Upwelling: I Georges Bank

Engstrom, Slapik and Gill
Question Answer
What is upwelling and how does it effect productivity? Upwelling is a process in which nutrient rich bottom water is brought to the surface where there is light. This increases productivity by providing phytoplankton at the surface with the nutrients they need for growth and reproduction. Phytoplankton  are primary producers so an increase in their population is reflected all the way up the food chain. As a result areas that have upwelling also have thriving fishing industries.
Where is Georges Bank located? Georges Bank is located off of the Coast of Massachusetts. This entire region is known as the Gulf of Maine.
Describe in simple terms and pictures, the cause of upwelling  at George's bank.   Upwelling at George's Bank is caused because the gulf stream currents flowing along the east coast hit an underwater mountain.  When the nutrient rich water hits the mountain the current pushes all the nutrients from the sea floor up the mountain and toward the surface where there is light.  This causes an algae bloom which in turn makes for a bigger food pyramid because there is more producers for the consumers to feed on.
What are the economically important species found at George's bank. Who fishes for them and who owns and regulates the fishing industry there? The economically important species found at Georges Bank are Cod, Halibut, Flounder, Mackerel, Tuna and many other ground fish species.  The US and Canadian governments have the authority to regulate the fishing industry at Georges Bank as a result of the 200 mile territorial fishing limit established by UN mandate in the late 70s . Georges Bank is an internationally important fishery that has been heavily used by the US, Russian, Portuguese, Canadian and Japanese fishing fleets as well as others. 
Historically what has been the cause of over fishing? What has been the governmental response to over fishing? Who sets catch limits and how are these limits enforced In the last century Fish stocks at George's Bank became severely depleted as a result of over fishing. This was due to a lack of regulatory control.  Georges Bank was a great fishing spot that was a very small area and was well known.  Since no one was able to set regulations people could take as many fish as they wanted.  Such intense international pressure on such a small area soon depleted the fish stocks. In the last 70's the UN increased the territorial fishing limit to 200 miles. This allowed countries to regulate and set catch limits on fisheries within 200 miles of their shores.
Why is an area like George's bank particularly prone to over fishing? Georges Bank is a small area that many people know about.  Intense fishing and a lack of regulation  inevitably lead to overfishing. 
References: You should provide references for all of your answers and images.
Page Name URL
1.Upwelling currents and El Ninos Exercise-Microsoft Internet Explorer.

2.Research Program and Fisheries Context

1.http://squall.sfsu.edu/courses/geol103/2/labs/upwelling/upwelling.home.html

2.http://zoolplankton.lsu.edu/WEB_POSTER/gbank_color.jpg