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Oppiliappan List Archive: Message 00067 Oct 2003

 
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Post 10

Dear srivaishNava perunthagaiyeer,

Continuing the topic of "good governance- raamaa's style", we saw in post 9, 
the points on financial management. In this post, how king must act 'in time' 
is stressed.

A king should NOT indulge in long hours of sleep derelicting his duty of 
governance. See here raamaa asks this question how long you are sleeping - to 
bharathaa when they met in chithrakootam [from kaschith sargam]

kachchin nidhraavasam naishi kachchith kaalE vibudhyasE | 
kachchimscha apara raathrishu chinthayasi artha naipuNam || 2-100- 17

kachchidh nidhraavasam = at times quite sleepy
naiShi = not indulging
kachchith kaalE vibudhyasE = when required you get up in time
kachchidh cha apara raathrishu = at times when required in the late nights
chinthayasi artha naipuNam = hold brain-storming discussions with experts in 
administration

meaning: hey bharathaa, as part of your duty, I hope you are not sleeping too 
much. Similarly when required, you are also getting up from bed correctly on 
time. When required, I hope, you hold brain- storming sessions late in the 
nights with your experts in administration. 

Point: see here the advice to the youngster by the senior - a king should not 
sleep too much, simlarly not keep awake too much - means enough sleep to keep 
him alert and healthy. Just see the advice of soorpanaka to raavaNa her 
brother. The youngster advising the elder - roles reversed.

nayanaabhyaam prasupthO vaa jaagarthi naya chakshushaa |
vyaktha krOdha prasaadha: cha sa raajaa poojyathE janai: || 3-33-21

nayanaabhyaam = by two eyes [closed] 
[ya] pra suptha: vaa =  [who] well slept 
jaagarthi naya chakshushaa = [who is] of wakeful wariness in the eyes 
vyaktha krOdha prasaadha: cha = also confidence grace evident
sa raajaa poojyathE janai: = he the king revered by people.
[in other meaning-  vyakta krodhaH pramaadha: cha = also discarded the frenzy 
fury] 

Meaning: He who keeps his [mental] eyes of alertness wakeful while he slept 
well [closing his physical] eyes, and, he whose gall and grace are made evident 
[to people without any concealment or cunningness] he will be revered as the 
king by his people. 
Or
He who keeps his [mental] eyes of wariness wakeful, while he slept well 
[closing his physical] eyes, thus discarded his fury and frenzy as well, he 
will be revered as the king by his own people. 

Point: the important point here is the king has to be 'alert' vigilant - ready 
to react to demanding situations. If he is too sleepy, then it is useless. 
Similarly if he is too wakeful also, it is uselss. See the king must 

Kachchidh arthan vinischithya laghumoolam mahOdhayam |
kshipram aarabhasE karthum na dheerghayasi raaghava: || 2-100- 18

raaghava = hey bharathaa
kachchid arthan = certain works
vinischithya = decided to implement
laghu moolam = providing good results
mahOdhayam = religiously good to all
kshipram aarabhasE = starting action swiftly or deciding  fast
karthum = to do
na dheerghayasi = not delaying

meaning: hey bharathaa, certain works which you think will produce good results 
and beneficial to the good of all people in such cases I hope you are NOT 
delaying to start these works. 

Point: any decision in the opinion of the king should not be delayed - either 
in passing on to the ministers for their due diligence and then taking a 
decision collectively or in the reverse process - the ministers informing the 
king and he does not give his decision but postpones. The timelyness of 
decisions and actions is stressed here.

para avamanthaa vishayEshu sangavaan na dhEesa kaala pravibhaaga thaththva vith 
|
ayuktha budhdhi: guNa dhOsha nischayE vipanna raajyO na chiraath vipathsyathE 
|| 3-33-23

para avamanthaa vishayEshu sangavaan = humiliating ravishes, hobnobbing with 
others
na dhEsa kaala pra vibhaaga thaththva vith = not placed in time or well delved 
up [apportioned] object is not cognisant, 
a yuktha budhdhi: guNa dhOsha nischayE = not having the mind in deciding 
[mindless] the rights wrongs 
vipanna raajya: na chiraath vipathsyathE = not before long such a kingdom 
imperilled / ruined.

Meaning: soorpanaka says to raavaNa - Humiliating others, you are hobnobbing 
with your ravishes. You are incognisant of the object for apportionment of time 
and place [for your activities, as to when and where and how the things are to 
be dealt with, since you are not attending any soveriegn activity]. You are 
mindless in deciding rights and wrongs even. Thereby ruined is your kingdom and 
imperilled are you before long." 

[Thus Shurpanakha declaimed or summed up her talk to him about his 
worthlessness as a king.]

Point: here again the timeliness of decisions on the king's part is stressed. 
See point on timeliness. Also added is that -However self-sufficient and 
self-assured a king might be, he cannot under-estimate rival kings as trivial, 
unilaterally. He should be on his guard lest he will be overthrown for he is 
associated with many un-kingly attitudes.

kachchidh dharsayasE nithyam manushyaaNaan vibhooshitham |
uththaaya uththaaya poorvaahnE raajaputhrO mahaapathE || 2 - 100 -  51

kachchidh dharsayasE nithyam = are you exhibiting yourself daily
manushyaaNaan = to the people
vibhooshitham = well meant to be seen 
poorvaahnE = in the morning times
uththaaya uththaaya = getting up 
raajaputhrO mahaapathE = hey prince and great man

meaning: hey prince - are you showing up yourself to the people in the streets 
daily in the morning times by getting up timely.

Point: as a king he must not seclude himself from people. So the elder advises 
are you appearing before the people daily in the mornings. To do this the king 
has to get up daily in the morning at the appropriate time and then do his 
morning rites according to his varNa dharma viz. Kshathriya dharmam. Then he 
has to go t the streets properly dressed after attending to the morning 
rajareega kaaryam- administrative matters which requires king's attention 
first.  So again the timeliness is stressed. Now see another scene.

kim ayam kaama vruththa: thE luptha dharmaartha sangraha: |
bharthaa bhartruhithE yukthE na cha evam avabudhyase || 4-33-43

kim ayam kaama vruththa: = why he is inclined to lustfulness 
thE [bharthaa] luptha dharma artha sangraha: = your [husband] is garnering 
remiss of rectitude, riches,
bhartaa = husband; 
bharthru hithE yukthE = in husband's prosperity you the associate [oh, thaaraa]
na cha Evam avabudhyasE = you also not perceive about him.

Meaning: lakshmaNa addresses thaaraa - Oh, the associate of husband's 
prosperity! Why your husband is inclined to lustfulness alone, remiss in 
garnering rectitude and riches, and you also do not perceive his dereliction.
Point again isthat a king should not be drelict and waste his time is lust 
alone.

na chinthayathi raajyaartham sa: asmaan sOka paraayaNaan |
sa amaathya parishath thaarE kaamam Eva upasEvathE || 4-33-44

na chinthayathi raajya artham = he does not think about the kingdom's interests 
sa: asmaan sOka paraayaNaan = he does not think about our anguish or need 
sa amaathya parishath = [your husband] with the ministers retinue
thaarE kaamam Eva upasEvathE = oh, thaaraa, in savour of lechery alone.

Meaning: Without thinking either about the interests of the kingdom or about 
us, who are in the servility of anguish, your husband with his retinue, oh, 
Tara, is in the savour of lechery alone.

Point: see again lakshmaNa insists that the king should be attentive to his 
duty first and the timeliness of action from the king - of arranging for the 
search party to find seetha. 

So the highlight of this post is the king MUST ACT in time for any thing and 
every thing.

Dhasan

Vasudevan m.g.


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