From CCNET-L@uga.cc.uga.edu Fri Mar 29 16:31:24 1991
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Date:         Fri, 29 Mar 91 15:26:16 CST
Reply-To: Guo Xianli <gapgxl%CSD4.CSD.UWM.EDU@uga.cc.uga.edu>
Sender: Chinese Computing Network <CCNET-L%UGA.BITNET@uga.cc.uga.edu>
From: Guo Xianli <gapgxl%CSD4.CSD.UWM.EDU@uga.cc.uga.edu>
Subject:      CCBIOS 2.13H
To: Multiple recipients of list CCNET-L <CCNET-L@UGA>
Status: RO

Hi, netters!

I posted a message a week ago, requesting a file BASRUN20.EXE, which
is required by most of the utilities in the CCBIOS 2.13H.  Since then
I have received replies from many of you.  Thank you very much for
your kind help.

Some of you ask for info about CCBIOS 2.13.  The following is the
documentation included in the package.  It is in btoa format.  You can
atob it and use any CCDOS compatible program to read it (it includes
some escape sequnce codes for different fonts).

Note: It is an complete file (this is what I got, sorry about that).

If you any more questions, send me a mail.
--
Xianli Guo
School of Library & Information Sci.
University of Wisconsin -Milwaukee

xbtoa Begin
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xbtoa End N 34816 8800 E f4 S 4352fe R 7967d9ca

From CCNET-L@uga.cc.uga.edu Sat Mar 16 13:57:15 1991
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Date:         Sat, 16 Mar 91 12:52:46 CST
Reply-To: Guo Xianli <gapgxl%CSD4.CSD.UWM.EDU@uga.cc.uga.edu>
Sender: Chinese Computing Network <CCNET-L%UGA.BITNET@uga.cc.uga.edu>
From: Guo Xianli <gapgxl%CSD4.CSD.UWM.EDU@uga.cc.uga.edu>
Subject:      BASRUN20.EXE?
To: Multiple recipients of list CCNET-L <CCNET-L@UGA>
Status: RO

Dear netters:

I just got a copy of CCBIOS 2.13H, which is a CCDOS compatible Chinese
system.   It can work on VGA, EGA, CGA, HERCULES, COLOR400.  It
spports 16x16, 24x24 displaying and printing in Song, Kai, Fang-song
and Hei fonts.

It is also has some utilities, like character creating/modifying,
table making, LianXiang library creating/editing, etc.  My problem is:
when I tried to run these utilities, I got this message:

cannot find BASRUN20.EXE:
Enter new path specification:

I checked and could not find the file anywhere.  Can anyone tell me
what the file is and where I can get it?   Thanks for your help in advance.

Guo Xianli

From CCNET-L@uga.cc.uga.edu Mon Mar 18 14:49:00 1991
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Date:         Mon, 18 Mar 91 14:42:02 est
Reply-To: gao%muche.DECnet%SPOCK.EE.MCGILL.CA@uga.cc.uga.edu
Sender: Chinese Computing Network <CCNET-L%UGA.BITNET@uga.cc.uga.edu>
From: gao%muche.DECnet%SPOCK.EE.MCGILL.CA@uga.cc.uga.edu
Subject:      Basrun20.exe
Comments: To: ccnet-l@"uga.bitnet@spock.DECnet"
To: Multiple recipients of list CCNET-L <CCNET-L@UGA>
Status: RO

Hi, Guo XianLi
	I don't any thing about your ccbois 2.13h. According to my experimences
with various languanges, it seems that Basrun20.exe is program for very old
basic compiler. It has to be present when you run any program compiled from from
that old basic program.
	Find an old basic comipler, and copy basun20.exe into your disk. It
should have no problem to work.
						Frank Gao @ McGill

From CCNET-L@uga.cc.uga.edu Fri Mar 22 17:33:00 1991
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Date:         Fri, 22 Mar 91 14:58:00 EST
Reply-To: LUMINZZZ%DAYTON.BITNET@uga.cc.uga.edu
Sender: Chinese Computing Network <CCNET-L%UGA.BITNET@uga.cc.uga.edu>
From: LUMINZZZ%DAYTON.BITNET@uga.cc.uga.edu
Subject:      CCDOS and Postscript printer
To: Multiple recipients of list CCNET-L <CCNET-L@UGA>
Status: RO

     Do I understand that CCDOS file or Byx file can now be sent to
postscript laser printer?  Can any one help me on this issue?
     Thanks!

==========================================================================
Min Lu                         | Internet: luminzzz@udcps3.cps.udayton.edu
Department of Computer Science | Bitnet  : luminzzz@dayton.bitnet
The University of Dayton       |
Dayton, OH 45469               | Tel     : (513)229-2199
==========================================================================

From CCNET-L@uga.cc.uga.edu Fri Mar 22 18:34:47 1991
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Date:         Fri, 22 Mar 91 18:20:17 -0500
Reply-To: simpson%math.psu.edu@uga.cc.uga.edu
Sender: Chinese Computing Network <CCNET-L%UGA.BITNET@uga.cc.uga.edu>
From: simpson%MATH.PSU.EDU@uga.cc.uga.edu
To: Multiple recipients of list CCNET-L <CCNET-L@UGA>
Status: RO

>  Do I understand that CCDOS file or Byx file can now be sent to
>  postscript laser printer?  Can any one help me on this issue?

You can do this using the CCDOS-to-HZ and HZ-to-Postscript utilities,
available for anonymous ftp in /pub/yeung on june.cs.washington.edu
[128.95.1.4].  Alternatively you can use the -w option of J. B. Wang's
Chtex, available for anonymous ftp on crl.nmsu.edu [128.123.1.14].

These are Unix programs.  Does anybody know how to do it from DOS?

From CCNET-L@uga.cc.uga.edu Fri Feb  8 00:32:58 1991
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 Fri, 08 Feb 91 00:32:16 EST
Date:         Fri, 8 Feb 91 00:31:00 EST
Reply-To: yawei%UCS.INDIANA.EDU@uga.cc.uga.edu
Sender: Chinese Computing Network <CCNET-L%UGA.BITNET@uga.cc.uga.edu>
From: yawei%UCS.INDIANA.EDU@uga.cc.uga.edu
Subject:      RE: Displaying pure GB text online
Comments: To: etchin <etchin%indsvax1.bitnet@uicvm.uic.edu>
Comments: cc: ccnet-l <ccnet-l@uga.cc.uga.edu>
To: Multiple recipients of list CCNET-L <CCNET-L@UGA>
Status: RO

>HI! I'm a newcomer of this list. Could you tell me what is the CCDOS? And
> where can I get this CCDOS? Thanks in advance.

CC-DOS is a set of memory resident programs to be loaded on top of
MS-DOS. It provides means to enter and display Chinese characters
on personal computers.

There are many different versions of CCDOS, all developed in mainland
China, I believe.

Several netters have asked me how they may obtain a copy of CC-DOS.
I remember there are dealers for it in America but I honestly don't
know their addresses. Since they are not freeware, I can't really send
it to anyone.

yawei

From CCNET-L@uga.cc.uga.edu Sun Nov  3 08:05:38 1991
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Date:         Sun, 3 Nov 1991 14:43:00 EET_DST
Reply-To: QXKEMPPAI%SAMPO%SORVI.HUT.FI@uga.cc.uga.edu
Sender: Chinese Computing Network <CCNET-L@uga.cc.uga.edu>
From: QXKEMPPAI%SAMPO%SORVI.HUT.FI@uga.cc.uga.edu
Subject:      Getting along with the ordinary
Comments: To: ccnet-l@uga.cc.uga.edu
To: Multiple recipients of list CCNET-L <CCNET-L@UGA>
Status: RO

Dear ccnet-workers,

Many of my friends have different versions of CC-DOS software but do not
use it because nobody seems to know how. I would be thankful if someone
would care to instruct me on the following maybe simple questions.

I have been allowed to borrow a CCDOS 4.0, a WangMa DOS and CWS from
DIANZI GONGYE BU DI LIU YANJIU SUO. My equipment consists of quite an
ordinary PC AT clone and quite an ordinary IBM/EPSON compatible dot-matrix
printer. I am able to read and input Chinese characters but

*HOW DO I PRINT THE TEXT ON PAPER?*

I am completely at loss with that CCDOS 4.0 and CWS. The WangMa DOS system
has a menu selection saying "dayin canshu" (print parameters), but when
that is selected, the system returns to the DOS prompt. Maybe I should
type some parameters at the DOS prompt but do not know which parameters
are valid? I hope someone who is familiar with any of these programs could
tell me what to do! Do I lack a printer driver or something? A directory
listing of the software I have borrowed can be found at the bottom of this
message.

Thanks to the authors of the "Frequently Asked Questions" file I received
the other day. Excellent work! Maybe an answer to this question of mine
could be included in tha FAQ.

So, here's my list of files:


 Volume in drive A is CCDOS-40
 Directory of  A:\

CCLIB          243712   1.01.80   0.55
CCCC     COM     5694   1.01.80   0.05
CCCC     OVR    34769   1.01.80   0.28
CCCC     OV1     7935   1.01.80   1.43
CCCC     OV2     7653   1.01.80   1.46
CH       EXE      767   1.01.80   0.06
CH       MSG    13552   1.01.80   0.30
CCDOS    COM     2048   5.12.87   1.40
M2024P   COM     9070   1.01.80   0.05
ED       EXE     8795   3.11.86  22.28
ALL9P    EXE     8832   1.01.80   0.14
ALL24P   EXE     3584   1.01.80   0.15
       12 File(s)     12288 bytes free

 Volume in drive A is CLIB24-1
 Directory of  A:\

CLIB241        262144   1.01.80   1.32
LOAD     BAT      358   1.01.80   0.21
        2 File(s)     99328 bytes free

 Volume in drive A is CLIB24-2
 Directory of  A:\

CLIB242        326784   1.01.80   0.06
LOAD     BAT      358   1.01.80   0.21
        2 File(s)     33792 bytes free

 Volume in drive A is WMDOS50-SYS
 Directory of  A:\

AUTOEXEC BAT       26   4.01.91  12.00
WMSET    COM     9562   4.01.91  12.00
WMSET    CFG      332  11.01.91   0.57
W150     WM5      627   4.01.91  12.00
WBXRC    WM5     2289   4.01.91  12.00
SPEJ     WM5      909   4.01.91  12.00
SELECOPY WM5     8019   4.01.91  12.00
MAKESENT WM5    11568   4.01.91  12.00
A374627D WM5     1102   4.01.91  12.00
D4NGF    WM5    27337  11.01.91   9.10
Y6HH6F   WM5     1102   4.01.91  12.00
W5SK     WM5     5374   4.01.91  12.00
XOFN     WM5    60521   4.01.91  12.00
XMCKFJ   WM5      853   4.01.91  12.00
RGF      WM5    10442   4.01.91  12.00
XXXXP    WM5     4181   4.01.91  12.00
EDGTFHG  WM5    20736  11.11.90  12.00
B3B4N    WM5    15724   4.01.91  12.00
NOTEPAD  WM5    10137   4.01.91  12.00
WBHRC    WM5     1538   4.01.91  12.00
WJKHZ    WM5      256   4.01.91  12.00
WCHROUT  WM5      310   4.01.91  12.00
WCHRIN   WM5    43106   4.01.91  12.00
Q5K      WM5    27703   4.01.91  12.00
       24 File(s)     82944 bytes free

 Volume in drive A is WMDOS50-2
 Directory of  A:\

CCLIBJ   DOT   243648   4.01.91  13.01
HD16     BAT      128   4.01.91  13.01
CONSOLE  SYS      581   4.01.91  13.01
HZANSI   SYS     1664   4.01.91  13.01
LDBM     EXE    20640   4.01.91  13.01
DKHE     WM5    20640   4.01.91  13.01
WJKHZ    COM     7005   4.01.91  13.01
WJKHZ    WM5      256   4.01.91  13.01
WJKLCH   COM     1102   4.01.91  12.00
WJKCH    COM    11568   4.01.91  13.01
WJKLHZ   COM      853   4.01.91  13.01
       11 File(s)     48128 bytes free

 Volume in drive A is WM50-CLIB1
 Directory of  A:\

HD24     BAT      512   4.10.90  16.32
DISP     COM     7967  22.06.90  10.09
GJ24S-1        286720  28.05.90  15.51
        3 File(s)     66560 bytes free

 Volume in drive A is WM50-CLIB2
 Directory of  A:\

HD24     BAT      512   4.10.90  16.32
DISP     COM     7967  22.06.90  10.09
GJ24S-2        303104   4.01.80   6.03
        3 File(s)     50176 bytes free

 Volume in drive A is CWS
 Directory of  A:\

CWS      COM    21760   1.01.80   0.06
WSOVLY1  OVR    41216  14.08.84  13.15
WSMSGS   OVR    32704  31.07.84   8.12
NEC24PR  EXE     2791   1.01.80   0.42
2024P    EXE     3456   1.01.80   0.14
ALL9P    EXE     8832   1.01.80   0.14
ALL24P   EXE     3584   1.01.80   0.15
TH3070E  COM    27469   1.01.80   2.05
M1724E   COM    27469   1.01.80   2.05
M1724LE  COM    27469   1.01.80   2.05
HP3070   EXE    36736   1.01.80   0.15
XSD1     EXE    36736   1.01.80   0.04
ED       EXE     8795   3.11.86  22.28
CH       EXE      767   1.01.80   0.06
CH       MSG    13552   1.01.80   0.03
       15 File(s)     63488 bytes free

Best regards
Seppo Kemppainen
Tammipaantie 20, 02730 ESPOO, FINLAND
Phone & FAX +358 0 844804
e-mail <QXKEMPPAI%SAMPO@SORVI.HUT.FI>

From CCNET-L@uga.cc.uga.edu Fri Jun  5 12:39:56 1992
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 Fri, 05 Jun 92 12:37:25 EDT
Date:         Fri, 5 Jun 1992 12:36:54 -0400
Reply-To: Stephen G Simpson <simpson@MATH.PSU.EDU>
Sender: Chinese Computing Network <CCNET-L@uga.cc.uga.edu>
From: Stephen G Simpson <simpson@MATH.PSU.EDU>
Subject:      Chinese OS/2 ??
Comments: To: ccnet-l@uga.cc.uga.edu
To: Multiple recipients of list CCNET-L <CCNET-L@uga.cc.uga.edu>
Status: RO

Does anybody know anything about Chinese language support in OS/2?

The following is excerpted from an IBM document describing OS/2 2.0,
the new 32-bit operating system for 80386 and 80486 PCs.

      ------------------------------------------------------

                               OS/2 2.0
                    INFORMATION AND PLANNING GUIDE


                     Document Number G326-0160-00

...

It is possible that this publication may contain reference to, or
information about, IBM products (machines and programs), programming,
or services that are not announced in your country.  Such references
or information must not be construed to mean that IBM intends to
announce such IBM products, programming, or services in your country.

(C) COPYRIGHT INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION 1992.  ALL
RIGHTS RESERVED.

....

Contents

....

APPENDIX B.  INTERNATIONAL LANGUAGE SUPPORT  . . . . . . . . . . .
Translations   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bidirectional Support  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Double-Byte Character Set  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Installing National Language Versions  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
  Country Choice   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
  Keyboard Choice  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Changing National Language Options   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
  Temporary Changes  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
  Permanent Changes  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Understanding Code Pages   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Understanding DEVINFO Statements   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

...

-------
NOTICES
-------

References in this publication to IBM products, programs, or services
do not imply that IBM intends to make these available in all countries
in which IBM operates.

...


-------------------------------------------
APPENDIX B.  INTERNATIONAL LANGUAGE SUPPORT
-------------------------------------------

IBM provides extensive international language support for the OS/2
operating system.


TRANSLATIONS
____________

OS/2 2.0 is translated into the following languages:

    Chinese
        Peoples Republic of China (simplified)
        Taiwan (traditional)
    Danish
    Finnish
    French
    German
    Italian
    Japanese
    Korean
    Dutch
    Norwegian
    Portuguese
    Spanish
    Swedish

In the translated versions, information on the screen and in the
manuals is presented in the national language (except commands, device
names, and file names, which are based on English).

Users who are bilingual, but regard English as their primary language
for computer use, should specify the English version when ordering.

...


DOUBLE-BYTE CHARACTER SET
_________________________

Another language feature in OS/2 2.0 is the double-byte character set
(DBCS).  The DBCS version is provided for those countries, such as
Japan, whose primary language requires 2 bytes for each character
rather than 1 byte as in the single-byte character set (SBCS).  See
the manual OS/2 2.0 Keyboards and Code Pages for more information.

...

The OS/2 2.0 installation defaults for country information and code
pages are listed in Table 8.

+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Table 8. Country and Code Page Defaults                          |
+------------------------+---------------+------------+------------+
| COUNTRY                | COUNTRY CODE  | PRIMARY    | SECONDARY  |
|                        |               | CODE PAGE  | CODE PAGE  |
+------------------------+---------------+------------+------------+
| Arabic-speaking        | 785           | 864        | 850        |
+------------------------+---------------+------------+------------+
| Asia (English)         | 99            | 437        | 850        |
+------------------------+---------------+------------+------------+
| Australia (English)    | 61            | 437        | 850        |
+------------------------+---------------+------------+------------+
| Belgium                | 32            | 850        | 437        |
+------------------------+---------------+------------+------------+
| Canada (French)        | 2             | 863        | 850        |
+------------------------+---------------+------------+------------+
| Czechoslovakia         | 42            | 852        | 850        |
+------------------------+---------------+------------+------------+
| Denmark                | 45            | 850        | n/a        |
+------------------------+---------------+------------+------------+
| Finland                | 358           | 850        | 437        |
+------------------------+---------------+------------+------------+
| France                 | 33            | 437        | 850        |
+------------------------+---------------+------------+------------+
| Germany                | 49            | 850        | 437        |
+------------------------+---------------+------------+------------+
| Hebrew-speaking        | 972           | 862        | 850        |
+------------------------+---------------+------------+------------+
| Hungary                | 36            | 852        | 850        |
+------------------------+---------------+------------+------------+
| Iceland                | 354           | 850        | 861        |
+------------------------+---------------+------------+------------+
| Italy                  | 39            | 437        | 850        |
+------------------------+---------------+------------+------------+
| Japan                  | 81            | 932        | 437, 850   |
+------------------------+---------------+------------+------------+
| Korea                  | 82            | 934        | 437, 850   |
+------------------------+---------------+------------+------------+
| Latin America          | 3             | 437        | 850        |
+------------------------+---------------+------------+------------+
| Netherlands            | 31            | 850        | 437        |
+------------------------+---------------+------------+------------+
| Norway                 | 47            | 850        | n/a        |
+------------------------+---------------+------------+------------+
| Peoples Republic of    | 88            | 938        | 437, 850   |
| China                  |               |            |            |
+------------------------+---------------+------------+------------+
| Poland                 | 48            | 852        | 850        |
+------------------------+---------------+------------+------------+
| Portugal               | 351           | 850        | 860        |
+------------------------+---------------+------------+------------+
| Spain                  | 34            | 850        | 437        |
+------------------------+---------------+------------+------------+
| Sweden                 | 46            | 850        | 437        |
+------------------------+---------------+------------+------------+
| Switzerland (French)   | 41            | 850        | 437        |
+------------------------+---------------+------------+------------+
| Switzerland (German)   | 41            | 850        | 437        |
+------------------------+---------------+------------+------------+
| Taiwan                 | 88            | 437        | 850        |
+------------------------+---------------+------------+------------+
| Turkey                 | 90            | 857        | 850        |
+------------------------+---------------+------------+------------+
| United Kingdom         | 44            | 437        | 850        |
+------------------------+---------------+------------+------------+
| United States          | 1             | 437        | 850        |
+------------------------+---------------+------------+------------+
| Yugoslavia             | 38            | 852        | 850        |
+------------------------+---------------+------------+------------+

...

UNDERSTANDING CODE PAGES
________________________

A code page is a table that maps a set of characters to a
corresponding set of values called code points.  Characters are
letters, digits, or symbols that the user sees on the keys of a
keyboard, on a display, or printed on paper.  Code points or character
codes are what a computer system uses internally to represent
characters when processing, reading, or writing character data.

A code-page table has a number identifier such as code page 437 or
code page 850.  A code-page table includes language characters,
numbers, punctuation, control characters, and special characters.
Code page 437 is predominant in the United States.  Code page 850 is a
multilingual code page; it includes English characters a well as most
characters commonly used by many Western European languages.

Processing, displaying, or printing character data in the wrong code
page can result in incorrectly presented characters.  A word
processing file written in Danish or Portuguese using code page 850 in
Europe, sent to the United States, and printed using code page 437
might contain errors because code page 437 does not include all the
characters and accents of all Western European languages.  Code pages
437 and 850 are examples of SBCS code pages. Code pages 932, 934, and
938 are DBCS code pages.

...

For more information on OS/2-supported languages, countries, and code
pages, consult the OS/2 2.0 Command Reference (online or printed) and
online Master Help Index.

From ychen@umbc4.umbc.edu Wed Jun 10 14:44:00 1992
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	id AA02706; Wed, 10 Jun 92 14:43:55 -0400
Date: Wed, 10 Jun 92 14:43:55 -0400
From: ychen@umbc3.umbc.edu (Dr. Yung-Jui Chen)
Message-Id: <9206101843.AA02706@umbc4.umbc.edu>
To: yjj@ctr.columbia.edu
Subject: Postdoctoral position
Status: RO

Dear Mr. Jiang:
	Thank you for your interest in my group.  I am currently waiting for a
DARPA grant which should be awarded any time.  If that contract is awarded, I
will be looking for a postdoctoral in the optoelectronic processing area.  From
your resume, I think your backgroud fits quite well.  I will be interested in 
talking to you more about this research position, if you are interested.
	Please return me an e-mail and the convenient time to call you.
	Sincerely,
		Ray Chen

From ychen@umbc4.umbc.edu Thu Jun 11 10:41:25 1992
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	id AA23761; Thu, 11 Jun 92 10:41:16 -0400
Date: Thu, 11 Jun 92 10:41:16 -0400
From: ychen@umbc3.umbc.edu (Dr. Yung-Jui Chen)
Message-Id: <9206111441.AA23761@umbc4.umbc.edu>
To: yjj@ctr.columbia.edu
Subject: Research activity
Cc: ychen@umbc4.umbc.edu
Status: RO

Mr. Jiang:
	There are there major research activities in my group:
1. Spectroscopy of semiconductor materials: we are doing CW and time-resolved
spectroscopy of QW and optoelectronic devices (mostly GaAs-AlGaAs).
2. Optoelectronic device fabrications: we have projects on 2D laser array, WDM
multiplexer/demux (spectrometer on a chip), WDM laser array, wafer scale opto-
electronic integration with the goal for photonic integrated circuit systems.
3. advanced optoelectronic processing technology: we are building a chemically 
assisted ion beam etching system, doing nanofabrication,nanolithography, etc.
We collaboarte with local governmental laboratories, industrial laboratories, 
and other national labs (e.g. Cornell national nanofabrication lab).
	The research tasks of the postdoc is mainly the new contract of WDM laser
array.  The person will work with my graduate students to design, fabricate and
characterize the devices.  We will appreciate that you can provide a little more
details of your experience in the fabrication and testing areas.
	I will call will shortly (probably tomorrow). My tel no is 410-455-3507.
	Ray

From CCNET-L@uga.cc.uga.edu Fri Jan 29 18:56:19 1993
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Date:         Fri, 29 Jan 1993 17:52:45 -0600
Reply-To: Yueheng Xu <yxu@ORION.IT.LUC.EDU>
Sender: Chinese Computing Network <CCNET-L@uga.cc.uga.edu>
From: Yueheng Xu <yxu@ORION.IT.LUC.EDU>
Comments: To: CCNET-L@UGA.UGA.edu
To: Multiple recipients of list CCNET-L <CCNET-L@uga.cc.uga.edu>
Status: RO

             Chinese Computing in Mainland China

              Yueheng Xu      Jan. 29, 1993
              Internet :     yxu@orion.it.luc.edu

    I.    Major Chinese Computing Systems and Networks used in PRC

    Up to the end of 1991 when I left Beijing, commercial quality Chinese
Computing Systems available only on PC's  ( both DOS and XENIX are available )
and Macintosh's. There had been a lot of efforts in other operating system
platforms during past 40 years, but none of them survived as a product that
can grow further. As a matter of fact, mainframe computers in PRC are
exclusively used for scientific and engineering use, therefore no much drive
for Chinese processing. In business world, no network spans farther than a
city, this is another reason that mainframes are not being used for business
purpose. Within a organization, major business systems is a stand alone PC
running dBASE III or dBASE IV, or  FoxBase ( All these have their Chinese
Version available now) for Financial report processing, running WordStar or
its Chinese variant, or PE ( only be used on Chinese Computing Systems which
can support direct video buffer access) for word processing. In contrast to the
Chinesenization (Han Hua) of major English application systems in databse and
word processing, major desktop publishing systems are mostly domestically
designed and reached a very high level of quality and I will mention them
in later section in details.

     Bigger organizations use Novell or 3Com as local area network, on which
most major Chinese Computing Systems available on DOS can easily integrated
together with the LAN. But the LAN's usage has not extended farther than
share a big font file and some printing utilities with a server. No business
activity is depend on LAN on PC and DOS.

   Here are the Chinese Systems commercially available in PRC:

  1) Chinese Computing on Macintosh:

     Basically, Macintosh are use much much less popular in PRC than that of
     PC's. The reasons are (in my opinion): 1) The major application systems
     are not available easily ( word processing and data base systems, etc.)
     2) Acceptable Chinese systems appeared on MAC's long after that of
     PC's.

     Now, as far as I know, only Hua Yuan Computer Co. located at Xi Si Bei
     Da Jie, Beijing, has a acceptable Chinese Word processing and desk top
     publishing system called Xiao Ma Que Xi Tong ( Small Swallow System).
     This company is the only Apple computer dealer in Beijing. ( compared
     with over 1,000 dealer of PC's in Beijing and about a dozen of SUN
     workstation dealer in Beijing).

  2) Chinese Computing on PC using XENIX:

     This is the only Chinese computing system that is playing an important
     role in business. The major clients are banks. In Beijing, all the
     banks are computerized now by XENIX and their city wide networks.
     ( Network carrier is just the city's public telephone systems).

     the XENIX are running in their Chinese versions. There are two groups
     of people involved in the evolution of Chinese version of XENIX. One
     is a group lead by Prof. Wei Zhou of Dept. of Computer Science of Peking
     University (Zip Code: 100871, Beijing, PRC). The other group is lead
     by Mr. Sun of Instituite of Software of Chinese Academy of Science,
     (Zip Code: 100080, Beijing, PRC).


  3) Chinese Computing on PC using DOS:

     I guesss that more than 95 % of Chinese Computer users in PRC fall in
     this categories.

     Historically, the Chinese computing on PC is the CCDOS system developed
     in  No. 6 Institute of Ministry of Electronics in Beijing in eraly 80's.
     They founded the base of GB code for Chinese processing. Now, only the GB
     code is the national standard and it is the only code system legally
     allowed to appear in PC Chinese computing market of PRC.

     Following  No.6 Institute's original work, other groups growed in the
     later years. Now, there are following major groups involved in Chinese
     Computing in PC and DOS market:


     3.1) LXPC Chinese Character System:

       This is developed by Beijing Legend Computer Group Co. ( Legend is
       its offical English name and also a name for its Hong Kong branch,
       in Chinese we call it " Lian Xiang", means associative thinking ).
       The chief designer is the chief engineer of this company,
       Prof. GuangNan Ni, who is a research professor of Institute of
       Computing Technology of Chinese Academy of Science, the founding
       mother of this company.

       There are about 100,000 users in this system all over PRC and some
       Asian and USA areas.  The main advantage of this system is that it
       support a 100 % compatibility ( at the register level ) between the
       Chinese processing and Englisg processing. The LXPC board takes
       over the Video Board's display function when working on text
       mode. So the Direct Video Buffer display is supported compatibly.

       Another advantage of this system is in its intelligent input mechanism,
       that is, its LIAN XIAN function, when you type in a Chinese Character,
       it will prompt you several words that is usaully following this
       Character, so you can reduce a lot of input effort when typing words
       and sentences. The prompt is dynamically learning your words.

       The cost of this system is about 2,000 YUAN in RMB, after changing
       font to FAN TI, it can display and print FAN TI Chinese.

       Legend has started its cooperation with Trident System Co. of California
       ( a major VGA board manufacturer, product is TVGA ) since 1991. Now
       the Chinese VGA board has been integrated into a ASIC Chip called
       DLX9200. With this chip, Legend intend to divide the market with
       Trident, that is, Legend to cover Main land, Trident to cover Taiwan,
       Hong Kong and USA.  I used to write the video BIOS for this system.
       Another gentleman now in USA who participated in this project is
       Mr. XuDong Li.  Nowdays, the project is lead by Mrs. Feifang Qing
       ( in charge of Hardware design ) and Mr. ZhiPing Xu ( in charge of
       software design ). Prof. GuanNan Ni himself are now concentrated
       in the mother board design of Legend's own PC compatibles.

       There are two branch companies of Legend in Hong Kong, the Hong Kong
       Legend and the Quantum Inc. In USA, they have branches in
       Los Angeles and Philedelphia, all in names of Quantum Inc.



     3.2) CCDOS 2.13 series

       No. 6 institute of Ministry of Electronics, the founder of CCDOS is
       now no longer engaged in the evolution of CCDOS ( a tragedy due to
       no copyright law protection for their original work, together with
       other reasons). One of their former members, Mr. XiaoJun Wu, left
       this institute and founded his own company, the Beijing XiaoJun
       Computer Corporation. Mr. Wu inherited the CCDOS system and named it
       as CCDOS 2.13, its version number is indicated by CCDOS 2.13A,
       CCDSO 2.13B, ..., the latest version is CCDOS 2.13K.

       The Feb. 13 is the first date that Mr. Wu developed his own new version
       in 1985 all by him alone when he left No. 6 Institute. So, 2.13 is
       nothing to do with the version number, it is now a trade mark.

       The main advantage of CCDOS 2.13 system is that it is the most widely
       used system all over PRC due to its early version is freely available
       and need no hardware support. Many desktop application and business
       application systems have based on this CCDOS sysetem. The users of
       this system has about 200,000, according to the sales quantity of
       the user manual of this system.

       Due to Mr. Wu's personal contribution, this CCDOS not only inherited
       all the valuable features of the early CCDOS, but augmented in following
       aspects:

        i) Printing font reached to 240 kinds. from 16x16 to 64x64, as well
           as the vectorized font which can print high quality document in
           laserJet up to any size in later versions.

        ii) All fonts are available at BIOS level, so, you can easily
            develop a WYSIWYG editor or desk top publishing systems around
            this system. You can develop a fancy presentation systems based on
            it without much effort, even by BASIC language or DOS batch
            command. Programmers can easily display beatiful title in their
            dBASE program to make the monthly financial report
            to be attractive. No other Chinese Computing system support this
            type of function.

        iii) All kinds of input schems are dynamically loadable.

         iv) In latest version, Direct Video Buffer is supported, so many
             English editors and database systems, together with LAN ssytems
             can be used together with it without modification, and Chinese
             and English can be processed transparently.



            8f System, the desktop publication system based on CCDOS 2.13
            developed by Prof. FengYi Wu of Dept. of Computer Science of
            Peking University is now the only true WYSIWYG desktop pub
            system available. It can be used for type setting of books,
            magazine, new paper, etc. including many math, engineering as
            well as music and symbol type setting support.

            Magic Brush ( Sheng Bi ), the drawing and painting utilities of
            CCDOS 2.13  can support Chinese processing in engineering and
            lecture presentation.


      3.3) Great Wall ( Chang Cheng ) Chinese System

           This system also has a major role in Chinese computing because
           Great Wall computer company is owned by the government, i.e. the
           Ministry of Electronics, all the Great Wall manufactured PC's
           are equipped as standard with a Great Wall VGA board which
           automatically support the Chinese and English processing. There
           are about 20,000 Great Wall PC's in use in PRC. Most of them are
           government agencies because lower level government who receive
           their grant from upper level government are required to buy only
           the PC's produced by a government owned company. This situation
           is changing in last 5 years since more domestic PC manufacturer
           are grown up and even paid more tax than the Great Wall company.

           The early version of Great Wall Chinese Video Board is incompatible
           with ASCII system, so Great Wall spent a lot of their resources
           to modify and even to re-write all the major application system,
           from editors, database systems, spreadsheet systems, and desktop
           pub systems.

           It is said that the latest design of Great Wall VGA has switched
           back to be compatible with ASCII system, and will therefore catch
           up with the mainstream of Chinese processing and play an important
           role in the competition.

      3.4) UCDOS Chinese System

           This system is similar to CCDOS, it was developed by a group of
           young graduate student of Chinese Academy of Science who later
           founded the Beijing Hope Computer Company. Its success in early
           years is that it is the first pure-software ( need not special
           hardware support ) system that support VGA display and can make
           use of upper memory for font storage. It is once popular because
           it is the only freely available ( due to no law protection )
           CCDOS version that can leave enough memory to run database and
           AutoCAD as well as other major applications after Chinese modules
           are loaded.

           The UCDOS is weak in printing capability and Hope company seems
           did not pay much attention to upgrade the system. Now, many of the
           memory saving advantages are also available in other pure-software
           system such as CCDOS 2.13.  I have no lates information about
           UCDOS system.

      3.5)  PUC ( Jing Shan ) Chinese System

          This is a cooperation product of Jing Shan ( Golden Moutain, in
          Chinese meaning ) Computer Company of Hong Kong and Technology
          Development Corp of Peking University.

          This is a system similar to UCDOS in papability but better in
          printing and desktop publishing. I have no latest information about
          it.

      3.6) Other Chinese Systems in PRC market

           There are about a dozen of other Chinese system are available in
        market, most of them are not designed as a general purpose operating
        sysetm environemnt for Chinese processing, but rather as input/output
        utilities for a speical application or a group of specific application.
        Among those system are Wang Code 480 ( Developed by Wang Code Computer
        Co.   Mr. YontgMing Wang is the inventor of his famous Wu Bi Zi Xing
        input schem, WBZX is perhaps the most widely used input schem among
        professional typist and secrataries in Chian. ). Another important
        example of this category is the Ju Ren ( Giant ) Chinese System, it is
        good in its desktop publishing function due to a lot of font together
        with its display algorithm is built in on Board Memory. These two
        system can print a good quality Chinese character up to 480x480
        dot without distortion. I have no detailed information on it.
        All these detailed information can be obtained by reading PC World
        (a weekly Chinese newpaper, published by the same company as that of
        PC World in USA )

        I have to mention here that, the most important Chinese Character
        Type setting sytems are developed independ of the Chinese
        Character Operating System such as CCDOS, LXPC, UCDOS, etc. they
        can use any of above systems for input ( in theory ). The
        Hua Guang ( Chinese Light, in Chinese meaning ) System developed by
        Prof. Xuan Wang of Institute of Computer of Peking University is
        the world's state of the art technology in Chinese Type setting,
        They used a patent protected ASIC chip to encode/decode the high
        precision vectorized font.  The latest version run on PC without
        special type setting equipment's support is a system called
        Fang Zheng System.




Summary:

      Legend ( with employee over 500 in 1991 ) is the largest PC manufacturer
      in China and XiaoJun ( with employee over 70 in 1992 )is the largest
      PC Chinese Character software provider in China. The evolution of Chinese
      System in the future will be largerly driven by the competition among
      these two systems in my opinion. Another reason is that both of these
      two companies are using their Chinese Character System as their flag
      ship product. The futures of MS-Window in China is undetermined
      right now, because no serious Chinese Character application system is
      based on the Windows now. A news I'd like to mention here is that
      according to Chicago Chinese TV's recent report, there is now a system
      called Chinese Start now available in PRC that can support full Chinese
      Character Processing with full compatibilty with MS-Windows 3.1. There
      is no need to modify the MS-WIndows to run the Chinese system. It is
      reported that this is a major break through in Chinese Computing. I
      have no direct information and can not comment here.

      This article is a non-technical, brief review of the current status
      of Chinese processing in Mainland China. I will write more technical
      reviews in details about some of above systems in later articles.

      This article is only for the private communication among networkers of
      CCNET and This author assumes no liability to the accuracy of the
      information provided in this article or later articles.




From @UGA.CC.UGA.EDU:owner-ccnet-l@UGA.CC.UGA.EDU Fri Aug 13 10:48:49 1993
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Date:         Fri, 13 Aug 1993 17:47:04 +0200
Reply-To: HU Bo <ucc02au@SUNMAIL.LRZ-MUENCHEN.DE>
Sender: Chinese Computing Network <CCNET-L@uga.cc.uga.edu>
From: HU Bo <ucc02au@SUNMAIL.LRZ-MUENCHEN.DE>
Subject:      New versions of CCDOS/JKDOS
Comments: To: ccnet-l ccnet-l <ccnet-l@uga.bitnet>,
          ccnet8-l <ccnet8-l@brahms.iss.nus.sg>
To: Multiple recipients of list CCNET-L <CCNET-L@uga.cc.uga.edu>
Status: RO

Dear netters,

the most current versions of ShiYong CCDOS (V.2.00), Munich System (V.2.00)
and JitsuYou JKDOS (V.1.00a) are available now at

        ftp.lrz-muenchen.de [129.187.10.35] in
        /pub/culture/east-asia/sw/IBMPC/C/ShiYong.200
                                ..IBMPC/C/MunichSystem
        ..IBMPC/J/JitsuYou

A possiblity to build up a bilingual (C+J) version is shown in .ReadMe in

                                ..IBMPC/C+J

These systems enable the usage of character based standard western software
for Chinese and Japanese applications. Using a multi font setup, upto
8000x4 = 32000 different double-byte characters can be handled on the DOS
level without any signifficant conflict with major European character sets.

Feel free to contact me if you have any questions or suggestions.

Hu Bo ucc02au@sunmail.lrz-muenchen.de

From @UGA.CC.UGA.EDU:owner-ccnet-l@UGA.CC.UGA.EDU Tue Aug 24 04:53:42 1993
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Date:         Tue, 24 Aug 1993 11:50:25 +0200
Reply-To: HU Bo <ucc02au@SUNMAIL.LRZ-MUENCHEN.DE>
Sender: Chinese Computing Network <CCNET-L@uga.cc.uga.edu>
From: HU Bo <ucc02au@SUNMAIL.LRZ-MUENCHEN.DE>
Subject:      Re: New versions of CCDOS/JKDOS (fwd)
Comments: To: ccnet-l ccnet-l <ccnet-l@uga.bitnet>
To: Multiple recipients of list CCNET-L <CCNET-L@uga.cc.uga.edu>
Status: RO


Forwarded message:
>From ucc02au Fri Aug 20 11:22:09 1993
Subject: Re: New versions of CCDOS/JKDOS

>
> Actually, this is not shareware.  You can not use it. It is a commercial demo
> which spend people's time. Please do not do it again.

I thought it would inform the people about some achievements on the sector
of commercial software. I received also a lot of such kind of mails from
other people.

> From the demo, it looks
> worse than the shareware like zwdos - worse looking, lower speed ... worthless!
>

I have tried to avoid a comparison with zwdos all the time - since I think
zwdos is used by many netters to manage the 7-bit-only access of e-mail
networks and thus very useful. But, due to its special code schema, it can
not be used for wordprocessing using standard western software, the most
important application of Chinese computing.

ShiYong CCDOS is now used by many people for wordprocessing, data base managing
(especially library cataloging) in educational and semiprofessional sectors
since its introduction in 1989.
There are several Chinese Newspagers/Magazines in Germany using ShiYong CCDOS
for their layout works.
Since ShiYong CCDOS supports a character and word oriented input method, and
several additional graphics oriented input tables (Wubi, Cangjie etc.) are
also delieverable, it provides a more easy-to-use input interface.
To speed up the screen display, you may try one of the screen drivers with
the name extension _fast or _f. The font ShiYong CCDOS uses is now also used
by CStar for Windows, Tway, and NJStar partly (according Ingar).
I want to mention these in the hope to point out
that what you said on this net is just your invalueable personal opinion
which has not to be shared by all people.

Reagards,



Hu Bo (Author of ShiYong CCDOS)

From @UGA.CC.UGA.EDU:owner-ccnet-l@UGA.CC.UGA.EDU Wed Aug 25 04:19:18 1993
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Date:         Wed, 25 Aug 1993 05:17:30 -0400
Reply-To: "HU Bo, IFT Munich, +49 89 54759129" <hubo@IFT.FHG.D400.DE>
Sender: Chinese Computing Network <CCNET-L@uga.cc.uga.edu>
From: "HU Bo, IFT Munich, +49 89 54759129" <hubo@IFT.FHG.D400.DE>
Organization: FHG
Subject:      Re: 26,000 characters
Comments: To: Stanley G Goertzen <goertzen@BADLANDS.NODAK.EDU>
To: Multiple recipients of list CCNET-L <CCNET-L@uga.cc.uga.edu>
In-Reply-To:  <DFNGATE:N9Te8o+V*@MHS>
Status: RO

As a matter of fact, you can use up to four
different Chinese fonts in many standard
DOS applications. Using my own ShiYong CCDOS
I have shown this possibility to mix Japanese
(Kanji) and Chinese characters without changing
their original code (EUC-JIS, GB). In my case,
Japanese and Chinese characters are input
seperatedly using differnet input routines.
In your case, since the rare characters are
used also rarely even in a dictionary, maybe
a following method can be used:

Start with the GB classical font and,
add all further variants of existing GB
characters to a second (and a third) font, using
the same codepoint;

Try to fill the second, the third the fourth font
with the rest of characters using codepoints on which
there is a some how related character in the original
standard gb font.

Now to input a character which is not in the standard GB
table means:

if it has a variant which is within the standard GB table,
input the variant and mark it to italics or bold or bolditalics
to obtain the desired variant;
(Example: input the simplified TAI for Taiwan to obtain
the classical TAI for Taiwan or TAI for Taifeng (Taifung).

if it has none variant which is in the standard GB table,
input the "related" character and mark it to italics or bold
or bolditalics to obtain the desired character.
(Example: input a rare character by inputting a somehow
less-rare one with some different radicals)

A more compatible method is to use the GB 12345-90, GB 7589-87
GB 7590-87 and a user's set to cover your usage of 26000
characters, which garantee a data exchange with other people
in the future. However, I have not see any packge jet
supporting these standards. (See Zhenbing Zeng
<zeng@MATHEMATIK.UNI-BIELEFELD.de>'s mail on this net on
Wed, 4 Aug 93)

As application software you can use Microsoft's WORD or
WordPerfect's WP 5.0-5.2.


Bo

