From @UGA.CC.UGA.EDU:owner-ccnet-l@UGA.CC.UGA.EDU Wed Jun 16 16:45:31 1993 Date: Wed, 16 Jun 1993 17:42:37 -0400 Subject: Intersting news from Beijing To: Multiple recipients of list CCNET-L Status: RO I receive a letter from Dr Li Xing, an EE professor in Qinghua University (who got his PhD from Drexel Univ. and returned to China). Here I share with you some interesting news: 1. Prof. Li Xing is working on setting up a network among university and Acedemy Of Science in Beijing, in the similar form as usenet in the US. Pretty soon, there will be newsgroups there and almost the anonymous ftp sites. It is expected within this year, the email network in Qinghua will be connected to internet. I am helping him to get some related program/source codes for this matter. If you has interesting stuffs to share, let me know so that you can put it in my ftp site. I will eventually load a tape and send it to him. 2. Recently there was 1993 National Computer Expo in Beijing. There are two Apple authorized dealers in China. System 7.1 for Macintosh with Chinese language is selling for 1500 Yuan (note that a 386 IBM PC in China now only cost about 2000 yuan). At the Expo, QuickTime (a Macintosh Vedio/Audio software platform) attracted a lot of people. 3. Right now the hottest software developments in China are: desktop publishing, Chinese postscript, OCR and handwriting recognition, and Chinese phonetic recognition. 4. The trend of going into business is getting stronger and stronger. In Qinghua, 30% of the undergraduates has a second job outside. While the university paid the TA about 100 yuan a month, some graduate students actually can take out 150,000 yuan to invest in company stock! From @UGA.CC.UGA.EDU:owner-ccnet-l@UGA.CC.UGA.EDU Tue Jun 22 16:07:35 1993 Return-Path: <@UGA.CC.UGA.EDU:owner-ccnet-l@UGA.CC.UGA.EDU> Received: from uga.cc.uga.edu by ifcss.org (4.1/IFCSS-Mailer) id AA17058; Tue, 22 Jun 93 16:07:27 CDT Message-Id: <9306222107.AA17058@ifcss.org> Received: from UGA.CC.UGA.EDU by uga.cc.uga.edu (IBM VM SMTP V2R2) with BSMTP id 0606; Tue, 22 Jun 93 17:06:42 EDT Received: from UGA.CC.UGA.EDU (NJE origin LISTSERV@UGA) by UGA.CC.UGA.EDU (LMail V1.1d/1.7f) with BSMTP id 2604; Tue, 22 Jun 1993 17:06:41 -0400 Date: Tue, 22 Jun 1993 17:04:56 -0500 Reply-To: Z0YIN001%ULKYVX.BITNET@uga.cc.uga.edu Sender: Chinese Computing Network From: "Z. Yin" Subject: e-mail with china Comments: To: ccnet-l@uga.bitnet To: Multiple recipients of list CCNET-L Status: RO Hi, Dear netters: I got a e-mail from my friend, who received a mail from ShangHai, China recently, but he doesn't know how to send mail to this address. I have no idea, either. I then tried the ways we usually use, and it failed. Now if any of you have any idea about how to communicate with this address, or you had this kind of experience, could you please send a personal message to my personal account ? I appreciate that!! ^^^^^^^ (Please DON't send testing message directly to that address in China, ^^^^^ because the recipent may pay REAL cash for it!! Thanks for your consideration!) ^^^^^^^^^ BTW, I wish this posting to this list is adequate, for it's about communicating with China via computer, and I think many of you are experts on this, and expecially on Chinese Computing. Thanks a lot!!! Z. Yin ================== original ( revised a little) =========================== From: SMTP%"/PN=SHANGHAI.ECISOFT/O=SHANGHAI/ADMD=CHINAMAILSH/C=CN/@sprint.com" 17-JUN-1993 05:40:26.66 To: XXXX . . <--neglect by me . please give me a reply. My E-MAIL address is (C:CHINA,A:CHINAMAILSH,O:SHANGHAI,UN:ECISOFT/RSINT/SHANGHAI). Yours Sincerely ... June 17, 1993 ================== RFC 822 Headers ================== Received: by nlab2 (UCX V2.0) Thu, 17 Jun 1993 05:40:07 -0400 Received: by sprintf.merit.edu (5.64/1123-1.0-X.500) id AA06333; Thu, 17 Jun 93 05:38:26 -0400 From: /PN=SHANGHAI.ECISOFT/O=SHANGHAI/ADMD=CHINAMAILSH/C=CN/@sprint.com Received: by sprint.com (SXG 6.0/scanf.7) with X.400 id 00g83iBua001; 17 Jun 93 09:37:58 UT Date: 17 Jun 93 09:31:00 UT To: Jiang@nlab2.pa.uky.edu Message-Id: <"HJJD-1513-3051/49"*@sprint.com> From @UGA.CC.UGA.EDU:owner-ccnet-l@UGA.CC.UGA.EDU Sun Jul 11 09:43:59 1993 From: Liedong Zheng Subject: FWD: CND Special Issue on Networking in China To: Multiple recipients of list CCNET-L Status: RO From: cnd-editor@cnd.org Subject: CND Special Issue on Networking in China To: Multiple recipients of list CHINA-NN CND Special Issue on Networking in China Sunday, July 11, 1993 Table of Contents # of Lines ============================================================================ ** A Special Report - Current Computing/Networking Status in China ..... 305 ============================================================================ Written and forwarded by: Cindy Zheng (zhengc@Sdsc.Edu) 7/2/93 [Editor's note: Ms Cindy Zheng returned to China for a visit last month and came back with an excellent report on the current computing/networking status in China. We hope readers, particularly those with a keen interest in computer development and networking facilities in China, will enjoy this highly informative report. Please also note, US$1 = 8.5 to 10 RMB Yuan] My name is Cindy Zheng. I grew up in the People's Republic of China (PRC), came to the U.S. 13 years ago, and am currently working at San Diego Supercomputer Center as a systems manager. Our center's director, Dr. Sid Karin, is a foreign advisor to the Key Study Development Project (KSDP) in the PRC. This project is financed by the World Bank and the State Planning Committee of the PRC. At the end of 1992, Dr Karin came back from KSDP Programme Advisory Committee meeting in Beijing. He discussed with me many isuues of the project. I took special interest in China's internet connection issue and have worked with Dr. Karin, some U.S. commercial carriers, network providers and my network friends to investigate and to promote the possibilities. In June 1993, I finally made my first trip back to Beijing. Dr. Karin asked me to be his representative, to assess and to collaborate with NCFC (National Computer Networking Facility of China) project which is part of KSDP. I also wanted to find out what people in China are thinking and doing about establishing direct network connections to the internet. Beside the three NCFC sites, Peking University (PU), TsingHua University (TU) and Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), I also visited the Institute of Computer Application (ICA) under the Ministry of Machinery and Electronics Industry, the Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (ISTIC) and the Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP). I was invited to give talks on internet and on San Diego Supercomputer Center, met with the people in charge at each of the institutions, and discussed many important issues with them. At the Institute of Computer Applications, I talked to Qian Tianbai, Vice- Chief Engineer in ICA and manager and administrator of CAnet, which is a X.25-based email network coinitiated by ICA and the University of Karlsruhe Germany. Canet is the first network within CN domain registered with NIC (Network Information Center) in the U.S.. The situation of CAnet has been described by Qian himself in an email and also in Ernest Anderson's report on Jan 12, 1992. Due to the high cost of sending and receiving emails via this connection, there has been no change other than having a few more email users. I also learned, initially from Qian, that the Science and Technology Committee, the State Planning committee and NCFC met early this year and decided to go for direct internet connection to the U.S. and also there is a preparation committee in the making, attempting to coordinate all the network connectivities under CN domain within the PRC. Through my visit, I found that there seemed to be some concern over which organization was going to host NIC.CN (Network Information Center) inside the PRC. Some erroneously thought that NIC was the focal point for all physical connectivity. Some were afraid that NIC would have authority over all the network connections. Everywhere I went, I explained how NIC works in the U.S. in order to clear up any misunderstandings on NIC's functionalities so that hopefully the future NIC for the CN domain would not be an authoritative unit. In the PRC's last 40-year history, coordination between government branches has been mostly initiated top-down. There is a lack of foresight and habitual lack of coordinating bottom-up. In the current environment of rampant power struggle and corruption, there is the tendency for a service unit to turn into an authoritative unit and get abused. The Institute of High Energy Physics is one of many research institutes under Chinese Academy of Sciences. There is a link, 64k leased line, between IHEP and SLAC in Stanford University. Physically, the link is a telephone line out of IHEP to a local BTP (Beijing Telecommunications and Post) office building, then through a fiber optic cable to a microwave station, from the microwave station to a satelite ground station in the suburb of Beijing, then via AT&T satelite link which finally ends up at SLAC in Stanford to the net. This link was established due to the need on both sides - IHEP and SLAC. These 2 institutions are collaborating on a big research project and both sides feel the urgent need to communicate. So SLAC is willing to be the connecting point for IHEP and is willing to pay for the cost on AT&T side. IHEP now is paying about 40,000 RMB/month (approx. $4,000) to BTP. The usage on the link is mostly email, normally at 1-2% of capacity. However, the data that need to be transferred is too much for the link capacity. So they still ship tapes back and forth instead of using the link to transfer data. SLAC opens accounts for IHEP people on SLAC's machines, so some people at IHEP do have internet access. But the usage of this link cannot be extended to general use by other institutions due to the nature of the foundation on which the link is established. I spent a whole day at the Chinese Academy of Sciences, talked to Ning YuTian, the Director of NCFC Computer Network Center (CNC), Qian HuaLin, the Deputy Chief Engineer of CNC and many others. Qian gave a progress report on NCFC and Su Zhenzi, the Deputy Director of CAS Computer Center, gave a progress report on the bid for the main computer system of NCFC. I was asked to give a talk about San Diego Supercomputer Center (SDSC) and internet. I talked about internet development history, emphasized government support of networking as basic infrastructure, talked about how internet works now, especially about NIC's function and role, talked about the rich resources internet can offer, gave practical tips on how to establish an internet connection and suggested certain criteria in choosing the best network carrier and provider. I also introduced SDSC's mission, how each department works, how the four supercomputer centers under the National Science Foundation (NSF) in the U.S. compete and collaborate. These talks and discussions cleared up many misconceptions. Some people there had approached the U.S. Government or the U.S. NSF and asked for permission to connect to internet and got negative answers, hence became very discouraged. I explained to them that government branches are the wrong places to ask internet questions. They should approach commercial carriers and network providers for a positive response. All the institutions I visited are very anxious to establish direct connections to internet in the U.S. NCFC is especially ready technically and financially. Multi-protocol routers from DEC will arrive in July. CNC (NCFC Computer Network Center) people have done some investigations on network carriers and providers: JVNCnet, Sprint, South Korea (256k) and Hong Kong (64k) etc. They are continuing on more fact-finding and detail negotiations. There have been a few reports about NCFC project that are widely read and routed on the internet. I will only update the progress made this year. NCFC backbone - fiber optic cables are all in place now, waiting for the network routers to arrive to connect among three campus nets (PUnet, TUnet and CASnet). These routers are multi-protocol routers. Both DECnet and TCP/IP protocols are commonly used in China. Within a local area network, subnet routers are developed by local technical people, using PC. They are just as good as what they could have imported, but cost much less. For example, imported network bridges cost $12,000 each, but locally developed ones cost only $1,500 each, with multi-port, SLIP and multi-media capabilities too. They are also working on routers' enhancements, to carry TCP/IP traffic on ethernet, SLIP and X.25, so remote connection can be established to NCFC via CNPAC which is the domestic communication network provided by PTT (Ministry of Post, Telephone and Telegraph). All three institutions under NCFC (Chinese Academy of Sciences, Peking University and Tsinghua University) have started on the second phase of the NCFC project - application development. CAS-MIS has created 20 databases locally, they also initiated SDB (Science Database) project. There has been total $2.25 million supplemental investment made by the 3 institutions - CAS, PU and TU. CAS expanded their LAN, currently connected 19 of their research institutions and will connect 11 more by the end of this year. Right now the fiber-optic cable for 13 more ethernets has arrived, the engineering design is completed. CAS is in the process of selecting contractors to sign the contracts and start the actual construction. At CAS, 100 mbps FDDI ring is operational and a 10 mbps bridge loop is an on-line automatic back-up. There are about 100 accounts established on CASnet systems and CAS has conducted some user network training. CAS is responsible for CNC (Computer Network Center) and intended to make it a supercomputer center which will be shared by other educational and research institutions. This involves the purchasing of a supercomputer. This main computer system is a major item funded under NCFC project. Because the funding comes from both the World Bank and the State Planning Committee, the bid procedure is double complicated. Starting in 1991 but not until April 1993, was NCFC able to complete the technical bid document and submitted to WB for approval. This is the first major step in the purchasing procedure and it is the hardest one too. The progress has been slow, from what I learned, there are three reasons: 1. the required procedure itself is lengthy, 2. the U.S. restrictions to China on exporting high-end computer systems, 3. distrust among different institutions in NCFC The major obstacle is the U.S. export restrictions to China. In the scientific and research arena of the PRC, there is a definite need for supercomputers. I visited some laboratories within CAS. Many research projects require massive computing power and are now crawling on outdated small systems. The U.S. is mainly concerned with any possible military use of exported supercomputers, and therefore attaches conditions such as the U.S. personnel must stay with the system to monitor its usage. Chinese side has no problem with such conditions, but cannot afford to pay such personnel at the U.S. salary level. The type of systems they can get without such problems are mid-range computers; in the U.S. we categorize them as mainframes. Within NCFC, there are two different opinions on the solution. One is to purchase the best it can get and share it within and beyond NCFC. Another is to purchase many workstations instead and spread them among different institutions. This argument is not only provoked by the difficulty of getting a real supercomputer, but also motivated by the distrust among different institutions. Historically, this is the extension of the argument about whether and where should the CNC be. CAS won a very marginal majority vote (by one vote) on hosting CNC there. Up to now, there are still three possible configurations for the main systems: 1. 1 supercomputer with both vector-scalar functionalities 2. 2 mid-size systems 3. many workstations forming a cluster These arguments and indecision also slowed down the progress in completing the bid documents. I visited Peking University Computer Center (PUCC), talked to Zhang Xinghua, the Director of PUCC, Ren Shoukui, the Director of PU Computer Networks Lab and others. I was invited to talk about internet and SDSC and Ren Shoukui gave a report on PUnet. Peking University Computing Center has a staff of 64. Peking University has one of the top libraries in the country and is leading the effort in developing a library information retrieval system. Its library purchases reach $400,000/year, 80,000 books a year. The software for automated management system is completed and operational on their VAX 11/750. But due to limited computing power of the hardware, there can be at most 8-10 users on-line at a time and access is very slow. Professor Hu Daoyuan is the brain behind TUnet. He showed me the TU Computer Center and explained to me the progresses made on TUnet. TsingHua University's FDDI ring is operational. One third of total 2,000 computers, PCs, are connected now. There is a concentrator connected on the FDDI rings, but no workstations are attached so far because they cannot afford the FDDI interfaces for the workstations. TU has an international email connection via X.400 to Canada's University of British Columbia. The cost is the fee for the leased line plus $0.09/min and $0.008/seg(64B) at 2400 or 4800 baud. This connection is still in its "trial run" period and the current traffic volume is insignificant. At TU, a menu-driven Chinese email system is developed in order to help non-computer, non-English users use email. TU is also leading the effort in multi-media research and development and specifically it is attempting to attach voice with email. Among the three institutions within NCFC, Tsinghua University is most aggressive in commercializing its expertise in computer technology. Currently it has contracted to do domestic users training for MicroSoft and AT&T. It also has turned some of its own research results into computer and network products. The Institute of Science and Technology Information of China is under China Science and Technology Committee. ISTIC has an VAX11/750 for Chinese database search. It maintains research results, papers, patents, registered business names. They charge businesses for joining the listing and charge users who use CNPAC or dial-in to do the search. The most popular database there is patents'. But the search is slow and cannot accommodate many users at a time due to the limited computing power on the small VAX machine. They are planning soon to upgrade the VAX to 6100. ISTIC also has a database in English, on an IBM 4381. But they have problems in connecting it to the network and the database is not complete, nor updated. So users prefer to do searches outside the country via international connections, but CNPAC makes it very expensive. A few days after my visit to ISTIC and discussions with Chief Engineer Lian Yachun, he invited me back to meet more officials and to give a talk on internet. Present were the officals of ISTIC and of BTP; among them are Prof. Chen TongBao, director of New Technology Department, The Bureau of Scientific and Technical Information under State Science and Technology Commission of China; Liu Zhicai, Assistant Director, Division of Planning and Operation, ISTIC; Zuo Feng, Chief Engineer of Data Comminication Service, BTP and others. Again, the same types of misinformation among ISTIC and BTP people regarding the U.S. permission to China-internet connection and NIC's functionalities etc. were cleared up through the talks. I also learned more about CNPAC and its role in China's networking. Since 1991, CNPAC has been installing 64k/128k links reaching some major cities like Beijing and Shanghai. Currently there are eight major cities that can be reached via 64k links. CNPAC plans to have 64k lines reaching every province by the end of 1993. The BTP-charge for a leased line to connect to Internet in the U.S. is estimated at $5,000/month. Unlike the U.S. carriers, CNPAC has the monopoly over general communications business in the country. CNPAC is definitely trying to maintain its monopoly in future networking business too. It likes to have all major routers under its control, and have everyone else connect only through it. To prevent routers outside CNPAC from becoming major or alternative routers, CNPAC will prohibit sharing on all lines not leased to CNPAC. This is definitely unfair competition and CNPAC's monopoly will likely make networking too expensive to expand, and may hinder future network development in China. All people present in the meeting at ISTIC, including people from BTP, think that high-level governmant leaders do not know what internet is and how beneficial it is to have its resources available via direct connection; and all agree that it is important to inform them. I suggested to them that they call a meeting when a colleague of mine and computer network professional, Jian Ding visits Beijing in Mid-July, and have as many high-level officials as possible attend the meeting. At that time Jian Ding can give a talk and demo on internet resources and usage. This is one action item that resulted from this meeting. One more thing I learned about network development in China is a project initiated by the Ministry of Electronics PRC, called EDI - Electronics Data Interchange. EDI intends to build a commercial network in China with international connections. Its major financing will come from commercial companies. The feelings there are that this network may develop very quickly due to its strong financial backing. Because of time constraints, I was not able to talk to the people in charge of EDI project and will have to leave it to Jian Ding to do so. As the result of the trip, although there are difficulties, I feel that the time has come for China to soon become part of the internet community. Visits by network professionals between China and other countries act as the preliminary "internet connections" to China. I'd like to thank all the people in the U.S. and in China who made my trip possible and fruitful! Cindy Zheng 7/2/93 +--------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Executive Editor: XU Ming Yang in Sydney, Australia | +--------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | China News Digest (CND) offers the following services: | | (1) Global News (Daily) (2) US Regional News | | (3) Canada Regional News (4) Europe & Pacific Regional News | | (5) Hua Xia Wen Zhai (Weekly Chinese Magazine) | | (6) Several Information Packages | | To subscribe or get info, mail to: CND-INFO@CND.ORG | | To contribute news, please send to: CND-EDITOR@CND.ORG | +--------------------------------------------------------------------------+ From @UGA.CC.UGA.EDU:owner-ccnet-l@UGA.CC.UGA.EDU Sun Aug 1 11:22:49 1993 Return-Path: <@UGA.CC.UGA.EDU:owner-ccnet-l@UGA.CC.UGA.EDU> Received: from uga.cc.uga.edu by ifcss.org (4.1/IFCSS-Mailer) id AA29983; Sun, 1 Aug 93 11:22:47 CDT Message-Id: <9308011622.AA29983@ifcss.org> Received: from UGA.CC.UGA.EDU by uga.cc.uga.edu (IBM VM SMTP V2R2) with BSMTP id 1599; Sun, 01 Aug 93 12:21:53 EDT Received: from UGA.CC.UGA.EDU (NJE origin LISTSERV@UGA) by UGA.CC.UGA.EDU (LMail V1.1d/1.7f) with BSMTP id 2644; Sun, 1 Aug 1993 12:21:51 -0400 Date: Sat, 31 Jul 1993 20:55:59 +0100 Reply-To: jerry@candy.nest.nl Sender: Chinese Computing Network From: Jerry Zorge Organization: Clip Subject: Re: Telecommunications in PRC Comments: To: CCNET-L@uga.cc.uga.edu To: Multiple recipients of list CCNET-L Status: RO A while ago Roger Hart wrote: > I will be doing research at Beida next year; I was wondering if anyone > could answer the following questions about communications in the PRC > > i) INTERNET: Is there anyway to connect to the Internet, either through > one's work unit (danwei) or communications service? Cost? > ii) E-MAIL: If Internet is not available, what about other e-mail > connections? > iii) OTHER COMMUNICATIONS: Are there any other forms of electronic > communication I should know about, such as bulletin boards, etc.? > iv) MODEM COMPATIBILITY: Do standard modems work OK with PRC phone > equipment? > v) POWER COMPATIBILITY: Do I need a UPS or voltage converter? Special > plugs? (My computers are rated 110-240V 50/60 Hz). I think you can get on the Internet and get mail (maybe news) in the PRC. I include part of a session I had a with Compu$erve access number (typing PHONES after "host Name: ") in Amsterdam. The general idea is, to you first dial locally to a Compu$erve access number in the PRC. You then should be able to make a choice between using Compu$erve itself, or using its Public Data Network to connect with (public) access service providers in the USA who offer wide area access via dialup to outgoing Internet connections such as FTP and telnet. A description and list of public access service providers can be found in Peter Kaminski's (kaminski@netcom.com) "Public Dialup Internet Access List", (PDIAL012.TXT). The file can be obtained by email with "Send PDIAL" to "info-deli-server@netcom.com". ---BEGIN--- FINDCIS PHN-1 Welcome to the CompuServe Phone Number Access area; a free service of the CompuServe Information Service. This area gives you access numbers for the CompuServe Information Service and allows you to report any problems you may be encountering with an access number. *For 9600bps access, CompuServe supports CCITT standard V.32/V.42 only.* FINDCIS PHN-4 * 3 Find International Access Numbers FINDCIS PHN-14 Enter first letter of desired country (?=Country List): c (stuff deleted) 4 China LOGON INSTRUCTIONS 1 PTT-Connect CHINA TO USA -- SERVICE: CNPAC ACCESS/SPEEDS SUPPORTED: Dedicated Access Service at 300-4800 bps PROTOCOLS SUPPORTED: X.28, X.25 NOTE: The following rates are displayed for informational purposes only and CompuServe is not responsible for any errors or omissions. Rates are subject to change without notice and users are advised to contact the PTT direct for current rates, terms and conditions. RATES: All prices are quoted in Yuan. International Access Charges Connection Charge: RMB 0.80/Minute Traffic Charge: RMB 0.07/Segment Domestic Access Charges Connection Charge: RMB 0.20/Minute Traffic Charge: RMB 0.025/Segment Service Charges 1200 bps 2400 bps 4800 bps --------------- Registration Charge: 100 RMB 100 RMB 100 RMB (one time) Subscription Charge: 150 RMB 200 RMB 300 RMB (one time) Equipment Testing Charge: 200 RMB 400 RMB 600 RMB (one time) Protocol Testing Fee: 100 RMB 100 RMB 100 RMB (one time) Dedicated Access Charges Installation Charge: About 4000-5000 Yuan (RMB) Monthly Charge: About 500-1000 Yuan (RMB) One phone line Modem Charges (monthly) 1200 bps 2400 bps 4800 bps ----------------------- Maintenance Fee: 60 RMB 100 RMB 140 RMB Rental Fee: 120 RMB 200 RMB 280 RMB * Quoted on customer-specific basis dependent on customer location. DNIC: 460Z CONTACT: Mr. Cen Xiaojun Manager Network Management Center of CNPAC 11 Xi Chang An Jie, Beijing, P.R. China Telephone: (85-1) 6010518 Telex: (716) 222199 CNPAC CN ---END--- I hope this is useful. Jerry Zorge --- From @UGA.CC.UGA.EDU:owner-ccnet-l@UGA.CC.UGA.EDU Mon Aug 2 04:11:25 1993 Return-Path: <@UGA.CC.UGA.EDU:owner-ccnet-l@UGA.CC.UGA.EDU> Received: from uga.cc.uga.edu by ifcss.org (4.1/IFCSS-Mailer) id AA06936; Mon, 2 Aug 93 04:11:05 CDT Message-Id: <9308020911.AA06936@ifcss.org> Received: from UGA.CC.UGA.EDU by uga.cc.uga.edu (IBM VM SMTP V2R2) with BSMTP id 2206; Mon, 02 Aug 93 05:09:25 EDT Received: from UGA.CC.UGA.EDU (NJE origin LISTSERV@UGA) by UGA.CC.UGA.EDU (LMail V1.1d/1.7f) with BSMTP id 2008; Mon, 2 Aug 1993 05:09:23 -0400 Date: Mon, 2 Aug 1993 17:11:14 +0800 Reply-To: guojin@ISS.NUS.SG Sender: Chinese Computing Network From: GUO Jin Subject: Re: Telecommunications in PRC Comments: To: jerry@candy.nest.nl, Chinese Computing Network To: Multiple recipients of list CCNET-L In-Reply-To: Your message of "Sat, 31 Jul 93 20:55:59 +0100." <9308011624.AA01882@bochap.iss.nus.sg> Status: RO > jerry@candy.nest.nl wrote: FYI, Some minor corrections and additions. Maybe mine data is out of date. Note: all the price listed in the original email is ONLY for physical connection to the outside world and you still have NOT got an email account. For an email account from AT&T China/Hongkong, you need to pay: account fee: HK$100/month service fee: HK$5/one-reasonable-length-email. the service fee is charged both for sending and receiving email. account pattern: username@attmail.com. Email software on PC is provided for free. You can pay more for other services such as ftp. AT&T China Tel: 86-1-5055566 email account can also be applied from other third parties (you can also provide such service by "donating" you account;-)) > > NOTE: The following rates are displayed for informational purposes only > and CompuServe is not responsible for any errors or omissions. > Rates are subject to change without notice and users are advised > to contact the PTT direct for current rates, terms and conditions. > > RATES: All prices are quoted in Yuan. > > International Access Charges > Connection Charge: RMB 0.80/Minute > Traffic Charge: RMB 0.07/Segment > 1 Segment = 64 Bytes. Basic charging unit: 10 Segments. Cost calculated on both the connection time and the volumn of data transfered (double charging;-) > Domestic Access Charges > Connection Charge: RMB 0.20/Minute > Traffic Charge: RMB 0.025/Segment > > > Service Charges 1200 bps 2400 bps 4800 bps > --------------- > Registration Charge: 100 RMB 100 RMB 100 RMB (one time) > Subscription Charge: 150 RMB 200 RMB 300 RMB (one time) > Equipment Testing Charge: 200 RMB 400 RMB 600 RMB (one time) > Protocol Testing Fee: 100 RMB 100 RMB 100 RMB (one time) > deposit: 2000RMB > Dedicated Access Charges > Installation Charge: About 4000-5000 Yuan (RMB) > Monthly Charge: About 500-1000 Yuan (RMB) > One phone line > > Modem Charges (monthly) 1200 bps 2400 bps 4800 bps > ----------------------- > Maintenance Fee: 60 RMB 100 RMB 140 RMB > Rental Fee: 120 RMB 200 RMB 280 RMB > or buy a modem from them for about 2000-3000RMB. > * Quoted on customer-specific basis dependent on customer location. > > DNIC: 460Z > > CONTACT: > Mr. Cen Xiaojun > Manager also: Zuo Feng, Sang XiaoXu. > Network Management Center of CNPAC > 11 Xi Chang An Jie, > Beijing, P.R. China > > Telephone: (85-1) 6010518 > Telex: (716) 222199 CNPAC CN > Tel: 86-1-6010757 Fax: 86-1-6010717 > ---END--- > > I hope this is useful. > > Jerry Zorge > --- GUO Jin ------- Institute of Systems Science Tel: (65) 772 2587 National University of Singapore Fax: (65) 778 2571 Heng Mui Keng Terrace, Kent Ridge Internet: guojin@iss.nus.sg Singapore 0511 Tel(H): (65) 779 0400 From @CUVMB.CC.COLUMBIA.EDU,@RICEVM1.RICE.EDU:owner-chinanet@TAMVM1.TAMU.EDU Fri Aug 20 10:23:47 1993 Received: from cuvmb.cc.columbia.edu by sirius.ctr.columbia.edu (5.67/5.10) with SMTP id AA11625; Fri, 20 Aug 93 10:23:44 -0400 Received: from CUVMB.CC.COLUMBIA.EDU by CUVMB.CC.COLUMBIA.EDU (IBM VM SMTP V2R1) with BSMTP id 2322; Fri, 20 Aug 93 10:25:18 EDT Received: from RICEVM1.RICE.EDU by CUVMB.CC.COLUMBIA.EDU (Mailer R2.07) with BSMTP id 0800; Fri, 20 Aug 93 10:25:16 EDT Received: from RICEVM1.RICE.EDU (NJE origin LISTSERV@RICEVM1) by RICEVM1.RICE.EDU (LMail V1.1d/1.7f) with BSMTP id 9774; Fri, 20 Aug 1993 09:25:11 -0500 Date: Fri, 20 Aug 1993 03:16:46 PDT Reply-To: CHINANET%TAMVM1.TAMU.EDU@CUVMB.CC.COLUMBIA.EDU Sender: "CHINANET: Networking In China" From: CINET Editor Subject: Fudan CTL X-To: CHINANET@TAMVM1.TAMU.EDU To: Multiple recipients of list CHINANET Status: RO The following message originally came from China (mainland) and was relayed to CHINANET@TAMVM1.TAMU.EDU by cinet-editor@cnd.org (China InterNET Tech Forum). To avoid email-flood to China sites and reduce their international connection costs, we have removed the original mail header. Only mails from China sites can pass the filter for the anonymous forwarder. The forwarded message does not necessarily represent forwarder's viewpoint. Informative technical discussions on CHINANET will be selected and posted to concerned netters in China by volunteers in cinet-editor@cnd.org. ------------------------- Forwarding Message ------------------------------ Dear friends, Attached please find a brief introduction to CTL of Fudan University Shanghai. The introduction was prepared for the OSTC'93 Edinburgh in June, by Mr.Shiyong Zhang who is studying at NCC Manchester now. It is just for your reference, as it was done mainly according to Zhang's memory. The Leader of the CTL is prof. Zhang Gendu, a famous man in China networking and communication society. Shiyong Zhang, zsy@ncc.co.uk, Aug.20, 1993 ****************************************************************************** INTRODUCTION TO CONFORMANCE TEST LABORATORY OF FUDAN UNIVERSITY JUNE, 1993 I. Brief Introduction Conformance Test Laboratory of Fudan University(CTL), grew out of the Computer Network Laboratory of Fudan University(CNL), is the result of a joint project between European Community and China. It comprises three sections: R&D, E&A and CTS-LAB. Research and Development Section (R&D) is dedicated to national projects of networking, including those of conformance testing. Engineering and Application Section mainly focuses on hardware and software development for application projects, such as MIS and SCADA systems. CTS-LAB is to provide test services in China. There is an office in CTL too, which is responsible for logistic support and administrative affairs. CTL occupies the whole 4th floor of the new Yifu Science and Technology Building of Fudan University, where 540 square metres room space is available. CTL has also other 200 square metres of offices in Computer Science Department Building. By the end of May 1993, there are 29 staff members working in CTL. Among which are 2 professors, 2 associate professors, 9 lecturers, and others are assistant professors. Some of them often go abroad to attend international meetings. 38 persent of them (11) have working experiences in foreign countries for more than half year period. 6 of them have Master Degree. There are 11 graduated students studying and working in CTL for their Master Degree, and about 20 undergraduate students working in CTL part-time for grants. CTL is equipped with 6 sets of SUN workstations, 10 sets of PC 386 and 20 sets of PC 286, 2 sets of HP PT500, and some other communication and networking devices. In the last 10 years, CTL had completed 51 different projects, 11 of which were rewarded with various awards. Now 27 new projects are in progress. The project funds of the last 5 years was about 3 million RMB. The project funds of this year is expected beyond a million RMB. CTL plays an important role in China OSI society. II. The joint project The convention of the joint project between European Community and China of setting up a conformance test laboratory in Fudan University was signed in October 1991, and officially started at the beginning of 1992. But the prerequisite work started earlier in 1988 when four of Fudan Faculty went to NCC and BT for training courses of conformance testing. In 1989, a feasibility research was carried out by CSELT under the authorization from CEC. The upmost goal of the project is to set up accreditation and certification scheme in China in line with those in Europe. The project consists of two phases. The first phase lasts for three years and is aiming at technical aspects of setting up the laboratory itself. The second phase will extend the test services established in the first phase and upgrade the laboratory into a testing centre for third-party testing and try to resolve accreditation and certification problems. After the second phase, CTL will act as a certification body as well as an accredited conformance test centre for some subjects. Now the project is on its second year of the first phase. When the first phase completes, CTL will have abilities to provide first-party test services of MHS, FTAM, Transport and X.25, all of which are outcomes of CTS-1 and CTS-2. During the first phase, experts from Fudan will be trained in Europe, hardware and software will be installed, validation and assessment work will be carried on for each area mentioned above, under support and supervision from CEC. CSELT, Italy is the management body on European side for the project. In May 1993, CTL was accepted as a full membership of OSTC, which remarks a milestone of the progress of the joint project. The joint project is mainly concerning CTS-LAB of CTL. III.Test Services Following are some conformance test services to be provided by CTL with available year. Those with '*' are results of the first phase of the joint project. 1992 X.25 (DTE) 1993 X.25*, Transport (0, 2, 4)*, FTAM*, Session*, Presentation*, FTA M/AI 1994 MHS*, ACSE*, RTSE*, ROSE*, TCP/IP, PEDI, TOP 1995 ISDN, NM, ODA, Mini MAP Besides conformance testing, other test services are also planned: Interoperability Test, Performance Test, Development Test, and Arbitration Test IV. Projects Done Some completed projects are listed below. 1. DJS 186 Micro Simulator 2. Simulation Micro Programme Package of System Simulating DJS 130 3. A Optical Fibre Ring LAN 4. Shanghai Universities' Science and Technology Information Retrieval Network 5. Theory, Methods and Software Design for Heterogeneous Computers Networking 6. Service Definition and Protocol Specification for OSI Transport Layer 7. OSI Standardized Network 8. Formulation and Verification of OSI Transport, ACSE and FTAM Standards 9. Research and Development of X.25 Communication Package Under UNIX 10.Formulation and Verification of OSI Basic Reference Model, MHS and Session Layer Standards 11.Interfaces Between SEIS Applications and OSI Application Layer--FTAM Interface Specification, VT Interface Specification, ACSE Interface Specification 12.Research and Development of Chinese and Western Character Virtual Terminal Specification 13.Network Management 14.MHS-PCNET 15.Protocol Verification and Conformance Testing 16.Intellectual Computer Network 17.Special LAN Technology 18.Data Exchange Technology 19 X.25 Terminals 20.Experimental Automatic Data Exchange Network 21.Satellite Adapter 22.CIMS Network Interconnection Technology 23.LAN High Layer Software Development 24.Connecting Mini Computers Into LANs 25.Feasibility Research about the scheme of Shanghai Science and Technology Network 26.The Shanghai Science and Technology Computer Network 27.Distributed Network and Database 28.The Shanghai Packet Switching Network Management Centre 29.Electroplate Auto-Polishing Machine 30.Universal Form Generating System 31.Hong Qiao Airport Automatic Beacon Light Device 32.X.25 Board 33.Automatic Supervision and Control System for Electric Power Dispatch in Pu Dong Area 34.OSI Technology and Its Role on Setting Up Information Systems ... V. Projects on Going Some in progress projects are listed below. 1. Networking Technology 2. RPC Protocol Package 3. OSI Conformance Testing Research and X.25 Test System Implementation 4. Distributed Intellectual Supervision, Control and Management System 5. Outline Design of Automatic Dispatch System of Electric Power Bureau of Shanghai Eastern Area 6. Simulating Dispatch Screen Control System 7. Integrated Information System for Ping Dinshan Mineral Bureau 8. Electric Power Dispatch Simulation Screen Wall 9. Manipulation Order Expert System for Automatic Electric Power Dispatch Systems 10.Integrated Information Networking and Communication System 11.Local Control Systems for Dispatching Stations 12.MHS Conformance Test Technology 13.Data Communication Connecter 14.Networks Interconnection Technology Research 15.MAP/TOP High Layer Protocols' Conformance Test Suite Package Development 16.A Conformance Test System 17.Security Architecture 18.ELSC Workstation Software and Group Concentrator 19.Integrated Communication System of Shanghai Over Sea Shipping Company 20.EDI System Over MHS ... VI. Prizes Awarded Following are prizes won by CTL during the last 7 years. '*n' shows the amount of different awards of that level. 1. China Computer Application Exhibition Award, First Class Prize, *1 2. MMEI Science and Technology Progress Award, First Class Prize, *1 3. MMEI Science and Technology Progress Award, Second Class Prize, *2 4. National Science and Technology Progress Award, Second Class Prize, *1 5. Shanghai Science and Technology Progress Award, Second Class Prize, *3 6. Shanghai Science and Technology Award, Third Class Prize, *1 7. SEC Research Award, Second Class Prize, *1 8. SPC Significant Achievements, *1 From @ricevm1.rice.edu:ding@library.uta.edu Mon Aug 30 23:03:19 1993 Return-Path: <@ricevm1.rice.edu:ding@library.uta.edu> Received: from ricevm1.rice.edu by ifcss.org (4.1/IFCSS-Mailer) id AA05688; Mon, 30 Aug 93 23:03:04 CDT Received: from libmail.uta.edu by ricevm1.rice.edu (IBM VM SMTP V2R2) with TCP; Mon, 30 Aug 93 23:01:04 CDT Received: From CENLIB/WORKQUEUE by libmail.uta.edu via Charon-4.0A-VROOM with IPX id 100.930830230254.448; 30 Aug 93 23:03:10 +0500 Message-Id: To: cnd-china@CND.ORG, Cindy Zheng From: "Jian Ding" Date: 30 Aug 93 23:02:49 CST Subject: China net report Cc: ccic@ifcss.org Priority: normal X-Mailer: Pegasus Mail v2.3 (R5). Status: RO Join the world -- Academic Network Development in China by Jian Ding Systems Engineer U. of Texas, Arlington August 17, 1993 During the month of July, 1993, I joined a business delegation to visit China on behalf of the Dallas-China Partnership of Dallas City government. Having finished my business mission in Beijing, I spent most of my time on another exciting work -- looking into the development of the academic network in China. My visit was following the very recent visit of my colleague Ms. Cindy Zheng from San Diego Supercomputer Center, whose visit established a good base for me to access to China key network institutions and leading experts.(See CND 7/10 Special Report for details of Ms. Zheng's visit). During this follow-up visit, I focused on the relationship among the different network institutions, the existing problems, and the initiative efforts to solve these problems. I. The Current Academic Network Structure Local area network(LAN) units are widely existing in many academic institutions throughout China. But the remote links among these LANs are rare due to the poor telecommunication infrastructure in the country. As a typical frustrating example, it took 18 months beginning 2 years ago to build a 64Kbps leased line within Beijing to link the Inst. of High Energy Physics(IHEP) and AT&T satellite station. This leased line is still the only 64K leased line in Beijing used for remote network linkage. Right now the data communications among various institutions are usually through dial-up link or through CNPAC--the national public data network running X.25. Current CNPAC only has 9600bps backbone rate, and connection(usually leased line) to each local node is 4800bps or lower. Among all the LAN structures in Beijing, six academic networks have had significant internetworking achievements, especially in their efforts to join the global internet. There have been various detail reports on these networks(some of which can be found through anonymas ftp at the flynn.chem.columbia.edu and cnd.org.). Here, I'll omit the network details and focus on special characteristics of each network, its managing team and its future development. China Academic Network(CANET) is the earliest network(1987) that had established the international connection. Although carrying users nation wide through dial-up link, CANET is basically a local network of Inst. of Computer Application(ICA) in Beijing. It has an e-mail-only international connection which routes through Karlsrue, Germany. Because CANET is using CNPAC to connect to the remote Germany mail gateway to send and receive e-mail, the cost of its e-mail communication(both send & receive) is very high. CANET is facing serious budget difficulty and has no plan to expand much of its user bases due to the high cost. Two things that are still bound with CANET are its historical leading role in China's networking, and the personal importance and contribution of its founder, Mr. Tianbai Qian. Mr. Qian is an internationally known Chinese networking expert and is still playing important role in China's academic network development. China Research Network(CRN) was built through a pilot network project running from 1987 through 1990. Current CRN is consisted of 9 institutions nationwide connected through dial-up(PSDN) link or CNPAC(X.25). Much like the CANET, CRN has its international mail-only gateways locate in Europe to take care of international e-mail transmission through costly x.25 public network. CRN's international well-known entry point(WEP) is at the North China Institute of Computer Technology(NCI) in Beijing, which is one of China's top computer research institute. The purpose of CRN is merely for computer and network related research. So far CRN has no plan to increase its users, let alone make it a nation-wide general academic network. However NCI has the strongest network team I have seen in China during my trip, especially in the area of network hardware and software development. NCI has developed its own mini-computers, routers, multi-protocol e-mail applications with Chinese user interfaces, and many other products. Thanks to the support of European Research Networks(RARE) with partially free e-mail routing, NCI is able to provide a lenient e-mail use policy for its network team including many graduate students. The leader of the team, Mr. Xiaofan Zhao, has a strong dedication to what he is doing and is full of spirit of cooperation. CRN itself may not become future academic network of China, but its current working team will certainly be the strong technical base for China's network development. National Computing & Networking Facility Center(NCFC) network is a new shining star on Chinese academic network. Funded by the State Planning Commission and the World Bank(over $10 million), NCFC has built the best metropolitan area network(MAN) in China, and it is likely to become China's major connecting point to the global Internet. NCFC consists of three campus LANs: Tsinhua University Network(TUNET), Peking University Network(PUNET) and Chinese Academy of Science Network(CASNET). The detail introduction of NCFC can be found in Ms. Cindy Zheng's report. Mr. Hualin Qian, the head of NCFC and CASNET team, along with Mr. Daoyuan Hu of TUNET and Mr. Shoukui Ren of PUNET, have led to build the three campus LAN with excellent performance. The NCFC team is now at the final stage to finish the MAN. More exciting news is that NCFC just started its application process for Internet connection(a 64K leased line running TCP/IP). The connection may start to operate as early as this year. The Institute of High Energy Physics(IHEP) got the first international leased line in Beijing for its network connection with SLAC at Stanford University. SLAC pays half of the communication cost for this joint academic project. Only DECnet protocol is currently running on the leased line, TCP/IP will be added in by September. Once finished, this connection will become the first full internet connection line in China. Mr. Guorui Zheng, the former director IHEP computing center and Mr. Rongsheng Xu, the current deputy director, have contributed a lot to the surprising success to build this link. Mr. Xu also has a special vision to promote academic network: he helped open over 200 accounts at IHEP for the leading scientists throughout China. "Once these top scientists learn the excellence of internet resources, they will become the strongest voice to call for academic network development in China", Mr. Xu said. II. Existing Problems Each of the above networks has independently evolved to its current stage. Each has its own technical team, own financial resource, own working agenda and own international connections. If given enough money, probably each would have its own international leased line. Two serious problems lay in the way of further development of Chinese academic network. One problem is the lack of coordination among existing network resources and on-going projects; the other big problem is the nonexistence of long term plan and commitment to build academic network nation wide. It is hard to find any effective macro-management(policy level) or micro-coordination(technical level) among the existing networks. This situation started to cause increasing concerns and sometimes serious problems. Take NCFC as an example. Having relative strong financial resources and technical advantages, NCFC is expected by many others to become main gateway connecting China to the world. The international connection will be finished soon. But how will the other institutions connect to NCFC? The answer is "not decided yet". Then who will decide it? The answer is "not sure". If NCFC does not reach a satisfactory answer on this issue, troubles will take place both inside and outside China. China's PTT threaten to cut NCFC's connection if NCFC "resell" the international link(i.e. allowing the others share this international line). In the U.S., the international network provider also feels hesitated to move on if a routing coordination agreement cannot be reached among various networks in China. People in NCFC argues that it does not get any funding to link other institutions though they like to help set up the link. Another example of lack of coordination is the management of China's domain name with ".CN" as root. Currently there's no agreement nor authority on who should be in charge of the domain name assignment/management and how the domain name server(DNS) should be set up and managed. If the problem is not solved before China gets fully connected to the internet, it will cause a lot of routing or mail- delivery problems not only to hosts in China, but also to every hosts on the internet which tries to communicate to Chinese hosts. (On the recent InterOp 93, the plan to set up a DNS and NIC at NCFC was discussed among a few U.S. and NCFC networking specialists. We will help get necessary software and offer technical assistance.) Almost all Chinese network experts shared the above concern of lack of coordination. Many agreed that the problem is due to the lack of government support, both financially and politically. Quite different from situation in many countries, building academic network in China has never become an important agenda on the government's project list. Having realized where the bottleneck is, the experts in Beijing are joining together to make a change. III. The Symposium on Chinese Academic Network Development On July 27, 1993, the first Symposium on Chinese Academic Network Development was held at the Institute of Scientific & Technical Information of China(ISTIC) in Beijing. There had been some similar small meetings held before. But this time, almost all leading active telecomm. & network experts in Beijing attended the symposium. Among them are: Mr. Xingzhong Gao, Chief Engineer of Beijing Telecomm. Administration(head of CHINAPAC), Mr. Feng Zuo(CHINAPAC), Mr. Tianbai Qian(CANET), Mr. Hualin Qian(CASNET & NCFC), Mr. Shoukui Ren(PUNET), Mr. Xiaofan Zhao(CRN), Mr. Rongsheng Xu(IHEP), Mr. Guorui Zheng(IHEP), Mr. Yue You, Engineer of Inst. of Networking Technology of Tsinhua University(TUNET) and Mr. Yachun Lian, Chief Engineer of ISTIC. A few government hi-level officials from State Science & Technology Commission and Chinese Academy of Science also attended the symposium. I helped initiate and organize the symposium and was invited to the symposium as special guest speaker. Mr. Yachun Lian of ISTIC was the key person who initiated and organized the symposium. The symposium was held at the International Conference Hall of ISTIC. The idea of the symposium was first discussed among experts during Ms. Cindy Zheng's visit in June. The purpose of the symposium was 1). to discuss the current situation of China's network development and existing problems; 2). to make suggestions on future network development in China. The organizers also aimed to make the symposium an introductory/educational seminar for those officials presenting at the meeting. After Mr. Yachun Lian briefly introduced the background and the purpose of the symposium, Mr. Xingzhong Gao from local PTT introduced the development of CHINAPAC, the major public data network backbone. He said that the new CHINAPAC(different from old CNPAC) have 5,500 backbone nodes which cover all capital cities of every provinces on the Mainland, with Canton links to Hong Kong and Macao, and Beijing links to the rest of the world(6 countries currently). CHINAPAC and its international link runs at 64kbps backbone rate. It supports major CCITT X series protocols including x.25 and x.75. It also supports SNA, SDLC, 3270, DSP and BSC protocols. User links vary from 1200bps through 64kbps. User can connect to CHINAPAC through leased line(x.25, 9.6k through 64k) or through dial-up(x.32, 9.6k; or x.28 1200/2400bps). The CHINAPAC is scheduled to put into operation by August 15, 1993. Mr. Gao also mentioned the telecomm infrastructure development in Beijing. The good news for all concerned network experts is that by September 1993, 64kbps telecomm backbone will be available in Beijing with 22 nodes linking together. It means that a 64k leased line can be set up at once between almost any two points in Beijing. This news is particularly good for NCFC which is applying for such a leased line for its international internet link. Then Mr. Hualin Qian introduced CASNET and NCFC project. He especially emphasized the high demand for network link(especially global internet access) from the scientists of all research institutions. There are now about 2,000 hosts on three campus networks of NCFC, and Chinese Academy of Science alone has another 2,000 computers waiting to be linked to the CASNET. He also emphasized the non-commercial and service nature of the NCFC. A commercialized network at its beginning will seriously slow down or even block the development of academic network in China, Mr. Qian said. NCFC is determined to offer satisfactory and non-profit network service to all the academic users. Finally, Mr. Qian appealed to the government for more support on network development in China. Mr. Tianbai Qian of CANET introduced the history and current status of CANET. Telling his own experience, Mr. T. Qian described the difficulties and problems in coordinating network activities among institutions. He appealed for more mutual support and cooperations among all institutions. Mr. Qian has been working hard in getting support and understanding from various government departments and officials. In the following speeches, Mr. Xiaofan Zhao of CRN and Mr. Rongsheng Xu of IHEP both called for more coordination and cooperation among institutions, and appealed for more government support. Both CRN and IHEP's successful international cooperation have well impressed the audience. I was particularly amazed by the professional management experience of CRN. No wonder it was among the top 5 WEPs selected by the RARE community. I briefly introduced the history of Internet and its applications in the area of academic research. Focusing on those officials as audience, I emphasized on the importance of those applications without getting into technical details. Ongoing U.S. NREN project was mentioned as an example of the strategic importance of network development in the western countries. I also delivered a brief introduction of internet management and coordination structure, followed by a suggestion for better network coordination in China. Backed up by the colleagues in China, I also suggested setting up a national coordination committee for academic network development. The attending officials from State S&T Commission(SSTC) expressed support for building academic network in China. Mr. Zhaodong Liu, the director of Information Department of SSTC strongly supported the effort and was willing to push the issue to the higher level authorities to acquire further support. Mr. Gao of Beijing Telecomm. Administration representing the local PTT also promised to give preferential consideration to academic network establishment. Mr. Gao suggested that some leniency may be granted to academic network despite of the existing strict telecomm policies in China. IV. Future Approaches The afternoon session of the symposium was held among network experts on technical aspects as well as detail plan for future coordination. Two different approaches were put on the table for discussion. One is from top down, i.e. establish an official coordinating committee to plan for future network development and take in charge of issues like: financial support, usage policy, network standard, registration management and etc. The other suggestion is from bottom up, i.e. to unite the network experts and users together first, set up a network users' group similar to the Internet Society. The top-down approach, if successful, will be more effective and authoritative in its coordinating functions. But such a committee is very hard to set up without strong government support and financial input. Also in China the non-technical interference will more likely to happen if ever exists such a powerful committee. The bottom-up approach, on the other hand, is easier to get done. Actually, the preparation for a users' group(tentatively called Internet Society China) has already started. Mr. Tianbai Qian of CANET is taking the charge. However, the coordinating authority of such a group was questioned by some experts, and the organizers actually had the same concern. It could turn out merely a social club for network professionals. The bottom-up organization can become a successful coordinating body only if all concerned parties are willing to cooperate and willing to compromise when there is a conflict. This is quite a challenge for people in China who are used to "solving problems by order/command" rather than "solving problems by negotiation". A top-down approach is also a good choice, in my opinion, because it will bring substantial resources along with the authority. But I strongly suggested that the network experts should try all the best to hold the decision-making power of the committee to minimize non-technical interference. It is agreed that the present network experts will make a united appeal for governments' support and serious efforts to plan and build the academic network in China. Such a network, which is named by the experts as ChinA Research & Education NETwork(CARENET), should be built as a nation wide backbone interconnecting networks in major education and research institutions, and should become part of the global internet. Both approaches will be carried on for this same goal. While Mr. Tianbai Qian and NCFC team will play a more important role in establishing the future Internet Society China, the ISTIC and the State Science and Technology Commission are expected to initiate the effort to squeeze support from top. V. International Support and Cooperation The academic network development in China is still in its infant stage and desperately need support from academic communities abroad. Under quite tough working and living conditions, our hard-working network colleagues in China strongly appeal to the foreign friends as well as the overseas Chinese academic and professional communities for financial support and technical knowledge input to help China join the internet world. In order to facilitate exchange with colleagues in China, a group of overseas network professionals are setting up CINET discussion list for technical discussions of China network development. Due to the current high charge of e-mail use on users in China, this discussion list will be a closed list only for concerned network professionals. There is a public relay mechanism built to allow China users post email to public listserv list CHINANET@TAMVM1.TAMU.EDU. If you have any good suggestions or willing to help, please post to the list or contact us directly. Jian Ding (ding@library.uta.edu) From @CUVMB.CC.COLUMBIA.EDU,@RICEVM1.RICE.EDU:owner-chinanet@TAMVM1.TAMU.EDU Fri Sep 24 18:36:14 1993 Received: from cuvmb.cc.columbia.edu by sirius.ctr.columbia.edu (5.67/5.10) with SMTP id AA06345; Fri, 24 Sep 93 18:36:13 -0400 Received: from CUVMB.CC.COLUMBIA.EDU by CUVMB.CC.COLUMBIA.EDU (IBM VM SMTP V2R1) with BSMTP id 1043; Fri, 24 Sep 93 18:37:26 EDT Received: from RICEVM1.RICE.EDU by CUVMB.CC.COLUMBIA.EDU (Mailer R2.07) with BSMTP id 6922; Fri, 24 Sep 93 18:37:25 EDT Received: from RICEVM1.RICE.EDU (NJE origin LISTSERV@RICEVM1) by RICEVM1.RICE.EDU (LMail V1.1d/1.7f) with BSMTP id 4967; Fri, 24 Sep 1993 17:35:22 -0500 Date: Fri, 24 Sep 1993 09:27:37 -0500 Reply-To: "CHINANET: Networking In China" Sender: "CHINANET: Networking In China" From: Kerry Hu Subject: CINFOLINK DIRECTORY OF INFORMATION SERVICES IN CHINA (fwd) X-To: CHINANET@tamvm1.tamu.edu To: Multiple recipients of list CHINANET Status: RO CINFOLINK DIRECTORY OF INFORMATION SERVICES IN CHINA 1993 - 1994 A Guide to Selected Electronic Databases, Information Networks and Sources of Publications in the People's Republic of China and Hong Kong. This 120 pages English language Directory has been prepared by The China Co-operative Library and Information Science Linkage Project (CINFOLINK). Toronto, Canada, a non-government agency. The Directory includes an outline of the current information service industry in China, and plans for future development. It is updated constantly by an on-line service. More than 325 information source are described. Access to the electronic databases is available through CINFOLINK or directly or through partable formats including CD ROM, diskette and magnetic tape. The samples of some database are also available. Price : English_Language Edition : $50.00 (US), $60.00(Can) Add Airmail postage: To Within North America : $2.50 (US), $3.00 (Can) To Outside North America : $6.00(US). Please Send Order form to: Espial Production Ltd. 85 Roe Avenue Toronto, Ont. M5M 2H6 CANADA E-Mail: MHe@idrc.ca (for inquiry) From @TAMVM1.TAMU.EDU:owner-chinanet@TAMVM1.TAMU.EDU Fri Oct 15 18:01:54 1993 Return-Path: <@TAMVM1.TAMU.EDU:owner-chinanet@TAMVM1.TAMU.EDU> Received: from tamvm1.tamu.edu by ifcss.org (4.1/IFCSS-Mailer) id AA07302; Fri, 15 Oct 93 18:01:47 CDT Message-Id: <9310152301.AA07302@ifcss.org> Received: from TAMVM1.TAMU.EDU by tamvm1.tamu.edu (IBM VM SMTP V2R2) with BSMTP id 8005; Fri, 15 Oct 93 17:57:48 CDT Received: from TAMVM1.TAMU.EDU (NJE origin LISTSERV@TAMVM1) by TAMVM1.TAMU.EDU (LMail V1.1d/1.7f) with BSMTP id 1834; Fri, 15 Oct 1993 17:18:44 -0500 Date: Wed, 13 Oct 1993 11:52:29 -0400 Reply-To: "CHINANET: Networking In China" Sender: "CHINANET: Networking In China" From: Nelson Chin Subject: info about cinfolink directory & internavigator X-To: MHe@idrc.ca X-Cc: pk@hnt.com, fire@bu.edu, euge@bu.edu, corny@bu.edu, fbierhau@bu.edu, CHINANET@TAMVM1.bitnet To: Multiple recipients of list CHINANET In-Reply-To: <0001pdlllbzt.0000omimceyy@idrc.ca> (MHe@idrc.ca) Status: RO hello, thanx for the description of your cinfolink... i thought you might be interested that several other classmates and I are doing a research project for a class.. ..We're modifying a commercial internet interface for Chinese capability.. the software is called InterNavigator authored by pk@hnt.com, and he's given a demo acct for our research project.. ..what his software does is similar to gopher plus alot more.. it's sort of a user friendly database/linking/program manager for unix environment for dumb terminals.. and right now we're thinking about it's feasibility for introducing it to users in China.. ..but in order to make it useful, it needs a database of information.. maybe info for those who want info about China, and info for users in China who are interested on info of the outside world, the InterNavigator is also being researched on for use in Mozambique, and is being proposed to the World Bank by my professor, annis@crsa.bu.edu. the way the chinese capability of the InterNavigator works is just running it under a big5 environment like cxterm and/or use hztty to convert to gb coding. nelson From @TAMVM1.TAMU.EDU:owner-chinanet@TAMVM1.TAMU.EDU Thu Oct 28 20:16:59 1993 Return-Path: <@TAMVM1.TAMU.EDU:owner-chinanet@TAMVM1.TAMU.EDU> Received: from tamvm1.tamu.edu by ifcss.org (4.1/IFCSS-Mailer) id AA14056; Thu, 28 Oct 93 20:16:57 CDT Message-Id: <9310290116.AA14056@ifcss.org> Received: from TAMVM1.TAMU.EDU by tamvm1.tamu.edu (IBM VM SMTP V2R2) with BSMTP id 7768; Thu, 28 Oct 93 20:13:58 CDT Received: from TAMVM1.TAMU.EDU (NJE origin LISTSERV@TAMVM1) by TAMVM1.TAMU.EDU (LMail V1.1d/1.7f) with BSMTP id 2701; Thu, 28 Oct 1993 20:13:56 -0500 Date: Thu, 28 Oct 1993 18:14:27 PDT Reply-To: "CHINANET: Networking In China" Sender: "CHINANET: Networking In China" From: Alex Mou Subject: Public internet access available in hong kong via HK Supernet X-To: CHINANET@tamvm1.tamu.edu X-Cc: soc-culture-hongkong@cs.utexas.edu To: Multiple recipients of list CHINANET Status: RO I am asked by Bob Coggeshall, the Hong Kong Supernet manager, to post this: ----- Begin Included Message ----- >From coggs@hk.super.net Thu Oct 28 17:49:43 1993 ----------------------- ------------------ DIAL-UP INTERNET ACCESS HONG KONG SUPERNET ----------------------- ------------------ Sign-up Fee and Minimum Monthly Fee: HK$ 175 Peak Time Connect Charge: HK$ 25 per hour Off-Peak Time Connect Charge: HK$ 10 per hour DESCRIPTION Supernet Dial-up service is designed to meet the needs of indi- viduals and small businesses desiring a low cost means of access- ing the Internet. Supernet Dial-up service minimally requires you to have a personal computer equipped with standard serial commun- ications software and a modem attached to a telephone line. Sub- scribers gain access by dialing a Hong Kong telephone number and connecting to the Supernet dial-up modem pool. The one time sign-up fee for Supernet Dial-up service is HK$ 175. The monthly minimum fee is HK$ 175 per month. This monthly fee includes: [*] LOGIN IDs ON THE SUPERNET UNIX SERVER Each Supernet subscriber receives a login ID on the Supernet UNIX Server with full access to the Internet. Included are personal electronic mail (email) boxes and individual Internet email ad- dresses. The Supernet UNIX Server provides numerous software utilities including the ability to send and receive files from anywhere on the Internet utilizing File Transfer Protocol (FTP), and interactive terminal sessions utilizing Telnet. Subscribers will have access to nearly 2000 special interest discussion groups on USENET News including ClariNet commercial news feed with full United Press International newswire and many special- interest features. There are many utilities available on the Su- pernet Server to assist you in navigating the Internet including: Archie, and Gopher, and WAIS. For even more functionality and ease of use, login IDs for machines and remote networks may be created for use with the UUCP, SLIP or PPP protocols. [*] INITIAL CONNECTION TIME INCLUDED: up to 17.5 Hours per Month Connection time is charged at two rates depending on time of day. Peak time is between 0900 and 2100, and Off-peak time is from 2100 to 0900 the next day. During peak time, connection charge is HK$25 per hour. During Off-peak the connection charge is HK$10 per hour. Our monthly minimum billing is HK$175 which corresponds to a 7 hour peak, or 17.5 hour off peak credit per month. If your connect time doesn't exceed these amounts, you pay just HK$175 per month. [*] ON-LINE STORAGE INCLUDED - No Charge for Temporay Storage Included in the HK$175 per month minimum billing is 2.5 Megabytes of on-line storage. If subscribers exceed this amount, they will be charged at the rate of HK$ 20 per month per Megabyte. A single measurement is taken daily and then averaged over the 30 day bil- ling period. Since we make only one measurement per day, this means that you may store large files for short periods and not be charged any additional amount. [*] HIGH VOLUME DISCOUNTS Customers requiring larger amounts of resources should consider Supernet Dedicated Internet Access. It provides 24 hour/day 7 day/week single line connection, 100 login IDs and 100MB of disk space, and 1GB of transfer volume for only HK$3500 per month. It may be implemented utilizing dial-up, or private leased circuit technology. [*] PREPAYMENT DISCOUNTS Billing is performed monthly. Payment is due within 30 days of invoice date. Prepayment discounts are available: Pay for 6 months and save 10% (HK$105). Pay for 12 months and save 20% (HK$420), which corresponds to a minimum monthly charge of just HK$140 per month! To register, please complete the New User Account Form and UNIX Login ID Form and return them to us along with the HK $175 sign-up fee. FURTHER INFORMATION Please read 'Frequently Asked Questions About Hong Kong Super- net' -------------------------------------------------------------------- Hong Kong Supernet HKUST RandD Corporation Ltd. Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay, Kowloon HONG KONG Phone: (+852)358-7924 Fax: (+852)358-7925 email: Info@HK.Super.NET 23Oct93 -------------------------------------------------------------------- ----- End Included Message ----- From @UGA.CC.UGA.EDU:owner-ccnet-l@UGA.CC.UGA.EDU Fri Jan 14 08:17:31 1994 Return-Path: <@UGA.CC.UGA.EDU:owner-ccnet-l@UGA.CC.UGA.EDU> Received: from uga.cc.uga.edu by ifcss.org (4.1/IFCSS-Mailer) id AA28168; Fri, 14 Jan 94 08:17:23 CST Message-Id: <9401141417.AA28168@ifcss.org> Received: from UGA.CC.UGA.EDU by uga.cc.uga.edu (IBM VM SMTP V2R2) with BSMTP id 2846; Fri, 14 Jan 94 09:01:53 EST Received: from UGA.CC.UGA.EDU (NJE origin LISTSERV@UGA) by UGA.CC.UGA.EDU (LMail V1.1d/1.7f) with BSMTP id 1943; Fri, 14 Jan 1994 09:01:46 -0500 Date: Fri, 14 Jan 1994 13:57:17 GMT Reply-To: "L.S.Ng" Sender: Chinese Computing Network From: "L.S.Ng" Subject: China to Internet Comments: To: CBOGANG@IMICLVX.EARN Comments: cc: Chinese Computing Network , china newsgroup , "alt.chinese.text newsgroup" To: Multiple recipients of list CCNET-L In-Reply-To: ; from "CBOGANG@IMICLVX.EARN" at Jan 14, 94 2:17 pm Status: R China to Internet ================= The recently setup leased line dedicated for Internet from Malaysia to Palo Alto, US has cut down the networking cost substantially. Although the user in Malaysia still pays for incoming and outgoing data (including email), the price is only RM 300 a year for up to 120 MB. US$ 1.00 = RM 2.5 (Malaysian Dollar) Simply this reduce to about US$ 1 per Megabyte of data payable by individual users. I have no idea how much the government of Malaysia has subsidised for it. Also, I am not quite sure what protocol is used for this Malaysia to US leased line, but apparently it is not very fast, it is just a 64kbps satellite link. But it enables every Malaysian citizen to do TCP/IP including Telnet, FTP, Email and Gopher. More services are coming up. The point is that China can do the same thing. I guess the sensible thing to do is to get a similar connection to US with full TCP/IP functions. It should be much more cheaper than the existing route (Beijing to somewhere in Europe)?? I guess the same thing happens in Taiwan and Hongkong or Japan. I am waiting eagerly for TCP/IP connections to China. Are you also looking forward to full TCP/IP connections to China? Sincerely, Liangsheng WU If you would like to find out more about this new customer of Internet - Malaysia - write to NOC@jaring.my. (Network Operation Centre, Network Admin, Microelectronics System Institute, Ministry of Science) If you like to make a visit to Malaysia, please email me. So far, the regulations on networking is much looser than Singapore and JARING (the Network Admin) is now receiving visitors frequently. Also, this year is a Visit Malaysia year. If you are lucky, you may bump into Jiang Zeming later this year :-)