; ct2gcal.awk output ; ; Absolutely NO warrenty! ; ; # CalenTool V2.2 - nflag=1 range=1,12 - DO NOT REMOVE THIS LINE ;# CalenTool V2.2 - nflag=1 range=1,12 - DO NOT REMOVE THIS LINE # $Header: computing,v 2.3 91/03/07 16:21:05 billr Exp $ ;# $Header: computing,v 2.3 91/03/07 16:21:05 billr Exp $ # Events in the history of computing ;# Events in the history of computing # Special days file for calentool (rel 2.1); modified from network posting by ;# Special days file for calentool (rel 2.1); modified from network posting by # RPC Rodgers, UCSF, Nov. 1988 and ;# RPC Rodgers, UCSF, Nov. 1988 and # special events of history, provided by ;# special events of history, provided by # Clarke Thacher ;# Clarke Thacher ** 01 01 99 99 00 AT&T officially divests its local Bell companies (1984) 00000101 AT&T officially divests its local Bell companies (1984)%s19840101 ** 01 01 99 99 00 The Epoch (Time 0 for UNIX systems) (Midnight GMT, 1970) 00000101 The Epoch (Time 0 for UNIX systems) (Midnight GMT, 1970)%s19700101 ** 01 01 99 99 00 The contract to develop EDVAC began. (1945) 00000101 The contract to develop EDVAC began. (1945)%s19450101 ** 01 03 99 99 00 Apple Computer was incorporated. (1977) 00000103 Apple Computer was incorporated. (1977)%s19770103 ** 01 03 99 99 00 BSD UNIX 3.0 released (1980) 00000103 BSD UNIX 3.0 released (1980)%s19800103 ** 01 05 99 99 00 First written reference to SIMULA. (1962) 00000105 First written reference to SIMULA. (1962)%s19620105 ** 01 08 99 99 00 American Telephone & Telegraph loses antitrust case (1982) 00000108 American Telephone & Telegraph loses antitrust case (1982)%s19820108 ** 01 08 99 99 00 Herman Hollerith patents first data processing computer (1889) 00000108 Herman Hollerith patents first data processing computer (1889)%s18890108 ** 01 08 99 99 00 Joseph Weizenbaum, Pioneer AI researcher (1923) 00000108 Joseph Weizenbaum, Pioneer AI researcher (1923)%s19230108 ** 01 08 99 99 00 Justice Dept. drops IBM suit (1982) 00000108 Justice Dept. drops IBM suit (1982)%s19820108 ** 01 10 99 99 00 Donald Knuth, Author of the Art Of Computer Programming (????) 00000110 Donald Knuth, Author of the Art Of Computer Programming (????) ** 01 10 99 99 00 First CDC 1604 delivered to Navy (1960) 00000110 First CDC 1604 delivered to Navy (1960)%s19600110 ** 01 11 99 99 00 Committee convened to develop Algol 60. (1960) 00000111 Committee convened to develop Algol 60. (1960)%s19600111 ** 01 12 99 99 00 First CDC 1604 delivered. (1960) 00000112 First CDC 1604 delivered. (1960)%s19600112 ** 01 15 99 99 00 Apple announces the Macintosh. (1984) 00000115 Apple announces the Macintosh. (1984)%s19840115 ** 01 16 99 99 00 Set uid bit patent issued (1979) 00000116 Set uid bit patent issued (1979)%s19790116 ** 01 17 99 99 00 Justice Dept. begins IBM antitrust suit (1969) 00000117 Justice Dept. begins IBM antitrust suit (1969)%s19690117 ** 01 21 99 99 00 IFIP (International Federation of Information Processing) was founded. (1960) 00000121 IFIP (International Federation of Information Processing) was founded. (1960)%s19600121 ** 01 24 99 99 00 Data General Nova computer introduced (1969) 00000124 Data General Nova computer introduced (1969)%s19690124 ** 01 25 99 99 00 First U.S. meeting of ALGOL definition committee (1958) 00000125 First U.S. meeting of ALGOL definition committee (1958)%s19580125 ** 01 26 99 99 00 EDVAC demonstrated (1952) 00000126 EDVAC demonstrated (1952)%s19520126 ** 01 28 99 99 00 William Burroughs, Founder of Burroughs Computer Corp. (1855) 00000128 William Burroughs, Founder of Burroughs Computer Corp. (1855)%s18550128 ** 01 31 99 99 00 Hewlett-Packard Company founded (1939) 00000131 Hewlett-Packard Company founded (1939)%s19390131 ** 02 01 99 99 00 Remington Rand bought Eckert-Mauchly Corporation. (1950) 00000201 Remington Rand bought Eckert-Mauchly Corporation. (1950)%s19500201 ** 02 02 99 99 00 An Wang, Founder of Wang Laboratories. (1920) 00000202 An Wang, Founder of Wang Laboratories. (1920)%s19200202 ** 02 04 99 99 00 Cybernet inaugurated (1969) 00000204 Cybernet inaugurated (1969)%s19690204 ** 02 11 99 99 00 Last day of JOSS service at RAND Corp. (1966) 00000211 Last day of JOSS service at RAND Corp. (1966)%s19660211 ** 02 11 99 99 00 Richard Hamming, Inventor of the Hamming Code. (1915) 00000211 Richard Hamming, Inventor of the Hamming Code. (1915)%s19150211 ** 02 14 99 99 00 Texas Instruments patents first micro-on-a-chip (1978) 00000214 Texas Instruments patents first micro-on-a-chip (1978)%s19780214 ** 02 15 99 99 00 ENIAC demonstrated (1946) 00000215 ENIAC demonstrated (1946)%s19460215 ** 02 17 99 99 00 Thomas J. Watson Sr., Papa IBM (THINK) (1874) 00000217 Thomas J. Watson Sr., Papa IBM (THINK) (1874)%s18740217 ** 02 20 99 99 00 Kenneth Olsen, Founder and president of DEC. (1930) 00000220 Kenneth Olsen, Founder and president of DEC. (1930)%s19300220 ** 02 24 99 99 00 Steven Jobs, Cofounder of Apple. (1955) 00000224 Steven Jobs, Cofounder of Apple. (1955)%s19550224 ** 02 25 99 99 00 HP stock splits 2 for 1 at $103.28 a share (1970) 00000225 HP stock splits 2 for 1 at $103.28 a share (1970)%s19700225 ** 02 29 99 99 00 Herman Hollerith, Invented the keypunch. (1860) 00000229 Herman Hollerith, Invented the keypunch. (1860)%s18600229 ** 03 01 99 99 00 First NPL (later PL/I) report published (1964) 00000301 First NPL (later PL/I) report published (1964)%s19640301 ** 03 01 99 99 00 Seymour Papert, AI researcher, and inventor of LOGO. (1928) 00000301 Seymour Papert, AI researcher, and inventor of LOGO. (1928)%s19280301 ** 03 04 99 99 00 The first CRAY-I was shipped to Los Alamos Labs. (1976) 00000304 The first CRAY-I was shipped to Los Alamos Labs. (1976)%s19760304 ** 03 06 99 99 00 Adam Osborne, Father of the Osborne I. (1939) 00000306 Adam Osborne, Father of the Osborne I. (1939)%s19390306 ** 03 08 99 99 00 Howard Aiken, The creator of MARK I; hated T. J. Watson. (1900) 00000308 Howard Aiken, The creator of MARK I; hated T. J. Watson. (1900)%s19000308 ** 03 09 99 99 00 Edsgar Dijkstra published "Go To Statement Considered Harmful". (1968) 00000309 Edsgar Dijkstra published "Go To Statement Considered Harmful". (1968)%s19680309 ** 03 13 99 99 00 Digital Equipment Corp introduces the PDP-11 minicomputer. (1970) 00000313 Digital Equipment Corp introduces the PDP-11 minicomputer. (1970)%s19700313 ** 03 14 99 99 00 LISP introduced (1960) 00000314 LISP introduced (1960)%s19600314 ** 03 16 99 99 00 Amdahl was incorporated. (1972) 00000316 Amdahl was incorporated. (1972)%s19720316 ** 03 20 99 99 00 BSD UNIX 4.2 released (1983) 00000320 BSD UNIX 4.2 released (1983)%s19830320 ** 03 27 99 99 00 LINC demonstrated. (1962) 00000327 LINC demonstrated. (1962)%s19620327 ** 03 28 99 99 00 DEC announces PDP-11 (1970) 00000328 DEC announces PDP-11 (1970)%s19700328 ** 03 30 99 99 00 UNIVAC I turned over to the Bureau of the Census. (1962) 00000330 UNIVAC I turned over to the Bureau of the Census. (1962)%s19620330 ** 03 31 99 99 00 Eckert-Mauchly Computer Corp. founded, Phila (1946) 00000331 Eckert-Mauchly Computer Corp. founded, Phila (1946)%s19460331 ** 04 03 99 99 00 IBM 701 introduced (1953) 00000403 IBM 701 introduced (1953)%s19530403 ** 04 04 99 99 00 Tandy Corp. acquires Radio Shack, 1963 (9 stores) 00000404 Tandy Corp. acquires Radio Shack, 1963 (9 stores) ** 04 06 99 99 00 Cray Research was founded. (1972) 00000406 Cray Research was founded. (1972)%s19720406 ** 04 07 99 99 00 IBM announces System/360 (1964) 00000407 IBM announces System/360 (1964)%s19640407 ** 04 09 99 99 00 ENIAC Project begun (1943) 00000409 ENIAC Project begun (1943)%s19430409 ** 04 09 99 99 00 J. Presper Eckert, Co-inventer of ENIAC. (1919) 00000409 J. Presper Eckert, Co-inventer of ENIAC. (1919)%s19190409 ** 04 15 99 99 00 Data General was founded. (1968) 00000415 Data General was founded. (1968)%s19680415 ** 04 17 99 99 00 System 360 was introduced. (1966) 00000417 System 360 was introduced. (1966)%s19660417 ** 04 28 99 99 00 Zilog Z-80 introduced 00000428 Zilog Z-80 introduced ** 04 30 99 99 00 Edward Yourdon, Structured Zealot. (1944) 00000430 Edward Yourdon, Structured Zealot. (1944)%s19440430 ** 04 30 99 99 00 George Stibitz, Computer pioneer at Bell Labs. (1904) 00000430 George Stibitz, Computer pioneer at Bell Labs. (1904)%s19040430 ** 05 01 99 99 00 First BASIC program run at Dartmouth (1964) 00000501 First BASIC program run at Dartmouth (1964)%s19640501 ** 05 06 99 99 00 EDSAC demonstrated (1949) 00000506 EDSAC demonstrated (1949)%s19490506 ** 05 10 99 99 00 BSD UNIX 2.0 released (1979) 00000510 BSD UNIX 2.0 released (1979)%s19790510 ** 05 11 99 99 00 Jay Forrester patents computer core memory. (1951) 00000511 Jay Forrester patents computer core memory. (1951)%s19510511 ** 05 16 99 99 00 First report on SNOBOL distributed (within BTL) (1963) 00000516 First report on SNOBOL distributed (within BTL) (1963)%s19630516 ** 05 20 99 99 00 William Hewlett, Co-founder of Hewlett Packard. (1913) 00000520 William Hewlett, Co-founder of Hewlett Packard. (1913)%s19130520 ** 05 21 99 99 00 DEC announces PDP-8 (1968) 00000521 DEC announces PDP-8 (1968)%s19680521 ** 05 27 99 99 00 First joint meeting of U.S. & European ALGOL definition committee (1958) 00000527 First joint meeting of U.S. & European ALGOL definition committee (1958)%s19580527 ** 05 28 99 99 00 First meeting of COBOL definition committee (eventually CODASYL) (1959) 00000528 First meeting of COBOL definition committee (eventually CODASYL) (1959)%s19590528 ** 05 30 99 99 00 Colossus Mark II (1944) 00000530 Colossus Mark II (1944)%s19440530 ** 05 30 99 99 00 PDP 8 was announced. (1968) 00000530 PDP 8 was announced. (1968)%s19680530 ** 06 02 99 99 00 First issue of Computerworld (1967) 00000602 First issue of Computerworld (1967)%s19670602 ** 06 05 99 99 00 Ada Lovelace (future 1st computer programmer) meets Charles Babbage. (1833) 00000605 Ada Lovelace (future 1st computer programmer) meets Charles Babbage. (1833)%s18330605 ** 06 07 99 99 00 BSD UNIX 4.3 released (1986) 00000607 BSD UNIX 4.3 released (1986)%s19860607 ** 06 09 99 99 00 Prime Computer, Inc. was founded. (1972) 00000609 Prime Computer, Inc. was founded. (1972)%s19720609 ** 06 10 99 99 00 Apple Computer ships its first Apple II. (1977) 00000610 Apple Computer ships its first Apple II. (1977)%s19770610 ** 06 15 99 99 00 UNIVAC I delivered to the Census Bureau (1951) 00000615 UNIVAC I delivered to the Census Bureau (1951)%s19510615 ** 06 16 99 99 00 First programming error at Census Bureau (apocryphal) (1951) 00000616 First programming error at Census Bureau (apocryphal) (1951)%s19510616 ** 06 17 99 99 00 HP stock splits 2 for 1 at $94.13 a share (1981) 00000617 HP stock splits 2 for 1 at $94.13 a share (1981)%s19810617 ** 06 19 99 99 00 Blaise Pascal (1623) 00000619 Blaise Pascal (1623)%s16230619 ** 06 22 99 99 00 Alan Turing, British computing pioneer. (1912) 00000622 Alan Turing, British computing pioneer. (1912)%s19120622 ** 06 22 99 99 00 Konrad Zuse, Computing pioneer, built the Z1 in Germany during WWII (1910) 00000622 Konrad Zuse, Computing pioneer, built the Z1 in Germany during WWII (1910)%s19100622 ** 06 23 99 99 00 Alan Turing, mathematician, pioneer in computer theory. (1912) 00000623 Alan Turing, mathematician, pioneer in computer theory. (1912)%s19120623 ** 06 23 99 99 00 IBM unbundles software (1969) 00000623 IBM unbundles software (1969)%s19690623 ** 06 26 99 99 00 Maurice Wilkes, First described the stored program concept. (1913) 00000626 Maurice Wilkes, First described the stored program concept. (1913)%s19130626 ** 06 27 99 99 00 HP stock splits 2 for 1 at $89.28 a share (1979) 00000627 HP stock splits 2 for 1 at $89.28 a share (1979)%s19790627 ** 06 30 99 99 00 First advanced degree on computer related topic to H. Karamanian, for symbolic differentiation on ENIAC (Temple University, Philadelphia, 1948) 00000630 First advanced degree on computer related topic to H. Karamanian, for symbolic differentiation on ENIAC (Temple University, Philadelphia, 1948)%s19480630 ** 07 01 99 99 00 Gottfried Leibniz, Invented a calcuator which could multiply & (1646) 00000701 Gottfried Leibniz, Invented a calcuator which could multiply & (1646)%s16460701 ** 07 07 99 99 00 Joseph-Marie Jacquard, Invented a loom controlled by punched cards. (1752) 00000707 Joseph-Marie Jacquard, Invented a loom controlled by punched cards. (1752)%s17520707 ** 07 08 99 99 00 Bell Telephone Co. formed (predecessor of AT&T) (1877) 00000708 Bell Telephone Co. formed (predecessor of AT&T) (1877)%s18770708 ** 07 08 99 99 00 CDC was founded by former employees of Sperry-Rand. (1957) 00000708 CDC was founded by former employees of Sperry-Rand. (1957)%s19570708 ** 07 10 99 99 00 BSD UNIX 4.1 released (1981) 00000710 BSD UNIX 4.1 released (1981)%s19810710 ** 07 13 99 99 00 Cleve Sinclair, British hardware hustler. (1940) 00000713 Cleve Sinclair, British hardware hustler. (1940)%s19400713 ** 07 14 99 99 00 Jay Forrester, Inventor of core memory, who later modelled the world. (1918) 00000714 Jay Forrester, Inventor of core memory, who later modelled the world. (1918)%s19180714 ** 08 01 99 99 00 HP stock splits 2 for 1 at $89.88 a share (1983) 00000801 HP stock splits 2 for 1 at $89.88 a share (1983)%s19830801 ** 08 06 99 99 00 A team of computer scientists from Amdahl break the record for largest prime number with 391581 * 2^216193 - 1 after a year and a half of background computing (1989) 00000806 A team of computer scientists from Amdahl break the record for largest prime number with 391581 * 2^216193 - 1 after a year and a half of background computing (1989)%s19890806 ** 08 06 99 99 00 BSD UNIX 4.2 released (1983) 00000806 BSD UNIX 4.2 released (1983)%s19830806 ** 08 09 99 99 00 Marvin Minsky, AI pioneer. (1932) 00000809 Marvin Minsky, AI pioneer. (1932)%s19320809 ** 08 11 99 99 00 Stephen Wozniac, Cofounder of Apple. (1954) 00000811 Stephen Wozniac, Cofounder of Apple. (1954)%s19540811 ** 08 14 99 99 00 First Unix-based mallet created (1954) 00000814 First Unix-based mallet created (1954)%s19540814 ** 08 14 99 99 00 IBM PC announced (1981) 00000814 IBM PC announced (1981)%s19810814 ** 08 22 99 99 00 CDC 6600 introduced (1963) 00000822 CDC 6600 introduced (1963)%s19630822 ** 08 23 99 99 00 DEC founded (1957) 00000823 DEC founded (1957)%s19570823 ** 08 30 99 99 00 John Mauchly, Co-inventor of ENIAC (1907) 00000830 John Mauchly, Co-inventor of ENIAC (1907)%s19070830 ** 09 03 99 99 00 Kathleen Jensen, Co-author of Pascal User Manual and Report. (1949) 00000903 Kathleen Jensen, Co-author of Pascal User Manual and Report. (1949)%s19490903 ** 09 07 99 99 00 David Packard, Cofounded Hewlett Packard (1912) 00000907 David Packard, Cofounded Hewlett Packard (1912)%s19120907 ** 09 15 99 99 00 ACM (Association for Computing Machinery) founded (1947) 00000915 ACM (Association for Computing Machinery) founded (1947)%s19470915 ** 09 15 99 99 00 HP stock splits 3 for 1 at a price of $77 (1960) 00000915 HP stock splits 3 for 1 at a price of $77 (1960)%s19600915 ** 09 18 99 99 00 The 30th Mersenne Prime, 2^216091-1, is announced. It was discovered at Chevron Reaseach on their Cray X-MP. (1985) 00000918 The 30th Mersenne Prime, 2^216091-1, is announced. It was discovered at Chevron Reaseach on their Cray X-MP. (1985)%s19850918 ** 09 19 99 99 00 David Slowinski uses two Cray-1 supercomputers to discover the 29th Mersenne Prime, 2^132049-1 (1983) 00000919 David Slowinski uses two Cray-1 supercomputers to discover the 29th Mersenne Prime, 2^132049-1 (1983)%s19830919 ** 09 20 99 99 00 Harlan Herrick runs first FORTRAN program (1954) 00000920 Harlan Herrick runs first FORTRAN program (1954)%s19540920 ** 09 25 99 99 00 The chess program Hitech is the first computer program to beat an International Grand Master in tournament play winning 3 and drawing 1 (1988) 00000925 The chess program Hitech is the first computer program to beat an International Grand Master in tournament play winning 3 and drawing 1 (1988)%s19880925 ** 09 28 99 99 00 Seymour Cray, Super computer builder. (1925) 00000928 Seymour Cray, Super computer builder. (1925)%s19250928 ** 10 02 99 99 00 First robotics-based CAM (1939) 00001002 First robotics-based CAM (1939)%s19391002 ** 10 04 99 99 00 John Atanasoff, Built one of the first electronic computers (1903) 00001004 John Atanasoff, Built one of the first electronic computers (1903)%s19031004 ** 10 06 99 99 00 First GPSS manual published (1961) 00001006 First GPSS manual published (1961)%s19611006 ** 10 08 99 99 00 First VisiCalc prototype (1978) 00001008 First VisiCalc prototype (1978)%s19781008 ** 10 11 99 99 00 Doug McIlroy invents the pipe (or "hose," 1964) 00001011 Doug McIlroy invents the pipe (or "hose," 1964)%s19641011 ** 10 11 99 99 00 factoring of the first "hard" 100 digit number (11^104 + 1)/(11^8 + 1) achieved at 2AM PDT (1988) 00001011 factoring of the first "hard" 100 digit number (11^104 + 1)/(11^8 + 1) achieved at 2AM PDT (1988)%s19881011 ** 10 12 99 99 00 James Martin, Computer Guru. (1936) 00001012 James Martin, Computer Guru. (1936)%s19361012 ** 10 12 99 99 00 Steven Jobs, one of the founders of Apple, unveils the first computer by his new company NeXT (1988) 00001012 Steven Jobs, one of the founders of Apple, unveils the first computer by his new company NeXT (1988)%s19881012 ** 10 12 99 99 00 Univac gives contract for SIMULA compiler to Nygaard and Dahl (1962) 00001012 Univac gives contract for SIMULA compiler to Nygaard and Dahl (1962)%s19621012 ** 10 14 99 99 00 British Computer Society founded (1957) 00001014 British Computer Society founded (1957)%s19571014 ** 10 15 99 99 00 First FORTRAN Programmer's Reference Manual published 00001015 First FORTRAN Programmer's Reference Manual published ** 10 17 99 99 00 Ritchie and Thompson's UNIX paper (1973) 00001017 Ritchie and Thompson's UNIX paper (1973)%s19731017 ** 10 19 99 99 00 BSD UNIX 4.0 released (1980) 00001019 BSD UNIX 4.0 released (1980)%s19801019 ** 10 20 99 99 00 Zurich ALGOL report published (1958) 00001020 Zurich ALGOL report published (1958)%s19581020 ** 10 23 99 99 00 The Open Software Foundation announced the release of the industry's first open computer operating system -- OSF/1 (1990) 00001023 The Open Software Foundation announced the release of the industry's first open computer operating system -- OSF/1 (1990)%s19901023 ** 10 25 99 99 00 DEC announces VAX-11/780 00001025 DEC announces VAX-11/780 ** 11 01 99 99 00 fiscal new year for Hewlett Packard Company 00001101 fiscal new year for Hewlett Packard Company ** 11 02 99 99 00 George Boole (1815) 00001102 George Boole (1815)%s18151102 ** 11 02 99 99 00 Robert T. Morris, Jr. , releases his worm program onto the UNIX network at about 8pm from Cornell University, Ithaca, NY. It uses Berkeley Unix mail flaws to spread itself across the country. (1988) 00001102 Robert T. Morris, Jr. , releases his worm program onto the UNIX network at about 8pm from Cornell University, Ithaca, NY. It uses Berkeley Unix mail flaws to spread itself across the country. (1988)%s19881102 ** 11 04 99 99 00 UNIVAC I program predicts Eisenhower victory based on 7% of votes (1952) 00001104 UNIVAC I program predicts Eisenhower victory based on 7% of votes (1952)%s19521104 ** 11 16 99 99 00 Gene Amdahl, Designer of IBM 360, Amdahl 470, and founder of TRILOGY. (1922) 00001116 Gene Amdahl, Designer of IBM 360, Amdahl 470, and founder of TRILOGY. (1922)%s19221116 ** 11 26 99 99 00 Norbert Weiner, Author of Cybernetics (1894) 00001126 Norbert Weiner, Author of Cybernetics (1894)%s18941126 ** 12 03 99 99 00 John Backus, Father of FORTRAN (1924) 00001203 John Backus, Father of FORTRAN (1924)%s19241203 ** 12 08 99 99 00 First Ph.D. awarded by Computer Science Dept, University of Pennsylvania (1965) 00001208 First Ph.D. awarded by Computer Science Dept, University of Pennsylvania (1965)%s19651208 ** 12 09 99 99 00 Grace Hopper, Mother of COBOL (1909) 00001209 Grace Hopper, Mother of COBOL (1909)%s19091209 ** 12 10 99 99 00 Ada Augusta Lovelace, First programmer. (1815) 00001210 Ada Augusta Lovelace, First programmer. (1815)%s18151210 ** 12 26 99 99 00 Charles Babbage, Victorian computer architect. (1791) 00001226 Charles Babbage, Victorian computer architect. (1791)%s17911226 ** 12 26 99 99 00 DPMA founded (1951) 00001226 DPMA founded (1951)%s19511226 ** 12 27 99 99 00 APT report published (1956) 00001227 APT report published (1956)%s19561227 ** 12 28 99 99 00 John Von Neumann, First suggested stored program model. (1903) 00001228 John Von Neumann, First suggested stored program model. (1903)%s19031228 85 11 05 99 99 00 At 0:53:20 GMT UNIX time reached the 500000000 (half billion) second mark (1985) 19851105 At 0:53:20 GMT UNIX time reached the 500000000 (half billion) second mark (1985)%s19851105