump. Halliwell. --
a. Distorted.
Pot foot, a distorted foot.
Sir T. Herbert.
{ Polt"-foot` (?), Polt"-foot`ed
(?), } a. Having a distorted foot,
or a clubfoot or clubfeet.
B. Jonson.
Pol*troon" (?), n. [F.
poltron, from It. poltrone an idle fellow,
sluggard, coward, poltro idle, lazy, also, bed, fr.
OHG. polstar, bolstar, cushion, G.
polster, akin to E. bolster. See
Bolster.] An arrant coward; a dastard; a
craven; a mean-spirited wretch.
Shak.
Pol*troon", a. Base; vile; contemptible;
cowardly.
Pol*troon"er*y (?), n. [F.
poltronnerie; cf. It. poltroneria.]
Cowardice; want of spirit; pusillanimity.
Pol*troon"ish, a. Resembling a poltroon;
cowardly.
Pol"ve*rine (?), n. [It.
polverino, fr. polvere /ust, L.
pulvis, -veris. See Powder.]
Glassmaker's ashes; a kind of potash or pearlash, brought
from the Levant and Syria, -- used in the manufacture of fine
glass.
Pol"wig (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A polliwig. Holland.
Pol"y- (?). [See Full,
a.] A combining form or prefix from Gr.
poly`s, many; as, polygon, a
figure of many angles; polyatomic, having many atoms;
polychord, polyconic.
Po"ly (?), n. [L.
polium, the name of a plant, perhaps Teucrium
polium, Gr. /.] (Bot.) A whitish
woolly plant (Teucrium Polium) of the order
Labiat\'91, found throughout the Mediterranean region.
The name, with sundry prefixes, is sometimes given to other
related species of the same genus. [Spelt also
poley.]
Poly mountain. See Poly-mountain, in
Vocabulary.
Pol`y*ac"id (?), a.
[Poly- + acid.]
(Chem.) Capable of neutralizing, or of combining
with, several molecules of a monobasic acid; having more than one
hydrogen atom capable of being replaced by acid radicals; -- said
of certain bases; as, calcium hydrate and glycerin are
polyacid bases.
Pol`y*a*cous"tic (?), a.
[Poly- + acoustic: cf. F.
polyacoustique.] Multiplying or magnifying
sound. -- n. A polyacoustic
instrument.
Pol`y*a*cous"tics (?), n. The
art of multiplying or magnifying sounds.
\'d8Pol`y*a"cron (?), n.; pl.
Polyacra (#), E. Polyacrons
(#). [NL., fr. Gr. poly`s many +
'a`kron summit.] (Geom.) A solid
having many summits or angular points; a polyhedron.
\'d8Pol`y*ac*tin"/*a (?), n. pl.
[NL. See Poly-, and Actinia.]
(Zo\'94l.) An old name for those Anthozoa which,
like the actinias, have numerous simple tentacles.
\'d8Pol`y*a*del"phi*a (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / many + / brother.]
(Bot.) A Linn\'91an class of plants having
stamens united in three or more bodies or bundles by the
filaments.
{ Pol`y*a*del"phi*an (?),
Pol`y*a*del"phous (?), } a.
(Bot.) Belonging to the class Polyadelphia;
having stamens united in three or more bundles.
\'d8Pol`y*an"dri*a (?), n. pl.
[NL. See Polyandry.] (Bot.) A
Linn\'91an class of monoclinous or hermaphrodite plants, having
many stamens, or any number above twenty, inserted in the
receptacle.
Pol`y*an"dri*an (?), a.
(Bot.) Polyandrous.
Pol`y*an"dric (?), a. [Cf.
polyandrique.] Pertaining to, or
characterized by, polyandry; mating with several males.
\'bdPolyandric societies.\'b8
H. Spencer.
Pol`y*an"drous (?), a.
(Bot.) Belonging to the class Polyandria; having
many stamens, or any number above twenty, inserted in the
receptacle.
Pol`y*an"dry (?), n.
[Poly- + Gr. /, /, man, male: cf. F.
polyandrie.] The possession by a woman of
more than one husband at the same time; -- contrasted with
monandry.
Pol`y*an"thus (?), n.; pl.
Polyanthuses (#). [NL., fr. Gr.
/ rich in flowers; / many + / flower.]
[Written also polyanthos.]
(Bot.) (a) The oxlip. So called because
the peduncle bears a many-flowered umbel. See Oxlip.
(b) A bulbous flowering plant of the genus
Narcissus (N. Tazetta, or N.
polyanthus of some authors). See Illust. of
Narcissus.
Pol"y*ar`chist (?), n. One who
advocates polyarchy; -- opposed to monarchist.
Cudworth.
Pol"y*ar`chy (?), n.
[Poly- + -archy: cf. F.
polyarchie. Cf. Polarchy.] A
government by many persons, of whatever order or class.
Cudworth.
Pol`y*a*tom"ic (?), a.
[Poly- + atomic.]
(Chem.) (a) Having more than one atom in
the molecule; consisting of several atoms. (b)
Having a valence greater than one. [Obs.]
Pol`y*au*tog"ra*phy (?), n.
[Poly- + autography.] The
act or practice of multiplying copies of one's own handwriting,
or of manuscripts, by printing from stone, -- a species of
lithography.
Pol`y*ba"sic (?), a.
[Poly- + basic.]
(Chem.) Capable of neutralizing, or of combining
with, several molecules of a monacid base; having several
hydrogen atoms capable of being replaced by basic radicals; --
said of certain acids; as, sulphuric acid is
polybasic.
Pol`y*ba"site (?), n. [See
Polybasic.] (Min.) An iron-black
ore of silver, consisting of silver, sulphur, and antimony, with
some copper and arsenic.
\'d8Pol`y*bran"chi*a (?), n. pl.
[NL. See Poly-, and Branchia.]
(Zo\'94l.) A division of Nudibranchiata including
those which have numerous branchi\'91 on the back.
Pol`y*bro"mide (?), n.
[Poly- + bromide.]
(Chem.) A bromide containing more than one atom
of bromine in the molecule.
Pol`y*car"pel*la*ry (?), a.
(Bot.) Composed of several or numerous carpels;
-- said of such fruits as the orange.
{ Pol`y*car"pic (?),
Pol`y*car"pous (?), } a.
[Poly- + Gr. / fruit.] (Bot.)
(a) Bearing fruit repeatedly, or year after
year. (b) Having several pistils in one
flower.
\'d8Pol`y*ch\'91"ta (?), n. pl.
[NL., from Gr. / many + / hair.]
(Zo\'94l.) One of the two principal groups of
Ch\'91topoda. It includes those that have prominent parapodia and
fascicles of set\'91. See Illust. under
Parapodia.
Pol`y*chlo"ride (?), n.
[Poly- + chloride.]
(Chem.) A chloride containing more than one atom
of chlorine in the molecule.
Pol`y*ch\'d2r"a*ny (?), n. [Gr.
/, fr. / wide-ruling.] A government by many
chiefs, princes, or rules. [Obs.]
Cudworth.
Pol"y*chord (?), a. [Gr. /;
/ many + / string, cord.] Having many
strings.
Pol"y*chord, n. (Mus.)
(a) A musical instrument of ten strings.
(b) An apparatus for coupling two octave notes,
capable of being attached to a keyed instrument.
Pol"y*chrest (?), n. [Gr. /
useful for many purposes; / many + / useful, fr. / to use:
cf. F. polychreste.] (Med.) A
medicine that serves for many uses, or that cures many
diseases. [Obs.]
Polychrest salt (Old Med. Chem.),
potassium sulphate, specifically obtained by fusing niter
with sulphur.
Pol"y*chro*ism (?), n.
[Poly- + Gr. / color.] Same as
Pleochroism.
Pol"y*chro*ite (?), n.
[Poly- + Gr. / color: cf. F.
polychro\'8bte.] (Chem.) The
coloring matter of saffron; -- formerly so called because of the
change of color on treatment with certain acids; -- called also
crocin, and safranin.
Pol`y*chro"mate (?), n. [See
Polychromic.] (Chem.) A salt of a
polychromic acid.
Pol`y*chro"mate, n. [See
Polychromatic.] (Chem.) A compound
which exhibits, or from which may be prepared, a variety of
colors, as certain solutions derived from vegetables, which
display colors by fluorescence.
Pol`y*chro*mat"ic (?), a.
[Poly- + chromatic.]
Showing a variety, or a change, of colors.
Polychromatic acid (Old Chem.), a
substance obtained by the action of nitric acid on
aloes.
Pol"y*chrome (?), n.
[Poly- + Gr. / color.] (Chem.)
Esculin; -- so called in allusion to its fluorescent
solutions. [R.]
Pol"y*chrome, a. [Cf. F.
polychrome.] Executed in the manner of
polychromy; as, polychrome printing.
Pol`y*chro"mic (?), a.
[Poly- + (sense 1) Gr. /, or (sense 2)
chromic.] 1. Polychromatic.
2. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or
designating, any one of several acids (known only in their salts)
which contain more than one atom of chromium.
Pol`y*chro"mous (?), a. Of or
pertaining to polychromy; many-colored; polychromatic.
Pol"y*chro`my (?), n.
[Poly- + Gr. / color.] (Anc.
Art) The art or practice of combining different
colors, especially brilliant ones, in an artistic way.
Pol`y*chro"ni*ous (?), a.
[Poly- + Gr. / for a long time, /
time.] Enduring through a long time; chronic.
Pol`y*clin"ic (?), n.
[Poly- + clinic.]
(Med.) A clinic in which diseases of many sorts
are treated; especially, an institution in which clinical
instruction is given in all kinds of disease.
Pol`y*con"ic (?), a.
[Poly- + conic.] Pertaining
to, or based upon, many cones.
Polyconic projection (Map Making),
a projection of the earth's surface, or any portion thereof,
by which each narrow zone is projected upon a conical surface
that touches the sphere along this zone, the conical surface
being then unrolled. This projection differs from conic
projection in that latter assumes but one cone for the whole
map. Polyconic projection is that in use in the United States
coast and geodetic survey.
Pol`y*cot`y*le"don (?), n.
[Poly- + cotyledon: cf. F.
polycotyl\'82done.] (Bot.) A
plant that has many, or more than two, cotyledons in the
seed. -- Pol`y*cot`y*led"on*ous
(#), a.
Pol`y*cot`y*led"on*a*ry (?), a.
[Poly- + cotyledonary.]
(Anat.) Having the villi of the placenta
collected into definite patches, or cotyledons.
Po*lyc"ra*cy (?), n.
[Poly- + -cracy, as in
democracy.] Government by many rulers;
polyarchy.
<-- p. 10 -->
Pol`y*crot"ic (?), a.
[Poly- + Gr. / to beat.]
(Physiol.) Of or pertaining to polycrotism;
manifesting polycrotism; as, a polycrotic pulse; a
polycrotic pulse curve.
Po*lyc"ro*tism (?), n.
(Physiol.) That state or condition of the pulse
in which the pulse curve, or sphygmogram, shows several secondary
crests or elevations; -- contrasted with monocrotism
and dicrotism.
Pol`y*cys"tid (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) One of the
Polycystidea. (b) One of the
Polycystina. -- a. Pertaining to the
Polycystidea, or the Polycystina.
\'d8Pol`y*cys*tid"e*a (?), n. pl.
[NL. See Poly-, and Cystidea.]
(Zo\'94l.) A division of Gregarin\'91 including
those that have two or more internal divisions of the body.
\'d8Pol`y*cys*ti"na (?), n. pl.
[NL. See Poly-, and Cyst.]
(Zo\'94l.) A division of Radiolaria including
numerous minute marine species. The skeleton is composed of
silica, and is often very elegant in form and sculpture. Many
have been found in the fossil state.
Pol`y*cys"tine (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to the Polycystina.
-- n. One of the Polycystina.
<-- 2. a homopolymer of the amino acid cystine. -->
\'d8Pol`y*cyt*ta"ri*a (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / many + /, dim. fr. / a hollow
vessel.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of
Radiolaria. It includes those having one more central
capsules.
<-- polydactyl. = polydactylous. having more that the normal
number of digits; e.g. a polydactylous cat may have six or more
toes on its paw. -->
Pol`y*dac"tyl*ism (?), n.
[Poly- + Gr. / finger: cf. F.
polydactylisme.] (Anat.) The
possession of more that the normal number of digits.
<-- also polydactyly. -->
\'d8Pol`y*dip"si*a (?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. / much + / thirst.]
(Med.) Excessive and constant thirst occasioned
by disease.
Pol`y*e"dron (?), n. See
Polyhedron.
Pol`y*e"drous (?), a. See
Polyhedral.
Pol`y*ei"dic (?), a.
[Poly- + Gr. / form.]
(Zo\'94l.) Passing through several distinct
larval forms; -- having several distinct kinds of young.
Pol`y*ei"dism (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The quality or state of being
polyeidic.
Pol`y*em"bry*o*nate (?), a.
[Poly- + embryonate.]
(Bot.) Consisting of, or having, several embryos;
polyembryonic.
Pol`y*em`bry*on"ic (?), a.
[Poly- + embryonic.]
(Bot.) Polyembryonate.
Pol`y*em"bry*o*ny (?), n. [See
Poly-, and Embryo.] (Bot.)
The production of two or more embryos in one seed, due
either to the existence and fertilization of more than one
embryonic sac or to the origination of embryos outside of the
embryonic sac.
Pol"y*foil (?), n.
[Poly- + foil, n.]
(Arch.) Same as Multifoil.
\'d8Po*lyg"a*la (?), n. [L.,
milkwort, fr. Gr. /; / much + / milk.] A genus
of bitter herbs or shrubs having eight stamens and a two-celled
ovary (as the Seneca snakeroot, the flowering wintergreen, etc.);
milkwort.
Pol`y*ga*la"ceous (?), a. Of or
pertaining to a natural order of plants
(Polygalace\'91) of which Polygala is the type.
Po*lyg"a*lic (?), a.
(Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or obtained from,
Polygala; specifically, designating an acrid glucoside (called
polygalic acid, senegin, etc.), resembling,
or possibly identical with, saponin.
\'d8Pol`y*ga"mi*a (?), n. pl.
[NL. See Polygamous.] (Bot.)
(a) A Linn\'91an class of plants, characterized by
having both hermaphrodite and unisexual flowers on the same
plant. (b) A name given by Linn\'91us to file
orders of plants having syngenesious flowers.
Pol`y*ga"mi*an (?), a.
(Bot.) Polygamous.
Po*lyg"a*mist (?), n. [Cf. F.
polygamiste, polygame, Gr. /,
a.] One who practices polygamy, or maintains
its lawfulness.
Po*lyg"a*mize (?), v. i. To
practice polygamy; to marry several wives.
Sylvester. Coleridge.
Po*lyg"a*mous (?), a. [Gr. /
living / polygamy; / many + / marriage. Cf.
Bigamy.]
1. Of or pertaining to polygamy; characterized by,
or involving, polygamy; having a plurality of wives; as,
polygamous marriages; -- opposed to
monogamous.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Pairing with more than one
female.
Most deer, cattle, and sheep are polygamous.
Darwin.
3. (Bot.) Belonging to the Polygamia;
bearing both hermaphrodite and unisexual flowers on the same
plant.
Po*lyg"a*my (?), n. [Gr. /;
cf. F. polygamie.] 1. The having
of a plurality of wives or husbands at the same time; usually,
the marriage of a man to more than one woman, or the practice of
having several wives, at the same time; -- opposed to
monogamy; as, the nations of the East practiced
polygamy. See the Note under Bigamy, and
cf. Polyandry.
2. (Zo\'94l.) The state or habit of
having more than one mate.
3. (Bot.) The condition or state of a
plant which bears both perfect and unisexual flowers.
Pol`y*gas"tri*an (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) One of the Polygastrica.
[Obs.]
Pol`y*gas"tric (?), a.
[Poly- + gastric: cf. F.
polygastrique.] 1. (Anat.)
Having several bellies; -- applied to muscles which are made
up of several bellies separated by short tendons.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to the
Polygastrica. [Obs.]
Pol`y*gas"tric (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) One of the Polygastrica.
\'d8Pol`y*gas"tri*ca (?), n. pl.
[NL. So called because they were supposed to have several
stomachs, or digestive cavities.] (Zo\'94l.)
The Infusoria. [Obs.]
{ Pol`y*gen"e*sis (?),
Po*lyg"e*ny (?), } n.
[Poly- + genesis, or root of Gr. /
to be born.] (Biol.) The theory that living
organisms originate in cells or embryos of different kinds,
instead of coming from a single cell; -- opposed to
monogenesis.
Pol`y*ge*net"tic (?), a. 1.
Having many distinct sources; originating at various places
or times.
2. (Biol.) Of or pertaining to
polygenesis; polyphyletic.
Polygenetic mountain range (Geol.),
one which is composite, or consists of two or more
monogenetic ranges, each having had its own history of
development.
Dana.
Pol`y*gen"ic (?), a.
(Biol.) Of or relating to polygeny;
polygenetic.
Po*lyg"e*nism (?), n. [Cf. F.
polyg\'82nisme.] (Biol.) The
doctrine that animals of the same species have sprung from more
than one original pair.
Po*lyg"e*nist (?), n.
(Biol.) One who maintains that animals of the
same species have sprung from more than one original pair; --
opposed to monogenist.
Po*lyg"e*nous (?), a.
[Poly- + -genous: cf. Gr. / of many
families.] Consisting of, or containing, many kinds;
as, a polygenous mountain.
Kirwan.
Pol"y*glot (?), a. [Gr. /
manytongued; / many + /, /, tongue, language: cf. F.
polyglotte.] 1. Containing, or
made up, of, several languages; as, a polyglot
lexicon, Bible.
2. Versed in, or speaking, many languages.
Pol"y*glot, n. 1. One who
speaks several languages. [R.] \'bdA
polyglot, or good linguist.\'b8
Howell.
2. A book containing several versions of the same
text, or containing the same subject matter in several languages;
esp., the Scriptures in several languages.
Enriched by the publication of polyglots.
Abp. Newcome.
Pol`y*glot"tous (?), a. [See
Polyglot.] Speaking many languages;
polyglot. [R.] \'bdThe polyglottous
tribes of America.\'b8
Max M\'81ller.
Pol"y*gon (?), n. [Gr. /
polygonal; / many + / angle: cf. F.
polygone.] (Geom.) A plane
figure having many angles, and consequently many sides; esp., one
whose perimeter consists of more than four sides; any figure
having many angles.
Polygon of forces (Mech.), a
polygonal figure, the sides of which, taken successively,
represent, in length and direction, several forces acting
simultaneously upon one point, so that the side necessary to
complete the figure represents the resultant of those forces. Cf.
Parallelogram of forces, under
Parallelogram.
Pol`y*go*na"ceous (?), a. [See
Polygonum.] (Bot.) Of or
pertaining to a natural order of apetalous plants
(Polygonace\'91), of which the knotweeds (species of
Polygonum) are the type, and which includes also the
docks (Rumex), the buckwheat, rhubarb, sea grape
(Coccoloba), and several other genera.
Po*lyg"o*nal (?), a. Having
many angles.
Polygonal numbers, certain figurate numbers.
See under Figurate.
Pol`y*go*neu"tic (?), a.
[Poly- + Gr. / offspring.]
(Zo\'94l.) Having two or more broods in a
season.
Pol`y*go*nom"e*try (?), n.
[Polygon + -metry.] The
doctrine of polygons; an extension of some of the principles of
trigonometry to the case of polygons.
Po*lyg"o*nous (?), a.
Polygonal.
\'d8Po*lyg"o*num (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. / a kind of plant; / many + / the knee, a joint of
a plant. So called in allusion to the numerous joints.]
(Bot.) A genus of plants embracing a large number
of species, including bistort, knotweed, smartweed, etc.
Po*lyg"o*ny (?), n.
(Bot.) Any plant of the genus Polygonum.
\'d8Pol`y*gor"di*us (?), n.
[NL. See Poly-, and Gordius.]
(Zo\'94l.) A genus of marine annelids, believed
to be an ancient or ancestral type. It is remarkable for its
simplicity of structure and want of parapodia. It is the type of
the order Archiannelida, or Gymnotoma. See Loeven's
larva.
Pol"y*gram (?), n. [Gr. /
marked with many stripes; / many + / a line.] A
figure consisting of many lines. [R.]
Barlow.
Pol"y*graph (?), n. [Gr. /
writing much; / much, many + / to write: cf. F.
polygraphe.] 1. An instrument for
multiplying copies of a writing; a manifold writer; a copying
machine.
2. In bibliography, a collection of different
works, either by one or several authors.
Brande & C.
{ Pol`y*graph"ic (?),
Pol`y*graph"ic*al (?), } a.
[Cf. F. polygraphique.] Pertaining to,
or employed in, polygraphy; as, a polygraphic
instrument.
2. Done with a polygraph; as, a
polygraphic copy.
Po*lyg"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. /;
/ much + / to write: cf. F. polygraphie.]
1. Much writing; writing of many books.
[Obs.]
Fuller.
2. The art of writing in various ciphers, and of
deciphering the same. [R.]
3. The art or practice of using a polygraph.
Pol"y*grooved` (?), a.
[Poly- + groove.] Having
many grooves; as, a polygrooved rifle or gun
(referring to the rifling).
Pol"y*gyn (?), n. [Cf. F.
polygyne. See Polygyny.]
(Bot.) A plant of the order Polygynia.
\'d8Pol`y*gyn"i*a (?), n. pl.
[NL. See Polygyny.] (Bot.) A
Linn\'91an order of plants having many styles.
{ Pol`y*gyn"i*an (?),
Po*lyg"y*nous (?), } a.
(Bot.) Having many styles; belonging to the order
Polygynia.
Po*lyg"y*nist (?), n. One who
practices or advocates polygyny.
H. Spenser.
Po*lyg"y*ny (?), n.
[Poly- + Gr. / woman, wife.] The
state or practice of having several wives at the same time;
marriage to several wives.
H. Spenser.
Pol`y*ha"lite (?), n.
[Poly- + Gr. / salt.] (Min.)
A mineral usually occurring in fibrous masses, of a
brick-red color, being tinged with iron, and consisting chiefly
of the sulphates of lime, magnesia, and soda.
{ Pol`y*he"dral (?),
Pol`y*hed"ric*al (?), } a.
[See Polyhedron.] (Geom.)
Having many sides, as a solid body.
Polyhedral angle, an angle bounded by three or
more plane angles having a common vertex.
Pol`y*he"dron (?), n.; pl. E.
Polyhedrons. (#), L. Polyhedra
(#). [NL., fr. Gr. / with many seats or
sides; / many + / a seat or side: cf. F.
poly\'8adre.] 1. (Geom.)
A body or solid contained by many sides or planes.
2. (Opt.) A polyscope, or multiplying
glass.
Pol`y*he"drous (?), a.
Polyhedral.
Pol`y*his"tor (?), n. [Gr. /
very learned.] One versed in various learning.
[R.]
Pol`y*hym"ni*a (?), n. [L.,
from Gr. /; / many + / hymn.] (Anc. Myth.)
The Muse of lyric poetry.
Pol`y*i"o*dide (?), n.
(Chem.) A iodide having more than one atom of
iodine in the molecule.
Po*lyl"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. /;
/ much + / discourse.] Talkativeness.
[R.]
Po*lyl"o*quent (?), a.
[Poly- + L. loquens, p. pr. of
logui to speak.] Garrulous;
loquacious. [R.]
Pol`y*mas"tism (?), n.
[Poly- + Gr. / a breast.]
(Anat.) The condition of having more than two
mamm\'91, or breasts.
<-- polymath = polymathist -->
Pol`y*math"ic (?), a. [Cf. F.
polymathique. See Polymathy.]
Pertaining to polymathy; acquainted with many branches of
learning.
Po*lym"a*thist (?), n. One
versed in many sciences; a person of various learning.
Po*lym"a*thy (?), n. [Gr. /;
/ much + /, /, to learn.] The knowledge of many
arts and sciences; variety of learning.
Johnson.
Pol`y*me*nis"cous (?), a. [See
Poly-, and Meniscus.]
(Zo\'94l.) Having numerous facets; -- said of the
compound eyes of insects and crustaceans.
Pol"y*mer (?), n. [See
Polymeric.] (Chem.) Any one of two
or more substances related to each other by polymerism;
specifically, a substance produced from another substance by
chemical polymerization. [Formerly also written
polymere.]
Pol`y*mer"ic (?), a.
[Poly- + Gr. / part.] (Chem.)
Having the same percentage composition (that is, having the
same elements united in the same proportion by weight), but
different molecular weights; -- often used with with;
thus, cyanic acid (CNOH), fulminic acid
(C2N2O2H2), and cyanuric acid
(C3N3O3H3), are polymeric with each
other.
<-- 2. consisting of multiple units linked together by covalent
bonds to form a larger molecule -->
Po*lym"er*ism (?), n.
(Chem.) (a) The state, quality, or
relation of two or more polymeric substances. (b)
The act or process of forming polymers.
Pol`y*mer`i*za"tion (?), n.
(Chem.) The act or process of changing to a
polymeric form; the condition resulting from such change.
Pol"y*mer*ize (?), v. t.
(Chem.) To cause polymerization of; to produce
polymers from; to increase the molecular weight of, without
changing the atomic proportions; thus, certain acids
polymerize aldehyde.
Pol"y*mer*ize, v. i. (Chem.)
To change into another substance having the same atomic
proportions, but a higher molecular weight; to undergo
polymerization; thus, aldehyde polymerizes in forming
paraldehyde.
Po*lym"er*ous (?), a. 1.
(Bot.) Having many parts or members in each
set.
Gray.
2. (Chem.) Polymeric.
[Obs.]
Po*lym"ni*a (?), n. See
Polyhymnia.
Pol"ym*nite (?), n. [Gr. /
full of moss; / much + / moss.] (Min.)
A stone marked with dendrites and black lines, and so
disposed as to represent rivers, marshes, etc.
Pol"y*morph (?), n. [Gr. /
multiform; / many + / form: cf. F.
polymorphe.] (Crystallog.) A
substance capable of crystallizing in several distinct forms;
also, any one of these forms. Cf. Allomorph.
Pol`y*mor"phic (?), a.
Polymorphous.
Pol`y*mor"phism (?), n. 1.
(Crystallog.) Same as
Pleomorphism.
2. (Biol.) (a) The capability
of assuming different forms; the capability of widely varying in
form. (b) Existence in many forms; the
coexistence, in the same locality, of two or more distinct forms
independent of sex, not connected by intermediate gradations, but
produced from common parents.
\'d8Pol`y*mor*pho"sis (?), n.
[NL. See Poly-, and Morphosis.]
(Zo\'94l.) The assumption of several structural
forms without a corresponding difference in function; -- said of
sponges, etc.
Pol`y*mor"phous (?), a. 1.
Having, or assuming, a variety of forms, characters, or
styles; as, a polymorphous author.
De Quincey.
2. (Biol.) Having, or occurring in,
several distinct forms; -- opposed to
monomorphic.
<-- p. 1111 -->
Pol"y*mor`phy (?), n. Existence
in many forms; polymorphism.
Po`ly-moun"tain (?), n.
(Bot.) (a) Same as Poly,
n. (b) The closely related
Teucrium montanum, formerly called Polium
montanum, a plant of Southern Europe. (c)
The Bartsia alpina, a low purple-flowered herb of
Europe.
\'d8Pol`y*my"o*d\'91 (?), n. pl.
[NL. See Polymyoid.] (Zo\'94l.)
Same as Oscines.
Pol`y*my"o*dous (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Polymyoid.
Po*lym"y*oid (?), a.
[Poly- + Gr. /, /, muscle +
-oid.] (Zo\'94l.) Having
numerous vocal muscles; of or pertaining to the
Polymyod\'91.
Pol"y*neme (?), n.
[Poly- + Gr. / thread.]
(Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of
tropical food fishes of the family Polynemid\'91. They
have several slender filaments, often very long, below the
pectoral fin. Some of them yield isinglass of good quality.
Called also threadfish.
Pol`y*ne"moid (?), a.
[Polyneme + -oid.]
(Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the polynemes, or
the family Polynemid\'91.
Pol`y*ne"sian (?), a. Of or
pertaining to Polynesia (the islands of the eastern and central
Pacific), or to the Polynesians.
Pol`y*ne"sians (?), n. pl.;
sing. Polynesian.
(Ethnol.) The race of men native in
Polynesia.
Po*lyn"i*a (?), n. [Russ.
poluineia a warm place in water, i. e., a place which
does not freeze.] The open sea supposed to surround
the north pole.
Kane.
Pol`y*no"mi*al (?), n.
[Poly- + -nomial, as in
monomial, binomial: cf. F.
polyn\'93me.] (Alg.) An
expression composed of two or more terms, connected by the signs
plus or minus; as, a2 - 2ab
+ b2.
Pol`y*no"mi*al, a. 1.
Containing many names or terms; multinominal; as, the
polynomial theorem.
2. Consisting of two or more words; having names
consisting of two or more words; as, a polynomial
name; polynomial nomenclature.
Pol`y*nu"cle*ar (?), a.
[Poly- + nuclear.]
(Biol.) Containing many nuclei.
Pol`y*nu*cle"o*lar (?), a.
[Poly- + nucleolar.]
(Biol.) Having more than one nucleolus.
Pol`y*om"ma*tous (?), a.
[Poly- + Gr. /, /, the eye.]
Having many eyes.
Pol`y*on"o*mous (?), a.
[Poly- + Gr. /, /, name: cf. Gr. /.]
Having many names or titles; polyonymous.
Sir W. Jones.
Pol`y*on"o*my (?), n. [Cf. Gr.
/ a multitude of names.] The use of a variety of
names for the same object.
G. S. Faber.
Pol"y*o*nym (?), n. 1.
An object which has a variety of names.
2. A polynomial name or term.
Pol`y*on"y*mous, a. Polyonomous.
{ Pol`y*op"tron (?),
Pol`y*op"trum (?), } n.
[NL., from Gr. / many + / seen.] (Opt.)
A glass through which objects appear multiplied, but
diminished in size. [R.]
Pol`y*o*ra"ma (?), n.
[Poly- + Gr. / a sight, view.] A
view of many objects; also, a sort of panorama with dissolving
views.
Pol"yp (?), n. [L.
polypus, Gr. /, /, literally, many-footed; /
many + /, /, foot: cf. F. polype. See
Poly- and Foot, and cf. Polypode,
Polypody, Poulp.] (Zo\'94l.)
(a) One of the feeding or nutritive zooids of a
hydroid or coral. (b) One of the
Anthozoa. (c) pl. Same as
Anthozoa. See Anthozoa, Madreporaria,
Hydroid. [Written also
polype.]
Fresh-water polyp, the hydra. --
Polyp stem (Zo\'94l.), that portion of
the stem of a siphonophore which bears the polypites, or feeding
zooids.
Po*lyp"a*rous (?), a.
[Poly- + L. parere to produce.]
Producing or bearing a great number; bringing forth
many.
Pol"y*pa*ry (?), n.; pl.
Polyparies (#). [See
Polyp.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as
Polypidom.
Pol"ype (?), n. [F.]
(Zo\'94l.) See Polyp.
Pol`y*pe"an (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to a polyp, or
polyps.
Pol`y*pe*ryth"rin (?), n.
[Polyp + Gr. / red.] (Physiol.
Chem.) A coloring matter found in many simple Anthozoa
and some hydroids.
Pol`y*pet"al*ous (?), a.
[Poly- + petal.]
(Bot.) Consisting of, or having, several or many
separate petals; as, a polypetalous corolla, flower,
or plant.
Martyn.
Po*lyph"a*gous (?), a. [L.
polyphagus, Gr. /; / much, many + / to eat: cf.
F. polyphage.] Eating, or subsisting on,
many kinds of food; as, polyphagous
animals.
Po*lyph""a*gy (?), n. The
practice or faculty of subsisting on many kinds of food.
Pol`y*phar"ma*cy (?), n.
[Poly- + Gr. / the using of medicine, fr. /
medicine: cf. F. polypharmacie.]
(Med.) (a) The act or practice of
prescribing too many medicines. (b) A
prescription made up of many medicines or ingredients.
Dunglison.
Pol`y*phe"mus (?), n. [L.
Polyphemus the one-eyed Cyclops who was blinded by
Ulysses.] (Zo\'94l.) A very large American
moth (Telea polyphemus) belonging to the Silkworm
family (Bombycid\'91). Its larva, which is very large,
bright green, with silvery tubercles, and with oblique white
stripes on the sides, feeds on the oak, chestnut, willow, cherry,
apple, and other trees. It produces a large amount of strong
silk. Called also American silkworm.
Pol"y*phone (?), n. A character
or vocal sign representing more than one sound, as
read, which is pronounced r\'c7d or
r\'cbd.
Pol`y*phon"ic (?), a. [Gr. /;
/ many + / sound: cf. F. polyphone.]
1. Having a multiplicity of sounds.
2. Characterized by polyphony; as, Assyrian
polyphonic characters.
3. (Mus.) Consisting of several tone
series, or melodic parts, progressing simultaneously according to
the laws of counterpoint; contrapuntal; as, a
polyphonic composition; -- opposed to
homophonic, or monodic.
Po*lyph"o*nism (?), n.
Polyphony.
Po*lyph"o*nist (?), n. 1.
A proficient in the art of multiplying sounds; a
ventriloquist.
2. (Mus.) A master of polyphony; a
contrapuntist.
Po*lyph"o*nous (?), a. Same as
Polyphonic.
Po*lyph"o*ny (?), n. [Gr.
/.] 1. Multiplicity of sounds, as in the
reverberations of an echo.
2. Plurality of sounds and articulations expressed
by the same vocal sign.
3. (Mus.) Composition in mutually
related, equally important parts which share the melody among
them; contrapuntal composition; -- opposed to
homophony, in which the melody is given to one part
only, the others filling out the harmony. See
Counterpoint.
Pol"y*phore (?), n.
[Poly- + Gr. / to bear.]
(Bot.) A receptacle which bears many
ovaries.
Pol`y*phy*let"ic (?), a.
[Poly- + Gr. / clan.] (Biol.)
Pertaining to, or characterized by, descent from more than
one root form, or from many different root forms; polygenetic; --
opposed to monophyletic.
Po*lyph"yl*lous (?), a. [Gr.
/; / many + / leaf.] (Bot.)
Many-leaved; as, a polyphyllous calyx or
perianth.
\'d8Pol"y*pi (?), n. pl.
[NL.] (Zo\'94l.) The Anthozoa.
Pol"y*pide (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) One of the ordinary zooids of the
Bryozoa. [Spellt also polypid.]
Po*lyp"i*dom (?), n.
[Polypus + L. domus house.]
(Zo\'94l.) A coral, or corallum; also, one of the
coral-like structure made by bryozoans and hydroids.
\'d8Po`ly`pier" (?), n.
[F.] A polypidom.
\'d8Pol`y*pif"e*ra (?), n. pl.
[NL.] (Zo\'94l.) The Anthozoa.
Pol*y*pif"er*ous (?), a.
[Polypus + -ferous.]
(Zo\'94l.) Bearing polyps, or polypites.
Pol`y*pip"a*rous (?), a.
[Polypus + L. parere to
produce.] (Zo\'94l.) Producing
polyps.
Pol"y*pite (?), n. 1.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) One of the feeding
zooids, or polyps, of a coral, hydroid, or siphonophore; a
hydranth. See Illust. of Campanularian.
(b) Sometimes, the manubrium of a hydroid
medusa.
2. (Paleon.) A fossil coral.
\'d8Pol`y*pla*coph"o*ra (?), n. pl.
[NL. See Poly-, and Placophora.]
(Zo\'94l.) See Placophora.
Pol`y*plas"tic (?), a.
[Poly- + -plastic.]
(Biol.) Assuming, or having the power of
assuming, many forms; as, a polyplastic element
which does not preserve its original shape.
Pol`y*pode (?), n. [Cf. F.
polypode. See Polypody.]
(Bot.) A plant of the genus
Polypodium; polypody. [Written also
polypod.]
Pol"y*pode, n. [Gr. /, /, the wood
louse, milleped: cf. F. polypode. See
Polyp.] (Zo\'94l.) An animal
having many feet; a myriapod.
Pol"y*po`di*um (?), n. [L., fr.
Gr. /, dim. of /. See Polyp, and cf. 2d
Polypode.] (Bot.) A genus of
plants of the order Filices or ferns. The
fructifications are in uncovered roundish points, called
sori, scattered over the inferior surface of the frond
or leaf. There are numerous species.
Pol"y*po`dy (?), n.
(Bot.) Any plant of the genus
Polypodium.
Pol"y*poid (?), a.
[Polyp + -oid.] 1.
(Zo\'94l.) Like a polyp; having the nature of a
polyp, but lacking the tentacles or other parts.
2. (Med.) Resembling a polypus in
appearance; having a character like that of a polypus.
\'d8Pol`y*po*me*du"s\'91 (?), n. pl.
[NL. See Polyp, and Medusa.]
(Zo\'94l.) Same as Hydrozoa.
Po*lyp"o*rous (?; 277), a.
[Poly- + porous.] Having
many pores.
Wright.
\'d8Po*lyp"o*rus (?), n.; pl.
Polypori (#). [NL., fr. Gr. /
many + / a pore.] (Bot.) A genus of fungi
having the under surface full of minute pores; also, any fungus
of this genus.
Polyporus fomentarius was formerly dried
and cut in slices for tinder, called amadou. P.
betulinus is common in America, and forms very large thick
white semicircular excrescences on birch trees. Several species
of Polyporous are considered edible.
Pol"y*pous (?), a. [Cf. F.
polypeux. See Polyp.] Of the
nature of a polypus; having many feet or roots, like the polypus;
affected with polypus.
{ Pol`y*prag*mat"ic (?),
Pol`y*prag*mat"ic*al (?), } a.
[Poly- + pragmatic,
-ical.] Overbusy; officious.
[R.]
Heywood.
Pol`y*prag"ma*ty (?), n.
[Poly- + Gr. / business.] The state
of being overbusy. [R.]
\'d8Pol`y*pro`to*don"ta (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / many + / first + /, /, tooth.]
(Zo\'94l.) A division of marsupials in which
there are more fore incisor teeth in each jaw.
\'d8Po*lyp`te*roi"de*i (?), n. pl.
[NL. See Polypterus, and -oid.]
(Zo\'94l.) A suborder of existing ganoid fishes
having numerous fins along the back. The bichir, or Polypterus,
is the type. See Illust. under
Crossopterygian.
Po*lyp`te*rus (?), n. [NL., fr.
Gr. / many + / feather, wing.] (Zo\'94l.)
An African genus of ganoid fishes including the
bichir.
\'d8Pol`yp*to"ton (?), n. [L.,
fr. Gr. / having, or being in, many cases; / many + /
case.] (Rhet.) A figure by which a word is
repeated in different forms, cases, numbers, genders, etc., as in
Tennyson's line, -- \'bdMy own heart's heart, and ownest own,
farewell.\'b8
Pol"y*pus (?), n.; pl. E.
Polypuses (#), L. Polypi
(#). [L. See Polyp.]
1. (Zo\'94l.) Same as
Polyp.<-- polyp is the normal term now -->
2. (Med.) A tumor, usually with a narrow
base, somewhat resembling a pear, -- found in the nose, uterus,
etc., and produced by hypertrophy of some portion of the mucous
membrane.
Pol`y*rhi"zous (?), a. [Gr.
/; / many + / root.] (Bot.) Having
numerous roots, or rootlets.
Pol`y*sche"ma*tist (?), a.
[Poly- + Gr. / form, manner.]
Having, or existing in, many different forms or fashions;
multiform.
Pol"y*scope (?), n. [Gr. /
farseeing; / much, many + / to view: cf. F.
polyscope.] 1. (Opt.) A
glass which makes a single object appear as many; a multiplying
glass.
Hutton.
2. (Med.) An apparatus for affording a
view of the different cavities of the body.
Pol`y*sep"al*ous (?), a.
[Poly- + sepal.]
(Bot.) Having the sepals separate from each
other.
Pol`y*si*lic"ic (?), a.
[Poly- + silicic.]
(Chem.) Of or pertaining to compounds formed by
the condensation of two or more molecules of silicic acid.
Polysilicic acid (Chem.), any one
of a series of acids formed by the condensation of two or more
molecules of silicic acid, with elimination of water.
Pol"y*spast (?), n. [L.
polyspaston, fr. Gr. /, fr. / drawn by several
cords; / many + / to draw: cf. F.
polyspaste.] (Surg.) A machine
consisting of many pulleys; specifically, an apparatus formerly
used for reducing luxations.
Pol`y*sper"mous (?), a. [Gr.
/; / many + / seed.] (Bot.)
Containing many seeds; as, a polyspermous
capsule or berry.
Martyn.
Pol"y*sper`my (?), n.
(Biol.) Fullness of sperm, or seed; the passage
of more than one spermatozo\'94n into the vitellus in the
impregnation of the ovum.
Pol`y*spor"ous (?), a.
[Poly- + spore.]
(Bot.) Containing many spores.
\'d8Pol`y*stom"a*ta (?), n. pl.
[NL., from Gr. / many + /, /, mouth.]
(Zo\'94l.) A division of trematode worms having
more two suckers. Called also Polystomea and
Polystoma.
Pol"y*stome (?), a. [Gr. /
many-mouthed; / + / mouth.] (Zo\'94l.)
Having many mouths.
Pol"y*stome, n. (Zo\'94l.) An
animal having many mouths; -- applied to Protozoa.
Pol"y*style (?), a. [Gr. /
with many columns; / many + / column: cf. F.
polystyle.] (Arch.) Having many
columns; -- said of a building, especially of an interior part or
court; as, a polystyle hall. --
n. A polystyle hall or
edifice.
Pol`y*sul"phide (?), n.
[Poly- + sulphide.]
(Chem.) A sulphide having more than one atom of
sulphur in the molecule; -- contrasted with
monosulphide.
Pol`y*sul"phu*ret (?), n.
(Chem.) A polysulphide.
[Obsoles.]
{ Pol`y*syl*lab"ic (?),
Pol`y*syl*lab"ic*al (?), } a.
[Gr. /; / many + / syllable: cf. F.
polysyllabique.] Pertaining to a
polysyllable; containing, or characterized by, polysyllables;
consisting of more than three syllables.
Pol`y*syl*lab"i*cism (?), n.
Polysyllabism.
Pol`y*syl`la*bic"i*ty (?), n.
Polysyllabism.
Pol`y*syl"la*bism (?), n. The
quality or state of being polysyllabic.
Pol"y*syl`la*ble (?), n.
[Poly- + syllable.] A word
of many syllables, or consisting of more syllables than three; --
words of less than four syllables being called
monosyllables, dissyllables, and
trisyllables.
Pol`y*syn*det"ic (?), a.
Characterized by polysyndeton, or the multiplication of
conjunctions. -- Pol`y*syn*det"ic*al*ly
(#), adv.
\'d8Pol`y*syn"de*ton (?), n.
[NL., from Gr. / many + / bound together, fr. / to
bind together; / with + / to bind.] (Rhet.)
A figure by which the conjunction is often repeated, as in
the sentence, \'bdWe have ships and men and money and stores.\'b8
Opposed to asyndeton.
Pol`y*syn"the*sis (?), n.
[Poly- + synthesis.] 1.
The act or process of combining many separate elements into
a whole.
2. (Philol.) The formation of a word by
the combination of several simple words, as in the aboriginal
languages of America; agglutination.
Latham.
Pol`y*syn*thet"ic (?), a.
[Poly- + synthetic.]
Characterized by polysynthesis; agglutinative.
Polysynthetic twinning (Min.),
repeated twinning, like that of the triclinic feldspar,
producing fine parallel bands in alternately reversed
positions.
Pol`*syn*thet"i*cism (?), n.
Polysynthesis.
<-- p. 1112 -->
Pol`y*tech"nic (?), a. [Gr.
/; / many + / an art: cf. F.
polytechnique.] Comprehending, or relating
to, many arts and sciences; -- applied particularly to schools in
which many branches of art and science are taught with especial
reference to their practical application; also to exhibitions of
machinery and industrial products.
Pol`y*tech"nic*al (?), a.
Polytechnic.
Pol`y*tech"nics (?), n. The
science of the mechanic arts.
\'d8Pol`y*tha*la"mi*a (?), n. pl.
[NL. See Polythalamous.]
(Zo\'94l.) A division of Foraminifera including
those having a manychambered shell.
Pol`y*thal"a*mous (?), a.
[Poly- + Gr. / a chamber.]
(Zo\'94l.) Many-chambered; -- applied to shells
of Foraminifera and cephalopods. See Illust. of
Nautilus.
Pol"y*the*ism (?), n.
[Poly- + Gr. / cf. F.
polyth\'82isme.] The doctrine of, or belief
in, a plurality of gods.
In the Old Testament, the gradual development of
polytheism from the primitive monotheism may be
learned.
Shaff-Herzog.
Pol"y*the*ist, n. [Cf. F.
polyth\'82iste.] One who believes in, or
maintains the doctrine of, a plurality of gods.
{ Pol`y*the*is"tic (?),
Pol`y*the*is"tic*al (?), } a.
Of or pertaining to polytheism; characterized by polytheism;
professing or advocating polytheism; as,
polytheistic worship; a polytheistic author, or
nation. -- Pol`y*the*is"tic*al*ly,
adv.
Pol"y*the*ize (?), v. i. To
adhere to, advocate, or inculcate, the doctrine of
polytheism.
Milman.
Pol`y*the"lism (?), n.
[Poly- + Gr. qhlh` a nipple.]
(Anat.) The condition of having more than two
teats, or nipples.
Po*lyt"o*cous (?), a. [Gr. /;
/ many + / offspring.] 1. (Bot.)
Bearing fruit repeatedly, as most perennial plants;
polycarpic.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Producing many or
young.
Po*lyt"o*mous (?), a.
[Poly- + Gr. / a cutting, fr. / to
cut.] (Bot.) Subdivided into many distinct
subordinate parts, which, however, not being jointed to the
petiole, are not true leaflets; -- said of leaves.
Henslow.
Po*lyt"o*my (?), n.
(Logic) A division into many members.
F. Bowen.
Pol`y*tung"state (?), n. A salt
of polytungstic acid.
Pol`y*tung"stic (?), a.
(Chem.) Containing several tungsten atoms or
radicals; as, polytungstic acid.
Polytungstic acid (Chem.), any one
of several complex acids of tungsten containing more than one
atom of tungsten.
Pol"y*type (?), n.
[Poly- + -type.]
(Print.) A cast, or facsimile copy, of an
engraved block, matter in type, etc. (see citation); as, a
polytype in relief.
By pressing the wood cut into semifluid metal, an intaglio
matrix is produced: and from this matrix, in a similar way, a
polytype in relief is obtained.
Hansard.
Pol"y*type, a. (Print.) Of or
pertaining to polytypes; obtained by polytyping; as, a
polytype plate.
Pol"y*type, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Polytyped (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Polytyping (?).]
(Print.) To produce a polytype of; as, to
polytype an engraving.
\'d8Pol`*u"ri*a (?), n. [NL.
See Poly-, and Urine.] (Med.)
A persistently excessive flow of watery urine, with low
specific gravity and without the presence of either albumin or
sugar. It is generally accompanied with more or less
thirst.
Po*lyv"a*lent (?), a.
[Poly- + L. valens, p. pr. See
Valent.] (Chem.)
Multivalent.
Pol"yve (?), n. [See
Polive.] A pulley. [Obs.]
\'d8Pol`y*zo"a (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / many + / an animal.]
(Zo\'94l.) Same as Bryozoa. See
Illust. under Bryozoa, and
Phylactol\'91mata.
Pol`y*zo"an (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) Any species of Polyzoa;
one of the Polyzoa. (b) A polyzo\'94n.
\'d8Pol`y*zo*a"ri*um (?), n.;
pl. Polyzoaria (#).
[NL.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as
Polyzoary.
Pol`y*zo"a*ry (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The compound organism of a
polyzoan.
Pol`y*zon"al (?), a.
[Poly- + zonal.] Consisting
of many zones or rings.
Polyzonal lens (Opt.), a lens made
up of pieces arranged zones or rings, -- used in the lanterns of
lighthouses.
\'d8Pol`y*zo"\'94n (?), n.; pl.
Polyzoa (#). [NL. See
Polyzoan.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the
individual zooids forming the compound organism of a
polyzoan.
Pom"ace (?; 277), n. [L.
ponum a fruit, LL., an apple: cf. LL.
pomagium, pomacium.] The
substance of apples, or of similar fruit, crushed by
grinding.
Po`ma*cen"troid (?), a. [Gr.
/ a cover + / a prickle + -oid.]
(Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to the
Pomacentrid\'91, a family of bright-colored tropical
fishes having spiny opercula; -- often called coral
fishes.
Po*ma"ceous (?), a. [LL.
ponum an apple.] 1. (Bot.)
(a) Like an apple or pear; producing pomes.
(b) Of or pertaining to a suborder
(Pome\'91) of rosaceous plants, which includes the
true thorn trees, the quinces, service berries, medlars, and
loquats, as well as the apples, pears, crabs, etc.
2. Like pomace.
Po*made" (?; 277), n. [F.
pommade pomatum, OF. pomade cider (cf. Sp.
pomada, It. pomata, LL. pomata a
drink made of apples), from L. pomum fruit, LL., an
apple. Cf. Pomatum.] 1. Cider.
[Obs.]
Piers Plowman.
2. Perfumed ointment; esp., a fragrant unguent for
the hair; pomatum; -- originally made from apples.
Po*man"der (?), n. [Sp.
poma.] (a) A perfume to be carried
with one, often in the form of a ball. (b) A
box to contain such perfume, formerly carried by ladies, as at
the end of a chain; -- more properly pomander
box. [Obs.]
Bacon.
Po"ma*rine (?), a. [Gr. / a
lid + /, /, nose.] (Zo\'94l.) Having
the nostril covered with a scale.
Pomarine jager (Zo\'94l.), a North
Atlantic jager (Stercorarius pomarinus) having the
elongated middle tail feathers obtuse. The adult is
black.
Po*ma"tum (?), n. [See
Pomade.] A perfumed unguent or composition,
chiefly used in dressing the hair; pomade.
Wiseman.
Po*ma"tum, v. t. To dress with
pomatum.
Pome (?), n. [L.
pomum a fruit: cf. F. pomme apple. Cf.
Pomade.] 1. (Bot.) A
fruit composed of several cartilaginous or bony carpels inclosed
in an adherent fleshy mass, which is partly receptacle and partly
calyx, as an apple, quince, or pear.
2. (R. C. Ch.) A ball of silver or other
metal, which is filled with hot water, and used by the priest in
cold weather to warm his hands during the service.
Pome, v. i. [Cf. F. pommer.
See Pome, n.] To grow to a head, or
form a head in growing. [Obs.]
Pome"gran`ate (?; 277), n. [OE.
pomgarnet, OF. pome de grenate, F.
grenade, L. pomum a fruit +
granatus grained, having many grains or seeds. See
Pome, and Garnet, Grain.]
1. (Bot.) The fruit of the tree
Punica Granatum; also, the tree itself (see
Balaustine), which is native in the Orient, but is
successfully cultivated in many warm countries, and as a house
plant in colder climates. The fruit is as large as an orange, and
has a hard rind containing many rather large seeds, each one
separately covered with crimson, acid pulp.
2. A carved or embroidered ornament resembling a
pomegranate.
Ex. xxviii. 33.
Pom"el (?), n. A pommel.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Pom"e*lo (?), n. [Cf.
Pompelmous.] A variety of shaddock, called
also grape fruit.
Pome"ly (?), a. [OF.
pomel\'82, F. pommel\'82. See
Pome.] Dappled. [Obs.]
\'bdPomely gray.\'b8
Chaucer.
Pom`e*ra"ni*an (?), a. Of or
pertaining to Pomerania, a province of Prussia on the Baltic
Sea. -- n. A native or inhabitant of
Pomerania.
Pomeranian dog (Zo\'94l.), the
loup-loup, or Spitz dog.<-- also just Pomeranian-->
Pome"wa`ter (?), n. A kind of
sweet, juicy apple. [Written also
pomwater.]
Shak.
Pom"ey (?), n.; pl.
Pomeys (#). [F.
pomm\'82 grown round, or like an apple, p. p. of
pommer to pome.] (Her.) A figure
supposed to resemble an apple; a roundel, -- always of a green
color.
Pom"fret (?), n. [Perhaps
corrupt. fr. Pg. pampano a kind of fish.]
(Zo\'94l.) (a) One of two or more
species of marine food fishes of the genus Stromateus
(S. niger, S. argenteus) native of Southern
Europe and Asia. (b) A marine food fish of
Bermuda (Brama Raji).
Po*mif"er*ous (?), a. [L.
pomifer; pomum fruit + ferre to
bear: cf. F. pomif\'8are.] (Bot.)
(a) Bearing pomes, or applelike fruits.
(b) Bearing fruits, or excrescences, more or less
resembling an apple.
Pom"mage (?; 48), n. See
Pomage.
\'d8Pom`m\'82" (?), a. [F. See
Pomey.] (Her.) Having the ends
terminating in rounded protuberances or single balls; -- said of
a cross.
\'d8Pomme` blanche" (?). [F., literally,
white apple.] The prairie turnip. See under
Prairie.
Pom"mel (?), n. [OE.
pomel, OF. pomel, F. pommeau,
LL. pomellus, fr. L. pomum fruit, LL. also,
an apple. See Pome.] A knob or ball; an
object resembling a ball in form; as: (a) The
knob on the hilt of a sword. Macaulay.
(b) The knob or protuberant part of a
saddlebow. (c) The top (of the head).
Chaucer. (d) A knob forming the finial of
a turret or pavilion.
Pom"mel, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Pommeled (?) or Pommelled;
p. pr. & vb. n. Pommeling or
Pommelling.] To beat soundly, as with
the pommel of a sword, or with something knoblike; hence, to beat
with the fists. [Written also
pummel.]
Pom*mel"ion (?), n. [See
Pommel: cf. LL. pomilio pygmy.]
(Mil.) The cascabel, or hindmost knob, of a
cannon. [R.]
\'d8Pom`met`t\'82" (?), a.
[F.] Having two balls or protuberances at each
end; -- said of a cross.
Po`mo*log"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F.
pomologique.] Of or pertaining to
pomology.
Po*mol"o*gist (?), n. One
versed in pomology; one who culticvates fruit trees.
Po*mol"o*gy (?), n. [L.
pomum fruit + -logy: cf. F.
pomologie.] The science of fruits; a
treatise on fruits; the cultivation of fruits and fruit
trees.
Po*mo"na (?), n. [L., from
pomum fruit.] (Class. Myth.) The
goddess of fruits and fruit trees.
Pomp (?), n. [OE.
pompe, F. pompe, L. pompa, fr.
Gr. / a sending, a solemn procession, pomp, fr. / to send.
Cf. Pump a shoe.] 1. A procession
distinguished by ostentation and splendor; a pageant.
\'bdAll the pomps of a Roman triumph.\'b8
Addison.
2. Show of magnificence; parade; display;
power.
Syn. -- Display; parade; pageant; pageantry; splendor;
state; magnificence; ostentation; grandeur; pride.
Pomp (?), v. i. To make a
pompons display; to conduct. [Obs.]
B. Jonson.
Pom"pa*dour (?), n. A crimson
or pink color; also, a style of dress cut low and square in the
neck; also, a mode of dressing the hair by drawing it straight
back from the forehead over a roll; -- so called after the
Marchioness de Pompadour of France. Also much used
adjectively.
Pom"pa*no (?), n. [Sp.
p\'a0mpano.] [Written also
pampano.] (Zo\'94l.) 1.
Any one of several species of marine fishes of the genus
Trachynotus, of which four species are found on the
Atlantic coast of the United States; -- called also
palometa.
T.
thomboides) and the Carolina pompano (T.
Carolinus) are the most common. Other species occur on the
Pacific coast.
2. A California harvest fish (Stromateus
simillimus), highly valued as a food fish.
Pompano shell (Zo\'94l.), a small
bivalve shell of the genus Donax; -- so called because
eaten by the pompano. [Florida]
Pom*pat"ic (?), a. [L.
pompaticus.] Pompous.
[Obs.]
Barrow.
Pom"pel*mous (?), n.; pl.
Pompelmouses (#). [D.
pompelmoes; cf. G. pompelmuse, F.
pamplemousse, and F. pompol\'82on.]
(Bot.) A shaddock, esp. one of large size.
Pom"pet (?), n. [OF.
pompette.] (Print.) The ball
formerly used to ink the type.
Pom"pho*lyx (?), n. [L., fr.
Gr. / a bubble, the slag on the surface of smelted ore, from
/ a blister.] 1. (Old Chem.)
Impure zinc oxide.
2. (Med.) A skin disease in which there
is an eruption of bull\'91, without inflammation or fever.
Pom*pil"lion (?), n. An
ointment or pomatum made of black poplar buds.
[Obs.]
Cotgrave.
Pom"pi*on (?), n. [OF.
pompon. See Pumpkin.] See
Pumpion.
Pom"pire (?), n. [L.
pomum a fruit, LL. also, an apple + pirum a
pear.] A pearmain. [Obs.]
Pom*po"le*on (?), n.
(Bot.) See Pompelmous.
Pom"pon (?), n. [F.]
1. Any trifling ornament for a woman's dress or
bonnet.
2. (Mil.) A tuft or ball of wool, or the
like, sometimes worn by soldiers on the front of the hat, instead
of a feather.
Pom*pos"i*ty (?), n.; pl.
Pomposities (/). The quality or
state of being pompous; pompousness.
Thackeray.
\'d8Pom*po"so (?), a. & adv.
[It.] (Mus.) Grand and dignified; in
grand style.
Pomp"ous (?), a. [F.
pompeux, L. pomposus. See
Pomp.] 1. Displaying pomp; stately;
showy with grandeur; magnificent; as, a pompous
procession.
2. Ostentatious; pretentious; boastful;
vainlorious; as, pompous manners; a pompous
style. \'bdPompous in high
presumption.\'b8
Chaucer.
he pompous vanity of the old schoolmistress.
Thackeray.
-- Pom"ous*ly, adv. --
Pomp"ous*ness, n.
Pomp"tine (?), a. See
Pontine.
Pom"wa`ter (?), n. Same as
Pomewater.
Pon"cho (?), n.; pl.
Ponchos (/). [Sp.]
1. A kind of cloak worn by the Spanish Americans,
having the form of a blanket, with a slit in the middle for the
head to pass through. A kind of poncho made of rubber
or painted cloth is used by the mounted troops in the United
States service.
2. A trade name for camlets, or stout
worsteds.
Pond (?), n. [Probably
originally, an inclosed body of water, and the same word as
pound. See Pound an inclosure.] A
body of water, naturally or artificially confined, and usually of
less extent than a lake. \'bdThrough pond or
pool.\'b8
Milton.
Pond hen (Zo\'94l.), the American
coot. See Coot (a). -- Pond
lily (Bot.), the water lily. See under
Water, and Illust. under
Nymph\'91a. -- Pond snail
(Zo\'94l.), any gastropod living in fresh-water
ponds or lakes. The most common kinds are air-breathing snails
(Pulmonifera) belonging to Limn\'91a, Physa,
Planorbis, and allied genera. The operculated species are
pectinibranchs, belonging to Melantho,
Valvata, and various other genera.<-- Some
general are italicised, otheres not. Why?? Thus in orig. --> --
Pond spice (Bot.), an American shrub
(Tetranthera geniculata) of the Laurel family, with
small oval leaves, and axillary clusters of little yellow
flowers. The whole plant is spicy. It grows in ponds and swamps
from Virginia to Florida. -- Pond tortoise,
Pond turtle (Zo\'94l.), any
freshwater tortoise of the family Emydid\'91. Numerous
species are found in North America.
<-- p. 1113 -->
Pond (?), v. t. To make into a
pond; to collect, as water, in a pond by damming.
Pond, v. t. [See Ponder.]
To ponder. [Obs.]
Pleaseth you, pond your suppliant's plaint.
Spenser.
Pon"der (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Pondered
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Pondering.] [L. ponderare,
fr. pondus, ponderis, a weight, fr.
pendere to weigh: cf. F. pond\'82rer. See
Pendant, and cf. Pound a weight.]
1. To weigh. [Obs.]
2. To weigh in the mind; to view with deliberation;
to examine carefully; to consider attentively.
Ponder the path of thy feet.
Prov. iv. 26.
Syn. -- To Ponder, Consider,
Muse. To consider means to view
or contemplate with fixed thought. To ponder is to
dwell upon with long and anxious attention, with a view to some
practical result or decision. To muse is simply to
think upon continuously with no definite object, or for the
pleasure it gives. We consider any subject which is
fairly brought before us; we ponder a concern
involving great interests; we muse on the events of
childhood.
Pon"der, v. i. To think; to deliberate;
to muse; -- usually followed by on or
over.
Longfellow.
Pon`der*a*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf.
F. pond\'82rabilit\'82.] The quality or
state of being ponderable.
Pon"der*a*ble (?), a. [L.
ponderabilis: cf. F. pond\'82rable.]
Capable of being weighed; having appreciable weight.
-- Pon"der*a*ble*ness,
n.
Pon"der*al (?), a. [Cf. F.
pond\'82ral.] Estimated or ascertained by
weight; -- distinguished from numeral; as, a
ponderal drachma. [R.]
Arbuthnot.
Pon"der*ance (?), n. [L.
ponderans, p. pr. of ponderare to weigh:
cf. OF. ponderant of weight.] Weight;
gravity. [R.]
Gregory.
Pon"der*a*ry (?), a. Of or
pertaining to weight; as, a ponderary
system. [R.]
M'Culloch.
Pon"der*ate (?), v. t. [L.
ponderatus, p. p. of ponderare. See
Ponder.] To consider; to ponder.
[R.]
Pon"der*ate, v. i. To have weight or
influence. [R.]
Pon`der*a"tion (?), n. [L.
ponderatio: cf. F. pond\'82ration.]
The act of weighing. [R.]
Arbuthnot.
Pon"der*er (?), n. One who
ponders.
Pon"der*ing, a. Deliberating. --
Pon"der*ing*ly, adv.
Pon`der*os"i*ty (?), n.; pl.
Ponderosities (#). [OF.
ponderosit\'82.] The quality or state of
being ponderous; weight; gravity; heaviness, ponderousness;
as, the ponderosity of gold.
Ray.
Pon"der*ous (?), a. [L.
ponderosus, from pondus, -eris,
a weight: cf. F. pond\'82reux. See
Ponder.] 1. Very heavy; weighty;
as, a ponderous shield; a ponderous load;
the ponderous elephant.
The sepulcher . . .
Hath oped his ponderous and marble jaws.
Shak.
2. Important; momentous; forcible. \'bdYour
more ponderous and settled project.\'b8
Shak.
3. Heavy; dull; wanting; lightless or spirit;
as, a ponderous style; a ponderous
joke.
Ponderous spar (Min.), heavy spar,
or barytes. See Barite.
Pon"der*ous*ly, adv. In a ponderous
manner.
Pon"der*ous*ness, n. The quality or
state of being ponderous; ponderosity.
Pond"fish` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of
American fresh-water fishes belonging to the family
Centrarchid\'91; -- called also pond
perch, and sunfish.
Lepomis
gibbosus) is called also bream,
pumpkin seed, and sunny.
See Sunfish. The long-eared pondfish (Lepomis
auritus) of the Eastern United States is distinguished by
its very long opercular flap.
Pond"weed` (?), n. (Bot.)
Any aquatic plant of the genus Potamogeton, of
which many species are found in ponds or slow-moving
rivers.
Choke pondweed, an American water weed
(Anarcharis, .) See
Anacharis. -- Horned pondweed, the
Zannichellia palustris, a slender, branching aquatic
plant, having pointed nutlets.
Pone (?), n. [Of Amer. Indian
origin.] A kind of johnnycake. [Written
also paune.] [Southern U. S.]
Po"nent (?), a. [OF., fr. It.
ponente, properly, setting (applied to the setting
sun), fr. L. ponens, p. pr. of ponere to
set, put.] Western; occidental.
[R.]
Forth rush the levant and the ponent winds.
Milton.
Pon*gee" (?), n. [Of East
Indian origin.] A fabric of undyed silk from India and
China.
Pon*ghee" (?), n. [From the
native name.] A Buddhist priest of the higher orders
in Burmah.
Malcom.
Pon"go (?), n. (Zo\'94l.)
Any large ape; especially, the chimpanzee and the
orang-outang.
Pon"iard (?), n. [F.
poignard (cf. It. pugnale, Sp.
pu\'a4al), fr. L. pugio, -onis;
probably akin to pugnus fist, or fr. pugnus
fist, as held in the fist. See Pugnacious.] A
kind of dagger, -- usually a slender one with a triangular or
square blade.
She speaks poniards, and every word stabs.
Shak.
Pon"iard, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Poniarded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Poniarding.] To pierce with a poniard;
to stab.
Cowper.
Po`ni*bil"i*ty (?), n. [L.
ponere to place.] The capability of being
placed or located. [Obs.]
Barrow.
\'d8Pons (?), n.; pl.
Pontes (#). [L., a bridge.]
(Anat.) A bridge; -- applied to several parts
which connect others, but especially to the pons
Varolii, a prominent band of nervous tissue situated on the
ventral side of the medulla oblongata and connected at each side
with the hemispheres of the cerebellum; the mesocephalon. See
Brain.
\'d8Pons asinorum. [L., literally, bridge of
asses.] See Asses' bridge, under
Ass.
Pon"tage (?; 48), n. [LL.
pontagium, from L. pons, pontis,
a bridge: cf. F. pontage.] (O. Eng.
Law) A duty or tax paid for repairing bridges.
Ayliffe.
Pon*tee" (?), n. [F.
pontil, pontis.] (Glass
Making) An iron rod used by glass makers for
manipulating the hot glass; -- called also,
puntil, puntel,
punty, and ponty. See
Fascet.
Pon"tic (?), a. [L.
Ponticus, Gr. /, fr. / the sea, especially, the
Black Sea.] Of or pertaining to the Pontus, Euxine, or
Black Sea.
\'d8Pon"ti*fex (?), n.; pl.
Pontifices (#). [L.] A
high priest; a pontiff.
Pon"tiff (?), n. [F.
pontife, L. pontifex, -ficis;
pons, pontis, a bridge (perhaps originally,
a way, path) + facere to make. Cf.
Pontoon.] A high priest. Especially:
(a) One of the sacred college, in ancient Rome,
which had the supreme jurisdiction over all matters of religion,
at the head of which was the Pontifex Maximus.
Dr. W. Smith. (b) (Jewish Antiq.)
The chief priest. (c) (R. C. Ch.)
The pope.
Pon*tif"ic (?), a. [Cf. L.
pontificius.] 1. Relating to, or
consisting of, pontiffs or priests. \'bdThe
pontific college with their augurs and flamens.\'b8
Milton.
2. Of or pertaining to the pope; papal.
Shenstone.
Pon*tif"ic*al (?), a. [L.
pontificalis: cf. F. pontifical. See
Pontiff.] 1. Of or pertaining to a
pontiff, or high priest; as, pontifical
authority; hence, belonging to the pope; papal.
2. Of or pertaining to the building of
bridges. [R.]
Now had they brought the work by wondrous art
Pontifical, a ridge of pendent rock
Over the vexed abyss.
Milton.
Pon*tif"ic*al, n. [F.] 1.
A book containing the offices, or formulas, used by a
pontiff.
South.
2. pl. The dress and ornaments of a
pontiff. \'bdDressed in full pontificals.\'b8
Sir W. Scott.
Pon*tif`i*cal"i*ty (?), n. The
state and government of the pope; the papacy.
[R.]
Bacon.
Pon*tif"ic*al*ly, adv. In a pontifical
manner.
Pon*tif"i*cate (?), n. [L.
pontificatus: cf. F. pontificat. See
Pontiff.] 1. The state or dignity of
a high priest; specifically, the office of the pope.
Addison.
2. The term of office of a pontiff.
Milman.
Pon*tif"i*cate (?), v. i. (R.
C. Ch.) To perform the duty of a pontiff.
Pon"ti*fice (?), n. [L.
pons, pontis, a bridge + facere
to make. Cf. Pontiff.] Bridgework; structure
or edifice of a bridge. [R.]
Milton.
Pon`ti*fi"cial (?), a. [L.
pontificius.] Papal; pontifical.
[Obs.] \'bdPontificial writers.\'b8
Burton.
Pon`ti*fi"cian (?), a. Of or
pertaining to the pontiff or pope. [Obs.]
Bp. Hall.
Pon`ti*fi"cian, n. One who adheres to
the pope or papacy; a papist. [Obs.]
Bp. Montagu.
Pon"til (?), n. Same as
Pontee.
Pon"tile (?), a. [L.
pontilis pertaining to a bridge.]
(Anat.) Of or pertaining to the pons Varolii. See
Pons.
Pon"tine (?), a. [L.
Pontinus or Pomptinus, an appellation given
to a district in Latium, near Pometia.] Of
or pertaining to an extensive marshy district between Rome and
Naples. [Written also Pomptine.]
Pont"le*vis (?), n. [F.,
properly, a drawbridge.] (Man.) The action
of a horse in rearing repeatedly and dangerously.
Pon*ton" (?), n. [F.]
See Pontoon.
Pon*toon" (?), n. [F.
ponton (cf. It. pontone), from L.
ponto, -onis, fr. pons,
pontis, a bridge, perhaps originally, a way, path: cf.
Gr. / path, Skr. path, pathi,
panthan. Cf. Punt a boat.] 1.
(Mil.) A wooden flat-bottomed boat, a metallic
cylinder, or a frame covered with canvas, India rubber, etc.,
forming a portable float, used in building bridges quickly for
the passage of troops.
2. (Naut.) A low, flat vessel,
resembling a barge, furnished with cranes, capstans, and other
machinery, used in careening ships, raising weights, drawing
piles, etc., chiefly in the Mediterranean; a lighter.
Pontoon bridge, a bridge formed with
pontoons. -- Pontoon train, the carriages of
the pontoons, and the materials they carry for making a pontoon
bridge.
ponton often appears
in scientific works, but pontoon is more common
form.
Pon*toon"ing, n. The act, art, or
process of constructing pontoon bridges. \'bdArmy
instruction in pontooning.\'b8
Gen. W. T. Shermah.
Pon`vo*lant" (?; F. ?), n. [F.
pont bridge + volant flying.]
(Mil.) A kind of light bridge, used in sieges,
for surprising a post or outwork which has but a narrow moat; a
flying bridge.
Pon"ty (?), n. (Class
Making) See Pontee.
Po"ny (?), n.; pl.
Ponies (/). [Written also
poney.] [Gael. ponaidh.]
1. A small horse.
2. Twenty-five pounds sterling. [Slang,
Eng.]
3. A translation or a key used to avoid study in
getting lessons; a crib. [College Cant]
4. A small glass of beer.
[Slang]
Pony chaise, a light, low chaise, drawn by a
pony or a pair of ponies. -- Pony engine, a
small locomotive for switching cars from one track to
another. [U.S.] -- Pony truck
(Locomotive Engine), a truck which has only two
wheels. -- Pony truss (Bridge
Building), a truss which has so little height that
overhead bracing can not be used.
Pood (?), n. [Russ.
pud'.] A Russian weight, equal to forty
Russian pounds or about thirty-six English pounds
avoirdupois.
Poo"dle (?), n. [G.
pudel.] (Zo\'94l.) A breed of
dogs having curly hair, and often showing remarkable intelligence
in the performance of tricks.
Pooh (?), interj. [Of.
imitative origin; cf. Icel. p.]
Pshaw! pish! nonsense! -- an expression of scorn, dislike,
or contempt.
Pooh`-pooh" (?), v. t. To make
light of; to treat with derision or contempt, as if by saying
pooh! pooh! [Colloq.]
Thackeray.
\'d8Poo"koo (?), n. [From the
native name.] (Zo\'94l.) A red African
antelope (Kobus Vardoni) allied to the water
buck.
Pool (?), n. [AS.
p\'d3l; akin to LG. pool, pohl,
D. poel, G. pfuhl; cf. Icel.
pollr, also W. pwll, Gael.
poll.] 1. A small and rather deep
collection of (usually) fresh water, as one supplied by a spring,
or occurring in the course of a stream; a reservoir for water;
as, the pools of Solomon.
Wyclif.
Charity will hardly water the ground where it must first fill
a pool.
Bacon.
The sleepy pool above the dam.
Tennyson.
2. A small body of standing or stagnant water; a
puddle. \'bdThe filthy mantled pool beyond your
cell.\'b8
Shak.
Pool, n. [F. poule, properly,
a hen. See Pullet.] [Written also
poule.] 1. The stake played for
in certain games of cards, billiards, etc.; an aggregated stake
to which each player has contributed a snare; also, the
receptacle for the stakes.
2. A game at billiards, in which each of the
players stakes a certain sum, the winner taking the whole; also,
in public billiard rooms, a game in which the loser pays the
entrance fee for all who engage in the game; a game of skill in
pocketing the balls on a pool table.
He plays pool at the billiard houses.
Thackeray.
3. In rifle shooting, a contest in which each
competitor pays a certain sum for every shot he makes, the net
proceeds being divided among the winners.
4. Any gambling or commercial venture in which
several persons join.
5. A combination of persons contributing money to
be used for the purpose of increasing or depressing the market
price of stocks, grain, or other commodities; also, the aggregate
of the sums so contributed; as, the pool took all
the wheat offered below the limit; he put $10,000 into the
pool.
6. (Railroads) A mutual arrangement
between competing lines, by which the receipts of all are
aggregated, and then distributed pro rata according to
agreement.
7. (Law) An aggregation of properties or
rights, belonging to different people in a community, in a common
fund, to be charged with common liabilities.
Pin pool, a variety of the game of billiards
in which small wooden pins are set up to be knocked down by the
balls. -- Pool ball, one of the colored ivory
balls used in playing the game at billiards called
pool. -- Pool snipe
(Zo\'94l.), the European redshank.
[Prov. Eng.] -- Pool table, a
billiard table with pockets.<-- pool hall, a commercial
establishment where customers may play pool for a fee. pool
room, (a) a room containing a pool table as its most prominent
feature. (b) pool hall. -->
Pool, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Pooled (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Pooling.] To put together; to
contribute to a common fund, on the basis of a mutual division of
profits or losses; to make a common interest of; as, the
companies pooled their traffic.
Finally, it favors the poolingof all issues.
U. S. Grant.
Pool, v. i. To combine or contribute
with others, as for a commercial, speculative, or gambling
transaction.
Pool"er (?), n. A stick for
stirring a tan vat.
Pool"ing, n. (Law) The act of
uniting, or an agreement to unite, an aggregation of properties
belonging to different persons, with a view to common liabilities
or profits.
Poon (?), n. [Canarese
ponne.] A name for several East Indian, or
their wood, used for the masts and spars of vessels, as
Calophyllum angustifolium, C. inophullum,
and Sterculia f\'d2tida; -- called also
peon.
Poo"nac (?), n. A kind of oil
cake prepared from the cocoanut. See Oil cake, under
Cake.
Poon"ga oil` (?). A kind of oil used in
India for lamps, and for boiling with dammar for pitching
vessels. It is pressed from the seeds of a leguminous tree
(Pongamia glabra).
Poop (?), n. (Arch.)
See 2d Poppy.
Poop, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Pooped (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Pooping.] [Cf. D. poepen.
See Pop.] To make a noise; to pop; also, to
break wind.
Poop, n. [F. poupe; cf. Sp. &
Pg. popa, It. poppa; all fr. L.
puppis.] (Naut.) A deck raised
above the after part of a vessel; the hindmost or after part of a
vessel's hull; also, a cabin covered by such a deck. See
Poop deck, under Deck. See also
Roundhouse.
With wind in poop, the vessel plows the sea.
Dryden.
The poop was beaten gold.
Shak.
Poop, v. t. (Naut.) (a)
To break over the poop or stern, as a wave. \'bdA sea
which he thought was going to poop her.\'b8 Lord
Dufferin. (b) To strike in the stern, as by
collision.
Pooped (?), p. p. & a.
(Naut.) (a) Having a poop; furnished
with a poop. (b) Struck on the poop.
<-- (c) Tired; exhausted, fatigued.
pooped out a. pooped[c].
-->
Poop"ing (?), n. (Naut.)
The act or shock of striking a vessel's stern by a following
wave or vessel.
<-- p. 1114 -->
Poor (?), a.
[Compar. Poorer (?; 254);
superl. Poorest.] [OE.
poure or povre, OF. povre, F.
pauvre, L. pauper; the first syllable of
which is probably akin to paucus few (see
Paucity, Few), and the second to
parare to prepare, procure. See Few, and cf.
Parade, Pauper, Poverty.]
1. Destitute of property; wanting in material
riches or goods; needy; indigent.
indigent and
with necessitous denoting extreme want. It is also
applied to persons who are not entirely destitute of property,
but who are not rich; as, a poor man or woman;
poor people.
2. (Law) So completely destitute of
property as to be entitled to maintenance from the public.
3. Hence, in very various applications: Destitute
of such qualities as are desirable, or might naturally be
expected; as: (a) Wanting in fat, plumpness,
or fleshiness; lean; emaciated; meager; as, a poor
horse, ox, dog, etc. \'bdSeven other kine came up
after them, poor and very ill-favored and
lean-fleshed.\'b8 Gen. xli. 19. (b)
Wanting in strength or vigor; feeble; dejected; as,
poor health; poor spirits. \'bdHis genius
. . . poor and cowardly.\'b8 Bacon.
(c) Of little value or worth; not good; inferior;
shabby; mean; as, poor clothes; poor
lodgings. \'bdA poor vessel.\'b8
Clarendon. (d) Destitute of fertility;
exhausted; barren; sterile; -- said of land; as,
poor soil. (e) Destitute of
beauty, fitness, or merit; as, a poor
discourse; a poor picture. (f)
Without prosperous conditions or good results; unfavorable;
unfortunate; unconformable; as, a poor
business; the sick man had a poor night.
(g) Inadequate; insufficient; insignificant;
as, a poor excuse.
That I have wronged no man will be a poor plea or
apology at the last day.
Calamy.
4. Worthy of pity or sympathy; -- used also
sometimes as a term of endearment, or as an expression of
modesty, and sometimes as a word of contempt.
And for mine own poor part,
Look you, I'll go pray.
Shak.
Poor, little, pretty, fluttering thing.
Prior.
5. Free from self-assertion; not proud or arrogant;
meek. \'bdBlessed are the poor in spirit.\'b8
Matt. v. 3.
Poor law, a law providing for, or regulating,
the relief or support of the poor. -- Poor man's
treacle (Bot.), garlic; -- so called because
it was thought to be an antidote to animal poison.
[Eng] Dr. Prior. -- Poor man's
weatherglass (Bot.), the red-flowered
pimpernel (Anagallis arvensis), which opens its
blossoms only in fair weather. -- Poor rate,
an assessment or tax, as in an English parish, for the relief
or support of the poor. -- Poor soldier
(Zo\'94l.), the friar bird. -- The
poor, those who are destitute of property; the
indigent; the needy. In a legal sense, those who depend on
charity or maintenance by the public. \'bdI have observed
the more public provisions are made for the poor, the
less they provide for themselves.\'b8 Franklin.
Poor (?), n. (Zo\'94l.)
A small European codfish (Gadus minutus); --
called also power cod.
Poor"box` (?), n. A receptacle
in which money given for the poor is placed.
Poor"house` (?), n. A dwelling
for a number of paupers maintained at public expense; an
almshouse; a workhouse.
Poor"-john` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A small European fish, similar to the
cod, but of inferior quality.
Poor-john and apple pies are all our fare.
Sir J. Harrington.
Poor"li*ness (?), n. The
quality or state of being poorly; ill health.
Poor"ly, adv. 1. In a poor
manner or condition; without plenty, or sufficiency, or suitable
provision for comfort; as, to live
poorly.
2. With little or no success; indifferently; with
little profit or advantage; as, to do poorly in
business.
3. Meanly; without spirit.
Nor is their courage or their wealth so low,
That from his wars they poorly would retire.
Dryden.
4. Without skill or merit; as, he performs
poorly.
Poorly off, not well off; not rich.
Poor"ly, a. Somewhat ill; indisposed;
not in health. \'bdHaving been poorly in
health.\'b8
T. Scott.
Poor"ness, n. The quality or state of
being poor (in any of the senses of the adjective).
Bacon.
Poor"-spir`it*ed (?), a. Of a
mean spirit; cowardly; base. --
Poor"-spir`it*ed*ness,
n.
Poor"-will` (?), n. [So called
in imitation of its note.] (Zo\'94l.) A
bird of the Western United States (Phal\'91noptilus
Nutalli) allied to the whip-poor-will.
Poor"-wil`lie (?), n. [So
called in imitation of its note.] (Zo\'94l.)
The bar-tailed godwit. [Prov. Eng.]
Pop (?), n. [Of imitative
origin. Cf. Poop.] 1. A small,
sharp, quick explosive sound or report; as, to go off with a
pop.
Addison.
2. An unintoxicating beverage which expels the cork
with a pop from the bottle containing it; as, ginger
pop; lemon pop, etc.
Hood.
3. (Zo\'94l.) The European
redwing. [Prov. Eng.]
Pop corn. (a) Corn, or maize, of
peculiar excellence for popping; especially, a kind the grains of
which are small and compact. (b) Popped corn;
which has been popped.
Pop, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Popped (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Popping.] 1. To make a pop, or
sharp, quick sound; as, the muskets popped away on
all sides.
2. To enter, or issue forth, with a quick, sudden
movement; to move from place to place suddenly; to dart; -- with
in, out, upon, off,
etc.
He that killed my king . . .
Popp'd in between the election and my hopes.
Shak.
A trick of popping up and down every moment.
Swift.
3. To burst open with a pop, when heated over a
fire; as, this corn pops well.
Pop, v. t. 1. To thrust or push
suddenly; to offer suddenly; to bring suddenly and unexpectedly
to notice; as, to pop one's head in at the
door.
He popped a paper into his hand.
Milton.
2. To cause to pop; to cause to burst open by heat,
as grains of Indian corn; as, to pop corn or
chestnuts.
To pop off, to thrust away, or put off
promptly; as, to pop one off with a denial.
Locke. -- To pop the question, to
make an offer of marriage to a lady. [Colloq.]
Dickens.
Pop (?), adv. Like a pop;
suddenly; unexpectedly. \'bdPop goes his
plate.\'b8
Beau. & Fl.
Pope (?), n. [AS.
p\'bepa, L. papa father, bishop. Cf.
Papa, Papal.] 1. Any
ecclesiastic, esp. a bishop. [Obs.]
Foxe.
2. The bishop of Rome, the head of the Roman
Catholic Church. See Note under Cardinal.
3. A parish priest, or a chaplain, of the Greek
Church.
4. (Zo\'94l.) A fish; the ruff.
Pope Joan, a game at cards played on a round
board with compartments. -- Pope's eye, the
gland surrounded with fat in the middle of the thigh of an ox or
sheep. R. D. Blackmore. -- Pope's nose,
the rump, or uropygium, of a bird. See
Uropygium.
Pope"dom (?), n. [AS.
p\'beped\'d3m.] 1. The place,
office, or dignity of the pope; papal dignity.
Shak.
2. The jurisdiction of the pope.
Pope"ling (?), n. 1. A
petty or deputy pope.
2. An adherent of the pope. [R.]
Marlowe.
Pop"e*lote (?), n. A word
variously explained as \'bda little puppet,\'b8 \'bda little
doll,\'b8 or \'bda young butterfly.\'b8 Cf. Popet.
[Obs.]
So gay a popelote, so sweet a wench.
Chaucer.
Pop"er*y (?), n. The religion
of the Roman Catholic Church, comprehending doctrines and
practices; -- generally used in an opprobrious sense.
Pop"et (?), n. A puppet.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Pop"gun` (?), n. A child's gun;
a tube and rammer for shooting pellets, with a popping noise, by
compression of air.
Pop"in*jay (?), n. [OE.
popingay, papejay, OF. papegai,
papegaut; cf. Pr. papagai, Sp. & Pg.
papagayo, It. pappagallo, LGr. /, NGr.
/; in which the first syllables are perhaps imitative of the
bird's chatter, and the last either fr. L. gallus
cock, or the same word as E. jay, F. geai.
Cf. Papagay.]
1. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The green
woodpecker. (b) A parrot.
The pye and popyngay speak they know not what.
Tyndale.
2. A target in the form of a parrot.
[Scot.]
3. A trifling, chattering, fop or coxcomb.
\'bdTo be so pestered with a popinjay.\'b8
Shak.
Pop"ish (?), a. Of or
pertaining to the pope; taught or ordained by the pope; hence, of
or pertaining to the Roman Catholic Church; -- often used
opprobriously. -- Pop"ish*ly,
adv. -- Pop"ish*ness,
n.
Pop"lar (?), n. [OE.
popler, OF. poplier, F.
peuplier, fr. L. populus poplar.]
(Bot.) 1. Any tree of the genus
Populus; also, the timber, which is soft, and capable
of many uses.
Populus tremula and
P. tremuloides; Balsam poplar is P.
balsamifera; Lombardy poplar (P. dilatata) is a
tall, spiry tree; white poplar is Populus alba.
2. The timber of the tulip tree; -- called also
white poplar. [U.S.]
Po*plex"y (?), n.
Apoplexy. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Pop"lin (?), n. [F.
popeline, papeline.] A fabric of
many varieties, usually made of silk and worsted, -- used
especially for women's dresses.
Irish poplin, a fabric with silk warp and
worsted weft, made in Ireland.
Pop*lit"e*al (?; 277), a. [From
L. poples, -itis, the ham.]
(Anat.) Of or pertaining to the ham; in the
region of the ham, or behind the knee joint; as, the
popliteal space.
Pop*lit"ic (?), a.
(Anat.) Popliteal.
Pop"per (?), n. A utensil for
popping corn, usually a wire basket with a long handle.
Pop"per, n. A dagger.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Pop"pet (?), n. 1. See
Puppet.
2. (Naut.) One of certain upright
timbers on the bilge ways, used to support a vessel in
launching.
Totten.
3. (Mach.) An upright support or guide
fastened at the bottom only.
Poppet head, Puppet head.
See Headstock (a).
Pop"ied (?), a. [See 1st
Poppy.] 1. Mingled or interspersed
with poppies. \'bdPoppied corn.\'b8
Keats.
2. Affected with poppy juice; hence, figuratively,
drugged; drowsy; listless; inactive. [R.]
The poppied sails doze on the yard.
Lowell.
Pop"ping (?), a. & n. from
Pop.
Popping crease. (Cricket) See under
Crease.
Pop"ple (?), v. i. [Cf.
Pop.] To move quickly up and down; to bob up
and down, as a cork on rough water; also, to bubble.
Cotton.
Pop"ple, n. 1. The
poplar. [Prov. Eng. & Local, U. S.]
2. Tares. [Obs.] \'bdTo sow
popple among wheat.\'b8
Bale.
Pop"py (?), n.; pl.
Poppies (#). [OE. popy,
AS. popig, L. papaver.]
(Bot.) Any plant or species of the genus
Papaver, herbs with showy polypetalous flowers and a
milky juice. From one species (Papaver somniferum)
opium is obtained, though all the species contain it to some
extent; also, a flower of the plant. See Illust. of
Capsule.
California poppy (Bot.), any
yellow-flowered plant of the genus Eschscholtzia.
-- Corn poppy. See under Corn. --
Horn, Horned,
poppy. See under Horn. --
Poppy bee (Zo\'94l.), a leaf-cutting
bee (Anthocopa papaveris) which uses pieces cut from
poppy petals for the lining of its cells; -- called also
upholsterer bee. -- Prickly
poppy (Bot.), Argemone Mexicana,
a yellow-flowered plant of the Poppy family, but as prickly as a
thistle. -- Poppy seed, the seed the opium
poppy (P. somniferum). -- Spatling
poppy (Bot.), a species of Silene (S.
inflata). See Catchfly.
{ Pop"py (?), Pop"py*head`
(?), } n. [F. poup\'82e
doll, puppet. See Puppet.] (Arch.)
A raised ornament frequently having the form of a final. It
is generally used on the tops of the upright ends or elbows which
terminate seats, etc., in Gothic churches.
Pop"u*lace (?), n. [F.
populace, fr. It. popolaccio,
popolazzo, fr. popolo people, L.
populus. See People.] The common
people; the vulgar; the multitude, -- comprehending all persons
not distinguished by rank, office, education, or
profession.
Pope.
To . . . calm the peers and please the
populace.
Daniel.
They . . . call us Britain's barbarous
populaces.
Tennyson.
Syn. -- Mob; people; commonalty.
Pop"u*la*cy (?), n.
Populace. [Obs.]
Feltham.
Pop"u*lar (?), a. [L.
popularis, fr. populus people: cf. F.
populaire. See People.] 1.
Of or pertaining to the common people, or to the whole body
of the people, as distinguished from a select portion; as,
the popular voice; popular
elections. \'bdPopular states.\'b8
Bacon. \'bdSo the popular vote inclines.\'b8
Milton.
The commonly held in popular estimation are
greatest at a distance.
J. H. Newman.
2. Suitable to common people; easy to be
comprehended; not abstruse; familiar; plain.
Homilies are plain popular instructions.
Hooker.
3. Adapted to the means of the common people;
possessed or obtainable by the many; hence, cheap; common;
ordinary; inferior; as, popular prices;
popular amusements.
The smallest figs, called popular figs, . . . are,
of all others, the basest and of least account.
Holland.
4. Beloved or approved by the people; pleasing to
people in general, or to many people; as, a popular
preacher; a popular law; a popular
administration.
5. Devoted to the common people; studious of the
favor of the populace. [R.]
Such popular humanity is treason.
Addison.
6. Prevailing among the people; epidemic; as, a
popular disease. [Obs.]
Johnson.
Popular action (Law), an action in
which any person may sue for penalty imposed by
statute.
Blackstone.
\'d8Pop`u*la"res (?), n. pl.
[L.] The people or the people's party, in ancient
Rome, as opposed to the optimates.
Pop`u*lar"i*ty (?), n.; pl.
Popularities (#). [L.
popularitas an effort to please the people: cf. F.
popularit\'82.] 1. The quality or
state of being popular; especially, the state of being esteemed
by, or of being in favor with, the people at large; good will or
favor proceeding from the people; as, the popularity
of a law, statesman, or a book.
A popularity which has lasted down to our time.
Macaulay.
2. The quality or state of being adapted or
pleasing to common, poor, or vulgar people; hence, cheapness;
inferiority; vulgarity.
This gallant laboring to avoid popularity falls
into a habit of affectation.
B. Jonson.
3. Something which obtains, or is intended to
obtain, the favor of the vulgar; claptrap.
Popularities, and circumstances which . . . sway
the ordinary judgment.
Bacon.
4. The act of courting the favor of the
people. [Obs.] \'bdIndicted . . . for
popularity and ambition.\'b8
Holland.
5. Public sentiment; general passion.
[R.]
A little time be allowed for the madness of
popularity to cease.
Bancroft.
Pop`u*lar*i*za"tion (?), n. The
act of making popular, or of introducing among the people.
Pop"u*lar*ize (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Popularized
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Popularizing
(?).] [Cf. F.
populariser.] To make popular; to make
suitable or acceptable to the common people; to make generally
known; as, to popularize philosophy.
\'bdThe popularizing of religious teaching.\'b8
Milman.
Pop"u*lar*i`zer (?), n. One who
popularizes.
Pop"u*lar*ly, adv. In a popular manner;
so as to be generally favored or accepted by the people;
commonly; currently; as, the story was popularity
reported.
The victor knight,
Bareheaded, popularly low had bowed.
Dryden.
Pop"u*lar*ness, n. The quality or state
of being popular; popularity.
Coleridge.
Pop"u*late (?), a. [L.
populus people. See People.]
Populous. [Obs.]
Bacon.
Pop"u*late (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Populated
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Populating.] To furnish with
inhabitants, either by natural increase or by immigration or
colonization; to cause to be inhabited; to people.
Pop"u*late, v. i. To propagate.
[Obs.]
Great shoals of people which go on to populate.
Bacon.
Pop`u*la"tion (?), n. [L.
populatio: cf. F. population.]
1. The act or process of populating; multiplication
of inhabitants.
2. The whole number of people, or inhabitants, in a
country, or portion of a country; as, a population
of ten millions.
Pop"u*la`tor (?), n. One who
populates.
Pop"u*li*cide` (?), n. [L.
populus people + caedere to kill.]
Slaughter of the people. [R.]
Pop"u*lin (?), n. [L.
populus poplar: cf. F. populine.]
(Chem.) A glycoside, related to salicin, found in
the bark of certain species of the poplar (Populus),
and extracted as a sweet white crystalline substance.
<-- p. 1115 -->
Pop`u*los"i*ty (?), n. [L.
populositas: cf. F. populosit\'82.]
Populousness.[Obs.]
Pop"u*lous (?), a. [L.
populosus, fr. populus people: cf. F.
populeux.] 1. Abounding in people;
full of inhabitants; containing many inhabitants in proportion to
the extent of the country.
Heaven, yet populous, retains
Number sufficient to possess her realms.
Milton.
2. Popular; famous. [Obs.]
J. Webster.
3. Common; vulgar. [Obs.]
Arden of Feversham.
4. Numerous; in large number.
[Obs.] \'bdThe dust . . . raised by your