Subject: CND-Global, June 4, 1993

From: [email-masked]
Date: Thu, 3 Jun 1993 22:55:43 -0500

*  *  *   C h i n a   N e w s   D i g e s t   *  *  *

                               (News Global)

                           Friday, June 4, 1993

Table of Contents                                                 # of Lines
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1. News Briefs (4 Items) ................................................ 49
2. Beijing University Students Commemorate June 4th ..................... 32
3. Dalai Lama Warns to Quit Independence Movement ....................... 32
4. A Gentler China: A Special Report by The New York Times
      -- 4 Years After Tiananmen, The Hard Line Is Cracking (Part II) .. 124
5. June 4, 1989: A Day to Remember ...................................... 97
6. What's in Today's Hua Xia Wen Zhai (cm9306a) ......................... 30
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1. News Briefs (4 Items) ................................................ 49
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[AP, 6/3/93] BEIJING - Authorities detained veteran dissident Zhang
Xianliang in Shanghai on Thursday, the fourth anniversary of the army
crackdown on the 1989 democracy movement.  Zhang was taken away by police
Thursday after he refused their orders to stay inside his home. A friend
said that Zhang had been trying to organize a gathering for the following
day.  Several dissidents in Beijing were warned to stay home, and others
left town to avoid confrontations with authorities.  In the past week,
Chinese authorities have arrested three activists in Canton and three others
in Shanghai for suspected pro-democracy activity. (Forwarded by: Deming)
                               ___  ___  ___

[AP, 6/3/93] BEIJING -- The U.S. dollar climbed Thursday against the Chinese
yuan at official currency "swap markets" after the government removed
ceilings on exchange rates.  The dollar rose as high as 10.28 yuan at the
Shanghai Foreign Exchange Swap Market before closing at 10.23 yuan. While
the swap market exchange rate had been about eight yuan to the dollar, the
black market rate was about 10 yuan per dollar. The official exchange rate
has remained at 5.7 yuan per dollar. Analysts in Hong Kong said the decision
to allow market-set rates in the swap centers may help China's application
for entry into the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade and may dampen
speculative fever in the black market. (Forwarded by: Deming)
                                ___ ___ ___

[UPI, 6/2/93] BEIJING -- The popular Chinese monthly Reader's Digest is
surrendering its name to end a 12-year copyright battle with the better-
known U.S. magazine of the same title, an official newspaper reported
Wednesday.  The state-run China Daily said the Chinese magazine will call
itself "Reader" beginning next month, reflecting a victory for those within
and outside of China supporting the country's recent effort to begin
adhering to international copyright standards. The move will end a dispute
with the Reader's Digest of the United States that has dragged on since
1981, the newspaper said. The Chinese magazine is a monthly digest of
essays and poems and has a circulation of some 3.5 million.
(Forwarded by: A CND Reader)
                                ___ ___ ___

[UPI, 6/3/93] BEIJING -- China, responding to a new flood of illegal
Chinese immigrants to the United States, claimed Thursday that foreign
nations were encouraging the exodus by granting the migrants political
asylum."Some people who have fled to other countries have applied for
so-called political asylum," Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman Wu Jianmin
said at a weekly briefing. "And some countries have even granted such
asylum." "This has actually encouraged the illegal human smuggling," he
said, and added China hopes offers of political asylum are discontinued.
(Forwarded by: A CND Reader)

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2. Beijing University Students Commemorate June 4th ..................... 32
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Forwarded by: A CND Reader
Source: UPI
Date: 6/3/92

BEIJING -- Despite a stifling police presence, students at China's top
university sang, shouted and broke bottles Thursday in a daring protest
to commemorate the fourth anniversary of the Tiananmen Square army
crackdown on pro-democracy protesters.

Authorities at Beijing University, nucleus of the 1989 pro-democracy
movement, had warned students beforehand that any form of protest would
result in administrative punishments and even expulsion.

Like the rest of Beijing, the northwest university district remained
eerily quiet through most of the day. A heavy police presence and
constant identification checks dissuaded most activists from making even
a symbolic protest.

But precisely at 12 midnight, all the lights in the graduate student
dormitories suddenly went out and for ten minutes, students in all four
southwest-facing buildings smashed at least a half dozen bottles onto
the ground below their windows.

They shouted slogans, banged on doors and played musical instruments
loudly enough to be heard by journalists outside the high campus walls
in an overt protest against the June 4, 1989, army action.

With its capital city swept up in protest four years ago, senior
government leaders ordered army troops to shoot their way into central
Tiananmen Square on June 4, where they killed hundreds of people.

While neither the songs nor slogans could be heard clearly, the
smashing of bottles in China is a direct political protest against
senior leader Deng Xiaoping, whose name is a homophone for "small
bottle" and who was blamed for ordering troops to fire on protesters.

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3. Dalai Lama Warns to Quit Independence Movement ....................... 32
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Forwarded by: Bo Xiong. Originally posted to S.C.C.
              by <[email-masked]>
Source: Reuter
Date: 6/1/93

NEW DELHI -- Tibet's exiled spiritual leader, the Dalai Lama, has threatened
to quit the Himalayan region's independence struggle in protest against the
violence used by pro-democracy activists, the Press Trust of India (PTI)
said on Tuesday.

Police in Lhasa fired tear gas at Tibetan protesters last week to quell the
worst unrest there since 1989 when China put the city under martial law for
more than a year.

Speaking at a news conference at his Dharmasala headquarters in northern
India on Monday, the Dalai Lama said he would withdraw from the independence
movement unless anti-Chinese demonstrators returned to peaceful protest, PTI
reported.

In a statement faxed to Reuters last week, the Dalai Lama said: "I fear this
worsening situation may lead to violence through sheer desperation."

The Dalai Lama regretted "that the Tibetan demonstrators have targeted the
commercial establishments owned by the Chinese in Lhasa."

But, he added: "It goes to show the growing resentment against the increased
Chinese presence in Tibet."

PTI quoted the Dalai Lama as saying on Monday that he was ready for dialogue
with Beijing "anywhere, anytime."

Beijing refuses to hold talks with the Dalai Lama until he renounces his
support for Tibetan independence.

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4. A Gentler China: A Special Report by The New York Times
      -- 4 Years After Tiananmen, The Hard Line Is Cracking (Part II) .. 124
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Forwarded by: A CND Reader
Source: The New York Times
Written by: Nicholas D. Kristof
Date: 5/29/93

(Part II of a three part series; continued from June 3)

The Arts, etc.  Social Restrictions Are Being Eased

After the 1989 Tiananmen killings, the Maoists tried to reimpose
totalitarianism, and for a while they were moderately successful. The
hard-liners inflicted themselves not only on the small number of university-
educated dissidents, but on the entire population of more than 1.1 billion.

The Government banned interesting films, arrested people for dancing at rock
concerts, sent university students off to military training, required new
graduates to work in remote "grass roots" jobs and forced city-dwellers to
attend boring political study classes and lie about what was on their minds.

The chief accomplishment of the hard-liners in this period, which lasted
until about a year ago, was to convince the public that everything boring
and unpleasant was "socialist." On the other hand, the authorities condemned
everything that was fun. (Hand-holding was banned at Beijing University.)

Free to Bop

Not unexpectedly, millions of Chinese feel more passionate about
hand-holding than about human rights. In conversations in provincial cities,
many young Chinese seemed to feel not so much repressed as alienated; their
prime complaint was not that the Communist Party beat dissidents but that it
bored everyone else.

That social repression is what has eased the most in the last year. These
days people can read sexy novels, watch foreign television, bop to rock
music, travel abroad and -- what is perhaps most important -- make pots of
money. The universities are shortening the military training programs, and
businesses are reducing or abolishing the political study sessions.

The relaxed environment is evident in thousands of little ways. A newspaper
editor who took part in the 1989 demonstrations had a T-shirt emblazoned
with pro-democracy slogans. After the crackdown, he was terrified of being
caught with it, yet equally fearful that he would be seized if he tried to
throw it away.

So for three years he hid it in a friend's refrigerator, under a fish. Last
year, with the danger diminishing and the stench growing, he threw the fish
and the shirt away.

"Now the investigations are over," he said. "It's much looser now."

Economy The Boom Brings Basic Changes

The economic boom, which generated 12.8 percent growth in the gross national
product last year, is changing China in fundamental ways. As a result, it is
misleading simply to discuss conditions in the context of the period before
the 1989 crackdown.

China is moving backward, forward and sideways, all at once. It is much more
porous, mobile, corrupt and cosmopolitan than it has ever been before. The
information revolution has arrived, so news -- like the accounts of the
torture of Mr. Liu, the physicist -- gets out, and also gets back in.

Throughout the nation, Chinese apartment buildings are sprouting the
oversized ears of the 1990's: white satellite dishes that enable viewers to
watch MTV or even BBC television news, dubbed into Chinese. Such dishes are
nominally banned, but even state-owned stores sell them.

The emergence of a market economy is even undermining the official
propaganda apparatus. The Beijing Daily, for instance, is a hard-line
publication that used to denounce capitalism. Now it is trying to
demonstrate its enthusiasm for markets by selling its entire front page to a
foreign company as a one-shot advertisement, for $300,000.

Market realities are also forcing newspapers to become interesting.

The political stories that made lively reading five years ago -- like
denunciations of Mao or proposals for more democracy -- are still too
sensitive, and perhaps too dull for many readers. Now, as Chinese editors
become more daring, the competition for readers is forcing them to take the
low road. The result is disappointing for some sober-minded intellectuals,
for the boldest publications in China today look rather like The National
Enquirer.

Corruption Money and Bribes Corrode Idealism

Those who remember the giddy exhilaration of the Tiananmen movement, the
noble quotations from Patrick Henry and Abraham Lincoln, the palpable
yearning for more democracy, might be disappointed in other ways as well.
The transition to a market economy is corroding not only Communist values,
but in some cases democratic ones as well.

One common slogan during the movement was borrowed from Patrick Henry:
"Give me liberty or give me death!" Now many young people have an
alternative: "Give me money!"

Before the 1989 crackdown, for instance, Chinese journalists tended to be
young idealists who rambled on in their cubbyhole apartments about the need
for more freedom of the press. Now they are often too busy demanding bribes
to speak wistfully of freedom of the press.

"Almost all journalists are on the take now," said a middle-aged reporter
in Beijing. "What do you do? The companies don't pay very well, and they
don't even give you all the equipment that you need. So reporters accept
gifts."

Selling the News

Companies have found that they must give out envelopes with cash to
attract Chinese reporters to news conferences. In Shanghai, a foreign
businessman was shocked to be told by a television reporter that $15
purchased his attendance at a news conference, and a brief clip on the
evening news would cost $120 more.

The corruption is rife throughout society, and young reformers indulge at
least as much as aging hard-liners. Government officials, schoolteachers,
traffic policemen, people in every group have their palms outstretched. Even
doctors expect gifts, and it is a brave patient who undergoes surgery
without complying.

"Politics are still controlled pretty tightly, but outside politics the lid
is off," said a former senior Chinese official who was dismissed in the
purges that followed the Tiananmen crackdown. "The party can't control
anything outside of politics these days."

"I'm really optimistic, because I sense that this is the party's last hour,"
said the former official, who worked his entire career for the Communist
Party Central Committee.

Yet the China of the 1990's is in some ways a harsher world than ever. When
the official faced a medical emergency, his wife rushed him unconscious to
a hospital, which refused to accept him until she made a cash down payment.

(to be continued)

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5. June 4, 1989: A Day to Remember ...................................... 97
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Source: Compiled by Zuofeng Li from the Boston Globe and the Chicago
        Tribune, June 3, 1989

It was a night to remember, a night of savagery. As dawn broke over China's
capital Sunday, the Avenue of Eternal Peace had become a street of tears.

Chinese troops massacred unarmed civilians this morning, cutting a bloody
swath through Beijing and rolling into student-occupied Tiananmen Square
with tanks and armored personnel carriers.  Hundreds of people were killed
and hundreds wounded as the military put a violent end to a peaceful
protest.

It was a night of blood, pandemonium and defiance as tracer rounds flashed
over the Statue of Liberty erected by demonstrators in the square and AK-47
rounds ricocheted off government buildings.

As heavy smoke rose from the square, a helicopter was seen landing. The
firing was too intense for reporters to get to the square itself. Shortly
after 10 a.m.  Beijing time, soldiers were still firing on unarmed
demonstrators remaining in the steets, and this reporter saw 10 persons die
in one clash alone. Military helicopters were swooping low over the city,
and there were unconfirmed reports of fighting in outlying sections of
Beijing.

Security forces fired directly into the crowds. At 3:30 a.m. on the avenue
near the Forbidden City, several hundred soldiers knelt and fired hundreds
of rounds into a great mass of demonstrators who had been driven about a
hundred yards down the main artery. This reporter saw at least eight persons
killed and dozens wounded in the intense fusillade, which lasted more than
five minutes.  Most of the wounds were in the chest and stomach.

Bicycle rickshaw drivers, the heroes of the violent night, pedaled between
the crowds and the military and bundled the wounded into the backs of their
flimsy vehicles, then pedaled them to safety.

Several people were crushed to death by armored vehicles that roared toward
the square. Soldiers were also killed by the vehicles.

"Murderers," the crowd screamed as heavy fire continued. "Li Peng,
murderer."  It was Premier Li Peng who declared martial law.

There were pools and smears of blood up and down the avenue as well as
bodies of the dead. People dipped their hands in the blood and held it up to
the journalists remaining on the scene. "Show the world what the Chinese
government has done to its people," said one young man.

The violence began at 2 p.m. yesterday when security forces fired volleys of
tear gas at demonstrators. Later, crowds confronted several thousand
soldiers massed outside the Great Hall of the People, China's capitol, and
overturned a military jeep.

The worst fighting of the night occurred around the Minzu Hotel, west of the
square, where grim-faced troops opened fire with tracer bullets and live
ammunition on milling crowds blocking their access to the square.

Scores of people were wounded. Some of the bodies were laid out on the side
of the road as the troops moved on to take the square, which has been the
symbol of China's democratic movement for the last seven weeks.

One tank ran into the back of another one that had stalled on the
Jianguomenwai overpass. As they hurriedly bounced apart, the machine guns on
their turrets began to train on the approaching crowd of about 10,000.

The crowd, in a do-or-die mood, tried to board them but the tanks rumbled
on.  Then troops leapt off a convoy of trucks in their wake and fired
volleys of tear gas and bullets as the crowd took cover in bushes or climbed
over a spiked fence into a compound for foreigners, where trembling students
and young workers hid in corridors and the elevator.

At about 11 p.m. a huge blast was heard and a fireball rose about a mile
from the square. The cause of the explosion was unclear, but it occurred in
an area where security forces were massed.

The main attack began in the middle of the night when armored vehicles
crashed through the street barricades. Two of the vehicles were set ablaze
by the angry demonstrators and were destroyed. Automatic rifle fire crackled
continuously in the heart of the city.

There were continual broadcasts on government-run television urging people
to stay off the streets and telling all foreign reporters to leave the area.

"They murdered the people. . . . They just shot the people down like dogs,
with no warning," said a man whose shirt was soaked with blood. "I carried a
woman to an ambulance, but I think she was dead."

"Please," he said, "you must tell the world what has happened here. We need
your protection from our government."

"You see, this is how your government loves you," said a woman huddling
under a tree along the roadway with her 8-year-old son.

"Our people are in shock," said one woman, tears flowing down her cheeks.

"Our nation has become a hell."

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6. What's in Today's Hua Xia Wen Zhai (cm9306a) ......................... 30
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Source: CND Hua Xia Wen Zhai Editorial Board <[email-masked]>

                             Hua Xia Wen Zhai
                          (CND Chinese Magazine)
                               Issue #114
                              June 4, 1993

 6.4********************************************************************6.4
 6.4                                                                    6.4
 6.4     Special Issue for the Fourth Memorial Day of June 4th, 1989    6.4
 6.4                                                                    6.4
 6.4********************************************************************6.4

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                        Table of Contents (cm9306a)
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 1. Headline News of the Week .......................................... CND
 2. Witness of History: Radio Beijing Broadcasting on June 3rd, 1989 ... CND
 3. Proses: Historical Facts Can Not Be Compromised ............... Li Lanju
            An Undeliverable Letter ................................ Xiao Yu
 4. Poems of June 4th: Seven Poems Rhyming Lu Xun's "Untitled" ....... Lu Zi
 5. "We": The Chinese PR's In Canada ............................... Ren Ren
 6. Retrospect: Justice Won't Be Servered Until June 4th
      Incident Is Righted ...................................... Meng Heping
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           CND-CM Executive Editor: WU Fang <[email-masked]>
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from cnd.org under /pub/hxwz/PS-NEW and ifcss.org under /hxwz/HXWZ-PS-NEW.
The filenames will be: HXWZ114_1.tar.Z and HXWZ114_2.tar.Z

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|            Coordinating Editor:    Zuofeng Li      (U.S.A.)             |
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