NOTE: Readers having difficulty in reading the text may need to change their encoding to UTF-8. -------- srI: SrI upakAra sangraham ? 48 --- adikAram ? 1 poorva upakAra paramparai (The Foremost Series of Favours) --- SECTION ? 5 (11) [continued] (27 Favours of the Lord leading to the means for MOKSHAM) ----- SwAmi Desikan next takes up the system of Jain religion, which is referred to as ?~afht? , ?Arhata? and says that the Lord prevents the sAttvika persons from being carried away by the tenets of this philosophy too. Now, let us look at the basics of this philosophy: The originator of this philosophy is said to be arha. That is why SwAmi Desikan refers this religion as ?Arhata?. According to the modern philosophers, VardamAna, who is popularly known as MahAveera, systemized the doctrine of three teerthankaras (founders of the path), namely, Rishabha, AjitanAtha and Arishtenemi, all of ancient date. The Jaina system also does not accept the authority of the Veda. But it does not accept that Buddhist theory of momentariness. It accepts the existence of the universe but not God. The universe is composed of six dravyas. They are: 1) jivas, 2) dharma, 3) adhrama, 4) pudgalam, 5) time and 6) AkAsa. 1) Of these, jIvas are of three kinds?namely, baddas (the bound), yOgasiddas (those who attained perfection through yOga) and muktas (those who have attained final release). A jIva is of the size equal to his body so long as he is in this world. 2) Dharma is a particular substance which, in regard to things possessing motion, forms the cause of motion, and which pervades the whole world. 3) Adharma forms the cause of inertia and is all-pervasive. 4) Pudgala are the atoms, mountains and oceans. 5) Time helps to specify the past, the present and the future. 6) AkAsa is one and consists of infinite special divisions. In the Jaina philosophy, knowledge, conduct, penance, detachment, ahimsa are the means for salvation. Moksha is the manifestitation of atma?s natural and true form. The Jains speak of contradictory qualities are present in the same substance, which are sevn and called, saptabhangi. In the Brahmasutra, the Jain doctrines are discussed and rejected in four sutras in the second quarter of the second Chapter. The Adhikarana devoted to this discussion is, ?@kiSmÚs<_avaixkr[m!? , ?Ekasminna sambhavAdhikaraNam?. In the first sutra, ?nEkiSmÚs<_avat!? (2-2-31), ?naikasminnasambhavAt? (2-2-31), their theory of contradictory qualities are present in the same substance is rejected as is impossible. In the second Sutra, ?@v< caTma=kaTSNyRm!? (2-2-32), ?Evam cAtmAkAtsnryam? (2-2-32), the theory of the size of the self is that of the body is rejected. In the third Sutra, ?n c pyaRyadPyivraexae ivkaraid_y>? (2-2-33), ?na ca paryAyApyavirOdhO vikArAdibyah? (2-2-33), it is stated that there is no contradiction even from modifications of the state, because change and others happen to the self. In the fourth and last Sutra, ?ANTyaviSwteZcae_ayintytvadyvize;>? (2-2-34), ?anyAvasthitEshcObhaynityatvAdvihsEShah? (2-2-34), the Jains theory is rejected because of the persistence of the final condition (of the self in salvation) there is the permanence of both (the self and its dimensions in that state) and hence there is no difference (with the previous states.) SrIbhAshyakAra rejects the view of the Jainas that the self possesses the same dimension of the body because of inconsistencies. SwAmi Desikan shows that the Lord does this favour to the sAttvika soul by saving him from falling into the trap of the Jaina philosophy which is full of contradictions. With this, we have considered all the three religions which do not accept the authority of the Vedas. (To continue) dAsan Anbil SrInivAsan ---------- ____________________________________________________________________________________ Be a better friend, newshound, and know-it-all with Yahoo! Mobile. Try it now. http://mobile.yahoo.com/;_ylt=Ahu06i62sR8HDtDypao8Wcj9tAcJ Oppiliappan Koil Varadachari Sadagopan http://www.sadagopan.org Yahoo! Groups Links <*> To visit your group on the web, go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Oppiliappan/ <*> Your email settings: Individual Email | Traditional <*> To change settings online go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Oppiliappan/join (Yahoo! ID required) <*> To change settings via email: mailto:Oppiliappan-digest@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx mailto:Oppiliappan-fullfeatured@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx <*> To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: Oppiliappan-unsubscribe@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx <*> Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to: http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
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