SrImate SrI ra'nga rAmAnuja mahA deSikAya namah.
SrI vishNu sahasra nAmam - phala Sruti - Part 5.
Rshayah pitaro devAh mahAbhUtAni dhAtavah |
ja'ngamAja'ngamam ca idam jagat nArAyaNodbhavam || (18)
"All the Sages, the departed ancestors, the different gods, the great
elements, their effects, the moving and the non-moving objects that
comprise the Universe, all have their origin on nArAyaNa".
This Slokam and the next one declare that everything that exists, has
existed and will ever exist have as their origin and support bhagavAn
SrIman nArAyaNa. SrI bhaTTar notes that anything and anyone that is
under the influence and control of dharmam has bhagavAn as their
origin ? dharmAnubandhinAmapi tad-udbhavatvam Aha.
SrI bhaTTar provides word-by-word explanation:
- Rshayah ? manvAdayah, tasya smartArah, anushThAtAraSca (Manu
and others; the writers of smRti-s as well as those who practice
them);
- pitarah, devAh ? avAntara ? ArAdhyAh ? The Manes and the gods
who are the subsidiary divinities that are to be worshiped.
- mahA bhUtAni ? viyadAdIni ? The five great elements (air,
water, fire, earth and ether)
- dhAtavah - tat-kAryANi, tvak carmAdIni etAni karma phala
bhoga uapakaraNAni ? skin etc., that are provided as the means of
enjoyment of the fruits of karma
- ja'ngama aja'ngamam ca idam jagat ? This world of beings both
moving and non-moving, that enjoy the fruits of karma-s.
- nArAyaNa udbhavam ? all originated from nArAyaNa.
yogo j~nAnam tathA sA'nkhyam vidyAh SilpAni karma ca |
vedAh SastrANi vij~nAnam etat sarvam janArdanAt ||
(19)
"The knowledge of yoga, sA'nkhya, other branches of learning, arts,
works, Vedas and SAstra-s ? a knowledge of all these springs from
bhagavAn janArdana".
The Critical Edition has the pATham "SilpAni", and SrI bhaTTar has
used the pATham "SilpAdi". Also, SrI bhaTTar seems to have used the
pATham yoga j~nAnam instead of `yogo j~nAnam'. The former would
mean `knowledge of yoga' sprung from janArdana, and the later would
mean `yoga and j~nAna' originated from janArdana.
The previous Slokam declared that bhagavAn is the source and origin
of all cetana-s and acetana-s (sentient and insentient beings). This
Slokam declares that bhagavAn is the Source of all knowledge as
well. Again, SrI bhaTTar gives word-by-word meanings.
- yoga j~nAnam ? yogasya j~nAnam; j~nAnam ? SAstram. yogo dvi-
vidhah samAdhi yogah, karma yogaSca | (j~nAnam = SAstra-s; yoga is
of two kinds ? bhakti yoga and karma yoga. So yoga j~nAnam means the
knowledge of the SAstra-s related to bhakti yogam and karma yogam.
- sA'nkhyam ? sa'nkhyayA tattvAnAm avadhAraNam sA'nkhyam ? The
science by which the nature of the Realities is arrived at by means
of sankhyA or intellect.
- vidyAh ? vyAkaraNAdi a'nga vidyAh, dhanur, Ayur, gAndharva
prabhRtIni dRshTArthAni upa-vidyAh - The subsidiary branches of
knowledge such as grammar, archery, medicine, music, dancing etc.
(veda-s are considered the foremost among sciences, as we see below).
- Silpa Adi ? Sculptures, architecture, etc.
- karma ? sarvatra anushTheyam karma - Observance of duties in
all places.
- vedAh ? pradhAna vidyAh - The foremost among all sciences.
- SAstrANi ? smRti, itihAsa purANAni ? smRti, itihAsa-s and
purANa-s.
- sarvam etat vij~nAnam ? all these SAstra-s
- janArdanAt (udbhavanti) ? All these sciences are born of
janArdana.
The greatness of BhagavAn as revealed by His possession of all things
and beings in both the nitya vibhUti (SrI vaikuNTham) and the leelA
vibhUti (all the other Universes), is sung in the next Slokam.
eko vishNur_mahad-bhUtam pRthak-bhUtAnyanekaSah |
trIn-lokAn vyApya bhUtAtmA bhu'nkte viSva-bhuk avyayah ||
(20)
"vishNu is the unique and unparalleled Deity in that He pervades the
many, various, and different objects of the three Universes, and the
three worlds of souls. Remaining as the Inner Soul of everything, He
protects and enjoys the Universe, and yet remains untouched by their
foibles and defects".
Again SrI bhaTTar provides word-by-word meanings and
interpretation.
- ekah - svayam ekah san, Being the Supreme Deity above all else
- vyApya ? teshAm niyama SeshitvAdibhih AtmA bhavan ? By
pervading, by being the Inner Soul of, Controller of, and Master of
- anekaSah pRthak bhUtAni - asa'nkhyeyatayA rUpa-prakAra-
pariNAma-prayojana bhedena pRthak ca sthitAni mahAnti bhUtAni - The
great Elements that are of countless forms, manners, mutations, and
utility which are distinct and different from one another.
- trIn lokAn ca ? baddha mukta nityAn cetanAn ? and of the
three worlds of souls, namely, the bound souls, Released souls, and
Eternal angels.
- viSva-bhuk ? sarvathA paripAlakah; and by being the Sole
Protector of everything in all the Universes; tathA'pi ? Even so,
- avyayah ? tad-doshaih aparAmRshTah, punaSca para vibhUtyA ?
being untouched by the faults of any of the souls whose AtmA He is.
- mahad-bhUtam ? avA'ng-manasa gocaraSca bhavan ? His greatness
is beyond description through words, imagination by the mind, etc.
- bhu'nkte ? leelA bhoga rasam anubhavati ? and He enjoys the
pleasure of Divine Sport and Divine Bliss.
SrI Sa'nkara has not commented on this Slokam. However, SrI T. S.
Krishnamoorthy, who has provided a translation for Sa'nkara bhAshyam,
provides the following translation:
"vishNu, the one great Being, pervades innumerable individual beings
and the three worlds; and being the undecaying Self and enjoyer of
all, He experiences everything (and also protects)". He has
essentially echoed the translation provided by SrI R. Anantakrishna
Sastry.
An interpretation that is more reflective of the advaitic philosophy
is given by SrI rAdhAkRshNa SAstri, a rough translation of which
follows: "Lord vishNu who permeates everywhere, became mahat, the
basis for all the three worlds. Then He became many, took different
forms, and filled all the worlds with these forms; He is the soul of
all things that appeared thus. He is enjoying these worlds without
being distinct from them in the slightest way. He ultimately
contains everything within Himself. (He is the One who performs
creation, protection, and destruction)".
-dAsan kRshNamAcAryan
(To be continued)
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