Subject: Bug#3988: Kbd: missing Dvorak keyboard maps.

From: Eddie Maddox <[email-masked]>
Date: Thu, 1 Aug 1996 05:52:48 -0500 (CDT)

Package: kbd
OS: Debian Linux 1.1, 17.JUN.96

1. The Linux keyboard maps, /usr/lib/kbd/keytables/*,
include only one "dvorak" map file.
There are actually 3 dvorak keyboard layouts:
both handed, left handed, right handed.
Please have Linux include map files for all 3 layouts.

2. It would be nice to be able to conveniently have each
terminal/user specify its' chosen keyboard map,
in .bash_profile maybe, rather than just enforcing
one choice at a time on all users as is now the case.

3. It would also be nice to have a convenient command or
magic key sequence for each terminal/user
to toggle or rotate among the maps
or a chosen subset of them at will.
A simple graphic interface/selector comes to mind.

The following 2 file listings were downloaded from the Internet.
I used YaHoo! to search for "dvorak". That's how I found the first
file/home page. It includes some http references.

The second listing is a file from GA0650.EXE that I
expanded after downloading it from links I found searching the first one.
It includes keyboard layout graphics for all 3 layouts.

===============================================================================

                          Dvorak International's FAQ
                                       
  Table of Contents:
  
   [1]What is the Dvorak layout?
   [2]A short history of the Dvorak layout [3]Advantages of the Dvorak
   layout [4]Left and right hand layouts [5]How do I convert my keyboard
   to Dvorak? [6]Where can I get stickers for my keyboard? [7]What typing
   programs are available for learning Dvorak? [8]I already touch type in
   QWERTY. How long will it take to learn Dvorak? [9]Does using the
   Dvorak layout prevent Carpal Tunnel Syndrome? [10]About Dvorak
   International [11]Where can I get more information? [12]I want to give
   you all of my money. Where do I send it?
   
     _________________________________________________________________
                                      
  What is the Dvorak layout?
  
   The Dvorak layout is a different way to arrange the letters on a
   computer keyboard. Different, and MUCH better! With the Dvorak layout,
   ALL of the vowels are on the home row, on the left side. Five of the
   most used consonants are on the home row on the right hand side. (The
   home row of Dvorak is A O E U I D H T N S) The Dvorak layout
   encourages three things:
   
   1) Typing on the home row. 70% of all letters typed are on the home
   row of the Dvorak layout. This compares to 31% for QWERTY.
   
   2) A right-hand / left-hand / right-hand typing pattern. There are
   only a few words that require one-hand typing with the Dvorak layout.
   ("Papaya" is the longest.) There are thousands of words in QWERTY that
   require one-hand typing. (Try a few of these: devastated, exacerbate,
   exaggerated, desegregated, stargazers, stewardess, streetcars,
   sweetbread, aftertaste, reverberated, uphill, killjoy, million,
   minimum, opinion, pumpkin, lollipop, monopoly...)
   
   3) Typing with a strumming motion. The letters are arranged so that a
   strumming pattern, similar to the way a person would strum their
   fingers on a table, is encouraged. This provides more comfort to the
   hands. It is an often overlooked advantage of Dvorak.
   
     _________________________________________________________________
                                      
  A short history of the Dvorak layout
  
   The standard layout of letters on the computer keyboard is called
   QWERTY, for the first six letters on the third row. (Hey, it's easier
   to pronounce than "ASDFGH" or "ZXCVBN"!)
   
   When the first typewriters were being invented, the letters were
   arranged in alphabetical order. The hammers on these typewriters would
   often jam, which was no fun for the user. So Christopher Sholes, the
   inventor of the typewriter, set out to "help" typists by creating a
   layout that would reduce jamming. The end result was a keyboard layout
   that made typing as difficult as possible. This slowed down the
   typist, which achieved the desired result of reducing typewriter jams.
   Since then, QWERTY has become the entrenched standard, questioned by
   few.
   
   In the 1930's August Dvorak and William Dealey studied the English
   language and typing behavior. They created a new layout for the
   typewriter which they called the Simplified Keyboard. This is now
   better known as the Dvorak layout (sorry, Bill). Rather than make
   typing as difficult as possible, the Dvorak layout makes typing as
   easy as possible. The difference is impressive.
   
   Trivia: A remnant of the original alphabetical order of the keys can
   be seen on the home row of QWERTY. Note the keys D F G H J K L.
   
   Historical footnote: Sholes himself strove to improve the keyboard
   layout, as early as 1889! (Remember, the QWERTY layout was needed only
   for the earliest, really clunky typewriters.) Sholes put all the
   vowels on the home row, but his layout was crude, and created before
   the advent of touch typing. While it would have been far better than
   QWERTY, it was not nearly as good as what Dvorak and Dealey would
   later create. It didn't matter anyway. QWERTY had been around for all
   of 16 years, and was already too entrenched to move. 125 years later,
   QWERTY still dominates like a drunken giant.
   
     _________________________________________________________________
                                      
  Advantages of the Dvorak layout
  
   A number of studies have been done that compare Dvorak to QWERTY. It
   doesn't take a psychic to predict that the Dvorak layout always comes
   out on top. The question isn't "Is Dvorak better?" but "How much
   better is Dvorak?"
   
   The Winter 1993 issue of Delta Pi Epsilon carried a study done by Dr.
   Scot Ober called "Relative Efficiencies of the Standard and Dvorak
   Simplified Keyboards". The study was extensive, and here are some of
   his conclusions:
   
   In QWERTY, 31% of typing is done on the home row. In Dvorak, 70%. In
   addition, The Dvorak layout has 35% more right-hand reaches, 63% more
   same-row reaches, 45% more alternate-hand reaches, and 37% less finger
   travel than the QWERTY layout.
   
     _________________________________________________________________
                                      
  Left and right hand layouts
  
   In 1945, during World War II, Colonel Robert Allen lost his right arm.
   Being a writer, he now found typing nearly impossible. He contacted
   August Dvorak and asked for help. Using his previous research, August
   developed keyboard layouts for one handed typists. These are known as
   the Dvorak left hand layout and the Dvorak right hand layout. A few
   months after using the Dvorak left hand layout, the Colonel was typing
   over 50 WPM. (A scientific study comparing of the advantages of the
   Dvorak one-hand layouts to QWERTY has never been done. This would be
   like comparing the life preserving advantages of a life-jacket to a
   cinder block.)
   
     _________________________________________________________________
                                      
  How do I convert my keyboard to Dvorak?
  
   It's easier than you think. You can either buy a keyboard that has the
   Dvorak layout "hard wired" in, or use conversion software. Dvorak
   keyboards cost money, of course, but they have this advantage: you can
   take your keyboard from one computer to the next (if it is the same
   platform) and just plug it in, ready to start typing Dvorak. Software
   conversions have this compelling advantage: they're free.
   
   Software conversions:
   
   If you are using Windows 3.1, the Dvorak layout is a part of the
   operating system. It should be in Windows 95 also.
   
   To activate the Dvorak layout in Windows, follow these steps:
   
   1. Go to the Control Panel
   2. Select "International"
   3. Select "Country = US"
   4. Select "Language = English (American)"
   5. Select "Keyboard = US Dvorak"
   
   The first time you do this, you may be asked to insert an installation
   disk. This is one of the disks that came with Windows (or with your
   computer, if Windows was preinstalled).
   
   For DOS, you need the MS-DOS supplemental disk. For MS-DOS versions
   5.0 thru 6.22, Microsoft makes the MS-DOS Supplemental Disk. It
   contains several utility files, including the Dvorak keyboard layouts.
   [13]Click here to download the MS-DOS Supplemental Disk from
   Microsoft's FTP server. In the MSDOS forum on CompuServe, use
   DOS62S.EXE Phone orders can be placed with the Microsoft Sales
   Information Center at (800) 426-9400.
   
   For the Macintosh, several KCHR's are available online that will add
   the Dvorak layout to your keyboard control panel. Our favorite, not
   surprisingly, is "DI Dvorak layouts", written by Dvorak International.
   This is a set of all three Dvorak layouts. [14]Click here to download
   it from AOL's mirrors directory.
   
   Here are some sources for Dvorak keyboards:
   
    Key Tronic Corporation
    
   Makers of the KB101 PLUS keyboards. They have a Dvorak Conversion Kit
   available for $45.00. This kit includes the necessary keytops, a
   keytop removal tool, installation instructions and a detailed layout
   chart. You can buy the KB101 PLUS for the IBM PC, XT, AT and PS/2
   (PS/2 models require PS/2 adapter kit).
   
   Contact:
   Key Tronic
   PO Box 14687
   Spokane WA 99214-0687
   USA/(509) 928-8000
   FAX: (509) 927-5224
   USA Tech Support: 1-800-262-6006
   Canada: 1-800-348-6006
   
   Europe:
   The Ramparts
   Dundalk, County Louth
   Ireland
   Phone: +353 42 38100
   FAX: +353 42 38309
   
    Keytime
    
   Makers of the Keytimer 105 Plus Keyboard-four layouts built into one
   keyboard (Dvorak two hand, QWERTY, Dvorak left and right hand). With
   the tap of a key it will toggle to the layout of your choice, making
   it ideal for a work or school environment. $199.00. For the Macintosh.
   
   Contact:
   Keytime
   4516 NE 54th
   Seattle WA 98105-2933
   (206) 522-8973
   FAX: (206) 524-2238
   
    Kinesis Corporation
    
   Makers of the Kinesis keyboard. This PC keyboard-first introduced in
   1992-has a comprehensive ergonomic design that addresses the known
   stress factors for keyboard related injuries. The Kinesis Ergonomic
   Keyboard can be purchased with the Dvorak upgrade already installed or
   the upgrade may be purchased separately. The keyboard also supports
   custom layouts. Comes with a three-year limited warranty and 30-day,
   money-back guarantee. The Kinesis keyboard is $390. The Dvorak upgrade
   is $49. Shipping and handling are extra. Note: Compatibility with
   Macintosh and Sun computers requires an interface box, which may be
   purchased separately.
   
   Contact:
   Kinesis Corporation
   22232 17th Avenue Southeast
   Bothell WA 98021-7425
   (800) 454-6374 or (206) 402-8100
   FAX: (206) 402-8181
   
    Northgate Computer Systems
    
   Makes and sells the OmniKey Ultra-T and Ultra-F keyboard ($129.00
   each), the OmniKey 101NI ($89.00) and the OmniKey 102 ($89.00) These
   keyboards have the capability of changing layout configurations. From
   the keyboard you can select QWERTY, Dvorak Standard, Dvorak
   Right-Handed, or Dvorak Left-Handed. In any of its Dvorak
   configurations it is completely transparent to MS-DOS versions 3.x and
   later. Compatible with IBM PC/XT, PS/2 (except model 25) and
   compatibles, AT&T WGS, 6300, 6300WGS, 6300 Plus, Amiga 200 and 2500,
   Tandy 100SX and 100TX and Wyse. Shipping and handling not included.
   
   Contact:
   Northgate Computer Systems
   141 North Jonathan Blvd.
   Chaska MN 55318
   (800) 548-1993
   FAX: 1 (612) 361-5181
   International inquiries: 1(612) 361-5000
   
     _________________________________________________________________
                                      
  Where can I get stickers for my keyboard?
  
   You can try pulling the keycaps off your keyboard and rearranging
   them, but a more elegant solution is to buy a set of stickers
   (overlays) for your keyboard. Two sources for overlays are:
   
    Hooleon Corporation
    
   Source for various keycap overlays, including Dvorak only, and
   overlays that have both Dvorak and QWERTY layouts, to accommodate
   switching back and forth on the same keyboard.
   
   Contact:
   Hooleon Corp.
   260 Justin Dr.
   Cottonwood AZ 86326
   (800) 937-1337 (602) 634-7515 FAX: (602) 634-4620
   
    Keytime
    
   Nice and simple clear sticker overlays. They let you see the QWERTY
   layout underneath. Good for sharing your keyboard with unenlightened
   friends. $12.50.
   
   Contact:
   Keytime
   4516 NE 54th
   Seattle WA 98105-2933
   (206) 522-8973
   FAX: (206) 524-2238
   
     _________________________________________________________________
                                      
  What typing programs are available for learning Dvorak?
  
   Mavis Beacon Teaches Typing is one. Keytime (listed above) also has a
   typing package that teaches the Dvorak layout. Dvorak International
   has a short typing book called Touch Typing Dvorak that was written
   specifically for the Dvorak layout.
   
     _________________________________________________________________
                                      
  I already touch type in QWERTY. How long will it take to learn Dvorak?
  
   That depends on the individual, and what they are trying to
   accomplish. For the person who is ready to dump QWERTY for good,
   relearning takes about two weeks. Some QWERTY typists experience a few
   lingering mis-strikes for several months after learning Dvorak, but
   the reported problems are considered minor by the typists, and are far
   outweighed by the new benefits of typing Dvorak.
   
   Typists trying to retain their QWERTY skills while learning Dvorak
   have mixed results. Learning Dvorak for them takes about a month, on
   average. Also, while some have no trouble keeping the two layouts
   straight in their heads (they liken it to learning a new language),
   others find that ultimately it is just too confusing. These people
   then have to make a decision as to which layout they want to spent the
   rest of their lives using.
   
     _________________________________________________________________
                                      
  Does using the Dvorak layout prevent Carpal Tunnel Syndrome?
  
   At this point in time, there aren't any authorities willing to say
   that any specific thing either definitely causes or prevents Carpal
   Tunnel Syndrome. With all the potential lawsuits and worker
   compensation claims, it isn't hard to see why that may be. There are
   plenty of personal accounts from people who have said that switching
   to Dvorak has made a difference. Considering that Dvorak was made to
   make typing easier, and QWERTY designed to make typing harder, one can
   at least conclude that switching to Dvorak might be beneficial. It
   certainly won't make things worse!
   
     _________________________________________________________________
                                      
  About Dvorak International
  
   We are a nonprofit organization that provides help to individuals,
   schools, businesses and other groups that wish to convert to the
   Dvorak keyboard layouts. We provide general information about the
   Dvorak keyboard layout and publish Striking Home, a quarterly
   newsletter.
   
   Contact:
   Dvorak International
   PO Box 44
   Poultney, VT 05764-0044
   (802) 287-2434
   e-mail: [email-masked]
   
     _________________________________________________________________
                                      
  Where can I get more information?
  
   Striking Home, the quarterly newsletter of Dvorak International, is
   the best place to get current information about the Dvorak layout.
   Subscription rates are $12 per year, US funds. We also have an up to
   date listing of Dvorak products - who has them and where you can get
   them. This is currently in printed form only. The cost is $2. Then
   there is the book published by Freelance Communications called The
   Dvorak Keyboard. I'm going to make you guess what it is about. The
   Dvorak Keyboard can be obtained from Dvorak International or directly
   from Freelance Communications. Their address is: Freelance
   Communications / PO Box 1895 / Upland CA 91785. Price is $12.95.
   
     _________________________________________________________________
                                      
  I want to give you all of my money. Where do I send it?
  
   The headquarters of Dvorak International is a large, modern complex,
   which on any typical day sees dozens of paid professionals hard at
   work - not! Try this: Dvorak International is run by ONE volunteer
   (me) working long hours promoting the Dvorak layout on an
   international scale - after getting home from an 8 hour job that pays
   the bills and supports my family. It is gratifying when enough support
   comes in (read $$$) to meet the monthly expenses of Dvorak
   International.
   
   If you would like to help promote the Dvorak layout, there is no more
   practical way than to make a donation to Dvorak International. Checks
   of any size are cheerfully accepted. The most popular sum is $30, but
   believe me, I'm not picky! Send donations to: Dvorak International /
   PO Box 44 / Poultney VT 05764-0044.
   
   If you would like to help promote the Dvorak layout in other ways,
   please contact me. I would like to hear your ideas.
   
   Steve Ingram
   President
   Dvorak International
   
   (July 1995)

References

   1. http://www.cs.washington.edu/homes/dylan/DvorakIntl.html#What
   2. http://www.cs.washington.edu/homes/dylan/DvorakIntl.html#History
   3. http://www.cs.washington.edu/homes/dylan/DvorakIntl.html#Advantages
   4. http://www.cs.washington.edu/homes/dylan/DvorakIntl.html#Handedness
   5. http://www.cs.washington.edu/homes/dylan/DvorakIntl.html#Coversion
   6. http://www.cs.washington.edu/homes/dylan/DvorakIntl.html#Stickers
   7. http://www.cs.washington.edu/homes/dylan/DvorakIntl.html#Programs
   8. http://www.cs.washington.edu/homes/dylan/DvorakIntl.html#Learning
   9. http://www.cs.washington.edu/homes/dylan/DvorakIntl.html#RSI
  10. http://www.cs.washington.edu/homes/dylan/DvorakIntl.html#About
  11. http://www.cs.washington.edu/homes/dylan/DvorakIntl.html#Info
  12. http://www.cs.washington.edu/homes/dylan/DvorakIntl.html#DvorakIntl
  13. ftp://ftp.microsoft.com/softlib/mslfiles/DOS62SP.EXE
  14. ftp://mirrors.aol.com/pub/mac/util/organization/dvoraklayouts.sit.hqx

===============================================================================

======================================================================
  Microsoft(R) Product Support Services Application Note (Text File)
                    GA0650: DVORAK KEYBOARD LAYOUTS
======================================================================
                                                   Revision Date: 3/96
                                                       1 Disk Included

The following information applies to Microsoft MS-DOS(R), Windows(R),
Windows for Workgroups, Windows NT(R), and Windows 95 (see below for
version numbers).

 --------------------------------------------------------------------
| INFORMATION PROVIDED IN THIS DOCUMENT AND ANY SOFTWARE THAT MAY    |
| ACCOMPANY THIS DOCUMENT (collectively referred to as an            |
| Application Note) IS PROVIDED "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY      |
| KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO    |
| THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND/OR FITNESS FOR A     |
| PARTICULAR PURPOSE. The user assumes the entire risk as to the     |
| accuracy and the use of this Application Note. This Application    |
| Note may be copied and distributed subject to the following        |
| conditions: 1) All text must be copied without modification and    |
| all pages must be included; 2) If software is included, all files  |
| on the disk(s) must be copied without modification [the MS-DOS     |
| utility DISKCOPY is appropriate for this purpose]; 3) All          |
| components of this Application Note must be distributed together;  |
| and 4) This Application Note may not be distributed for profit.    |
|                                                                    |
| Copyright 1996 Microsoft Corporation. All Rights Reserved.         |
| Microsoft, MS-DOS, Windows, and Windows NT are registered          |
| trademarks of Microsoft Corporation.                               |
|                                                                    | 
| Intel is a registered trademark of Intel Corporation.              |
| This document was created using Word for Windows.                  |
 --------------------------------------------------------------------

This Application Note applies to MS-DOS 5.0, 6.0, 6.2, 6.21, or 6.22,
Windows 3.1, Windows for Workgroups 3.1 or 3.11, Windows NT 3.1, 3.5,
or 3.51, and Microsoft Windows 95.

INTRODUCTION
============  

Microsoft distributes Dvorak keyboard layouts that make the most 
frequently typed characters on a keyboard more accessible to people 
who have difficulty using the standard "QWERTY" layout. There are 
three Dvorak layouts: one for two-handed users, one for people who 
type only with their left hand, and one for people who type only with 
their right hand. The left- or right-hand keyboard layouts can also be 
used by people who type with a wand.

The enclosed disk includes files that provide new keyboard layouts for 
Microsoft MS-DOS 5.0, 6.0, 6.2, 6.21, or 6.22, Windows 3.1, Windows 
for Workgroups 3.1 or 3.11, Windows NT 3.1, 3.5, or 3.51, and 
Microsoft Windows 95.

This application note explains how to install these layouts and 
restore your original layout. It also provides illustrations of the 
layouts.

WHAT IS A KEYBOARD LAYOUT?
==========================

A keyboard layout is a map or a definition of how keys are laid out on 
your keyboard. The keyboard layout you use is determined by software 
in your computer. The letters on your keys indicate the standard 
layout for your keyboard. There are many different keyboard layouts in 
use throughout the world. The one you ordinarily use depends on the 
country you are in or the language you use.

Dvorak Keyboard Layouts
-----------------------

Dvorak keyboard layouts are based on designs created by Dr. August 
Dvorak, a professor at the University of Washington during the 1930s 
and 1940s. Dr. Dvorak studied the way people type standard English, 
and determined the most common letter combinations. He then designed 
new keyboard layouts to speed up typing and reduce fatigue. These 
layouts, now called Dvorak or simplified keyboard layouts, were 
initially developed for two-handed typists. Following World War II, 
Dvorak layouts were developed for typists who use the right or left 
hand alone.

INSTALLING A DVORAK KEYBOARD LAYOUT FOR MS-DOS
==============================================

This Application Note provides the Dvorak.sys file. This file supports 
the Dvorak keyboard layouts for two-handed and single-handed typists 
who use MS-DOS 5.0, 6.0, 6.2, 6.21, or 6.22.

To Install a United States (U.S.) Dvorak Keyboard Layout for MS-DOS
-------------------------------------------------------------------

 1. If you received a disk with this Application Note, insert the disk
    in the appropriate floppy disk drive.

    If you downloaded this Application Note from an online service,
    skip to step 2. This procedure assumes that you have already
    downloaded and extracted the compressed file.

 2. Copy the Dvorak.sys file from the GA0650 disk or from the folder
    containing the file you downloaded from an online service to your
    MS-DOS directory by typing the following command at the MS-DOS
    command prompt and pressing ENTER:

       copy <drive>:\dvorak.sys <destination>

    where <drive> is the floppy disk drive containing the GA0650 disk
    or the folder containing the file you downloaded from an online
    service and <destination> is the drive and directory where your
    MS-DOS files reside. For example, if you inserted the GA0650 disk
    in drive A and your MS-DOS directory is called DOS and is on drive
    C, type the following line at the MS-DOS command prompt and press
    ENTER:

       copy a:\dvorak.sys c:\dos\dvorak.sys

 3. To begin using one of the new keyboard layouts, type the
    appropriate command (as shown in the table below) at the MS-DOS
    command prompt and press ENTER:

       Keyboard Layout     Command
       Two-handed          keyb dv,,c:\dos\dvorak.sys
       Right-handed        keyb rh,,c:\dos\dvorak.sys
       Left-handed         keyb lh,,c:\dos\dvorak.sys

To load one of these keyboard layouts automatically when your computer 
starts, include the appropriate KEYB command in your Autoexec.bat 
file. The KEYB command should be placed after a PATH command that 
includes your MS-DOS directory. If your Autoexec.bat file includes the 
WIN or DOSSHELL command, make sure the KEYB command comes before the 
WIN or DOSSHELL command.

Once you have loaded one of the Dvorak layouts, you can easily switch 
between the Dvorak layout and the U.S. standard layout. To switch back 
to the U.S. standard layout, press CTRL+ALT+F1. To switch to the 
Dvorak layout, press CTRL+ALT+F2.

To Disable the United States (U.S.) Dvorak Keyboard Layout for MS-DOS
---------------------------------------------------------------------

To disable the United States (U.S.) Dvorak keyboard layout for MS-DOS, 
open the Autoexec.bat file (with a text editor such as MS-DOS Editor), 
delete the line with the KEYB command, save the file, and restart your 
computer.

INSTALLING A DVORAK KEYBOARD LAYOUT FOR
WINDOWS 3.1 OR WINDOWS FOR WORKGROUPS
======================================== 

This Application Note provides the Kbdusr.dll and Kbdusl.dll files. 
These files support the Dvorak keyboard layouts for Windows 3.1 or 
Windows for Workgroups 3.1 or 3.11 users who type with the right hand 
or left hand alone. Windows already includes the U.S. Dvorak keyboard 
layout for users who type with two hands.

NOTE: If you use MS-DOS-based programs with Windows, you must install 
the Dvorak layouts for MS-DOS in order to get Dvorak support for those 
programs. For instructions, see the previous section, "Installing a 
Dvorak Keyboard Layout for MS-DOS."

To Install the U.S. Dvorak Keyboard Layout for Two-Handed Typists
-----------------------------------------------------------------

 1. Run Control Panel.

 2. In Control Panel, double-click the International icon. The
    International dialog box appears.

 3. In the Keyboard Layout box, click US-Dvorak.

 4. Click OK.

To disable the two-handed Dvorak layout and restore your original 
layout, follow the steps in the preceding procedure. In step 3, choose 
your original layout.

To Install a U.S. Dvorak Keyboard Layout for Single-Handed Typists
------------------------------------------------------------------

 1. If you received a disk with this Application Note, insert the disk
    in the appropriate floppy disk drive.

    If you downloaded this Application Note from an online service,
    skip to step 2. This procedure assumes that you have already
    downloaded and extracted the compressed file.

 2. If you want to use the right-handed Dvorak layout, copy the
    Kbdusr.dll file to the Windows\System folder on your hard disk. If
    you want to use the left-handed Dvorak layout, copy the Kbdusl.dll
    file to the Windows\System folder on your hard disk. You can do
    this by typing the following command at the MS-DOS command prompt
    and pressing ENTER:

       copy <drive>:\<progname> <destination>

    where <drive> is the floppy disk drive containing the GA0650 disk
    or the folder containing the file you downloaded from an online
    service, <progname> is Kbdusr.dll for the right-handed layout or
    Kbdusl.dll for the left-handed layout, and <destination> is the
    drive and folder for the Windows\System folder.

    For example, if you inserted the GA0650 disk in drive A and your
    Windows folder is called Windows and is on drive C, type one of
    the following commands at the MS-DOS command prompt:

       copy a:\kbdusr.dll c:\windows\system\kbdusr.dll

       -or-

       copy a:\kbdusl.dll c:\windows\system\kdbusl.dll

    If you are using a shared copy of Windows that is installed on a
    network server, copy the file to your private Windows folder.

 3. Use a text editor, such as Notepad, to open the System.ini file in
    the Windows folder.

 4. Find the section that begins with the following line:

       [keyboard]

 5. Within the [keyboard] section, find the following line:

       keyboard.dll=

 6. Depending on which keyboard layout you want to use, type
    KBDUSL.DLL or KBDUSR.DLL after the equal sign (=). When you are
    finished, the line should look like one of the following lines:

       keyboard.dll=kbdusl.dll

         -or-

       keyboard.dll=kbdusr.dll

 7. Save the System.ini file. 

 8. Quit and then restart Windows.

To Disable the Single-Handed Layout and
Restore Your Original Windows Keyboard Layout
---------------------------------------------

 1. Run Control Panel.

 2. In Control Panel, double-click the International icon. The
    International dialog box appears.

 3. In the Keyboard Layout box, click the keyboard layout you
    previously used.

 4. Click OK.

INSTALLING A DVORAK KEYBOARD LAYOUT FOR WINDOWS NT 3.1, 3.5, OR 3.51
====================================================================

To Install a U.S. Dvorak Keyboard Layout for Two-Handed Typists
---------------------------------------------------------------

 1. Run Control Panel.

 2. In Control Panel, double-click the International icon. The
    International dialog box appears.

 3. In the Keyboard Layout box, click US-Dvorak.

 4. Click OK.

To disable the two-handed Dvorak layout and restore your original 
layout, follow the steps in the preceding procedure. In step 3, choose 
your original layout.

To Install a U.S. Dvorak Keyboard Layout for Single-Handed Typists
------------------------------------------------------------------

NOTE: The Dvorak single-handed keyboard layouts support only Intel(R) 
processors. They do not support RISC processors at this time.

 1. If there is an Oemlay0.inf file in the Windows NT\System32 folder,
    rename it with a unique file name. For example, rename it
    Oemlay1.inf (if there is not already an Oemlay1.inf file in the
    System32 folder) with the following command:

       ren c:\winnt\system32\oemlay0.inf c:\winnt\system32\oemlay1.inf

    NOTE: When you rename an Oemlayn.inf file, choose the next unused
    number to ensure Windows NT reads all the Oemlayn.inf files
    correctly (where n is a number). For example, if you have three
    Oemlay.inf files (Oemlay0.inf, Oemlay1.inf, and Oemlay2.inf),
    rename Oemlay0.inf to Oemlay3.inf.

 2. If you received a disk with this Application Note, insert the disk
    in the appropriate floppy disk drive.

    If you downloaded this Application Note from an online service,
    skip to step 3. This procedure assumes that you have already
    downloaded and extracted the compressed file.

 3. Copy the Oemlay0.inf file from the GA0650 disk or the folder
    containing the file you downloaded from an online service to the
    Windows NT\System32 folder on the hard disk. You can do this by
    typing the following command at the MS-DOS command prompt and
    pressing ENTER:

       copy <drive>:\oemlay0.inf <destination>

    where <drive> is the floppy disk drive containing the GA0650 disk
    or the folder containing the file you downloaded from an online
    service and <destination> is the drive and folder for the Windows
    NT\System32 folder.

    For example, if the GA0650 disk is in drive A and your Windows NT
    folder is called WINNT and is on drive C, type the following
    command at the MS-DOS command prompt and press ENTER:

 4. Run Control Panel.

 5. In Control Panel, double-click the International icon. The
    International dialog box appears.

 6. In the Keyboard Layout box, click US Left Single-Handed Layout or
    US Right Single-Handed Layout.

 7. Click OK. Windows NT prompts you to type the path to the Kbdrh.dll
    or Kbdlh.dll file.

 8. Type the path to the floppy disk drive that contains the GA0650
    disk or to the folder containing the file you downloaded from an
    online service.

    For example, if you put the disk in drive A, you would type the
    following:

       a:

 9. Click Continue.

To Disable the Single-Handed Layout and
Restore Your Original Windows NT Keyboard Layout
------------------------------------------------

 1. Run Control Panel.

 2. In Control Panel, double-click the International icon. The
    International dialog box appears.

 3. In the Keyboard Layout box, click the keyboard layout you
    previously used.

 4. Click OK.

INSTALLING A DVORAK KEYBOARD LAYOUT FOR WINDOWS 95
==================================================

To Install a U.S. Dvorak Keyboard Layout for Two-Handed Typists
---------------------------------------------------------------

NOTE: If you use MS-DOS-based programs with Windows 95, you must 
install the Dvorak layouts for MS-DOS in order to get Dvorak support 
for those programs. For instructions, see the previous section, 
"Installing a Dvorak Keyboard Layout for MS-DOS."

 1. In Control Panel, double-click the Keyboard icon. Or, in Control
    Panel, select the Keyboard icon with the ARROW keys and then press
    ENTER.

 2. Click the Language tab. Or, select the Language tab by pressing
    CTRL+TAB.

 3. Click the language to which you want to add the Dvorak layout, and
    then click Properties. Or, use the ARROW keys to select the
    language to which you want to add the Dvorak layout, press TAB
    until Properties is selected, and then press ENTER.

 4. In the Keyboard Layout box, click United States-Dvorak, and then
    click OK. Or, use the ARROW keys to select United States-Dvorak,
    and then press ENTER.

 5. Click OK. Or, press TAB until OK is selected, and then press
    ENTER.

To Install a U.S. Dvorak Keyboard Layout for Single-Handed Typists
------------------------------------------------------------------

 1. If you received a disk with this Application Note, insert the disk
    in the appropriate floppy disk drive.

    If you downloaded this Application Note from an online service,
    skip to step 2. This procedure assumes that you have already
    downloaded and extracted the compressed file.

 2. Use Windows Explorer or My Computer to copy the following files
    from the GA0650 disk or the folder containing the file you
    downloaded from an online service to an empty folder on the hard
    disk:

       Dvoraklr.inf
       Kbddvl.kbd
       Kbddvr.kbd
       Multilng.inf

 3. In Windows Explorer or My Computer, use the right mouse button to
    click the Dvoraklr.inf file you copied to the new folder in step
    2, and then click Install on the menu that appears. Or, use the
    ARROW keys to select the Dvoraklr.inf file, and then press
    SHIFT+F10.

 4. In Control Panel, double-click the Keyboard icon. Or, in Control
    Panel, select the Keyboard icon with the ARROW keys and then press
    ENTER.

 5. Click the Language tab. Or, select the Language tab by pressing
    CTRL+TAB.

 6. Click the language to which you want to add the Dvorak layout, and
    then click Properties. Or, use the ARROW keys to select the
    language to which you want to add the Dvorak layout, press TAB
    until Properties is selected, and then press ENTER.

 7. In the Keyboard Layout box, click either United States-LH Dvorak
    for left-handed typists or United States-RH Dvorak for right-
    handed typists, and then click OK. Or, use the ARROW keys to
    select either United States-LH Dvorak for left-handed typists or
    United States-RH for right-handed typists, and then press ENTER.

 8. Click OK. Or, press TAB until OK is selected, and then press
    ENTER.

To Disable the Dvorak Layout and
Restore Your Original Windows 95 Keyboard Layout
------------------------------------------------

 1. In Control Panel, double-click the Keyboard icon. Or, in Control
    Panel, select the Keyboard icon with the ARROW keys and then press
    ENTER.

 2. Click the Language tab. Or, select the Language tab by pressing
    CTRL+TAB.

 3. Click the language from which you want to remove the Dvorak
    layout, and then click Properties. Or, use the ARROW keys to
    select the language from which you want to remove the Dvorak
    layout, press TAB until Properties is selected, and then press
    ENTER.

 4. In the Keyboard Layout box, click the layout you previously used,
    and then click OK. Or, use the ARROW keys to select the layout you
    previously used, and then press ENTER.

 5. Click OK. Or, press TAB until OK is selected, and then press
    ENTER.

To Switch Between a Dvorak Layout and Another Layout
----------------------------------------------------

You may need to switch back and forth between the Dvorak layout and 
another layout. An easy way to do this is to set up the Dvorak layout 
as another language, and then switch back and forth between languages. 
To do so, follow these steps:

 1. Make sure the Dvorak layout you want to use is already installed
    and operational on your computer. Refer to the previous sections
    if you need instructions for installing the Dvorak layout.

 2. Follow the instructions in the "To disable the Dvorak layout and
    restore your original Windows 95 keyboard layout" section above to
    restore your original layout.

 3. In Control Panel, double-click the Keyboard icon. Or, in Control
    Panel, select the Keyboard icon with the ARROW keys and then press
    ENTER.

 4. Click the Language tab. Or, select the Language tab by pressing
    CTRL+TAB.

 5. Click Add, or press ALT+D.

 6. In the Language box, click a language other than the language you
    are currently using, and then click OK. Or, use the ARROW keys to
    select a language other than the language you are currently using,
    and then press ENTER.
 
    NOTE: It does not matter which language you choose, because the
    Dvorak layout will be applied to the language instead of the
    normal keyboard layout for that language. It is helpful to choose
    a language that has a different two-letter code to indicate which
    language is in use. We recommend choosing Danish because it uses
    "Da" as its two-letter code, which might be helpful in
    distinguishing it as the Dvorak layout.

 7. Click the language to which you want to add the Dvorak layout, and
    then click Properties. Or, use the ARROW keys to select the
    language to which you want to add the Dvorak layout, press TAB
    until Properties is selected, and then press ENTER.

    NOTE: Make sure to apply the Dvorak layout to the new language,
    and not to the "English (United States)" language. 

 8. In the Keyboard Layout box, click United States-Dvorak for two-
    handed typists, United States-LH Dvorak for left-handed typists,
    or United States-RH Dvorak for right-handed typists, and then
    click OK. Or, use the ARROW keys to select United States-Dvorak
    for two-handed typists, United States-LH Dvorak for left-handed
    typists, or United States-RH for right-handed typists, and then
    press ENTER.

 9. In the Switch Languages box, click the option you want to use to
    switch languages. Or, press TAB until the selection enters the
    Switch Languages box, and then use the ARROW keys to select the
    option you want.

10. If you want a constant language indicator on the screen, click the
    Enable Indicator On Taskbar check box to select it. Or, press TAB
    until Enable Indicator On Taskbar is selected, and then press
    SPACE BAR to place a check mark in the check box.

11. Click OK. Or, press TAB until OK is selected, and then press
    ENTER. 

    NOTE: If you enabled the Enable Indicator On Taskbar option, you
    can click the two-letter language code on the taskbar and then
    click the language you want to use. You can also use the right
    mouse button to click the two-letter code and then click What's
    This for help or Properties to open Keyboard properties.

LEARNING TO USE THE DVORAK KEYBOARD LAYOUTS
===========================================

The illustrations on the next page can help you learn a new keyboard 
layout. You may want to take a class or purchase stickers to put on 
your keys so that you can see the new layout as you type. For 
information about classes and stickers, contact:

    KEYTIME
    4516 NE 54th St.
    Seattle, WA  98105-2933 
    (206) 522-TYPE (522-8973)
    (207) 524-2238 (fax)

STANDARD QWERTY KEYBOARD LAYOUT
--------------------------------------------
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--------------------------------------------
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--------------------------------------------
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--------------------------------------------
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--------------------------------------------

TWO-HANDED DVORAK KEYBOARD LAYOUT
--------------------------------------------
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--------------------------------------------
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--------------------------------------------
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--------------------------------------------
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--------------------------------------------

RIGHT SINGLE-HANDED DVORAK KEYBOARD LAYOUT
--------------------------------------------
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 `  1  2  3  4  J  L  M  F  P  /  [  ]  bks
--------------------------------------------
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--------------------------------------------
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--------------------------------------------
       (  )     <                 "
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--------------------------------------------

LEFT SINGLE-HANDED DVORAD KEYBOARD LAYOUT
--------------------------------------------
 ~  {  }  ?                 $  #  @  !
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--------------------------------------------
     :                       >  ^  %  +  |
 tb  ;  Q  B  Y  U  R  S  O  . 6  5  =  \
--------------------------------------------
 cps  _                          *  &
 lck  -  K  C  D  T  H  E  A  Z  8  7  entr
--------------------------------------------
       "                    <  )  (
 shft  '  X  G  V  W  N  I  ,  0  9   shft
--------------------------------------------

===============================================================================