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Oppiliappan List Archive: Message 00057 Nov 2004

 
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SrI:
 
Dear BhakthAs :
 
In this CONCLUDING posting , adiyEn would focus on Acharya RaamanujA's
summary of the FOUR AdhyAyAs ( Chapters) of FOUR PaadhAs , each of which
contain various adhikaraNAs ( the complete argument that covers one issue
under discussion and the conclusions about that issue ).
 
The First of the Four AdhyAyAs with its own Four PaadhAs
**************************************************************************
AchArya RaamAnujA establishes in the First AdhyAyA that
the world is caused by an Omniscient Supreme Person , whose
will (sankalpam ) can not be obstructed .This Supreme Brahman
is further defined with the authority of PramANAs as being free from
any imperfections and having all auspicious attributes . The Jagath
KaaraNathvam of the world and its entities (sentients and insentients )
are solely due to this Supreme Brahman and not due to the agency
of either Moola Prakruthi or the Jeevan .
 
The Second of the Four AdhyAyAs of Brahma Sutrams & its Four Paadhams
*************************************************************************************************
The second adhyAyam firms up in an irrefutable manner the doctrines
advanced in the First adhyAyayam . It rejects the doctrines of SaankyA
system of philosophy that does not  accept VedAs as the authority ( PramANam).
 
In the third paadham of the Second adhyAyaa , the differences between
Prakruthi and JeevAthma are covered . Both are shown to be the creations of
Brahman or the effects of Brahman. Prakruthi is shown as undergoing transformation
to become many through direct changes in its Roopam or Form . In contrast ,
JeevAthman retains its Roopa (Form) but transforms itself into many through
the contraction or expansion of its SvabhAvam ( natural intelligence). Prakruthi
or achith undergoes " Svaroopa anyaTA BhAvam ( Changes in Svaroopam) .
The Chith ( Jeevan) undergoes SvabhAva anyaTA BhAvam through
Jn~Ana sankOcha -vikaasam.
 
Sriman BhAshyam summarizes the purport of the first two adhyAyams
this way : " In the first two adhyAyAs , Brahman has been established
as an object of contemplation by persons desirous of salvation ( Moksham) ;
as a Being (Brahman) is without any imperfections but filled with all good
qualities and is the primaeval cause of the Universe . The Third and the Fourth
addhyAyAs focus on how to contemplate (Saadhanaa) on that Brahman and
the gain (Phalan) derived by such contemplation , i-e., Moksha."
 
The Third AdhyAyA of Brahma Sutrams with its Four Paadhams
*********************************************************************************
The four PaadhAs deal with (1) description of the samsAric afflictions
as a background to create a taste for the contemplation on Brahman to
free oneself from the sorrows of SamsAram (2) The Ubhaya Linga
aspects of Brahman are emphasized to increase the enthusiasm for 
BrahmOpAsana by the Jeevan. The Ubhaya lingams ( twin marks )
of Brahman are the freedom from any and all blemishes ( hEyams)
and being the abode of limitless auspicious attributes ( anantha
kalyANa guNAkarathvam) , (3) The third paadham establishes that 
BrahmOpAsanam is of many kinds and they are described for
the SaadhakAs (4) The fourth paadham focuses on VarNAsrama
dharmams as a help for Saadhana for the different UpAsanAs .
 
The Fourth AdhyAyam of Brahma Sutrams with its four Paadhams
*************************************************************************************
The gains or the Phalans of BrahmOpAsanam are examined in
this adhyAyam .The method of performing a specific upAsanaa
and the glories arising from the pursuit  of such upAsana is covered in
the First paadham . The second paadham handles the way in which
one contemplating Brahman commences on the journey to Brahman .
The third Paadham describes the path by which the successful
UpAsakan travels towards Brahman and reaches the Brahman
( archirAdhi mArgam or the path of light ). The Fourth paadham
describes how a BrahmOpAsakan enjoys Brahman ( anubhavam of
ParipoorNa BrahmAnandham in the abode of the Brahman ).
 
The Four AdhyAyAs of Brahma Sutram & Their Coverage
*************************************************************************
The Brahma SutrAs cover the Tattva, Hitha and PurushArTams 
that would help a person desirous of Moksham should know and
practise to realize Moksham .  These three are summarized by
SrimAn BhAshyam this way :
 
(1) TATVA /Doctrine : " That Brahman  , free from all defects ,
a treasure house full of beneficient virtues of the highest kind,
innumerable and immeasurable is the Creator of the Universe."
 
(2) HITHA/Means : " That the knowledge of such Brahman , which is 
the way to attain Moksham is the DhyAna (contemplation) , which is 
the culmination reached by constant and continous UpAsana ."
 
(3) PURUSHARTAM/Ultimate Fruit :  The fruit of this contemplation is 
the complete enjoyment ( of the Brahman) without return to this ( praakruthic)
world  ever again and performing nithya ( uninterrupted ) Kaimkaryam
to the Divine couple in their Supreme Abode ( Srivaikuntam). " This enjoyment
is preceded by  the manifestations of the jeevan's own natural intelligence
etc., after attaining Brahman through the path of ArchirAdhi ".
 
THUS CONCLUDES THE INTRODUCTION PORTION
OF VEDANTHA DHEEPA .   
 
Sri RaamAnuja CharaNou SaraNam PrapadhyE ,
Daasan , Oppiliappan KOil VaradAchAri Sadagopan

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