Refracta 6.0.6 This is Refracta-6.0.6. It is based on Debian 6.0 (Squeeze) and uses Debian repositories for packages. This version of Refracta is similar to 6.0.4 and 6.0.5, but there are some significant differences. * IceWM has been removed. * Refractainstaller and Refractasnapshot have been overhauled and re-written in Bash. * Some wireless drivers are installed (firmware-atheros, firmware-iwlwifi, firmware-ralink, and firmware-realtek.) Others can be installed from the .deb files in /home/user/wireless_drivers. * Some packages that were in the previous xfce versions have been replaced with others: brasero replaces xfburn gnome-mplayer replaces vlc xarchiver replaces squeeze gthumb replaces ristretto pidgin, asunder and kazehakase were left out. deadbeef was added clamav was added * A limited number of packages can be added or removed by going to System --> Install Software in the menu. The full Debian repositories are available using any of the normal methods to install packages in Debian. IMPORTANT NOTE: You need to update the package cache before you can install anything. As root, run 'apt-get update' or 'aptitude update' first. If you want to use apt-file, then run 'apt-file update' first. * The contrib and nonfree repositories are enabled by default. To see which packages you have installed that are not open-source, run 'vrms' from a terminal. * The refracta github repository was added, so you can easily get any newer versions of scripts that are specific to refracta. To update files, do the following as unpriveliged user: cd /home/github/refracta git pull origin master Then, either copy the desired file into place or install any new .deb files you want. ======================================================================== PASSWORDS The root password is root. The user password is user. You can use the 'su' command to become root, or use 'sudo ' for root permissions or use 'sudo -i' to get a root terminal. ======================================================================== This build contains a lot of command-line utilities. A partial list follows. For a complete list of installed packages, see Refracta/package_list on the installation media. lvm2 cryptsetup sshfs fuse-utils ntfs-3g squashfs-tools aufs-tools dosfstools ntfsprogs bzip2 unzip gvfs-backends gvfs-bin p7zip-full curl htop scrot feh sysv-rc-conf ps_mem.py lshw hwinfo smartmontools lm-sensors hddtemp hdparm sdparm read-edid hardinfo testdisk fdupes ddrescue partimage acpi-fakekey openssh-server rsync zsync whois w3m irssi iftop iptraf zenmap ethtool pppoeconf pppconfig ==================================================================== CHANGE LANGUAGE/LOCALE and KEYBOARD LAYOUT To change only the keyboard layout on the desktop, click on the "us" next to the date on the panel, and select the layout you want. Preconfigured choices are U.S. English, U.K. (gb) English, and German (de). To add another layout, left-click on the "us" and select Properties. Click on Add, and select the one you want. The maximum number of layouts you can have is four. You can also use the keyboard shortcut, Alt-Shift to toggle through the choices. To change the locale at the boot screen, press TAB and append the boot options at the bottom of the screen with the appropriate locale. This information is also available in the Help section at the boot screen. Example: live-config=locales locales=de_DE.UTF-8 To change the locale after booting the system, and to add locales, open a terminal and give the command: sudo /etc/init.d/gdm stop You will be dropped to console, where you can log in as root (or log in as user and prepend the next commands with 'sudo'.) To change the default locale or to add locales: dpkg-reconfigure locales To change the console keyboard layout and the language used in the system messages: dpkg-reconfigure console-data Be sure to make a sane choice, most likely one that begins with "pc". You'll need to log out of the console and log in again to see the change. To return to the desktop: /etc/init.d/gdm start You can also select the language at the graphical login screen. Any locales that have been added will show up as a choice. You'll still need to change the keyboard layout from the panel applet once you're on the desktop. ==================================================================== SYSTEM and NETWORK INFORMATION For System Information, look in the menu under System --> System Profiler and Benchmark, or use one of the command-line utilities. (lshw or hwinfo) To get the current IP and MAC addresses, run 'netinfo' as user. The network manager can be found in the menu under Network -> Wicd. For wired ethernet, you shouldn't need to use it. For wireless, see below. If you like to configure static IP in /etc/network/interfaces, then you may want to disable or remove wicd. To disable wicd: Run sysv-rc-conf and un-check all boxes for wicd. To remove wicd: 'apt-get remove wicd' or 'aptitude remove wicd' DISPLAY If you need to configure xorg.conf from the console, run display-savior. It will create /etc/X11/xorg.conf according to the options you select. (/usr/local/bin/display-savior) WEB BROWSER Iceweasel can be started with the globe icon on the panel or from the menu. Cookies are allowed for all sites. To change this, go to Edit --> Preferences --> Privacy --> "Use custom settings for history" -NoScript is installed and allowed for google and a few other sites. Use the "S" icon in the lower right corner to whitelist sites. -Download helper is also installed. It's the cherries? pawnshop balls? near the address bar. Use for downloading/saving youtube videos. WATCHING FLASH VIDEO flashplugin-nonfree from the non-free repository is installed. You can watch flash video in iceweasel, or you can download the file using download helper and save it in your home folder. Then play it with gnome-mplayer. You may need to allow javascript for the website that you're on, or for other websites in the noscript list before the download helper icon becomes active. You can convert the .flv file to .avi, .mkv or .mp4 using scripts found in /usr/local/bin. Run youtube2avi.sh, youtube2mkv.sh or youtube2mp4.sh from the command line or from the file manager, right-click on the video file and select 'youtube2avi'. For mkv or mp4, create your own custom actions in thunar (the file manager) using the existing one as a template. (In the file manager, go to Edit --> Configure custom actions) FLASHFIRE This build includes flashfire version 7, which runs in automatic mode with the -a option or manual mode (asks before deleting) with -m. The script deletes flash cookies hidden in $HOME/.adobe/ and $HOME/.macromedia. You can run it from a terminal or create a panel button for it and check the box that says, "Run in terminal." (/usr/local/bin/flashfire) ======================================================================== PRINTER Printer Setup - Select "Printers" from the menu, or start the cups print manager manually by opening a web browser and going to http://localhost:631 then go into Administration Give the root password when you're asked for one. SCANNER Plug in scanner and open XSane. Scan. ======================================================================== INSTALLATION TO HARD DRIVE The installer has been rewritten, and there are two versions. If you select Refracta Installer from the System menu, you'll get the gui version. If you run refractainstaller from a terminal or console, you'll get the non-gui version. Unlike the gui version, the non-gui version does not give you the option to change the username. Instead, you can run change-username (as root) after you boot into the newly-installed system. SNAPSHOT - MAKE YOUR OWN LIVE-CD After you install to hard drive and configure the software and desktop the way you want, run Refracta Snapshot (from the System menu) or run refractasnapshot (in a console) to create an iso image that you can burn to CD. The program will ask you at the end if you want to burn the iso to CD. You need a lot of free space on the hard drive to create a snapshot. Run 'df -h' to make sure you're not using more than around 30-35% of the disk. (Less free space is needed if some of the used space is taken up by other snapshots or by a saved copy of the system in the work directory.) Edit /etc/refractasnapshot.conf if you want to change any of the default settings. ============================================= ___ WIRELESS CONFIGURATION ___ Menu: Network ---> Wicd Network Manager ---> select the right network if you see any. You might need to go into Preferences and add the name of your wireless interface. (Example: wlan0) Then hit Refresh to see nearby wireless networks. Properties: WPA 1/2 (Passphrase) Optional: Static IP and DNS Connect (Note: If this doesn't work, see below for manual network configuration, or use a wire - eth0 is set for dhcp.) ============================================ ___ ANTI-VIRUS SOFTWARE ___ ClamAV is included in case you need to scan a Windows hard drive for viruses. The virus database is in /home/clamav, so you might be able to update the database if you run refracta from a live-usb and use a home-rw partition on the usb stick. Example: clamscan -vir /mnt/windows (Scan a mounted Windows partition) ============================================ Quick Notes / Howtos ============================================= ___ SSH INTO LIVE-CD FROM REMOTE HOST ___ SSH might be turned off by default. To start, stop or restart it, run /etc/init.d/ssh start|stop|restart or, from the System menu, choose Services. From remote-host: ssh user@host(or IP number) ============================================= ___ MOUNT A REMOTE SHARE WITH SSHFS ___ # mount sshfs user@host:/home/user # unmount fusermount -u ================================ ___ MOUNT/UNMOUNT ENCRYPTED PARTITION ___ cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/sdX label mount /dev/mapper/label umount cryptsetup luksClose /dev/mapper/label ================================== ___ MOUNT/UNMOUNT ENCRYPTED LVM ___ sudo cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/sdxY label # then run lvdisplay to get the vg name and lv name sudo vgchange -a y # (e.g. vol0) mount /dev/mapper/ # (e.g. vol0-datapart) umount /media/mapper_vgname-lvname sudo vgchange -a n vol0 sudo cryptsetup luksClose label ==================================== ___ TO CREATE AN ENCRYPTED PARTITION ___ cryptsetup luksFormat /dev/sdxY cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/sdxY label mke2fs -j /dev/mapper/label or: mke2fs -t ext4 /dev/mapper/label Then mount/unmount as above. ==================================== ___ MOUNT NTFS PARTITION ___ mount -t ntfs-3g -o rw,umask=000 /dev/sdxY ================================== ___ MOUNT WINDOWS SHARE ___ # This needs troubleshooting. mount.cifs //windows-host/user -o uid=user,gid=user umount.cifs # This works: Or connect through System Tools ---> Computer ---> Network (Tested with samba server.) ================================= ___ VNC over SSH ___ # (Optional) Add authorization key: ssh-add /path-to-key/id.rsa # Start remote vnc server over ssh: ssh -t -L 5900:localhost:5900 [user@]remote-host 'x11vnc -localhost -display :0' # In another terminal, connect to the remote desktop: vncviewer -encodings "copyrect tight hextile" localhost:0 Note: If the remote host is running Debian Squeeze with gdm3, put the following in a script on the remote host. Remember to make it executable. (e.g. chmod +x /home/user/bin/vncserv) --- CUT --- #!/usr/bin/env bash authfile=$(ps ax |grep auth | awk '/gdm3/ { print $13 }') x11vnc -auth $authfile -localhost -display :0 --- CUT --- Then run these commands on the client (in two different terminals.) ssh -t -L 5900:localhost:5900 [user@]remote-host '/home/user/bin/vncserv' vncviewer localhost:0 ================================= ___ SAMPLE WIRELESS CONFIGURATION ___ Manual configuration (not needed if wicd works) ## Edit /etc/network/interfaces ## for WPA encryption with shared ASCII key. ## Use appropriate local IP numbers. --- CUT --- # wireless interface iface wlan0 inet static wpa-driver wext wpa-ssid wpa-psk address 192.168.xxx.xxx netmask 255.255.255.0 gateway 192.168.1.1 (maybe) auto wlan0 --- CUT --- # Start/stop the interface with: ifup wlan0 ifdown wlan0 # Add router or dns server address to /etc/resolv.conf nameserver 192.168.1.1 ====================================== _____read-edid_____ get-edid | parse-edid ====================================== ___ ADD BACPORTS REPO ___ (Useful only after installing to hard drive.) uncomment the deb line for backports.debian.org in /etc/apt/sources.list deb http://backports.debian.org/debian-backports squeeze-backports main aptitude (or apt-get) update apt-get (or aptitude) -t squeeze-backports install "package" ========================================= ___ DEBIAN MULTIMEDIA REPO ___ uncomment the deb line for debian-multimedia.org in /etc/apt/sources.list deb http://www.debian-multimedia.org squeeze main non-free apt-get (or aptitude) install debian-multimedia-keyring apt-get (or aptitude) update (or maybe you need to run the update before you install the keyring) =========================================