SOC.CULTURE.CHINA (SCC) Frequently Fought Topics (FFT) Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) Version 0.05 Lines: 1404 Mon Jul 13 21:14:22 1992 This is an un-official introduction to soc.culture.china (SCC), FAQ and FFT with answers or no-answers or pointers in an attempt to cut down the noise level in SCC, it will be posted monthly. Plans are also made to post to news.answers and to an archive site, please stay tuned. Your comments, answers and corrections are welcome; please send them to deng@bnlux1.bnl.gov. I took the liberty to list some frequent topics appeared on SCC, it's by no means exhaustive. It's a desire that new topics or new aspects of old topics will be brought forward. I divided these topics in two parts, FFT (frequently fought topics) and O'EDT (other extensively discussed topics). In FFT, these topics are most likely to be recycled every 3 months;-) without conclusions or whatever. If you want to pick a fight or your fingers are itchy, then you should boil a cup of tea (green tea preferred), pull up a comfortable chair and sit down in front of your terminal, select a topic from FFT and hit it away ;-), scream at your terminal if you have to. In O'EDT, these topics appeared in SCC more than once, and undoubtedly will appear in SCC in the future again. It would be nice if someone would like to summarize, if you do, please send your summaries to me, I'll include them in this article. SCC: Table of Contents ( "!" for new items, "+" for updated version) A) Some sources where you can find useful information. 1. CND (China News Digest). 2. FAQ of SCHK (soc.culture.hongkong). 3. FAQ of CCNET-L (Chinese computing and software). 4. Your phones. 5. Newsgroup news.answers. B) Alumni, Lao-Xiang etc. 1. How to reach alumni of Zhejiang Univ. (ZheDa) electronically 2. Listserv for UTSC (KeDa) alumni C) Travel to China 1. What is CAAC 2. Fare Infomation on US-China 3. To China by train D) Misc. 1. Frequently Fought Topics (FFT) 2. Other Extensively Discussed Topics (O'EDT) 3. Buzzwords of SCC 4. How to post to SCC via email 5. How to convert tapes between PAL/NTSC formats. 6. ROC flag vs. PRC flag 7. How to let your "lost" friends find your email address. 8. Zhong-guo and Zhong-guo-ren (collection of ??) ! 9. "Great" songs from that "era" on SUN E) Email to mainland China and Taiwan. 1. The Status of Email to mainland China. 2. Email to Taiwan 3. SERVICE ANNOUNCE from Taiwan - tw.* newsgroups redistribution To view a particular topic numbered xx, use "/^S.*[A...Z].xx" with most pagers. In GNU Emacs type "M-C-s ^S.*[A...Z].xx", (or C-r to search backwards), followed by ESC to end the search. E.g. "Esc-C-s ^S.*B.1 Esc" To skip to new (!) or updated (+) topics, use "/^S.*[!+]" with most pagers and "M-C-s ^S.*[!+]" in GNU Emacs. E.g. "Esc-C-s ^S.*! Esc" To get an overview of just the topics in GNU Emacs, type "M-2 C-x $". Use "C-x $" to display the text again ("M-0 C-l C-x $" ensures that the current cursor location remains on the screen). (The above 3 paragraphs are "borrowed" and improved from MH faq ;-). SCC: CND---A.1 Contributor: cnd-info@djohn-sun.kent.edu CND provides a great deal of information, send a message to "cnd-info@djohn-sun.kent.edu" to find information on: China About mainland China (exchange information) CND Some CND files (introduction and some technical issues) Govt Chinese Government documents & directory of Chinese embassy/consulars in the U.S. Histodoc Some historical documents about human rights and democracy movement in China IFCSS CND-US IFCSS directories and official documents Orgintro CND-US introductions of various organizations QANDA^ Articles in CND-US Q&A column, written by Bo XIONG Tax About filing tax returns in the US HXWZ HuaXiaWenZhai---weekly magazine in Chinese. (QANDA^ is mostly about visa F1/J1/H1/GC and passports.) SCC: FAQ of SCHK (soc.culture.hongkong)---A.2 Table of contents of FAQ of SCHK. It is posted to SCHK semi-monthly, please go to SCHK or news.answers for a full text. A) Info about emails to HK tertiary education inst. B) Mailing list of HK/Chinese students in the United States. C) Chinese software (word processing & games). D) A random Guide to rn and usenet. E) Info about HK GIF files. F) Various HK government, trade, & tourist association addresses. G) Shopping/mail-order abroad. H) Shopping in HK. I) Local HK groups/get-together. J) Important & misc notices. SCC: FAQ of CCNET-L (chinese computing net)---A.3 Table of contents of FAQ of CCNET-L, which is posted monthly in CCNET-L and SCC. (0) What is CCNET? How can I subscribe it? (1) What do I need to read/write a Chinese file with pc/mac/unix/vax/...? (2) Where can I find more Chinese softwares? Either commercial or public domain? (3) What hardware components are required to run Microsoft Chinese Windows? Which hardware platform? What version of which operating system? SCC: Your phones---A.4 To find your high school classmates, friends... in foobar city, get hold the white pages and look under "Area Codes" to find the area code of foobar city. Then punch or dial: area.code+555+1212 to ask for your friends phone numbers or their employers phone numbers. SCC: Newsgroup news.answers---A.5 Many newsgroups FAQ and answers are posted to news.answers, such as how to write rn.Kill.files, how to find your friends' email addresses.... SCC: How to reach alumni of Zhejiang Univ. (ZheDa) electronically---B.1 From: zuer-request@pacific.mps.ohio-state.edu (ZU white pages) The site pacific.mps.ohio-state.edu provides ZUer mailing list and ZUer White Pages services to ZUers all over the world. You can enjoy the convenience of electronic communication by sending mail messages to one of the following addresses: zuer-request@pacific.mps.ohio-state.edu (internet) zuer-request%pacific.mps@ohstpy.bitnet (bitnet) uunet!pacific.mps.ohio-state.edu!zuer-request (uucp) SCC: Listserv for USTC (KeDa)---B.2 From: Jun Wu This is to announce the opening of listserv USTC85-L at RICEVM1. The purpose of this list is for the communication and discussion among students from The University of Science and Technology of China. All students from USTC are welcome to subscribe. To subscribe, send mail to listserv@ricevm1.bitnet or listserv@ricevm1.rice.edu. The first line of mail text should be subscribe ustc85-l your name Problems report to snow@rice.edu +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Only to those who are not familier with listserv This is a brief explaination of listserv's function for those who are not familier with listserv. Listserv is a mailing list server type of program running at a node(mainly bitnet node) to maitain sereral mailing lists, each one for a specific discussion group. The listserv can add or delete entries according to the commands sent by listowner or subscribers. The command can be sent via interactive message or mail. The very basic command you need to know in order to use this listserv facility is very simple. ---> 1) how to subscribe: To subscribe, you only need to send a message to listserv@ricevm1.bitnet or listserv@ricevm1.rice.edu This mail should only contain one line in mail context (ignore the subject line), this line looks like: subscribe ustc85-l Your full name You will receive the notification from listserv when you are added to the list. ---> 2) how to post articles: To post article to all recipients in this list, you only need to send your mail to ustc85-l@ricevm1.bitnet or ustc85-l@ricevm1.rice.edu ---> 3) how to get help: To get help, send mail to listserv@ricevm1.bitnet, the first line of mail text should be: help You will then receive a help file from listserv about all the commands available from listserv. SCC: What is CAAC---C.1 From: s7391920@titan.ucc.umass.edu (Yiguang Qiu) CAAC stands for Civil Aviation Administration of China. From: wu@walt.tmc.edu (Donghua Wu) Chinese Airlines Always Canceled :-) Chinese Airlines Always(Almost) Crashes :-) Choose Another Airlines Company :-) SCC: Fare Infomation on US-China---C.2 From: MEAJW@ncsuvm.cc.ncsu.edu (Abridged version) The following is the responses I have got concerning the air fare to China. I called most of the agencies. My impression is that the fare is higher than that of last year. The cheapest fare you can get is via AC, China Eastern and Kerean Air. Good luck. I'd also add some phone numbers. All of them speak Chinese. USA Gateway travel, Dallas 1-800-886-8180 KC travel,GA 1-800-800-2460 Golden Tour,GA 1-800-325-3828 First National 1-800-669-7398 Uncle Travel and Tours 1-800-882-8983 ----------------------------------------------------------------------- I am doing some investigations too. I got a punch of phone numbers which might be helpful for you: High Far Travel Service (Los Angeles) (800)421-8826 Inter-Express Tours & Travel Inc. (Los Angeles) (800)445-3136 Jetta Travel International (Los Angeles) (800)221-9154 Master Travel & Service Inc. (Los Angeles) (800)221-6789 Polo Tours (Los Angeles) (800)822-7656 Ritz Tours (Los Angeles) (800)421-8305 Tai Holidays (Los Angeles) (800)421-8908 Gateway Express (Seattle) (800)551-0200 Oceania Tours (Chicago) (800)621-4685 Gateway Travel & Tours (Dallas) (800)441-1183 (Dallas) (800)238-2111 (New York) (800)882-0068 Travel agency in China Town, New York, Mayor Travel 212-732-5395 also check the local chinese newspapers (you can get them from any of the oriental grocery stores). they should have phone numbers of local chinese travel agencies. I haven't started calling yet. But I know you could get very cheap round trip ticket if you lucky . Also, don't travel during June--August, that's the most expensive time. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Here is some numbers to call, LianHang travel agency 1-800-426-3149 FaSheng travel agency 1-800-221-0680 HaiHua travel agency, SF 1-800-421-8826 TianYang travel agency, LA 1-800-227-4040 DongFang travel agency, Chicago 1-800-786-1688 HaiTian travel agency 1-800-621-4685 LiuFu travel agency GetaWay travel agency * right # 1-800-878-2828 FAX:214-490-6367 * 1-800-928-9896 =============================================== SCC: To China by train---C.3 From: MEAJW@ncsuvm.cc.ncsu.edu (see above) We have some students tried to take train back to China. Here is some information for these who concern the trip to China via. Moscow by train, hope it is not too old. Visa: If you have a GONG WU ( for public affairs ) passport, no visa needed to USSR. Otherwise you have to apply visa from Soviet (what it is called now) embassy. Ticket: For a pure foreigner, the ticket from Moscow to Beijing is about 300$. If you have student friend in Moscow, it could be cheaper. Minimum price is about 100$ since you have to pay foreign currency for the section outside USSR. The round-trip ticket is no longer recognised by Beijing railway station because Soviet is not able to pay back the foreign currency to China. You might have to by another ticket back to Moscow Hotel: Very expensive. You must find some friend to take care of you in Moscow. The train to China is twice a week. You might have to stay in Moscow for about one week to get the ticket. Security: It seems that no problem for foreigners if you don't pretended to be a rich man, but food is not guaranteed even for the local people. SCC: Frequently Fought Topics (FFT)---D.1 . Relationship between Mainland China and Taiwan. . Xi1Zang4 (Tibet). . MFN status to China. . Democracy, democrazy, demoncracy, demoncrazy. . D-fighters, anti-d-fighters. . CCP & KMT. . Who paid for CSS' education. . Christianity. . Why ROC uses bo-fo-mo-fo, whereas PRC uses pinyin. SCC: Other Extensively Discussed Topics (O'EDT)---D.2 . China's future. . Design of a new national flag. . China's energy and environment. . Nuclear power plants. . San-Xia. Pros and cons. . Simplified characters vs. traditional characters. . Technical details of pinyin and bo-po-mo-fo and their history. SCC: Buzzwords---D.3 These buzzwords are essential to new netters to fully understand SCC ;-). If you have better, funnier annotation, please send it in. AP: Assorted Press. Advanced Parole. CCP: Chinese communist party. CG: Chinese government. Central government. Common ground. CMFN: (extra)-Conditionally renewal of MFN. CPC: Communist party of China. CR: Culture revolution ('66-'76). CS: China spring. Comp. sci. Common sense. Chicken shoot. CSS: Chinese Students and Scholars + variants. D-fighter: Demo[n]cra[cz]y-fighter. Donkey-fighter. DL: Dalai Lama. Displaced lama. Disabled list. DR: Donkey rider. Da4Ren2 (The Honorable) DXP: Deng Xiaoping. Buchanan says(?): the old chain smoking dwarf. DiGan: low ranking officials...(see GaoGan) FFT: Frequently fought topics, not fast Fourier transform. FGNC: Fa1Guo2Nan4Cai2 (to profit from one's own country's diasters) FGNCZ: Fa1Guo2Nan4Cai2Zhe3 (One who FGNCs) GC: Green card. General consensus. GaoGan: High ranking officials, elected or self-claimed or labelled. IFCSS: Independent Federation of Chinese Students and Scholars. KMT: Nationalist Party (Guo-Min-Dang). Kiss me, Taiwan. MFN: Most favored nation. Male-Female-Nil. PR: Permanent resident. Permanent rest. Public relation. PRC: People's Republic of China. Police's Republic of China. ROC: Republic of China. SCCer: An SCC junkie. SO: Significant other. Sex object. TAM: Tian-An-Men square. TI: Texas Instrument. Taiwan Independence. Tibet Independence. UMFN: Status quo renewal of MFN. Xiao-Di: little brother, Scott's signature in a letter to DXP. ZhongGan: Middle ranking officials... (see GaoGan) SCC: How to post to SCC via mail---D.4 Send your posts to: soc-culture-china@ucbvax.berkeley.edu. This host has been a safe heaven for faking funny|malicious|sick|... posts ;-). SCC: How to convert tapes between PAL/NTSC---D.5 From: zuofeng@hylas.wustl.edu (Zuofeng LI) Tape conversion between different systems, such as from China's PAL to the US/Japan/Taiwan's NTSC, is more involved than can be done by using these multi-system VCR's or TV's. This is simply because these VCR's and TV's do NOT convert the video signals, but rather have built-in detection circuits and decoders for the various systems. So say your video tape is PAL. You pop it into a multi-system VCR, the machine automatically selects the PAL decoder, and send out a PAL video signal to your TV. With an NTSC tape, you get an NTSC video signal to your TV. NO conversion between system is done by the your run-of-the-mill < $1,500 multi-system VCR's. To get near perfect conversion, professional machines costing > $20,000 need to be used. Recently there have been some less expensive "pro-sumer" models on the market that can do tape conversion. These models reportedly produce acceptable results, though I personally do not have any hands-on experiences. Heck I don't even have a PAL VCR/TV. :-) One of these models in the Panasonic AV-W1. This VCR lists for ~$2,500, but can be gotten mail-order for under $2,000. This is a VHS 4-head Hi-Fi Stereo machine, but will play back S-VHS tapes ("pseudo-S-VHS" playback, meaning play back S-VHS tapes with 240 lines of resolution). It DOES NOT have a tuner, so you can not use it to record off-the-air by itself. Another such model is the Instant Replay Digital Frame Converter. Instant Replay is a U.S. company based in Florida and has long been specializing in multi-system VCR's. This machine is rather similar to the Panasonic AV-W1 with a price to match. A lower priced model does exist. It's made by Aiwa, but not available in the U.S. Reportedly price for such a machine is around $400 in the far east. The conversion quality is also said to be lower than the above two higher priced machines. If after going through the above and you have basically decided to forget about doing the conversion yourself, you have one way left: pay for the conversion. If you live in a larger city, check your yellow pages to see if there's any local shop that'll do the conversion for a good price. Otherwise you'd have to go the mail-order-conversion route. Magazines such as the Video Magazine, Video Review, etc, regularly carry ads for such conversion houses in their classified ad section. Check them out in your local library. You friends living in cities with a China Town or India Town or What-ever-town may be able to help you too. Prices for tape conversion have been on the order of ~$20 per tape, including a free blank tape. Shipping and Handling may be extra. Appendix: some details of the Panasonic AV-W1 courtesy of spark@tharr.UUCP (Steve Parkinson) via rec.video newsgroup. AV-W1 - Hi-Fi multistandard VCR ------------------------------- Play back VHS tapes of any TV broadcasting system Record in the TV broadcasting system of your choice Play back on any system TV. Runs on anything from 110-127/220-240 Volts, 50/60 Hz - a truly portable machine. The standards used can be PAL, SECAM, MESECAM, NTSC, M-PAL Video horizontal resolution: more than 240 lines SN ratio video: more than 43 dB Audio: 20 Hz - 20 kHz 0.005% WRMS wow/flutter DOES NOT have a built in tuner or RF-converter. How the conversions are done: 1) Conversion of scanning lines. A line memory is used. say you want to convert from PAL -> NTSC (625 -> 525). A number of lines read in, say 6. These are melded together, and it works out 5 lines from these six. It then outputs the 5 lines. 2) Conversion of field freq. A field memory is used. For NTSC -> PAL, every sixth field is skipped. PAL -> NTSC, the new 6th frame is the same as the 5th frame. 3) Conversion of Chrominance signals. The colour signal is demodulated into RGB from the original source, then remodulated into whatever system you choose. Stil, slow, frame advance, cue in any mode. Plays back any S-VHS tape but: 'Playback of the high resolution SVHS tapes is not possible. Recording in SVHS is not possible. Picture defects may occur during playback of special effect with tapes recorded in SVHS.' From: wa2ise@cbnewsb.cb.att.com (robert.f.casey) However, there are two factors in TV signals. There is the color signal, and there is the frame rate. Most converter VCRs can change the color signal (NTSC=3.58MHz doulbe sideband and phase modulation) (PAL=about 4.43MHz phase alternate line, and double sideband) (SECAM= some sort of Frequency modulation scheme, at 4.43 MHz) Converting from one of these to another is fairly easy (decode to component signals, then remodulate into new system). The other thing that makes life harder for NTSC folks is the frame rate, 30 frames a second, or 60 fields a seconds (2 fields interlace to make a frame). PAL and SECAM use 25 frames a second, or 50 fields. Converting this takes a lot of video digital memory. VCRs can't afford the cost of this, so a VCR playing a NTSC tape tp "PAL" will just do the color signal conversion, and leave the frame rate at NTSC rates. *If* the PAL TV your family in China has can sync to NTSC rates, then they can see your NTSC color tape with the converting VCR. From: cs5381au@utdallas.edu (student) And, the number of scanning lines are different between PAL and NTSC too. PAL system has 625 lines while NTSC system has 525 lines. With an NTSC playback PAL VCR, when you play an NTSC tape, part of you PAL TV is filled with blank, somewhat similar to letterboxed video. A system converter can convert the number of scanning lines via a digital video memory. SCC: ROC flag vs. PRC flag---D.6 Source: Webster's Concise Encyclopedia of Flags & Coats of arms. Editor: William G. Crampton. ISBN 0-517-4999517 On page 81: China People's republic The flag features the traditional Chinese colours and was inspired by the Soviet flag. It has a red field and in the upper hoist there is a large yellow five-pointed star with four smaller yellow stars. These are arranged so that one of their points is directed towards the centre of the large star. According to the official interpretation, the large star represents the common programme and the unity of the people led by the Communist Party, while the smaller stars stand for the workers, the peasants, the petty bourgeoisie and the patriotic capitalists, all of whom participate in the commom programme of building socialism. Red is the colour of revolution but in the past it symbolized the Chinese people. The flag was introduced in 1949. On page 90: Taiwan Republic Taiwan is the territory controlled since 1949 by the Republic of China ("Nationalist China"), and uses the flag adopted in 1928 as the national flag of China. The flag was first used as a military ensign in 1914, and is based on the flag of the ruling Kuomingtang party. It is known as the "White Sun in Blue Sky on Red Field". The sun has twelve rays which stand for the twelve two-hour periods of the day, and the sun itself represents the yang or male element in the well-known yin and yang principle. The colours are said to stand for the Three Principles of the People, laid down by the father of the Chinese Revolution of 1911, Dr Sun Yat-sen: popular well-being, popular government and popular sovereignty. However, as in the People's Republic of China, the red field undoubtedly stands for the Chinese themselves, in the case guided by the White Sun in Blue Sky flag of the Kuomingtang. From: jchu@nmsu.edu (Jeff Chu) When Dr. Sun was planning his first revolution attempt, his comrade Lu4 Hau4-Dong1 designed the "Blue Sky-White Sun" flag for their organization -- Xing1 Zhong1 Hui4. But someone, out of the traditional absolute loyalty to the emperor, informed Ching government and the revolution was cracked down before it could be launched. Lu was arrested and executed. After two failed revolution attempts, Xing Zhong Hui was exaughsted. But many other revolutionary organizations were inspired by it. They formed Tong2 Meng2 Hui4 and after many more tries, finally overthrew the Ching Dynasty. Tong Meng Hui kept Dr. Sun as their nominal leader and the "Blue Sky-White Sun" flag as their nominal symbol. But each branch withing the Tong Meng Hui had its own commanding system and symbol. We should not over-emphasize the symbolic value of the "B.S.-W.S." flag during the revolution. After all, disloyalty to the emperor was such a horroble idea to most people, the revolutionaries did not need to use any symbol to attract attention (to themselves and to their cause). [I do not mean they did not want attention. They already got great attention without any symbol.] After the revolution, Tong Meng Hui was reorganized (some dropped out any a great many joined in) into KMT. Some years later, Dr. Sun gave up KMT and organized a Zhong1 Hua2 Ge2 Ming4 Dang3; yet later, he gave up this one and organized Zhong1 Guo2 Guo2 Ming2 Dang3 (the formal name of today's KMT). After the death of Dr. Sun, Chiang Kai-Shek took over the leadership of KMT by force and shaped it to the current form. Even though there have been five different organizations led by Dr. Sun, KMT always claims they are the same. So, KMT's history is over 100 years starting from Xing1 Zhong1 Hui4. One thing indeed is consistent is that all five organizaions use the "B.S.-W.S." flag. However, the original ROC national flag was the "Five Colour" flag chosen in 1911. It was replaced by the "Blue Sky-White Sun-Red Groung" flag in 1928, after CKS conquered most parts of China. The Great Britain used to put her own flag at the upper (pole side) quarter of all flags of her colonies. Likewise, the KMT flag at the upper quarter of ROC flag symbolize the domination of KMT. [In the old days, CKS would have put the Han4 Character Jiang3 at the upper quarter of his flag.] It is wrong to say the ROC flag was the one used in anti-Ching revolution. The "Red Ground" part was definitely not there. I do not know when someone added the red part to create the ROC flag. I suspect it has some thing to do with Russian advisers of Dr. Sun. SCC: How to let your "lost" friends find your email address---D.7 Should you post at least once to USENET with your real name, you friends will be able to find your email address. See A.5 SCC: Zhong-guo and Zhong-guo-ren (collection of ??)---D.8 Collected by: laba-sn@congo.Berkeley.EDU (Tze-yau Huang) The sequence is randomly arranged. --[horne-scott@cs.yale.edu (Scott Horne)]----------------------------- Many people claim incorrectly that the Chinese call China "the middle country" because the ancient Chinese thought of China as the centre of the universe. That is incorrect. Before China was unified, the eastern part of China consisted of many separate kingdoms. (The derivation of the term "The Central Kingdom" [== `Zhong1guo'] is left to the astute reader.) As the areas of the kingdoms changed, the definition of `Zhong1guo' changed, and now it applies to all of China (including Taiwan and, if you're a KMTer, Mongolia :-) ). ---------------------------------------------------------------------- --[lix@bucrsb]-------------------------------------------------------- I think the concept of "central state" is much earlier than that. Dr. Ji Chang once used it to refer the area around Henan, in about 1000BC, for example, Wen Wang Yue Zi (Dr. Ji said: guys!) Zi Ru Ying Shang. (I tell you HeNan Kua Zi) Ru Pao Xiu Yu Zhong Guo, (You guys make too much noice on SCC) ...... I believe this quotation is from ShiJing: Dang. In these early ducuments, even earlier than 1000BC, the concepts of ZhongGuo/ZhongTu and SiGuo/SiFang/ SiBang/WanBang/WanGuo are very clearly contrasted. But the frequency of usage of ZhongGuo is much much lower than SiGuo etc. The reason, I believe, is there was no comparable cultures around, the concept of ZhongGuo was then an implication, seldom need to mention directly, until we finally found we had slept too long. ---------------------------------------------------------------------- --[jamesou@ZYGOTE.HSC.USC.EDU (James Ou)]--------------Date: 15 May 91 About six months ago there was a brief discussion on SCC about the name "Zhong1 Guo2". A netter pointed out that the name "Zhong1 Guo2" can be found in "Zhan4 Guo2 Ce4" (Annals of the warring states). In that book, Zhong Guo was used to refer to the central states as opposing to the boundary states such as Qin2, Yan1 and Chu3. In fact, since Zhou1, the common leader (Gong4 Zhu3) of all the states was located at the center, I suspect that "Zhong1 Guo2" was referring to "Zhou1". Zhong1 Guo2 was eventually used to represent China. Its usage in Chinese history, however, was rare until the fall of the Qing dynasty. After Qing dynasy, Zhong Guo was used more often than ever. In fact, it has been used pretty much as the abbreviation of ROC and PRC. Another term used to represent China was "Zhong1 Hua2". Hua2 here means "beautiful". Incidentally, the name of ROC (Zhong1 Hua2 Min2 Guo2) came from the following words of Dr. Sun Yat-sen: "Qu1 Zhu2 Da2 Lu3, Hui1 Fu4 *Zhong1 Hua2*, Chuang4 Jian4 *Min2 Guo2*, Ping2 Jun1 Di4 Quan2" (Expelling Manchurians and foreign invaders, restoring China, establishing a republic, and initiating land reform.) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- --[chang@utkux1.utk.edu (chang)]-------------------------------------- As an example of the usage of Zhong Guo, please read: Jiu4 Tang2 Shu1, Juan4 196 Lie4 Zhuan4 146, Tu3 Bo2 (Tibet), (shang4). At the end of the first paragraph, it said "Wei4 Tong1 Yu2 Zhong Guo", (no contact with Zhong Guo). ---------------------------------------------------------------------- --[chang@utkux1.utk.edu (chang)]-------------------------------------- There is a good explanation about the meaning and evolution of the word Zhong Guo in Ci2 Hai3 by Shanghai Dictionary Publisher, 1979. The original usage of Zhong Guo was much earlier than I expected. Ci2 Hai3 listed the usages of Zhong Guo in the ancient historical documents and literatures: Shi1 Jing1, Li3 Ji4, Shi3 Ji, and Jin4 Shu1. The original meaning of Zhong Guo is the center of a country and thus was used to mean the capital of a country. Since the ancester of Han Chinese, Hua2Xia4 people, had their capitals almost all in the middle range of the yellow river, and that Hua2Xia4 people was surrounded by the minority groups at that time, the area was called Zhong Guo (around the current Henai province). Later the area meant by Zhong Guo was expanded to all that ruled by Hua2Xia4 or Han people. Ci2 Hai3 doesn't mention if Yuan and Qing were called Zhong Guo but I believe so. It seems that the following observations can be made: 1. Zhong Guo has been used as a geographical term for the area dominated by Hua2Xia4 or Han Chinese (not necessarily ruled) for at least about 3000 years. 2. Zhong or "central" here is a local concept, it has nothing to do with being at the center of the world. 3. After the founding of the ROC, Zhong Guo was used as its abbrev. and later PRC uses the same abbrev. And thus using Zhong Guo Ren as the name of the citizen od ROC and/or PRC is widely accepted. 4. However, this does not exclude using Zhong Guo Ren by its ethnical meaning, the peoples living in the geographical Zhong Guo and their descendants. ---------------------------------------------------------------------- --[chu@nmsu.edu (Jeff Chu)]------------------------------------------- In which previous period did "Zhuong Guo Ren" have its present meaning? When was the term "Zhuong Guo Ren" first used to reprepresent people in today's China? In Ching (Qing) Dynasty, the term was "Ching (Qing) Kuo Ren" (in its discriminating tone, Japanese used "Ching Kuo Nu2" to call Chinese at that time). The earliest use of "Zhuong Kuo" (not Zhuong Kuo Ren) I can find is in literatures of Tang Dynasty. Hen2 Yu4, in his article Yuen2 Dau4, said Kuong3Zi3 considered those nations/tribes who used Yi2 (lower culture level people) customs as Yi2 people; "Qi2 Jieng4 Yu2 Zhuong1 Kuo2, Ze2 Zhuong1 Kuo2 Zhi1" (those who advanced to the Zhuong Kuo level were considered as belong to Zhuong Kuo). So, according to the traditional Chinese thoughts, Han people is not necessarily Chinese. It all depends on your culture level. CCP and KMT are not part of Zhuong Kuo. ---------------------------------------------------------------------- --[yjhhis@dante.lbl.gov (Joe Huang)]---------------------------------- How new this term Zhongguo is can be deduced by the various terms used by earlier Chinese immigrants. For example, the Cantonese in American call themselves "Tong Yun" (Tang ren = People of Tang), and Chinatowns "Wa Fou" (Hua2fu3 (?), the second character is so little used in Mandarin that I forgot how it's pronounced...). The Chinese in Vietnam are called the "Hoa" (Hua), while I found to my puzzlement on a trip to Malaysia that the settled Chinese there were called the "Baba", the explanation of which I have long since forgotten. Anyway, it seems nobody said "Zhongguo" or "Zhongguoren" before the 1911 revolution, so your statement about its derivation from a speech by Sun Yatsen is, again, highly plausible... Another personal anecdote I have is related to my attempt to learn Korean by reading Korean folk tales written for children. Many of these stories were set in China, but always referred to people and places by the dynasty, not as "Zhongguo". For example, "Long time ago a man of Ming...", or "Once upon a time in the nation of Ch'ong (Qing)...". ---------------------------------------------------------------------- SCC: "Great" songs from that "era" on SUN---D.9 From: xiaoyu@grumpy.SSC.GOV (Xiaoyu Li) Try anonymous ftp to "dale.ssc.gov". All these songs are digitized in SUN desktop SPARCstation audio format (probably can be played on NEXTstations too). You should be able to find them in the directory pub/misc/audio. Right now, most of the songs are "old revolutionary songs" and "model Beijing opera". It would be great if more netters contributed to the collection and shared their favorite songs with us. 00.Our_Songs.gb 00.SGI-ReadMe 00.ls-l B01.Red_Bright_Heart B02.Hot_Blood B03.Home_In_AnYuan B04.Commies B05.Denoucing_Enemy B06.Blood_Debt B07.Never_Off_Battlefield B08.Our_Own_Troop B09.Hunting_Tiger B10.Treasure_Of_Father B11.Sun_In_Bosom CR.Pround_To_Be_Oiler.au CR.Xiao3_Xiao3_Zhu2_Pai2.au CR01.Red_Sun_Ode CR02.Beautiful_Zhuang_Brocade CR03.Sun_Over_Prairie CR04.Star_Moon_Together CR05.Wusuli_Boat_Song CR06.Golden_Sun CR07.Shining_Over_Border CR08.Kindness_Of_Mao CR09.Golden_Hill F01.Goodbye_My_Friend M.A_One_Last_Shot.au M.Empty_Hands.au M.Nan2_Ni2_Wan1.au M01.Let_World_Filled_With_Love M02.I_have_Nothing M03.Sister_Go_Forward_Boldly M04.Late N01.Little_Flower N02.Corner_Of_Love N03.Song_Mama_Left_Me N04.Wild_Geese_Flying_South N05.I_Love_You_China N06.Azalea N07.Love_Life N08.Sweet_Business N09.Velvet_Flower N10.15th_Moon_M N11.15th_Moon_W N12.Missing_Home N13.Rose_In_Heart N14.Red_Leaves S01.My_Motherland S02.My_Tu_Pipa S03.Why_Roses_Red S04.No_CCP_No_China S05.Ode_To_Plum S06.Socialism_Good S07.Nineth_9_Sunny_Day S08.Dear_Party_Mama S09.A_Shi_Ma S10.Small_Swallow S11.Butterfly_Spring S12.Paean S13.High_XingAnLing S14.Heroic_Sons_Daughters S15.Liu_San_Jie S16.Seeing_Off S17.A_Shima_Home S18.Meeting_At_Aobao T.ZC_WenRou.au T01.Please_Follow_Me T02.Tomorrow_Be_Better TO.ADM.UPLOAD.gb V01.Mao_Zedong V02.Zhou_Enlai X01.Couple_Going_Home X02.Heaven_On_Earth SCC: The Status of Email to mainland China---E.1 Contributed by: xiaojian@ccit.arizona.edu 1) Newsgroup: fcs.info-nets ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Date: 9 Apr 92 09:00:32 GMT From: kuang@rdsparc2.CSELT.STET.IT (Kuang Jiaxing) There are two E-mail network effective in China, CRN and CANET. CANET Chinese Academic Network (CN-DOM) Try asking Qian@ica.beijing.canet.cn for details. CRN China Research Network CRN is a X.400 based network, as far I know, there are a few universities and institutes connected to CRN, they are NCI (NorthChina Computing Institute), Fudan University, Shanghai Jiaotong University, SCI (30th Institute), SCL (54th Institute), ECI (32th institute), more universities and institutes are connecting to CRN, for details contact postmaster@cnlab.nci.crn.cn or xiaofan.zhao@cnlab.nci.crn.cn Good luck Kuang ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 2) WHOIS Database at NIC of DDN ------------------------------------------------------------------------- CANET Chinese Academic Network (CN-DOM) c/o ICA P.O. Box 2418-26 Che-Dao-Gou Street Beijing PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA Domain Name: CN Administrative Contact: Qian, Tian Bai (TBQ) QIAN@ICA.BEIJING.CANET.CN +86 841-3654 Technical Contact, Zone Contact: Rotert, Michael (MR78) Rotert@IRA.UKA.DE +49 721 608 4221 Record last updated on 05-Mar-91. Domain servers in listed order: IRAUN1.IRA.UKA.DE 129.13.10.90 NS.EU.NET 192.16.202.11 NS.UU.NET 137.39.1.3 Top Level domain for the People's Republic of China ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 3) From: "Herman J. Woltring" ------------------------------------------------------------------------- As an editor of campus magazine with a special report on network connection to mainland China, I tried very hard to find out any possibly way for sending e-mails to there. I got help from kind netters, from whois database, knowing that CANET(Chinese Academic Network) users actually have e-mail access with Internetter. So I contacted Mr. Qian, the administative contact of CANET via e-mail and personal letter. Finally, I got response after Mr. Qian got my personal letter. (Now, people in Taiwan can mail letters to mainland China indirectly, via Hong Kong.) Mr. Qian gave me some introduction of CANET, and eventually mentioned the main problem is lack of funds, so people on CANET have to pay fees for both receiving and sending e-mail abroad. In this case, after you reading this message, PLEASE DON'T TRY TO SEND E-MAILS TO MR. QIAN ASKING ABOUT FURTHER DETAIL, SINCE I CAN NOT MAKE SURE MR. QIAN ALSO HAVE TO PAY FEE FOR HIS E-MAIL OR NOT. I am afraid the mail flood will cause another big problem to him. Thank you. === Original message from Mr. Qian From: cn%"QIAN@ica.beijing.canet.cn" 20-AUG-1991 19:18:57.92 To: p7911013@twnctu02.bitnet CC: Subj: reply 20 Aug 91 09:37:08 CET Received: from ira.uka.de by vm.gmd.de (IBM VM SMTP R1.2.2MX) with TCP; Tue, 20 Aug 91 09:36:51 CET Received: from ica.beijing.canet.cn by iraun1.ira.uka.de id aa10842; 20 Aug 91 9:32 MET DST Date: Tue, 20 Aug 91 15:06 CHINA TIME +100 From: QIAN@ica.beijing.canet.cn Subject: reply To: 7911013@twnctu02.bitnet Message-id: <29780B1EE25F00002B@ICA.BEIJING.CANET.CN> X-Organization: ICA BEIJING CHINA X-Envelope-to: 7911013@twnctu02.bitnet X-VMS-To:IN%"7911013@twnctu02.bitnet",QIAN Mr.Huang, Thank you for your letter of Aug.5. Some time ago I received an email from you, and I'm sorry I have been unable to answer it sooner. Thank you for your paying great attention to the CANET project. Herewith I'm encluding the brief introduction to CANET. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CANET , co-initiated by ICA ( Beijing Instutute for Computer Applications ) and the University of Karlsruhe ( Germany ) began in 1986. Its purpose is to integrate chinese academic communities with the worldwide computer network, and to promote information exchange and technical cooperation with the rest of the world. The initial service provided by CANET is international E-mail delivery. The first connection with CSNET was actually set up in Sep.1987. The central machine located in ICA , Siemens 7,760/ BS2000 running PMDF/BS2000 software, was successfully connected with the E-mail systems all over the world by means of a relay machine at the Uni- versity of Karlsruhe. Since then , CANET has been operational and has provided the worldwide E-mail service for some academic communities within China. In 1990 Oct. , the top level domain ---" CN " for China was registered with DDN SRI--NIC by ICA . This is a very important step for the development of CANET. CANET is a store and forward electronic mail network . Recently,the central machine in CANET is a Micro VAXII--cluster system under VMS 4.7 running PMDF 3.1/VMS,which acts as an interna- tional gateway linking the main domain server located at Uni. Karl- sruhe by x.25 through the CHINAPAC (Chinese Packed Switching Network). For remote sites, CANET is accessible for any academic communi- ty of China through the CHINAPAC ( national x.25 PDN ) or the dial up telephone links, at 1200 bps and 2400 bps or 4800 bps (depending on the cost factor ). End--user's PC or workstations can access to local node machine by terminal emulation . CANET adopts RFC--822 formats. CHINAPAC , the first national PDN in China , was operational in the end of 1989 , it is authorized by the goverment and run by the Ministry of Posts and Telecommications of China. This network is based on x.25. At persent, it is still on the first stage and has 3 node-machines ( Package Switching Node ) and 8 package multiplexers which are located at 11 major cities in China. It has international link through the satellites. All amchines of CANET implement Internet DNS ( domain naming system ) syntax. The top level domain --- " CN " for China has been operational since Jan.1991 . Currently, the international mail delivery usually takes half a day . At present , 16 sites have been connected within CANET. It is true , many institutions and universities have estab- lished their private local network in the compus, most of them are interested in joning CANET.But, there are the financial boundaries- ---lack of the funds. If the funding is available, CANET will be growing rapidly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Frankly speaking,the CANET has not been a part of the Internet yet, because it does't implement the TCP/IP protocol suite to link with the Internet via the leased line directly.that is why CANET is unable to do FTP and R-Login recently.Also,this is the reason that CANET's user has to pay the international communication fees not only for sending mail but also for receiving mail. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 4) Haines Brown (brownh@ccsu.ctstateu.edu) ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Qiang Alex ZHAO wonders if it is possible to reach someone by e-mail in China. There has been some discussion of this issue. Mr. Zhao might want to contact Roger Burns (BFU@NIHCU.BITNET), who has interested himself in this matter, and he might be able to provide the communication of Ernest Anderson (GEAND@EDUC.UMass.edu) which spells out the various options and difficulties. A person who apparently makes it a point to keep up on these matters is Geoff Sears (gsears@igc.org). I get the impression things might not be quite as forbidding at they first appear, and there is slow improvement. I suggest contacting Geoff Sears to find out about the current situation. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 5) From GEAND@educ.umass.edu Thu Apr 9 18:23:22 1992 ------------------------------------------------------------------------- This will get you started. Yes, it is EXTREMELY costly and for that reason I will NOT tell people E-mail addresses in China. The archives of this list should contain some of the traffic this posting caused. ...................................................................... China network observations from October, 1991, visit 1/12/92 The Institute of Computer Applications (ICA) at 10 Che Dao Gou, Haidian District, Beijing, was created to provide data processing and computer services to small and medium organizations that could not afford their own computer installations. The ICA office is extremely difficult to find; it is "hidden" at the rear of a complex whose main mission appears to be quasi-military, and whose neighbors "don't know anything about it." ICA is under the Ministry of Machinery and Electronics Industry. Contact was established by E-Mail to SYSTEM@ICA.Beijing.Canet.CN Qian Tian Bai, Vice-Chief Engineer, P.O.Box 2418-26, Beijing, China 100081, phone 841-3654, is the contact person. Chinanet is very small, and VERY EXPENSIVE. Costs are 8000 Yuan to join, 2000 Yuan per month maintenance, and 10 Yuan per KILObyte of information sent OR RECEIVED. For comparison, the average Professor's salary in PRC is 150 Yuan per month. This explains why some Internet information Qian Tian Bai wanted is being sent by regular mail rather than E-Mail. Those of us who view Internet as a big, free resource need to realize that casual communications elsewhere, and especially to China, may NOT be welcome by the recipient because of the cost. FAX is much more prevalent than E-mail throughout Asia, partly because the character set in Japan, China, Hong Kong, Korea, Taiwan, Singapore, etc. is not amenable to western style keyboarding, nor is the use of English (Roman characters) that widespread. As a side note, a major data base research problem in Beijing is how to produce a telephone directory! To get a home telephone number, even if I knew the full name and address and could pronounce it correctly in Chinese, I had to go through the place where the person worked; most work places have an agreed upon Pinyin or English name that CAN be sorted on, listed, and retrieved electronically. Chinanet nodes exist in Beijing, Harbin, Shanghai, and Hangzhou, with dial-up connections other places. Most users are businesses or Chinese Academy of Sciences; practically none are Universities. University computing centers (Computer Science Departments) seem to be in some sort of communication with each other using something called CNPAC, which is entirely graphic due to the nature of the natural character set of China. This might explain why gateway(s) to Chinanet or Internet don't seem to exist. Chinanet's connections to the outside world are via a 2400 bps link (sattelite) to University of Karlsruhe, using PMDF protocol. Call-ins are done twice a day for exchange of international mail. ICA hardware includes VAX 8700, Siemens 7760, and MVAXII cluster. The University of International Business and Economics in Beijing has a massive computer-based communication facility, installed for the Asian Games last year, and maintained (but not used) in support of Beijing's bid for the Olympics. Connections go throughout China, Asia, and much of the rest of the world. My guess is that this machine could host an extensive and inexpensive E-mail network with practically no additional capital investment! I said this to everyone who would listen in other agencies I visited; perhaps that may have some effect. Unfortunately, I visited ICA before I visited UIBE and could not get ICA's reaction to the idea. Without knowing it when travel plans were made, a major conference on telecommunications was to be held in Beijing about Nov. 1. ICA suggested they could get me in if I were in Beijing at the time, but I had already accepted a "Soviet" Academy of Science invitation for November. I have not been able to find out what transpired at that conference, although I have been promised a copy of the proceedings. Perhaps someone who was there could enlighten me (and any others on the network) about serious interest in moving China forward with global networking. As an interesting aside, one of the major U.S. planners of the Nov. conference also created a large share of international use of Chinanet in the previous month, and was pointed out to me as someone insensitive to what their costs were. My personal reaction was that action was needed to drive down costs (or get them subsidized) because what I saw represented to me exactly the kinds of interchanges the networks were designed to facilitate. Addtitions, corrections, interpretations, and comments welcome. G. Ernest Anderson GEAND@EDUC.UMass.EDU University of Massachusetts ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 6) Garry R. Burgess ------------------------------------------------------------------------- I have been trying to find out the answer to this question for the last 6 months. The only thing that I've found out, is that it is possible, but really only for VIP's, because the government of China doesn't like uncontrolled communications taking place between it's citizens, and the rest of the world. In general, it's much much harder to send E-mail to China than anywhere else because of political reasons. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 7) List CHINANET: Networking in China ------------------------------------------------------------------------- From: kuang@rdsparc2.CSELT.STET.IT (Kuang Jiaxing) Some sites in China have registered IP network number, unfortunately, due to finance, they have not connected to InterNet directly. The two major E-Mail network in China are CANET and CRN. CANET was setup about 1987 and registered in 1990, it is a subscriber e-mail network about 10 Yuan per kilobyte plus phone fee, user loging via PSDN or other, it seems there are no subdomain users, as far I know there are lots of Universities and Institutes have account on CANET. It cost a huge amount of money to CANET users :-) 10 Yuan per kilobyte whatever incoming or outgoing email. CRN is a OSI multi-protocol experiment network, e-mail system of CRN is based X.400(84 version), it has some universities and institues connected via China CNPAC(X.25), each site pay its X.25 fee (quite expensive) for outgoing mail, it is mere experiment network, due to political and financial reason, it seems impossible to become a real research network, ... For CRN sites, they pay their X.25 fee, usual they pay their outgoing emails, Darmstadt.gmd.de acts as InterNet <--> X.400 gateway for CRN, it pays most emails to China, and its administrator protest high charge, the policy may be changed in future. X.25 is a quite expensive service, it charge you per segment you send/receive and per minute you use, Usual each site pays about 2000 yuan per month if no high volume data transfer. Some Universities are planning to build Campus network, Tsinghua University, ZheJian[g] University, Fudan University, ..., I am sorry I don't know details except Fudan. I heard that China PTT is planing to build China E-Mail network, and Shanghai PTT is just beginning to provide such service, it sounds to be the official e-mail network in future, but I don't know more about it. For details about CANET, contact Qian@ica.beijing.canet.cn, who is Administrative Contact of CANET. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 8) First Hand Material: From ------------------------------------------------------------------------- From xiaofan.zhao@cnlab.nci.crn.cn Sun Apr 12 17:19:05 1992 Date: 13 Apr 92 8:11 +0800 From: Xiaofan ZHAO To: Qiang Alex ZHAO In-Reply-To: <9204100052.AA03920(a)acacia.cs.arizona.> Message-Id: <788:xiaofan.zhao@cnlab.nci.crn.cn> Subject: Reply: Hello from Arizona (USA) Return-Receipt-To: Xiaofan ZHAO Status: OR Dear Alex, Following is some information about CRN for your reference. Regards, Xiaofan Zhao, NCI, Beijing, China ========================== The Chinese Research Network (CRN), founded in 1987, aims at * Providing electronic communication means, based on the PSDN and any available communication networks, to the Chineses scientsts, engineers, professors and other reaserchers to facilitate them in exchanging information and coordinating cooperation with their partners in China and abroad. * Supporting and coordinating the development and promotion of OSI conformable applications ammong Chinese scientific and research community. * Organizing the cooperation among CRN members and their foreign partners. Eight members of CRN have been interconnected at present, including research institutes, universities and academic organizations in Beijing, Shanghai, Chengdu and Shijiazhuang. More institutions will join CRN in the future. MHS (email), VT (PAD), FTAM, X.11 have been installed at the member institutions on VAX/VMS, VAX/ULTRIX, SUN/UNIX and APOLLO/UNIX. CRN has established more than ten direct MHS connections with the member countries of European Research Networks (RARE), including Germany, Norway and Switchland, and could exchange e-mails with almost all the research networks, eg Internet, in the world via RARE gateways. Chinese MHS (CMHS), dased on DFN-EAN and enhanced by CRN, with Chenese character and encryption capability has been also installed at some CRN's member institutions on VAX/VMS and SUN/UNIX systems. The CRN Board consists of the representatives from her member organizations, which is responsible for * Developing CRN's plans and rules * Helping academic and research institutions to join CRN * Maintaining the services provided by CRN * Helping CRN's members to solve technical problems * Organizig and coordinating the development projects * Contacting and coopreating, on behalf of CRN, with the peers in China and abroad Help desk addresses are: Beijing: CRN's Help Desk North China Institute of Computer Tech. China Academy of Electr. & Info. Tech. Computer System Engineering Institute Shanghai: Fudan University Shanghai JiaoTong University Shijiazhuang: Shijiazhuang Communication Lab Chengdu: Southwest Communication Institute ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ = Qiang Alex Zhao | azhao@cs.arizona.edu | Dept of Computer Science | Univ of Arizona, Tucson From: dxl0243@hertz.njit.edu (Dong Liu) ... Hi. Don't forget me! I once (4 months ago) the root and postmaster of ee.sjtu.crn.cn. Just FYI, here is a message from Zhong shenyang at SJTU. >> On 31 Mar 92 15:41:44+0800, Zhong Shengyang said: bell> Hi dxl, I went to Xie's office yesterday! Their net will be running bell> at the end of this month. They use X.400 and connect to Sprint net. bell> They say they can reach all the mailbox in U.S. Their equipment is bell> imported from Sprint Communication Co. I think you know it. bell> The tariff has not yet been decided! Xie is the boss of the data communication dept. of shanghai PTT. Also, the Email ssystem used in Fudan, SJTU ,NCI etc are very narrow, that is only one or two machines connect to the outside, But as I know, QingHua U. has a campus network (including email). Actually, the MHS software I used to use is called EAN, which was developed by UBC at ca., first introduced to china by Qinghau. SCC: Email to Taiwan---E.2 From: u7911013@cc.nctu.edu.tw (Huang Chih-Hsien) ... I am very sorry that I do not keep the article. However, I think I am glad to offer you some info. Taiwan has a BITNET connection since June, 1987, and a fully Internet one at the end of 1991. TANet(Taiwan Academic Network) establish a integrated high speed academic network(T1) between universities. TANet is connected to JvNCnet, one of 13 regional networks of NSFNET, and share resources freely with all the Internet community. Here is a list of all TANet members: IP address University/organization Domain name Postmaster ---------- ----------------------- -------------- ---------------- 140.109 Academia Sinica sinica.edu.tw feng@iis.sinica.edu.tw as.edu.tw dennis@sun3.as.edu.tw 140.111 Ministry of Education edu.tw jptseng@twnmoe10.edu.tw Computer Center yimin@twnmoe10.edu.tw 140.112 Nat'l Taiwan U. ntu.edu.tw embox@ccms.ntu.edu.tw 140.113 Nat'l Chiao Tung U. nctu.edu.tw liu@twnctu01.bitnet liu@lena.nctu.edu.tw 140.114 Nat'l Tsing Hua U. nthu.edu.tw smchen@cc.nthu.edu.tw 140.115 Nat'l Central U. ncu.edu.tw center6@twncu865.ncu.edu.tw 140.116 Nat'l Cheng Kung U. ncku.edu.tw ncl@cs.ncku.edu.tw 140.117 Nat'l Sun Yat-Sen U. nsysu.edu.tw hsu@cc.nsysu.edu.tw 140.118 Nat'l Taiwan ntit.edu.tw under construction Institute of Technology 140.119 Nat'l Cheng chi U. nccu.edu.tw ylc@sun2cc.nccu.edu.tw 140.120 Nat'l Chung Hsing U. nchu.edu.tw liu@nchud1.nchu.edu.tw 140.121 Nat'l Taiwan Ocean U. ntou.edu.tw bill@mvax31.ntou.edu.tw 140.122 Nat'l Taiwan Normal U. ntnu.edu.tw ntnut066@twnmoe10.edu.tw 140.123 Nat'l Chung Cheng ccu.edu.tw chen@suncc.ccu.edu.tw University liouyc@suncc.ccu.edu.tw 140.124 Nat'l Taipei tit.edu.tw michael@sun.tit.edu.tw College of Technology root@sun.tit.edu.tw 140.125 Nat'l Yunlin yuntech.edu.tw under construction Institute of Technology 140.135 Chung Yuan Christian U. cycu.edu.tw under construction 140.136 Fu Jen University fju.edu.tw under construction 140.137 Chinese Culture U. pccu.edu.tw under construction 140.138 Yuan Ze Institute of yzit.edu.tw system@mars.yzit.edu.tw Technology ccsrt@mars.yzit.edu.tw 134.208 TANet Backbone nisc@tanet.edu.tw (Ministry of Education Computer Center) 140.92 Institute for net.tw syspgm@csc.seed.net.tw Information Industry com.tw 139.175 Institute for net.tw syspgm@csc.seed.net.tw Information Industry com.tw 140.96 Institute of Technology itri.org.tw johnson@itrib.itri.org.tw Research Industry 192.83.166 Ministry of Education edu.tw candy@twnmoe10.edu.tw Computer Center 192.83.167 Synchrotron Radiation srrc.edu.tw homjen@srrcbd.srrc.edu.tw Research Center 192.83.168 Chung-Hua Institution cier.edu.tw lo@rs930.cier.edu.t for Economic Research root@rs930.cier.edu.tw 192.83.169 Nat'l Chiao Tung nctu.edu.tw under construction University (Taipei) 192.83.170 Nat'l Chung Hsing nchulc.edu.tw d02z9005@twnmoe10.edu.tw University(Taipei) 192.83.171 Science and Technology stic.gov.tw under construction Infor. Center 192.83.172 Nat'l Chiao Tung nctu.edu.tw liu@lena.nctu.edu.tw University(Testing) 192.83.173 Nat'l Changhua U. ncue.edu.tw root@ncue4680.ncue.edu.tw 192.83.174 Synchrotron Radiation srrc.edu.tw homjen@srrcbd.srrc.edu.tw Research Center 192.83.175 Nat'l Taiwan U. ntu.edu.tw embox@ccms.ntu.edu.tw 192.83.176 Chung-Hua Polytechnic chpi.edu.tw bear@chinai.chpi.edu.tw Institute 192.83.177 Chung-Hua Polytechnic chpi.edu.tw bear@chinai.chpi.edu.tw Institute 192.83.178 Central Weather Bureau cwb.gov.tw under construction 192.83.196 Princeton JvNCnet nisc@tanet.edu.tw (Ministry of Education Computer Center) By the way, the following universities/colleges/organizations are connected to BITNET. Ref# Conn Nodeid Site name ---- ---- ------ --------- 2529 89/05 TWNAS886 Academic Sinica Computing Center VAX8530 2530 88/10 TWNCTUCS National Chiao-Tung University Computer Science and Information Engineering Computer Center 2531 88/09 TWNCTU01 National Chiao-Tung University Computer Center VAX1 2532 91/02 TWNCTU02 National Chiao-Tung University Computer center VAX2 2533 90/03 TWNCU865 National Central University - Computer Center 2534 91/02 TWNFCUC1 FENG CHIA UNIVERSITY - INFORMATION CENTER 2535 90/03 TWNIAMS Academia Sinica - Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences 2536 90/07 TWNIII1 Institute for Information Industry --Computer Center 2537 89/03 TWNITRI1 Industrial Technology Research Institute 2538 91/02 TWNMOCTL TELECOMMUNICATION LABORATORY -- COMPUTER CENTER 2539 87/06 TWNMOE10 Ministry of Education Taiwan 2540 88/08 TWNMOE20 Ministry of Education Taiwan 2541 89/01 TWNNTIT National Taiwan Institute of Technology Compter Center 2542 87/09 TWNSCU10 Soochow University 2543 89/11 TWNSRRC1 Synchrotron Radication Research Center 2544 90/11 TWNTKU10 TAMKANG UNIVERSITY--INFORMATION CENTER 2545 89/07 TWNTTIT Tatung Institute of Technology 2546 89/01 TWNTUCC1 National Taiwan University Computer Center VAX2 2547 89/01 TWNTUCC2 National Taiwan University Computer Center CYBER 825 -=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-= Hope it helps. Best Regards, ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ :: :: . :; ,,,,,;.,,,,:. H u a n g , C h i h - H s i e n ''::'''::''' ,,,,,;;,,,,;,::.:., ', ,: ;:...:; :: ::.,.: ,':, Dept. of Electronics Engineering ,,,,,,,,,,,,,;, :: . ::.:...' ':' National Chiao Tung University :........;;, ''''''''''' :.......::, 1001 Ta Hsueh Road :: : :: :. :. ::......:: Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC ::''':''':: ::: ;, ';. ::......:: ;:...:...:; :':: ' : :; ::......:: Internet: u7911013@cc.nctu.edu.tw ..;'' '';, '' ':::::::' ..;'' '';, BITNET : 7911013@TWNCTU02 SCC: SERVICE ANNOUNCE from Taiwan - tw.* newsgroups redistribution---E.3 From: Huang ---------------------------------------------------------------------- ########## ## # ## # ## ####### # # # # ## # ## # # # # # # # # # # # ####### # ## ## .* # ## EWSGROUPS # # EDISTRIBUTION # # # ## # ## ## FROM: HUANG, CHIH-HSIEN at NATIONAL CHIAO TUNG UNIVERSITY ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. Introduction - What is tw.* Newsgroups Redistribution(TWNR)? Taiwan established its Internet connection to US at the end of 1991. After that, news systems are keeping growing around the island. Some regional "newsgroups" circulate locally with the leading group name, "tw". However, they may interest a lot of people all over the world, and provide a good place for talking about Taiwan's affairs. Therefore, I would like to offer this re-distribution service. Hope more and more people exchanging information, sharing knowledge/resources with us. "tw.*" is a redistribution service for the following newgroups: * tw - the leading newsgroup of Taiwan * tw.tanet - TANet discussion * tw.tanet.general - TANet general information * tw.tanet.tech_news - TANet tech news * tw.seminar - seminar announce * tw.conference - conference announce * tw.announce - general announce * tw.wanted - information wanted * tw.lib-automation - library automation discussion * tw.talk - free talk on any topic * tw.info-sharing - sharing information to each other * tw.cad - CAD discussion * tw.cam - CAM discussion * tw.misc - miscellaneous posting A program written by myself has been installed on my own account, u7911013@cc.nctu.edu.tw. This program will check my mailbox every minute and automatically reply to your request, i your command is valid. 2. Commands All commands are accessible via e-mail and should appear in your SUBJECT line, *not* the mail body. Your request should be send to: u7911013@cc.nctu.edu.tw ----------------------- 2.1 Help - /HELP Sending a "/HELP" or "/help" command in your mail SUBJECT, this help file will be automatically returned to you. *example* /HELP 2.2 To be a subscriber - /SUB, /sub "/SUB" and "/sub" commands are available for this purpose. All articles posted on tw.* newsgroups will be forwarded to the subscribers. Here is the command format: /SUB your_first_name your_last_name /sub your_last_name, your_first_name *example* /SUB Huang, Chih-Hsien 2.3 Unsubscribe - /UNSUB, /unsub You can ask for removing from this list at any time. The command is "/UNSUB" or "/unsub". Note that the service program only can recognize your e-mail address, so please unsubscribe from where you subscribe to this list. *example* /UNSUB 2.4 Post articles - /POST Article posting are available to subscribers. Please e-mail your article with "/POST which_newsgroup_you_want_to_post" in the SUBJECT and "Article_Subject: your_article_subject" in the FIRST line of the MAIL BODY. Currently, posting is mediated by myself. Your article will be also sent to the subscribers. By the way, multi-group posting is also accepted. Please add all the newsgroups you want to post in the subject line, separated with a comma. *example* /POST tw.announce,tw.misc,tw.talk [in the first line of your MAIL BODY] Article_Subject: Service announce: tw.* newsgroups redistribution 3. Comments/Suggestions: Please send your comments/suggestions directly to me. *********************************************************************** Acknowlegement: under construction;-)