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<p><!-- Begin file 18 of 26:  Letter R (Version 0.46) 
        
           This file is part 18 of the GNU version of
     The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
               Also referred to as GCIDE
  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 

GCIDE is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
any later version.

GCIDE is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
GNU General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this copy of GCIDE; see the file COPYING.  If not, write 
to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
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           * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 

           This dictionary was derived from the
         Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary
                 Version published 1913
               by the  C. &amp; G. Merriam Co.
                   Springfield, Mass.
                 Under the direction of
                Noah Porter, D.D., LL.D.

                        and from
           WordNet, a semantic network created by
              the Cognitive Science Department
                 of Princeton University
                  under the direction of
                   Prof. George Miller

             and is being updated and supplemented by
         an open coalition of volunteer collaborators from
                       around the world.

     This electronic dictionary is the starting point for an 
ongoing project to develop a modern on-line comprehensive encyclopedic
dictionary, by the efforts of all individuals willing to help build a
large and freely available knowledge base.  Contributions of data,
time, and effort are requested from any person willing to assist creation
of a comprehensive and organized knowledge base for free access on the
internet.  Anyone willing to assist in any way in constructing such a
knowledge base should contact:

     Patrick Cassidy          pc@worldsoul.org
     735 Belvidere Ave.       Office: (908)668-5252
     Plainfield, NJ 07062
     (908) 561-3416

    Last edited January 17, 2002.

 --></p>

<p><centered><point16>R.</point16></centered></p>

<p><hw>R</hw> <pr>(&auml;r)</pr>. <def>R, the eighteenth letter of the English alphabet, is a vocal consonant.  It is sometimes called a <xex>semivowel</xex>, and a <xex>liquid</xex>. See <xex>Guide to Pronunciation</xex>, &sect;&sect; 178, 179, and 250-254.</def> &ldquo;<xex>R</xex> is the dog's letter and hurreth in the sound.&rdquo;  <rj><au>B. Jonson.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><note>    In words derived from the Greek language the letter <xex>h</xex> is generally written after <xex>r</xex> to represent the aspirated sound of the Greek <grk>"r</grk>, but does not affect the pronunciation of the English word, as <xex>rhapsody</xex>, <xex>rhetoric</xex>.<br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]<pbr/>
    The English letter derives its form from the Greek through the Latin, the Greek letter being derived from the Ph&oelig;nician, which, it is believed, is ultimately of Egyptian origin. Etymologically, R is most closely related to <it>l</it>, <it>s</it>, and <it>n</it>; as in bando<it>r</it>e, mando<it>l</it>e; purp<it>l</it>e, L. purpu<it>r</it>a; E. chapte<it>r</it>, F. chapit<it>r</it>e, L. capitu<it>l</it>um; E. wa<it>s</it>, we<it>r</it>e; ha<it>r</it>e, G. ha<it>s</it>e; E. orde<it>r</it>, F. ord<it>r</it>e, L. ordo, ordi<it>n</it>is; E. coffe<it>r</it>, coffi<it>n.</it>
</note><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>The three Rs</b></col>, <cd>a jocose expression for reading, (w)riting, and (a)rithmetic, -- the fundamentals of an education.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>R&amp;D</hw> <pr>(&auml;r"&abreve;n*d&emacr;")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[<ets>r</ets>esearch and <ets>d</ets>evelopment.]</ety> <def>research and development; used mostly to refer to the division of a corporation responsible for performing research and developing new products; -- a commonly used abbreviation.</def><br/>
<syn><b>Syn. --</b> R and D, research and development.</syn>
[<source>PJC</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra</hw> <pr>(r&auml;)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A roe; a deer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Chaucer.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra-</hw>. <def>A prefix, from the Latin <xex>re</xex> and <xex>ad</xex> combined, coming to us through the French and Italian. See <er>Re-</er>, and <er>Ad-</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Raash</hw> <pr>(r&auml;sh)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Ar. <ets>ra'ash</ets> trembling, tremor.]</ety> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>The electric catfish.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>raasch</asp>.]</altsp><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rab</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;b)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A rod or stick used by masons in mixing hair with mortar.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rab"at</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;b"&abreve;t)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Rabot</er>.]</ety> <def>A polishing material made of potter's clay that has failed in baking.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>&Verbar;Ra`bat"</hw> <pr>(r&adot_;*b&amacr;t")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. Cf. <er>Rabato</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A clerical linen collar.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A kind of clerical scarf fitted to a collar; <as>as, a black silk <ex>rabat</ex></as>.</def><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra*bate"</hw> <pr>(r&adot_;*b&amacr;t")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>rabattre</ets> to beat down; pref. <ets>re-</ets> + <ets>abattre</ets>. See <er>Abate</er>, and cf. <er>Rebate</er>, <pos>v.</pos>]</ety> <fld>(Falconry)</fld> <def>To recover to the fist, as a hawk.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rab"a*tine</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;b"&adot_;*t&ibreve_;n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Rabato</er>.]</ety> <def>A collar or cape.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Sir W. Scott.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra*ba"to</hw> <pr>(r&adot_;*b&amacr;"t&ouptack_;)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>rabat</ets>, fr. <ets>rabattre</ets>. See <er>Rabate</er>.]</ety> <def>A kind of ruff for the neck; a turned-down collar; a rebato.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Shak.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rab*bate"</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;b*b&amacr;t")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Rabate</er>.]</ety> <def>To abate or diminish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>Abatement.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></def2><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rab"bet</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;b"b&ebreve_;t)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Rabbeted</conjf>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Rabbeting</conjf>.]</vmorph> <ety>[F. <ets>raboter</ets> to plane, plane down,<ets>rabot</ets> a plane; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + OF. <ets>abouter</ets>, <ets>aboter</ets>. See <er>Abut</er>, and cf. <er>Rebut</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To cut a rabbet in; to furnish with a rabbet.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To unite the edges of, as boards, etc., in a rabbet joint.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rab"bet</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Rabbet</er>, <pos>v.</pos>, and cf. <er>Rebate</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Carp.)</fld> <def>A longitudinal channel, groove, or recess cut out of the edge or face of any body; especially, one intended to receive another member, so as to break or cover the joint, or more easily to hold the members in place; thus, the groove cut for a panel, for a pane of glass, or for a door, is a <xex>rabbet</xex>, or rebate.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Same as <xex>Rabbet joint</xex>, below.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Rabbet joint</b></col> <fld>(Carp.)</fld>, <cd>a joint formed by fitting together rabbeted boards or timbers; -- called also <altname>rabbet</altname>.</cd> -- <col><b>Rabbet plane</b></col>, <cd>a joiner's plane for cutting a rabbet.</cd> <au>Moxon.</au></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rab"bi</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;r"b&imacr; <it>or</it> r&abreve;r"b&ibreve_;; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu><it>pl.</it> <plw>Rabbis</plw> <pr>(r&abreve;r"b&imacr;z <it>or</it> r&abreve;r"b&ibreve_;z)</pr> or <plw>Rabbies</plw>.</plu> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <grk>"rabbi`</grk>, Heb. <ets>rab&imacr;</ets> my master, from <ets>rab</ets> master, lord, teacher, akin to Ar. <ets>rabb</ets>.]</ety> <def>Master; lord; teacher; -- a Jewish title of respect or honor for a teacher or doctor of the law.</def> &ldquo;The gravest <xex>rabbies</xex>.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Milton.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Be not ye called <qex>Rabbi</qex>, for one is your Master, even Christ, and all ye are brethren.</q> <rj><qau>Matt. xxiii. 8.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rab"bin</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;b"b&ibreve_;n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Rabbi</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><mhw>{ <hw>Rab*bin"ic</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;b*b&ibreve_;n"&ibreve_;k)</pr>, <hw>Rab*bin"ic*al</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;b*b&ibreve_;n"&ibreve_;*k&aitalic_;l)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>rabbinique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the rabbins or rabbis, or pertaining to the opinions, learning, or language of the rabbins.</def> &ldquo;Comments staler than <xex>rabbinic</xex>.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Lowell.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>We will not buy your <qex>rabbinical</qex> fumes.</q> <rj><qau>Milton.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rab*bin"ic</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;b*b&ibreve_;n"&ibreve_;k)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The language or dialect of the rabbins; the later Hebrew.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rab*bin"ic*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a rabbinical manner; after the manner of the rabbins.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rab"bin*ism</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;b"b&ibreve_;n*&ibreve_;z'm)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>rabbinisme</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A rabbinic expression or phraseology; a peculiarity of the language of the rabbins.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>The teachings and traditions of the rabbins.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rab"bin*ist</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;b"b&ibreve_;n*&ibreve_;st)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>rabbiniste</ets>.]</ety> <def>One among the Jews who adhered to the Talmud and the traditions of the rabbins, in opposition to the <xex>Karaites</xex>, who rejected the traditions.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rab"bin*ite</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;b"b&ibreve_;n*&imacr;t)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as <er>Rabbinist</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rab"bit</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;b"b&ibreve_;t)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>rabet</ets>, akin to OD. <ets>robbe</ets>, <ets>robbeken</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>Any of the smaller species of the genus Lepus, especially the common European species (<spn>Lepus cuniculus</spn>), which is often kept as a pet, and has been introduced into many countries. It is remarkably prolific, and has become a pest in some parts of Australia and New Zealand.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><note>&hand_; The common American rabbit (<spn>Lepus sylvatica</spn>) is similar but smaller. See <er>Cottontail</er>, and <cref>Jack rabbit</cref>, under 2d <er>Jack</er>. The larger species of Lepus are commonly called <xex>hares</xex>. See <er>Hare</er>.</note><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Angora rabbit</b></col> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld>, <cd>a variety of the domestic rabbit having long, soft fur.</cd> -- <col><b>Rabbit burrow</b></col>, <cd>a hole in the earth made by rabbits for shelter and habitation.</cd> -- <col><b>Rabbit fish</b></col>. <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The northern chim&aelig;ra (<spn>Chim&aelig;ra monstrosa</spn>)</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Any one of several species of plectognath fishes, as the bur fish, and puffer. The term is also locally applied to other fishes.</cd> -- <col><b>Rabbits' ears</b></col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Cyclamen</er>.</cd><!-- a type of antenna with two long narrow metal prongs, usually arranged so as to remeniscent of erect rabbit's ears.  --> -- <col><b>Rabbit warren</b></col>, <cd>a piece of ground appropriated to the breeding and preservation of rabbits.</cd> <au>Wright.</au> -- <col><b>Rock rabbit</b></col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Daman</er>, and <er>Klipdas</er>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>the <er>pika</er>.</cd> -- <col><b>Welsh rabbit</b></col>, <cd>a dish of which the chief constituents are melted cheese over toasted bread, flavored in various ways, as with ale, beer, milk, or spices. The name is popularly said to be a corruption of <altname>Welsh rare bit</altname>, but it is probably merely a humorous designation; -- also called <altname>Welsh rarebit</altname>.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rab"bit*ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The hunting of rabbits.</def>  <rj><au>T. Hughes.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rab"bit*ry</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;b"b&ibreve_;t*r&ybreve_;)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A place where rabbits are kept; especially, a collection of hutches for tame rabbits.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rab"ble</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;b"b'l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <fld>(Iron Manuf.)</fld> <def>An iron bar, with the end bent, used in stirring or skimming molten iron in the process of puddling.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rab"ble</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To stir or skim with a rabble, as molten iron.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rab"ble</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Akin to D. <ets>rabbelen</ets>, Prov. G. <ets>rabbeln</ets>, to prattle, to chatter: cf. L. <ets>rabula</ets> a brawling advocate, a pettifogger, fr. <ets>rabere</ets> to rave.  Cf. <er>Rage</er>.]</ety> <def>To speak in a confused manner.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng. &amp; Scot.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rab"ble</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Probably named from the noise made by it (see <er>Rabble</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>) cf. D. <ets>rapalje</ets> rabble, OF. &amp; Prov. F. <ets>rapaille</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A tumultuous crowd of vulgar, noisy people; a mob; a confused, disorderly throng.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>I saw, I say, come out of London, even unto the presence of the prince, a great <qex>rabble</qex> of mean and light persons.</q> <rj><qau>Ascham.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Jupiter, Mercury, Bacchus, Venus, Mars, and the whole <qex>rabble</qex> of licentious deities.</q> <rj><qau>Bp. Warburton.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>A confused, incoherent discourse; a medley of voices; a chatter.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>The rabble</b></col>, <cd>the lowest class of people, without reference to an assembly; the dregs of the people.</cd> &ldquo;<xex>The rabble</xex> call him &lsquo;lord.'&rdquo;  <rj><au>Shak.</au></rj></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rab"ble</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining to a rabble; like, or suited to, a rabble; disorderly; vulgar.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>  <rj><au>Dryden.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rab"ble</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Rabbled</conjf> <pr>(r&abreve;b"b'ld)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Rabbling</conjf> <pr>(r&abreve;b"bl&ibreve_;ng)</pr>.]</vmorph> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To insult, or assault, by a mob; to mob; <as>as, to <ex>rabble</ex> a curate</as>.</def>  <rj><au>Macaulay.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>The bishops' carriages were stopped and the prelates themselves <qex>rabbled</qex> on their way to the house.</q> <rj><qau>J. R. Green.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To utter glibly and incoherently; to mouth without intelligence.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Scot.]</mark>  <rj><au>Foxe.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>To rumple; to crumple.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rab"ble*ment</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;b"b'l*m&eitalic_;nt)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A tumultuous crowd of low people; a rabble.</def> &ldquo;Rude <xex>rablement</xex>.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Spenser.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>And still, as he refused it, the <qex>rabblement</qex> hooted.</q> <rj><qau>Shak.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rab"bler</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;b"bl&etilde_;r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See 2d <er>Rabble</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>A scraping tool for smoothing metal.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rab"ble-rout`</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;b"b'l-rout`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A tumultuous crowd; a rabble; a noisy throng.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rab*doid"al</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;b*doid"&aitalic_;l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <grk>"ra`bdos</grk> a rod + <ets>-oid</ets> + <ets>-al</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>See <er>Sagittal</er>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>rhabdoidal</asp>.]</altsp><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rab*dol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;b*d&obreve_;l"&ouptack_;*j&ybreve_;)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <grk>"ra`bdos</grk> rod, stick + <ets>-logy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>rabdologie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The method or art of performing arithmetical operations by means of Napier's bones. See <er>Napier's bones</er>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>rhabdology</asp>.]</altsp><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rab"do*man`cy</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;b"d&ouptack_;*m&abreve;n`s&ybreve_;)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <grk>"ra`bdos</grk> rod + <ets>-mancy</ets>.]</ety> <def>Divination by means of rods or wands.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>rhabdomancy</asp>.]</altsp>  <rj><au>Sir T. Browne.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rab"id</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;b"&ibreve_;d)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>rabidus</ets>, from <ets>rabere</ets> to rave. See <er>Rage</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Furious; raging; extremely violent.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>The <qex>rabid</qex> flight<br/>
Of winds that ruin ships.</q> <rj><qau>Chapman.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Extreme, unreasonable, or fanatical in opinion; excessively zealous; <as>as, a <ex>rabid</ex> socialist</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>Affected with the distemper called <xex>rabies</xex>; mad; <as>as, a <ex>rabid</ex> dog or fox</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to rabies, or hydrophobia; <as>as, <ex>rabid</ex> virus</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra*bid"i*ty</hw> <pr>(r&adot_;*b&ibreve_;d"&ibreve_;*t&ybreve_;)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Rabidness; furiousness.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rab"id*ly</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;b"&ibreve_;d*l&ybreve_;)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a rabid manner; with extreme violence.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rab"id*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state of being rabid.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>&Verbar;Ra"bi*es</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"b&ibreve_;*&emacr;z)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. See <er>Rage</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Hydrophobia</er> <sd>(b)</sd>; canine madness.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rab"i*net</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;b"&ibreve_;*n&ebreve_;t)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A kind of small ordnance formerly in use.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>rabanet</asp>.]</altsp>  <rj><au>Ainsworth.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra"bi*ous</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"b&ibreve_;*&ubreve;s)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Fierce.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Daniel.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra"bot</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"b&obreve_;t)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A rubber of hard wood used in smoothing marble to be polished.</def>  <rj><au>Knight.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>&Verbar;Ra"ca</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"k&adot_;)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <grk>"raka`</grk>, from Chaldee <ets>r&emacr;k&amacr;</ets>.]</ety> <def>A term of reproach used by the Jews of our Savior's time, meaning &ldquo;worthless.&rdquo;</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Whosoever shall say to his brother, <qex>Raca</qex>, shall be in danger of the council.</q> <rj><qau>Matt. v. 22.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>&Verbar;Ra`ca`hout"</hw> <pr>(r&adot_;`k&adot_;`&oomacr_;")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>racahout</ets>, probably fr. Ar. <ets>r&amacr;qaut</ets>.]</ety> <def>A preparation from acorns used by the Arabs as a substitute for chocolate, and also as a beverage for invalids.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rac*coon"</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;k*k&oomacr_;n")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>raton</ets>, prop., a little rat, fr. <ets>rat</ets> rat, perhaps of German origin. See <er>Rat</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>A North American nocturnal carnivore (<spn>Procyon lotor</spn>) allied to the bears, but much smaller, and having a long, full tail, banded with black and gray. Its body is gray, varied with black and white. Called also <altname>coon</altname>, and <altname>mapach</altname>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Raccoon dog</b></col> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld>, <cd>the tanate.</cd> -- <col><b>Raccoon fox</b></col> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld>, <cd>the cacomixle.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Race</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;s)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To raze.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Spenser.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><!-- p. 1182 pr=vmg --></p>

<p><hw>Race</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF. <ets>ra&iuml;z</ets>, L. <ets>radix</ets>, <ets>-icis</ets>. See <er>Radix</er>.]</ety> <def>A root.</def> &ldquo;A <xex>race</xex> or two of ginger.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Shak.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Race ginger</b></col>, <cd>ginger in the root, or not pulverized.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Race</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>race</ets>; cf. Pr. &amp; Sp. <ets>raza</ets>, It. <ets>razza</ets>; all from OHG. <ets>reiza</ets> line, akin to E. <ets>write</ets>. See <er>Write</er>.]</ety><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>1.</sn> <def>The descendants of a common ancestor; a family, tribe, people, or nation, believed or presumed to belong to the same stock; a lineage; a breed.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>The whole <qex>race</qex> of mankind.</q> <rj><qau>Shak.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Whence the long <qex>race</qex> of Alban fathers come.</q> <rj><qau>Dryden.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><note>&hand_; Naturalists and ethnographers divide mankind into several distinct varieties, or races. Cuvier refers them all to three, Pritchard enumerates seven, Agassiz eight, Pickering describes eleven. One of the common classifications is that of Blumenbach, who makes five races: the <xex>Caucasian</xex>, or white race, to which belong the greater part of the European nations and those of Western Asia; the <xex>Mongolian</xex>, or yellow race, occupying Tartary, China, Japan, etc.; the <xex>Ethiopian</xex>, or negro race, occupying most of Africa (except the north), Australia, Papua, and other Pacific Islands; the <xex>American</xex>, or red race, comprising the Indians of North and South America; and the <xex>Malayan</xex>, or brown race, which occupies the islands of the Indian Archipelago, etc. Many recent writers classify the Malay and American races as branches of the Mongolian. See <xex>Illustration</xex> in Appendix.</note><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Company; herd; breed.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>For do but note a wild and wanton herd,<br/>
Or <qex>race</qex> of youthful and unhandled colts,<br/>
Fetching mad bounds.</q> <rj><qau>Shak.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A variety of such fixed character that it may be propagated by seed.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>4.</sn> <def>Peculiar flavor, taste, or strength, as of wine; that quality, or assemblage of qualities, which indicates origin or kind, as in wine; hence, characteristic flavor; smack.</def> &ldquo;A <xex>race</xex> of heaven.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Shak.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Is it [the wine] of the right <qex>race</qex> ?</q> <rj><qau>Massinger.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>5.</sn> <def>Hence, characteristic quality or disposition.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>And now I give my sensual <qex>race</qex> the rein.</q> <rj><qau>Shak.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Some . . . great <qex>race</qex> of fancy or judgment.</q> <rj><qau>Sir W. Temple.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><syn><b>Syn.</b> -- Lineage; line; family; house; breed; offspring; progeny; issue.</syn><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Race</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>ras</ets>, <ets>res</ets>, <ets>rees</ets>, AS. <ets>r&aemacr_;s</ets> a rush, running; akin to Icel. <ets>r&amacr;s</ets> course, race. &radic;118.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A progress; a course; a movement or progression.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Esp., swift progress; rapid course; a running.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>The flight of many birds is swifter than the <qex>race</qex> of any beasts.</q> <rj><qau>Bacon.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>Hence: The act or process of running in competition; a contest of speed in any way, as in running, riding, driving, skating, rowing, sailing; in the plural, usually, a meeting for contests in the running of horses; <as>as, he attended the <ex>races</ex></as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>The <qex>race</qex> is not to the swift.</q> <rj><qau>Eccl. ix. 11.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>I wield the gauntlet, and I run the <qex>race</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Pope.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>4.</sn> <def>Competitive action of any kind, especially when prolonged; hence, career; course of life.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>My <qex>race</qex> of glory run, and <qex>race</qex> of shame.</q> <rj><qau>Milton.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>5.</sn> <def>A strong or rapid current of water, or the channel or passage for such a current; a powerful current or heavy sea, sometimes produced by the meeting of two tides; <as>as, the Portland <ex>Race</ex>; the <ex>Race</ex> of Alderney.</as></def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>6.</sn> <def>The current of water that turns a water wheel, or the channel in which it flows; a mill race.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><note>&hand_; The part of the channel above the wheel is sometimes called the <xex>headrace</xex>, the part below, the <xex>tailrace</xex>.</note><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A channel or guide along which a shuttle is driven back and forth, as in a loom, sewing machine, etc.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Race cloth</b></col>, <cd>a cloth worn by horses in racing, having pockets to hold the weights prescribed.</cd> -- <col><b>Race course</b></col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The path, generally circular or elliptical, over which a race is run</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Same as <cref>Race way</cref>, below.</cd> -- <col><b>Race cup</b></col>, <cd>a cup given as a prize to the victor in a race.</cd> -- <col><b>Race glass</b></col>, <cd>a kind of field glass.</cd> -- <col><b>Race horse</b></col>.  <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A horse that runs in competition; specifically, a horse bred or kept for running races</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A breed of horses remarkable for swiftness in running</cd>. <sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <cd>The steamer duck</cd>. <sd>(d)</sd> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <cd>A mantis.</cd> -- <col><b>Race knife</b></col>, <cd>a cutting tool with a blade that is hooked at the point, for marking outlines, on boards or metals, as by a pattern, -- used in shipbuilding.</cd> -- <col><b>Race saddle</b></col>, <cd>a light saddle used in racing.</cd> -- <col><b>Race track</b></col>. <cd>Same as <cref>Race course</cref> <sd>(a)</sd>, above.</cd> -- <col><b>Race way</b></col>, <cd>the canal for the current that drives a water wheel.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Race</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Raced</conjf> <pr>(r&amacr;st)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Racing</conjf> <pr>(r&amacr;"s&ibreve_;ng)</pr>.]</vmorph> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To run swiftly; to contend in a race; <as>as, the animals <ex>raced</ex> over the ground; the ships <ex>raced</ex> from port to port.</as></def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Steam Mach.)</fld> <def>To run too fast at times, as a marine engine or screw, when the screw is lifted out of water by the action of a heavy sea.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Race</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To cause to contend in a race; to drive at high speed; <as>as, to <ex>race</ex> horses</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To run a race with.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Race"a*bout`</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;s"&adot_;*bout`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A small sloop-rigged racing yacht carrying about six hundred square feet of sail, distinguished from a knockabout by having a short bowsprit.</def><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra*ce"mate</hw> <pr>(r&adot_;*s&emacr;"m&auptack_;t)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of racemic acid.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rac`e*ma"tion</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;s`&euptack_;*m&amacr;"sh&ubreve;n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>racematio</ets> a gleaning, fr. <ets>racemari</ets> to glean, <ets>racemus</ets> a cluster of grapes. See <er>Raceme</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A cluster or bunch, as of grapes.</def>  <rj><au>Sir T. Browne.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Cultivation or gathering of clusters of grapes.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> <rj><au>Bp. Burnet.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra*ceme"</hw> <pr>(r&adot_;*s&emacr;m"; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>racemus</ets> a bunch of berries, a cluster of grapes. See <er>Raisin</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A flower cluster with an elongated axis and many one-flowered lateral pedicels, as in the currant and chokecherry.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Compound raceme</b></col>, <cd>one having the lower pedicels developed into secondary racemes.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra*cemed"</hw> <pr>(r&adot_;*s&emacr;md")</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Arranged in a raceme, or in racemes.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra*ce"mic</hw> <pr>(r&adot_;*s&emacr;"m&ibreve_;k)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>rac&eacute;mique</ets>. See <er>Raceme</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, an acid found in many kinds of grapes. It is also obtained from tartaric acid, with which it is isomeric, and from sugar, gum, etc., by oxidation. It is a sour white crystalline substance, consisting of a combination of dextrorotatory and levorotatory tartaric acids.</def>  <rj><au>Gregory.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rac`e*mif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;s`&euptack_;*m&ibreve_;f"&etilde_;r*&ubreve;s)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>racemifer</ets> bearing clusters; <ets>racemus</ets> cluster + <ets>ferre</ets> to bear: cf. F. <ets>rac&eacute;mif&egrave;re</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Bearing racemes, as the currant.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra*cem"i*form</hw> <pr>(r&adot_;*s&ebreve_;m"&ibreve_;*f&ocirc;rm)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having the form of a raceme.</def>  <rj><au>Gray.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rac"e*mose`</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;s"&euptack_;*m&omacr;s`)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>racemosus</ets> full of clusters.]</ety> <def>Resembling a raceme; growing in the form of a raceme; <as>as, <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <ex>racemose</ex> berries or flowers; <fld>(Anat.)</fld> the <ex>racemose</ex> glands, in which the ducts are branched and clustered like a raceme</as>.</def>  <rj><au>Gray.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rac"e*mous</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;s"&euptack_;*m&ubreve;s <i>or</i> r&adot_;*s&emacr;"m&ubreve;s; 277)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>rac&eacute;meux</ets>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Racemose</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rac"e*mule</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;s"&euptack_;*m&umacr;l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A little raceme.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra*cem"u*lose`</hw> <pr>(r&adot_;*s&ebreve_;m"&uuptack_;*l&omacr;s`)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Growing in very small racemes.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra"cer</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"s&etilde_;r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who, or that which, races, or contends in a race; esp., a race horse.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>And bade the nimblest <qex>racer</qex> seize the prize.</q> <rj><qau>Pope.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>The common American black snake.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>One of the circular iron or steel rails on which the chassis of a heavy gun is turned.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Race suicide</hw>. <def>The voluntary failure of the members of a race or people to have a number of children sufficient to keep the birth rate equal to the death rate.</def><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><mhw>{ <hw>Rach</hw>, <hw>Rache</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;ch)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>r&aelig;cc</ets>; akin to Icel. <ets>rakki</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>A dog that pursued his prey by scent, as distinguished from the greyhound.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>&Verbar;Ra`chi*al"gi*a</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;`k&ibreve_;*&abreve;l"j&ibreve_;*&adot_;)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <grk>"ra`chis</grk> backbone + <grk>'a`lgos</grk> pain.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A painful affection of the spine; especially, <stype>Pott's disease</stype>; also, formerly, lead colic.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra*chid"i*an</hw> <pr>(r&adot_;*k&ibreve_;d"&ibreve_;*&aitalic_;n)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Rachis</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat. &amp; Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the rachis; spinal; vertebral. Same as <er>Rhachidian</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>&Verbar;Ra*chil"la</hw> <pr>(r&adot_;*k&ibreve_;l"l&adot_;)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Rhachilla</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra"chi*o*dont</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"k&ibreve_;*&ouptack_;*d&obreve_;nt)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Rhachiodont</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>&Verbar;Ra"chis</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"k&ibreve_;s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu><it>pl.</it> E. <plw>Rachises</plw> <pr>(r&amacr;"k&ibreve_;s*&ebreve_;z)</pr>, L. <plw>Rachides</plw> <pr>(r&abreve;k"&ibreve_;*d&emacr;z)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <grk>"ra`chis</grk>, <grk>-ios</grk>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>rhachis</asp>.]</altsp> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The spine; the vertebral column.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot. &amp; Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Rhachis</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra*chit"ic</hw> <pr>(r&adot_;*k&ibreve_;t"&ibreve_;k)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>rachitique</ets>. See <er>Rachitis</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to rachitis; affected by rachitis; rickety.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>&Verbar;Ra*chi"tis</hw> <pr>(r&adot_;*k&imacr;"t&ibreve_;s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <grk>"rachi^tis</grk> (sc. <grk>nosos</grk>), fr. <grk>"ra`chis</grk>, <grk>-ios</grk>, the spine.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>rhachitis</asp>.]</altsp> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Literally, inflammation of the spine, but commonly applied to the rickets. See <er>Rickets</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A disease which produces abortion in the fruit or seeds.</def>  <rj><au>Henslow.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra"chi*tome</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"k&ibreve_;*t&omacr;m)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr. Gr. <grk>"ra`chis</grk>, <grk>-ios</grk>, the spine + <grk>te`mnein</grk> to cut.]</ety> <def>A dissecting instrument for opening the spinal canal.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>rachiotome</asp>.]</altsp><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra"cial</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"sh&aitalic_;l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining to a race or family of men; <as>as, the <ex>racial</ex> complexion</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra"ci*ly</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"s&ibreve_;*l&ybreve_;)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a racy manner.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra"ci*ness</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"s&ibreve_;*n&ebreve_;s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of being racy; peculiar and piquant flavor.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>The general characteristics of his [Cobbett's] style were perspicuity, unequaled and inimitable; . . . a purity always simple, and <qex>raciness</qex> often elegant.</q> <rj><qau>London Times.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra"cing</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"s&ibreve_;ng)</pr>, <def><pos>a. &amp; n.</pos> from <er>Race</er>, <pos>v. t. &amp; i.</pos></def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Racing crab</b></col> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld>, <cd>an ocypodian.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rack</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;k)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as <er>Arrack</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rack</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>hracca</ets> neck, hinder part of the head; cf. AS. <ets>hraca</ets> throat, G. <ets>rachen</ets> throat, E. <ets>retch</ets>.]</ety> <def>The neck and spine of a fore quarter of veal or mutton.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rack</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Wreck</er>.]</ety> <def>A wreck; destruction.</def> <mark>[Obs., except in a few phrases.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Rack and ruin</b></col>, <cd>destruction; utter ruin.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col><b>To go to rack</b></col>, <cd>to perish; to be destroyed.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> &ldquo;All <xex>goes to rack</xex>.&rdquo; <au>Pepys.</au></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rack</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Prob. fr. Icel. <ets>rek</ets> drift, motion, and akin to <ets>reka</ets> to drive, and E. <ets>wrack</ets>, <ets>wreck</ets>. &radic;282.]</ety> <def>Thin, flying, broken clouds, or any portion of floating vapor in the sky.</def>  <rj><au>Shak.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>The winds in the upper region, which move the clouds above, which we call the <qex>rack</qex>, . . . pass without noise.</q> <rj><qau>Bacon.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>And the night <qex>rack</qex> came rolling up.</q> <rj><qau>C. Kingsley.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rack</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To fly, as vapor or broken clouds.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rack</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Racked</conjf> <pr>(r&abreve;kt)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Racking</conjf>.]</vmorph> <ety>[See <er>Rack</er> that which stretches, or <er>Rock</er>, <pos>v.</pos>]</ety> <def>To amble fast, causing a rocking or swaying motion of the body; to pace; -- said of a horse.</def>  <rj><au>Fuller.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rack</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A fast amble.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rack</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>vin raqu&eacute;</ets> wine squeezed from the dregs of the grapes.]</ety> <def>To draw off from the lees or sediment, as wine.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>It is in common practice to draw wine or beer from the lees (which we call <qex>racking</qex>), whereby it will clarify much the sooner.</q> <rj><qau>Bacon.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Rack vintage</b></col>, <cd>wine cleansed and drawn from the lees.</cd> <au>Cowell.</au></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rack</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Probably fr. D. <ets>rek</ets>, <ets>rek</ets>bank, a rack, <ets>rekken</ets> to stretch; akin to G. <ets>reck</ets>, <ets>reck</ets>bank, a rack, <ets>recken</ets> to stretch, Dan. <ets>r&aelig;kke</ets>, Sw. <ets>r&auml;cka</ets>, Icel. <ets>rekja</ets> to spread out, Goth. <ets>refrakjan</ets> to stretch out; cf. L. <ets>porrigere</ets>, Gr. <grk>'ore`gein</grk>. &radic;115.   Cf. <er>Right</er>, <pos>a.</pos>, <er>Ratch</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An instrument or frame used for stretching, extending, retaining, or displaying, something.</def> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An engine of torture, consisting of a large frame, upon which the body was gradually stretched until, sometimes, the joints were dislocated; -- formerly used judicially for extorting confessions from criminals or suspected persons.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>During the troubles of the fifteenth century, a <qex>rack</qex> was introduced into the Tower, and was occasionally used under the plea of political necessity.</q> <rj><qau>Macaulay.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sd>(b)</sd> <def>An instrument for bending a bow.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A grate on which bacon is laid.</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <def>A frame or device of various construction for holding, and preventing the waste of, hay, grain, etc., supplied to beasts.</def> <sd>(e)</sd> <def>A frame on which articles are deposited for keeping or arranged for display; as, a clothes <xex>rack</xex>; a bottle <xex>rack</xex>, etc.</def> <sd>(f)</sd> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A piece or frame of wood, having several sheaves, through which the running rigging passes; -- called also <altname>rack block</altname>. Also, a frame to hold shot.</def> <sd>(g)</sd> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A frame or table on which ores are separated or washed.</def> <sd>(h)</sd> <def>A frame fitted to a wagon for carrying hay, straw, or grain on the stalk, or other bulky loads.</def> <sd>(i)</sd> <def>A distaff.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>A bar with teeth on its face, or edge, to work with those of a wheel, pinion, or worm, which is to drive it or be driven by it.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>That which is extorted; exaction.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Sir E. Sandys.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Mangle rack</b></col>. <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Mangle</er>. <pos>n.</pos></cd> -- <col><b>Rack block</b></col>. <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>See def. 1 <sd>(f)</sd>, above.</cd> -- <col><b>Rack lashing</b></col>, <cd>a lashing or binding where the rope is tightened, and held tight by the use of a small stick of wood twisted around.</cd> -- <col><b>Rack rail</b></col> <fld>(Railroads)</fld>, <cd>a toothed rack, laid as a rail, to afford a hold for teeth on the driving wheel of a locomotive for climbing steep gradients, as in ascending a mountain.</cd> -- <col><b>Rack saw</b></col>, <cd>a saw having wide teeth.</cd> -- <col><b>Rack stick</b></col>, <cd>the stick used in a rack lashing.</cd> -- <col><b>To be on the rack</b></col>, <cd>to suffer torture, physical or mental.</cd> -- <col><b>To live at rack and manger</b></col>, <cd>to live on the best at another's expense.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col><b>To put to the rack</b></col>, <cd>to subject to torture; to torment.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>A fit of the stone <qex>puts</qex> a king <qex>to the rack</qex>, and makes him as miserable as it does the meanest subject.</q> <rj><qau>Sir W. Temple.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rack</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;k)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To extend by the application of force; to stretch or strain; specifically, to stretch on the rack or wheel; to torture by an engine which strains the limbs and pulls the joints.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>He was <qex>racked</qex> and miserably tormented.</q> <rj><qau>Foxe.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To torment; to torture; to affect with extreme pain or anguish.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Vaunting aloud but <qex>racked</qex> with deep despair.</q> <rj><qau>Milton.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>To stretch or strain, in a figurative sense; hence, to harass, or oppress by extortion.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>The landlords there shamefully <qex>rack</qex> their tenants.</q> <rj><qau>Spenser.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>They [landlords] <qex>rack</qex> their rents an ace too high.</q> <rj><qau>Gascoigne.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Grant that I may never <qex>rack</qex> a Scripture simile beyond the true intent thereof.</q> <rj><qau>Fuller.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Try what my credit can in Venice do;<br/>
That shall be <qex>racked</qex> even to the uttermost.</q> <rj><qau>Shak.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>To wash on a rack, as metals or ore.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To bind together, as two ropes, with cross turns of yarn, marline, etc.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><mcol><col><b>To rack one's brains</b></col> <it>or</it> <col><b>To rack one's brains out</b></col> <it>or</it> <col><b>To rack one's wits</b></col></mcol>, <cd>to exert one's thinking processes to the utmost for the purpose of accomplishing something; <as>as, I <ex>racked my brains out</ex> trying to find a way to solve the problem</as>.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source> <source>+PJC</source>]</p>

<p><syn><b>Syn.</b> -- To torture; torment; rend; tear.</syn><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rack"a*bones`</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;k"&adot_;*b&omacr;nz`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A very lean animal, esp. a horse.</def> <mark>[Colloq. U. S.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rack"a*rock`</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;k"&adot_;*r&obreve_;k`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>  <ety>[<ets>Rack</ets> to stretch, strain + <ets>a</ets> + <ets>rock</ets>.]</ety> <def>A Sprengel explosive consisting of potassium chlorate and mono-nitrobenzene.</def><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rack"er</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;k"&etilde_;r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who racks.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>A horse that has a racking gait.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rack"et</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;k"&ebreve_;t)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>raquette</ets>; cf. Sp. <ets>raqueta</ets>, It. <ets>racchetta</ets>, which is perhaps for <ets>retichetta</ets>, and fr. L. <ets>rete</ets> a net (cf. <er>Reticule</er>); or perh. from the Arabic; cf. Ar. <ets>r&amacr;ha</ets> the palm of the hand (used at first to strike the ball), and OF. <ets>rachette</ets>, <ets>rasquette</ets>, carpus, tarsus.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>racquet</asp>.]</altsp> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A thin strip of wood, having the ends brought together, forming a somewhat elliptical hoop, across which a network of catgut or cord is stretched. It is furnished with a handle, and is used for catching or striking a ball in tennis and similar games.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Each one [of the Indians] has a bat curved like a crosier, and ending in a <qex>racket</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Bancroft.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>A variety of the game of tennis played with peculiar long-handled rackets; -- chiefly in the plural.</def>  <rj><au>Chaucer.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>A snowshoe formed of cords stretched across a long and narrow frame of light wood.</def> <mark>[Canada]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>4.</sn> <def>A broad wooden shoe or patten for a man or horse, to enable him to step on marshy or soft ground.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Racket court</b></col>, <cd>a court for playing the game of rackets.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rack"et</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To strike with, or as with, a racket.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Poor man [is] <qex>racketed</qex> from one temptation to another.</q> <rj><qau>Hewyt.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rack"et</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gael. <ets>racaid</ets> a noise, disturbance.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>confused, clattering noise; din; noisy talk or sport.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>A carouse; any reckless dissipation.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rack"et</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A scheme, dodge, trick, or the like; something taking place considered as exciting, trying, unusual, or the like; also, such occurrence considered as an ordeal; <as>as, to work a <ex>racket</ex>; to stand upon the <ex>racket</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>an organized illegal activity, such as illegal gambling, bootlegging, or extortion.</def><br/>
[<source>PJC</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rack"et</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Racketed</conjf>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Racketing</conjf>.]</vmorph> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make a confused noise or racket.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To engage in noisy sport; to frolic.</def>  <rj><au>Sterne.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>To carouse or engage in dissipation.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rack"et*er</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;k"&ebreve_;t*&etilde_;r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who makes, or engages in, a racket.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rack"ett</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;k"&ebreve_;t)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>An old wind instrument of the double bassoon kind, having ventages but not keys.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rack"et-tail</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;k"&ebreve_;t-t&amacr;l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>Any one of several species of humming birds of the genus <gen>Steganura</gen>, having two of the tail feathers very long and racket-shaped.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rack"et-tailed`</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;k"&ebreve_;t-t&amacr;ld`)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>Having long and spatulate, or racket-shaped, tail feathers.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rack"et*y</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;k"&ebreve_;t*&ybreve_;)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Making a tumultuous noise.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rack"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Spun yarn used in racking ropes.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rack"-rent`</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;k"r&ebreve_;nt`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A rent of the full annual value of the tenement, or near it; an excessive or unreasonably high rent.</def>  <rj><au>Blackstone.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rack"-rent`</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To subject to rack-rent, as a farm or tenant.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rack"-rent`er</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;k"r&ebreve_;nt`&etilde_;r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who is subjected to paying rack-rent.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>One who exacts rack-rent.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><!-- p. 1183 pr=vmg --></p>

<p><hw>Rack"tail`</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;k"t&amacr;l`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Horol.)</fld> <def>An arm attached to a swinging notched arc or rack, to let off the striking mechanism of a repeating clock.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rack"work`</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;k"w&ucirc;rk`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Any mechanism having a rack, as a rack and pinion.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra"cle</hw> <pr>(r&auml;"k'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>See <er>Rakel</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Chaucer.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra"cle*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See <er>Rakelness</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Chaucer.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>&Verbar;Ra`con`teur"</hw> <pr>(r&adot_;`k&ocirc;N`t&etilde_;r")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A relater; a storyteller.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>&Verbar;Ra*coon"da</hw> <pr>(r&adot_;*k&oomacr_;n"d&adot_;)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From a native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>The coypu.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra*co"vi*an</hw> <pr>(r&adot_;*k&omacr;"v&ibreve_;*&aitalic_;n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From <ets>Racow</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>One of a sect of Socinians or Unitarians in Poland.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rac"quet</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;k"k&ebreve_;t)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See <er>Racket</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra"cy</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"s&ybreve_;)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <amorph>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <adjf>Racier</adjf> <pr>(r&amacr;"s&ibreve_;*&etilde_;r)</pr>; <pos>superl.</pos> <adjf>Raciest</adjf>.]</amorph> <ety>[From <er>Race</er> a tribe, family.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Having a strong flavor indicating origin; of distinct characteristic taste; tasting of the soil; hence, fresh; rich.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>The <qex>racy</qex> wine,<br/>
Late from the mellowing cask restored to light.</q> <rj><qau>Pope.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence: Exciting to the mental taste by a strong or distinctive character of thought or language; peculiar and piquant; fresh and lively.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Our <qex>raciest</qex>, most idiomatic popular words.</q> <rj><qau>M. Arnold.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Burns's English, though not so <qex>racy</qex> as his Scotch, is generally correct.</q> <rj><qau>H. Coleridge.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>The rich and <qex>racy</qex> humor of a natural converser fresh from the plow.</q> <rj><qau>Prof. Wilson.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>somewhat suggestive of sexual themes; slightly improper; risqu&eacute;.</def><br/>
[<source>PJC</source>]</p>

<p><syn><b>Syn.</b> -- Spicy; spirited; lively; smart; piquant; risqu&uuml;.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Racy</er>, <er>Spicy</er>. <xex>Racy</xex> refers primarily to that peculiar flavor which certain wines are supposed to derive from the soil in which the grapes were grown; and hence we call a style or production <xex>racy</xex> when it &ldquo;smacks of the soil,&rdquo; or has an uncommon degree of natural freshness and distinctiveness of thought and language. <xex>Spicy</xex>, when applied to style, has reference to a spirit and pungency added by art, seasoning the matter like a condiment. It does not, like <xex>racy</xex>, suggest native peculiarity. A <xex>spicy</xex> article in a magazine; a <xex>spicy</xex> retort. <xex>Racy</xex> in conversation; a <xex>racy</xex> remark.</usage><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Rich, <qex>racy</qex> verses, in which we<br/>
The soil from which they come, taste, smell, and see.</q> <rj><qau>Cowley.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rad</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;d)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[<ets>r</ets>adiation <ets>a</ets>bsorbed <ets>d</ets>ose.]</ety> <def>a unit of measurement of the amount of ionizing radiation absorbed by an object, equal to an energy of 100 ergs per gram of irradiated material (equal to 0.01 gray).</def><br/>
[<source>PJC</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rad</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;d)</pr>, <mark>obs.</mark> <def><pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> of <er>Read</er>, <er>Rede</er>.</def>  <rj><au>Spenser.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rad"de</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;d"d&eitalic_;)</pr>, <mark>obs.</mark> <def><pos>imp.</pos> of <er>Read</er>, <er>Rede</er>.</def>  <rj><au>Chaucer.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rad"dle</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;d"d'l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. G. <ets>r&auml;der</ets>, <ets>r&auml;del</ets>, sieve, or perhaps E. <ets>reed</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A long, flexible stick, rod, or branch, which is interwoven with others, between upright posts or stakes, in making a kind of hedge or fence.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>A hedge or fence made with raddles; -- called also <altname>raddle hedge</altname>.</def>  <rj><au>Todd.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>An instrument consisting of a wooden bar, with a row of upright pegs set in it, used by domestic weavers to keep the warp of a proper width, and prevent tangling when it is wound upon the beam of the loom.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rad"dle</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;d"d'l)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To interweave or twist together.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q><qex>Raddling</qex> or working it up like basket work.</q> <rj><qau>De Foe.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rad"dle</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;d"d'l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. <er>Ruddle</er>.]</ety> <def>A red pigment used in marking sheep, and in some mechanical processes; ruddle.</def> &ldquo;A <xex>raddle</xex> of rouge.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Thackeray.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rad"dle</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To mark or paint with, or as with, raddle.</def>  &ldquo;Whitened and <qex>raddled</qex> old women.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Thackeray.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rad"dock</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;d"d&ubreve;k)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>The ruddock.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rade</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;d)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A raid.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>&Verbar;Ra`deau"</hw> <pr>(r&adot_;`d&omacr;")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A float; a raft.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Three vessels under sail, and one at anchor, above Split Rock, and behind it the <qex>radeau</qex> Thunderer.</q> <rj><qau>W. Irving.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra"di*al</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"d&ibreve_;*&aitalic_;l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>radial</ets>. See <er>Radius</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a radius or ray; consisting of, or like, radii or rays; radiated; <as>as, <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <ex>radial</ex> projections; <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <ex>radial</ex> vessels or canals; <fld>(Anat.)</fld> the <ex>radial</ex> artery</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Radial symmetry</b></col>. <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Symmetry</er>.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>&Verbar;Ra`di*a"le</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;`d&ibreve_;*&amacr;"l&euptack_;)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu><it>pl.</it> <plw>Radialia</plw> <pr>(r&amacr;`d&ibreve_;*&amacr;"l&ibreve_;*&adot_;)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[NL. See <er>Radial</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The bone or cartilage of the carpus which articulates with the radius and corresponds to the scaphoid bone in man.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>Radial plates in the calyx of a crinoid.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Radial engine</hw>. <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>An engine, usually an internal-combustion engine of a certain type (the <col><b>radial type</b></col>) having several cylinders arranged radially like the spokes of a complete wheel. The <col><b>semiradial engine</b></col> has radiating cylinders on only one side of the crank shaft.</def><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra"di*al*ly</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"d&ibreve_;*&aitalic_;l*l&ybreve_;)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a radial manner.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Radial tire</hw>. <fld>(Automobiles)</fld> <def>a motor vehicle tire in which the cords run at right angles to the plane of the tire (considered as a disk).</def><br/>
[<source>PJC</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra"di*an</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"d&ibreve_;*&aitalic_;n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From <er>Radius</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>An arc of a circle which is equal to the radius, or the angle measured by such an arc.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><mhw>{ <hw>Ra"di*ance</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"d&ibreve_;*&aitalic_;ns)</pr>, <hw>Ra"di*an*cy</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"d&ibreve_;*&aitalic_;n*s&ybreve_;)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of being radiant; brilliancy; effulgence; vivid brightness; <as>as, the <ex>radiance</ex> of the sun</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Girt with omnipotence, with <qex>radiance</qex> crowned.</q> <rj><qau>Milton.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>What <qex>radiancy</qex> of glory,<br/>
What light beyond compare !</q> <rj><qau>Neale.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><syn><b>Syn.</b> -- Luster; brilliancy; splendor; glare; glitter.</syn><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra"di*ant</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"d&ibreve_;*&aitalic_;nt)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>radians</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>radiare</ets> to emit rays or beams, fr. <ets>radius</ets> ray: cf. F. <ets>radiant</ets>. See <er>Radius</er>, <er>Ray</er> a divergent line.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Emitting or proceeding as from a center; resembling rays; radiating; radiate.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Especially, emitting or darting rays of light or heat; issuing in beams or rays; beaming with brightness; emitting a vivid light or splendor; <as>as, the <ex>radiant</ex> sun</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Mark what <qex>radiant</qex> state she spreads.</q> <rj><qau>Milton.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>Beaming with vivacity and happiness; <as>as, a <ex>radiant</ex> face</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Giving off rays; -- said of a bearing; <as>as, the sun <ex>radiant</ex>; a crown <ex>radiant</ex>.</as></def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having a raylike appearance, as the large marginal flowers of certain umbelliferous plants; -- said also of the cluster which has such marginal flowers.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>Emitted or transmitted by radiation; <as>as, a <ex>radiant</ex> energy; <ex>radiant</ex> heat</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Radiant energy</b></col> <fld>(Physics)</fld>, <cd>energy given out or transmitted by radiation, as in the case of light and radiant heat.</cd> -- <col><b>Radiant heat</b></col>, <cd>heat proceeding in right lines, or directly from the heated body, after the manner of light, in distinction from heat <xex>conducted</xex> or carried by intervening media.</cd> -- <col><b>Radiant point</b></col>. <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Radiant</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 3.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra"di*ant</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Opt.)</fld> <def>The luminous point or object from which light emanates; also, a body radiating light brightly.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A straight line proceeding from a given point, or fixed pole, about which it is conceived to revolve.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>The point in the heavens at which the apparent paths of shooting stars meet, when traced backward, or whence they appear to radiate.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Radiant engine</hw>. <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A semiradial engine. See <er>Radial engine</er>, above.</def><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra"di*ant*ly</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"d&ibreve_;*&aitalic_;nt*l&ybreve_;)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a radiant manner; with glittering splendor.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra"di*a*ry</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"d&ibreve_;*&auptack_;*r&ybreve_;)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>radiaire</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>A radiate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>&Verbar;Ra`di*a"ta</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"d&ibreve_;*&amacr;"t&adot_;)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr. <ets>radiatus</ets>, p. p. See <er>Radiate</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>An extensive artificial group of invertebrates, having all the parts arranged radially around the vertical axis of the body, and the various organs repeated symmetrically in each ray or spheromere.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><note>&hand_; It includes the c&oelig;lenterates and the echinoderms. Formerly, the group was supposed to be a natural one, and was considered one of the grand divisions of the animal kingdom.</note><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra"di*ate</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"d&ibreve_;*&amacr;t)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Radiated</conjf> <pr>(r&amacr;"d&ibreve_;*&amacr;`t&ebreve_;d)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Radiating</conjf>.]</vmorph> <ety>[L. <ets>radiatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>radiare</ets> to furnish with spokes or rays, to radiate, fr. <ets>radius</ets> ray. See <er>Radius</er>, <er>Ray</er> a divergent line.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To emit rays; to be radiant; to shine.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Virtues shine more clear<br/>
In them [kings], and <qex>radiate</qex> like the sun at noon.</q> <rj><qau>Howell.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To proceed in direct lines from a point or surface; to issue in rays, as light or heat.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Light <qex>radiates</qex> from luminous bodies directly to our eyes.</q> <rj><qau>Locke.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra"di*ate</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To emit or send out in direct lines from a point or points; <as>as, to <ex>radiate</ex> heat</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To enlighten; to illuminate; to shed light or brightness on; to irradiate.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra"di*ate</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"d&ibreve_;*&auptack_;t)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>radiatus</ets>, p. p.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Having rays or parts diverging from a center; radiated; <as>as, a <ex>radiate</ex> crystal</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having in a capitulum large ray florets which are unlike the disk florets, as in the aster, daisy, etc.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>Belonging to the Radiata.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra"di*ate</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>One of the Radiata.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra"di*a`ted</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"d&ibreve_;*&amacr;`t&ebreve_;d)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Emitted, or sent forth, in rays or direct lines; <as>as, <ex>radiated</ex> heat</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Formed of, or arranged like, rays or radii; having parts or markings diverging, like radii, from a common center or axis; <as>as, a <ex>radiated</ex> structure; a <ex>radiated</ex> group of crystals.</as></def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>Belonging to the Radiata.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra"di*ate*ly</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"d&ibreve_;*&auptack_;t*l&ybreve_;)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a radiate manner; with radiation or divergence from a center.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra"di*ate-veined`</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"d&ibreve_;*&auptack_;t-v&amacr;nd`)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the principal veins radiating, or diverging, from the apex of the petiole; -- said of such leaves as those of the grapevine, most maples, and the castor-oil plant.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra`di*at"i*form</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;`d&ibreve_;*&abreve;t"&ibreve_;*f&ocirc;rm)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the marginal florets enlarged and radiating but not ligulate, as in the capitula or heads of the cornflower.</def>  <rj><au>Gray.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra`di*a"tion</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;`d&ibreve_;*&amacr;"sh&ubreve;n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>radiatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>radiation</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of radiating, or the state of being radiated; emission and diffusion of rays of light; beamy brightness.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>The shooting forth of anything from a point or surface, like the diverging rays of light; <as>as, the <ex>radiation</ex> of heat</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra"di*a*tive</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"d&ibreve_;*&auptack_;*t&ibreve_;v)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable of radiating; acting by radiation.</def>  <rj><au>Tyndall.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra"di*a`tor</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"d&ibreve_;*&amacr;`t&etilde_;r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>That which radiates or emits rays, whether of light or heat; especially, that part of a heating apparatus from which the heat is radiated or diffused; <as>as, a steam <ex>radiator</ex></as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Any of various devices for cooling an internal substance by radiation, as a system of rings on a gun barrel for cooling it, or a nest of tubes with large radiating surface for cooling circulating water, as in an automobile.</def><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn>  <fld>(Wireless Teleg.)</fld> <def>An oscillator.</def><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rad"i*cal</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;d"&ibreve_;*k&aitalic_;l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>radicalis</ets> having roots, fr. <ets>radix</ets>, <ets>-icis</ets>, a root. See <er>Radix</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to the root; proceeding directly from the root.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence: Of or pertaining to the root or origin; reaching to the center, to the foundation, to the ultimate sources, to the principles, or the like; original; fundamental; thorough-going; unsparing; extreme; <as>as, <ex>radical</ex> evils; <ex>radical</ex> reform; a <ex>radical</ex> party.</as></def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>The most determined exertions of that authority, against them, only showed their <qex>radical</qex> independence.</q> <rj><qau>Burke.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Belonging to, or proceeding from, the root of a plant; <as>as, <ex>radical</ex> tubers or hairs</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Proceeding from a rootlike stem, or one which does not rise above the ground; <as>as, the <ex>radical</ex> leaves of the dandelion and the sidesaddle flower</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Philol.)</fld> <def>Relating, or belonging, to the root, or ultimate source of derivation; <as>as, a <ex>radical</ex> verbal form</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to a radix or root; <as>as, a <ex>radical</ex> quantity; a <ex>radical</ex> sign. See below.</as></def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Radical axis of two circles</b></col>. <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Axis</er>.</cd> -- <col><b>Radical pitch</b></col>, <cd>the pitch or tone with which the utterance of a syllable begins.</cd> <au>Rush.</au> -- <col><b>Radical quantity</b></col> <fld>(Alg.)</fld>, <cd>a quantity to which the radical sign is prefixed; specifically, a quantity which is not a perfect power of the degree indicated by the radical sign; a surd.</cd> -- <col><b>Radical sign</b></col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>the sign &radic; (originally the letter <xex>r</xex>, the initial of <xex>radix</xex>, root), placed before any quantity, denoting that its root is to be extracted; thus, &radic;<it>a</it>, or &radic;(<it>a</it> + <it>b</it>). To indicate any other than the square root, a corresponding figure is placed over the sign; thus, &cuberoot_;<it>a</it>, indicates the third or cube root of <it>a</it>.</cd> -- <col><b>Radical stress</b></col> <fld>(Elocution)</fld>, <cd>force of utterance falling on the initial part of a syllable or sound.</cd> -- <col><b>Radical vessels</b></col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>minute vessels which originate in the substance of the tissues.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><syn><b>Syn.</b> -- Primitive; original; natural; underived; fundamental; entire.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Radical</er>, <er>Entire</er>. These words are frequently employed as interchangeable in describing some marked alteration in the condition of things. There is, however, an obvious difference between them. A <xex>radical</xex> cure, reform, etc., is one which goes to the root of the thing in question; and it is <xex>entire</xex>, in the sense that, by affecting the root, it affects in an appropriate degree the <xex>entire</xex> body nourished by the root; but it may not be <xex>entire</xex> in the sense of making a change complete in its nature, as well as in its extent. Hence, we speak of a <xex>radical</xex> change; a <xex>radical</xex> improvement; <xex>radical</xex> differences of opinion; while an <xex>entire</xex> change, an <xex>entire</xex> improvement, an <xex>entire</xex> difference of opinion, might indicate more than was actually intended. A certain change may be both <xex>radical</xex> and <xex>entire</xex>, in every sense.</usage><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rad"i*cal</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;d"&ibreve_;*k&aitalic_;l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Philol.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A primitive word; a radix, root, or simple, underived, uncompounded word; an etymon.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A primitive letter; a letter that belongs to the radix.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>The words we at present make use of, and understand only by common agreement, assume a new air and life in the understanding, when you trace them to their <qex>radicals</qex>, where you find every word strongly stamped with nature; full of energy, meaning, character, painting, and poetry.</q> <rj><qau>Cleland.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Politics)</fld> <def>One who advocates radical changes in government or social institutions, especially such changes as are intended to level class inequalities; -- opposed to <xex>conservative</xex>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>In politics they [the Independents] were, to use the phrase of their own time, &ldquo;Root-and-Branch men,&rdquo; or, to use the kindred phrase of our own, <qex>Radicals</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Macaulay.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A characteristic, essential, and fundamental constituent of any compound; hence, sometimes, an atom.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>As a general rule, the metallic atoms are basic <qex>radicals</qex>, while the nonmetallic atoms are acid <qex>radicals</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>J. P. Cooke.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sd>(b)</sd> <def>Specifically, a group of two or more atoms, not completely saturated, which are so linked that their union implies certain properties, and are conveniently regarded as playing the part of a single atom; a residue; -- called also a <altname>compound radical</altname>.  Cf. <er>Residue</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Alg.)</fld> <def>A radical quantity. See under <er>Radical</er>, <pos>a.</pos></def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>An indicated root of a perfect power of the degree indicated is not a <qex>radical</qex> but a rational quantity under a radical form.</q> <rj><qau>Davies &amp; Peck (Math. Dict.)</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A radical vessel. See under <er>Radical</er>, <pos>a.</pos></def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rad"i*cal*ism</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;d"&ibreve_;*k&aitalic_;l*&ibreve_;z'm)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>radicalisme</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of being radical; specifically, the doctrines or principles of radicals in politics or social reform.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q><qex>Radicalism</qex> means root work; the uprooting of all falsehoods and abuses.</q> <rj><qau>F. W. Robertson.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rad`i*cal"i*ty</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;d`&ibreve_;*k&abreve;l"&ibreve_;*t&ybreve_;)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Germinal principle; source; origination.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Sir T. Browne.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Radicalness; relation to a root in essential nature or principle.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rad"i*cal*ly</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;d"&ibreve_;*k&aitalic_;l*l&ybreve_;)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>In a radical manner; at, or from, the origin or root; fundamentally; <as>as, a scheme or system <ex>radically</ex> wrong or defective</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Without derivation; primitively; essentially.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>These great orbs thus <qex>radically</qex> bright.</q> <rj><qau>Prior.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rad"i*cal*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Quality or state of being radical.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rad"i*cant</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;d"&ibreve_;*k&aitalic_;nt)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>radicans</ets>, p. pr.: cf. F. <ets>radicant</ets>. See <er>Radicate</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Taking root on, or above, the ground; rooting from the stem, as the trumpet creeper and the ivy.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rad"i*cate</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;d"&ibreve_;*k&auptack_;t)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>radicatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>radicari</ets> to take root, fr. <ets>radix</ets>. See <er>Radix</er>.]</ety> <def>Radicated.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rad"i*cate</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;d"&ibreve_;*k&amacr;t)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To take root; to become rooted.</def>  <rj><au>Evelyn.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rad"i*cate</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Radicated</conjf> <pr>(r&abreve;d"&ibreve_;*k&amacr;`t&ebreve_;d)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Radicating</conjf>.]</vmorph> <def>To cause to take root; to plant deeply and firmly; to root.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Time should . . . rather confirm and <qex>radicate</qex> in us the remembrance of God's goodness.</q> <rj><qau>Barrow.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rad"i*ca`ted</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;d"&ibreve_;*k&amacr;`t&ebreve_;d)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Rooted</def>; specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having roots, or possessing a well-developed root.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>Having rootlike organs for attachment.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rad`i*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;d"&ibreve_;*k&amacr;"sh&ubreve;n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>radication</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The process of taking root, or state of being rooted; <as>as, the <ex>radication</ex> of habits</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The disposition of the roots of a plant.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rad"i*cel</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;d"&ibreve_;*s&ebreve_;l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Dim. of <ets>radix</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A small branch of a root; a rootlet.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra*dic`i*flo"rous</hw> <pr>(r&adot_;*d&ibreve_;s`&ibreve_;*fl&omacr;"r&ubreve;s)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>radix</ets>, <ets>-icis</ets>, root + <ets>flos</ets>, <ets>floris</ets>, a flower.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Rhizanthous.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra*dic"i*form</hw> <pr>(r&adot_;*d&ibreve_;s"&ibreve_;*f&ocirc;m)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the nature or appearance of a radix or root.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rad"i*cle</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;d"&ibreve_;*k'l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>radicula</ets>, dim. of <ets>radix</ets>, <ets>-icis</ets>, root: cf. F. <ets>radicule</ets>. See <er>Radix</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The rudimentary stem of a plant which supports the cotyledons in the seed, and from which the root is developed downward; the stem of the embryo; the caulicle.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A rootlet; a radicel.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra*dic"u*lar</hw> <pr>(r&adot_;*d&ibreve_;k"&uuptack_;*l&etilde_;r)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining to roots, or the root of a plant.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rad"i*cule</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;d"&ibreve_;*k&umacr;l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A radicle.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra*dic"u*lose`</hw> <pr>(r&adot_;*d&ibreve_;k"&uuptack_;*l&omacr;s`)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Producing numerous radicles, or rootlets.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra"di*i</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"d&ibreve_;*&imacr;)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>, <def><pos>pl.</pos> of <er>Radius</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra"di*o-</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"d&ibreve_;*&ouptack_;-)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to, or employing, or operated by, radiant energy, specifically that of electromagnetic waves with frequencies between those of infrared radiation and X-rays; hence, pertaining to, or employed in, broadcast radio or television, microwaves, radiotelephones, etc.; <as>as, <ex>radio</ex> waves</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source> <source>+PJC</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>of or pertaining to broadcast radio; <as>as, a <ex>radio</ex> program</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>PJC</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra"di*o-</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"d&ibreve_;*&ouptack_;-)</pr>. <def>A combining form indicating <sig>connection with</sig>, or <sig>relation to</sig>, <sig>a radius</sig> or <sig>ray</sig>; <specif>specifically</specif> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <sig>with the radius of the forearm</sig>; <as>as, <ex>radio-</ex>ulnar, <ex>radio-</ex>muscular, <ex>radio-</ex>carpal</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>ra`di*o*ac"tive</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;`d&ibreve_;*&ouptack_;*&abreve;k"t&ibreve_;v)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>  <ety>[<ets>Radio-</ets> + <ets>active</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>Capable of luminescence under the action of cathode rays, X rays, or any of the allied forms of radiation.</def> <mark>[obsolete]</mark><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>of, exhibiting, or caused by <er>radioactivity</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>PJC</source>]</p>

<p><hw>ra`di*o*ac*tiv"i*ty</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;`d&ibreve_;*&ouptack_;*&abreve;k*t&ibreve_;v"&ibreve_;*t&ybreve_;)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>  <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>a form of instability which is a property of the atomic nuclei of certain isotopes, which causes a spontaneous change in the structure of the nucleus, accompanied by emission of energetic radiation.  The radiation emitted is usually sufficient to cause ionization in matter through which it passes, and is therefore called <er>ionizing radiation</er>.  The radiation emitted by most radioactive substances is one of three types: <er>alpha rays</er>, <er>beta rays</er>, or <er>gamma rays</er>.  Some chemical elements have no stable isotopes, and these are referred to as <it>radioactive elements</it>, and the element itself is said to possess <ex>radioactivity</ex>.</def>  <note>The changes in radioactive nuclei which cause radiation in most cases cause the chemical identity of the nucleus itself to change, as when tritium (an isotope of hydrogen) emits a beta ray and converts to helium.  The radioactive decay process is a first-order reaction, and the rate of decay of a particular isotope can therefore be expressed as the <er>half life</er> of the isotope, which is the time it takes for one half of the remaining undecayed isotope to decay, and is a constant independent of the proportion of original material which has already decayed.  The half life of tritium, for example, is 12.3 years.</note><br/>
[<source>PJC</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra`di*o*con*duc"tor</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;`d&ibreve_;*&ouptack_;*k&obreve_;n*d&ubreve;k"t&etilde_;r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Elec.)</fld> <def>A substance or device that has its conductivity altered in some way by electric waves, as a coherer.</def><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><hw>&Verbar;Ra`di*o-flag`el*la"ta</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;`d&ibreve_;*&ouptack_;*fl&abreve;j`&ebreve_;l*l&amacr;"t&adot_;)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[NL. See <er>Radiate</er>, and <er>Flagellata</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>A group of Protozoa having both flagella and pseudopodia.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>ra"di*o*graph</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"d&ibreve_;*&ouptack_;*gr&abreve;f)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>  <ety>[<ets>Radio-</ets> + <ets>-graph</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An instrument for measuring and recording solar radiation.</def><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn>  <def>An image or picture produced upon a sensitive surface, as of a photographic or fluorescent plate, by some form of penetrating radiation other than light, as X-rays, beta rays, etc.; esp., a picture of the internal structure of opaque objects traversed by the rays; a skiagraph.  When the picture is produced upon photographic film by X-rays, the picture is usually called an <altname>X-ray photo</altname> or <altname>X-ray</altname>.  When an image is produced on photographic film by a radioactive substance in close proximity to the film, in a manner so as to record the spatial distribution of the radioactive substance, the resulting image is called an <stype>autoradiograph</stype> or <stype><er>autoradiogram</er></stype>.</def><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source> <source>+PJC</source>]</p>

<p><hw>ra"di*o*graph</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"d&ibreve_;*&ouptack_;*gr&abreve;f)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To make a radiograph of.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>ra`di*og"ra*pher</wf> <pr>(r&amacr;`d&ibreve_;*&obreve_;g"r&adot_;*f&etilde_;r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><hw>ra`di*og"ra*phy</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;`d&ibreve_;*&obreve_;g"r&adot_;*f&ybreve_;)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Art or process of making radiographs, radiograms, or autoradiograms.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>ra`di*o*graph"ic</wf> <pr>(r&amacr;`d&ibreve_;*&ouptack_;*gr&abreve;f"&ibreve_;k)</pr>, <wf>ra`di*o*graph"ic*al</wf> <pr>(r&amacr;`d&ibreve_;*&ouptack_;*gr&abreve;f"&ibreve_;*k&aitalic_;l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> -- <wf>Ra`di*o*graph"ic*al*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><!-- p. 1184 pr=vmg --></p>

<p><hw>&Verbar;Ra`di*o*la"ri*a</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;`d&ibreve_;*&ouptack_;*l&amacr;"r&ibreve_;*&adot_;)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[NL. See <er>Radioli</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>Order of rhizopods, usually having a siliceous skeleton, or shell, and sometimes radiating spicules. The pseudopodia project from the body like rays. It includes the polycystines. See <er>Polycystina</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra`di*o*la"ri*an</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;`d&ibreve_;*&ouptack_;*l&amacr;"r&ibreve_;*&aitalic_;n)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Radiolaria.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>One of the Radiolaria.</def></def2><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>&Verbar;Ra*di"o*li</hw> <pr>(r&adot_;*d&imacr;"&ouptack_;*l&imacr;)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>; <sing>sing. <singw>Radiolus</singw> <pr>(r&adot_;*d&imacr;"&ouptack_;*l&ubreve;s)</pr></sing>. <ety>[NL., dim. of L. <ets>radius</ets> radius: cf. L. <ets>radiolus</ets> a feeble sunbeam.]</ety> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>The barbs of the radii of a feather; barbules.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra"di*o*lite</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"d&ibreve_;*&ouptack_;*l&imacr;t)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>radius</ets> ray + <ets>-lite</ets>: cf. F. <ets>radiolithe</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A hippurite.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra`di*om"e*ter</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;`d&ibreve_;*&obreve_;m"&euptack_;*t&etilde_;r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>radius</ets> radius + <ets>-meter</ets>: cf. F. <ets>radiom&egrave;tre</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A forestaff.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>An instrument designed for measuring the mechanical effect of radiant energy.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><note>&hand_; It consists of a number of light disks, blackened on one side, placed at the ends of extended arms, supported on a pivot in an exhausted glass vessel. When exposed to rays of light or heat, the arms rotate.</note><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra`di*om"e*try</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;`d&ibreve_;*&obreve_;m"&euptack_;*tr&ybreve_;)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>The use of the radiometer, or the measurement of radiation.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Ra`di*o*met"ric</wf> <pr>(r&amacr;`d&ibreve_;*&ouptack_;*m&ebreve_;t"r&ibreve_;k)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos></wordforms><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra`di*o*mi*crom"e*ter</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;`d&ibreve_;*&ouptack_;*m&iuptack_;*kr&obreve_;m"&euptack_;*t&etilde_;r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[<ets>Radio-</ets> + <ets>micrometer</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>A very sensitive modification or application of the thermopile, used for indicating minute changes of radiant heat, or temperature.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra"di*o*phare</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"d&ibreve_;*&ouptack_;*f&acirc;r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>  <ety>[<ets>Radio-</ets> + <ets>phare</ets>.]</ety> <def>A radiotelegraphic station serving solely for determining the position of ships. The radius of operation of such stations was restricted by the International Radiotelegraphic Convention (1912) to 30 nautical miles.</def><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra"di*o*phone</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"d&ibreve_;*&ouptack_;*f&omacr;n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[<ets>Radio-</ets> + Gr. <grk>fwnh`</grk> sound.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>An apparatus for the production of sound by the action of luminous or thermal rays. It is essentially the same as the photophone.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>a telephone using radio waves, rather than wires, to convey the voice signal.</def><br/>
[<source>PJC</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra`di*oph"o*ny</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;`d&ibreve_;*&ouptack_;*&obreve_;f"&ouptack_;*n&ybreve_;)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>The art or practice of using the radiophone.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra`di*op"ti*con</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;`d&ibreve_;*&obreve_;p"t&ibreve_;*k&obreve_;n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>  <ety>[<ets>Radio-</ets> + stere<ets>opticon</ets>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Projector</er>, above.</def><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra`di*os"co*py</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;`d&ibreve_;*&obreve_;s"k&ouptack_;*p&ybreve_;)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>  <ety>[<ets>Radio-</ets> + <ets>-scopy</ets>.]</ety> <def>Direct observation of objects opaque to light by means of some other form of radiant energy, as x-rays.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Ra`di*o*scop"ic</wf> <pr>(r&amacr;`d&ibreve_;*&obreve_;*sk&obreve_;p"&ibreve_;k)</pr>, <wf>Ra`di*o*scop"ic*al</wf> <pr>(r&amacr;`d&ibreve_;*&obreve_;*sk&obreve_;p"&ibreve_;*k&aitalic_;l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos></wordforms><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra`di*o*tel"e*gram</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;`d&ibreve_;*&obreve_;*t&ebreve_;l"&euptack_;*gr&abreve;m)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A message transmitted by radiotelegraph.</def><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra`di*o*tel"e*graph</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;`d&ibreve_;*&obreve_;*t&ebreve_;l"&euptack_;*gr&abreve;f)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>  <ety>[<ets>Radio-</ets> + <ets>telegraph</ets>.]</ety> <def>A wireless telegraph.</def><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra`di*o*tel`e*graph"ic</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;`d&ibreve_;*&obreve_;*t&ebreve_;l`&euptack_;*gr&abreve;f"&ibreve_;k)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining to radiotelegraphy; employing, or used or employed in, radiotelegraphy.</def><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra`di*o*te*leg"ra*phy</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;`d&ibreve_;*&obreve_;*t&ebreve_;*l&ebreve_;g"r&adot_;*f&ybreve_;)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>  <ety>[<ets>Radio-</ets> + <ets>telegraphy</ets>.]</ety> <def>Telegraphy using the radiant energy of radio waves; wireless telegraphy; -- the term adopted for use by the Radiotelegraphic Convention of 1912.</def><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra`di*o*tel"e*phone</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;`d&ibreve_;*&obreve_;*t&ebreve_;l"&euptack_;*f&omacr;n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A wireless telephone, in which the signal is conveyed by radio waves.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Ra`di*o*te*leph"o*ny</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra`di*o*ther"a*py</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;`d&ibreve_;*&obreve_;*th&ebreve_;r"&adot_;*p&ybreve_;)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>  <ety>[<ets>Radio-</ets> + <ets>therapy</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Treatment of disease by means of x-rays or radioactivity.  Radiotherapy of cancer is based on the fact that cancer cells are more sensitive to radiation than most other cells in the body.</def><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source> <source>+PJC</source>]</p>

<p><hw>ra`di*o*tho"ri*um</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;`d&ibreve_;*&obreve_;*th&ocirc;r"&emacr;*&ubreve;m)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>an earlier name for the thorium isotope <altname>thorium-228</altname>, given by its discoverer <person>Otto Hahn</person>.  It is a radioactive substance formed as one of series of products in the chain of radioactive decay of thorium.  Its immediate predecessor in the chain is Actinium-228, and it decays by alpha emission to radium-224 with a half-life of 1.91 years.  The name <ex>radiothorium</ex> was given prior to the full understanding of the nature of isotopes of elements.</def><br/>
[<source>PJC</source>]</p>

<p><hw>ra"di*ous</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"d&ibreve_;*&ubreve;s)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>radiosus</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Consisting of rays, as light.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>  <rj><au>Berkeley.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Radiating; radiant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>G. Fletcher.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rad"ish</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;d"&ibreve_;sh)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>radis</ets>; cf. It. <ets>radice</ets>, Pr. <ets>raditz</ets>: all fr. L. <ets>radix</ets>, <ets>-icis</ets>, a root, an edible root, especially a radish, akin to E. <ets>wort</ets>. See <er>Wort</er>, and cf. <er>Eradicate</er>, <er>Race</er> a root, <er>Radix</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The pungent fleshy root of a well-known cruciferous plant (<spn>Raphanus sativus</spn>); also, the whole plant.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Radish fly</b></col> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld>, <cd>a small two-winged fly (<spn>Anthomyia raphani</spn>) whose larv&aelig; burrow in radishes. It resembles the onion fly.</cd> -- <col><b>Rat-tailed radish</b></col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an herb (<spn>Raphanus caudatus</spn>) having a long, slender pod, which is sometimes eaten.</cd> -- <col><b>Wild radish</b></col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the jointed charlock.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra`di*um</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"d&ibreve_;*&ubreve;m)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>radius</ets> ray.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An intensely radioactive metallic element found (combined) in minute quantities in pitchblende, and various other uranium minerals. Symbol, <it>Ra</it>; atomic weight, 226.4.  Radium was discovered by M. and <person>Mme. Curie</person>, of Paris, who in 1902 separated compounds of it by a tedious process from pitchblende.  Its compounds color flames carmine and give a characteristic spectrum.  It is divalent, resembling barium chemically.  The main isotope of radium found in pitchblende, radium-226, has a half-life of 1620 years, decaying first by alpha emission to <er>radon</er>.</def> <note>Radium preparations are remarkable for maintaining themselves at a higher temperature than their surroundings, and for their radiations, which are of three kinds: <emits>alpha rays</emits>, <emits>beta rays</emits>, and <emits>gamma rays</emits> (see these terms). The beta and gamma rays seen in radium preparations are in fact due to disintegration of decay products of radium rather than the radium itself.  By reason of these rays they ionize gases, affect photographic plates, cause sores on the skin, and produce many other striking effects. Their degree of activity depends on the proportion of radium present, but not on its state of chemical combination or on external conditions.  The radioactivity of radium is therefore an atomic property, and is due to an inherent instability of the atomic nucleus which causes its decay in a process whose rate is first order. The disintegration of the radium nucleus is only the first in a series of nuclear disintegrations leading to production of a series of elements and isotopes.  The chain has at least seven stages; the successive main products have been studied and are <er>radon</er>, a gaseous radioactive element belonging chemically to the inert noble gas series (originally called  <ecol><b>radium emanation</b></ecol> or <ecol><b>exradio</b></ecol>, <ecol><b>radium A</b></ecol>, <ecol><b>radium B</b></ecol>, <ecol><b>radium C</b></ecol>, etc.  The successive products are unstable isotopes of several different elements, each with an atomic weight a little lower than its predecessor. Lead is the stable end product. At the same time, the light gas helium is formed, being generated when the expelled alpha particles (positively charged helium nuclei) acquire electrons.  Radium, in turn, is formed in the pitchblende ore by a slow disintegration of uranium.  Natural radium and also an isotope (radium-228, also called mesothorium I) formed by the decay of thorium, were at one time used to make a luminous paint for watch dials, until the danger of the radioactivity became fully appreciated, and use of such material in watches was discontinued.  See also <er>mesothorium</er>.</note><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source> <source>+PJC</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra"di*us</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"d&ibreve_;*&ubreve;s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu><it>pl.</it> L. <plw>Radii</plw> <pr>(r&amacr;"d&ibreve_;*&imacr;)</pr>; E. <plw>Radiuses</plw> <pr>(r&amacr;"d&ibreve_;*&ubreve;s*&ebreve_;z)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L., a staff, rod, spoke of a wheel, radius, ray. See <er>Ray</er> a divergent line.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A right line drawn or extending from the center of a circle to the periphery; the semidiameter of a circle or sphere.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The preaxial bone of the forearm, or brachium, corresponding to the tibia of the hind limb. See <xex>Illust.</xex> of <er>Artiodactyla</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><note>&hand_; The radius is on the same side of the limb as the thumb, or pollex, and in man it is so articulated that its lower end is capable of partial rotation about the ulna.</note><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A ray, or outer floret, of the capitulum of such plants as the sunflower and the daisy. See <er>Ray</er>, 2.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>4.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The barbs of a perfect feather.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Radiating organs, or color-markings, of the radiates.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>5.</sn> <def>The movable limb of a sextant or other angular instrument.</def>  <rj><au>Knight.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Radius bar</b></col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>a bar pivoted at one end, about which it swings, and having its other end attached to a piece which it causes to move in a circular arc.</cd> -- <col><b>Radius of curvature</b></col>. <cd>See under <er>Curvature</er>.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>&Verbar;Ra"di*us vec"tor</hw> <pr>(v&ebreve_;k"t&obreve_;r)</pr>. <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>A straight line (or the length of such line) connecting any point, as of a curve, with a fixed point, or pole, round which the straight line turns, and to which it serves to refer the successive points of a curve, in a system of polar co&ouml;rdinates. See <er>Co&ouml;rdinate</er>, <pos>n.</pos></def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>An ideal straight line joining the center of an attracting body with that of a body describing an orbit around it, as a line joining the sun and a planet or comet, or a planet and its satellite.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra"dix</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"d&ibreve_;ks)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu><it>pl.</it> L. <plw>Radices</plw> <pr>(r&abreve;d"&ibreve_;*s&emacr;z)</pr>, E. <plw>Radixes</plw> <pr>(r&amacr;"d&ibreve_;ks*&ebreve_;z)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L. <ets>radix</ets>, <ets>-icis</ets>, root. See <er>Radish</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Philol.)</fld> <def>A primitive word, from which spring other words; a radical; a root; an etymon.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A number or quantity which is arbitrarily made the fundamental number of any system; a base. <as>Thus, 10 is the <ex>radix</ex>, or base, of the common system of logarithms, and also of the decimal system of numeration</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Alg.)</fld> <def>A finite expression, from which a series is derived.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>  <rj><au>Hutton.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The root of a plant.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra"don</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"d&obreve_;n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An intensely radioactive gaseous element produced by the radioactive decay of radium-226, which is the main isotope of radium found in pitchblende.  Chemically it is an inert noble gas.  Its atomic symbol is <it>Rn</it>. It has an atomic number of 86.  The radon isotope produced by decay of radium has an atomic weight of 222.017, and this isotope decays by alpha emission with a half-life of 3.82 days.  Numerous other isotopes have been observed, all radioactive and all having half-lives shorter than that of radon-222.  Radon was discovered by M. and Mme. Curie, of Paris, in their studies of the radioactive substances in pitchblende.  Radon was originally called  <altname>radium emanation</altname> or <altname>exradio</altname>.</def><br/>
[<source>PJC</source>]</p>

<p><hw>&Verbar;Rad"u*la</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;d"&uuptack_;*l&adot_;)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu><it>pl.</it> <plw>Radul&aelig;</plw> <pr>(r&abreve;d"&uuptack_;*l&emacr;)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L., a scraper, fr. <ets>radere</ets> to scrape.]</ety> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>The chitinous ribbon bearing the teeth of mollusks; -- called also <altname>lingual ribbon</altname>, and <altname>tongue</altname>. See <er>Odontophore</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra*du"li*form</hw> <pr>(r&adot_;*d&umacr;"l&ibreve_;*f&ocirc;rm)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>radula</ets> a scraper + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Rasplike; <as>as, <ex>raduliform</ex> teeth</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Raff</hw> <pr>(r&adot_;f)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Raffed</conjf> <pr>(r&adot_;ft)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Raffing</conjf>.]</vmorph> <ety>[OF. <ets>raffer</ets>, of German origin; cf. G. <ets>raffen</ets>; akin to E. <ets>rap</ets> to snatch. See <er>Rap</er>, and cf. <er>Riffraff</er>, <er>Rip</er> to tear.]</ety> <def>To sweep, snatch, draw, or huddle together; to take by a promiscuous sweep.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Causes and effects which I thus <qex>raff</qex> up together.</q> <rj><qau>Carew.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Raff</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A promiscuous heap; a jumble; a large quantity; lumber; refuse.</def> &ldquo;A <xex>raff</xex> of errors.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Barrow.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>The sweepings of society; the rabble; the mob; -- chiefly used in the compound or duplicate, <xex>riffraff</xex>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>A low fellow; a churl.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Raff merchant</b></col>, <cd>a dealer in lumber and odd refuse.</cd> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Raf`fa*el*esque"</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;f`f&adot_;*&ebreve_;l*&ebreve_;sk")</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Raphaelesque.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Raf"fi*a</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;f"f&ibreve_;*&adot_;)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A fibrous material used for tying plants, said to come from the leaves of a palm tree of the genus <gen>Raphia</gen>.</def>  <rj><au>J. Smith (Dict. Econ. Plants).</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Raf"fi*a palm</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;f"f&ibreve_;*&adot_; p&auml;m`)</pr>. <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A pinnate-leaved palm (<spn>Raphia ruffia</spn>) native of Madagascar, and of considerable economic importance on account of the strong fiber (raffia) obtained from its leafstalks.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The jupati palm.</def><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Raf"fi*nose`</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;f"f&ibreve_;*n&omacr;s`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>raffiner</ets> to refine.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A colorless crystalline slightly sweet substance obtained from the molasses of the sugar beet.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Raff"ish</hw> <pr>(r&adot_;f"&ibreve_;sh)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Resembling, or having the character of, raff, or a raff; worthless; low.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>A sad, <qex>raffish</qex>, disreputable character.</q> <rj><qau>Thackeray.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Raf"fle</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;f"f'l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>rafle</ets>; <ets>faire rafle</ets> to sweep stakes, fr. <ets>rafler</ets> to carry or sweep away, <ets>rafler tout</ets> to sweep stakes; of German origin; cf. G. <ets>raffeln</ets> to snatch up, to rake. See <er>Raff</er>, <pos>v.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A kind of lottery, in which several persons pay, in shares, the value of something put up as a stake, and then determine by chance (as by casting dice) which one of them shall become the sole possessor.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>A game of dice in which he who threw three alike won all the stakes.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Cotgrave.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Raf"fle</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;f"f'l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Raff</er>, <pos>n. &amp; v.</pos>, and <er>Raffle</er>.]</ety> <def>Refuse; rubbish; raff.</def><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Raf"fle</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Raffled</conjf> <pr>(r&abreve;f"f'ld)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Raffling</conjf> <pr>(r&abreve;f"fl&ibreve_;ng)</pr>.]</vmorph> <def>To engage in a raffle; <as>as, to <ex>raffle</ex> for a watch</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Raf"fle</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To dispose of by means of a raffle; -- often followed by <xex>off</xex>; <as>as, to <ex>raffle</ex> off a horse</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Raf"fler</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;f"fl&etilde_;r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who raffles.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>&Verbar;Raf*fle"si*a</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;f*fl&emacr;"zh&ibreve_;*&adot_;)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL. Named from its discoverer, <person>Sir S. <etsep>Raffles</etsep></person>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of stemless, leafless plants, living parasitically upon the roots and stems of grapevines in Malaysia. The flowers have a carrionlike odor, and are very large, in one species (<spn>Rafflesia Arnoldi</spn>) having a diameter of two or three feet.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Raft</hw> <pr>(r&adot_;ft)</pr>, <mark>obs.</mark> <def><pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> of <er>Reave</er>.</def>  <rj><au>Spenser.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Raft</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Originally, a rafter, spar, and fr. Icel. <ets>raptr</ets> a rafter; akin to Dan. <ets>raft</ets>, Prov. G. <ets>raff</ets> a rafter, spar; cf. OHG. <ets>r&amacr;fo</ets>, <ets>r&amacr;vo</ets>, a beam, rafter, Icel. <ets>r&amacr;f</ets> roof.  Cf. <er>Rafter</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A collection of logs, boards, pieces of timber, or the like, fastened together, either for their own collective conveyance on the water, or to serve as a support in conveying other things; a float.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>A collection of logs, fallen trees, etc. (such as is formed in some Western rivers of the United States), which obstructs navigation.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <ety>[Perhaps akin to <ets>raff</ets> a heap.]</ety> <def>A large collection of people or things taken indiscriminately.</def> <mark>[Slang, U. S.]</mark> &ldquo;A whole <xex>raft</xex> of folks.&rdquo;  <rj><au>W. D. Howells.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Raft bridge</b></col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A bridge whose points of support are rafts</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A bridge that consists of floating timbers fastened together.</cd> -- <col><b>Raft duck</b></col>. <ety>[The name alludes to its swimming in dense flocks.]</ety> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The bluebill, or greater scaup duck; -- called also <altname>flock duck</altname>. See <er>Scaup</er>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The redhead.</cd> -- <col><b>Raft port</b></col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a large, square port in a vessel's side for loading or unloading timber or other bulky articles; a timber or lumber port.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Raft</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Rafted</conjf>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Rafting</conjf>.]</vmorph> <def>To transport on a raft, or in the form of a raft; to make into a raft; <as>as, to <ex>raft</ex> timber</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Raf"te</hw> <pr>(r&adot_;f"t&eitalic_;)</pr>, <mark>obs.</mark> <def><pos>imp.</pos> of <er>Reave</er>.</def>  <rj><au>Chaucer.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Raft"er</hw> <pr>(r&adot_;ft"&etilde_;r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A raftsman.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Raft"er</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>r&aelig;fter</ets>; akin to E. <ets>raft</ets>, n. See <er>Raft</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Originally, any rough and somewhat heavy piece of timber. Now, commonly, one of the timbers of a roof which are put on sloping, according to the inclination of the roof. See <xex>Illust.</xex> of <er>Queen-post</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>[Courtesy] oft is sooner found in lowly sheds,<br/>
With smoky <qex>rafters</qex>, than in tapestry halls.</q> <rj><qau>Milton.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Raft"er</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make into rafters, as timber.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To furnish with rafters, as a house.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Agric.)</fld> <def>To plow so as to turn the grass side of each furrow upon an unplowed ridge; to ridge.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Raft"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The business of making or managing rafts.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rafts"man</hw> <pr>(r&adot_;fts"m&aitalic_;n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu><it>pl.</it> <plw>Raftsmen</plw> <pr>(r&adot_;fts"m&eitalic_;n)</pr>.</plu> <def>A man engaged in rafting.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Raf"ty</hw> <pr>(r&adot_;f"t&ybreve_;)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Perhaps akin to G. <ets>reif</ets> hoarfrost.]</ety> <def>Damp; musty.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rag</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;g)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Icel. <ets>r&aelig;gja</ets> to calumniate, OHG. <ets>ruogen</ets> to accuse, G. <ets>r&uuml;gen</ets> to censure, AS. <ets>wr&emacr;gan</ets>, Goth. <ets>wr&omacr;hjan</ets> to accuse.]</ety> <def>To scold or rail at; to rate; to tease; to torment; to banter.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>  <rj><au>Pegge.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rag</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>ragge</ets>, probably of Scand, origin; cf. Icel. <ets>r&ouml;gg</ets> a tuft, shagginess, Sw. <ets>ragg</ets> rough hair.  Cf. <er>Rug</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A piece of cloth torn off; a tattered piece of cloth; a shred; a tatter; a fragment.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Cowls, hoods, and habits, with their wearers, tossed,<br/>
And fluttered into <qex>rags</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Milton.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Not having otherwise any <qex>rag</qex> of legality to cover the shame of their cruelty.</q> <rj><qau>Fuller.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Hence, mean or tattered attire; worn-out dress.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>And virtue, though in <qex>rags</qex>, will keep me warm.</q> <rj><qau>Dryden.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>A shabby, beggarly fellow; a ragamuffin.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>The other zealous <qex>rag</qex> is the compositor.</q> <rj><qau>B. Jonson.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Upon the proclamation, they all came in, both tag and <qex>rag</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Spenser.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A coarse kind of rock, somewhat cellular in texture.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Metal Working)</fld> <def>A ragged edge.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>6.</sn> <def>A sail, or any piece of canvas.</def> <mark>[Nautical Slang]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Our ship was a clipper with every <qex>rag</qex> set.</q> <rj><qau>Lowell.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Rag bolt</b></col>, <cd>an iron pin with barbs on its shank to retain it in place.</cd> -- <col><b>Rag carpet</b></col>, <cd>a carpet of which the weft consists of narrow strips of cloth sewed together, end to end.</cd> -- <col><b>Rag dust</b></col>, <cd>fine particles of ground-up rags, used in making papier-mach&eacute; and wall papers.</cd> -- <col><b>Rag wheel</b></col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A chain wheel; a sprocket wheel</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A polishing wheel made of disks of cloth clamped together on a mandrel.</cd> -- <col><b>Rag wool</b></col>, <cd>wool obtained by tearing woolen rags into fine bits, shoddy.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rag</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;g)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Ragged</conjf> <pr>(r&abreve;gd)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Ragging</conjf> <pr>(r&abreve;g"g&ibreve_;ng)</pr>.]</vmorph> <def>To become tattered.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rag</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To break (ore) into lumps for sorting.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To cut or dress roughly, as a grindstone.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rag</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Music)</fld> <def>To play or compose (a piece, melody, etc.) in syncopated time.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn>  <def>To dance to ragtime music, esp. in some manner considered indecorous.</def> <mark>[Colloq. or Slang]</mark><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><mhw>{ <hw>Rag"a*bash`</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;g"&adot_;*b&abreve;sh`)</pr>, <hw>Rag"a*brash`</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;g"&adot_;*br&abreve;sh`)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <def>An idle, ragged person.</def>  <rj><au>Nares.</au>  <au>Grose.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rag`a*muf"fin</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;g`&adot_;*m&ubreve;f"f&ibreve_;n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. <ets>Ragamofin</ets>, the name of a demon in some of the old mysteries.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A paltry or disreputable fellow; a mean wretch.</def>  <rj><au>Dryden.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>A person who wears ragged clothing.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>The long-tailed titmouse.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rage</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;j)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>rabies</ets>, fr. <ets>rabere</ets> to rave; cf. Skr. <ets>rabh</ets> to seize, <ets>rabhas</ets> violence.  Cf. <er>Rabid</er>, <er>Rabies</er>, <er>Rave</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Violent excitement; eager passion; extreme vehemence of desire, emotion, or suffering, mastering the will.</def> &ldquo;In great <xex>rage</xex> of pain.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Bacon.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>He appeased the <qex>rage</qex> of hunger with some scraps of broken meat.</q> <rj><qau>Macaulay.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Convulsed with a <qex>rage</qex> of grief.</q> <rj><qau>Hawthorne.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Especially, anger accompanied with raving; overmastering wrath; violent anger; fury.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>torment, and loud lament, and furious <qex>rage</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Milton.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>A violent or raging wind.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Chaucer.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>4.</sn> <def>The subject of eager desire; that which is sought after, or prosecuted, with unreasonable or excessive passion; <as>as, to be all the <ex>rage</ex></as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><syn><b>Syn.</b> -- Anger; vehemence; excitement; passion; fury. See <er>Anger</er>.</syn><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rage</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Raged</conjf> <pr>(r&amacr;jd)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Raging</conjf> <pr>(r&amacr;"j&ibreve_;ng)</pr>.]</vmorph> <ety>[OF. <ets>ragier</ets>. See <er>Rage</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To be furious with anger; to be exasperated to fury; to be violently agitated with passion.</def> &ldquo;Whereat he inly <xex>raged</xex>.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Milton.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>When one so great begins to <qex>rage</qex>, he is hunted<br/>
Even to falling.</q> <rj><qau>Shak.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q><qex>Rage</qex>, <qex>rage</qex> against the dying of the light<br/>
Do not go gentle into that good night.</q> <rj><qau>Dylan Thomas.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>PJC</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To be violent and tumultuous; to be violently driven or agitated; to act or move furiously; <as>as, the <ex>raging</ex> sea or winds</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Why do the heathen <qex>rage</qex>?</q> <rj><qau>Ps. ii. 1.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>The madding wheels<br/>
Of brazen chariots <qex>raged</qex>; dire was the noise.</q> <rj><qau>Milton.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>To ravage; to prevail without restraint, or with destruction or fatal effect; <as>as, the plague <ex>raged</ex> in Cairo</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>4.</sn> <def>To toy or act wantonly; to sport.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Chaucer.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><syn><b>Syn.</b> -- To storm; fret; chafe; fume.</syn><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rage</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To enrage.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Shak.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rage"ful</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;j"f&usdot_;l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Full of rage; expressing rage.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> &ldquo;<xex>Rageful</xex> eyes.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Sir P. Sidney.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra"ger*y</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"j&etilde_;r*&ybreve_;)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Wantonness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Chaucer.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rag"ged</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;g"g&ebreve_;d)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From <er>Rag</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Rent or worn into tatters, or till the texture is broken; <as>as, a <ex>ragged</ex> coat; a <ex>ragged</ex> sail.</as></def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Broken with rough edges; having jags; uneven; rough; jagged; <as>as, <ex>ragged</ex> rocks</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>Hence, harsh and disagreeable to the ear; dissonant.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> &ldquo;A <xex>ragged</xex> noise of mirth.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Herbert.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>4.</sn> <def>Wearing tattered clothes; <as>as, a <ex>ragged</ex> fellow</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>5.</sn> <def>Rough; shaggy; rugged.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>What shepherd owns those <qex>ragged</qex> sheep?</q> <rj><qau>Dryden.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Ragged lady</b></col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the fennel flower (<spn>Nigella Damascena</spn>).</cd> -- <col><b>Ragged robin</b></col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a plant of the genus <gen>Lychnis</gen> (<spn>Lychnis Flos-cuculi</spn>), cultivated for its handsome flowers, which have the petals cut into narrow lobes.</cd> -- <col><b>Ragged sailor</b></col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>prince's feather (<spn>Polygonum orientale</spn>).</cd> -- <col><b>Ragged school</b></col>, <cd>a free school for poor children, where they are taught and in part fed; -- a name given at first because they came in their common clothing.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p>-- <wordforms><wf>Rag"ged*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> -- <wf>Rag"ged*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><mhw>{ <hw>Rag"gie</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;g"g&ibreve_;)</pr>, <it>or</it> <hw>Rag"gy</hw>  }</mhw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Ragged; rough.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> &ldquo;A stony and <xex>raggie</xex> hill.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Holland.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>&Verbar;Ragh`u*van"sa</hw> <pr>(r&ubreve;g`&usdot_;*v&ubreve;n"s&adot_;)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Skr. <ets>Raguva&msdot_;&ccedil;a</ets>.]</ety> <def>A celebrated Sanskrit poem having for its subject the Raghu dynasty.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra"ging</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"j&ibreve_;ng)</pr>, <def><pos>a. &amp; n.</pos> from <er>Rage</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos></def> -- <wordforms><wf>Ra"ging*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra"gious</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"j&ubreve;s)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Raging; furious; rageful.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <wordforms><wf>Ra"gious*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rag"lan</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;g"l&aitalic_;n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A loose overcoat with large sleeves; -- named after <person>Lord <etsep>Raglan</etsep></person>, an English general who was an aide-de-camp to <persfn>Wellington</persfn> at Waterlooo.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>An overcoat with <er>raglan sleeves</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>PJC</source>]</p>

<p><hw>rag"lan sleeve`</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;g"l&aitalic_;n sl&emacr;v`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A sleeve joined to the body of a garment by a long slanting seam starting at the neck and continuing around the armhole.  Contrasted to a <er>set-in sleeve</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>PJC</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rag"man</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;g"m&aitalic_;n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu><it>pl.</it> <plw>Ragmen</plw> <pr>(r&abreve;g"m&eitalic_;n)</pr>.</plu> <def>A man who collects, or deals in, rags.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rag"man</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Ragman's roll</er>.]</ety> <def>A document having many names or numerous seals, as a papal bull.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Piers Plowman.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rag"man's roll`</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;g"m&aitalic_;nz r&omacr;l`)</pr>. <ety>[For <ets>ragman roll</ets> a long list of names, the devil's roll or list; where <ets>ragman</ets> is of Scand. origin; cf. Icel. <ets>ragmenni</ets> a craven person, Sw. <ets>raggen</ets> the devil. Icel. <ets>ragmenni</ets> is fr. <ets>ragr</ets> cowardly (another form of <ets>argr</ets>, akin to AS. <ets>earg</ets> cowardly, vile, G. <ets>arg</ets> bad) + <ets>menni</ets> (in comp.) man, akin to E. <ets>man</ets>. See <er>Roll</er>, and cf. <er>Rigmarole</er>.]</ety> <def>The rolls of deeds on parchment in which the Scottish nobility and gentry subscribed allegiance to Edward I. of England, <sc>A. D.</sc> 1296.</def> <altsp>[Also written <asp>ragman-roll</asp>.]</altsp><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><mhw>{ <hw>Rag"na*rok"</hw> <pr>(r&adot_;"n&adot_;*r&obreve_;k")</pr>, <hw>&Verbar;Rag"na*r&ouml;k"</hw> <pr>(r&adot_;"n&adot_;*r&ucirc;k")</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Icel., fr. <ets>regin</ets>, <ets>r&ouml;gn</ets>, gods + <ets>r&ouml;k</ets> reason, origin, history; confused with <ets>ragna-r&ouml;kr</ets> the twilight of the gods.]</ety> <fld>(Norse Myth.)</fld> <def>The so-called &ldquo;Twilight of the Gods&rdquo; (called in German <altname>G&ouml;tterd&auml;mmerung</altname>), the final destruction of the world in the great conflict between the &AElig;sir (gods) on the one hand, and on the other, the giants and the powers of Hel under the leadership of Loki (who is escaped from bondage).</def><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra*gout"</hw> <pr>(r&adot_;*g&oomacr_;")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>rago&ucirc;t</ets>, fr. <ets>rago&ucirc;ter</ets> to restore one's appetite, fr. L. pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>ad</ets> to + <ets>gustare</ets> to taste, <ets>gustus</ets> taste. See <er>Gust</er> relish.]</ety> <def>A dish made of pieces of meat, stewed, and highly seasoned; <as>as, a <ex>ragout</ex> of mutton</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rag"pick`er</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;g"p&ibreve_;k`&etilde_;r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who gets a living by picking up rags and refuse things in the streets.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rag"time`</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>a rhythm with a regular accompaniment in two-four time and a melody characterized by syncopation, first recognized in many negro melodies; also a style of American music in this rhythm.</def><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source> <source>+PJC</source>]</p>

<p><mhw>{ <hw>Ra*guled"</hw> <pr>(r&adot_;*g&umacr;ld")</pr>, <hw>Rag*guled"</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;g*g&umacr;ld")</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>raguer</ets> to chafe, fret, rub, or E. <ets>rag</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Notched in regular diagonal breaks; -- said of a line, or a bearing having such an edge.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><!-- p. 1185 pr=vmg --></p>

<p><hw>Rag"weed`</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;g"w&emacr;d`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A common American composite weed (<spn>Ambrosia artemisi&aelig;folia</spn>) with finely divided leaves; hogweed.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Great ragweed</b></col>, <cd>a coarse American herb (<spn>Ambrosia trifida</spn>), with rough three-lobed opposite leaves.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rag"work`</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;g"w&ucirc;rk`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Masonry)</fld> <def>A kind of rubblework. In the United States, any rubblework of thin and small stones.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rag"wort`</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;g"w&ucirc;rt`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A name given to several species of the composite genus <gen>Senecio</gen>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><note>&hand_; <spn>Senecio aureus</spn> is the golden ragwort of the United States; <spn>Senecio elegans</spn> is the purple ragwort of South Africa.</note><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>&Verbar;Ra"ia</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"y&adot_;)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., a ray.  Cf. <er>Ray</er> the fish.]</ety> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>A genus of rays which includes the skates. See <er>Skate</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>&Verbar;Ra"i&aelig;</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"y&emacr;)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[NL. See <er>Raia</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>The order of elasmobranch fishes which includes the sawfishes, skates, and rays; -- called also <altname>Raj&aelig;</altname>, and <altname>Rajii</altname>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Raid</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;d)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Icel. <ets>rei&eth;</ets> a riding, raid; akin to E. <ets>road</ets>. See <er>Road</er> a way.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A hostile or predatory incursion; an inroad or incursion of mounted men; a sudden and rapid invasion by a cavalry force; a foray.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Marauding chief! his sole delight<br/>
The moonlight <qex>raid</qex>, the morning fight.</q> <rj><qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>There are permanent conquests, temporary occupations, and occasional <qex>raids</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>H. Spenser.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><note>&hand_; A Scottish word which came into common use in the United States during the Civil War, and was soon extended in its application.</note><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>An attack or invasion for the purpose of making arrests, seizing property, or plundering; <as>as, a <ex>raid</ex> of the police upon a gambling house; a <ex>raid</ex> of contractors on the public treasury.</as></def> <mark>[Colloq. U. S.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Raid</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Raided</conjf>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Raiding</conjf>.]</vmorph> <def>To make a raid upon or into; <as>as, two regiments <ex>raided</ex> the border counties</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Raid"er</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;d"&etilde_;r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who engages in a raid.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Raif"fei`sen</hw> <pr>(r&imacr;f"&imacr;`z'n)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Economics)</fld> <def>Designating, or pertaining to, a form of co&ouml;perative bank founded among the German agrarian population by <person>Friedrich Wilhelm Raiffeisen</person> (1818-88); <as>as, <ex>Raiffeisen</ex> banks, the <ex>Raiffeisen</ex> system, etc.</as> The banks are unlimited-liability institutions making small loans at a low rate of interest, for a designated purpose, to worthy members only.</def><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rail</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>reil</ets>, <ets>re&yogh_;el</ets>, AS. <ets>hr&aelig;gel</ets>, <ets>hr&aelig;gl</ets>, a garment; akin to OHG. <ets>hregil</ets>, OFries. <ets>hreil</ets>.]</ety> <def>An outer cloak or covering; a neckerchief for women.</def>  <rj><au>Fairholt.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rail</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <def>To flow forth; to roll out; to course.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Streams of tears from her fair eyes forth <qex>railing</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Spenser.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rail</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Akin to LG. &amp; Sw. <ets>regel</ets> bar, bolt, G. <ets>riegel</ets> a rail, bar, or bolt, OHG. <ets>rigil</ets>, <ets>rigel</ets>, bar, bolt, and possibly to E. <ets>row</ets> a line.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A bar of timber or metal, usually horizontal or nearly so, extending from one post or support to another, as in fences, balustrades, staircases, etc.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A horizontal piece in a frame or paneling. See <xex>Illust.</xex> of <er>Style</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Railroad)</fld> <def>A bar of steel or iron, forming part of the track on which the wheels roll. It is usually shaped with reference to vertical strength, and is held in place by chairs, splices, etc.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The stout, narrow plank that forms the top of the bulwarks.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The light, fencelike structures of wood or metal at the break of the deck, and elsewhere where such protection is needed.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>5.</sn> <def>A railroad as a means of transportation; <as>as, to go by <ex>rail</ex>; a place not accesible by <ex>rail</ex></as>.</def><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><sn>6.</sn> <def>a railing.</def><br/>
[<source>PJC</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Rail fence</b></col>. <cd>See under <er>Fence</er>.</cd> -- <col><b>Rail guard</b></col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A device attached to the front of a locomotive on each side for clearing the rail of obstructions</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A guard rail. See under <er>Guard</er>.</cd> -- <col><b>Rail joint</b></col> <fld>(Railroad)</fld>, <cd>a splice connecting the adjacent ends of rails, in distinction from a <xex>chair</xex>, which is merely a seat. The two devices are sometimes united. Among several hundred varieties, the <xex>fish joint</xex> is standard. See <cref>Fish joint</cref>, under <er>Fish</er>.</cd> -- <col><b>Rail train</b></col> <fld>(Iron &amp; Steel Manuf.)</fld>, <cd>a train of rolls in a rolling mill, for making rails for railroads from blooms or billets.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rail</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Railed</conjf> <pr>(r&amacr;ld)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Railing</conjf>.]</vmorph> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To inclose with rails or a railing.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>It ought to be fenced in and <qex>railed</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Ayliffe.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To range in a line.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>They were brought to London all <qex>railed</qex> in ropes, like a team of horses in a cart.</q> <rj><qau>Bacon.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rail</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>r&acirc;le</ets>, fr. <ets>r&acirc;ler</ets> to have a rattling in the throat; of German origin, and akin to E. <ets>rattle</ets>. See <er>Rattle</er>, <pos>v.</pos>]</ety> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>Any one of numerous species of limicoline birds of the family <fam>Rallid&aelig;</fam>, especially those of the genus <gen>Rallus</gen>, and of closely allied genera. They are prized as game birds.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><note>&hand_; The common European water rail (<spn>Rallus aquaticus</spn>) is called also <stype>bilcock</stype>, <stype>skitty coot</stype>, and <stype>brook runner</stype>. The best known American species are the clapper rail, or salt-marsh hen (<spn>Rallus longirostris</spn>, var. <varn>crepitans</varn>); the king, or red-breasted, rail (<spn>Rallus elegans</spn>) (called also <stype>fresh-water marshhen</stype>); the lesser clapper, or Virginia, rail (<spn>Rallus Virginianus</spn>); and the Carolina, or sora, rail (<spn>Porzana Carolina</spn>). See <er>Sora</er>.</note><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Land rail</b></col> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld>, <cd>the corncrake.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rail</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>railler</ets>; cf. Sp. <ets>rallar</ets> to grate, scrape, molest; perhaps fr. (assumed) LL. <ets>radiculare</ets>, fr. L. <ets>radere</ets> to scrape, grate.  Cf. <er>Rally</er> to banter, <er>Rase</er>.]</ety> <def>To use insolent and reproachful language; to utter reproaches; to scoff; -- followed by <ptcl>at</ptcl> or <ptcl>against</ptcl>, formerly by <ptcl>on</ptcl>.</def>  <rj><au>Shak.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>And <qex>rail</qex> at arts he did not understand.</q> <rj><qau>Dryden.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Lesbia forever on me <qex>rails</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Swift.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rail</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;l)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To rail at.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Feltham.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To move or influence by railing.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q><qex>Rail</qex> the seal from off my bond.</q> <rj><qau>Shak.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rail"er</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;l"&etilde_;r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who rails; one who scoffs, insults, censures, or reproaches with opprobrious language.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rail"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Expressing reproach; insulting.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Angels, which are greater in power and might, bring not <qex>railing</qex> accusation against them.</q> <rj><qau>2 Pet. ii. 11.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rail"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A barrier made of a rail or of rails, together with vertical supports.  The typical railing in the interior of structures or on porches has a horizontal rail near waist height, and multiple vertical supports.  Its function is usually to provide a safety barrier at the edge of a verticle drop to prevent falls.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source> <source>+PJC</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Rails in general; also, material for making rails.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rail"ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>With scoffing or insulting language.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rail"ler*y</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;l"l&etilde_;r*&ybreve_; <it>or</it> r&amacr;l"-; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>raillerie</ets>, fr. <ets>railler</ets>. See <er>Rail</er> to scoff.]</ety> <def>Pleasantry or slight satire; banter; jesting language; satirical merriment.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Let <qex>raillery</qex> be without malice or heat.</q> <rj><qau>B. Jonson.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Studies employed on low objects; the very naming of them is sufficient to turn them into <qex>raillery</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Addison.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>&Verbar;Rail`leur"</hw> <pr>(r&adot_;`ly&etilde_;r" <i>or</i> r&adot_;`y&etilde_;r")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A banterer; a jester; a mocker.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>  <rj><au>Wycherley.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><mhw>{ <hw>Rail"road`</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;l"r&omacr;d`)</pr>, <hw>Rail"way`</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;l"w&amacr;`)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A road or way consisting of one or more parallel series of iron or steel rails, patterned and adjusted to be tracks for the wheels of vehicles, and suitably supported on a bed or substructure.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><note>&hand_; The modern railroad is a development and adaptation of the older tramway.</note><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>The road, track, etc., with all the lands, buildings, rolling stock, franchises, etc., pertaining to them and constituting one property; <as>as, a certain <ex>railroad</ex> has been put into the hands of a receiver</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><note>&hand_; <xex>Railway</xex> is the commoner word in England; <xex>railroad</xex> the commoner word in the United States.</note><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><note>&hand_; In the following and similar phrases <xex>railroad</xex> and <xex>railway</xex> are used interchangeably: --</note><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><mcol><col><b>Atmospheric railway</b></col>, <col><b>Elevated railway</b></col></mcol>, <cd>etc. See under <er>Atmospheric</er>, <er>Elevated</er>, etc.</cd> -- <col><b>Cable railway</b></col>. <cd>See <cref>Cable road</cref>, under <er>Cable</er>.</cd> -- <col><b>Ferry railway</b></col>, <cd>a submerged track on which an elevated platform runs, for carrying a train of cars across a water course.</cd> -- <col><b>Gravity railway</b></col>, <cd>a railway, in a hilly country, on which the cars run by gravity down gentle slopes for long distances after having been hauled up steep inclines to an elevated point by stationary engines.</cd> -- <col><b>Railway brake</b></col>, <cd>a brake used in stopping railway cars or locomotives.</cd> -- <col><b>Railway car</b></col>, <cd>a large, heavy vehicle with flanged wheels fitted for running on a railway.</cd> <mark>[U.S.]</mark> -- <col><b>Railway carriage</b></col>, <cd>a railway passenger car.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col><b>Railway scale</b></col>, <cd>a platform scale bearing a track which forms part of the line of a railway, for weighing loaded cars.</cd> -- <col><b>Railway slide</b></col>. <cd>See <cref>Transfer table</cref>, under <er>Transfer</er>.</cd> -- <col><b>Railway spine</b></col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>an abnormal condition due to severe concussion of the spinal cord, such as occurs in railroad accidents. It is characterized by ataxia and other disturbances of muscular function, sensory disorders, pain in the back, impairment of general health, and cerebral disturbance, -- the symptoms often not developing till some months after the injury.</cd> -- <mcol><col><b>Underground railroad</b></col> <col><b>Underground railway</b></col></mcol>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A railroad or railway running through a tunnel, as beneath the streets of a city</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Formerly, a system of co&ouml;peration among certain active antislavery people in the <country>United States</country> prior to 1866, by which fugitive slaves were secretly helped to reach <country>Canada</country>.</cd>  <note>[In the latter sense <xex>railroad</xex>, and not <xex>railway</xex>, was usually used.]</note> &ldquo;Their house was a principal <xex>entrep&ocirc;t</xex> of the <xex>underground railroad</xex>.&rdquo; <au>W. D. Howells.</au></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rail"road`</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To carry or send by railroad; usually fig., to send or put through at high speed or in great haste; to hurry or rush unduly; <as>as, to <ex>railroad</ex> a bill through Condress</as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq., U. S.]</mark><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rail"road`ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The construction of a railroad; the business of managing or operating a railroad.</def> <mark>[Colloq. U. S.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rai"ment</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"m&eitalic_;nt)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Abbrev. fr. <ets>arraiment</ets>. See <er>Array</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Clothing in general; vesture; garments; -- usually singular in form, with a collective sense.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Living, both food and <qex>raiment</qex> she supplies.</q> <rj><qau>Dryden.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>An article of dress.</def> <mark>[R. or Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Sir P. Sidney.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rain</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;n)</pr>, <pos>n. &amp; v.</pos> <def>Reign.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Spenser.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rain</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>rein</ets>, AS. <ets>regen</ets>; akin to OFries. <ets>rein</ets>, D. &amp; G. <ets>regen</ets>, OS. &amp; OHG. <ets>regan</ets>, Icel., Dan., &amp; Sw. <ets>regn</ets>, Goth. <ets>rign</ets>, and prob. to L. <ets>rigare</ets> to water, to wet; cf. Gr. <grk>bre`chein</grk> to wet, to rain.]</ety> <def>Water falling in drops from the clouds; the descent of water from the clouds in drops.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q><qex>Rain</qex> is water by the heat of the sun divided into very small parts ascending in the air, till, encountering the cold, it be condensed into clouds, and descends in drops.</q> <rj><qau>Ray.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Fair days have oft contracted wind and <qex>rain</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Milton.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><note>&hand_; <xex>Rain</xex> is distinguished from <xex>mist</xex> by the size of the drops, which are distinctly visible. When water falls in very small drops or particles, it is called <xex>mist</xex>; and <xex>fog</xex> is composed of particles so fine as to be not only individually indistinguishable, but to float or be suspended in the air. See <er>Fog</er>, and <er>Mist</er>.</note><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Rain band</b></col> <fld>(Meteorol.)</fld>, <cd>a dark band in the yellow portion of the solar spectrum near the sodium line, caused by the presence of watery vapor in the atmosphere, and hence sometimes used in weather predictions.</cd> -- <col><b>Rain bird</b></col> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld>, <cd>the yaffle, or green woodpecker. <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark> The name is also applied to various other birds, as to <spn>Saurothera vetula</spn> of the West Indies.</cd> -- <col><b>Rain fowl</b></col> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld>, <cd>the channel-bill cuckoo (<spn>Scythrops Nov&aelig;-Hollandi&aelig;</spn>) of Australia.</cd> -- <col><b>Rain gauge</b></col>, <cd>an instrument of various forms for measuring the quantity of rain that falls at any given place in a given time; a pluviometer; an ombrometer.</cd> -- <col><b>Rain goose</b></col> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld>, <cd>the red-throated diver, or loon.</cd> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark> -- <col><b>Rain prints</b></col> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>, <cd>markings on the surfaces of stratified rocks, presenting an appearance similar to those made by rain on mud and sand, and believed to have been so produced.</cd> -- <col><b>Rain quail</b></col>. <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Quail</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 1.</cd> -- <col><b>Rain water</b></col>, <cd>water that has fallen from the clouds in rain.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rain</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Rained</conjf> <pr>(r&amacr;nd)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Raining</conjf>.]</vmorph> <ety>[AS. <ets>regnian</ets>, akin to G. <ets>regnen</ets>, Goth. <ets>rignjan</ets>. See <er>Rain</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To fall in drops from the clouds, as water; -- used mostly with <xex>it</xex> for a nominative; <as>as, it <ex>rains</ex></as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>The rain it <qex>raineth</qex> every day.</q> <rj><qau>Shak.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To fall or drop like water from the clouds; <as>as, tears <ex>rained</ex> from their eyes</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rain</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;n)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To pour or shower down from above, like rain from the clouds.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Then said the Lord unto Moses, Behold, I will <qex>rain</qex> bread from heaven for you.</q> <rj><qau>Ex. xvi. 4.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To bestow in a profuse or abundant manner; <as>as, to <ex>rain</ex> favors upon a person</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rain"bow`</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;n"b&omacr;`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>regenboga</ets>, akin to G. <ets>regenbogen</ets>. See <er>Rain</er>, and <er>Bow</er> anything bent.]</ety> <def>A bow or arch exhibiting, in concentric bands, the several colors of the spectrum, and formed in the part of the hemisphere opposite to the sun by the refraction and reflection of the sun's rays in drops of falling rain.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><note>&hand_; Besides the ordinary bow, called also <xex>primary rainbow</xex>, which is formed by two refractions and one reflection, there is also another often seen exterior to it, called the <xex>secondary rainbow</xex>, concentric with the first, and separated from it by a small interval. It is formed by two refractions and two reflections, is much fainter than the primary bow, and has its colors arranged in the reverse order from those of the latter.</note><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Lunar rainbow</b></col>, <cd>a fainter arch or rainbow, formed by the moon.</cd> -- <mcol><col><b>Marine rainbow</b></col>, <col><b>Sea bow</b></col></mcol>, <cd>a similar bow seen in the spray of waves at sea.</cd> -- <col><b>Rainbow trout</b></col> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld>, <cd>a bright-colored trout (<spn>Salmo irideus</spn>), native of the mountains of <state>California</state>, but now extensively introduced into the <geog>Eastern States</geog>,  <country>Japan</country>, and other countries; -- called also <altname>brook trout</altname>, <altname>mountain trout</altname>, and <altname>golden trout</altname>.</cd> -- <col><b>Rainbow wrasse</b></col>. <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Wrasse</er>.</cd> -- <col><b>Supernumerary rainbow</b></col>, <cd>a smaller bow, usually of red and green colors only, sometimes seen within the primary or without the secondary rainbow, and in contact with them.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rain"bowed`</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;n"b&omacr;d`)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Formed with or like a rainbow.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rain"deer`</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;n"d&emacr;r`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Reindeer</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rain"drop`</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;n"dr&obreve_;p`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A drop of rain.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rain"fall`</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;n"f&asuml_;l`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A fall or descent of rain; the water, or amount of water, that falls in rain; <as>as, the average annual <ex>rainfall</ex> of a region</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Supplied by the <qex>rainfall</qex> of the outer ranges of Sinchul and Singaleleh.</q> <rj><qau>Hooker.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rain"i*ness</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;n"&ibreve_;*n&ebreve_;s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state of being rainy.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rain"less</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;n"l&ebreve_;s)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Destitute of rain; <as>as, a <ex>rainless</ex> region</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rain"-tight`</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;n"t&imacr;t`)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>So tight as to exclude rain; <as>as, a <ex>rain-tight</ex> roof</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rain"y</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;n"&ybreve_;)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>regenig</ets>.]</ety> <def>Abounding with rain; wet; showery; <as>as, <ex>rainy</ex> weather; a <ex>rainy</ex> day or season</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Raip</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;p)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Icel. <ets>reip</ets> rope.  Cf. <er>Rope</er>.]</ety> <def>A rope; also, a measure equal to a rod.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rais</hw> <pr>(r&imacr;s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as 2d <er>Reis</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rais"a*ble</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;z"&adot_;*b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable of being raised.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Raise</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;z)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Raised</conjf> <pr>(r&amacr;zd)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Raising</conjf>.]</vmorph> <ety>[OE. <ets>reisen</ets>, Icel. <ets>reisa</ets>, causative of <ets>r&imacr;sa</ets> to rise. See <er>Rise</er>, and cf. <er>Rear</er> to raise.]</ety><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>1.</sn> <def>To cause to rise; to bring from a lower to a higher place; to lift upward; to elevate; to heave; <as>as, to <ex>raise</ex> a stone or weight</as>.</def> Hence, figuratively: --<br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sd>(a)</sd> <def>To bring to a higher condition or situation; to elevate in rank, dignity, and the like; to increase the value or estimation of; to promote; to exalt; to advance; to enhance; <as>as, to <ex>raise</ex> from a low estate; to <ex>raise</ex> to office; to <ex>raise</ex> the price, and the like</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>This gentleman came to be <qex>raised</qex> to great titles.</q> <rj><qau>Clarendon.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>The plate pieces of eight were <qex>raised</qex> three pence in the piece.</q> <rj><qau>Sir W. Temple.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sd>(b)</sd> <def>To increase the strength, vigor, or vehemence of; to excite; to intensify; to invigorate; to heighten; <as>as, to <ex>raise</ex> the pulse; to <ex>raise</ex> the voice; to <ex>raise</ex> the spirits or the courage; to <ex>raise</ex> the heat of a furnace</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sd>(c)</sd> <def>To elevate in degree according to some scale; <as>as, to <ex>raise</ex> the pitch of the voice; to <ex>raise</ex> the temperature of a room</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To cause to rise up, or assume an erect position or posture; to set up; to make upright; <as>as, to <ex>raise</ex> a mast or flagstaff</as>.</def> Hence: --<br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sd>(a)</sd> <def>To cause to spring up from a recumbent position, from a state of quiet, or the like; to awaken; to arouse.</def><br/>
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<p><q>They shall not awake, nor be <qex>raised</qex> out of their sleep.</q> <rj><qau>Job xiv. 12.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><sd>(b)</sd> <def>To rouse to action; to stir up; to incite to tumult, struggle, or war; to excite.</def><br/>
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<p><q>He commandeth, and <qex>raiseth</qex> the stormy wind.</q> <rj><qau>Ps. cvii. 25.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><q>&AElig;neas . . . employs his pains,<br/>
In parts remote, to <qex>raise</qex> the Tuscan swains.</q> <rj><qau>Dryden.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><sd>(c)</sd> <def>To bring up from the lower world; to call up, as a spirit from the world of spirits; to recall from death; to give life to.</def><br/>
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<p><q>Why should it be thought a thing incredible with you, that God should <qex>raise</qex> the dead ?</q> <rj><qau>Acts xxvi. 8.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>To cause to arise, grow up, or come into being or to appear; to give rise to; to originate, produce, cause, effect, or the like.</def> <specif>Hence, specifically: --</specif><br/>
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<p><sd>(a)</sd> <def>To form by the accumulation of materials or constituent parts; to build up; to erect; <as>as, to <ex>raise</ex> a lofty structure, a wall, a heap of stones</as>.</def><br/>
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<p><q>I will <qex>raise</qex> forts against thee.</q> <rj><qau>Isa. xxix. 3.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><sd>(b)</sd> <def>To bring together; to collect; to levy; to get together or obtain for use or service; <as>as, to <ex>raise</ex> money, troops, and the like</as>.</def> &ldquo;To <xex>raise</xex> up a rent.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Chaucer.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><sd>(c)</sd> <def>To cause to grow; to procure to be produced, bred, or propagated; to grow; <as>as, to <ex>raise</ex> corn, barley, hops, etc.; to<ex>raise</ex> cattle</as>.</def>  &ldquo;He <xex>raised</xex> sheep.&rdquo;  &ldquo;He <xex>raised</xex> wheat where none grew before.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Johnson's Dict.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><!-- p. 1186 pr=vmg --></p>

<p><note>&hand_; In some parts of the United States, notably in the Southern States, <xex>raise</xex> is also commonly applied to the rearing or bringing up of children.</note><br/>
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<p><q>I was <qex>raised</qex>, as they say in Virginia, among the mountains of the North.</q> <rj><qau>Paulding.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><sd>(d)</sd> <def>To bring into being; to produce; to cause to arise, come forth, or appear; -- often with <xex>up</xex>.</def><br/>
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<p><q>I will <qex>raise</qex> them up a prophet from among their brethren, like unto thee.</q> <rj><qau>Deut. xviii. 18.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><q>God vouchsafes to <qex>raise</qex> another world<br/>
From him [Noah], and all his anger to forget.</q> <rj><qau>Milton.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><sd>(e)</sd> <def>To give rise to; to set agoing; to occasion; to start; to originate; <as>as, to <ex>raise</ex> a smile or a blush</as>.</def><br/>
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<p><q>Thou shalt not <qex>raise</qex> a false report.</q> <rj><qau>Ex. xxiii. 1.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><sd>(f)</sd> <def>To give vent or utterance to; to utter; to strike up.</def><br/>
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<p><q>Soon as the prince appears, they <qex>raise</qex> a cry.</q> <rj><qau>Dryden.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><sd>(g)</sd> <def>To bring to notice; to submit for consideration; <as>as, to <ex>raise</ex> a point of order; to <ex>raise</ex> an objection</as>.</def><br/>
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<p><sn>4.</sn> <def>To cause to rise, as by the effect of leaven; to make light and spongy, as bread.</def><br/>
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<p><q>Miss Liddy can dance a jig, and <qex>raise</qex> paste.</q> <rj><qau>Spectator.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>To cause (the land or any other object) to seem higher by drawing nearer to it; <as>as, to <ex>raise</ex> Sandy Hook light</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>To let go; <as>as in the command, <ex>Raise</ex> tacks and sheets, <it>i. e.</it>, Let go tacks and sheets</as>.</def><br/>
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<p><sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To create or constitute; <as>as, to <ex>raise</ex> a use, that is, to create it</as>.</def>  <rj><au>Burrill.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><cs><col><b>To raise a blockade</b></col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>to remove or break up a blockade, either by withdrawing the ships or forces employed in enforcing it, or by driving them away or dispersing them.</cd> -- <mcol><col><b>To raise a check</b></col>, <col><b>note</b></col>, <col><b>bill of exchange</b></col></mcol>, <cd>etc., to increase fraudulently its nominal value by changing the writing, figures, or printing in which the sum payable is specified.</cd><!-- or money order --> -- <col><b>To raise a siege</b></col>, <cd>to relinquish an attempt to take a place by besieging it, or to cause the attempt to be relinquished.</cd> -- <col><b>To raise steam</b></col>, <cd>to produce steam of a required pressure.</cd> -- <col><b>To raise the wind</b></col>, <cd>to procure ready money by some temporary expedient.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <mcol><col><b>To raise Cain</b></col>, <it>or</it> <col><b>To raise the devil</b></col></mcol>, <cd>to cause a great disturbance; to make great trouble.</cd> <mark>[Slang]</mark></cs><br/>
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<p><syn><b>Syn.</b> -- To lift; exalt; elevate; erect; originate; cause; produce; grow; heighten; aggravate; excite.</syn><br/>
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<p><hw>Raised</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;zd)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Lifted up; showing above the surroundings; <as>as, <ex>raised</ex> or embossed metal work</as>.</def><br/>
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<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Leavened; made with leaven, or yeast; -- used of bread, cake, etc., as distinguished from that made with cream of tartar, soda, etc.  See <er>Raise</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>, 4.</def><br/>
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<p><cs><col><b>Raised beach</b></col>. <cd>See under <er>Beach</er>, <pos>n.</pos></cd></cs><br/>
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<p><hw>Rais"er</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;z"&etilde_;r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or that which, raises (in various senses of the verb).</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Rai"sin</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"z'n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>raisin</ets> grape, raisin, L. <ets>racemus</ets> cluster of grapes or berries; cf. Gr. <grk>"ra`x</grk>, <grk>"rago`s</grk>, berry, grape.  Cf. <er>Raceme</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A grape, or a bunch of grapes.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Cotgrave.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>A grape dried in the sun or by artificial heat.</def><br/>
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<p><cs><col><b>Raisin tree</b></col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the common red currant bush, whose fruit resembles the small raisins of Corinth called <prod>currants</prod>.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>  <rj><au>Dr. Prior.</au></rj></cs><br/>
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<p><hw>Rais"ing</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;z"&ibreve_;ng)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of lifting, setting up, elevating, exalting, producing, or restoring to life.</def><br/>
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<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Specifically, the operation or work of setting up the frame of a building; <as>as, to help at a <ex>raising</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark><!-- e.g., barn raising --><br/>
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<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>The operation of embossing sheet metal, or of forming it into cup-shaped or hollow articles, by hammering, stamping, or spinning.</def><br/>
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<p><cs><col><b>Raising bee</b></col>, <cd>a bee for raising the frame of a building. See <er>Bee</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 2.</cd> <mark>[U.S.]</mark> <au>W. Irving.</au> -- <col><b>Raising hammer</b></col>, <cd>a hammer with a rounded face, used in raising sheet metal.</cd> -- <col><b>Raising plate</b></col> <fld>(Carp.)</fld>, <cd>the plate, or longitudinal timber, on which a roof is raised and rests.</cd></cs><br/>
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<p><hw>&Verbar;Rai`son`n&eacute;"</hw> <pr>(r&auptack_;`z&ouptack_;`n&auptack_;")</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>raisonn&eacute;</ets>, p. p. of <ets>raisonner</ets> to reason.]</ety> <def>Arranged systematically, or according to classes or subjects; <as>as, a catalogue <ex>raisonn&eacute;</ex></as>. See under <er>Catalogue</er>.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Rai"vel</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"v&eitalic_;l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Weaving)</fld> <def>A separator.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark><br/>
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<p><hw>&Verbar;Raj</hw> <pr>(r&auml;j)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Rajah</er>.]</ety> <def>Reign; rule.</def> <mark>[India]</mark><br/>
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<p><hw>&Verbar;Ra"ja</hw> <pr>(r&auml;"j&auml; <i>or</i> r&amacr;"j&adot_;)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as <er>Rajah</er>.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Ra"jah</hw> <pr>(r&auml;"j&auml; <i>or</i> r&amacr;"j&adot_;)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Hind. <ets>r&amacr;j&amacr;</ets>, Skr. <ets>r&amacr;jan</ets>, akin to L. <ets>rex</ets>, <ets>regis</ets>. See <er>Regal</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <def>A native prince or king; also, a landholder or person of importance in the agricultural districts.</def> <mark>[India]</mark><br/>
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<p><hw>Ra"jah*ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The office or dignity of a rajah.</def><br/>
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<p><mhw>{ <hw>&Verbar;Raj`poot"</hw>, <hw>&Verbar;Raj`put"</hw>  }</mhw> <pr>(r&auml;j`p&oomacr_;t")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Hind. <ets>r&amacr;j-p&umacr;t</ets>, Skr. <ets>r&amacr;ja-putra</ets> king's son.]</ety> <def>A Hindoo of the second, or royal and military, caste; a Kshatriya; especially, an inhabitant of the country of Rajpootana, in northern central India.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Rake</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;k)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>race</ets>; akin to OD. <ets>rake</ets>, D. <ets>reek</ets>, OHG. <ets>rehho</ets>, G. <ets>rechen</ets>, Icel. <ets>reka</ets> a shovel, and to Goth. <ets>rikan</ets> to heap up, collect, and perhaps to Gr. <grk>'ore`gein</grk> to stretch out, and E. <ets>rack</ets> to stretch.  Cf. <er>Reckon</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An implement consisting of a headpiece having teeth, and a long handle at right angles to it, -- used for collecting hay, or other light things which are spread over a large surface, or for breaking and smoothing the earth.</def><br/>
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<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>A toothed machine drawn by a horse, -- used for collecting hay or grain; a horserake.</def><br/>
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<p><sn>3.</sn> <ety>[Perhaps a different word.]</ety> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A fissure or mineral vein traversing the strata vertically, or nearly so; -- called also <altname>rake-vein</altname>.</def><br/>
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<p><cs><col><b>Gill rakes</b></col>. <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <cd>See under 1st <er>Gill</er>.</cd></cs><br/>
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<p><hw>Rake</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Raked</conjf> <pr>(r&amacr;kt)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Raking</conjf>.]</vmorph> <ety>[AS. <ets>racian</ets>. See 1st <er>Rake</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To collect with a rake; <as>as, to <ex>rake</ex> hay</as>; -- often with <ptcl>up</ptcl>; <as>as, he <ex>raked</ex> up the fallen leaves</as>.</def><br/>
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<p><sn>2.</sn> Hence: <def>To collect or draw together with laborious industry; to gather from a wide space; to scrape together; <as>as, to <ex>rake</ex> together wealth; to <ex>rake</ex> together slanderous tales; to <ex>rake</ex> together the rabble of a town.</as></def><br/>
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<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>To pass a rake over; to scrape or scratch with a rake for the purpose of collecting and clearing off something, or for stirring up the soil; <as>as, to <ex>rake</ex> a lawn; to <ex>rake</ex> a flower bed.</as></def><br/>
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<p><sn>4.</sn> <def>To search through; to scour; to ransack.</def><br/>
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<p><q>The statesman <qex>rakes</qex> the town to find a plot.</q> <rj><qau>Swift.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><sn>5.</sn> <def>To scrape or scratch across; to pass over quickly and lightly, as a rake does.</def><br/>
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<p><q>Like clouds that <qex>rake</qex> the mountain summits.</q> <rj><qau>Wordsworth.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>To enfilade; to fire in a direction with the length of; in naval engagements, to cannonade, as a ship, on the stern or head so that the balls range the whole length of the deck.</def><br/>
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<p><cs><col><b>To rake up</b></col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To collect together, as the fire (live coals), and cover with ashes</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To bring up; to search out and bring to notice again; <as>as, <ex>to rake up</ex> old scandals</as>.</cd></cs><br/>
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<p><hw>Rake</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;k)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To use a rake, as for searching or for collecting; to scrape; to search minutely.</def><br/>
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<p><q>One is for <qex>raking</qex> in Chaucer for antiquated words.</q> <rj><qau>Dryden.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To pass with violence or rapidity; to scrape along.</def><br/>
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<p><q>Pas could not stay, but over him did <qex>rake</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Sir P. Sidney.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Rake</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. dial. Sw. <ets>raka</ets> to reach, and E. <ets>reach</ets>.]</ety> <def>The inclination of anything from a perpendicular direction; <as>as, the <ex>rake</ex> of a roof, a staircase, etc.</as></def>; especially <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <def>the inclination of a mast or funnel, or, in general, of any part of a vessel not perpendicular to the keel.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Rake</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To incline from a perpendicular direction; <as>as, a mast <ex>rakes</ex> aft</as>.</def><br/>
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<p><cs><col><b>Raking course</b></col> <fld>(Bricklaying)</fld>, <cd>a course of bricks laid diagonally between the face courses in a thick wall, to strengthen it.</cd></cs><br/>
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<p><hw>Rake</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>rakel</ets> rash; cf. Icel. <ets>reikall</ets> wandering, unsettled, <ets>reika</ets> to wander.]</ety> <def>A loose, disorderly, vicious man; a person addicted to lewdness and other scandalous vices; a debauchee; a rou&eacute;.</def><br/>
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<p><q>An illiterate and frivolous old <qex>rake</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Macaulay.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Rake</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <ety>[Icel. <ets>reika</ets>.  Cf. <er>Rake</er> a debauchee.]</ety> <def>To walk about; to gad or ramble idly.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark><br/>
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<p><sn>2.</sn> <ety>[See <er>Rake</er> a debauchee.]</ety> <def>To act the rake; to lead a dissolute, debauched life.</def>  <rj><au>Shenstone.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><cs><col><b>To rake out</b></col> <fld>(Falconry)</fld>, <cd>to fly too far and wide from its master while hovering above waiting till the game is sprung; -- said of the hawk.</cd>  <rj><au>Encyc. Brit.</au></rj></cs><br/>
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<p><hw>Rake"hell`</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;k"h&ebreve_;l`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Rakel</er>.]</ety> <def>A lewd, dissolute fellow; a debauchee; a rake.</def><br/>
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<p><q>It seldom doth happen, in any way of life, that a sluggard and a <qex>rakehell</qex> do not go together.</q> <rj><qau>Barrow.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><mhw>{ <hw>Rake"hell`</hw>, <hw>Rake"hell`y</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;k"h&ebreve_;l`&ybreve_;)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <def>Dissolute; wild; lewd; rakish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Spenser. B. Jonson.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Ra"kel</hw> <pr>(r&auml;"k&ebreve_;l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE. See <er>Rake</er> a debauchee.]</ety> <def>Hasty; reckless; rash.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <au>Chaucer.</au> -- <wordforms><wf>Ra"kel*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>  <rj><au>Chaucer.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Rak"er</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;k"&etilde_;r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See 1st <er>Rake</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who, or that which, rakes</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A person who uses a rake.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A machine for raking grain or hay by horse or other power.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A gun so placed as to rake an enemy's ship.</def><br/>
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<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>See <cref>Gill rakers</cref>, under 1st <er>Gill</er>.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Rak"er*y</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;k"&etilde_;r*&ybreve_;)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Debauchery; lewdness.</def><br/>
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<p><q>The <qex>rakery</qex> and intrigues of the lewd town.</q> <rj><qau>R. North.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Rake"shame`</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;k"sh&amacr;m`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. <er>Rakehell</er>, <er>Ragabash</er>.]</ety> <def>A vile, dissolute wretch.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Milton.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Rake"stale`</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;k"st&amacr;l`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[<ets>Rake</ets> the instrument + <ets>stale</ets> a handle.]</ety> <def>The handle of a rake.</def><br/>
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<p><q>That tale is not worth a <qex>rakestele</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Chaucer.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Rake"-vein`</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;k"v&amacr;n`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See <er>Rake</er>, a mineral vein.</def><br/>
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<p><mhw>{ <hw>&Verbar;Ra`ki"</hw>, <hw>&Verbar;Ra`kee"</hw>  }</mhw> <pr>(r&adot_;`k&emacr;"; r&abreve;k"&euptack_;)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Turk. <ets>r&amacr;q&imacr;</ets> arrack.]</ety> <def>A kind of <isa>ardent spirits</isa> used in southern Europe and the East, distilled from grape juice, grain, etc.</def><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rak"ing</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;k"&ibreve_;ng)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act or process of using a rake; the going over a space with a rake.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>A space gone over with a rake; also, the work done, or the quantity of hay, grain, etc., collected, by going once over a space with a rake.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rak"ish</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;k"&ibreve_;sh)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Dissolute; lewd; debauched.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>The arduous task of converting a <qex>rakish</qex> lover.</q> <rj><qau>Macaulay.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rak"ish</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;k"&ibreve_;sh)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Having a saucy appearance indicative of speed and dash.</def>  <rj><au>Ham. Nav. Encyc.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rak"ish*ly</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;k"&ibreve_;sh*l&ybreve_;)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a rakish manner.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rak"ish*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state of being rakish.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>&Verbar;Ra"ku ware`</hw> <pr>(r&auml;"k&oomacr_; w&acirc;r`)</pr>. <def>A kind of earthenware made in Japan, resembling Satsuma ware, but having a paler color.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>&Verbar;R&acirc;le</hw> <pr>(r&auml;l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>r&acirc;le</ets>.  Cf. <er>Rail</er> the bird.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An adventitious sound, usually of morbid origin, accompanying the normal respiratory sounds. See <er>Rhonchus</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><note>&hand_; Various kinds are distinguished by pathologists; differing in intensity, as loud and small; in quality, as moist, dry, clicking, whistling, and sonorous; and in origin, as tracheal, pulmonary, and pleural.</note><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>&Verbar;Ral`len*tan"do</hw> <pr>(r&auml;l`l&ebreve_;n*t&auml;n"d&ouptack_;)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[It.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Slackening; -- a direction to perform a passage with a gradual decrease in time and force; ritardando.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ral"li*ance</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;l"l&ibreve_;*&aitalic_;ns)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>raliance</ets>. See <er>Rally</er> to reunite.]</ety> <def>The act of rallying.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ral"li*er</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;l"l&ibreve_;*&etilde_;r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who rallies.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>&Verbar;Ral"li&eacute;s"</hw> <pr>(r&adot_;l`y&amacr;")</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[F., p. p. pl. See <er>Rally</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <def>A French political group, also known as the Constitutional Right from its position in the Chambers, mainly monarchists who rallied to the support of the Republic in obedience to the encyclical put forth by <person>Pope Leo XIII.</person> in Feb., 1892.</def><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ral"line</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;l"l&imacr;n)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the rails.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ral"ly</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;l"l&ybreve_;)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Rallied</conjf> <pr>(r&abreve;l"l&ibreve_;d)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Rallying</conjf>.]</vmorph> <ety>[OF. <ets>ralier</ets>, F. <ets>rallier</ets>, fr. L. pref. <ets>re-</ets> + <ets>ad</ets> + <ets>ligare</ets> to bind. See <er>Ra-</er>, and 1st <er>Ally</er>.]</ety> <def>To collect, and reduce to order, as troops dispersed or thrown into confusion; to gather again; to reunite.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ral"ly</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To come into orderly arrangement; to renew order, or united effort, as troops scattered or put to flight; to assemble; to unite.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>The Grecians <qex>rally</qex>, and their powers unite.</q> <rj><qau>Dryden.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Innumerable parts of matter chanced just then to <qex>rally</qex> together, and to form themselves into this new world.</q> <rj><qau>Tillotson.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To collect one's vital powers or forces; to regain health or consciousness; to recuperate.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>To recover strength after a decline in prices; -- said of the market, stocks, etc.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ral"ly</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu><it>pl.</it> <plw>Rallies</plw> <pr>(r&abreve;l"l&ibreve_;z)</pr>.</plu> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act or process of rallying (in any of the senses of that word).</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>A political mass meeting.</def> <mark>[Colloq. U. S.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ral"ly</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>railler</ets>. See <er>Rail</er> to scoff.]</ety> <def>To attack with raillery, either in good humor and pleasantry, or with slight contempt or satire.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Honeycomb . . . <qex>rallies</qex> me upon a country life.</q> <rj><qau>Addison.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Strephon had long confessed his amorous pain,<br/>
Which gay Corinna <qex>rallied</qex> with disdain.</q> <rj><qau>Gay.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><syn><b>Syn.</b> -- To banter; ridicule; satirize; deride; mock.</syn><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ral"ly</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;l"l&ybreve_;)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To use pleasantry, or satirical merriment.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ral"ly</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Good-humored raillery.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ralph</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;lf)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A name sometimes given to the raven.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ral"ston*ite</hw> <pr>(r&asuml_;l"st&ubreve;n*&imacr;t)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[So named after <person>J. G. <etsep>Ralston</etsep></person> of Norristown, Penn.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A fluoride of alumina and soda occurring with the Greenland cryolite in octahedral crystals.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ram</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;m)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>ramm</ets>, <ets>ram</ets>; akin to OHG. &amp; D. <ets>ram</ets>, Prov. G. <ets>ramm</ets>, and perh. to Icel. <ets>ramr</ets> strong.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The male of the sheep and allied animals. In some parts of England a ram is called a <altname>tup</altname>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Aries, the sign of the zodiac which the sun enters about the 21st of March.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The constellation Aries, which does not now, as formerly, occupy the sign of the same name.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>An engine of war used for butting or battering.</def> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>In ancient warfare, a long beam suspended by slings in a framework, and used for battering the walls of cities; a battering-ram.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A heavy steel or iron beak attached to the prow of a steam war vessel for piercing or cutting down the vessel of an enemy; also, a vessel carrying such a beak.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>4.</sn> <def>A hydraulic ram. See under <er>Hydraulic</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>5.</sn> <def>The weight which strikes the blow, in a pile driver, steam hammer, stamp mill, or the like.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>6.</sn> <def>The plunger of a hydraulic press.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Ram's horn</b></col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <cd>A low semicircular work situated in and commanding a ditch</cd>. <altsp>[Written also <asp>ramshorn</asp>.]</altsp> <au>Farrow.</au> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <cd>An ammonite.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ram</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Rammed</conjf> <pr>(r&abreve;md)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Ramming</conjf>.]</vmorph> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To butt or strike against; to drive a ram against or through; to thrust or drive with violence; to force in; to drive together; to cram; <as>as, to <ex>ram</ex> an enemy's vessel; to <ex>ram</ex> piles, cartridges, etc.</as></def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>[They] <qex>rammed</qex> me in with foul shirts, and smocks, socks, foul stockings, greasy napkins.</q> <rj><qau>Shak.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To fill or compact by pounding or driving.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>A ditch . . . was filled with some sound materials, and <qex>rammed</qex> to make the foundation solid.</q> <rj><qau>Arbuthnot.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>&Verbar;Ram`a*dan"</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;m`&adot_;*d&abreve;n")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Ar. <ets>rama&dsdot_;&amacr;n</ets>, or <ets>ramaz&amacr;n</ets>, properly, the hot month.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Ramadhan</asp>, <asp>Ramadzan</asp>, and <asp>Rhamadan</asp>.]</altsp> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The ninth Mohammedan month.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>The great annual fast of the Mohammedans, kept during daylight through the ninth month.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ram"age</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;m"&auptack_;j; 48)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>ramus</ets> a branch.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Boughs or branches.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Crabb.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Warbling of birds in trees.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Drummond.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra*mage"</hw> <pr>(r&adot_;*m&amacr;j")</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Wild; untamed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra*ma"gi*ous</hw> <pr>(r&adot_;*m&amacr;"j&ibreve_;*&ubreve;s)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Wild; not tame.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Now is he tame that was so <qex>ramagious</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Remedy of Love.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra"mal</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"m&aitalic_;l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>ramus</ets> branch.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a ramus, or branch; rameal.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>&Verbar;Ra*ma"ya*na</hw> <pr>(r&auml;*m&auml;"y&adot_;*n&adot_;)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Skr. <ets>R&amacr;m&amacr;ya&nsdot_;a</ets>.]</ety> <def>The more ancient of the two great epic poems in Sanskrit.  The hero and heroine are <persfn>Rama</persfn> and his wife <persfn>Sita</persfn>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ram"berge</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;m"b&etilde_;rj)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>rame</ets> oar + <ets>barge</ets> barge.]</ety> <def>Formerly, a kind of large war galley.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ram"ble</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;m"b'l)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Rambled</conjf> <pr>(r&abreve;m"b'ld)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Rambling</conjf> <pr>(r&abreve;m"bl&ibreve_;ng)</pr>.]</vmorph> <ety>[For <ets>rammle</ets>, fr. Prov. E. <ets>rame</ets> to roam.  Cf. <er>Roam</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To walk, ride, or sail, from place to place, without any determinate object in view; to roam carelessly or irregularly; to rove; to wander; <as>as, to <ex>ramble</ex> about the city; to <ex>ramble</ex> over the world.</as></def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>He that is at liberty to <qex>ramble</qex> in perfect darkness, what is his liberty better than if driven up and down as a bubble by the wind?</q> <rj><qau>Locke.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To talk or write in a discursive, aimless way.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>To extend or grow at random.</def>  <rj><au>Thomson.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><syn><b>Syn.</b> -- To rove; roam; wander; range; stroll.</syn><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ram"ble</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A going or moving from place to place without any determinate business or object; an excursion or stroll merely for recreation.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Coming home, after a short Christmas <qex>ramble</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Swift.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <ety>[Cf. <er>Rammel</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Coal Mining)</fld> <def>A bed of shale over the seam.</def>  <rj><au>Raymond.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>A section of woods suitable for leisurely walking.</def><br/>
[<source>PJC</source>]</p>

<p><sn>4.</sn> <def>a type of dance; <as>as, the Muskrat <ex>ramble</ex></as>.</def><br/>
[<source>PJC</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ram"bler</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;m"bl&etilde_;r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who rambles; a rover; a wanderer.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ram"bling</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;m"bl&ibreve_;ng)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Roving; wandering; discursive; <as>as, a <ex>rambling</ex> fellow, talk, or building</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ram"bling*ly</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;m"bl&ibreve_;ng*l&ybreve_;)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a rambling manner.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ram"booze</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;m"b&oomacr_;z)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A beverage made of wine, ale (or milk), sugar, etc.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Blount.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ram*bu"tan</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;m*b&oomacr_;"t&abreve;n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Malay <ets>ramb&umacr;tan</ets>, fr. <ets>rambut</ets> hair of the head.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A Malayan fruit produced by the tree <spn>Nephelium lappaceum</spn>, and closely related to the litchi nut. It is bright red, oval in shape, covered with coarse hairs (whence the name), and contains a pleasant acid pulp. Called also <altname>ramboostan</altname>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra"me*al</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"m&euptack_;*&aitalic_;l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Same as <er>Ramal</er>.</def>  <rj><au>Gray.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra"me*an</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"m&euptack_;*&aitalic_;n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A Ramist.</def>  <rj><au>Shipley.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ramed</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;md)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having the frames, stem, and sternpost adjusted; -- said of a ship on the stocks.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ram"ee</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;m"&euptack_;)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Ramie</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ram"e*kin</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;m"&euptack_;*k&ibreve_;n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>same as <er>Ramequin</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ram"ent</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;m"&eitalic_;nt)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>ramenta</ets>, pl.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A scraping; a shaving.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Ramenta.</def></p>

<p><hw>&Verbar;Ra*men"ta</hw> <pr>(r&adot_;*m&ebreve_;n"t&adot_;)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[L., scrapings.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Thin brownish chaffy scales upon the leaves or young shoots of some plants, especially upon the petioles and leaves of ferns.</def>  <rj><au>Gray.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><!-- p. 1187 pr=vmg --></p>

<p><hw>Ram`en*ta"ceous</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;m`&ebreve_;n*t&amacr;"sh&ubreve;s)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Covered with ramenta.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra"me*ous</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"m&euptack_;*&ubreve;s)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>rameus</ets>, from <ets>ramus</ets> branch, bough.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Ramal.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ram"e*quin</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;m"&euptack_;*k&ibreve_;n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Cookery)</fld> <def>A mixture of cheese, eggs, etc., formed in a mold, or served on bread.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>ramekin</asp>.]</altsp><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>The porcelian or earthen mold in which ramequins are baked and served, by extension, any dish so used.</def><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ram"ie</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;m"&euptack_;)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From Malay.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The grasscloth plant (<spn>B&oelig;hmeria nivea</spn>); also, its fiber, which is very fine and exceedingly strong; -- called also <altname>China grass</altname>, and <altname>rhea</altname>. See <cref>Grass-cloth plant</cref>, under <er>Grass</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ram`i*fi*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;m`&ibreve_;*f&ibreve_;*k&amacr;"sh&ubreve;n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>ramification</ets>. See <er>Ramify</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The process of branching, or the development of branches or offshoots from a stem; also, the mode of their arrangement.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>A small branch or offshoot proceeding from a main stock or channel; <as>as, the <ex>ramifications</ex> of an artery, vein, or nerve</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>A division into principal and subordinate classes, heads, or departments; also, one of the subordinate parts; <as>as, the <ex>ramifications</ex> of a subject or scheme</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>4.</sn> <def>The production of branchlike figures.</def>  <rj><au>Crabb.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ram`i*flo"rous</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;m`&ibreve_;*fl&omacr;"r&ubreve;s)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>ramus</ets> branch + <ets>flos</ets>, <ets>floris</ets>, flower.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Flowering on the branches.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ram"i*form</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;m"&ibreve_;*f&ocirc;rm)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>ramus</ets> branch + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the form of a branch.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ram"i*fy</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;m"&ibreve_;*f&imacr;)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Ramified</conjf> <pr>(-f&imacr;d)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Ramifying</conjf> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</vmorph> <ety>[F. <ets>ramifier</ets>, LL. <ets>ramificare</ets>, fr. L. <ets>ramus</ets> a branch + <ets>-ficare</ets> (in comp.) to make. See <er>-fy</er>.]</ety> <def>To divide into branches or subdivisions; <as>as, to <ex>ramify</ex> an art, subject, scheme</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ram"i*fy</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To shoot, or divide, into branches or subdivisions, as the stem of a plant.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>When they [asparagus plants] . . . begin to <qex>ramify</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Arbuthnot.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To be divided or subdivided, as a main subject.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra*mig"er*ous</hw> <pr>(r&adot_;*m&ibreve_;j"&etilde_;r*&ubreve;s)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>ramus</ets> a branch + <ets>-gerous</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Bearing branches; branched.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra*mip"a*rous</hw> <pr>(r&adot_;*m&ibreve_;p"&adot_;*r&ubreve;s)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>ramus + parere</ets> to bear.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Producing branches; ramigerous.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra"mist</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"m&ibreve_;st)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A follower of <person>Pierre <etsep>Ram&eacute;</etsep></person>, better known as <person><it>Ramus</it></person>, a celebrated French scholar, who was professor of rhetoric and philosophy at Paris in the reign of <person>Henry II.</person>, and opposed the Aristotelians.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ram"line</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;m"l&ibreve_;n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A line used to get a straight middle line, as on a spar, or from stem to stern in building a vessel.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ram"mel</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;m"m&ebreve_;l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Refuse matter.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Filled with any rubbish, <qex>rammel</qex> and broken stones.</q> <rj><qau>Holland.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ram"mer</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;m"m&etilde_;r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or that which, rams or drives.</def> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An instrument for driving anything with force; <as>as, a <ex>rammer</ex> for driving stones or piles, or for beating the earth to more solidity</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A rod for forcing down the charge of a gun; a ramrod.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Founding)</fld> <def>An implement for pounding the sand of a mold to render it compact.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ram"mish</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;m"m&ibreve_;sh)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like a ram; hence, rank; lascivious.</def> &ldquo;Their savor is so <xex>rammish</xex>.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Chaucer.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ram"mish*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of being rammish.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ram"my</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;m"m&ybreve_;)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like a ram; rammish.</def>  <rj><au>Burton.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ram`ol*les"cence</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;m`&obreve_;l*l&ebreve_;s"s&eitalic_;ns)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>ramollir</ets> to make soft, to soften; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>amollir</ets> to soften; <ets>a</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + <ets>mollir</ets> to soften, L. <ets>mollire</ets>, fr. <ets>mollis</ets> soft.]</ety> <def>A softening or mollifying.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra*moon"</hw> <pr>(r&adot_;*m&oomacr_;n")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A small West Indian tree (<spn>Trophis Americana</spn>) of the Mulberry family, whose leaves and twigs are used as fodder for cattle.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra*mose"</hw> <pr>(r&adot_;*m&omacr;s")</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>ramosus</ets>, from <ets>ramus</ets> a branch.]</ety> <def>Branched, as the stem or root of a plant; having lateral divisions; consisting of, or having, branches; full of branches; ramifying; branching; branchy.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra"mous</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"m&ubreve;s)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Ramose.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ramp</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;mp)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Ramped</conjf> <pr>(r&abreve;mt; 215)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Ramping</conjf>.]</vmorph> <ety>[F. <ets>ramper</ets> to creep, OF., to climb; of German origin; cf. G. <ets>raffen</ets> to snatch, LG. &amp; D. <ets>rapen</ets>. See <er>Rap</er> to snatch, and cf. <er>Romp</er>.]</ety><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>1.</sn> <def>To spring; to leap; to bound; to rear; to prance; to become rampant; hence, to frolic; to romp.</def><br/>
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<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To move by leaps, or as by leaps; hence, to move swiftly or with violence.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Their bridles they would champ,<br/>
And trampling the fine element would fiercely <qex>ramp</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Spenser.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>To climb, as a plant; to creep up.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>With claspers and tendrils, they [plants] catch hold, . . . and so <qex>ramping</qex> upon trees, they mount up to a great height.</q> <rj><qau>Ray.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ramp</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A leap; a spring; a hostile advance.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>The bold Ascalonite<br/>
Fled from his lion <qex>ramp</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Milton.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>A highwayman; a robber.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>A romping woman; a prostitute.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Lyly.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>4.</sn> <ety>[F. <ets>rampe</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Any sloping member, other than a purely constructional one, such as a continuous parapet to a staircase.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A short bend, slope, or curve, where a hand rail or cap changes its direction.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>5.</sn> <ety>[F. <ets>rampe</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>An inclined plane serving as a communication between different interior levels.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ram*pa"cious</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;m*p&amacr;"sh&ubreve;s)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>High-spirited; rampageous.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>  <rj><au>Dickens.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ramp"age</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;mp"&auptack_;j; 48)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Ramp</er>, <pos>v.</pos>]</ety> <def>Violent or riotous behavior; a state of excitement, passion, or debauchery; <as>as, to be on the <ex>rampage</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[Prov. or Low]</mark>  <rj><au>Dickens.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ramp"age</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To leap or prance about, as an animal; to be violent; to rage.</def> <mark>[Prov. or Low]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ram*pa"geous</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;m*p&amacr;"j&ubreve;s)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Characterized by violence and passion; unruly; rampant.</def> <mark>[Prov. or Low]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>In the primitive ages of a <qex>rampageous</qex> antiquity.</q> <rj><qau>Galt.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ram*pal"lian</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;m*p&abreve;l"y&aitalic_;n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. <ets>ramp</ets> a prostitute, or <ets>rabble</ets>.]</ety> <def>A mean wretch.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Shak.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ramp"an*cy</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;mp"&aitalic_;n*s&ybreve_;)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state of being rampant; excessive action or development; exuberance; extravagance.</def> &ldquo;They are come to this height and <xex>rampancy</xex> of vice.&rdquo;  <rj><au>South.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ramp"ant</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;mp"&aitalic_;nt)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F., p. pr. of <ets>ramper</ets> to creep. See <er>Ramp</er>, <pos>v.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Ramping; leaping; springing; rearing upon the hind legs; hence, raging; furious.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>The fierce lion in his kind<br/>
Which goeth <qex>rampant</qex> after his prey.</q> <rj><qau>Gower.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>[The] lion . . . <qex>rampant</qex> shakes his brinded mane.</q> <rj><qau>Milton.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Ascending; climbing; rank in growth; exuberant.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>The <qex>rampant</qex> stalk is of unusual altitude.</q> <rj><qau>I. Taylor.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Rising with fore paws in the air as if attacking; -- said of a beast of prey, especially a lion. The right fore leg and right hind leg should be raised higher than the left.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Rampant arch</b></col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>An arch which has one abutment higher than the other</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Same as <cref>Rampant vault</cref>, below.</cd> -- <col><b>Rampant gardant</b></col> <fld>(Her.)</fld>, <cd>rampant, but with the face turned to the front.</cd> -- <col><b>Rampant regardant</b></col>, <cd>rampant, but looking backward.</cd> -- <col><b>Rampant vault</b></col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a continuous wagon vault, or cradle vault, whose two abutments are located on an inclined plane, such as the vault supporting a stairway, or forming the ceiling of a stairway.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ramp"ant*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a rampant manner.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ram"part</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;m"p&auml;rt)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>rempart</ets>, OF. <ets>rempar</ets>, fr. <ets>remparer</ets> to fortify, <ets>se remparer</ets> to fence or intrench one's self; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + pref. <ets>en-</ets> (L. <ets>in</ets>) + <ets>parer</ets> to defend, parry, prepare, L. <ets>parare</ets> to prepare. See <er>Pare</er>.]</ety><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>1.</sn> <def>That which fortifies and defends from assault; that which secures safety; a defense or bulwark.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>A broad embankment of earth round a place, upon which the parapet is raised. It forms the substratum of every permanent fortification.</def>  <rj><au>Mahan.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><syn><b>Syn.</b> -- Bulwark; fence; security; guard.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Rampart</er>, <er>Bulwark</er>. These words were formerly interchanged; but in modern usage a distinction has sprung up between them. The <xex>rampart</xex> of a fortified place is the enceinte or entire main embankment or wall which surrounds it. The term <xex>bulwark</xex> is now applied to peculiarly strong outworks which project for the defense of the <xex>rampart</xex>, or main work. A single bastion is a <xex>bulwark</xex>. In using these words figuratively, <xex>rampart</xex> is properly applied to that which protects by walling out; <xex>bulwark</xex> to that which stands in the forefront of danger, to meet and repel it. Hence, we speak of a distinguished individual as the <xex>bulwark</xex>, not the <xex>rampart</xex>, of the state. This distinction, however, is often disregarded.</usage><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ram"part</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Ramparted</conjf>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Ramparting</conjf>.]</vmorph> <def>To surround or protect with, or as with, a rampart or ramparts.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Those grassy hills, those glittering dells,<br/>
Proudly <qex>ramparted</qex> with rocks.</q> <rj><qau>Coleridge.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Rampart gun</b></col> <fld>(Fort.)</fld>, <cd>a cannon or large gun for use on a rampart and not as a fieldpiece.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rampe</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;mp)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[In allusion to its supposed aphrodisiac qualities. See <er>Ramp</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The cuckoopint.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ram"pier</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;m"p&emacr;r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See <er>Rampart</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ram"pi*on</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;m"p&ibreve_;*&ubreve;n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>raiponce</ets>, Sp. <ets>ruiponce</ets>, <ets>reponche</ets>, L. <ets>raperonzo</ets>, NL. <ets>rapuntium</ets>, fr. L. <ets>rapum</ets>, <ets>rapa</ets>, a turnip, rape.  Cf. <er>Rape</er> a plant.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant (<spn>Campanula Rapunculus</spn>) of the Bellflower family, with a tuberous esculent root; -- also called <altname>ramps</altname>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><note>&hand_; The name is sometimes given to plants of the genus <gen>Phyteuma</gen>, herbs of the Bellflower family, and to the American evening primrose (<spn>&OElig;nothera biennis</spn>), which has run wild in some parts of Europe.</note><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ram"pire</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;m"p&imacr;r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A rampart.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>The Trojans round the place a <qex>rampire</qex> cast.</q> <rj><qau>Dryden.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ram"pire</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To fortify with a rampire; to form into a rampire.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark> <au>Chapman.</au> &ldquo;<xex>Rampired</xex> walls of gold.&rdquo;  <rj><au>R. Browning.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ram"pler</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;m"pl&etilde_;r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A rambler.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ram"pler</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Roving; rambling.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ram"rod`</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;m"r&obreve_;d`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The rod used in ramming home the charge in a muzzle-loading firearm.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ram"shac*kle</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;m"sh&abreve;k*k'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <def>Loose; disjointed; falling to pieces; out of repair.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>There came . . . my lord the cardinal, in his <qex>ramshackle</qex> coach.</q> <rj><qau>Thackeray.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ram"shac*kle</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To search or ransack; to rummage.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ram"son</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;m"z'n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>hramsan</ets>, pl., akin to G. <ets>rams</ets>, Sw. <ets>rams</ets>, <ets>rams</ets>l&ouml;k; cf. Gr. <grk>kro`myon</grk> onion.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A broad-leaved species of garlic (<spn>Allium ursinum</spn>), common in European gardens; -- called also <altname>buckram</altname>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ram"sted</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;m"st&ebreve_;d)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A yellow-flowered weed; -- so named from a Mr. Ramsted who introduced it into Pennsylvania. See <er>Toad flax</er>. Called also <altname>Ramsted weed</altname>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ram"til</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;m"t&ibreve_;l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Bengali <ets>ram-til</ets>.]</ety> <def>A tropical African asteraceous shrub (<spn>Guizotia abyssinica</spn>) cultivated for its seeds (called <prod><ecol><b>ramtil seeds</b></ecol></prod> <it>or</it> <prod><ecol><b>niger seeds</b></ecol></prod>) which yield a valuable oil used for food and as an illuminant.</def><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ram"u*lose`</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;m"&uuptack_;*l&omacr;s`)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>ramulosus</ets>, fr. <ets>ramulus</ets>, dim. of <ets>ramus</ets> a branch.]</ety> <fld>(Nat. Hist.)</fld> <def>Having many small branches, or ramuli.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ram"u*lous</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;m"&uuptack_;*l&ubreve;s)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Nat. Hist.)</fld> <def>Ramulose.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>&Verbar;Ram"u*lus</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;m"&uuptack_;*l&ubreve;s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu><it>pl.</it> <plw>Ramuli</plw> <pr>(r&abreve;m"&uuptack_;*l&imacr;)</pr>.</plu> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>A small branch, or branchlet, of corals, hydroids, and similar organisms.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>&Verbar;Ra"mus</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"m&ubreve;s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu><it>pl.</it> <plw>Rami</plw> <pr>(r&amacr;"m&imacr;)</pr>.</plu> <fld>(Nat. Hist.)</fld> <def>A branch; a projecting part or prominent process; a ramification.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra*mus"cule</hw> <pr>(r&adot_;*m&ubreve;s"k&uuptack_;l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>ramusculus</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Nat. Hist.)</fld> <def>A small ramus, or branch.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ran</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;n)</pr>, <def><pos>imp.</pos> of <er>Run</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ran</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>r&amacr;n</ets>.]</ety> <def>Open robbery.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Lambarde.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ran</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Yarns coiled on a spun-yarn winch.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>&Verbar;Ra"na</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"n&adot_;)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., a frog.]</ety> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>A genus of anurous batrachians, including the common frogs.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra"nal</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"n&aitalic_;l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having a general affinity to ranunculaceous plants.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Ranal alliance</b></col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a name proposed by Lindley for a group of natural orders, including Ranunculace&aelig;, Magnoliace&aelig;, Papaverace&aelig;, and others related to them.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rance</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;ns)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A prop or shore.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>A round between the legs of a chair; also called a <altname>spreader</altname>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ran*ces"cent</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;n*s&ebreve_;s"s&eitalic_;nt)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>rancescens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>rancescere</ets>, v. incho. from <ets>rancere</ets> to be rancid.]</ety> <def>Becoming rancid or sour.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ranch</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;nch)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <altsp>[Written also <asp>raunch</asp>.]</altsp> <ety>[Cf. <er>Wrench</er>.]</ety> <def>To wrench; to tear; to sprain; to injure by violent straining or contortion.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> <au>Dryden.</au> &ldquo;Hasting to <xex>raunch</xex> the arrow out.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Spenser.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ranch</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Rancho</er>.]</ety> <def>A tract of land used for grazing and the rearing of horses, cattle, or sheep. See <er>Rancho</er>, 2.</def> <mark>[Western U. S.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>&Verbar;Ran`che*ri"a</hw> <pr>(r&adot_;n`ch&auptack_;"r&emacr;"&adot_;)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp. <ets>rancheria</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A dwelling place of a ranchero.</def><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn>  <def>A small settlement or collection of ranchos, or rude huts, esp. for Indians.</def> <mark>[Sp. Amer. &amp; Southwestern U. S.]</mark><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn>  <def>Formerly, in the Philippines, a political division of the pagan tribes.</def><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><hw>&Verbar;Ran*che"ro</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;n*ch&amacr;"r&ouptack_;)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu><it>pl.</it> <plw>Rancheros</plw> <pr>(r&abreve;n*ch&amacr;"r&omacr;z)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[Sp.]</ety> <mark>[Mexico &amp; Western U. S.]</mark> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A herdsman; a peasant employed on a ranch or rancho.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>The owner and occupant of a ranch or rancho.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ranch"man</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;nch"m&aitalic_;n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu><it>pl.</it> <plw>Ranchmen</plw> <pr>(r&abreve;nch"m&eitalic_;n)</pr>.</plu> <def>An owner or occupant of, or laborer on, a ranch; a herdsman.</def> <mark>[Western U. S.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>&Verbar;Ran"cho</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;n"ch&ouptack_;)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu><it>pl.</it> <plw>Ranchos</plw> <pr>(r&abreve;n"ch&omacr;z)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[Sp., properly, a mess, mess room.  Cf. 2d <er>Ranch</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A rude hut, as of posts, covered with branches or thatch, where herdsmen or farm laborers may live or lodge at night.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>A large grazing farm where horses and cattle are raised; -- distinguished from <contr>hacienda</contr>, a cultivated farm or plantation.</def> <mark>[Mexico &amp; California]</mark>  <rj><au>Bartlett.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ran"cid</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;n"s&ibreve_;d)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>rancidus</ets>, fr. <ets>rancere</ets> to be rancid or rank.]</ety> <def>Having a rank smell or taste, from chemical change or decomposition; musty; <as>as, <ex>rancid</ex> oil or butter</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ran*cid"i*ty</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;n*s&ibreve_;d"&ibreve_;*t&ybreve_;)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>rancidit&eacute;</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of being rancid; a rancid scent or flavor, as of old oil.</def>  <rj><au>Ure.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ran"cid*ly</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;n"s&ibreve_;d*l&ybreve_;)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a rancid manner.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ran"cid*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of being rancid.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ran"cor</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;&nsmacr_;"k&etilde_;r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <altsp>[Written also <asp>rancour</asp>.]</altsp> <ety>[OE. <ets>rancour</ets>, OF. <ets>rancor</ets>, <ets>rancur</ets>, F. <ets>rancune</ets>, fr. L. <ets>rancor</ets> rancidity, rankness; tropically, an old grudge, rancor, fr. <ets>rancere</ets> to be rank or rancid.]</ety> <def>The deepest malignity or spite; deep-seated enmity or malice; inveterate hatred.</def> &ldquo;To stint <xex>rancour</xex> and dissencioun.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Chaucer.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>It would not be easy to conceive the passion, <qex>rancor</qex>, and malice of their tongues and hearts.</q> <rj><qau>Burke.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><syn><b>Syn.</b> -- Enmity; hatred; ill will; malice; spite; grudge; animosity; malignity.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Rancor</er>, <er>Enmity</er>. <xex>Enmity</xex> and <xex>rancor</xex> both describe hostile feelings; but <xex>enmity</xex> may be generous and open, while <xex>rancor</xex> implies personal malice of the worst and most enduring nature, and is the strongest word in our language to express hostile feelings.</usage><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q><qex>Rancor</qex> will out; proud prelate, in thy face<br/>
I see thy fury.</q> <rj><qau>Shak.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q><qex>Rancor</qex> is that degree of malice which preys upon the possessor.</q> <rj><qau>Cogan.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ran"cor*ous</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;&nsmacr_;"k&etilde_;r*&ubreve;s)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OF. <ets>rancuros</ets>.]</ety> <def>Full of rancor; evincing, or caused by, rancor; deeply malignant; implacably spiteful or malicious; intensely virulent.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>So flamed his eyes with rage and <qex>rancorous</qex> ire.</q> <rj><qau>Spenser.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ran"cor*ous*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a rancorous manner.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rand</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;nd)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>rand</ets>, <ets>rond</ets>; akin to D., Dan., Sw., &amp; G. <ets>rand</ets>, Icel. <ets>r&ouml;nd</ets>, and probably to E. <ets>rind</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A border; edge; margin.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>A long, fleshy piece, as of beef, cut from the flank or leg; a sort of steak.</def>  <rj><au>Beau. &amp; Fl.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>A thin inner sole for a shoe; also, a leveling slip of leather applied to the sole before attaching the heel.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rand</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;nd)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[D.]</ety> <pr>(<it>D. pron.</it> r&adot_;nt)</pr> <def>Rim; edge; border.</def> <mark>[South Africa]</mark></p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>The monetary unit of the Union of South Africa.</def><br/>
[<source>PJC</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>The Rand</b></col>, <cd>a rocky gold-bearing ridge in South Africa, about thirty miles long, on which Johannesburg is situated; also, the gold-mining district including this ridge.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rand</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Rant</er>.]</ety> <def>To rant; to storm.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>I wept, . . . and raved, and <qex>randed</qex>, and railed.</q> <rj><qau>J. Webster.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>R and D</hw> <pr>(&auml;r`&abreve;n*d&emacr;")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[<ets>r</ets>esearch <ets>and</ets> <ets>d</ets>evelopment.]</ety> <def>research and development; -- used mostly to refer to the division of a corporation responsible for performing research and developing new products; -- a commonly used abbreviation.</def> <br/>
<syn><b>Syn. --</b> R&amp;D.</syn>
[<source>PJC</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ran"dall grass`</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;n"d&aitalic_;l gr&adot_;s`)</pr>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The meadow fescue (<spn>Festuca elatior</spn>). See under <er>Grass</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ran"dan</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;n"d&abreve;n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The product of a second sifting of meal; the finest part of the bran.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ran"dan</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A boat propelled by three rowers with four oars, the middle rower pulling two.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rand"ing</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;nd"&ibreve_;ng)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Shoemaking)</fld> <def>The act or process of making and applying rands for shoes.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A kind of basket work used in gabions.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ran"dom</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;n"d&ubreve;m)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>randon</ets>, OF. <ets>randon</ets> force, violence, rapidity, &agrave; <ets>randon</ets>, de <ets>randon</ets>, violently, suddenly, rapidly, prob. of German origin; cf. G. <ets>rand</ets> edge, border, OHG. <ets>rant</ets> shield, edge of a shield, akin to E. <ets>rand</ets>, n.  See <er>Rand</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Force; violence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>For courageously the two kings newly fought with great <qex>random</qex> and force.</q> <rj><qau>E. Hall.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>A roving motion; course without definite direction; want of direction, rule, or method; hazard; chance; -- commonly used in the phrase <xex>at random</xex>, that is, without a settled point of direction; at hazard.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Counsels, when they fly<br/>
<qex>At random</qex>, sometimes hit most happily.</q> <rj><qau>Herrick.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>O, many a shaft, <qex>at random</qex> sent,<br/>
Finds mark the archer little meant!</q> <rj><qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>Distance to which a missile is cast; range; reach; <as>as, the <ex>random</ex> of a rifle ball</as>.</def>  <rj><au>Sir K. Digby.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>The direction of a rake-vein.</def>  <rj><au>Raymond.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ran"dom</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Going at random or by chance; done or made at hazard, or without settled direction, aim, or purpose; hazarded without previous calculation; left to chance; haphazard; <as>as, a <ex>random</ex> guess</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Some <qex>random</qex> truths he can impart.</q> <rj><qau>Wordsworth.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>So sharp a spur to the lazy, and so strong a bridle to the <qex>random</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>H. Spencer.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Statistics)</fld> <def>of, pertaining to, or resulting from a process of selection from a starting set of items, in which the probability of selecting any one object in the starting set is equal to the probability of selecting any other.</def><br/>
[<source>PJC</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Construction)</fld> <def>of unequal size or shape; made from components of unequal size or shape.</def><br/>
[<source>PJC</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>at random</b></col> <cd>in a manner so that all possible results have an equal probability of occurrence; for processes, each possible result is counted separately although the same type of result may occur more than once .</cd> -- <col><b>Random courses</b></col> <fld>(Masonry)</fld>, <cd>courses of stone of unequal thickness.</cd> -- <col><b>Random shot</b></col>, <cd>a shot not directed or aimed toward any particular object, or a shot with the muzzle of the gun much elevated.</cd> -- <col><b>Random work</b></col> <fld>(Masonry)</fld>, <cd>stonework consisting of stones of unequal sizes fitted together, but not in courses nor always with flat beds.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><!-- p. 1188 pr=vmg --></p>

<p><hw>Ran"dom*ize</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>to arrange or rearrange so that there is no predetermined order; to select by a random process; to assign (members of a group) into subgroups by a random process.</def><br/>
[<source>PJC</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ran"dom*ly</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;n"d&ubreve;m*l&ybreve_;)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a random manner.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ran"don</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;n"d&ubreve;n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Random.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Spenser.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ran"don</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To go or stray at random.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rane"deer`</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;n"d&emacr;r`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See <er>Reindeer</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>&Verbar;Ra"nee</hw> <pr>(r&auml;"n&emacr;)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as <er>Rani</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ran"force`</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;n"f&omacr;rs`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>renforcer</ets>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Re&euml;nforce</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Bailey.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rang</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;ng)</pr>, <def><pos>imp.</pos> of <er>Ring</er>, <pos>v. t. &amp; i.</pos></def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Range</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;nj)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Ranged</conjf> <pr>(r&amacr;njd)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Ranging</conjf> <pr>(r&amacr;n"j&ibreve_;ng)</pr>.]</vmorph> <ety>[OE. <ets>rengen</ets>, OF. <ets>rengier</ets>, F. <ets>ranger</ets>, OF. <ets>renc</ets> row, rank, F. <ets>rang</ets>; of German origin. See <er>Rank</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To set in a row, or in rows; to place in a regular line or lines, or in ranks; to dispose in the proper order; to rank; <as>as, to <ex>range</ex> soldiers in line</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Maccabeus <qex>ranged</qex> his army by bands.</q> <rj><qau>2 Macc. xii. 20.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To place (as a single individual) among others in a line, row, or order, as in the ranks of an army; -- usually, reflexively and figuratively, (in the sense) to espouse a cause, to join a party, etc.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>It would be absurd in me to <qex>range</qex> myself on the side of the Duke of Bedford and the corresponding society.</q> <rj><qau>Burke.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>To separate into parts; to sift.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Holland.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>4.</sn> <def>To dispose in a classified or in systematic order; to arrange regularly; <as>as, to <ex>range</ex> plants and animals in genera and species</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>5.</sn> <def>To rove over or through; <as>as, to <ex>range</ex> the fields</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Teach him to <qex>range</qex> the ditch, and force the brake.</q> <rj><qau>Gay.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>6.</sn> <def>To sail or pass in a direction parallel to or near; <as>as, to <ex>range</ex> the coast</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><note>&hand_; Compare the last two senses (5 and 6) with the French <xex>ranger</xex> une c&ocirc;te.</note><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>To be native to, or to live in; to frequent.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Range</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To rove at large; to wander without restraint or direction; to roam.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Like a <qex>ranging</qex> spaniel that barks at every bird he sees.</q> <rj><qau>Burton.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To have range; to change or differ within limits; to be capable of projecting, or to admit of being projected, especially as to horizontal distance; <as>as, the temperature <ex>ranged</ex> through seventy degrees Fahrenheit; the gun <ex>ranges</ex> three miles; the shot <ex>ranged</ex> four miles.</as></def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>To be placed in order; to be ranked; to admit of arrangement or classification; to rank.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>And <qex>range</qex> with humble livers in content.</q> <rj><qau>Shak.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>4.</sn> <def>To have a certain direction; to correspond in direction; to be or keep in a corresponding line; to trend or run; -- often followed by <xex>with</xex>; <as>as, the front of a house <ex>ranges</ex> with the street; to <ex>range</ex> along the coast.</as></def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Which way the forests <qex>range</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Dryden.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>To be native to, or live in, a certain district or region; <as>as, the peba <ex>ranges</ex> from Texas to Paraguay</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><syn><b>Syn.</b> -- To rove; roam; ramble; wander; stroll.</syn><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Range</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From <er>Range</er>, <pos>v.</pos>: cf. F. <ets>rang&eacute;e</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A series of things in a line; a row; a rank; <as>as, a <ex>range</ex> of buildings; a <ex>range</ex> of mountains.</as></def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>An aggregate of individuals in one rank or degree; an order; a class.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>The next <qex>range</qex> of beings above him are the immaterial intelligences.</q> <rj><qau>Sir M. Hale.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>The step of a ladder; a rung.</def>  <rj><au>Clarendon.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>4.</sn> <def>A kitchen grate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>He was bid at his first coming to take off the <qex>range</qex>, and let down the cinders.</q> <rj><qau>L'Estrange.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>5.</sn> <def>An extended cooking apparatus of cast iron, set in brickwork, and affording conveniences for various ways of cooking; also, a kind of cooking stove.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>6.</sn> <def>A bolting sieve to sift meal.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>7.</sn> <def>A wandering or roving; a going to and fro; an excursion; a ramble; an expedition.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>He may take a <qex>range</qex> all the world over.</q> <rj><qau>South.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><sn>8.</sn> <def>That which may be ranged over; place or room for excursion; especially, a region of country in which cattle or sheep may wander and pasture.</def><br/>
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<p><sn>9.</sn> <def>Extent or space taken in by anything excursive; compass or extent of excursion; reach; scope; discursive power; <as>as, the <ex>range</ex> of one's voice, or authority</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Far as creation's ample <qex>range</qex> extends.</q> <rj><qau>Pope.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><q>The <qex>range</qex> and compass of Hammond's knowledge filled the whole circle of the arts.</q> <rj><qau>Bp. Fell.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>A man has not enough <qex>range</qex> of thought.</q> <rj><qau>Addison.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>10.</sn> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The region within which a plant or animal naturally lives.</def><br/>
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<p><sn>11.</sn> <fld>(Gun.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The horizontal distance to which a shot or other projectile is carried.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Sometimes, less properly, the trajectory of a shot or projectile.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A place where shooting, as with cannons or rifles, is practiced.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>12.</sn> <def>In the public land system of the United States, a row or line of townships lying between two successive meridian lines six miles apart.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><note>&hand_; The meridians included in each great survey are numbered in order east and west from the &ldquo;principal meridian&rdquo; of that survey, and the townships in the range are numbered north and south from the &ldquo;base line,&rdquo; which runs east and west; as, township No. 6, N., <xex>range</xex> 7, W., from the fifth principal meridian.</note><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>13.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>See <cref>Range of cable</cref>, below.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Range of accommodation</b></col> <fld>(Optics)</fld>, <cd>the distance between the near point and the far point of distinct vision, -- usually measured and designated by the strength of the lens which if added to the refracting media of the eye would cause the rays from the near point to appear as if they came from the far point.</cd> -- <col><b>Range finder</b></col> <fld>(Gunnery)</fld>, <cd>an instrument, or apparatus, variously constructed, for ascertaining the distance of an inaccessible object, -- used to determine what elevation must be given to a gun in order to hit the object; a position finder.</cd> -- <col><b>Range of cable</b></col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a certain length of slack cable ranged along the deck preparatory to letting go the anchor.</cd> -- <col><b>Range work</b></col> <fld>(Masonry)</fld>, <cd>masonry of squared stones laid in courses each of which is of even height throughout the length of the wall; -- distinguished from <xex>broken range work</xex>, which consists of squared stones laid in courses not continuously of even height.</cd> -- <col><b>To get the range of</b></col> (an object) <fld>(Gun.)</fld>, <cd>to find the angle at which the piece must be raised to reach (the object) without carrying beyond.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Range"ment</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;nj"m&eitalic_;nt)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>rangement</ets>.]</ety> <def>Arrangement.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Waterland.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ran"ger</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;n"j&etilde_;r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who ranges; a rover; sometimes, one who ranges for plunder; a roving robber.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>That which separates or arranges; specifically, a sieve.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> &ldquo;The tamis <xex>ranger</xex>.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Holland.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>A dog that beats the ground in search of game.</def><br/>
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<p><sn>4.</sn> <def>One of a body of mounted troops, formerly armed with short muskets, who range over the country, and often fight on foot.</def><br/>
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<p><sn>5.</sn> <def>The keeper of a public park or forest; formerly, a sworn officer of a forest, appointed by the king's letters patent, whose business was to walk through the forest, recover beasts that had strayed beyond its limits, watch the deer, present trespasses to the next court held for the forest, etc.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> <note><ex>Rangers</ex> in U.S. national parks and national monuments perform a similar function.</note><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source> <source>+PJC</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ran"ger*ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The office of the keeper of a forest or park.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ran"gle</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;n"g'l)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To range about in an irregular manner.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</mark>  <rj><au>Halliwell.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ran"gy</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;n"j&ybreve_;)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From <er>Range</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>]</ety> <def>Inclined or able to range, or rove about, for considerable distances; apt or suited for much roving, -- chiefly used of cattle.</def><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><hw>&Verbar;Ra"ni</hw> <pr>(r&auml;"n&emacr;)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Hind. <ets>r&amacr;n&imacr;</ets>, Skr. <ets>r&amacr;jn&imacr;</ets>. See <er>Rajah</er>.]</ety> <def>A queen or princess; the wife of a rajah.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>ranee</asp>.]</altsp> <mark>[India]</mark><br/>
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<p><hw>Ra"nine</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"n&imacr;n)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>rana</ets> a frog.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the frogs and toads.</def><br/>
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<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, a swelling under the tongue; also, pertaining to the region where the swelling occurs; -- applied especially to branches of the lingual artery and lingual vein.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rank</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;&nsmacr_;k)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <amorph>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <adjf>Ranker</adjf> <pr>(r&abreve;&nsmacr_;k"&etilde_;r)</pr>; <pos>superl.</pos> <adjf>Rankest</adjf>.]</amorph> <ety>[AS. <ets>ranc</ets> strong, proud; cf. D. <ets>rank</ets> slender, Dan. <ets>rank</ets> upright, erect, Prov. G. <ets>rank</ets> slender, Icel. <ets>rakkr</ets> slender, bold. The meaning seems to have been influenced by L. <ets>rancidus</ets>, E. <ets>rancid</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Luxuriant in growth; of vigorous growth; exuberant; grown to immoderate height; <as>as, <ex>rank</ex> grass; <ex>rank</ex> weeds.</as></def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>And, behold, seven ears of corn came up upon one stalk, <qex>rank</qex> and good.</q> <rj><qau>Gen. xli. 5.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Raised to a high degree; violent; extreme; gross; utter; <as>as, <ex>rank</ex> heresy</as>.</def> &ldquo;<xex>Rank</xex> nonsense.&rdquo; <au>Hare.</au> &ldquo;I do forgive thy <xex>rankest</xex> fault.&rdquo; <au>Shak.</au><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>Causing vigorous growth; producing luxuriantly; very rich and fertile; <as>as, <ex>rank</ex> land</as>.</def>  <rj><au>Mortimer.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><sn>4.</sn> <def>Strong-scented; rancid; musty; <as>as, oil of a <ex>rank</ex> smell; <ex>rank</ex>-smelling rue.</as></def>  <rj><au>Spenser.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>5.</sn> <def>Strong to the taste.</def> &ldquo;Divers sea fowls taste <xex>rank</xex> of the fish on which they feed.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Boyle.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>6.</sn> <def>Inflamed with venereal appetite.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Shak.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Rank modus</b></col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>an excessive and unreasonable modus. See <er>Modus</er>, 3.</cd> -- <mcol><col><b>To set</b></col> (the iron of a plane, etc.) <col><b>rank</b></col></mcol>, <cd>to set so as to take off a thick shaving.</cd> <au>Moxon.</au></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rank</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Rankly; stoutly; violently.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>That rides so <qex>rank</qex> and bends his lance so fell.</q> <rj><qau>Fairfax.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rank</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>renk</ets>, <ets>reng</ets>, OF. <ets>renc</ets>, F. <ets>rang</ets>, fr. OHG. <ets>hring</ets> a circle, a circular row, G. <ets>ring</ets>. See <er>Ring</er>, and cf. <er>Range</er>, <pos>n. &amp; v.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A row or line; a range; an order; a tier; <as>as, a <ex>rank</ex> of osiers</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Many a mountain nigh<br/>
Rising in lofty <qex>ranks</qex>, and loftier still.</q> <rj><qau>Byron.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A line of soldiers ranged side by side; -- opposed to <xex>file</xex>. See 1st <er>File</er>, 1 <sd>(a)</sd>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Fierce, fiery warriors fought upon the clouds,<br/>
In <qex>ranks</qex> and squadrons and right form of war.</q> <rj><qau>Shak.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>Grade of official standing, as in the army, navy, or nobility; <as>as, the <ex>rank</ex> of general; the <ex>rank</ex> of admiral.</as></def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>4.</sn> <def>An aggregate of individuals classed together; a permanent social class; an order; a division; <as>as, <ex>ranks</ex> and orders of men; the highest and the lowest <ex>ranks</ex> of men, or of other intelligent beings.</as></def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>5.</sn> <def>Degree of dignity, eminence, or excellence; position in civil or social life; station; degree; grade; <as>as, a writer of the first <ex>rank</ex>; a lawyer of high <ex>rank</ex>.</as></def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>These all are virtues of a meaner <qex>rank</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Addison.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>6.</sn> <def>Elevated grade or standing; high degree; high social position; distinction; eminence; <as>as, a man of <ex>rank</ex></as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Rank and file</b></col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <cd>The whole body of common soldiers, including also corporals. In a more extended sense, it includes sergeants also, excepting the noncommissioned staff.</cd><!-- analogously, the lowest ranking members of any organization --> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>See under 1st <er>File</er>.</cd> -- <col><b>The ranks</b></col>, <cd>the order or grade of common soldiers; <as>as, to reduce a noncommissioned officer to <ex>the ranks</ex></as>.</cd> -- <col><b>To fill the ranks</b></col>, <cd>to supply the whole number, or a competent number.</cd> -- <col><b>To take rank of</b></col>, <cd>to have precedence over, or to have the right of taking a higher place than.</cd></cs><!-- <col><b>pull rank</b></col>, to insist on one's own prerogative or plan of action, by right of a higher rank than that of one suggesting a different plan --><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rank</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Ranked</conjf> <pr>(r&abreve;&nsmacr_;kt)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Ranking</conjf>.]</vmorph> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To place abreast, or in a line.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To range in a particular class, order, or division; to class; also, to dispose methodically; to place in suitable classes or order; to classify.</def><br/>
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<p><q><qex>Ranking</qex> all things under general and special heads.</q> <rj><qau>I. Watts.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><q>Poets were <qex>ranked</qex> in the class of philosophers.</q> <rj><qau>Broome.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><q>Heresy is <qex>ranked</qex> with idolatry and witchcraft.</q> <rj><qau>Dr. H. More.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>To take rank of; to outrank.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rank</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To be ranged; to be set or disposed, as in a particular degree, class, order, or division.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Let that one article <qex>rank</qex> with the rest.</q> <rj><qau>Shak.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To have a certain grade or degree of elevation in the orders of civil or military life; to have a certain degree of esteem or consideration; <as>as, he <ex>ranks</ex> with the first class of poets; he <ex>ranks</ex> high in public estimation.</as></def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rank"er</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;&nsmacr_;k"&etilde_;r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who ranks, or disposes in ranks; one who arranges.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ran"kle</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;&nsmacr_;"k'l)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Rankled</conjf> <pr>(-k'ld)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Rankling</conjf> <pr>(-kl&ibreve_;ng)</pr>.]</vmorph> <ety>[From <er>Rank</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To become, or be, rank; to grow rank or strong; to be inflamed; to fester; -- used literally and figuratively.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>A malady that burns and <qex>rankles</qex> inward.</q> <rj><qau>Rowe.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><q>This would have left a <qex>rankling</qex> wound in the hearts of the people.</q> <rj><qau>Burke.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To produce a festering or inflamed effect; to cause a sore; -- used literally and figuratively; <as>as, a splinter <ex>rankles</ex> in the flesh; the words <ex>rankled</ex> in his bosom.</as></def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ran"kle</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;&nsmacr_;"k'l)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To cause to fester; to make sore; to inflame.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>  <rj><au>Beau. &amp; Fl.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rank"ly</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;&nsmacr_;k"l&ybreve_;)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>With rank or vigorous growth; luxuriantly; hence, coarsely; grossly; <as>as, weeds grow <ex>rankly</ex></as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rank"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>rancness</ets> pride.]</ety> <def>The condition or quality of being rank.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ran"nel</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;n"n&ebreve_;l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A prostitute.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ran"ny</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;n"n&ybreve_;)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>araneus mus</ets>, a kind of small mouse.]</ety> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>The erd shrew.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ran"sack</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;n"s&abreve;k)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Ransacked</conjf> <pr>(-s&abreve;kt)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Ransacking</conjf>.]</vmorph> <ety>[OE. <ets>ransaken</ets>, Icel. <ets>rannsaka</ets> to explore, examine; <ets>rann</ets> a house (akin to Goth. <ets>razn</ets> house, AS. <ets>r&aelig;sn</ets> plank, beam) + the root of <ets>s&aelig;kja</ets> to seek, akin to E. <ets>seek</ets>. See <er>Seek</er>, and cf. <er>Rest</er> repose.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To search thoroughly; to search every place or part of; <as>as, to <ex>ransack</ex> a house</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>To <qex>ransack</qex> every corner of their . . . hearts.</q> <rj><qau>South.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To plunder; to pillage completely.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Their vow is made<br/>
To <qex>ransack</qex> Troy.</q> <rj><qau>Shak.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>To violate; to ravish; to defiour.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Rich spoil of <qex>ransacked</qex> chastity.</q> <rj><qau>Spenser.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ran"sack</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To make a thorough search.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>To <qex>ransack</qex> in the tas [heap] of bodies dead.</q> <rj><qau>Chaucer.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ran"sack</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of ransacking, or state of being ransacked; pillage.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Even your father's house<br/>
Shall not be free from <qex>ransack</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>J. Webster.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ran"som</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;n"s&ubreve;m)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>raunson</ets>, <ets>raunsoun</ets>, OF. <ets>ran&ccedil;on</ets>, <ets>raen&ccedil;on</ets>, <ets>raan&ccedil;on</ets>, F. <ets>ran&ccedil;on</ets>, fr. L. <ets>redemptio</ets>, fr. <ets>redimere</ets> to redeem. See <er>Redeem</er>, and cf. <er>Redemption</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The release of a captive, or of captured property, by payment of a consideration; redemption; <as>as, prisoners hopeless of <ex>ransom</ex></as>.</def>  <rj><au>Dryden.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>The money or price paid for the redemption of a prisoner, or for goods captured by an enemy; payment for freedom from restraint, penalty, or forfeit.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Thy <qex>ransom</qex> paid, which man from death redeems.</q> <rj><qau>Milton.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>His captivity in Austria, and the heavy <qex>ransom</qex> he paid for his liberty.</q> <rj><qau>Sir J. Davies.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld> <def>A sum paid for the pardon of some great offense and the discharge of the offender; also, a fine paid in lieu of corporal punishment.</def>  <rj><au>Blackstone.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Ransom bill</b></col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a war contract, valid by the law of nations, for the ransom of property captured at sea and its safe conduct into port.</cd>  <rj><au>Kent.</au></rj></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ran"som</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Ransomed</conjf> <pr>(-s&ubreve;md)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Ransoming</conjf>.]</vmorph> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>ran&ccedil;onner</ets>. See <er>Ransom</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To redeem from captivity, servitude, punishment, or forfeit, by paying a price; to buy out of servitude or penalty; to rescue; to deliver; <as>as, to <ex>ransom</ex> prisoners from an enemy</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To exact a ransom for, or a payment on.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Such lands as he had rule of he <qex>ransomed</qex> them so grievously, and would tax the men two or three times in a year.</q> <rj><qau>Berners.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ran"som*a*ble</hw> <pr>(-&adot_;*b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Such as can be ransomed.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ran"som*er</hw> <pr>(-&etilde_;r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who ransoms or redeems.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ran"som*less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Incapable of being ransomed; without ransom.</def>  <rj><au>Shak.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rant</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;nt)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Ranted</conjf>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Ranting</conjf>.]</vmorph> <ety>[OD. <ets>ranten</ets>, <ets>randen</ets>, to dote, to be enraged.]</ety> <def>To rave in violent, high-sounding, or extravagant language, without dignity of thought; to be noisy, boisterous, and bombastic in talk or declamation; <as>as, a <ex>ranting</ex> preacher</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Look where my <qex>ranting</qex> host of the Garter comes!</q> <rj><qau>Shak.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rant</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>High-sounding language, without importance or dignity of thought; boisterous, empty declamation; bombast; <as>as, the <ex>rant</ex> of fanatics</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>This is a stoical <qex>rant</qex>, without any foundation in the nature of man or reason of things.</q> <rj><qau>Atterbury.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rant"er</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;nt"&etilde_;r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A noisy talker; a raving declaimer.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One of a religious sect which sprung up in 1645; -- called also <altname>Seekers</altname>. See <er>Seeker</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One of the Primitive Methodists, who seceded from the Wesleyan Methodists on the ground of their deficiency in fervor and zeal; -- so called in contempt.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rant"er*ism</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;nt"&etilde_;r*&ibreve_;z'm)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>The practice or tenets of the Ranters.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rant"ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a ranting manner.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Rant"i*pole</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;nt"&ibreve_;*p&omacr;l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[<ets>Ranty</ets> + <ets>pole</ets>, <ets>poll</ets>, head.]</ety> <def>A wild, romping young person.</def> <mark>[Low]</mark>  <rj><au>Marryat.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rant"i*pole</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Wild; roving; rakish.</def> <mark>[Low]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rant"i*pole</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To act like a rantipole.</def> <mark>[Low]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>She used to <qex>rantipole</qex> about the house.</q> <rj><qau>Arbuthnot.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rant"ism</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;nt"&ibreve_;z'm)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>Ranterism.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rant"y</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;nt"&ybreve_;)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Wild; noisy; boisterous.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>&Verbar;Ran"u*la</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;n"&uuptack_;*l&adot_;)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., a little frog, a little swelling on the tongue of cattle, dim. of <ets>rana</ets> a frog.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A cyst formed under the tongue by obstruction of the duct of the submaxillary gland.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra*nun`cu*la"ceous</hw> <pr>(r&adot_;*n&ubreve;&nsmacr_;`k&uuptack_;*l&amacr;"sh&ubreve;s)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Ranunculus</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to a natural order of plants (<spn>Ranunculace&aelig;</spn>), of which the buttercup is the type, and which includes also the virgin's bower, the monkshood, larkspur, anemone, meadow rue, and peony.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra*nun"cu*lus</hw> <pr>(r&adot_;*n&ubreve;&nsmacr_;"k&uuptack_;*l&ubreve;s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu><it>pl.</it> E. <plw>Ranunculuses</plw> <pr>(r&adot_;*n&ubreve;&nsmacr_;"k&uuptack_;*l&ubreve;s*&ebreve_;z)</pr>, L. <plw>Ranunculi</plw> <pr>(-l&imacr;)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L., a little frog, a medicinal plant, perhaps crowfoot, dim. of <ets>rana</ets> a frog; cf. <ets>raccare</ets> to roar.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of herbs, mostly with yellow flowers, including crowfoot, buttercups, and the cultivated ranunculi (<spn>Ranunculus Asiaticus</spn>, <spn>Ranunculus aconitifolius</spn>, etc.) in which the flowers are double and of various colors.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><!-- p. 1189 pr=vmg --></p>

<p><hw>&Verbar;Ranz" des` vaches"</hw> <pr>(r&auml;Ns" d&auptack_;` v&adot_;sh")</pr>. <ety>[F., the ranks or rows of cows, the name being given from the fact that the cattle, when answering the musical call of their keeper, move towards him in a row, preceded by those wearing bells.]</ety> <def>The name for numerous simple, but very irregular, melodies of the Swiss mountaineers, blown on a long tube called the <xex>Alpine horn</xex>, and sometimes sung.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rap</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;p)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <def>A lay or skein containing 120 yards of yarn.</def>  <rj><au>Knight.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rap</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Rapped</conjf> <pr>(r&abreve;pt)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Rapping</conjf>.]</vmorph> <ety>[Akin to Sw. <ets>rappa</ets> to strike, <ets>rapp</ets> stroke, Dan. <ets>rap</ets>, perhaps of imitative origin.]</ety> <def>To strike with a quick, sharp blow; to knock; <as>as, to <ex>rap</ex> on the door</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rap</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To strike with a quick blow; to knock on.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>With one great peal they <qex>rap</qex> the door.</q> <rj><qau>Prior.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Founding)</fld> <def>To free (a pattern) in a mold by light blows on the pattern, so as to facilitate its removal.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rap</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A quick, smart blow; a knock.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rap</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Rapped</conjf> <pr>(r&abreve;pt)</pr>, usually written <conjf>Rapt</conjf>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Rapping</conjf>.]</vmorph> <ety>[OE. <ets>rapen</ets>; akin to LG. &amp; D. <ets>rapen</ets> to snatch, G. <ets>raffen</ets>, Sw. <ets>rappa</ets>; cf. Dan. <ets>rappe sig</ets> to make haste, and Icel. <ets>hrapa</ets> to fall, to rush, hurry. The word has been confused with L. <ets>rapere</ets> to seize.  Cf. <er>Rape</er> robbery, <er>Rapture</er>, <er>Raff</er>, <pos>v.</pos>, <er>Ramp</er>, <pos>v.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To snatch away; to seize and hurry off.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>And through the Greeks and Ilians they <qex>rapt</qex><br/>
The whirring chariot.</q> <rj><qau>Chapman.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>From Oxford I was <qex>rapt</qex> by my nephew, Sir Edmund Bacon, to Redgrove.</q> <rj><qau>Sir H. Wotton.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To hasten.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Piers Plowman.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>To seize and bear away, as the mind or thoughts; to transport out of one's self; to affect with ecstasy or rapture; <as>as, <ex>rapt</ex> into admiration</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>I'm <qex>rapt</qex> with joy to see my Marcia's tears.</q> <rj><qau>Addison.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q><qex>Rapt</qex> into future times, the bard begun.</q> <rj><qau>Pope.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>4.</sn> <def>To exchange; to truck.</def> <mark>[Obs. &amp; Low]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>5.</sn> <def>To engage in a discussion, converse.</def><br/>
[<source>PJC</source>]</p>

<p><sn>6.</sn> <fu>(ca. 1985)</fu> <def>to perform a type of rhythmic talking, often with accompanying rhythm instruments.  It is considered by some as a type of music; see <er>rap music</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>PJC</source>]</p>

<p><cs><mcol><col><b>To rap and ren</b></col>, <col><b>To rap and rend</b></col></mcol>. <ety>[Perhaps fr. Icel. <ets>hrapa</ets> to hurry and <ets>r&aelig;na</ets> plunder, fr. <ets>r&amacr;n</ets> plunder, E. <ets>ran</ets>.]</ety> <cd>To seize and plunder; to snatch by violence.</cd> <au>Dryden.</au> &ldquo;[Ye] waste all that ye may <xex>rape and renne</xex>.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Chaucer.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]<pbr/>
<q>All they could <qex>rap and rend</qex> and pilfer.</q> <rj><qau>Hudibras.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]<pbr/>
-- <col><b>To rap out</b></col>, <cd>to utter with sudden violence, as an oath.</cd><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]<pbr/>
<q>A judge who <qex>rapped out</qex> a great oath.</q> <rj><qau>Addison.</qau></rj></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rap</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Perhaps contr. fr. <ets>raparee</ets>.]</ety> <def>A popular name for any of the tokens that passed current for a half-penny in Ireland in the early part of the eighteenth century; any coin of trifling value.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Many counterfeits passed about under the name of <qex>raps</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Swift.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Tie it [her money] up so tight that you can't touch a <qex>rap</qex>, save with her consent.</q> <rj><qau>Mrs. Alexander.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Not to care a rap</b></col>, <cd>to care nothing.</cd> -- <col><b>Not worth a rap</b></col>, <cd>worth nothing.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rap</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>conversation; also, rapping.</def><br/>
[<source>PJC</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <fu>(ca. 1985)</fu> <def>a type of rhythmic talking, often with accompanying rhythm instruments; <altname>rap music</altname>.</def><br/>
[<source>PJC</source>]</p>

<p><hw>&Verbar;Ra*pa"ces</hw> <pr>(r&adot_;*p&amacr;"s&emacr;z)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[NL. See <er>Rapacious</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Accipitres</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra*pa"cious</hw> <pr>(r&adot_;*p&amacr;"sh&ubreve;s)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>rapax</ets>, <ets>-acis</ets>, from <ets>rapere</ets> to seize and carry off, to snatch away. See <er>Rapid</er>.]</ety><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>1.</sn> <def>Given to plunder; disposed or accustomed to seize by violence; seizing by force.</def> &ldquo; The downfall of the <xex>rapacious</xex> and licentious Knights Templar.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Motley.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Accustomed to seize food; subsisting on prey, or animals seized by violence; <as>as, a tiger is a <ex>rapacious</ex> animal; a <ex>rapacious</ex> bird.</as></def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>Avaricious; grasping; extortionate; also, greedy; ravenous; voracious; <as>as, <ex>rapacious</ex> usurers; a <ex>rapacious</ex> appetite.</as></def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>[Thy Lord] redeem thee quite from Death's <qex>rapacious</qex> claim</q> <rj><qau>Milton.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><syn><b>Syn.</b> -- Greedy; grasping; ravenous; voracious.</syn><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p>-- <wordforms><wf>Ra*pa"cious*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> -- <wf>Ra*pa"cious*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra*pac"i*ty</hw> <pr>(r&adot_;*p&abreve;s"&ibreve_;*t&ybreve_;)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>rapacitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>rapacit&eacute;</ets>. See <er>Rapacious</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The quality of being rapacious; rapaciousness; ravenousness; <as>as, the <ex>rapacity</ex> of pirates; the <ex>rapacity</ex> of wolves.</as></def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>The act or practice of extorting or exacting by oppressive injustice; exorbitant greediness of gain.</def> &ldquo;The <xex>rapacity</xex> of some ages.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Sprat.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rap`a*ree"</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;p`&adot_;*r&emacr;")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See <er>Rapparee</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rape</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;p)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>r&acirc;pe</ets> a grape stalk.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Fruit, as grapes, plucked from the cluster.</def>  <rj><au>Ray.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>The refuse stems and skins of grapes or raisins from which the must has been expressed in wine making.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>A filter containing the above refuse, used in clarifying and perfecting malt, vinegar, etc.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Rape wine</b></col>, <cd>a poor, thin wine made from the last dregs of pressed grapes.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rape</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Akin to <ets>rap</ets> to snatch, but confused with L. <ets>rapere</ets>. See <er>Rap</er> to snatch.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of seizing and carrying away by force; violent seizure; robbery.</def><!-- [Rare] --><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>And ruined orphans of thy <qex>rapes</qex> complain.</q> <rj><qau>Sandys.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Sexual connection with a woman without her consent. See <cref>Age of consent</cref>, under <er>Consent</er>, <pos>n.</pos></def>
<!-- (b) Any sexual intercourse forced on a person, whether male or female (also called forcible rape, or sexual assault, and sometimes, as a euphemism, criminal assault); Any sexual intercourse performed with a person who is under the age of consent, whether male or female, is <cref>statutory rape</cref>. --><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>That which is snatched away.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Where now are all my hopes? O, never more<br/>
Shall they revive! nor death her <qex>rapes</qex> restore.</q> <rj><qau>Sandys.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>4.</sn> <def>Movement, as in snatching; haste; hurry.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>5.</sn> <mark>(Fig., Colloq.)</mark> <def>An action causing results harmful to a person or thing; as, the <ex>rape</ex> of the land by mining companies.</def><br/>
[<source>PJC</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rape</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To commit rape upon; to ravish.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <mark>(Fig., Colloq.)</mark> <def>To perform an action causing results harmful or very unpleasant to a person or thing; <as>as, women <ex>raped</ex> first by their assailants, and then by the Justice system.</as>  Corresponds to 2nd <er>rape</er>, <pos>n.</pos> 5.</def><br/>
[<source>PJC</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>To rape and ren</b></col>. <cd>See under <er>Rap</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>, to snatch.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rape</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To rob; to pillage.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Heywood.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rape</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Icel. <ets>hreppr</ets> village, district; cf. Icel. <ets>hreppa</ets> to catch, obtain, AS. <ets>hrepian</ets>, <ets>hreppan</ets>, to touch.]</ety> <def>One of six divisions of the county of Sussex, England, intermediate between a hundred and a shire.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rape</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>rapa</ets>, <ets>rapum</ets>, akin to Gr. <grk>"ra`pys</grk>, <grk>"ra`fys</grk>, G. <ets>r&uuml;be</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A name given to a variety or to varieties of a plant of the turnip kind, grown for seeds and herbage. The seeds are used for the production of rape oil, and to a limited extent for the food of cage birds.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><note>&hand_; These plants, with the edible turnip, have been variously named, but are all now believed to be derived from the <spn>Brassica campestris</spn> of Europe, which by some is not considered distinct from the wild stock (<spn>Brassica oleracea</spn>) of the cabbage. See <er>Cole</er>.</note><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Broom rape</b></col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Broom rape</er>, in the Vocabulary.</cd> -- <col><b>Rape cake</b></col>, <cd>the refuse remaining after the oil has been expressed from the rape seed.</cd> -- <col><b>Rape root</b></col>. <cd>Same as <er>Rape</er>.</cd> -- <col><b>Summer rape</b></col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Colza</er>.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rape"ful</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;p"f&usdot_;l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Violent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Given to the commission of rape.</def>  <rj><au>Byron.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rap"ful*ly</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;p"f&usdot_;l*l&ybreve_;)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Violently.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Raph`a*el*esque"</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;f`&adot_;*&ebreve_;l*&ebreve_;sk")</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like Raphael's works; in Raphael's manner of painting.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Raph"a*el*ism</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;f"&adot_;*&ebreve_;l*&ibreve_;z'm)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The principles of painting introduced by Raphael, the Italian painter.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Raph"a*el*ite</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;f"&adot_;*&ebreve_;l*&imacr;t)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who advocates or adopts the principles of Raphaelism.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Raph"a*ny</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;f"&adot_;*n&ybreve_;)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>raphanie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A convulsive disease, attended with ravenous hunger, not uncommon in Sweden and Germany. It was so called because supposed to be caused by eating corn with which seeds of jointed charlock (<spn>Raphanus raphanistrum</spn>) had been mixed, but the condition is now known to be a form of ergotism.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra"phe</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"f&euptack_;)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <grk>"rafh`</grk> a seam or suture, fr. <grk>"ra`ptein</grk> to sew or stitch together.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A line, ridge, furrow, or band of fibers, especially in the median line; <as>as, the <ex>raphe</ex> of the tongue</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Rhaphe</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>&Verbar;Raph"i*des</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;f"&ibreve_;*d&emacr;z)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>raphide</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Rhaphides</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rap"id</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;p"&ibreve_;d)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>rapidus</ets>, fr. <ets>rapere</ets> to seize and carry off, to snatch or hurry away; perhaps akin to Gr. <grk>'arpa`zein</grk>: cf. F. <ets>rapide</ets>.  Cf. <er>Harpy</er>, <er>Ravish</er>.]</ety><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>1.</sn> <def>Very swift or quick; moving with celerity; fast; <as>as, a <ex>rapid</ex> stream; a <ex>rapid</ex> flight; a <ex>rapid</ex> motion.</as></def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Ascend my chariot; guide the <qex>rapid</qex> wheels.</q> <rj><qau>Milton.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Advancing with haste or speed; speedy in progression; in quick sequence; <as>as, <ex>rapid</ex> growth; <ex>rapid</ex> improvement; <ex>rapid</ex> recurrence; <ex>rapid</ex> succession.</as></def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>Quick in execution; <as>as, a <ex>rapid</ex> penman</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rap"id</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>rapide</ets>. See <er>Rapid</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <def>The part of a river where the current moves with great swiftness, but without actual waterfall or cascade; sometimes called <altname>whitewater</altname>; -- usually used in the plural; <as>as, the Lachine <ex>rapids</ex> in the St. Lawrence</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source> <source>+PJC</source>]</p>

<p><q>Row, brothers, row, the stream runs fast,<br/>
The <qex>rapids</qex> are near, and the daylight's past.</q> <rj><qau>Moore.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><mhw>{ <hw>Rap"id-fire`</hw>, <hw>Rap"id-fir`ing</hw>  }</mhw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Gun.)</fld> <def>Firing shots in rapid succession.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Ordnance)</fld> <def>Capable of being fired rapidly; -- applied to single-barreled guns of greater caliber than small arms, mounted so as to be quickly trained and elevated, with a quick-acting breech mechanism operated by a single motion of a crank or lever (abbr. <xex>R. F.</xex>);</def> <specif>specif.:</specif> (1) <def>In the United States navy, designating such a gun using fixed ammunition or metallic cartridge cases; -- distinguished from <xex>breech-loading</xex> (abbr. <xex>B. L.</xex>), applied to all guns loading with the charge in bags, and formerly from <xex>quick-fire</xex>. <xex>Rapid-fire</xex> guns in the navy also sometimes include automatic or semiautomatic rapid-fire guns; the former being automatic guns of not less than one inch caliber, firing a shell of not less than one pound weight, the explosion of each cartridge operating the mechanism for ejecting the empty shell, loading, and firing the next shot, the latter being guns that require one operation of the hand at each discharge, to load the gun.</def> (2) <def>In the United States army, designating such a gun, whether using fixed or separate ammunition, designed chiefly for use in coast batteries against torpedo vessels and the lightly armored batteries or other war vessels and for the protection of defensive mine fields; -- not distinguished from <xex>quick-fire</xex>.</def> (3) <def>In Great Britain and Europe used, rarely, as synonymous with <xex>quick-fire</xex>.</def><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rapid-fire mount</hw>. <fld>(Ordnance)</fld> <def>A mount permitting easy and quick elevation or depression and training of the gun, and fitted with a device for taking up the recoil.</def><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra*pid"i*ty</hw> <pr>(r&adot_;*p&ibreve_;d"&ibreve_;*t&ybreve_;)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>rapiditas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>rapidit&eacute;</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of being rapid; swiftness; celerity; velocity; <as>as, the <ex>rapidity</ex> of a current; <ex>rapidity</ex> of speech; <ex>rapidity</ex> of growth or improvement</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><syn><b>Syn.</b> -- Rapidness; haste; speed; celerity; velocity; swiftness; fleetness; quickness; agility.</syn><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rap"id*ly</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;p"&ibreve_;d*l&ybreve_;)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a rapid manner.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rap"id*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Quality of being rapid; rapidity.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra"pi*er</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"p&ibreve_;*&etilde_;r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>rapi&egrave;re</ets>, perhaps for <ets>raspi&egrave;re</ets>, and ultimately of German origin, akin to E. <ets>rasp</ets>, v.]</ety> <def>A straight sword, with a narrow and finely pointed blade, used only for thrusting.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Rapier fish</b></col> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld>, <cd>the swordfish.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Grew.</au></rj></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra"pi*ered</hw> <pr>(-&etilde_;rd)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Wearing a rapier.</def> &ldquo;Scarletcoated, <xex>rapiered</xex> figures.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Lowell.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>&Verbar;Ra*pil"li</hw> <pr>(r&adot_;*p&ibreve_;l"l&euptack_;)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[It.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Lapilli.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rap"ine</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;p"&ibreve_;n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>rapine</ets>; cf. Pr. &amp; It. <ets>rapina</ets>; all fr. L. <ets>rapina</ets>, fr. <ets>rapere</ets> to seize and carry off by force. See <er>Rapid</er>, and cf. <er>Raven</er> rapine.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of plundering; the seizing and carrying away of things by force; spoliation; pillage; plunder.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Men who were impelled to war quite as much by the desire of <qex>rapine</qex> as by the desire of glory.</q> <rj><qau>Macaulay.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Ravishment; rape.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Shak.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rap"ine</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To plunder.</def>  <rj><au>Sir G. Buck.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rap"i*nous</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;p"&ibreve_;*n&ubreve;s)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Given to rapine.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>rap` mu"sic</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;p` m&umacr;"z&ibreve_;k)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fu>(ca. 1985)</fu> <def>a type of rhythmic talking, often with accompanying rhythm instruments; same as 7th <er>rap</er>, <pos>n.</pos>.</def><br/>
[<source>PJC</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rap"page</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;p"p&auptack_;j; 48)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Founding)</fld> <def>The enlargement of a mold caused by rapping the pattern.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rap`pa*ree"</hw> <pr>(-p&adot_;*r&emacr;")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A wild Irish plunderer, esp. one of the 17th century; -- so called from his carrying a half-pike, called a <xex>rapary</xex>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>raparee</asp>.]</altsp><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rapped</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;pt)</pr>, <def><pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> of <er>Rap</er>, to strike.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rapped</hw>, <def><pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> of <er>Rap</er>, to snatch away.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rap*pee"</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;p*p&emacr;")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>r&acirc;p&eacute;</ets>, fr. <ets>r&acirc;per</ets> to grate, to rasp. See <er>Rasp</er>, <pos>v.</pos>]</ety> <def>A pungent kind of snuff made from the darker and ranker kinds of tobacco leaves.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rap"pel</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;p"p&ebreve_;l <i>or</i> r&abreve;p*p&ebreve_;l")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.  Cf. <er>Repeal</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>The beat of the drum to call soldiers to arms.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rap"per</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;p"p&etilde_;r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From <er>Rap</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who, or that which, raps or knocks; specifically, the knocker of a door.</def>  <rj><au>Sterne.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>A forcible oath or lie.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>  <rj><au>Bp. Parker.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>A musician specializing in <er>rap music</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>PJC</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rap*port"</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;p*p&omacr;rt"; F. r&adot_;`p&ocirc;r")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>rapporter</ets> to bring again or back, to refer; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>apporter</ets> to bring, L. <ets>apportare</ets>.  Cf. <er>Report</er>.]</ety> <def>Relation; proportion; conformity; correspondence; accord.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>'T is obvious what <qex>rapport</qex> there is between the conceptions and languages in every country.</q> <rj><qau>Sir W. Temple.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>&Verbar;En` rap`port"</b></col> <pr>(&auml;N` r&adot_;`p&ocirc;r")</pr> <ety>[F.]</ety>, <cd>in accord, harmony, or sympathy; having a mutual, especially a private, understanding; in mesmerism, in that relation of sympathy which permits influence or communication.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>&Verbar;Rap`proche`ment"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>rapprocher</ets> to cause to approach again. See <er>Re-</er>; <er>Approach</er>.]</ety> <def>Act or fact of coming or being drawn near or together; establishment or state of cordial relations.</def><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><q>He had witnessed the gradual <qex>rapprochement</qex> between the papacy and Austria.</q>  <rj><qau>Wilfrid Ward.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rap*scal"lion</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;p*sk&abreve;l"y&ubreve;n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Rascallion</er>.]</ety> <def>A rascal; a good-for-nothing fellow.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>  <rj><au>Howitt.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rapt</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;pt)</pr>, <def><pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> of <er>Rap</er>, to snatch away.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rapt</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Snatched away; hurried away or along.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Waters <qex>rapt</qex> with whirling away.</q> <rj><qau>Spenser.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Transported with love, admiration, delight, etc.; enraptured.</def> &ldquo;The <xex>rapt</xex> musician.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Longfellow.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>Wholly absorbed or engrossed, as in work or meditation.</def> &ldquo;<xex>Rapt</xex> in secret studies.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Shak.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rapt</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From F. <ets>rapt</ets> abduction, rape, L. <ets>raptus</ets>, fr. <ets>rapere</ets> to seize and carry off, to transport; or fr. E. <ets>rapt</ets>, a. See <er>Rapt</er>, <pos>a.</pos>, and <er>Rapid</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An ecstasy; a trance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Bp. Morton.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Rapidity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Sir T. Browne.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rapt</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To transport or ravish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Drayton.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To carry away by force.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Daniel.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rap"ter</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;p"t&etilde_;r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A raptor.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Drayton.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rap"tor</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;p"t&etilde_;r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>raptor</ets>, from <ets>rapere</ets> to ravish. See <er>Rapid</er>.]</ety> <def>A ravisher; a plunderer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>&Verbar;Rap*to"res</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;p*t&omacr;"r&emacr;z)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[NL. See <er>Raptor</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>An order of birds, same as <er>Accipitres</er>. Called also <altname>Raptatores</altname>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rap*to"ri*al</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;p*t&omacr;"r&ibreve_;*&aitalic_;l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Rapacious; living upon prey; -- said especially of certain birds.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Adapted for seizing prey; -- said of the legs, claws, etc., of insects, birds, and other animals.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>Of or pertaining to the <ord>Raptores</ord>. See <xex>Illust.</xex> <sd>(f)</sd> of <er>Aves</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rap*to"ri*ous</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;p*t&omacr;"r&ibreve_;*&ubreve;s)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>raptorius</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>Raptorial.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rap"ture</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;p"t&uuptack_;r; 135)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>rapere</ets>, <ets>raptum</ets>, to carry off by force. See <er>Rapid</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A seizing by violence; a hurrying along; rapidity with violence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>That 'gainst a rock, or flat, her keel did dash<br/>
With headlong <qex>rapture</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Chapman.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>The state or condition of being rapt, or carried away from one's self by agreeable excitement; violence of a pleasing passion; extreme joy or pleasure; ecstasy.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Music, when thus applied, raises in the mind of the hearer great conceptions; it strengthens devotion, and advances praise into <qex>rapture</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Addison.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>You grow correct that once with <qex>rapture</qex> writ.</q> <rj><qau>Pope.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>A spasm; a fit; a syncope; delirium.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Shak.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><syn><b>Syn.</b> -- Bliss; ecstasy; transport; delight; exultation.</syn><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rap"ture</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Raptured</conjf> <pr>(-t&uuptack_;rd; 135)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Rapturing</conjf>.]</vmorph> <def>To transport with excitement; to enrapture.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>  <rj><au>Thomson.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rap"tur*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An enthusiast.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>J. Spencer.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rap"tur*ize</hw> <pr>(-&imacr;z)</pr>, <pos>v. t. &amp; i.</pos> <def>To put, or be put, in a state of rapture.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rap"tur*ous</hw> <pr>(-&ubreve;s)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Ecstatic; transporting; ravishing; feeling, expressing, or manifesting rapture; <as>as, <ex>rapturous</ex> joy, pleasure, or delight; <ex>rapturous</ex> applause.</as></def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rap"tur*ous*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a rapturous manner.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rare</hw> <pr>(r&acirc;r)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. <er>Rather</er>, <er>Rath</er>.]</ety> <def>Early.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Rude mechanicals that <qex>rare</qex> and late<br/>
Work in the market place.</q> <rj><qau>Chapman.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rare</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <amorph>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <adjf>Rarer</adjf> <pr>(r&acirc;r"&etilde_;r)</pr>; <pos>superl.</pos> <adjf>Rarest</adjf>.]</amorph> <ety>[Cf. AS. <ets>hr&emacr;r</ets>, or E. <ets>rare</ets> early.  &radic;18.]</ety> <def>Nearly raw; partially cooked; not thoroughly cooked; underdone; <as>as, <ex>rare</ex> beef or mutton</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>New-laid eggs, which Baucis' busy care<br/>
Turned by a gentle fire, and roasted <qex>rare</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Dryden.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><note>&hand_; This word is in common use in the United States, but in England its synonym <altname>underdone</altname> is preferred.</note><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rare</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <amorph>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <adjf>Rarer</adjf> <pr>(r&acirc;r"&etilde_;r)</pr>; <pos>superl.</pos> <adjf>Rarest</adjf>.]</amorph> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>rarus</ets> thin, rare.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Not frequent; seldom met with or occurring; unusual; <as>as, a <ex>rare</ex> event</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Of an uncommon nature; unusually excellent; valuable to a degree seldom found.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q><qex>Rare</qex> work, all filled with terror and delight.</q> <rj><qau>Cowley.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Above the rest I judge one beauty <qex>rare</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Dryden.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>Thinly scattered; dispersed.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Those <qex>rare</qex> and solitary, these in flocks.</q> <rj><qau>Milton.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>4.</sn> <def>Characterized by wide separation of parts; of loose texture; not thick or dense; thin; <as>as, a <ex>rare</ex> atmosphere at high elevations</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Water is nineteen times lighter, and by consequence nineteen times <qex>rarer</qex>, than gold.</q> <rj><qau>Sir I. Newton.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><syn><b>Syn.</b> -- Scarce; infrequent; unusual; uncommon; singular; extraordinary; incomparable.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Rare</er>, <er>Scarce</er>. We call a thing <xex>rare</xex> when but few examples, specimens, or instances of it are ever to be met with; <as>as, a <ex>rare</ex> plant</as>. We speak of a thing as <xex>scarce</xex>, which, though usually abundant, is for the time being to be had only in diminished quantities; <as>as, a bad harvest makes corn <ex>scarce</ex></as>.</usage><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>A perfect union of wit and judgment is one of the <qex>rarest</qex> things in the world.</q> <rj><qau>Burke.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>When any particular piece of money grew very <qex>scarce</qex>, it was often recoined by a succeeding emperor.</q> <rj><qau>Addison.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rare"bit</hw> <pr>(r&acirc;r"b&ibreve_;t)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A dainty morsel; a Welsh rabbit. See <cref>Welsh rabbit</cref>, under <er>Rabbit</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rar"ee-show`</hw> <pr>(r&acirc;r"&euptack_;-sh&omacr;`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Contr. fr. <ets>rarity-show</ets>.]</ety> <def>A show carried about in a box; a peep show.</def>  <rj><au>Pope.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rar`e*fac"tion</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;r`&euptack_;*f&abreve;k"sh&ubreve;n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>rar&eacute;faction</ets>. See <er>Rarefy</er>.]</ety> <def>The act or process of rarefying; the state of being rarefied; -- opposed to <xex>condensation</xex>; <as>as, the <ex>rarefaction</ex> of air</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rar"e*fi`a*ble</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;r"&euptack_;*f&imacr;`&adot_;*b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>rar&eacute;fiable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being rarefied.</def>  <rj><au>Boyle.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rar"e*fy</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;r"&euptack_;*f&imacr;; 277)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Rarefied</conjf> <pr>(r&abreve;r"&euptack_;*f&imacr;d)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Rarefying</conjf> <pr>(r&abreve;r"&euptack_;*f&imacr;`&ibreve_;ng)</pr>.]</vmorph> <ety>[F. <ets>rar&eacute;fier</ets>; L. <ets>rarus</ets> rare + <ets>-ficare</ets> (in comp.) to make; cf. L. <ets>rarefacere</ets>. See <er>-fy</er>.]</ety> <def>To make rare, thin, porous, or less dense; to expand or enlarge without adding any new portion of matter to; -- opposed to <xex>condense</xex>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rar"e*fy</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To become less dense; to become thin and porous.</def> &ldquo;Earth <xex>rarefies</xex> to dew.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Dryden.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rare"ly</hw> <pr>(r&acirc;r"l&ybreve_;)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>In a rare manner or degree; seldom; not often; <as>as, things <ex>rarely</ex> seen</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Finely; excellently; with rare skill. See 3d <er>Rare</er>, 2.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>The person who played so <qex>rarely</qex> on the flageolet.</q> <rj><qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>The rest of the apartments are <qex>rarely</qex> gilded.</q> <rj><qau>Evelyn.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rare"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state or quality of being rare.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>And let the <qex>rareness</qex> the small gift commend.</q> <rj><qau>Dryden.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rare"ripe`</hw> <pr>(-r&imacr;p`)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[<ets>Rare</ets> early + <ets>ripe</ets>.  Cf. <er>Rathripe</er>.]</ety> <def>Early ripe; ripe before others, or before the usual season.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rare"ripe`</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An early ripening fruit, especially a kind of freestone peach.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rar`i*fi*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;r`&ibreve_;*f&ibreve_;*k&amacr;"sh&ubreve;n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See <er>Rarefaction</er>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>  <rj><au>Am. Chem. Journal.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rar"i*ty</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;r"&ibreve_;*t&ybreve_;; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu><it>pl.</it> <plw>Rarities</plw> <pr>(r&abreve;r"&ibreve_;*t&ibreve_;z)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L. <ets>raritas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>raret&eacute;</ets>. See <er>Rare</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The quality or state of being rare; rareness; thinness; <as>as, the <ex>rarity</ex> (contrasted with the <ex>density</ex>) of gases</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><!-- p. 1190 pr=vmg --></p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is rare; an uncommon thing; a thing valued for its scarcity.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>I saw three <qex>rarities</qex> of different kinds, which pleased me more than any other shows in the place.</q> <rj><qau>Addison.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ras</hw> <pr>(r&auml;s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See 2d <er>Reis</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>&Verbar;Ra`sante"</hw> <pr>(r&adot_;`z&auml;Nt")</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F., p. pr. of <ets>raser</ets> to graze.]</ety> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>Sweeping; grazing; -- applied to a style of fortification in which the command of the works over each other, and over the country, is kept very low, in order that the shot may more effectually sweep or graze the ground before them.</def>  <rj><au>H. L. Scott.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ras"cal</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;s"k&aitalic_;l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>rascaille</ets> rabble, probably from an OF. <ets>racaille</ets>, F. <ets>racaille</ets> the rabble, rubbish, probably akin to F. <ets>racler</ets> to scrape, (assumed) LL. <ets>rasiculare</ets>, <ets>rasicare</ets>, fr. L. <ets>radere</ets>, <ets>rasum</ets>. See <er>Rase</er>, <pos>v.</pos>]</ety><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>1.</sn> <def>One of the rabble; a low, common sort of person or creature; collectively, the rabble; the common herd; also, a lean, ill-conditioned beast, esp. a deer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>He smote of the people seventy men, and fifty thousand of the <qex>rascal</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Wyclif (1 Kings [1 Samuel] vi. 19).</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Poor men alone? No, no; the noblest deer hath them [horns] as huge as the <qex>rascal</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Shak.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>A mean, trickish fellow; a base, dishonest person; a rogue; a scoundrel; a trickster.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>For I have sense to serve my turn in store,<br/>
And he's a <qex>rascal</qex> who pretends to more.</q> <rj><qau>Dryden.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ras"cal</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining to the common herd or common people; low; mean; base.</def>  &ldquo;The <xex>rascal</xex> many.&rdquo; <au>Spencer.</au>  &ldquo;The <xex>rascal</xex> people.&rdquo; <au>Shak.</au><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>While she called me <qex>rascal</qex> fiddler.</q> <rj><qau>Shak.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ras"cal*dom</hw> <pr>(-d&ubreve;m)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>State of being a rascal; rascality; domain of rascals; rascals, collectively.</def>  <rj><au>Emerson.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ras"cal*ess</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A female rascal.</def> <mark>[Humorous]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ras*cal"i*ty</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;s*k&abreve;l"&ibreve_;*t&ybreve_;)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu><it>pl.</it> <plw>Rascalities</plw> <pr>(r&abreve;s*k&abreve;l"&ibreve_;*t&ibreve_;z)</pr></plu><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>1.</sn> <def>The quality or state of being rascally, or a rascal; mean trickishness or dishonesty; base fraud.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>The poorer and lower classes of people.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>The chief heads of their clans with their several <qex>rascalities</qex></q> <rj><qau>T. Jackson.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ras*cal"lion</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;s*k&abreve;l"y&ubreve;n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From <er>Rascal</er>]</ety> <def>A low, mean wretch; a rogue; same as <er>rascal</er>, <pos>n.</pos>. 2; now disused, replaced by <er>rapscalion</er>.</def> <mark>[archaic]</mark> <altsp>[Written also <asp>rascalion</asp>.]</altsp><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ras"cal*ly</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;s"k&aitalic_;l*l&ybreve_;)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like a rascal; trickish or dishonest; base; worthless; -- often in humorous disparagement, without implication of dishonesty.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Our <qex>rascally</qex> porter is fallen fast asleep.</q> <rj><qau>Swift.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rase</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;z)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Rased</conjf> <pr>(r&amacr;zd)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Rasing</conjf>.]</vmorph> <ety>[F. <ets>raser</ets>, LL. <ets>rasare</ets> to scrape often, v. freq. fr. L. <ets>radere</ets>, <ets>rasum</ets>, to scrape, shave; cf. Skr. <ets>rad</ets> to scratch, gnaw, L. <ets>rodere</ets> to gnaw.  Cf. <er>Raze</er>, <er>Razee</er>, <er>Razor</er>, <er>Rodent</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To rub along the surface of; to graze.</def> <mark>[Obsoles.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Was he not in the . . . neighborhood to death? and might not the bullet which <qex>rased</qex> his cheek have gone into his head?</q> <rj><qau>South.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Sometimes his feet <qex>rased</qex> the surface of the water, and at others the skylight almost flattened his nose.</q> <rj><qau>Beckford.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To rub or scratch out; to erase.</def> <mark>[Obsoles.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Except we <qex>rase</qex> the faculty of memory, root and branch, out of our mind.</q> <rj><qau>Fuller.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>To level with the ground; to overthrow; to destroy; to raze.</def> <altsp>[In this sense <asp>raze</asp> is generally used.]</altsp><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Till Troy were by their brave hands <qex>rased</qex>,<br/>
They would not turn home.</q> <rj><qau>Chapman.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><note>&hand_; This word, <xex>rase</xex>, may be considered as nearly obsolete; <xex>graze</xex>, <xex>erase</xex>, and <xex>raze</xex>, having superseded it.</note><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Rasing iron</b></col>, <cd>a tool for removing old oakum and pitch from the seams of a vessel.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><syn><b>Syn.</b> -- To erase; efface; obliterate; expunge; cancel; level; prostrate; overthrow; subvert; destroy; demolish; ruin.</syn><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rase</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To be leveled with the ground; to fall; to suffer overthrow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rase</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A scratching out, or erasure.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>A slight wound; a scratch.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Hooker.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld> <def>A way of measuring in which the commodity measured was made even with the top of the measuring vessel by rasing, or striking off, all that was above it.</def>  <rj><au>Burrill.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rash</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;sh)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[For <ets>arace</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To pull off or pluck violently.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To slash; to hack; to cut; to slice.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q><qex>Rashing</qex> off helms and riving plates asunder.</q> <rj><qau>Spenser.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rash</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF. <ets>rasche</ets> an eruption, scurf, F. <ets>rache</ets>; fr. (assumed) LL. <ets>rasicare</ets> to scratch, fr. L. <ets>radere</ets>, <ets>rasum</ets>, to scrape, scratch, shave. See <er>Rase</er>, and cf. <er>Rascal</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A fine eruption or efflorescence on the body, with little or no elevation.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Canker rash</b></col>. <cd>See in the Vocabulary.</cd> -- <col><b>Nettle rash</b></col>. <cd>See <er>Urticaria</er>.</cd> -- <col><b>Rose rash</b></col>. <cd>See <er>Roseola</er>.</cd> -- <col><b>Tooth rash</b></col>. <cd>See <er>Red-gum</er>.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rash</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>ras</ets> short-nap cloth, It. &amp; Sp. <ets>raso</ets> satin (cf. <er>Rase</er>); or cf. It. <ets>rascia</ets> serge, G. <ets>rasch</ets>, probably fr. <ets>Arras</ets> in France (cf. <er>Arras</er>).]</ety> <def>An inferior kind of silk, or mixture of silk and worsted.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Donne.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rash</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <amorph>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <adjf>Rasher</adjf> <pr>(-&etilde_;r)</pr>; <pos>superl.</pos> <adjf>Rashest</adjf>.]</amorph> <ety>[Probably of Scand. origin; cf. Dan. &amp; Sw. <ets>rask</ets> quick, brisk, rash, Icel. <ets>r&ouml;skr</ets> vigorous, brave, akin to D. &amp; G. <ets>rasch</ets> quick, of uncertain origin.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Sudden in action; quick; hasty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> &ldquo;Strong as aconitum or <xex>rash</xex> gunpowder.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Shak.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Requiring sudden action; pressing; urgent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>I scarce have leisure to salute you,<br/>
My matter is so <qex>rash</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Shak.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>Esp., overhasty in counsel or action; precipitate; resolving or entering on a project or measure without due deliberation and caution; opposed to <xex>prudent</xex>; said of persons; <as>as, a <ex>rash</ex> statesman or commander</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>4.</sn> <def>Uttered or undertaken with too much haste or too little reflection; <as>as, <ex>rash</ex> words; <ex>rash</ex> measures.</as></def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>5.</sn> <def>So dry as to fall out of the ear with handling, as corn.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark> <rj><au>Grose.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><syn><b>Syn.</b> -- Precipitate; headlong; headstrong; foolhardy; hasty; indiscreet; heedless; thoughtless; incautious; careless; inconsiderate; unwary.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Rash</er>, <er>Adventurous</er>, <er>Foolhardy</er>. A man is <xex>adventurous</xex> who incurs risk or hazard from a love of the arduous and the bold. A man is <xex>rash</xex> who does it from the mere impulse of his feelings, without counting the cost. A man is <xex>foolhardy</xex> who throws himself into danger in disregard or defiance of the consequences.</usage><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Was never known a more <qex>adventurous</qex> knight.</q> <rj><qau>Dryden.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Her <qex>rash</qex> hand in evil hour<br/>
Forth reaching to the fruit, she plucked, she eat.</q> <rj><qau>Milton.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>If any yet be so <qex>foolhardy</qex><br/>
To expose themselves to vain jeopardy;<br/>
If they come wounded off, and lame,<br/>
No honor's got by such a maim.</q> <rj><qau>Hudibras.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rash</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;sh)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To prepare with haste.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Foxe.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rash"er</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;sh"&etilde_;r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[In sense 1, probably fr. <ets>rash</ets>, a., as being hastily cooked.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A thin slice of bacon.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>A California rockfish (<spn>Sebastichthys miniatus</spn>).</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rash"ful</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;sh"f&usdot_;l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Rash; hasty; precipitate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rash"ling</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;sh"l&ibreve_;ng)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A rash person.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rash"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a rash manner; with precipitation.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>He that doth anything <qex>rashly</qex>, must do it willingly; for he was free to deliberate or not.</q> <rj><qau>L'Estrange.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rash"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state of being rash.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>We offend . . . by <qex>rashness</qex>, which is an affirming or denying, before we have sufficiently informed ourselves.</q> <rj><qau>South.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><syn><b>Syn.</b> -- Temerity; foolhardiness; precipitancy; precipitation; hastiness; indiscretion; heedlessness; inconsideration; carelessness. See <er>Temerity</er>.</syn><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>&Verbar;Ras*kol"nik</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;s*k&obreve_;l"n&ibreve_;k)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. <plw>Raskolniki</plw> <pr>(r&abreve;s*k&obreve_;l"n&ibreve_;k*&emacr;)</pr> or <plw>Raskolniks</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[Russ. <ets>raskol'nik</ets> dissenter, fr. <ets>raskol</ets> dissent.]</ety> <def>The name applied by the Russian government to any subject of the Greek faith who dissents from the established church. The <xex>Raskolniki</xex> embrace many sects, whose common characteristic is a clinging to antique traditions, habits, and customs. The schism originated in 1667 in an ecclesiastical dispute as to the correctness of the translation of the religious books. The dissenters, who have been continually persecuted, are believed to number about 20,000,000, although the Holy Synod officially puts the number at about 2,000,000. They are officially divided into three groups according to the degree of their variance from orthodox beliefs and observances, as follows: I. &ldquo;Most obnoxious.&rdquo; the <col><b>Judaizers</b></col>; the <col><b>Molokane</b></col>, who refuse to recognize civil authority or to take oaths; the <col><b>Dukhobortsy</b></col>, or <col><b>Dukhobors</b></col>, who are communistic, marry without ceremony, and believe that Christ was human, but that his soul reappears at intervals in living men; the <col><b>Khlysty</b></col>, who countenance anthropolatory, are ascetics, practice continual self-flagellation, and reject marriage; the <col><b>Skoptsy</b></col>, who practice castration; and a section of the <col><b>Bezpopovtsy</b></col>, or priestless sect, which disbelieve in prayers for the Czar and in marriage. II. &ldquo;Obnoxious:&rdquo; the <col><b>Bezpopovtsy</b></col>, who pray for the Czar and recognize marriage. III. &ldquo;Least obnoxious:&rdquo; the <col><b>Popovtsy</b></col>, who dissent from the orthodox church in minor points only.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>rascolnik</asp>.]</altsp><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><hw>&Verbar;Ra*so"res</hw> <pr>(r&adot_;*z&omacr;"r&emacr;z)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>radere</ets>, <ets>rasum</ets>, to scratch. See <er>Rase</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>An order of birds; the Gallin&aelig;.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><note>&hand_; Formerly, the word <ord>Rasores</ord> was used in a wider sense, so as to include other birds now widely separated in classification.</note><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra*so"ri*al</hw> <pr>(r&adot_;*z&omacr;"r&ibreve_;*&aitalic_;l; 277)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the <ord>Rasores</ord>, or gallinaceous birds, as the peacock, domestic fowl, partridge, quail, and the like.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra"sour</hw> <pr>(r&auml;"s&oomacr_;r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Razor.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Chaucer.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rasp</hw> <pr>(r&adot_;sp)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Rasped</conjf> <pr>(r&adot_;spt)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Rasping</conjf>.]</vmorph> <ety>[OF. <ets>rasper</ets>, F. <ets>r&acirc;per</ets>, to scrape, grate, rasp, fr. OHG. <ets>rasp&omacr;n</ets> to scrape together, to collect, probably akin to E. <ets>rap</ets>.  Cf. <er>Rap</er> to snatch.]</ety><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>1.</sn> <def>To rub or file with a rasp; to rub or grate with a rough file; <as>as, to <ex>rasp</ex> wood to make it smooth; to <ex>rasp</ex> bones to powder.</as></def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, figuratively: To grate harshly upon; to offend by coarse or rough treatment or language; <as>as, some sounds <ex>rasp</ex> the ear; his insults <ex>rasped</ex> my temper.</as></def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rasp</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>raspe</ets>, OF. <ets>raspe</ets>, F. <ets>r&acirc;pe</ets>. See <er>Rasp</er>, <pos>v.</pos>]</ety><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>1.</sn> <def>A coarse file, on which the cutting prominences are distinct points raised by the oblique stroke of a sharp punch, instead of lines raised by a chisel, as on the true file.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>The raspberry.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> &ldquo;Set sorrel amongst <xex>rasps</xex>, and the <xex>rasps</xex> will be the smaller.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Bacon.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Rasp palm</b></col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a Brazilian palm tree (<spn>Iriartea exorhiza</spn>) which has strong a&euml;rial roots like a screw pine. The roots have a hard, rough surface, and are used by the natives for graters and rasps, whence the common name.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>&Verbar;Ras`pa*to"ri*um</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;s`p&adot_;*t&omacr;"r&ibreve_;*&ubreve;m)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.]</ety> <def>See <er>Raspatory</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rasp"a*to*ry</hw> <pr>(r&adot_;sp"&adot_;*t&ouptack_;*r&ybreve_;)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL. <ets>raspatorium</ets>: cf. F. <ets>raspatoir</ets>. See <er>Rasp</er>, <pos>v.</pos>]</ety> <def>A surgeon's rasp.</def>  <rj><au>Wiseman.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rasp"ber*ry</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;z"b&ebreve_;r*r&ybreve_;; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From E. <ets>rasp</ets>, in allusion to the apparent roughness of the fruit.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The thimble-shaped fruit of the <spn>Rubus Id&aelig;us</spn> and other similar brambles; <as>as, the black, the red, and the white <ex>raspberry</ex></as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The shrub bearing this fruit.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><note>&hand_; Technically, raspberries are those brambles in which the fruit separates readily from the core or receptacle, in this differing from the blackberries, in which the fruit is firmly attached to the receptacle.</note><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rasp"er</hw> <pr>(r&adot_;sp"&etilde_;r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or that which, rasps; a scraper.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ras"pis</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;s"p&ibreve_;s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The raspberry.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Langham.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rasp"y</hw> <pr>(r&adot_;sp"&ybreve_;)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like a rasp, or the sound made by a rasp; grating.</def>  <rj><au>R. D. Blackmore.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rasse</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Malay <ets>r&amacr;sa</ets> taste, sensation.]</ety> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>A carnivore (<spn>Viverricula Mallaccensis</spn>) allied to the civet but smaller, native of China and the East Indies. It furnishes a perfume resembling that of the civet, which is highly prized by the Javanese. Called also <altname>Malacca weasel</altname>, and <altname>lesser civet</altname>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra"sure</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"zh&uuptack_;r; 135)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>rasura</ets>, fr. <ets>radere</ets>, <ets>rasum</ets>, to scrape, to shave. See <er>Rase</er>, <pos>v.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of rasing, scraping, or erasing; erasure; obliteration.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>A mark by which a letter, word, or any part of a writing or print, is erased, effaced, or obliterated; an erasure.</def>  <rj><au>Ayliffe.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rat</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;t)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>r&aelig;t</ets>; akin to D. <ets>rat</ets>, OHG. <ets>rato</ets>, <ets>ratta</ets>, G. <ets>ratte</ets>, <ets>ratze</ets>, OLG. <ets>ratta</ets>, LG. &amp; Dan. <ets>rotte</ets>, Sw. <ets>r&aring;tta</ets>, F. <ets>rat</ets>, Ir. &amp; Gael <ets>radan</ets>, Armor. <ets>raz</ets>, of unknown origin.  Cf. <er>Raccoon</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>One of several species of small rodents of the genus <gen>Rattus</gen> (formerly included in <gen>Mus</gen>) and allied genera, of the family <fam>Muridae</fam>, distinguished from mice primarily by being larger.  They infest houses, stores, and ships, especially the <styp><ecol><b>Norway rat</b></ecol></styp>, also called <stype>brown rat</stype>, (<spn>Rattus norvegicus</spn> formerly <spn>Mus decumanus</spn>), the <styp><ecol><b>black rat</b></ecol></styp> (<spn>Rattus rattus</spn> formerly <spn>Mus rattus</spn>), and the <styp><ecol><b>roof rat</b></ecol></styp> (formerly <spn>Mus Alexandrinus</spn>, now included in <spn>Rattus rattus</spn>). These were introduced into America from the Old World.  The white rat used most commonly in laboratories is primarily a strain derived from <spn>Rattus rattus</spn>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source> <source>+PJC</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>A round and tapering mass of hair, or similar material, used by women to support the puffs and rolls of their natural hair.</def> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>One who deserts his party or associates; hence, in the trades, one who works for lower wages than those prescribed by a trades union.</def> <mark>[Cant]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><note>&hand_; &ldquo;It so chanced that, not long after the accession of the house of Hanover, some of the brown, that is the German or Norway, rats, were first brought over to this country (in some timber as is said); and being much stronger than the black, or, till then, the common, rats, they in many places quite extirpated the latter. The word (both the noun and the verb to <xex>rat</xex>) was first, as we have seen, leveled at the converts to the government of George the First, but has by degrees obtained a wider meaning, and come to be applied to any sudden and mercenary change in politics.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Lord Mahon.</au></rj></note><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Bamboo rat</b></col> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld>, <cd>any Indian rodent of the genus <gen>Rhizomys</gen>.</cd> -- <mcol><col><b>Beaver rat</b></col>, <col><b>Coast rat</b></col></mcol>. <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Beaver</er> and <er>Coast</er>.</cd> -- <col><b>Blind rat</b></col> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld>, <cd>the mole rat.</cd> -- <col><b>Cotton rat</b></col> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld>, <cd>a long-haired rat (<spn>Sigmodon hispidus</spn>), native of the Southern United States and Mexico. It makes its nest of cotton and is often injurious to the crop.</cd> -- <col><b>Ground rat</b></col>. <cd>See <cref>Ground Pig</cref>, under <er>Ground</er>.</cd> -- <col><b>Hedgehog rat</b></col>. <cd>See under <er>Hedgehog</er>.</cd> -- <col><b>Kangaroo rat</b></col> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld>, <cd>the potoroo.</cd> -- <col><b>Norway rat</b></col> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld>, <cd>the common brown rat. See <er>Rat</er>.</cd> -- <col><b>Pouched rat</b></col>. <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>See <cref>Pocket Gopher</cref>, under <er>Pocket</er>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Any African rodent of the genus <gen>Cricetomys</gen>.</cd> <col><b>Rat Indians</b></col> <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld>, <cd>a tribe of Indians dwelling near Fort Ukon, <state>Alaska</state>.  They belong to the Athabascan stock.</cd> -- <col><b>Rat mole</b></col>. <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Mole rat</cref>, under <er>Mole</er>.</cd> -- <col><b>Rat pit</b></col>, <cd>an inclosed space into which rats are put to be killed by a dog for sport.</cd> -- <col><b>Rat snake</b></col> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld>, <cd>a large colubrine snake (<spn>Ptyas mucosus</spn>) very common in <country>India</country> and <geog>Ceylon</geog>.  It enters dwellings, and destroys rats, chickens, etc.</cd> -- <col><b>Spiny rat</b></col> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld>, <cd>any South American rodent of the genus <gen>Echinomys</gen>.</cd> -- <col><b>To smell a rat</b></col>. <cd>See under <er>Smell</er>.</cd> -- <col><b>Wood rat</b></col> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld>, <cd>any American rat of the genus <gen>Neotoma</gen>, especially <spn>Neotoma Floridana</spn>, common in the <geog>Southern United States</geog>. Its feet and belly are white.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rat</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Ratted</conjf>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Ratting</conjf>.]</vmorph> <sn>1.</sn> <def>In English politics, to desert one's party from interested motives; to forsake one's associates for one's own advantage; in the trades, to work for less wages, or on other conditions, than those established by a trades union.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Coleridge . . . incurred the reproach of having <qex>ratted</qex>, solely by his inability to follow the friends of his early days.</q> <rj><qau>De Quincey.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To catch or kill rats.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To be an informer (against an associate); to inform (on an associate); to squeal; -- used commonly in the phrase to rat on.</def><br/>
[<source>PJC</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra"ta</hw> <pr>(r&auml;"t&adot_;)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Maori.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A New Zealand forest tree (<spn>Metrosideros robusta</spn>), also, its hard dark red wood, used by the Maoris for paddles and war clubs.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rat`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;t`&adot_;*b&ibreve_;l"&ibreve_;*t&ybreve_;)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state of being ratable.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rat"a*ble</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;t"&adot_;*b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Capable of being rated, or set at a certain value.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Twenty or&aelig; were <qex>ratable</qex> to [at] two marks of silver.</q> <rj><qau>Camden.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Liable to, or subjected by law to, taxation; <as>as, <ex>ratable</ex> estate</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>Made at a proportionate rate; <as>as, <ex>ratable</ex> payments</as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Rat"a*ble*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos> -- <wf>Rat"a*bly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>rat"a*ble</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;t"&adot_;*b'l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>a structure which may be rated, or set at a certain value, for the purpose of taxation, usually based on the value; <as>as, with the deterioration of the center cities, the loss of <ex>ratables</ex> worsened the situation by removing valuable sources of tax revenue</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>PJC</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rat`a*fi"a</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;t`&adot_;*f&emacr;"&adot_;)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr. Malay <ets>arak</ets> arrack + <ets>t&amacr;f&imacr;a</ets> a spirit distilled from molasses.]</ety> <def>A spirituous liquor flavored with the kernels of cherries, apricots, peaches, or other fruit, spiced, and sweetened with sugar; -- a term applied to the liqueurs called <xex>noyau</xex>, <xex>cura&ccedil;ao</xex>, etc.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>ratifia</asp> and <asp>ratafee</asp>.]</altsp><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra*tan"</hw> <pr>(r&adot_;*t&abreve;n")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See <er>Rattan</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rat"a*ny</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;t"&adot_;*n&ybreve_;)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Rhatany</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>&Verbar;Ra`ta`plan"</hw> <pr>(r&adot_;`t&adot_;`pl&auml;N")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>The iterative sound of beating a drum, or of a galloping horse.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ratch</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;ch)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Rotche</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ratch</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;ch)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Rack</er> the instrument, <er>Ratchet</er>.]</ety> <def>A ratchet wheel, or notched bar, with which a pawl or click works.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ratch"el</hw> <pr>(-&ebreve_;l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Gravelly stone.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ratch"et</hw> <pr>(-&ebreve_;t)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Properly a diminutive from the same word as <ets>rack</ets>: cf. F. <ets>rochet</ets>. See 2d <er>Ratch</er>, <er>Rack</er> the instrument.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A pawl, click, or detent, for holding or propelling a ratchet wheel, or ratch, etc.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>A mechanism composed of a ratchet wheel, or ratch, and pawl.  See <cref>Ratchet wheel</cref>, below, and 2d <er>Ratch</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Ratchet brace</b></col> <fld>(Mech.)</fld>, <cd>a boring brace, having a ratchet wheel and pawl for rotating the tool by back and forth movements of the brace handle.</cd> -- <col><b>Ratchet drill</b></col>, <cd>a portable machine for working a drill by hand, consisting of a hand lever carrying at one end a drill holder which is revolved by means of a ratchet wheel and pawl, by swinging the lever back and forth.</cd> -- <col><b>Ratchet wheel</b></col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>a circular wheel having teeth, usually angular, with which a reciprocating pawl engages to turn the wheel forward, or a stationary pawl to hold it from turning backward.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><!-- illustr. Ratchet wheel and ilustr. of ratchet drill --><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><note>&hand_; In the cut, the moving pawl <xex>c</xex> slides over the teeth in one direction, but in returning, draws the wheel with it, while the pawl <xex>d</xex> prevents it from turning in the contrary direction.</note><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><!-- p. 1191 pr=vmg --></p>

<p><hw>Rate</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;t)</pr>, <pos>v. t. &amp; i.</pos> <ety>[Perh. fr. E. <ets>rate</ets>, v. t., to value at a certain rate, to estimate, but more prob. fr. Sw. <ets>rata</ets> to find fault, to blame, to despise, to hold cheap; cf. Icel. <ets>hrat</ets> refuse, <ets>hrati</ets> rubbish.]</ety> <def>To chide with vehemence; to scold; to censure violently; to berate.</def>  <rj><au>Spenser.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source> <source>+PJC</source>]</p>

<p><q>Go, <qex>rate</qex> thy minions, proud, insulting boy!</q> <rj><qau>Shak.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Conscience is a check to beginners in sin, reclaiming them from it, and <qex>rating</qex> them for it.</q> <rj><qau>Barrow.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF., fr. L. <ets>rata</ets> (sc. <ets>pars</ets>), fr. <ets>ratus</ets> reckoned, fixed by calculation, p. p. of <ets>reri</ets> to reckon, to calculate.  Cf. <er>Reason</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Established portion or measure; fixed allowance.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>The one right feeble through the evil <qex>rate</qex><br/>
Of food which in her duress she had found.</q> <rj><qau>Spenser.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is established as a measure or criterion; degree; standard; rank; proportion; ratio; <as>as, a slow <ex>rate</ex> of movement; <ex>rate</ex> of interest is the ratio of the interest to the principal, per annum.</as></def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Heretofore the <qex>rate</qex> and standard of wit was different from what it is nowadays.</q> <rj><qau>South.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>In this did his holiness and godliness appear above the <qex>rate</qex> and pitch of other men's, in that he was so . . . merciful.</q> <rj><qau>Calamy.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Many of the horse could not march at that <qex>rate</qex>, nor come up soon enough.</q> <rj><qau>Clarendon.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>Valuation; price fixed with relation to a standard; cost; charge; <as>as, high or low <ex>rates</ex> of transportation</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>They come at dear <qex>rates</qex> from Japan.</q> <rj><qau>Locke.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>4.</sn> <def>A tax or sum assessed by authority on property for public use, according to its income or value; esp., in England, a local tax; <as>as, parish <ex>rates</ex>; town <ex>rates</ex>.</as></def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>5.</sn> <def>Order; arrangement.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Thus sat they all around in seemly <qex>rate</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Spenser.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>6.</sn> <def>Ratification; approval.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>  <rj><au>Chapman.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Horol.)</fld> <def>The gain or loss of a timepiece in a unit of time; <as>as, daily <ex>rate</ex>; hourly <ex>rate</ex>; etc.</as></def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>8.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The order or class to which a war vessel belongs, determined according to its size, armament, etc.; <as>as, first <ex>rate</ex>, second <ex>rate</ex>, etc.</as></def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The class of a merchant vessel for marine insurance, determined by its relative safety as a risk, as A1, A2, etc.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rate</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Rated</conjf>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Rating</conjf>.]</vmorph> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To set a certain estimate on; to value at a certain price or degree.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>To <qex>rate</qex> a man by the nature of his companions is a rule frequent indeed, but not infallible.</q> <rj><qau>South.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>You seem not high enough your joys to <qex>rate</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Dryden.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To assess for the payment of a rate or tax.</def><br/>
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<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>To settle the relative scale, rank, position, amount, value, or quality of; <as>as, to <ex>rate</ex> a ship; to <ex>rate</ex> a seaman; to <ex>rate</ex> a pension.</as></def><br/>
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<p><sn>4.</sn> <def>To ratify.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> &ldquo;To <xex>rate</xex> the truce.&rdquo;  <au>Chapman.</au><br/>
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<p><cs><col><b>To rate a chronometer</b></col>, <cd>to ascertain the exact rate of its gain or loss as compared with true time, so as to make an allowance or computation dependent thereon.</cd></cs><br/>
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<p><syn><b>Syn.</b> -- To value; appraise; estimate; reckon.</syn><br/>
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<p><hw>Rate</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To be set or considered in a class; to have rank; <as>as, the ship <ex>rates</ex> as a ship of the line</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To make an estimate.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Rate"a*ble</hw> <pr>(-&adot_;*b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>See <er>Ratable</er>.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Ra"tel</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"t&ebreve_;l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>Any carnivore of the genus <gen>Mellivora</gen>, allied to the weasels and the skunks; -- called also <altname>honey badger</altname>.</def><br/>
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<p><note>&hand_; Several species are known in Africa and India. The Cape ratel (<spn>Mellivora Capensis</spn>) and the Indian ratel (<spn>Mellivora Indica</spn>) are the best known.   The back is gray; the lower parts, face, and tail are black.  They are fond of honey, and rob the nests of wild bees.</note><br/>
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<p><hw>Rate"pay`er</hw> <pr>(-p&amacr;`&etilde_;r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who pays rates or taxes.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Rat"er</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;t"&etilde_;r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who rates or estimates.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Rat"er</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who rates or scolds.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Rat"fish`</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;t"f&ibreve_;sh`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Rat-tail</er>.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Rath</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;th)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Ir. <ets>rath</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A hill or mound.</def> <mark>[Ireland]</mark>  <rj><au>Spenser.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>A kind of ancient fortification found in Ireland.</def><br/>
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<p><mhw>{ <hw>Rath</hw>, <hw>Rathe</hw>  }</mhw> <pr>(r&abreve;th)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>hr&aelig;&eth;</ets>, <ets>hr&aelig;d</ets>, quick, akin to OHG. <ets>hrad</ets>, Icel. <ets>hra&eth;r</ets>.]</ety> <def>Coming before others, or before the usual time; early.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Poetic]</mark><br/>
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<p><q>Bring the <qex>rathe</qex> primrose that forsaken dies.</q> <rj><qau>Milton.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><mhw>{ <hw>Rath</hw>, <hw>Rathe</hw>, }</mhw> <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Early; soon; betimes.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Poetic]</mark><br/>
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<p><q>Why rise ye up so <qex>rathe</qex>?</q> <rj><qau>Chaucer.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><q>Too <qex>rathe</qex> cut off by practice criminal.</q> <rj><qau>Spenser.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Rath"er</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;&thlig_;"&etilde_;r)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Compar. of <er>Rath</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <def>Prior; earlier; former.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
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<p><q>Now no man dwelleth at the <qex>rather</qex> town.</q> <rj><qau>Sir J. Mandeville.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Rath"er</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;&thlig_;"&etilde_;r; 277)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>hra&eth;or</ets>, compar. of <ets>hra&eth;e</ets>, <ets>hr&aelig;&eth;e</ets>, quickly, immediately. See <er>Rath</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety><br/>
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<p><sn>1.</sn> <def>Earlier; sooner; before.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
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<p><q>Thou shalt, quod he, be <qex>rather</qex> false than I.</q> <rj><qau>Chaucer.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><q>A good mean to come the <qex>rather</qex> to grace.</q> <rj><qau>Foxe.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>More readily or willingly; preferably.</def><br/>
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<p><q>My soul chooseth . . . death <qex>rather</qex> than my life.</q> <rj><qau>Job vii. 15.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>On the other hand; to the contrary of what was said or suggested; instead.</def><br/>
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<p><q>Was nothing bettered, but <qex>rather</qex> grew worse.</q> <rj><qau>Mark v. 26.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><sn>4.</sn> <def>Of two alternatives conceived of, this by preference to, or as more likely than, the other; somewhat.</def><br/>
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<p><q>He sought throughout the world, but sought in vain,<br/>
And nowhere finding, <qex>rather</qex> feared her slain.</q> <rj><qau>Dryden.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><sn>5.</sn> <def>More properly; more correctly speaking.</def><br/>
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<p><q>This is an art<br/>
Which does mend nature, change it <qex>rather</qex>, but<br/>
The art itself is nature.</q> <rj><qau>Shak.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><sn>6.</sn> <def>In some degree; somewhat; <as>as, the day is <ex>rather</ex> warm; the house is <ex>rather</ex> damp.</as></def><br/>
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<p><cs><col><b>The rather</b></col>, <cd>the more so; especially; for better reason; for particular cause.</cd><br/>
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<q>You are come to me in happy time,<br/>
<qex>The rather</qex> for I have some sport in hand.</q> <rj><qau>Shak.</qau></rj><br/>
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-- <mcol><col><b>Had rather</b></col>, <it>or</it> <col><b>Would rather</b></col></mcol>, <cd>prefer to; prefers to; <as>as, he <ex>had rather</ex>, or <ex>would rather</ex> go than stay</as>.</cd> &ldquo;I <xex>had rather</xex> speak five words with my understanding than ten thousand words in an unknown tongue.&rdquo; <au>1 Cor. xiv. 19.</au> See <cref>Had rather</cref>, under <er>Had</er>.</cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rath"ripe`</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;th"r&imacr;p`)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Rareripe, or early ripe.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>A rareripe.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</mark></def2><br/>
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<p><q>Such who delight in <qex>rathripe</qex> fruits.</q> <rj><qau>Fuller.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>&Verbar;Raths"kel`ler</hw> <pr>(r&auml;ts"k&ebreve_;l*l&etilde_;r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[G., also <asp>ratskeller</asp>, prop., town-hall cellar.]</ety> <def>Orig., in Germany, the cellar or basement of the city hall, usually rented for use as a restaurant where beer is sold; hence, a beer saloon of the German type below the street level, where, usually, drinks are served only at tables and simple food may also be had; -- sometimes loosely used, in English, of what are essentially basement restaurants where liquors are served.</def><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rat`i*fi*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;t`&ibreve_;*f&ibreve_;*k&amacr;"sh&ubreve;n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>ratification</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of ratifying; the state of being ratified; confirmation; sanction; <as>as, the <ex>ratification</ex> of a treaty</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rat"i*fi`er</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;t"&ibreve_;*f&imacr;`&etilde_;r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or that which, ratifies; a confirmer.</def>  <rj><au>Shak.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Rat"i*fy</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;t"&ibreve_;*f&imacr;)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Ratified</conjf> <pr>(r&abreve;t"&ibreve_;*f&imacr;d)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Ratifying</conjf> <pr>(r&abreve;t"&ibreve_;*f&imacr;`&ibreve_;ng)</pr>.]</vmorph> <ety>[F. <ets>ratifier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>ratus</ets> fixed by calculation, firm, valid + <ets>-ficare</ets> (in comp.) to make. See <er>Rate</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, and <er>-fy</er>.]</ety> <def>To approve and sanction; to make valid; to confirm; to establish; to settle; especially, to give sanction to, as something done by an agent or servant; <as>as, to <ex>ratify</ex> an agreement, treaty, or contract; to <ex>ratify</ex> a nomination.</as></def><br/>
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<p><q>It is impossible for the divine power to set a seal to a lie by <qex>ratifying</qex> an imposture with such a miracle.</q> <rj><qau>South.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Rat`i*ha*bi"tion</hw> <pr>(-h&adot_;*b&ibreve_;sh"&ubreve;n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>ratihabitio</ets>; <ets>ratus</ets> fixed, valid + <ets>habere</ets> to hold.]</ety> <def>Confirmation or approbation, as of an act or contract.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Jer. Taylor.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Ra"ti*o</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"sh&ibreve_;*&ouptack_; <i>or</i> r&amacr;"sh&ouptack_;)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>reri</ets>, <ets>ratus</ets>, to reckon, believe, think, judge. See <er>Reason</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>The relation which one quantity or magnitude has to another of the same kind. It is expressed by the quotient of the division of the first by the second; thus, the ratio of 3 to 6 is expressed by <frac>3/6</frac> or <frac>1/2</frac>; of <it>a</it> to <it>b</it> by <fract>a/b</fract>; or (less commonly) the second term is made the dividend; as, <mathex>a:b = <fract>b/a</fract></mathex>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><note>&hand_; Some writers consider <xex>ratio</xex> as the quotient itself, making ratio equivalent to a number.<br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]<pbr/>
The term <xex>ratio</xex> is also sometimes applied to the <xex>difference</xex> of two quantities as well as to their <xex>quotient</xex>, in which case the former is called <xex>arithmetical ratio</xex>, the latter, <xex>geometrical ratio</xex>. The name <xex>ratio</xex> is sometimes given to the <xex>rule of three</xex> in arithmetic. See under <er>Rule</er>.</note><br/>
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<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, fixed relation of number, quantity, or degree; rate; proportion; <as>as, the <ex>ratio</ex> of representation in Congress</as>.</def><br/>
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<p><cs><mcol><col><b>Compound ratio</b></col>, <col><b>Duplicate ratio</b></col>, <col><b>Inverse ratio</b></col>, etc.</mcol> <cd>See under <er>Compound</er>, <er>Duplicate</er>, etc.</cd> -- <col><b>Ratio of a geometrical progression</b></col>, <cd>the constant quantity by which each term is multiplied to produce the succeeding one.</cd></cs><br/>
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<p><hw>Ra`ti*oc"i*nate</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;sh`&ibreve_;*&obreve_;s"&ibreve_;*n&amacr;t)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>ratiocinatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>ratiocinari</ets>, fr. <ets>ratio</ets> reason. See <er>Ratio</er>.]</ety> <def>To reason, esp. deductively; to offer reason or argument.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Ra`ti*oc`i*na"tion</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;sh`&ibreve_;*&obreve_;s"&ibreve_;*n&amacr;"sh&ubreve;n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>ratiocinatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>ratiocination</ets>.]</ety> <def>The process of reasoning, or deducing conclusions from premises; deductive reasoning.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Ra`ti*oc"i*na*tive</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;sh`&ibreve_;*&obreve_;s"&ibreve_;*n&auptack_;*t&ibreve_;v)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>ratiocinativus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Characterized by, or addicted to, ratiocination; consisting in the comparison of propositions or facts, and the deduction of inferences from the comparison; argumentative; <as>as, a <ex>ratiocinative</ex> process</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>The <qex>ratiocinative</qex> meditativeness of his character.</q> <rj><qau>Coleridge.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Ra`ti*oc"i*na*to*ry</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;sh`&ibreve_;*&obreve_;s"&ibreve_;*n&adot_;*t&ouptack_;*r&ybreve_;)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Ratiocinative.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark><br/>
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<p><hw>Ra"tion</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"sh&ubreve;n <it>or</it> r&abreve;sh"&ubreve;n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>ratio</ets> a reckoning, calculation, relation, reference, LL. <ets>ratio</ets> ration. See <er>Ratio</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A fixed daily allowance of provisions assigned to a soldier in the army, or a sailor in the navy, for his subsistence.</def><br/>
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<p><note>&hand_; Officers have several rations, the number varying according to their rank or the number of their attendants.</note><br/>
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<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, a certain portion or fixed amount dealt out; an allowance; an allotment.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Ra"tion</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To supply with rations, as a regiment.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Ra"tion*al</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;sh"&ubreve;n*&aitalic_;l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>rationalis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>rationnel</ets>. See <er>Ratio</er>, <er>Reason</er>, and cf. <er>Rationale</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Relating to the reason; not physical; mental.</def><br/>
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<p><q>Moral philosophy was his chiefest end; for the <qex>rational</qex>, the natural, and mathematics . . . were but simple pastimes in comparison of the other.</q> <rj><qau>Sir T. North.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Having reason, or the faculty of reasoning; endowed with reason or understanding; reasoning.</def><br/>
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<p><q>It is our glory and happiness to have a <qex>rational</qex> nature.</q> <rj><qau>Law.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>Agreeable to reason; not absurd, preposterous, extravagant, foolish, fanciful, or the like; wise; judicious; <as>as, <ex>rational</ex> conduct; a <ex>rational</ex> man.</as></def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Expressing the type, structure, relations, and reactions of a compound; graphic; -- said of formul&aelig;. See under <er>Formula</er>.</def><br/>
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<p><cs><col><b>Rational horizon</b></col>. <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Horizon</er>, 2 <sd>(b)</sd>.</cd> -- <col><b>Rational quantity</b></col> <fld>(Alg.)</fld>, <cd>one that can be expressed without the use of a radical sign, or in exact parts of unity; -- opposed to <contr>irrational</contr> or <contr>radical quantity</contr>.</cd> -- <col><b>Rational symptom</b></col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>one elicited by the statements of the patient himself and not as the result of a physical examination.</cd></cs>
<!-- rational drug design. --><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><syn><b>Syn.</b> -- Sane; sound; intelligent; reasonable; sensible; wise; discreet; judicious.</syn>  -- <usage><er>Rational</er>, <er>reasonable</er>. <xex>Rational</xex> has reference to reason as a faculty of the mind, and is opposed to <xex>ir</xex>rational; <as>as, a <ex>rational</ex> being, a <ex>rational</ex> state of mind, <ex>rational</ex> views, etc.</as> In these cases the speculative reason is more particularly, referred to. <xex>Reasonable</xex> has reference to the exercise of this faculty for practical purposes, and means, governed or directed by reason; <as>as, <ex>reasonable</ex> desires or plans; a <ex>reasonable</ex> charge; a <ex>reasonable</ex> prospect of success</as>.</usage><br/>
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<p><q>What higher in her society thou find'st<br/>
Attractive, human, <qex>rational</qex>, love still.</q> <rj><qau>Milton.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><q>A law may be <qex>reasonable</qex> in itself, although a man does not allow it, or does not know the reason of the lawgivers.</q> <rj><qau>Swift.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Ra"tion*al</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A rational being.</def>  <rj><au>Young.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Ra`tion*a"le</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;sh`&ubreve;*n&abreve;l" <it>or</it> r&abreve;sh`&ubreve;n*&amacr;"l&euptack_;)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>rationalis</ets>, neut. <ets>rationale</ets>. See <er>Rational</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <def>An explanation or exposition of the principles of some opinion, action, hypothesis, phenomenon, or the like; also, the principles themselves.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Ra"tion*al*ism</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;sh"&ubreve;n*&aitalic_;l*&ibreve_;z'm)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>rationalisme</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>The doctrine or system of those who deduce their religious opinions from reason or the understanding, as distinct from, or opposed to, revelation.</def><br/>
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<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Philos.)</fld> <def>The system that makes rational power the ultimate test of truth; -- opposed to <xex>sensualism</xex>, or <xex>sensationalism</xex>, and <xex>empiricism</xex>.</def>  <rj><au>Fleming.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra"tion*al*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>rationaliste</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who accepts rationalism as a theory or system; also, disparagingly, a false reasoner. See Citation under <er>Reasonist</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><mhw>{ <hw>Ra`tion*al*is"tic</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;sh"&ubreve;n*&aitalic_;l*&ibreve_;s"t&ibreve_;k)</pr>, <hw>Ra`tion*al*is"tic*al</hw> <pr>(-t&ibreve_;*k&aitalic_;l)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <def>Belonging to, or in accordance with, the principles of rationalism.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Ra`tion*al*is"tic*al*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra`tion*al"i*ty</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;sh"&ubreve;n*&abreve;l"&ibreve_;*t&ybreve_;; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu><it>pl.</it> <plw>-ties</plw> <pr>(-t&ibreve_;z)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[F. <ets>rationalit&eacute;</ets>, or L. <ets>rationalitas</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of being rational; agreement with reason; possession of reason; due exercise of reason; reasonableness.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>When God has made <qex>rationality</qex> the common portion of mankind, how came it to be thy inclosure?</q> <rj><qau>Gov. of Tongue.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><q>Well-directed intentions, whose <qex>rationalities</qex> will never bear a rigid examination.</q> <rj><qau>Sir T. Browne.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra`tion*al*i*za"tion</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;sh`&ubreve;n*&aitalic_;l*&ibreve_;*z&amacr;"sh&ubreve;n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act or process of rationalizing.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra"tion*al*ize</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;sh"&ubreve;n*&aitalic_;l*&imacr;z)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make rational; also, to convert to rationalism.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To interpret in the manner of a rationalist.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>To form a rational conception of.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Alg.)</fld> <def>To render rational; to free from radical signs or quantities.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra"tion*al*ize</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To use, and rely on, reason in forming a theory, belief, etc., especially in matters of religion: to accord with the principles of rationalism.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Theodore . . . is justly considered the chief <qex>rationalizing</qex> doctor of antiquity.</q> <rj><qau>J. H. Newman.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra"tion*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a rational manner.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra"tion*al*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state of being rational; rationality.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>&Verbar;Ra*ti"t&aelig;</hw> <pr>(r&adot_;*t&imacr;"t&euptack_;)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>ratis</ets> a raft; cf. L. <ets>ratitus</ets> marked with the figure of a raft.]</ety> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>An order of birds in which the wings are small, rudimentary, or absent, and the breastbone is destitute of a keel. The ostrich, emu, moa, and apteryx are examples.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rat"i*tate</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;t"&ibreve_;*t&auptack_;t)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Ratit&aelig;.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rat"ite</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;t"&imacr;t)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Ratit&aelig;.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>One of the Ratit&aelig;.</def></def2><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><mhw>{ <hw>Rat"lines</hw>, <hw>Rat"lins</hw>  }</mhw> <pr>(r&abreve;t"l&ibreve_;nz)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[Of uncertain origin.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The small transverse ropes attached to the shrouds and forming the steps of a rope ladder.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>ratlings</asp>, and <asp>rattlings</asp>.]</altsp>  <rj><au>Totten.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rat"on</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;t"&obreve_;n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. <er>Raccoon</er>.]</ety> <def>A small rat.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Piers Plowman.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra*toon"</hw> <pr>(r&adot_;*t&oomacr_;n")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Same as <er>Rattoon</er>, <pos>n.</pos></def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>A rattan cane.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Pepys.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra*toon"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>Same as <er>Rattoon</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos></def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rats"bane`</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;ts"b&amacr;n`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[<ets>Rat</ets> + <ets>bane</ets>.]</ety> <def>Rat poison; white arsenic.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rats"baned`</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;ts"b&amacr;nd`)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Poisoned by ratsbane.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rat"-tail`</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;t"t&amacr;l`)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like a rat's tail in form; <as>as, a <ex>rat-tail</ex> file, which is round, slender, and tapering</as>. See <xex>Illust.</xex> of <er>File</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rat"-tail`</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>An excrescence growing from the pastern to the middle of the shank of a horse.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The California chim&aelig;ra. See <er>Chim&aelig;ra</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Any fish of the genus <gen>Macrurus</gen>. See <er>Grenadier</er>, 2.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rat"-tailed`</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;t"t&amacr;ld`)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>Having a long, tapering tail like that of a rat.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Rat-tailed larva</b></col> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld>, <cd>the larva of a fly of the genus Eristalis. See <er>Eristalis</er>.</cd> -- <col><b>Rat-tailed serpent</b></col> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld>, <cd>the fer-de-lance.</cd> -- <col><b>Rat-tailed shrew</b></col> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld>, <cd>the musk shrew.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rat*tan"</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;t*t&abreve;n")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Malay <ets>r&omacr;tan</ets>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>ratan</asp>.]</altsp> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>One of the long slender flexible stems of several species of palms of the genus <gen>Calamus</gen>, mostly East Indian, though some are African and Australian. They are exceedingly tough, and are used for walking sticks, wickerwork, chairs and seats of chairs, cords and cordage, and many other purposes.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rat*teen"</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;t*t&emacr;n")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>ratine</ets>.]</ety> <def>A thick woolen stuff quilled or twilled.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rat"ten</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;t"t'n)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Prov. E. <ets>ratten</ets> a rat, hence the verb literally means, to do mischief like a rat.]</ety> <def>To deprive feloniously of the tools used in one's employment (as by breaking or stealing them), for the purpose of annoying; <as>as, to <ex>ratten</ex> a mechanic who works during a strike</as>.</def> <mark>[Trades-union Cant]</mark>  <rj><au>J. McCarthy.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rat"ter</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;t"t&etilde_;r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who, or that which, rats, as one who deserts his party.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Anything which catches rats; esp., a dog trained to catch rats; a rat terrier. See <er>Terrier</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rat`ti*net"</hw> <pr>(-t&ibreve_;*n&ebreve_;t")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A woolen stuff thinner than ratteen.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rat"ting</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;t"t&ibreve_;ng)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The conduct or practices of one who rats.  See <er>Rat</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>, 1.</def>  <rj><au>Sydney Smith.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>The low sport of setting a dog upon rats confined in a pit to see how many he will kill in a given time.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rat"tle</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;t"t'l)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Rattled</conjf> <pr>(-t'ld)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Rattling</conjf> <pr>(-tl&ibreve_;ng)</pr>.]</vmorph> <ety>[Akin to D. <ets>ratelen</ets>, G. <ets>rasseln</ets>, AS. <ets>hr&aelig;tele</ets> a rattle, in <ets>hr&aelig;tel</ets>wyrt rattlewort; cf. Gr. <grk>kradai`nein</grk>  to swing, wave.  Cf. <er>Rail</er> a bird.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make a quick succession of sharp, inharmonious noises, as by the collision of hard and not very sonorous bodies shaken together; to clatter.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>And the rude hail in <qex>rattling</qex> tempest forms.</q> <rj><qau>Addison.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>'T was but the wind,<br/>
Or the car <qex>rattling</qex> o'er the stony street.</q> <rj><qau>Byron.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><!-- p. 1192 pr=vmg --></p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To drive or ride briskly, so as to make a clattering; <as>as, we <ex>rattled</ex> along for a couple of miles</as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>To make a clatter with the voice; to talk rapidly and idly; to clatter; -- with <xex>on</xex> or <xex>away</xex>; <as>as, she <ex>rattled</ex> on for an hour</as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rat"tle</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;t"t'l)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To cause to make a rattling or clattering sound; <as>as, to <ex>rattle</ex> a chain</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To assail, annoy, or stun with a rattling noise.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Sound but another [drum], and another shall<br/>
As loud as thine <qex>rattle</qex> the welkin's ear.</q> <rj><qau>Shak.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>Hence, to disconcert; to confuse; <as>as, to <ex>rattle</ex> one's judgment; to <ex>rattle</ex> a player in a game.</as></def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>4.</sn> <def>To scold; to rail at.</def>  <rj><au>L'Estrange.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>To rattle off</b></col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To tell glibly or noisily; <as>as, <ex>to rattle off</ex> a story</as>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To rail at; to scold.</cd> &ldquo;She would sometimes <xex>rattle off</xex> her servants sharply.&rdquo; <au>Arbuthnot.</au></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rat"tle</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A rapid succession of sharp, clattering sounds; <as>as, the <ex>rattle</ex> of a drum</as>.</def>  <rj><au>Prior.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Noisy, rapid talk.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>All this ado about the golden age is but an empty <qex>rattle</qex> and frivolous conceit.</q> <rj><qau>Hakewill.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>An instrument with which a rattling sound is made; especially, a child's toy that rattles when shaken.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>The <qex>rattles</qex> of Isis and the cymbals of Brasilea nearly enough resemble each other.</q> <rj><qau>Sir W. Raleigh.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Pleased with a <qex>rattle</qex>, tickled with a straw.</q> <rj><qau>Pope.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>4.</sn> <def>A noisy, senseless talker; a jabberer.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>It may seem strange that a man who wrote with so much perspicuity, vivacity, and grace, should have been, whenever he took a part in conversation, an empty, noisy, blundering <qex>rattle</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Macaulay.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>5.</sn> <def>A scolding; a sharp rebuke.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Heylin.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>Any organ of an animal having a structure adapted to produce a rattling sound.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><note>&hand_; The <xex>rattle</xex> of a rattlesnake is composed of the hardened terminal scales, loosened in succession, but not cast off, and so modified in form as to make a series of loose, hollow joints.</note><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>7.</sn> <def>The noise in the throat produced by the air in passing through mucus which the lungs are unable to expel; -- chiefly observable at the approach of death, when it is called the <xex>death rattle</xex>. See <er>R&acirc;le</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>To spring a rattle</b></col>, <cd>to cause it to sound.</cd> -- <col><b>Yellow rattle</b></col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a yellow-flowered herb (<spn>Rhinanthus Crista-galli</spn>), the ripe seeds of which rattle in the inflated calyx.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rat"tle*box`</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;t"t'l*b&obreve_;ks`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A toy that makes a rattling sound; a rattle.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An American herb (<spn>Crotalaria sagittalis</spn>), the seeds of which, when ripe, rattle in the inflated pod.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Any species of <spn>Crotalaria</spn>, a genus of yellow-flowered herbs, with inflated, many-seeded pods.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rat"tle-brained`</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;t"t'l*br&amacr;nd`)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Giddy; rattle-headed.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rat"tle*head`</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;t"t'l*h&ebreve_;d`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An empty, noisy talker.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rat"tle-head`ed</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Noisy; giddy; unsteady.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rat"tle*mouse`</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;t"t'l*mous`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A bat.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Puttenham.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rat"tle*pate`</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;t"t'l*p&amacr;t`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A rattlehead.</def>  <rj><au>C. Kingsley.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rat"tle-pat`ed</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Rattle-headed.</def> &ldquo;A noisy, <xex>rattle-pated</xex> fellow.&rdquo;  <rj><au>W. Irving.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rat"tler</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;t"tl&etilde_;r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or that which, rattles.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rat"tle*snake`</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;t"t'l*sn&amacr;k`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>Any one of several species of venomous American snakes belonging to the genera <gen>Crotalus</gen> and <gen>Caudisona</gen>, or <gen>Sistrurus</gen>; sometimes also called <altname>rattler</altname>.  They have a series of horny interlocking joints at the end of the tail which make a sharp rattling sound when shaken.  The common rattlesnake of the Northern United States (<spn>Crotalus horridus</spn>), and the <stype>diamondback rattlesnake</stype> (also called <altname>diamondback rattler</altname>, and <altname>diamondback</altname>) of the South and East (<spn>Crotalus adamanteus</spn>) and West (<spn>Crotalus atrox</spn>), are the best known. See <xex>Illust.</xex> of <er>Fang</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source> <source>+PJC</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Ground rattlesnake</b></col> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld>, <cd>a small rattlesnake (<spn>Caudisona miliaria</spn> or <spn>Sistrurus miliaria</spn>) of the Southern United States, having a small rattle. It has nine large scales on its head.</cd> -- <col><b>Rattlesnake fern</b></col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a common American fern (<spn>Botrychium Virginianum</spn>) having a triangular decompound frond and a long-stalked panicle of spore cases rising from the middle of the frond.</cd> -- <col><b>Rattlesnake grass</b></col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a handsome American grass (<spn>Glyceria Canadensis</spn>) with an ample panicle of rather large ovate spikelets, each one composed of imbricated parts and slightly resembling the rattle of the rattlesnake. Sometimes called <altname>quaking grass</altname>.</cd> -- <col><b>Rattlesnake plantain</b></col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>See under <er>Plantain</er>.</cd> -- <col><b>Rattlesnake root</b></col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a name given to certain American species of the composite genus <gen>Prenanthes</gen> (<spn>Prenanthes alba</spn> and <spn>Prenanthes serpentaria</spn>), formerly asserted to cure the bite of the rattlesnake.  Called also <altname>lion's foot</altname>, <altname>gall of the earth</altname>, and <altname>white lettuce</altname>.</cd> -- <col><b>Rattlesnake's master</b></col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A species of Agave (<spn>Agave Virginica</spn>) growing in the Southern United States</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>An umbelliferous plant (<spn>Eryngium yucc&aelig;folium</spn>) with large bristly-fringed linear leaves</cd>. <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>A composite plant, the blazing star (<spn>Liatris squarrosa</spn>).</cd> -- <col><b>Rattlesnake weed</b></col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a plant of the composite genus <gen>Hieracium</gen> (<spn>Hieracium venosum</spn>); -- probably so named from its spotted leaves. See also <er>Snakeroot</er>.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rat"tle*trap`</hw> <pr>(-tr&abreve;p`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Any machine or vehicle that does not run smoothly.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>  <rj><au>A. Trollope.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rat"tle*weed`</hw> <pr>(-w&emacr;d`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Any plant of the genus <gen>Astragalus</gen>. See <er>Milk vetch</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rat"tle*wings`</hw> <pr>(-w&ibreve_;ngz`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>The golden-eye.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rat"tle*wort`</hw> <pr>(-w&ucirc;rt`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>hr&aelig;telwyrt</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Rattlebox</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rat"tlings</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;t"tl&ibreve_;ngz)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Ratlines.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rat*toon"</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;t*t&oomacr_;n")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp. <ets>reto&ntilde;o</ets>.]</ety> <def>One of the stems or shoots of sugar cane of the second year's growth from the root, or later. See <er>Plant-cane</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rat*toon"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Rattooned</conjf> <pr>(-t&oomacr_;nd")</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Rattooning</conjf>.]</vmorph> <ety>[Cf. Sp. <ets>reto&ntilde;ar</ets>.]</ety> <def>To sprout or spring up from the root, as sugar cane from the root of the previous year's planting.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rau"cid</hw> <pr>(r&asuml_;"s&ibreve_;d)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>raucus</ets> hoarse; cf. LL. <ets>raucidus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Hoarse; raucous.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>  <rj><au>Lamb.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rau"ci*ty</hw> <pr>(r&asuml_;"s&ibreve_;*t&ybreve_;)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>raucitas</ets>, from <ets>raucus</ets> hoarse: cf. F. <ets>raucit&eacute;</ets>.]</ety> <def>Harshness of sound; rough utterance; hoarseness; <as>as, the <ex>raucity</ex> of a trumpet, or of the human voice</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rau"cous</hw> <pr>(r&asuml_;"k&ubreve;s)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>raucus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Hoarse; harsh; rough; <as>as, a <ex>raucous</ex>, thick tone</as>.</def> &ldquo;His voice slightly <xex>raucous</xex>.&rdquo; <au>Aytoun.</au> -- <wordforms><wf>Rau"cous*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Raught</hw> <pr>(r&asuml_;t)</pr>, <mark>obs.</mark> <def><pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> of <er>Reach</er>.</def>  <rj><au>Shak.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Raught</hw>, <mark>obs.</mark> <def><pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> of <er>Reck</er>.</def>  <rj><au>Chaucer.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Raunch</hw> <pr>(r&asuml_;nch)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>See <er>Ranch</er>.</def>  <rj><au>Spenser.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Raun*soun"</hw> <pr>(r&asuml_;n*s&oomacr_;n")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Ransom.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Chaucer.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rav"age</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;v"&auptack_;j; 48)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr. (assumed) L. <ets>rapagium</ets>, <ets>rapaticum</ets>, fr. <ets>rapere</ets> to carry off by force, to ravish. See <er>Rapacious</er>, <er>Ravish</er>.]</ety> <def>Desolation by violence; violent ruin or destruction; devastation; havoc; waste; <as>as, the <ex>ravage</ex> of a lion; the <ex>ravages</ex> of fire or tempest; the <ex>ravages</ex> of an army, or of time.</as></def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Would one think 't were possible for love<br/>
To make such <qex>ravage</qex> in a noble soul?</q> <rj><qau>Addison.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><syn><b>Syn.</b> -- Despoilment; devastation; desolation; pillage; plunder; spoil; waste; ruin.</syn><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rav"age</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Ravaged</conjf> <pr>(r&abreve;v"&auptack_;jd)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Ravaging</conjf> <pr>(r&abreve;v"&auptack_;*j&ibreve_;ng)</pr>.]</vmorph> <ety>[F. <ets>ravager</ets>. See <er>Ravage</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>To lay waste by force; to desolate by violence; to commit havoc or devastation upon; to spoil; to plunder; to consume.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Already C&aelig;sar<br/>
Has <qex>ravaged</qex> more than half the globe.</q> <rj><qau>Addison.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>His lands were daily <qex>ravaged</qex>, his cattle driven away.</q> <rj><qau>Macaulay.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><syn><b>Syn.</b> -- To despoil; pillage; plunder; sack; spoil; devastate; desolate; destroy; waste; ruin.</syn><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rav"a*ger</hw> <pr>(-&auptack_;*j&etilde_;r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or that which, ravages or lays waste; spoiler.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rave</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;v)</pr>, <mark>obs.</mark> <def><pos>imp.</pos> of <er>Rive</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rave</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Prov. E. <ets>raves</ets>, or <ets>rathes</ets>, a frame laid on a wagon, for carrying hay, etc.]</ety> <def>One of the upper side pieces of the frame of a wagon body or a sleigh.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rave</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;v)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Raved</conjf> <pr>(r&amacr;vd)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Raving</conjf>.]</vmorph> <ety>[F. <ets>r&ecirc;ver</ets> to rave, to be delirious, to dream; perhaps fr. L. <ets>rabere</ets> to rave, rage, be mad or furious.  Cf. <er>Rage</er>, <er>Reverie</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To wander in mind or intellect; to be delirious; to talk or act irrationally; to be wild, furious, or raging, as a madman.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>In our madness evermore we <qex>rave</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Chaucer.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Have I not cause to <qex>rave</qex> and beat my breast?</q> <rj><qau>Addison.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>The mingled torrent of redcoats and tartans went <qex>raving</qex> down the valley to the gorge of Killiecrankie.</q> <rj><qau>Macaulay.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To rush wildly or furiously.</def>  <rj><au>Spenser.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>To talk with unreasonable enthusiasm or excessive passion or excitement; -- followed by <xex>about</xex>, <xex>of</xex>, or <xex>on</xex>; <as>as, he <ex>raved</ex> about her beauty</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>The hallowed scene<br/>
Which others <qex>rave</qex> of, though they know it not.</q> <rj><qau>Byron.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rave</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To utter in madness or frenzy; to say wildly; <as>as, to <ex>rave</ex> nonsense</as>.</def>  <rj><au>Young.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rave</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An instance of raving.</def><br/>
[<source>PJC</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>A highly flattering or enthusiastic review of a play, book, etc.</def><br/>
[<source>PJC</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>A clamorous dance party, especially one featuring a band or disc jockey playing loud modern rock music oriented toward young people, held in a large room such as a warehouse, often organized by an informal or ad hoc sponsor.</def> <mark>[originally British slang]</mark><br/>
[<source>PJC</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rave"hook</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;v"h&oobreve_;k)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld> <def>A tool, hooked at the end, for enlarging or clearing seams for the reception of oakum.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rav"el</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;v"'l)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Raveled</conjf> <pr>(-'ld)</pr> or <conjf>Ravelled</conjf>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Raveling</conjf> or <conjf>Ravelling</conjf>.]</vmorph> <ety>[OD. <ets>ravelen</ets>, D. <ets>rafelen</ets>, akin to LG. <ets>rebeln</ets>, <ets>rebbeln</ets>, <ets>reffeln</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To separate or undo the texture of; to unravel; to take apart; to untwist; to unweave or unknit; -- often followed by <xex>out</xex>; <as>as, to <ex>ravel</ex> a twist; to <ex>ravel</ex> out a stocking.</as></def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Sleep, that knits up the <qex>raveled</qex> sleave of care.</q> <rj><qau>Shak.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To undo the intricacies of; to disentangle.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>To pull apart, as the threads of a texture, and let them fall into a tangled mass; hence, to entangle; to make intricate; to involve.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>What glory's due to him that could divide<br/>
Such <qex>raveled</qex> interests? has the knot untied?</q> <rj><qau>Waller.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>The faith of very many men seems a duty so weak and indifferent, is so often untwisted by violence, or <qex>raveled</qex> and entangled in weak discourses!</q> <rj><qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rav"el</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To become untwisted or unwoven; to be disentangled; to be relieved of intricacy.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To fall into perplexity and confusion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Till, by their own perplexities involved,<br/>
They <qex>ravel</qex> more, still less resolved.</q> <rj><qau>Milton.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>To make investigation or search, as by picking out the threads of a woven pattern.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>The humor of <qex>raveling</qex> into all these mystical or entangled matters.</q> <rj><qau>Sir W. Temple.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rav"el*er</hw> <pr>(-&etilde_;r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Also <ets>raveller</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who ravels.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rave"lin</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;v"l&ibreve_;n; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.; cf. Sp. <ets>rebellin</ets>, It. <ets>revellino</ets>, <ets>rivellino</ets>; perhaps fr. L. <ets>re-</ets> again + <ets>vallum</ets> wall.]</ety> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>A detached work with two embankments which make a salient angle. It is raised before the curtain on the counterscarp of the place. Formerly called <altname>demilune</altname> and <altname>half-moon</altname>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rav"el*ing</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;v"'l*&ibreve_;ng)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Also <ets>ravelling</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of untwisting or of disentangling.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is raveled out; esp., a thread detached from a texture.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra"ven</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"v'n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>hr&aelig;fn</ets>; akin to D. <ets>raaf</ets>, G. <ets>rabe</ets>, OHG. <ets>hraban</ets>, Icel. <ets>hrafn</ets>, Dan. <ets>ravn</ets>, and perhaps to L. <ets>corvus</ets>, Gr. <grk>ko`rax</grk>. &radic;19.]</ety> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>A large black passerine bird (<spn>Corvus corax</spn>), similar to the crow, but larger, and has a harsh, loud call. It is native of the northern parts of Europe, Asia and America, and is noted for its sagacity.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Sea raven</b></col> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld>, <cd>the cormorant.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra"ven</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of the color of the raven; jet black; <as>as, <ex>raven</ex> curls; <ex>raven</ex> darkness.</as></def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><!-- raven-haired --><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rav"en</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;v"'n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF. <ets>ravine</ets> impetuosity, violence, F. <ets>ravine</ets> ravine. See <er>Ravine</er>, <er>Rapine</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>ravin</asp>, and <asp>ravine</asp>.]</altsp> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Rapine; rapacity.</def> <rj><au>Ray.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Prey; plunder; food obtained by violence.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rav"en</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Ravened</conjf> <pr>(r&abreve;v"'nd)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Ravening</conjf>.]</vmorph> <ety>[Written also <ets>ravin</ets>, and <ets>ravine</ets>.]</ety><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>1.</sn> <def>To obtain or seize by violence.</def>  <rj><au>Hakewill.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To devour with great eagerness.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Like rats that <qex>ravin</qex> down their proper bane.</q> <rj><qau>Shak.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rav"en</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To prey with rapacity; to be greedy; to show rapacity.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>ravin</asp>, and <asp>ravine</asp>.]</altsp><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Benjamin shall <qex>raven</qex> as a wolf.</q> <rj><qau>Gen. xlix. 27.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>&Verbar;Rav`e*na"la</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;v`&euptack_;*n&auml;"l&adot_;)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Malagasy.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of plants related to the banana.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><note>&hand_; <spn>Ravenala Madagascariensis</spn>, the principal species, is an unbranched tree with immense oarlike leaves growing alternately from two sides of the stem. The sheathing bases of the leafstalks collect and retain rain water, which flows freely when they are pierced with a knife, whence the plant is called <altname>traveler's tree</altname>.</note><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rav"en*er</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;v"'n*&etilde_;r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who, or that which, ravens or plunders.</def>  <rj><au>Gower.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>A bird of prey, as the owl or vulture.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Holland.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rav"en*ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Eagerness for plunder; rapacity; extortion.</def>  <rj><au>Luke xi. 39.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rav"en*ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Greedily devouring; rapacious; <as>as, <ex>ravening</ex> wolves</as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Rav"en*ing*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rav"en*ous</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;v"'n*&ubreve;s)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From 2d <er>Raven</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Devouring with rapacious eagerness; furiously voracious; hungry even to rage; <as>as, a <ex>ravenous</ex> wolf or vulture</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Eager for prey or gratification; <as>as, a <ex>ravenous</ex> appetite or desire</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p>-- <wordforms><wf>Rav"en*ous*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> -- <wf>Rav"en*ous*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra"ven's-duck`</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"v'nz-d&ubreve;k`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. G. <ets>ravenstuch</ets>.]</ety> <def>A fine quality of sailcloth.</def>  <rj><au>Ham. Nav. Encyc.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rav"er</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;v"&etilde_;r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who raves.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rav"in</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;v"'n)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Ravenous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Shak.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><mhw>{ <hw>Rav"in</hw>, <hw>Rav"ine</hw>  }</mhw> <pr>(r&abreve;v"'n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See 2d <er>Raven</er>.]</ety> <def>Food obtained by violence; plunder; prey; raven.</def> &ldquo;Fowls of <xex>ravyne</xex>.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Chaucer.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Though Nature, red in tooth and claw<br/>
With <qex>ravine</qex>, shrieked against his creed.</q> <rj><qau>Tennyson.</qau></rj>
<!-- famous quote from In memoriam, 56, st. 4 --><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><mhw>{ <hw>Rav"in</hw>, <hw>Rav"ine</hw>, }</mhw> <pos>v. t. &amp; i.</pos> <def>See <er>Raven</er>, <pos>v. t. &amp; i.</pos></def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra*vine"</hw> <pr>(r&adot_;*v&emacr;n")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., a place excavated by a torrent, a ravine, fr. <ets>ravir</ets> to snatch or tear away, L. <ets>rapere</ets>; cf. L. <ets>rapina</ets> rapine. See <er>Ravish</er>, and cf. <er>Rapine</er>, <er>Raven</er> prey.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A torrent of water.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Cotgrave.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>A deep and narrow hollow, usually worn by a stream or torrent of water; a gorge; a mountain cleft.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rav"ing</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;v"&ibreve_;ng)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Talking irrationally and wildly; <as>as, a <ex>raving</ex> lunatic</as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Rav"ing*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rav"ish</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;v"&ibreve_;sh)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Ravished</conjf> <pr>(-&ibreve_;sht)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Ravishing</conjf>.]</vmorph> <ety>[OE. <ets>ravissen</ets>, F. <ets>ravir</ets>, fr. L. <ets>rapere</ets> to snatch or tear away, to ravish. See <er>Rapacious</er>, <er>Rapid</er>, and <er>-ish</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To seize and carry away by violence; to snatch by force.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>These hairs which thou dost <qex>ravish</qex> from my chin<br/>
Will quicken, and accuse thee.</q> <rj><qau>Shak.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>This hand shall <qex>ravish</qex> thy pretended right.</q> <rj><qau>Dryden.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To transport with joy or delight; to delight to ecstasy.</def> &ldquo;<xex>Ravished</xex> . . . for the joy.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Chaucer.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Thou hast <qex>ravished</qex> my heart.</q> <rj><qau>Cant. iv. 9.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>To have carnal knowledge of (a woman) by force, and against her consent; to rape.</def>  <rj><au>Shak.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><syn><b>Syn.</b> -- To transport; entrance; enrapture; delight; violate; deflower; force.</syn><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rav"ish*er</hw> <pr>(-&etilde_;r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who ravishes (in any sense).</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rav"ish*ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Rapturous; transporting.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rav"ish*ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a ravishing manner.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rav"ish*ment</hw> <pr>(-m&eitalic_;nt)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>ravissement</ets>. See <er>Ravish</er>.]</ety><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of carrying away by force or against consent; abduction; <as>as, the <ex>ravishment</ex> of children from their parents, of a ward from his guardian, or of a wife from her husband</as>.</def>  <rj><au>Blackstone.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>The state of being ravished; rapture; transport of delight; ecstasy.</def>  <rj><au>Spenser.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>In whose sight all things joy, with <qex>ravishment</qex><br/>
Attracted by thy beauty still to gaze.</q> <rj><qau>Milton.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>The act of ravishing a woman; rape.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rav"is*sant</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;v"&ibreve_;s*s&abreve;nt)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>In a half-raised position, as if about to spring on prey.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><!-- p. 1193 pr=vmg --></p>

<p><hw>Raw</hw> <pr>(r&asuml_;)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <amorph>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <adjf>Rawer</adjf> <pr>(r&asuml_;"&etilde_;r)</pr>; <pos>superl.</pos> <adjf>Rawest</adjf>.]</amorph> <ety>[AS. <ets>hre&aacute;w</ets>; akin to D. <ets>raauw</ets>, LG. <ets>rau</ets>, G. <ets>roh</ets>, OHG. <ets>r&omacr;</ets>, Icel. <ets>hr&amacr;r</ets>, Dan. <ets>raa</ets>, Sw. <ets>r&aring;</ets>, L. <ets>crudus</ets>, Gr. <grk>kre`as</grk> flesh, Skr. <ets>kravis</ets> raw flesh. &radic;18.  Cf. <er>Crude</er>, <er>Cruel</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Not altered from its natural state; not prepared by the action of heat; <as>as, <ex>raw</ex> sienna</as>;</def> <specif>specifically,</specif> <def>not cooked; not changed by heat to a state suitable for eating; not done; <as>as, <ex>raw</ex> meat</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence: Unprepared for use or enjoyment; immature; unripe; unseasoned; inexperienced; unpracticed; untried; <as>as, <ex>raw</ex> soldiers; a <ex>raw</ex> recruit.</as></def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Approved himself to the <qex>raw</qex> judgment of the multitude.</q> <rj><qau>De Quincey.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>Not worked in due form; in the natural state; untouched by art; unwrought.</def> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Not distilled; <as>as, <ex>raw</ex> water</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <au>Bacon.</au> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Not spun or twisted; <as>as, <ex>raw</ex> silk or cotton</as>.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>Not mixed or diluted; <as>as, <ex>raw</ex> spirits</as>.</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <def>Not tried; not melted and strained; <as>as, <ex>raw</ex> tallow</as>.</def> <sd>(e)</sd> <def>Not tanned; <as>as, <ex>raw</ex> hides</as>.</def> <sd>(f)</sd> <def>Not trimmed, covered, or folded under; <as>as, the <ex>raw</ex> edge of a piece of metal or of cloth</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>4.</sn> <def>Not covered; bare.</def> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Bald.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> &ldquo;With skull all <xex>raw</xex>.&rdquo;  <au>Spenser</au> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Deprived of skin; galled; <as>as, a <ex>raw</ex> sore</as>.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>Sore, as if by being galled.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>And all his sinews waxen weak and <qex>raw</qex><br/>
Through long imprisonment.</q> <rj><qau>Spenser.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>5.</sn> <def>Disagreeably damp or cold; chilly; bleak; <as>as, a <ex>raw</ex> wind</as>.</def> &ldquo;A <xex>raw</xex> and gusty day.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Shak.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Raw material</b></col>, <cd>material that has not been subjected to a (specified) process of manufacture; <as>as, ore is the <ex>raw material</ex> used in smelting; leather is the <ex>raw material</ex> of the shoe industry</as>.</cd> -- <col><b>Raw pig</b></col>, <cd>cast iron as it comes from the smelting furnace.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Raw</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A raw, sore, or galled place; a sensitive spot; <as>as, to touch one on the <ex>raw</ex></as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Like savage hackney coachmen, they know where there is a <qex>raw</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>De Quincey.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Raw"bone`</hw> <pr>(r&asuml_;"b&omacr;n`)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Rawboned.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Spenser.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Raw"boned`</hw> <pr>(-b&omacr;nd`)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having little flesh on the bones; gaunt.</def>  <rj><au>Shak.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Raw"head`</hw> <pr>(r&asuml_;"h&ebreve_;d`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A specter mentioned to frighten children; <as>as, <ex>rawhead</ex> and bloodybones</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Raw"hide`</hw> <pr>(r&asuml_;"h&imacr;d`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A cowhide, or coarse riding whip, made of untanned (or raw) hide twisted.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Raw"ish</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Somewhat raw.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>  <rj><au>Marston.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Raw"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>In a raw manner; unskillfully; without experience.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Without proper preparation or provision.</def>  <rj><au>Shak.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Raw"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state of being raw.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ray</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[An aphetic form of <ets>array</ets>; cf. <er>Beray</er>.]</ety>  <sn>1.</sn> <def>To array.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Sir T. More.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To mark, stain, or soil; to streak; to defile.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> &ldquo;The filth that did it <xex>ray</xex>.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Spenser.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ray</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Array; order; arrangement; dress.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>And spoiling all her gears and goodly <qex>ray</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Spenser.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ray</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF. <ets>rai</ets>, F. <ets>rais</ets>, fr. L. <ets>radius</ets> a beam or ray, staff, rod, spoke of a wheel.  Cf. <er>Radius</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One of a number of lines or parts diverging from a common point or center, like the radii of a circle; <as>as, a star of six <ex>rays</ex></as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A radiating part of a flower or plant; the marginal florets of a compound flower, as an aster or a sunflower; one of the pedicels of an umbel or other circular flower cluster; radius. See <er>Radius</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One of the radiating spines, or cartilages, supporting the fins of fishes.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One of the spheromeres of a radiate, especially one of the arms of a starfish or an ophiuran.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A line of light or heat proceeding from a radiant or reflecting point; a single element of light or heat propagated continuously; <as>as, a solar <ex>ray</ex>; a polarized <ex>ray</ex>.</as></def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One of the component elements of the total radiation from a body; any definite or limited portion of the spectrum; <as>as, the red <ex>ray</ex>; the violet <ex>ray</ex>.</as> See <ex>Illust</ex>. under <er>Light</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>5.</sn> <def>Sight; perception; vision; -- from an old theory of vision, that sight was something which proceeded from the eye to the object seen.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>All eyes direct their <qex>rays</qex><br/>
On him, and crowds turn coxcombs as they gaze.</q> <rj><qau>Pope.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>One of a system of diverging lines passing through a point, and regarded as extending indefinitely in both directions. See <er>Half-ray</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Bundle of rays</b></col>. <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Pencil of rays</cref>, below.</cd> -- <col><b>Extraordinary ray</b></col> <fld>(Opt.)</fld>, <cd>that one of two parts of a ray divided by double refraction which does not follow the ordinary law of refraction.</cd> -- <col><b>Ordinary ray</b></col> <fld>(Opt.)</fld> <cd>that one of the two parts of a ray divided by double refraction which follows the usual or ordinary law of refraction.</cd> -- <col><b>Pencil of rays</b></col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>a definite system of rays.</cd> -- <mcol><col><b>Ray flower</b></col>, <it>or</it> <col><b>Ray floret</b></col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>one of the marginal flowers of the capitulum in such composite plants as the aster, goldenrod, daisy, and sunflower.  They have an elongated, strap-shaped corolla, while the corollas of the disk flowers are tubular and five-lobed.</cd> -- <col><b>Ray point</b></col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>the common point of a pencil of rays.</cd> -- <col><b>R&ouml;ntgen ray</b></col> <pr>(r&etilde_;nt"g&ebreve_;n r&amacr;`)</pr> <fld>(Phys.)</fld>, <cd>a kind of ray generated in a very highly exhausted vacuum tube by the electrical discharge; now more commonly called <altname>X-ray</altname>. It is composed of electromagnetic radiation of wavelength shorter than that of ultraviolet light, and is capable of passing through many bodies opaque to light, and producing photographic and fluorescent effects by which means pictures showing the internal structure of opaque objects are made, called <xex>radiographs</xex>, <xex>sciagraphs</xex>, <xex>X-ray photographs</xex>, <xex>radiograms</xex>, or <xex>X-rays</xex>. So called from the discoverer, W. C. <etsep>R&ouml;ntgen</etsep>.</cd> -- <col><b>X ray</b></col>, <cd>the R&ouml;ntgen ray; -- so called by its discoverer because of its enigmatical character, <it>x</it> being an algebraic symbol for an unknown quantity.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source> <source>+PJC</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ray</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Rayed</conjf> <pr>(r&amacr;d)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Raying</conjf>.]</vmorph> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>raier</ets>, <ets>raiier</ets>, <ets>rayer</ets>, L. <ets>radiare</ets> to irradiate. See <er>Ray</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, and cf. <er>Radiate</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To mark with long lines; to streak.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Chaucer.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <ety>[From <er>Ray</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>To send forth or shoot out; to cause to shine out; <as>as, to <ex>ray</ex> smiles</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>  <rj><au>Thomson.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ray</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To shine, as with rays.</def>  <rj><au>Mrs. Browning.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ray</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>raie</ets>, L. <ets>raia</ets>.  Cf. <er>Roach</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Any one of numerous elasmobranch fishes of the order Rai&aelig;, including the skates, torpedoes, sawfishes, etc.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>In a restricted sense, any of the broad, flat, narrow-tailed species, as the skates and sting rays. See <er>Skate</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Bishop ray</b></col>, <cd>a yellow-spotted, long-tailed eagle ray (<spn>Stoasodon n&agrave;rinari</spn>) of the Southern United States and the West Indies.</cd> -- <col><b>Butterfly ray</b></col>, <cd>a short-tailed American sting ray (<spn>Pteroplatea Maclura</spn>), having very broad pectoral fins.</cd> -- <col><b>Devil ray</b></col>. <cd>See <er>Sea Devil</er>.</cd> -- <col><b>Eagle ray</b></col>, <cd>any large ray of the family <fam>Myliobatid&aelig;</fam>, or <fam>&AElig;tobatid&aelig;</fam>. The common European species (<spn>Myliobatis aquila</spn>) is called also <altname>whip ray</altname>, and <altname>miller</altname>.</cd> -- <mcol><col><b>Electric ray</b></col>, or <col><b>Cramp ray</b></col></mcol>, <cd>a torpedo.</cd> -- <col><b>Starry ray</b></col>, <cd>a common European skate (<spn>Raia radiata</spn>).</cd> -- <col><b>Sting ray</b></col>, <cd>any one of numerous species of rays of the family <fam>Trygonid&aelig;</fam> having one or more large, sharp, barbed dorsal spines on the whiplike tail.  Called also <altname>stingaree</altname>.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>&Verbar;Ra"yah</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"y&adot_; <i>or</i> r&auml;"y&adot_;)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Ar. <ets>ra'iyah</ets> a herd, a subject, fr. <ets>ra'a</ets> to pasture, guard.]</ety> <def>A person not a Mohammedan, who pays the capitation tax.</def> <mark>[Turkey.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ray" grass`</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;" gr&adot_;s`)</pr>. <ety>[Etymol. of <ets>ray</ets> is uncertain.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A perennial European grass (<spn>Lolium perenne</spn>); -- called also <altname>rye grass</altname>, and <altname>red darnel</altname>. See <er>Darnel</er>, and <er>Grass</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><mcol><col><b>Italian ray grass</b></col> or <col><b>Italian rye grass</b></col></mcol>. <cd>See <er>Darnel</er>, and <er>Grass</er>.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ray"less</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"l&ebreve_;s)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Destitute of rays; hence, dark; not illuminated; blind; <as>as, a <ex>rayless</ex> sky; <ex>rayless</ex> eyes.</as></def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ray"on</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"&obreve_;n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>Ray; beam.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Spenser.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ray"on</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"&obreve_;n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A synthetic fiber, made of thin filaments of regenerated cellulose, extruded from a solution of <er>viscose</er>.  Called also <altname>viscose fiber</altname> and <altname>viscose rayon fiber</altname>.</def><br/>
[<source>PJC</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>a textile fabric made from rayon{1}.</def><br/>
[<source>PJC</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ray"on*nant</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"&obreve_;n*n&abreve;nt)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Darting forth rays, as the sun when it shines out.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Raze</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;z)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Race</er>.]</ety> <def>A Shakespearean word (used once) supposed to mean the same as <xex>race</xex>, a root.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Raze</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Razed</conjf> <pr>(r&amacr;zd)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Razing</conjf>.]</vmorph> <ety>[F. <ets>raser</ets>. See <er>Rase</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>rase</asp>.]</altsp> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To erase; to efface; to obliterate.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q><qex>Razing</qex> the characters of your renown.</q> <rj><qau>Shak.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To subvert from the foundation; to lay level with the ground; to overthrow; to destroy; to demolish.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>The royal hand that <qex>razed</qex> unhappy Troy.</q> <rj><qau>Dryden.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><syn><b>Syn.</b> -- To demolish; level; prostrate; overthrow; subvert; destroy; ruin. See <er>Demolish</er>.</syn><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Razed</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;zd)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Slashed or striped in patterns.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> &ldquo;Two Provincial roses on my <xex>razed</xex> shoes.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Shak.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra*zee"</hw> <pr>(r&adot_;*z&emacr;")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. vaisseau <ets>ras&eacute;</ets>, fr. <ets>raser</ets> to raze, to cut down ships. See <er>Raze</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>, <er>Rase</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>An armed ship having her upper deck cut away, and thus reduced to the next inferior rate, as a seventy-four cut down to a frigate.</def>  <rj><au>Totten.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra*zee"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Razeed</conjf> <pr>(r&adot_;*z&emacr;d")</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Razeeing</conjf>.]</vmorph> <def>To cut down to a less number of decks, and thus to an inferior rate or class, as a ship; hence, to prune or abridge by cutting off or retrenching parts; <as>as, to <ex>razee</ex> a book, or an article</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra"zor</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"z&etilde_;r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>rasour</ets>, OF. <ets>rasur</ets>, LL. <ets>rasor</ets>: cf. F. <ets>rasoir</ets>, LL. <ets>rasorium</ets>. See <er>Raze</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>, <er>Rase</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A keen-edged knife of peculiar shape, used in shaving the hair from the face or the head; also called a <altname>straight razor</altname>.</def> &ldquo;Take thee a barber's <xex>razor</xex>.&rdquo; <rj><au>Ezek. v. 1.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>a device used for shaving, having a replaceable blade with a very sharp edge; also called <altname>safety razor</altname>.  Also a similar device, made of plastic, in which the blade is neither replaceable nor can be sharpened, intended to be discarded after the blade dulls -- called a <altname>disposable razor</altname>.</def><br/>
[<source>PJC</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>A tusk of a wild boar.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Razor fish</b></col>. <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A small Mediterranean fish (<spn>Coryph&aelig;na novacula</spn>), prized for the table</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The razor shell.</cd> -- <col><b>Razor grass</b></col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a West Indian plant (<spn>Scleria scindens</spn>), the triangular stem and the leaves of which are edged with minute sharp teeth.</cd> -- <col><b>Razor grinder</b></col> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld>, <cd>the European goat-sucker.</cd> -- <col><b>Razor shell</b></col> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld>, <cd>any marine bivalve shell belonging to <gen>Solen</gen> and allied genera, especially <spn>Solen ensis</spn> (or <spn>Ensatella ensis</spn>), and <spn>Solen Americana</spn>, which have a long, narrow, somewhat curved shell, resembling a razor handle in shape. Called also <altname>razor clam</altname>, <altname>razor fish</altname>, <altname>knife handle</altname>.</cd> -- <col><b>Razor stone</b></col>. <cd>Same as <er>Novaculite</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col><b>Razor strap</b></col>, or <col><b>razor strop</b></col></mcol>, <cd>a strap or strop used in sharpening razors.</cd></cs><!-- ##?? safety razor; disposable razor; electric razor --><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra"zor*a*ble</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"z&etilde_;r*&adot_;*b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Ready for the razor; fit to be shaved.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>  <rj><au>Shak.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra"zor*back`</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"z&etilde_;r*b&abreve;k`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>The rorqual.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra"zor-backed"</hw> <pr>(-b&abreve;kt`)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>Having a sharp, lean, or thin back; <as>as, a <ex>razor-backed</ex> hog, perch, etc.</as></def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra"zor*bill`</hw> <pr>(-b&ibreve_;l`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A species of auk (<spn>Alca torda</spn>) common in the Arctic seas. See <er>Auk</er>, and <xex>Illust.</xex> in Appendix.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>See <er>Cutwater</er>, 3.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>ra"zor-edged</hw> <pos>a.</pos> <def>having an edge as sharp as that of a razor; very sharp.</def><br/>
[<source>PJC</source>]</p>

<p><hw>ra"zor-thin</hw> <pos>a.</pos> <def>as thin as a razor blade; very thin.</def><br/>
[<source>PJC</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra"zure</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"zh&uuptack_;r; 135)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Rasure</er>.]</ety>  <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of erasing or effacing, or the state of being effaced; obliteration. See <er>Rasure</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>An erasure; a change made by erasing.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>&Verbar;Raz"zi*a</hw> <pr>(r&auml;"z&euptack_;*&auml;)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr. Ar. <ets>gh&amacr;z&imacr;a</ets> (pron. <ets>razia</ets> in Algeria).]</ety> <def>A plundering and destructive incursion; a foray; a raid.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re-</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;-)</pr>. <ety>[L. <ets>re-</ets>, older form (retained before vowels) <ets>red-</ets>: cf. F. <ets>re-</ets>, <ets>r&eacute;-</ets>.]</ety> <def>A prefix signifying <xex>back</xex>, <xex>against</xex>, <xex>again</xex>, <xex>anew</xex>; <as>as, <ex>re</ex>cline, to lean back; <ex>re</ex>call, to call back; <ex>re</ex>cede; <ex>re</ex>move; <ex>re</ex>claim, to call out against; <ex>re</ex>pugn, to fight against; <ex>re</ex>cognition, a knowing again; <ex>re</ex>join, to join again; <ex>re</ex>iterate; <ex>re</ex>assure</as>. Combinations containing the prefix <ex>re-</ex> are readily formed, and are for the most part of obvious signification.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;)</pr>. <ety>[It.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A syllable applied in solmization to the second tone of the diatonic scale of C; in the American system, to the second tone of any diatonic scale.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`ab*sorb"</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;`&abreve;b*s&ocirc;rb")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To absorb again; to draw in, or imbibe, again what has been effused, extravasated, or thrown off; to swallow up again; <as>as, to <ex>reabsorb</ex> chyle, lymph, etc.</as>; -- used esp. of fluids.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`ab*sorp"tion</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;`&abreve;b*s&ocirc;rp"sh&ubreve;n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act or process of reabsorbing.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`ac*cess"</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;`&abreve;k*s&ebreve_;s" <i>or</i> r&euptack_;*&abreve;k"s&ebreve_;s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A second access or approach; a return.</def>  <rj><au>Hakewill.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`ac*cuse"</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;`&abreve;k*k&umacr;z")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To accuse again.</def>  <rj><au>Cheyne.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Reach</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;ch)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To retch.</def> <rj><au>Cheyne.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Reach</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An effort to vomit.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Reach</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Reached</conjf> <pr>(r&emacr;cht)</pr> (<conjf>Raught</conjf>, the old preterit, is obsolete); <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Reaching</conjf>.]</vmorph> <ety>[OE. <ets>rechen</ets>, AS. <ets>r&aemacr_;can</ets>, <ets>r&aemacr_;cean</ets>, to extend, stretch out; akin to D. <ets>reiken</ets>, G. <ets>reichen</ets>, and possibly to AS. <ets>r&imacr;ce</ets> powerful, rich, E. <ets>rich</ets>. &radic;115.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To extend; to stretch; to thrust out; to put forth, as a limb, a member, something held, or the like.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Her tresses yellow, and long straughten,<br/>
Unto her heeles down they <qex>raughten</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Rom. of R.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q><qex>Reach</qex> hither thy hand and thrust it into my side.</q> <rj><qau>John xx. 27.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Fruit trees, over woody, <qex>reached</qex> too far<br/>
Their pampered boughs.</q> <rj><qau>Milton.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, to deliver by stretching out a member, especially the hand; to give with the hand; to pass to another; to hand over; <as>as, to <ex>reach</ex> one a book</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>He <qex>reached</qex> me a full cup.</q> <rj><qau>2 Esd. xiv. 39.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>To attain or obtain by stretching forth the hand; to extend some part of the body, or something held by one, so as to touch, strike, grasp, or the like; <as>as, to <ex>reach</ex> an object with the hand, or with a spear</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>O patron power, . . . thy present aid afford,<br/>
Than I may <qex>reach</qex> the beast.</q> <rj><qau>Dryden.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>4.</sn> <def>To strike, hit, or touch with a missile; <as>as, to <ex>reach</ex> an object with an arrow, a bullet, or a shell</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>5.</sn> <def>Hence, to extend an action, effort, or influence to; to penetrate to; to pierce, or cut, as far as.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>If these examples of grown men <qex>reach</qex> not the case of children, let them examine.</q> <rj><qau>Locke.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>6.</sn> <def>To extend to; to stretch out as far as; to touch by virtue of extent; <as>as, his land <ex>reaches</ex> the river</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Thy desire . . . leads to no excess<br/>
That <qex>reaches</qex> blame.</q> <rj><qau>Milton.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>7.</sn> <def>To arrive at; to come to; to get as far as.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Before this letter <qex>reaches</qex> your hands.</q> <rj><qau>Pope.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>8.</sn> <def>To arrive at by effort of any kind; to attain to; to gain; to be advanced to.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>The best account of the appearances of nature which human penetration can <qex>reach</qex>, comes short of its reality.</q> <rj><qau>Cheyne.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>9.</sn> <def>To understand; to comprehend.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Do what, sir? I <qex>reach</qex> you not.</q> <rj><qau>Beau. &amp; Fl.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>10.</sn> <def>To overreach; to deceive.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>South.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Reach</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To stretch out the hand.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Goddess humane, <qex>reach</qex>, then, and freely taste!</q> <rj><qau>Milton.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To strain after something; to make efforts.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q><qex>Reaching</qex> above our nature does no good.</q> <rj><qau>Dryden.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>To extend in dimension, time, amount, action, influence, etc., so as to touch, attain to, or be equal to, something.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>And behold, a ladder set upon the earth, and the top of it <qex>reached</qex> to heaven.</q> <rj><qau>Gen. xxviii. 12.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>The new world <qex>reaches</qex> quite across the torrid zone.</q> <rj><qau>Boyle.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To sail on the wind, as from one point of tacking to another, or with the wind nearly abeam.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><mcol><col><b>To reach after</b></col> <it>or</it> <col><b>To reach for</b></col> <it>or</it> <col><b>To reach at</b></col></mcol>, <cd>to make efforts to attain to or obtain.</cd><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]<pbr/>
<q>He would be in the posture of the mind <qex>reaching after</qex> a positive idea of infinity.</q> <rj><qau>Locke.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</cs></p>

<p><hw>Reach</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of stretching or extending; extension; power of reaching or touching with the person, or a limb, or something held or thrown; <as>as, the fruit is beyond my <ex>reach</ex>; to be within <ex>reach</ex> of cannon shot.</as></def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>The power of stretching out or extending action, influence, or the like; power of attainment or management; extent of force or capacity.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Drawn by others who had deeper <qex>reaches</qex> than themselves to matters which they least intended.</q> <rj><qau>Hayward.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Be sure yourself and your own <qex>reach</qex> to know.</q> <rj><qau>Pope.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>Extent; stretch; expanse; hence, application; influence; result; scope.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>And on the left hand, hell,<br/>
With long <qex>reach</qex>, interposed.</q> <rj><qau>Milton.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>I am to pray you not to strain my speech<br/>
To grosser issues, nor to larger <qex>reach</qex><br/>
Than to suspicion.</q> <rj><qau>Shak.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>4.</sn> <def>An extended portion of land or water; a stretch; a straight portion of a stream or river, as from one turn to another; a level stretch, as between locks in a canal; an arm of the sea extending up into the land.</def> &ldquo;The river's wooded <xex>reach</xex>.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Tennyson.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>The coast . . . is very full of creeks and <qex>reaches</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Holland.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>5.</sn> <def>An artifice to obtain an advantage.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>The Duke of Parma had particular <qex>reaches</qex> and ends of his own underhand to cross the design.</q> <rj><qau>Bacon.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>6.</sn> <def>The pole or rod which connects the hind axle with the forward bolster of a wagon.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Reach"a*ble</hw> <pr>(-&adot_;*b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Being within reach.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Reach"er</hw> <pr>(-&etilde_;r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who reaches.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>An exaggeration.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Fuller.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Reach"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Being beyond reach; lofty.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Unto a <qex>reachless</qex> pitch of praises hight.</q> <rj><qau>Bp. Hall.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*act"</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;*&abreve;kt")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To act or perform a second time; to do over again; to reenact; <as>as, to <ex>react</ex> a play; the same scenes were <ex>reacted</ex> at Rome.</as></def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*act"</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*&abreve;kt")</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To return an impulse or impression; to resist the action of another body by an opposite force; <as>as, every body <ex>reacts</ex> on the body that impels it from its natural state</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><!-- p. 1194 pr=vmg --></p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To act upon each other; to exercise a reciprocal or a reverse effect, as two or more chemical agents; to act in opposition.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*act"ance</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*&abreve;k"t&aitalic_;ns)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>  <ety>[<ets>React</ets> + <ets>-ance</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Elec.)</fld> <def>The influence of a coil of wire upon an alternating current passing through it, tending to choke or diminish the current, or the similar influence of a condenser; inductive resistance. Reactance is measured in ohms. The reactance of a circuit is equal to the component of the impressed electro-motive force at right angles to the current divided by the current, that is, the component of the impedance due to the self-inductance or capacity of the circuit.</def><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Reactance coil</hw> <fld>(Elec.)</fld> <def>A choking coil.</def><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*ac"tion</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*&abreve;k"sh&ubreve;n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r&eacute;action</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Any action in resisting other action or force; counter tendency; movement in a contrary direction; reverse action.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The mutual or reciprocal action of chemical agents upon each other, or the action upon such chemical agents of some form of energy, as heat, light, or electricity, resulting in a chemical change in one or more of these agents, with the production of new compounds or the manifestation of distinctive characters. See <cref>Blowpipe reaction</cref>, <cref>Flame reaction</cref>, under <er>Blowpipe</er>, and <er>Flame</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An action induced by vital resistance to some other action; depression or exhaustion of vital force consequent on overexertion or overstimulation; heightened activity and overaction succeeding depression or shock.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>The force which a body subjected to the action of a force from another body exerts upon the latter body in the opposite direction.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q><qex>Reaction</qex> is always equal and opposite to action, that is to say, the actions of two bodies upon each other are always equal and in opposite directions.</q> <rj><qau>Sir I. Newton (3d Law of Motion).</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Politics)</fld> <def>Backward tendency or movement after revolution, reform, or great progress in any direction.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>The new king had, at the very moment at which his fame and fortune reached the highest point, predicted the coming <qex>reaction</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Macaulay.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Psycophysics)</fld> <def>A regular or characteristic response to a stimulation of the nerves.</def><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><sn>7.</sn> <def>An action by a person or people in response to an event.  The <ex>reaction</ex> may be primarily mental (&ldquo; a <ex>reaction</ex> of surprise&rdquo;) but is usually manifested by some activity.</def><br/>
[<source>PJC</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Reaction time</b></col> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld>, <cd>in nerve physiology, the interval between the application of a stimulus to an end organ of sense and the reaction or resulting movement; -- called also <altname>physiological time</altname>.</cd> -- <col><b>Reaction wheel</b></col> <fld>(Mech.)</fld>, <cd>a water wheel driven by the reaction of water, usually one in which the water, entering it centrally, escapes at its periphery in a direction opposed to that of its motion by orifices at right angles, or inclined, to its radii.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*ac"tion*a*ry</hw> <pr>(-&auptack_;*r&ybreve_;)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Being, causing, or favoring reaction; <as>as, <ex>reactionary</ex> movements</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*ac"tion*a*ry</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu><it>pl.</it> <plw>Reactionaries</plw> <pr>(-r&ibreve_;z)</pr>.</plu> <def>One who favors reaction, or seeks to undo political progress or revolution.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*ac"tion*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A reactionary.</def>  <rj><au>C. Kingsley.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*act"ive</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*&abreve;kt"&ibreve_;v)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r&eacute;actif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having power to react; tending to reaction; of the nature of reaction.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Re*act"ive*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> -- <wf>Re*act"ive*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*act"or</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Elec.)</fld> <def>A choking coil.</def><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>A <er>nuclear reactor</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>PJC</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Read</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;d)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Rennet. See 3d <er>Reed</er>.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Read</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;d)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Read</conjf> <pr>(r&ebreve_;d)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Reading</conjf>.]</vmorph> <ety>[OE. <ets>reden</ets>, <ets>r&aelig;den</ets>, AS. <ets>r&aemacr_;dan</ets> to read, advise, counsel, fr. <ets>r&aemacr_;d</ets> advice, counsel, <ets>r&aemacr_;dan</ets> (imperf. <ets>reord</ets>) to advise, counsel, guess; akin to D. <ets>raden</ets> to advise, G. <ets>raten</ets>, <ets>rathen</ets>, Icel. <ets>r&amacr;&eth;a</ets>, Goth. <ets>r&emacr;dan</ets> (in comp.), and perh. also to Skr. <ets>r&amacr;dh</ets> to succeed. &radic;116.  Cf. <er>Riddle</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To advise; to counsel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <see>See <er>Rede</er>.</see><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Therefore, I <qex>read</qex> thee, get thee to God's word, and thereby try all doctrine.</q> <rj><qau>Tyndale.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To interpret; to explain; <as>as, to <ex>read</ex> a riddle</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>To tell; to declare; to recite.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>But <qex>read</qex> how art thou named, and of what kin.</q> <rj><qau>Spenser.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>4.</sn> <def>To go over, as characters or words, and utter aloud, or recite to one's self inaudibly; to take in the sense of, as of language, by interpreting the characters with which it is expressed; to peruse; <as>as, to <ex>read</ex> a discourse; to <ex>read</ex> the letters of an alphabet; to <ex>read</ex> figures; to <ex>read</ex> the notes of music, or to <ex>read</ex> music; to <ex>read</ex> a book.</as></def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q><qex>Redeth</qex> [read ye] the great poet of Itaille.</q> <rj><qau>Chaucer.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Well could he <qex>rede</qex> a lesson or a story.</q> <rj><qau>Chaucer.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>5.</sn> <def>Hence, to know fully; to comprehend.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Who is't can <qex>read</qex> a woman?</q> <rj><qau>Shak.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>6.</sn> <def>To discover or understand by characters, marks, features, etc.; to learn by observation.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>An armed corse did lie,<br/>
In whose dead face he <qex>read</qex> great magnanimity.</q> <rj><qau>Spenser.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Those about her<br/>
From her shall <qex>read</qex> the perfect ways of honor.</q> <rj><qau>Shak.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>7.</sn> <def>To make a special study of, as by perusing textbooks; <as>as, to <ex>read</ex> theology or law</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>To read one's self in</b></col>, <cd>to read aloud the Thirty-nine Articles and the Declaration of Assent, -- required of a clergyman of the Church of England when he first officiates in a new benefice.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Read</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To give advice or counsel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To tell; to declare.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Spenser.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>To perform the act of reading; to peruse, or to go over and utter aloud, the words of a book or other like document.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>So they <qex>read</qex> in the book of the law of God distinctly, and gave the sense.</q> <rj><qau>Neh. viii. 8.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>4.</sn> <def>To study by reading; <as>as, he <ex>read</ex> for the bar</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>5.</sn> <def>To learn by reading.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>I have <qex>read</qex> of an Eastern king who put a judge to death for an iniquitous sentence.</q> <rj><qau>Swift.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>6.</sn> <def>To appear in writing or print; to be expressed by, or consist of, certain words or characters; <as>as, the passage <ex>reads</ex> thus in the early manuscripts</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>7.</sn> <def>To produce a certain effect when read; <as>as, that sentence <ex>reads</ex> queerly</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>To read between the lines</b></col>, <cd>to infer something different from what is plainly indicated; to detect the real meaning as distinguished from the apparent meaning.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Read</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>r&aemacr_;d</ets> counsel, fr. <ets>r&aemacr_;dan</ets> to counsel. See <er>Read</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety>  <sn>1.</sn> <def>Saying; sentence; maxim; hence, word; advice; counsel.  See <er>Rede</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <ety>[<er>Read</er>, <pos>v.</pos>]</ety> <def>Reading.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>  <rj><au>Hume.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>One newswoman here lets magazines for a penny a <qex>read</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Furnivall.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Read</hw> <pr>(r&ebreve_;d)</pr>, <def><pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> of <er>Read</er>, <pos>v. t. &amp; i.</pos></def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Read</hw> <pr>(r&ebreve_;d)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Instructed or knowing by reading; versed in books; learned.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>A poet . . . well <qex>read</qex> in Longinus.</q> <rj><qau>Addison.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Read`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;d`&adot_;*b&ibreve_;l"&ibreve_;*t&ybreve_;)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state of being readable; readableness.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Read"a*ble</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;d"&adot_;*b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Such as can be read; legible; fit or suitable to be read; worth reading; interesting.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Read"a*ble*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos> -- <wf>Read"a*bly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`ad*dress"</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;`&abreve;d*dr&ebreve_;s")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To address a second time; -- often used reflexively.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>He <qex>readdressed</qex> himself to her.</q> <rj><qau>Boyle.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`a*dept"</hw> <pr>(-&adot_;*d&ebreve_;pt")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re-</ets> + L. <ets>adeptus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>adipisci</ets> to obtain.]</ety> <def>To regain; to recover.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`a*dep"tion</hw> <pr>(-d&ebreve_;p"sh&ubreve;n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A regaining; recovery of something lost.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Bacon.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Read"er</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;d"&etilde_;r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>r&aemacr_;dere</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who reads.</def> <specif>Specifically:</specif> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One whose distinctive office is to read prayers in a church.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(University of Oxford, Eng.)</fld> <def>One who reads lectures on scientific subjects.</def> <au>Lyell.</au> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A proof reader.</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <def>One who reads manuscripts offered for publication and advises regarding their merit.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>One who reads much; one who is studious.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>A book containing a selection of extracts for exercises in reading; an elementary book for practice in a language; a reading book.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Read"er*ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The office of reader.</def>  <rj><au>Lyell.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Read"i*ly</hw> <pr>(r&ebreve_;d"&ibreve_;*l&ybreve_;)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>In a ready manner; quickly; promptly.</def>  <rj><au>Chaucer.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Without delay or objection; without reluctance; willingly; cheerfully.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>How <qex>readily</qex> we wish time spent revoked!</q> <rj><qau>Cowper.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Read"i*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state or quality of being ready; preparation; promptness; aptitude; willingness.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>They received the word with all <qex>readiness</qex> of mind.</q> <rj><qau>Acts xvii. 11.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><syn><b>Syn.</b> -- Facility; quickness; expedition; promptitude; promptness; aptitude; aptness; knack; skill; expertness; dexterity; ease; cheerfulness. See <er>Facility</er>.</syn><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Read"ing</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;d"&ibreve_;ng)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of one who reads; perusal; also, printed or written matter to be read.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Study of books; literary scholarship; <as>as, a man of extensive <ex>reading</ex></as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>A lecture or prelection; public recital.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>The Jews had their weekly <qex>readings</qex> of the law.</q> <rj><qau>Hooker.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>4.</sn> <def>The way in which anything reads; force of a word or passage presented by a documentary authority; lection; version.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>5.</sn> <def>Manner of reciting, or acting a part, on the stage; way of rendering.</def> <mark>[Cant]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>6.</sn> <def>An observation read from the scale of a graduated instrument; <as>as, the <ex>reading</ex> of a barometer</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Reading of a bill</b></col> <fld>(Legislation)</fld>, <cd>its formal recital, by the proper officer, before the House which is to consider it.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Read"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to the act of reading; used in reading.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Addicted to reading; <as>as, a <ex>reading</ex> community</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Reading book</b></col>, <cd>a book for teaching reading; a reader.</cd> -- <col><b>Reading desk</b></col>, <cd>a desk to support a book while reading; esp., a desk used while reading the service in a church.</cd> -- <col><b>Reading glass</b></col>, <cd>a large lens with more or less magnifying power, attached to a handle, and used in reading, etc.</cd> -- <col><b>Reading man</b></col>, <cd>one who reads much; hence, in the English universities, a close, industrious student.</cd> -- <col><b>Reading room</b></col>, <cd>a room appropriated to reading; a room provided with papers, periodicals, and the like, to which persons resort.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`ad*journ"</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;`&abreve;d*j&ucirc;rn")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To adjourn a second time; to adjourn again.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`ad*journ"ment</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;`&abreve;d*j&ucirc;rn"m&eitalic_;nt)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of readjourning; a second or repeated adjournment.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`ad*just"</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;`&abreve;d*j&ubreve;st")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To adjust or settle again; to put in a different order or relation; to rearrange.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`ad*just"er</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;`&abreve;d*j&ubreve;st"&etilde_;r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or that which, readjusts; in some of the States of the United States, one who advocates a refunding, and sometimes a partial repudiation, of the State debt without the consent of the State's creditors.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`ad*just"ment</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;`&abreve;d*j&ubreve;st"m&eitalic_;nt)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A second adjustment; a new or different adjustment.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`ad*mis"sion</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;`&abreve;d*m&ibreve_;sh"&ubreve;n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of admitting again, or the state of being readmitted; <as>as, the <ex>readmission</ex> of fresh air into an exhausted receiver; the <ex>readmission</ex> of a student into a seminary.</as></def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`ad*mit"</hw> <pr>(-m&ibreve_;t")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To admit again; to give entrance or access to again.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Whose ear is ever open, and his eye<br/>
Gracious to <qex>readmit</qex> the suppliant.</q> <rj><qau>Milton.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`ad*mit"tance</hw> <pr>(-t&aitalic_;ns)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Allowance to enter again; a second admission.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`a*dopt"</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;`&adot_;*d&obreve_;pt")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To adopt again.</def>  <rj><au>Young.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`a*dorn"</hw> <pr>(-d&ocirc;rn")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To adorn again or anew.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`ad*vance"</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;`&abreve;d*v&adot_;ns")</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To advance again.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`ad*vert"en*cy</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;`&abreve;d*v&etilde_;rt"&eitalic_;n*s&ybreve_;)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of adverting to again, or of reviewing.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>  <rj><au>Norris.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Read"y</hw> <pr>(r&ebreve_;d"&ybreve_;)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <amorph>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <adjf>Readier</adjf> <pr>(r&ebreve_;d"&ibreve_;*&etilde_;r)</pr>; <pos>superl.</pos> <adjf>Readiest</adjf>.]</amorph> <ety>[AS. <ets>r&aemacr_;de</ets>; akin to D. ge<ets>reed</ets>, be<ets>reid</ets>, G. be<ets>reit</ets>, Goth. ga<ets>r&aacute;ids</ets> fixed, arranged, and possibly to E. <ets>ride</ets>, as meaning originally, prepared for riding.  Cf. <er>Array</er>, 1st <er>Curry</er>.]</ety>  <sn>1.</sn> <def>Prepared for what one is about to do or experience; equipped or supplied with what is needed for some act or event; prepared for immediate movement or action; <as>as, the troops are <ex>ready</ex> to march; <ex>ready</ex> for the journey.</as></def>  &ldquo;When she <xex>redy</xex> was.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Chaucer.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Fitted or arranged for immediate use; causing no delay for lack of being prepared or furnished.</def> &ldquo;Dinner was <xex>ready</xex>.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Fielding.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>My oxen and my fatlings are killed, and all things are <qex>ready</qex>: come unto the marriage.</q> <rj><qau>Matt. xxii. 4.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>Prepared in mind or disposition; not reluctant; willing; free; inclined; disposed.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>I am <qex>ready</qex> not to be bound only, but also to die at Jerusalem, for the name of the Lord Jesus.</q> <rj><qau>Acts xxi. 13.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>If need be, I am <qex>ready</qex> to forego<br/>
And quit.</q> <rj><qau>Milton.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>4.</sn> <def>Not slow or hesitating; quick in action or perception of any kind; dexterous; prompt; easy; expert; <as>as, a <ex>ready</ex> apprehension; <ex>ready</ex> wit; a <ex>ready</ex> writer or workman.</as></def> &ldquo;<xex>Ready</xex> in devising expedients.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Macaulay.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Gurth, whose temper was <qex>ready</qex>, though surly.</q> <rj><qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>5.</sn> <def>Offering itself at once; at hand; opportune; convenient; near; easy.</def> &ldquo;The <xex>readiest</xex> way.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Milton.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>A sapling pine he wrenched from out the ground,<br/>
The <qex>readiest</qex> weapon that his fury found.</q> <rj><qau>Dryden.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>6.</sn> <def>On the point; about; on the brink; near; -- with a following infinitive.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>My heart is <qex>ready</qex> to crack.</q> <rj><qau>Shak.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A word of command, or a position, in the manual of arms, at which the piece is cocked and held in position to execute promptly the next command, which is, <xex>aim</xex>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>All ready</b></col>, <cd>ready in every particular; wholly equipped or prepared.</cd> &ldquo;[I] am <xex>all redy</xex> at your hest.&rdquo; <au>Chaucer.</au> -- <col><b>Ready money</b></col>, <cd>means of immediate payment; cash.</cd> &ldquo;'T is all the <xex>ready money</xex> fate can give.&rdquo; <au>Cowley.</au> -- <col><b>Ready reckoner</b></col>, <cd>a book of tables for facilitating computations, as of interest, prices, etc.</cd> -- <col><b>To make ready</b></col>, <cd>to make preparation; to get in readiness.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><syn><b>Syn.</b> -- Prompt; expeditious; speedy; unhesitating; dexterous; apt; skillful; handy; expert; facile; easy; opportune; fitted; prepared; disposed; willing; free; cheerful. See <er>Prompt</er>.</syn><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Read"y</hw> <pr>(r&ebreve_;d"&ybreve_;)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a state of preparation for immediate action; so as to need no delay.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>We ourselves will go <qex>ready</qex> armed.</q> <rj><qau>Num. xxxii. 17.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Read"y</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Ready money; cash; -- commonly with <xex>the</xex>; <as>as, he was well supplied with the <ex>ready</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Lord Strut was not flush in <qex>ready</qex>, either to go to law, or to clear old debts.</q> <rj><qau>Arbuthnot.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Read"y</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To dispose in order.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Heywood.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Read"y-made`</hw> <pr>(r&ebreve_;d"&ybreve_;-m&amacr;d`)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Made already, or beforehand, in anticipation of need; not made to order; <as>as, <ex>ready-made</ex> clothing; <ex>ready-made</ex> jokes.</as></def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Read"y-wit`ted</hw> <pr>(r&ebreve_;d"&ybreve_;-w&ibreve_;t`t&ebreve_;d)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having ready wit.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`af*firm"</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;`&abreve;f*f&etilde_;rm")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To affirm again.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><mhw>{ <hw>Re`af*firm"ance</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;`&abreve;f*f&etilde_;rm"&aitalic_;ns)</pr>, <hw>Re*af`fir*ma"tion</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;*&abreve;f`f&etilde_;r*m&amacr;"sh&ubreve;n)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <def>A second affirmation.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`af*for"est</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;`&abreve;f*f&obreve_;r"&ebreve_;st)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To convert again into a forest, as a region of country.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`af*for`es*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(-&ebreve_;s*t&amacr;"sh&ubreve;n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act or process of converting again into a forest.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*a"gent</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*&amacr;"j&eitalic_;nt)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A substance capable of producing with another a reaction, especially when employed to detect the presence of other bodies; a test.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*ag`gra*va"tion</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*&abreve;g`gr&adot_;*v&amacr;"sh&ubreve;n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>The last monitory, published after three admonitions and before the last excommunication.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`a*gree"</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;`&adot_;*gr&emacr;")</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To agree again.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Reak</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;k)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[&radic;115.  Cf. <er>Wrack</er> seaweed.]</ety> <def>A rush.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> &ldquo;Feeds on <xex>reaks</xex> and reeds.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Drant.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Reak</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Icel. <ets>hrekkr</ets>, or E. <ets>wreak</ets> vengeance.]</ety> <def>A prank.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> &ldquo;They play such <xex>reaks</xex>.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Beau. &amp; Fl.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re"al</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;"&aitalic_;l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp., fr. <ets>real</ets> royal, L. <ets>regalis</ets>. See <er>Regal</er>, and cf. <er>Ree</er> a coin.]</ety> <def>A former small Spanish silver coin; also, a denomination of money of account, formerly the unit of the Spanish monetary system.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><note>&hand_; A <col>real of plate</col> (coin) varied in value according to the time of its coinage, from 12<frac>1/2</frac> down to 10 cents, or from 6<frac>1/2</frac> to 5 pence sterling.  The <col>real vellon</col>, or money of account, was nearly equal to five cents, or 2<frac>1/2</frac> pence sterling.  In 1871 the coinage of Spain was assimilated to that of the Latin Union, of which the franc is the unit.  The peseta was introduced in 1868, and continued as the official currency of Spain (splitting temporarily into Nationalist and Republican pesetas during the civil war of the 1930's) until 2002.  In 2002, the euro became the official currency of Spain and most other nations of the European Union.</note><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source> + <source>PJC</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*al"</hw> <pr>(r&auptack_;*&auml;l")</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Royal; regal; kingly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> &ldquo;The blood <xex>real</xex> of Thebes.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Chaucer.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re"al</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;"&aitalic_;l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[LL. <ets>realis</ets>, fr. L. <ets>res</ets>, <ets>rei</ets>, a thing: cf. F. <ets>r&eacute;el</ets>.  Cf. <er>Rebus</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Actually being or existing; not fictitious or imaginary; <as>as, a description of <ex>real</ex> life</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Whereat I waked, and found<br/>
Before mine eyes all <qex>real</qex>, as the dream<br/>
Had lively shadowed.</q> <rj><qau>Milton.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>True; genuine; not artificial, counterfeit, or factitious; often opposed to <contr>ostensible</contr>; <as>as, the <ex>real</ex> reason; <ex>real</ex> Madeira wine; <ex>real</ex> ginger.</as></def><!-- split reason from objects. --><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Whose perfection far excelled<br/>
Hers in all <qex>real</qex> dignity.</q> <rj><qau>Milton.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>Relating to things, not to persons.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Many are perfect in men's humors that are not greatly capable of the <qex>real</qex> part of business.</q> <rj><qau>Bacon.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Alg.)</fld> <def>Having an assignable arithmetical or numerical value or meaning; not imaginary.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Pertaining to things fixed, permanent, or immovable, as to lands and tenements; <as>as, <ex>real</ex> property, in distinction from <ex>personal</ex> or <ex>movable</ex> property</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Chattels real</b></col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>such chattels as are annexed to, or savor of, the realty, as terms for years of land. See <er>Chattel</er>.</cd> -- <col><b>Real action</b></col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>an action for the recovery of real property.</cd> -- <col><b>Real assets</b></col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>lands or real estate in the hands of the heir, chargeable with the debts of the ancestor.</cd> -- <col><b>Real composition</b></col> <fld>(Eccl. Law)</fld>, <cd>an agreement made between the owner of lands and the parson or vicar, with consent of the ordinary, that such lands shall be discharged from payment of tithes, in consequence of other land or recompense given to the parson in lieu and satisfaction thereof.</cd> <au>Blackstone.</au> -- <mcol><col><b>Real estate</b></col> <it>or</it> <col><b>Real property</b></col></mcol>, <cd>lands, tenements, and hereditaments; freehold interests in landed property; property in houses and land.</cd> <au>Kent.</au> <au>Burrill.</au> -- <col><b>Real presence</b></col> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld>, <cd>the actual presence of the body and blood of Christ in the eucharist, or the conversion of the substance of the bread and wine into the real body and blood of Christ; transubstantiation. In other churches there is a belief in a form of real presence, not however in the sense of <xex>transubstantiation</xex>.</cd> -- <mcol><col><b>Real servitude</b></col>, <it>called also</it> <col><b>Predial servitude</b></col></mcol> <fld>(Civil Law)</fld>, <cd>a burden imposed upon one estate in favor of another estate of another proprietor.</cd> <au>Erskine.</au> <au>Bouvier.</au></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><syn><b>Syn.</b> -- Actual; true; genuine; authentic.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Real</er>, <er>Actual</er>. <xex>Real</xex> represents a thing to be a substantive existence; <as>as, a <ex>real</ex>, not imaginary, occurrence</as>. <xex>Actual</xex> refers to it as acted or performed; and, hence, when we wish to prove a thing <xex>real</xex>, we often say, &ldquo;It <xex>actually</xex> exists,&rdquo; &ldquo;It has <xex>actually</xex> been done.&rdquo; Thus its <xex>reality</xex> is shown by its <xex>actuality</xex>. <xex>Actual</xex>, from this reference to being <xex>acted</xex>, has recently received a new signification, namely, <xex>present</xex>; as, the <xex>actual</xex> posture of affairs; since what is now in <xex>action</xex>, or going on, has, of course, a <xex>present</xex> existence. An <xex>actual</xex> fact; a <xex>real</xex> sentiment.<br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]<pbr/>
<q>For he that but conceives a crime in thought,<br/>
Contracts the danger of an <qex>actual</qex> fault.</q> <rj><qau>Dryden.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]<pbr/>
<q>Our simple ideas are all <qex>real</qex>; all agree to the <qex>reality</qex> of things.</q> <rj><qau>Locke.</qau></rj></usage><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><!-- p. 1195 pr=vmg --></p>

<p><hw>Re"al</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;"&aitalic_;l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A realist.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Burton.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*al"gar</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*&abreve;l"g&etilde_;r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>r&eacute;algar</ets>, Sp. <ets>rejalgar</ets>, Ar. <ets>rahj al gh&amacr;r</ets> powder of the mine.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Arsenic sulphide, a mineral of a brilliant red color; red orpiment. It is also an artificial product.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re"al*ism</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;"&aitalic_;l*&ibreve_;z'm)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r&eacute;alisme</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Philos.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>As opposed to <xex>nominalism</xex>, the doctrine that genera and species are real things or entities, existing independently of our conceptions. According to realism the Universal exists <xex>ante rem</xex> (<xex>Plato</xex>), or <xex>in re</xex> (<xex>Aristotle</xex>).</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>As opposed to <xex>idealism</xex>, the doctrine that in sense perception there is an immediate cognition of the external object, and our knowledge of it is not mediate and representative.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Art &amp; Lit.)</fld> <def>Fidelity to nature or to real life; representation without idealization, and making no appeal to the imagination; adherence to the actual fact.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>the practise of assessing facts and the probabilities of the consequences of actions in an objective manner; avoidance of unrealistic or impractical beliefs or efforts.  Contrasted to <contr>idealism</contr>, <contr>self-deception</contr>, <contr>overoptimism</contr>, <contr>overimaginativeness</contr>, or <contr>visionariness</contr>.</def><br/>
[<source>PJC</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re"al*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r&eacute;aliste</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Philos.)</fld> <def>One who believes in realism; esp., one who maintains that <xex>generals</xex>, or the terms used to denote the genera and species of things, represent real existences, and are not mere names, as maintained by the <xex>nominalists</xex>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Art. &amp; Lit.)</fld> <def>An artist or writer who aims at realism in his work. See <er>Realism</er>, 2.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>a person who avoids unrealistic or impractical beliefs or efforts.  Contrasted to <contr>idealist</contr> or <contr>visionary</contr>.</def><br/>
[<source>PJC</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`al*is"tic</hw> <pr>(-&ibreve_;s"t&ibreve_;k)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining to the realists; in the manner of the realists; characterized by realism rather than by imagination.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`al*is"tic*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a realistic manner.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*al"i*ty</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*&abreve;l"&ibreve_;*t&ybreve_;)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu><it>pl.</it> <plw>Realities</plw> <pr>(-t&ibreve_;z)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r&eacute;alit&eacute;</ets>, LL. <ets>realitas</ets>. See 3d <er>Real</er>, and cf. 2d <er>Realty</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The state or quality of being real; actual being or existence of anything, in distinction from mere appearance; fact.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>A man fancies that he understands a critic, when in <qex>reality</qex> he does not comprehend his meaning.</q> <rj><qau>Addison.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is real; an actual existence; that which is not imagination, fiction, or pretense; that which has objective existence, and is not merely an idea.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>And to <qex>realities</qex> yield all her shows.</q> <rj><qau>Milton.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>My neck may be an idea to you, but it is a <qex>reality</qex> to me.</q> <rj><qau>Beattie.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <ety>[See 1st <er>Realty</er>, 2.]</ety> <def>Loyalty; devotion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>To express our <qex>reality</qex> to the emperor.</q> <rj><qau>Fuller.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>See 2d <er>Realty</er>, 2.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re"al*i`za*ble</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;"&aitalic_;l*&imacr;`z&adot_;*b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable of being realized.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`al*i*za"tion</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;`&aitalic_;l*&ibreve_;*z&amacr;"sh&ubreve;n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r&eacute;alisation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of realizing, or the state of being realized.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re"al*ize</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;"&aitalic_;l*&imacr;z)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Realized</conjf> <pr>(-&imacr;zd)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Realizing</conjf> <pr>(-&imacr;`z&ibreve_;ng)</pr>.]</vmorph> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r&eacute;aliser</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make real; to convert from the imaginary or fictitious into the actual; to bring into concrete existence; to effectuate; to accomplish; <as>as, to <ex>realize</ex> a scheme or project</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>We <qex>realize</qex> what Archimedes had only in hypothesis, weighing a single grain against the globe of earth.</q> <rj><qau>Glanvill.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To cause to seem real; to impress upon the mind as actual; to feel vividly or strongly; to make one's own in apprehension or experience.</def><br/>
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<p><q>Many coincidences . . . soon begin to appear in them [Greek inscriptions] which <qex>realize</qex> ancient history to us.</q> <rj><qau>Jowett.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>We can not <qex>realize</qex> it in thought, that the object . . . had really no being at any past moment.</q> <rj><qau>Sir W. Hamilton.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>To convert into real property; to make real estate of; <as>as, to <ex>realize</ex> his fortune</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>4.</sn> <def>To acquire as an actual possession; to obtain as the result of plans and efforts; to gain; to get; <as>as, to <ex>realize</ex> large profits from a speculation</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Knighthood was not beyond the reach of any man who could by diligent thrift <qex>realize</qex> a good estate.</q> <rj><qau>Macaulay.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>5.</sn> <def>To convert into actual money; <as>as, to <ex>realize</ex> assets</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re"al*ize</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To convert any kind of property into money, especially property representing investments, as shares in stock companies, bonds, etc.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Wary men took the alarm, and began to <qex>realize</qex>, a word now first brought into use to express the conversion of ideal property into something real.</q> <rj><qau>W. Irving.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re"al*i`zer</hw> <pr>(-&imacr;`z&etilde_;r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who realizes.</def>  <rj><au>Coleridge.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re"al*i`zing</hw> <pr>(-z&ibreve_;ng)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Serving to make real, or to impress on the mind as a reality; <as>as, a <ex>realizing</ex> view of the danger incurred</as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Re"al*i`zing*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`al*lege"</hw> <pr>(-&abreve;l*l&ebreve_;j")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To allege again.</def>  <rj><au>Cotgrave.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`al*li"ance</hw> <pr>(-l&imacr;"&aitalic_;ns)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A renewed alliance.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re"-al*ly"</hw> <pr>(-l&imacr;")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re-</ets> + <ets>ally</ets>, v. t.]</ety> <def>To bring together again; to compose or form anew.</def>  <rj><au>Spenser.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re"al*ly`</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"&auml;l*l&emacr;`)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Royally.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Chaucer.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re"al*ly</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;"&aitalic_;l*l&ybreve_;)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a real manner; with or in reality; actually; in truth.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Whose anger is <qex>really</qex> but a short fit of madness.</q> <rj><qau>Swift.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><note>&hand_; <xex>Really</xex> is often used familiarly as a slight corroboration of an opinion or a declaration.</note><br/>
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<p><q>Why, <qex>really</qex>, sixty-five is somewhat old.</q> <rj><qau>Young.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Realm</hw> <pr>(r&ebreve_;lm)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>realme</ets>, <ets>ream</ets>, <ets>reaume</ets>, OF. <ets>reialme</ets>, <ets>roialme</ets>, F. <ets>royaume</ets>, fr. (assumed) LL. <ets>regalimen</ets>, from L. <ets>regalis</ets> royal. See <er>Regal</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A royal jurisdiction or domain; a region which is under the dominion of a king; a kingdom.</def><br/>
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<p><q>The absolute master of <qex>realms</qex> on which the sun perpetually shone.</q> <rj><qau>Motley.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, in general, province; region; country; domain; department; division; <as>as, the <ex>realm</ex> of fancy</as>.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Realm"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Destitute of a realm.</def>  <rj><au>Keats.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Re"al*ness</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;"&aitalic_;l*n&ebreve_;s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or condition of being real; reality.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re"al*ty</hw> <pr>(-t&ybreve_;)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF. <ets>r&eacute;alt&eacute;</ets>, LL. <ets>regalitas</ets>, fr. L. <ets>regalis</ets>. See <er>Regal</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Royalty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Chaucer.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Loyalty; faithfulness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>  <rj><au>Milton.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re"al*ty</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Contr. from 1st <er>Reality</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Reality.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Dr. H. More.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Immobility, or the fixed, permanent nature of real property; <as>as, chattels which savor of the <ex>realty</ex></as>; -- so written in legal language for <xex>reality</xex>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Real estate; a piece of real property.</def>  <rj><au>Blackstone.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ream</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;m)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>re&aacute;m</ets>, akin to G. <ets>rahm</ets>.]</ety> <def>Cream; also, the cream or froth on ale.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ream</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To cream; to mantle.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>A huge pewter measuring pot which, in the language of the hostess, <qex>reamed</qex> with excellent claret.</q> <rj><qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ream</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Cf. <er>Reim</er>.]</ety> <def>To stretch out; to draw out into thongs, threads, or filaments.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ream</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>reme</ets>, OF. <ets>rayme</ets>, F. <ets>rame</ets> (cf. Sp. <ets>resma</ets>), fr. Ar. <ets>rizma</ets> a bundle, especially of paper.]</ety> <def>A bundle, package, or quantity of paper, usually consisting of twenty quires or 480 sheets.</def><!-- now 500 --><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Printer's ream</b></col>, <cd>twenty-one and a half quires. <mark>[Eng.]</mark> A common practice is now to count five hundred sheets to the <xex>ream</xex>.</cd>  <au>Knight.</au></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ream</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Reamed</conjf> <pr>(r&emacr;md)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Reaming</conjf>.]</vmorph> <ety>[Cf. G. <ets>r&auml;umen</ets> to remove, to clear away, fr. <ets>raum</ets> room. See <er>Room</er>.]</ety> <def>To bevel out, as the mouth of a hole in wood or metal; in modern usage, to enlarge or dress out, as a hole, with a reamer.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Reame</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;m)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Realm.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Chaucer.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ream"er</hw> <pr>(-&etilde_;r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or that which, reams; specifically, an instrument with cutting or scraping edges, used, with a twisting motion, for enlarging a round hole, as the bore of a cannon, etc.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*am`pu*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;*&abreve;m`p&uuptack_;*t&amacr;"sh&ubreve;n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>The second of two amputations performed upon the same member.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*an"i*mate</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*&abreve;n"&ibreve_;*m&amacr;t)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To animate anew; to restore to animation or life; to infuse new life, vigor, spirit, or courage into; to revive; to reinvigorate; <as>as, to <ex>reanimate</ex> a drowned person; to <ex>reanimate</ex> disheartened troops; to <ex>reanimate</ex> languid spirits.</as></def>  <rj><au>Glanvill.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*an`i*ma"tion</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*&abreve;n"&ibreve_;*m&amacr;"sh&ubreve;n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act or operation of reanimating, or the state of being reanimated; reinvigoration; revival.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`an*nex"</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;`&abreve;n*n&ebreve_;ks")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To annex again or anew; to reunite.</def> &ldquo;To <xex>reannex</xex> that duchy.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Bacon.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*an`nex*a"tion</hw> <pr>(-&amacr;"sh&ubreve;n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Act of reannexing.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*an"swer</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*&abreve;n"s&etilde_;r)</pr>, <pos>v. t. &amp; i.</pos> <def>To answer in return; to repay; to compensate; to make amends for.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Which in weight to <qex>reanswer</qex>, his pettiness would bow under.</q> <rj><qau>Shak.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Reap</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;p)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Reaped</conjf> <pr>(r&emacr;pt)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Reaping</conjf>.]</vmorph> <ety>[OE. <ets>repen</ets>, AS. <ets>r&imacr;pan</ets> to seize, reap; cf. D. <ets>rapen</ets> to glean, reap, G. <ets>raufen</ets> to pluck, Goth. <ets>raupjan</ets>, or E. <ets>ripe</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To cut with a sickle, scythe, or reaping machine, as grain; to gather, as a harvest, by cutting.</def><br/>
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<p><q>When ye <qex>reap</qex> the harvest of your land, thou shalt not wholly reap the corners of thy field.</q> <rj><qau>Lev. xix. 9.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To gather; to obtain; to receive as a reward or harvest, or as the fruit of labor or of works; -- in a good or a bad sense; <as>as, to <ex>reap</ex> a benefit from exertions</as>.</def><br/>
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<p><q>Why do I humble thus myself, and, suing<br/>
For peace, <qex>reap</qex> nothing but repulse and hate?</q> <rj><qau>Milton.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>To clear of a crop by reaping; <as>as, to <ex>reap</ex> a field</as>.</def><br/>
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<p><sn>4.</sn> <def>To deprive of the beard; to shave.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>  <rj><au>Shak.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><cs><col><b>Reaping hook</b></col>, <cd>an implement having a hook-shaped blade, used in reaping; a sickle; -- in a specific sense, distinguished from a sickle by a blade keen instead of serrated.</cd></cs><br/>
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<p><hw>Reap</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To perform the act or operation of reaping; to gather a harvest.</def><br/>
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<p><q>They that sow in tears shall <qex>reap</qex> in joy.</q> <rj><qau>Ps. cxxvi. 5.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Reap</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. AS. <ets>r&imacr;p</ets> harvest. See <er>Reap</er>, <pos>v.</pos>]</ety> <def>A bundle of grain; a handful of grain laid down by the reaper as it is cut.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</mark>  <rj><au>Wright.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Reap"er</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;p"&etilde_;r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who reaps.</def><br/>
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<p><q>The sun-burned <qex>reapers</qex> wiping their foreheads.</q> <rj><qau>Macaulay.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>A reaping machine.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Re`ap*par"el</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;`&abreve;p*p&abreve;r"&ebreve_;l)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To clothe again.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Re`ap*pear"</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;`&abreve;p*p&emacr;r")</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To appear again.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Re`ap*pear"ance</hw> <pr>(-&aitalic_;ns)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A second or new appearance; the act or state of appearing again.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*ap`pli*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;*&abreve;p`pl&ibreve_;*k&amacr;"sh&ubreve;n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of reapplying, or the state of being reapplied.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Re`ap*ply"</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;`&abreve;p*pl&imacr;")</pr>, <pos>v. t. &amp; i.</pos> <def>To apply again.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Re`ap*point"</hw> <pr>(-point")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To appoint again.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Re`ap*point"ment</hw> <pr>(-m&eitalic_;nt)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of reappointing, or the state of being reappointed.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Re`ap*por"tion</hw> <pr>(-p&omacr;r"sh&ubreve;n)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To apportion again.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Re`ap*por"tion*ment</hw> <pr>(-m&eitalic_;nt)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A second or a new apportionment.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Re`ap*proach"</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;`&abreve;p*pr&omacr;ch")</pr>, <pos>v. i. &amp; t.</pos> <def>To approach again or anew.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Rear</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;r)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Early; soon.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark><br/>
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<p><q>Then why does Cuddy leave his cot so <qex>rear</qex>?</q> <rj><qau>Gay.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Rear</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF. <ets>riere</ets> behind, backward, fr. L. <ets>retro</ets>.  Cf. <er>Arrear</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The back or hindmost part; that which is behind, or last in order; -- opposed to <ant>front</ant>.</def><br/>
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<p><q>Nipped with the lagging <qex>rear</qex> of winter's frost.</q> <rj><qau>Milton.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Specifically, the part of an army or fleet which comes last, or is stationed behind the rest.</def><br/>
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<p><q>When the fierce foe hung on our broken <qex>rear</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Milton.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Rear</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Being behind, or in the hindmost part; hindmost; <as>as, the <ex>rear</ex> rank of a company</as>.</def><br/>
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<p><cs><col><b>Rear admiral</b></col>, <cd>an officer in the navy, next in rank below a vice admiral and above a commodore. See <er>Admiral</er>.</cd> -- <col><b>Rear front</b></col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>the rear rank of a body of troops when faced about and standing in that position.</cd> -- <col><b>Rear guard</b></col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>the division of an army that marches in the rear of the main body to protect it; -- used also figuratively.</cd> -- <col><b>Rear line</b></col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>the line in the rear of an army.</cd> -- <col><b>Rear rank</b></col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>the rank or line of a body of troops which is in the rear, or last in order.</cd> -- <col><b>Rear sight</b></col> <fld>(Firearms)</fld>, <cd>the sight nearest the breech.</cd> -- <col><b>To bring up the rear</b></col>, <cd>to come last or behind.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rear</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;r)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To place in the rear; to secure the rear of.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark><br/>
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<p><hw>Rear</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Reared</conjf> <pr>(r&emacr;rd)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Rearing</conjf>.]</vmorph> <ety>[AS. <ets>r&aemacr_;ran</ets> to raise, rear, elevate, for <ets>r&aemacr_;san</ets>, causative of <ets>r&imacr;san</ets> to rise. See <er>Rise</er>, and cf. <er>Raise</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To raise; to lift up; to cause to rise, become erect, etc.; to elevate; <as>as, to <ex>rear</ex> a monolith</as>.</def><br/>
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<p><q>In adoration at his feet I fell<br/>
Submiss; he <qex>reared</qex> me.</q> <rj><qau>Milton.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><q>It <qex>reareth</qex> our hearts from vain thoughts.</q> <rj><qau>Barrow.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><q>Mine [shall be] the first hand to <qex>rear</qex> her banner.</q> <rj><qau>Ld. Lytton.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To erect by building; to set up; to construct; <as>as, to <ex>rear</ex> defenses or houses; to <ex>rear</ex> one government on the ruins of another.</as></def><br/>
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<p><q>One <qex>reared</qex> a font of stone.</q> <rj><qau>Tennyson.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>To lift and take up.</def> <mark>[Obs. or R.]</mark><br/>
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<p><q>And having her from Trompart lightly <qex>reared</qex>,<br/>
Upon his courser set the lovely load.</q> <rj><qau>Spenser.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><sn>4.</sn> <def>To bring up to maturity, as young; to educate; to instruct; to foster; <as>as, to <ex>rear</ex> offspring</as>.</def><br/>
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<p><q>He wants a father to protect his youth,<br/>
And <qex>rear</qex> him up to virtue.</q> <rj><qau>Southern.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><sn>5.</sn> <def>To breed and raise; <as>as, to <ex>rear</ex> cattle</as>.</def><br/>
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<p><sn>6.</sn> <def>To rouse; to stir up.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
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<p><q>And seeks the tusky boar to <qex>rear</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Dryden.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><syn><b>Syn.</b> -- To lift; elevate; erect; raise; build; establish. See the Note under <er>Raise</er>, 3 <sd>(c)</sd>.</syn><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rear</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To rise up on the hind legs, as a horse; to become erect.</def><br/>
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<p><cs><col><b>Rearing bit</b></col>, <cd>a bit designed to prevent a horse from lifting his head when rearing.</cd>  <au>Knight.</au></cs><br/>
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<p><mhw>{ <hw>Rear"dorse</hw> <pr>(-d&ocirc;rs)</pr>, <hw>Rear"doss</hw> <pr>(-d&obreve_;s)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A reredos.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Rear"er</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;r"&etilde_;r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or that which, rears.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*ar"gue</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;*&auml;r"g&umacr;)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To argue anew or again.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*ar"gu*ment</hw> <pr>(-g&uuptack_;*m&eitalic_;nt)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An arguing over again, as of a motion made in court.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Rear"-horse`</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;r"h&ocirc;rs`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[So called because it <ets>rears</ets> up when disturbed.]</ety> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>A mantis.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Rear"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Early.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Beau. &amp; Fl.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rear"most`</hw> <pr>(-m&omacr;st`)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Farthest in the rear; last.</def><br/>
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<p><mhw>{ <hw>Rear"mouse`</hw>, <hw>Rere"mouse`</hw> <pr>(-mous`)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>hr&emacr;rem&umacr;s</ets>; probably fr. <ets>hr&emacr;ran</ets> to agitate, stir (akin to G. <ets>r&uuml;hren</ets>, Icel. <ets>hr&aelig;ra</ets>) + <ets>m&umacr;s</ets> mouse.]</ety> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>The leather-winged bat (<spn>Vespertilio murinus</spn>).</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>reermouse</asp>.]</altsp><br/>
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<p><hw>Re`ar*range"</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;`&abreve;r*r&amacr;nj")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To arrange again; to arrange in a different way.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Re`ar*range"ment</hw> <pr>(-m&eitalic_;nt)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of rearranging, or the state of being rearranged.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Rear"ward`</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;r"w&asuml_;rd`-w&etilde_;rd)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[<ets>Rear</ets> + <ets>ward</ets>.]</ety> <def>The last troop; the rear of an army; a rear guard. Also used figuratively.</def>  <rj><au>Shak.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Rear"ward</hw> <pr>(-w&etilde_;rd)</pr>, <pos>a. &amp; adv.</pos> <def>At or toward the rear.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Re`as*cend"</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;`&abreve;s*s&ebreve_;nd")</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To rise, mount, or climb again.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`as*cend"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To ascend or mount again; to reach by ascending again.</def><br/>
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<p><q>He mounts aloft, and <qex>reascends</qex> the skies.</q> <rj><qau>Addison.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Re`as*cen"sion</hw> <pr>(-s&ebreve_;n"sh&ubreve;n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of reascending; a remounting.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Re`as*cent"</hw> <pr>(-s&ebreve_;nt")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A returning ascent or ascension; acclivity.</def>  <rj><au>Cowper.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Rea"son</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;"z'n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>resoun</ets>, F. <ets>raison</ets>, fr. L. <ets>ratio</ets> (akin to Goth. <ets>ra&thorn;j&omacr;</ets> number, account, ga<ets>ra&thorn;jan</ets> to count, G. <ets>rede</ets> speech, <ets>reden</ets> to speak), fr. <ets>reri</ets>, <ets>ratus</ets>, to reckon, believe, think.  Cf. <er>Arraign</er>, <er>Rate</er>, <er>Ratio</er>, <er>Ration</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A thought or a consideration offered in support of a determination or an opinion; a just ground for a conclusion or an action; that which is offered or accepted as an explanation; the efficient cause of an occurrence or a phenomenon; a motive for an action or a determination; proof, more or less decisive, for an opinion or a conclusion; principle; efficient cause; final cause; ground of argument.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>I'll give him <qex>reasons</qex> for it.</q> <rj><qau>Shak.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><q>The <qex>reason</qex> of the motion of the balance in a wheel watch is by the motion of the next wheel.</q> <rj><qau>Sir M. Hale.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><q>This <qex>reason</qex> did the ancient fathers render, why the church was called &ldquo;catholic.&rdquo;</q> <rj><qau>Bp. Pearson.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><q>Virtue and vice are not arbitrary things; but there is a natural and eternal <qex>reason</qex> for that goodness and virtue, and against vice and wickedness.</q> <rj><qau>Tillotson.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>The faculty or capacity of the human mind by which it is distinguished from the intelligence of the inferior animals; the higher as distinguished from the lower cognitive faculties, sense, imagination, and memory, and in contrast to the feelings and desires. <xex>Reason</xex> comprises conception, judgment, reasoning, and the intuitional faculty. Specifically, it is the intuitional faculty, or the faculty of first truths, as distinguished from the understanding, which is called the <xex>discursive</xex> or <xex>ratiocinative</xex> faculty.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>We have no other faculties of perceiving or knowing anything divine or human, but by our five senses and our <qex>reason</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>P. Browne.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>In common and popular discourse, <qex>reason</qex> denotes that power by which we distinguish truth from falsehood, and right from wrong, and by which we are enabled to combine means for the attainment of particular ends.</q> <rj><qau>Stewart.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q><qex>Reason</qex> is used sometimes to express the whole of those powers which elevate man above the brutes, and constitute his rational nature, more especially, perhaps, his intellectual powers; sometimes to express the power of deduction or argumentation.</q> <rj><qau>Stewart.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>By the pure <qex>reason</qex> I mean the power by which we become possessed of principles.</q> <rj><qau>Coleridge.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>The sense perceives; the understanding, in its own peculiar operation, conceives; the <qex>reason</qex>, or rationalized understanding, comprehends.</q> <rj><qau>Coleridge.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><!-- p. 1196 pr=vmg --></p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>Due exercise of the reasoning faculty; accordance with, or that which is accordant with and ratified by, the mind rightly exercised; right intellectual judgment; clear and fair deductions from true principles; that which is dictated or supported by the common sense of mankind; right conduct; right; propriety; justice.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>I was promised, on a time,<br/>
To have <qex>reason</qex> for my rhyme.</q> <rj><qau>Spenser.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>But law in a free nation hath been ever public <qex>reason</qex>; the enacted <qex>reason</qex> of a parliament, which he denying to enact, denies to govern us by that which ought to be our law; interposing his own private <qex>reason</qex>, which to us is no law.</q> <rj><qau>Milton.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>The most probable way of bringing France to <qex>reason</qex> would be by the making an attempt on the Spanish West Indies.</q> <rj><qau>Addison.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>Ratio; proportion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Barrow.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>By reason of</b></col>, <cd>by means of; on account of; because of.</cd> &ldquo;Spain is thin sown of people, partly <xex>by reason of</xex> the sterility of the soil.&rdquo; <au>Bacon.</au> -- <col><b>In reason</b></col>, <col><b>In all reason</b></col>, <cd>in justice; with rational ground; in a right view.</cd><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]<pbr/>
<q>When anything is proved by as good arguments as a thing of that kind is capable of, we ought not, <qex>in reason</qex>, to doubt of its existence.</q> <rj><qau>Tillotson.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]<pbr/>
-- <col><b>It is reason</b></col>, <cd>it is reasonable; it is right.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]<pbr/>
<q>Yet <xex>it were</xex> great <qex>reason</qex>, that those that have children should have greatest care of future times.</q> <rj><qau>Bacon.</qau></rj>
</cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><syn><b>Syn.</b> -- Motive; argument; ground; consideration; principle; sake; account; object; purpose; design. See <er>Motive</er>, <er>Sense</er>.</syn><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rea"son</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;"z'n)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Reasoned</conjf> <pr>(r&emacr;"z'nd)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Reasoning</conjf>.]</vmorph> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>raisonner</ets>. See <er>Reason</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To exercise the rational faculty; to deduce inferences from premises; to perform the process of deduction or of induction; to ratiocinate; to reach conclusions by a systematic comparison of facts.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence: To carry on a process of deduction or of induction, in order to convince or to confute; to formulate and set forth propositions and the inferences from them; to argue.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Stand still, that I may <qex>reason</qex> with you, before the Lord, of all the righteous acts of the Lord.</q> <rj><qau>1 Sam. xii. 7.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>To converse; to compare opinions.</def>  <rj><au>Shak.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rea"son</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To arrange and present the reasons for or against; to examine or discuss by arguments; to debate or discuss; <as>as, I <ex>reasoned</ex> the matter with my friend</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>When they are clearly discovered, well digested, and well <qex>reasoned</qex> in every part, there is beauty in such a theory.</q> <rj><qau>T. Burnet.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To support with reasons, as a request.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>  <rj><au>Shak.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>To persuade by reasoning or argument; <as>as, to <ex>reason</ex> one into a belief; to <ex>reason</ex> one out of his plan.</as></def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Men that will not be <qex>reasoned</qex> into their senses.</q> <rj><qau>L'Estrange.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>4.</sn> <def>To overcome or conquer by adducing reasons; -- with <xex>down</xex>; <as>as, to <ex>reason</ex> down a passion</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>5.</sn> <def>To find by logical processes; to explain or justify by reason or argument; -- usually with <ptcl>out</ptcl>; <as>as, to <ex>reason</ex> out the causes of the librations of the moon</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rea"son*a*ble</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;"z'n*&adot_;*b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>resonable</ets>, F. <ets>raisonnable</ets>, fr. L. <ets>rationabilis</ets>. See <er>Reason</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Having the faculty of reason; endued with reason; rational; <as>as, a <ex>reasonable</ex> being</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Governed by reason; being under the influence of reason; thinking, speaking or acting rationally, or according to the dictates of reason; agreeable to reason; just; rational; <as>as, the measure must satisfy all <ex>reasonable</ex> men</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>By indubitable certainty, I mean that which doth not admit of any <qex>reasonable</qex> cause of doubting.</q> <rj><qau>Bp. Wilkins.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Men have no right to what is not <qex>reasonable</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Burke.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>Not excessive or immoderate; within due limits; proper; <as>as, a <ex>reasonable</ex> demand, amount, price</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Let . . . all things be thought upon<br/>
That may, with <qex>reasonable</qex> swiftness, add<br/>
More feathers to our wings.</q> <rj><qau>Shak.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><syn><b>Syn.</b> -- Rational; just; honest; equitable; fair; suitable; moderate; tolerable. See <er>Rational</er>.</syn><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rea"son*a*ble</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Reasonably; tolerably.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>I have a <qex>reasonable</qex> good ear in music.</q> <rj><qau>Shak.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rea"son*a*ble*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Quality of being reasonable.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rea"son*a*bly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>In a reasonable manner.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Moderately; tolerably.</def> &ldquo;<xex>Reasonably</xex> perfect in the language.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Holder.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rea"son*er</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;"z'n*&etilde_;r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who reasons or argues; <as>as, a fair <ex>reasoner</ex>; a close <ex>reasoner</ex>; a logical <ex>reasoner</ex>.</as></def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rea"son*ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act or process of adducing a reason or reasons; manner of presenting one's reasons.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is offered in argument; proofs or reasons when arranged and developed; course of argument.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>His <qex>reasoning</qex> was sufficiently profound.</q> <rj><qau>Macaulay.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><syn><b>Syn.</b> -- Argumentation; argument.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Reasoning</er>, <er>Argumentation</er>. Few words are more interchanged than these; and yet, technically, there is a difference between them. <xex>Reasoning</xex> is the broader term, including both deduction and induction. <xex>Argumentation</xex> denotes simply the former, and descends from the whole to some included part; while <xex>reasoning</xex> embraces also the latter, and ascends from the parts to a whole. See <er>Induction</er>. <xex>Reasoning</xex> is occupied with ideas and their relations; <xex>argumentation</xex> has to do with the forms of logic. A thesis is set down: you attack, I defend it; you insist, I reply; you deny, I prove; you distinguish, I destroy your distinctions; my replies balance or overturn your objections. Such is <xex>argumentation</xex>. It supposes that there are two sides, and that both agree to the same rules. <xex>Reasoning</xex>, on the other hand, is often a natural process, by which we form, from the general analogy of nature, or special presumptions in the case, conclusions which have greater or less degrees of force, and which may be strengthened or weakened by subsequent experience.</usage><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rea"son*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A rationalist.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Such persons are now commonly called &ldquo;<qex>reasonists</qex>&rdquo; and &ldquo;rationalists,&rdquo; to distinguish them from true reasoners and rational inquirers.</q> <rj><qau>Waterland.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rea"son*less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Destitute of reason; <as>as, a <ex>reasonless</ex> man or mind</as>.</def>  <rj><au>Shak.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Void of reason; not warranted or supported by reason; unreasonable.</def><br/>
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<p><q>This proffer is absurd and <qex>reasonless</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Shak.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Re`as*sem"blage</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;`&abreve;s*s&ebreve_;m"bl&auptack_;j)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Assemblage a second time or again.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`as*sem"ble</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;`&abreve;s*s&ebreve_;m"b'l)</pr>, <pos>v. t. &amp; i.</pos> <def>To assemble again.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`as*sert"</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;`&abreve;s*s&etilde_;rt")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To assert again or anew; to maintain after an omission to do so.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Let us hope . . . we may have a body of authors who will <qex>reassert</qex> our claim to respectability in literature.</q> <rj><qau>Walsh.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`as*ser"tion</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;`&abreve;s*s&etilde_;r"sh&ubreve;n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A second or renewed assertion of the same thing.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`as*sess"ment</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;`&abreve;s*s&ebreve_;s"m&eitalic_;nt</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A renewed or second assessment.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`as*sign"</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;`&abreve;s*s&imacr;n")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To assign back or again; to transfer back what has been assigned.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`as*sign"ment</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;`&abreve;s*s&imacr;n"m&eitalic_;nt)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of reassigning.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`as*sim"i*late</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;`&abreve;s*s&ibreve_;m"&ibreve_;*l&amacr;t)</pr>, <pos>v. t. &amp; i.</pos> <def>To assimilate again.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Re`as*sim`i*la"tion</wf> <pr>(r&emacr;`&abreve;s*s&ibreve_;m"&ibreve_;*l&amacr;"sh&ubreve;n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`as*so"ci*ate</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;`&abreve;s*s&omacr;"sh&ibreve_;*&amacr;t)</pr>, <pos>v. t. &amp; i.</pos> <def>To associate again; to bring again into close relations.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`as*sume"</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;`&abreve;s*s&umacr;m")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To assume again or anew; to resume.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Re`as*sump"tion</wf> <pr>(r&emacr;`&abreve;s*s&ubreve;mp"sh&ubreve;n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`as*sur"ance</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;`&adot_;*sh&usuml_;r"&aitalic_;ns)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Assurance or confirmation renewed or repeated.</def>  <rj><au>Prynne.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Reinsurance</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`as*sure"</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;`&adot_;*sh&usuml_;r")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To assure anew; to restore confidence to; to free from fear or terror.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>They rose with fear, . . . <br/>
Till dauntless Pallas <qex>reassured</qex> the rest.</q> <rj><qau>Dryden.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To reinsure.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`as*sur"er</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;`&adot_;*sh&usuml_;r"&etilde_;r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who reassures.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Reas"ty</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;s"t&ybreve_;)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <def>Rusty and rancid; -- applied to salt meat.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</mark> <au>Tusser.</au> -- <wordforms><wf>Reas"ti*ness</wf> <pr>(r&emacr;s"t&ibreve_;*n&ebreve_;s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</mark></wordforms><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>&Verbar;Re*a"ta</hw> <pr>(r&auptack_;*&auml;"t&adot_;)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp.]</ety> <def>A lariat.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`at*tach"</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;`&abreve;t*t&abreve;ch")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To attach again.</def> <note>The object reattached may have been an integral part which had never been "attached" (trans), e.g., to reattach a severed finger.</note><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source> <source>+PJC</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`at*tach"ment</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;`&abreve;t*t&abreve;ch"m&eitalic_;nt)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of reattaching; a second attachment.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`at*tain"</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;`&abreve;t*t&amacr;n")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To attain again.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`at*tain"ment</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;`&abreve;t*t&amacr;n"m&eitalic_;nt)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of reattaining.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`at*tempt"</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;`&abreve;t*t&ebreve_;mt"; 215)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To attempt again.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re"aume</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;"&asuml_;m)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Realm.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Chaucer.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>R&eacute;`au`mur"</hw> <pr>(r&auptack_;`&omacr;`m&usdot_;r")</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining to <person>Ren&eacute; Antoine Ferchault de <etsep>R&eacute;aumur</etsep></person>; conformed to the scale adopted by <person>R&eacute;aumur</person> in graduating the thermometer he invented.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>A R&eacute;aumur thermometer or scale.</def></def2><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><note>&hand_; The <xex>R&eacute;aumur thermometer</xex> is so graduated that 0&deg; marks the freezing point and 80&deg; the boiling point of water. Frequently indicated by R.  Cf. <er>Centigrade</er>, and <er>Fahrenheit</er>. See <xex>Illust.</xex> of <er>Thermometer</er>.</note><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Reave</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;v)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Reaved</conjf> <pr>(r&emacr;vd)</pr>, <conjf>Reft</conjf> <pr>(r&ebreve_;ft)</pr>, or <conjf>Raft</conjf> <pr>(r&adot_;ft)</pr> (<mark>obs.</mark>); <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Reaving</conjf>.]</vmorph> <ety>[AS. <ets>re&aacute;fian</ets>, from <ets>re&aacute;f</ets> spoil, plunder, clothing, <ets>re&oacute;fan</ets> to break (cf. <ets>bire&oacute;fan</ets> to deprive of); akin to G. <ets>rauben</ets> to rob, Icel. <ets>raufa</ets> to rob, <ets>rj&umacr;fa</ets> to break, violate, Goth. <ets>bir&aacute;ub&omacr;n</ets> to despoil, L. <ets>rumpere</ets> to break; cf. Skr. <ets>lup</ets> to break. &radic;114.  Cf. <er>Bereave</er>, <er>Rob</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>, <er>Robe</er>, <er>Rove</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>, <er>Rupture</er>.]</ety> <def>To take away by violence or by stealth; to snatch away; to rob; to despoil; to bereave. <mark>[Archaic]</mark>.</def> &ldquo;To <xex>reave</xex> his life.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Spenser.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>He golden apples <qex>raft</qex> of the dragon.</q> <rj><qau>Chaucer.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><q>If the wooers <qex>reave</qex><br/>
By privy stratagem my life at home.</q> <rj><qau>Chapman.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>To <qex>reave</qex> the orphan of his patrimony.</q> <rj><qau>Shak.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><q>The heathen caught and <qex>reft</qex> him of his tongue.</q> <rj><qau>Tennyson.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Reav"er</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;v"&etilde_;r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who reaves.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`a*wake"</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;`&adot_;*w&amacr;k")</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To awake again.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*ban"ish</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;*b&abreve;n"&ibreve_;sh)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To banish again.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*bap"tism</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;*b&abreve;p"t&ibreve_;z'm)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A second baptism.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*bap`ti*za"tion</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;*b&abreve;p`t&ibreve_;*z&amacr;"sh&ubreve;n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>rebaptisation</ets>.]</ety> <def>A second baptism.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Hooker.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`bap*tize"</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;`b&abreve;p*t&imacr;z")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re-</ets> + <ets>baptize</ets>: cf. F. <ets>rebaptiser</ets>, L. <ets>rebaptizare</ets>.]</ety> <def>To baptize again or a second time.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`bap*tiz"er</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;`b&abreve;p*t&imacr;z"&etilde_;r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who rebaptizes.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*bar"ba*rize</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;*b&auml;r"b&adot_;*r&imacr;z)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To reduce again to barbarism.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Re*bar`ba*ri*za"tion</wf> <pr>(r&emacr;*b&auml;r"b&adot_;*r&ibreve_;*z&amacr;"sh&ubreve;n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Germany . . . <qex>rebarbarized</qex> by polemical theology and religious wars.</q> <rj><qau>Sir W. Hamilton.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*bate"</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*b&amacr;t")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>rebattre</ets> to beat again; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>battre</ets> to beat, L. <ets>batuere</ets> to beat, strike. See <er>Abate</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To beat to obtuseness; to deprive of keenness; to blunt; to turn back the point of, as a lance used for exercise.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>But doth <qex>rebate</qex> and blunt his natural edge.</q> <rj><qau>Shak.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To deduct from; to make a discount from, as interest due, or customs duties.</def>  <rj><au>Blount.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>To return a portion of a sum paid, as a method of discounting of prices.</def><br/>
[<source>PJC</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Rebated cross</b></col>, <cd>a cross which has the extremities of the arms bent back at right angles, as in the fylfot.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*bate"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To abate; to withdraw.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Foxe.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*bate"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Diminution.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>Deduction; abatement; <as>as, a <ex>rebate</ex> of interest for immediate payment; a <ex>rebate</ex> of importation duties.</as></def>  <rj><au>Bouvier.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>A portion of a sum paid, returned to the purchaser, as a method of discounting.  The rebate is sometimes returned by the manufacturer, after the full price is paid to the retailer by the purchaser.</def><br/>
[<source>PJC</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*bate"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Rabbet</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A rectangular longitudinal recess or groove, cut in the corner or edge of any body; a rabbet. See <er>Rabbet</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>A piece of wood hafted into a long stick, and serving to beat out mortar.</def>  <rj><au>Elmes.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>An iron tool sharpened something like a chisel, and used for dressing and polishing wood.</def>  <rj><au>Elmes.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>4.</sn> <ety>[Perhaps a different word.]</ety> <def>A kind of hard freestone used in making pavements.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>  <rj><au>Elmes.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*bate"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To cut a rebate in. See <er>Rabbet</er>, <pos>v.</pos></def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*bate"ment</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*b&amacr;t"m&eitalic_;nt)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>rabatement</ets>, fr. <ets>rabatre</ets> to diminish, F. <ets>rabattre</ets>.]</ety> <def>Same as 3d <er>Rebate</er>, <pos>v.</pos></def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*ba"to</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*b&amacr;"t&ouptack_;)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as <er>Rabato</er>.</def>  <rj><au>Burton.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re"bec</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;"b&ebreve_;k)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr. It. <ets>ribeca</ets>, <ets>ribeba</ets>, fr. Ar. <ets>rab&amacr;b</ets> a musical instrument of a round form.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>An instrument formerly used which somewhat resembled the violin, having three strings, and being played with a bow.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>rebeck</asp>.]</altsp>  <rj><au>Milton.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>He turn'd his <qex>rebec</qex> to a mournful note.</q> <rj><qau>Drayton.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>A contemptuous term applied to an old woman.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Chaucer.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Reb"el</hw> <pr>(r&ebreve_;b"&ebreve_;l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>rebelle</ets>, fr. L. <ets>rebellis</ets>. See <er>Rebel</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>]</ety> <def>Pertaining to rebels or rebellion; acting in revolt; rebellious; <as>as, <ex>rebel</ex> troops</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Whoso be <qex>rebel</qex> to my judgment.</q> <rj><qau>Chaucer.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Convict by flight, and <qex>rebel</qex> to all law.</q> <rj><qau>Milton.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Reb"el</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>rebelle</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who rebels.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><syn><b>Syn.</b> -- Revolter; insurgent.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Rebel</er>, <er>Insurgent</er>. <xex>Insurgent</xex> marks an early, and <xex>rebel</xex> a more advanced, stage of opposition to government. The former rises up against his rulers, the latter makes war upon them.</usage><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*bel"</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*b&ebreve_;l")</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Rebelled</conjf> <pr>(r&euptack_;*b&ebreve_;ld)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Rebelling</conjf>.]</vmorph> <ety>[F. <ets>rebeller</ets>, fr. L. <ets>rebellare</ets> to make war again; pref. <ets>re-</ets> again + <ets>bellare</ets> to make war, fr. <ets>bellum</ets> war. See <er>Bellicose</er>, and cf. <er>Revel</er> to carouse.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To renounce, and resist by force, the authority of the ruler or government to which one owes obedience. See <er>Rebellion</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>The murmur and the churls' <qex>rebelling</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Chaucer.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Ye have builded you an altar, that ye might <qex>rebel</qex> this day against the Lord.</q> <rj><qau>Josh. xxii. 16.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To be disobedient to authority; to assume a hostile or insubordinate attitude; to revolt.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>How could my hand <qex>rebel</qex> against my heart?<br/>
How could your heart <qex>rebel</qex> against your reason?</q> <rj><qau>Dryden.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Reb"el*dom</hw> <pr>(r&ebreve_;b"&ebreve_;l*d&ubreve;m)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A region infested by rebels; rebels, considered collectively; also, conduct or quality characteristic of rebels.</def>  <rj><au>Thackeray.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*bel"ler</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*b&ebreve_;l"l&etilde_;r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who rebels; a rebel.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*bel"lion</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*b&ebreve_;l"y&ubreve;n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>r&eacute;bellion</ets>, L. <ets>rebellio</ets>. See <er>Rebel</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos> Among the Romans rebellion was originally a revolt or open resistance to their government by nations that had been subdued in war. It was a renewed war.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of rebelling; open and avowed renunciation of the authority of the government to which one owes obedience, and resistance to its officers and laws, either by levying war, or by aiding others to do so; an organized uprising of subjects for the purpose of coercing or overthrowing their lawful ruler or government by force; revolt; insurrection.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>No sooner is the standard of <qex>rebellion</qex> displayed than men of desperate principles resort to it.</q> <rj><qau>Ames.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Open resistance to, or defiance of, lawful authority.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Commission of rebellion</b></col> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld>, <cd>a process of contempt issued on the nonappearance of a defendant, -- now abolished.</cd>  <au>Wharton.</au>  <au>Burrill.</au></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><syn><b>Syn.</b> -- Insurrection; sedition; revolt; mutiny; resistance; contumacy. See <er>Insurrection</er>.</syn><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*bel"lious</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*b&ebreve_;l"y&ubreve;s)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Engaged in rebellion; disposed to rebel; of the nature of rebels or of rebellion; resisting government or lawful authority by force.</def> &ldquo;Thy <xex>rebellious</xex> crew.&rdquo;  &ldquo;Proud <xex>rebellious</xex> arms.&rdquo; <au>Milton.</au> -- <wordforms><wf>Re*bel"lious*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> -- <wf>Re*bel"lious*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*bel"low</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;*b&ebreve_;l"l&ouptack_;)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To bellow again; to repeat or echo a bellow.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>The cave <qex>rebellowed</qex>, and the temple shook.</q> <rj><qau>Dryden.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*bit"ing</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;*b&imacr;t"&ibreve_;ng)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Etching)</fld> <def>The act or process of deepening worn lines in an etched plate by submitting it again to the action of acid.</def>  <rj><au>Fairholt.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*bloom"</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;*bl&oomacr_;m")</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To bloom again.</def>  <rj><au>Crabbe.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*blos"som</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;*bl&obreve_;s"s&ubreve;m)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To blossom again.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*bo"ant</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*b&omacr;"&aitalic_;nt)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>reboans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>reboare</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>boare</ets> to cry aloud.]</ety> <def>Rebellowing; resounding loudly.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>  <rj><au>Mrs. Browning.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`bo*a"tion</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;`b&ouptack_;*&amacr;"sh&ubreve;n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Repetition of a bellow.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>  <rj><au>Bp. Patrick.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*boil"</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;*boil")</pr>, <pos>v. t. &amp; i.</pos> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re-</ets> + <ets>boil</ets>: cf. F. <ets>rebouillir</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To boil, or to cause to boil, again.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Fig.: To make or to become hot.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Some of his companions thereat <qex>reboyleth</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Sir T. Elyot.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*born"</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;*b&ocirc;rn")</pr>, <pos>p. p.</pos> <def>Born again.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*bound"</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*bound")</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re-</ets> + <ets>bound</ets>: cf. F. <ets>rebondir</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To spring back; to start back; to be sent back or reverberated by elastic force on collision with another body; <as>as, a <ex>rebounding</ex> echo</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Bodies which are absolutely hard, or so soft as to be void of elasticity, will not <qex>rebound</qex> from one another.</q> <rj><qau>Sir I. Newton.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To give back an echo.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>  <rj><au>T. Warton.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>To bound again or repeatedly, as a horse.</def>  <rj><au>Pope.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>4.</sn> <def>to recover, as from sickness, psychological shock, or disappointment.</def><br/>
[<source>PJC</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Rebounding lock</b></col> <fld>(Firearms)</fld>, <cd>one in which the hammer rebounds to half cock after striking the cap or primer.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*bound"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To send back; to reverberate.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Silenus sung; the vales his voice <qex>rebound</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Dryden.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*bound"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of rebounding; resilience.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Flew . . . back, as from a rock, with swift <qex>rebound</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Dryden.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>recovery, as from sickness, psychological shock, or disappointment.</def><br/>
[<source>PJC</source>]</p>

<p><hw>&Verbar;Re*bo"zo</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp. <ets>rebozo</ets>.]</ety> <def>A kind of mantilla worn by women over the head and shoulders, and sometimes over part of the face.</def> <mark>[Mexico &amp; Sp. Amer.]</mark><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*brace"</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;*br&amacr;s")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To brace again.</def>  <rj><au>Gray.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*breathe"</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;*br&emacr;th")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To breathe again.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*bu"cous</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*b&umacr;"k&ubreve;s)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Rebuking.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>She gave unto him many <qex>rebucous</qex> words.</q> <rj><qau>Fabyan.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*buff"</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*b&ubreve;f")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It. <ets>ribuffo</ets>, akin to <ets>ribuffare</ets> to repulse; pref. <ets>ri-</ets> (L. <ets>re-</ets>) + <ets>buffo</ets> puff.  Cf. <er>Buff</er> to strike, <er>Buffet</er> a blow.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Repercussion, or beating back; a quick and sudden resistance.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>The strong <qex>rebuff</qex> of some tumultuous cloud.</q> <rj><qau>Milton.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Sudden check; unexpected repulse; defeat; refusal; repellence; rejection of solicitation.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*buff"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Rebuffed</conjf> <pr>(r&euptack_;*b&ubreve;ft")</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Rebuffing</conjf>.]</vmorph> <def>To beat back; to offer sudden resistance to; to check; to repel or repulse violently, harshly, or uncourteously.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*build"</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;*b&ibreve_;ld")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To build again, as something which has been demolished; to construct anew; <as>as, to <ex>rebuild</ex> a house, a wall, a wharf, or a city</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*build"er</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;*b&ibreve_;ld"&etilde_;r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who rebuilds.</def>  <rj><au>Bp. Bull.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*buk"a*ble</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*b&umacr;k"&adot_;*b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Worthy of rebuke or reprehension; reprehensible.</def>  <rj><au>Shak.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*buke"</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*b&umacr;k")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Rebuked</conjf> <pr>(r&euptack_;*b&umacr;kt")</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Rebuking</conjf>.]</vmorph> <ety>[OF. <ets>rebouquier</ets> to dull, blunt, F. <ets>reboucher</ets>; perhaps fr. pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>bouche</ets> mouth, OF. also <ets>bouque</ets>, L. <ets>bucca</ets> cheek; if so, the original sense was, to stop the mouth of; hence, to stop, obstruct.]</ety> <def>To check, silence, or put down, with reproof; to restrain by expression of disapprobation; to reprehend sharply and summarily; to chide; to reprove; to admonish.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>The proud he tamed, the penitent he cheered,<br/>
Nor to <qex>rebuke</qex> the rich offender feared.</q> <rj><qau>Dryden.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><syn><b>Syn.</b> -- To reprove; chide; check; chasten; restrain; silence. See <er>Reprove</er>.</syn><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><!-- p. 1197 pr=vmg --></p>

<p><hw>Re*buke"</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*b&umacr;k")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A direct and pointed reproof; a reprimand; also, chastisement; punishment.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>For thy sake I have suffered <qex>rebuke</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Jer. xv. 15.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Why bear you these <qex>rebukes</qex> and answer not?</q> <rj><qau>Shak.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Check; rebuff.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>L'Estrange.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>To be without rebuke</b></col>, <cd>to live without giving cause of reproof or censure; to be blameless.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*buke"ful</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*b&umacr;k"f&usdot_;l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Containing rebuke; of the nature of rebuke.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <wordforms><wf>Re*buke"ful*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*buk"er</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*b&umacr;k"&etilde_;r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who rebukes.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*buk"ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>By way of rebuke.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`bul*li"tion</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;`b&ubreve;l*l&ibreve_;sh"&ubreve;n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of boiling up or effervescing.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>  <rj><au>Sir H. Wotton.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*bur"y</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;*b&ebreve_;r"r&ybreve_;)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To bury again.</def>  <rj><au>Ashmole.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re"bus</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;"b&ubreve;s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu><it>pl.</it> <plw>Rebuses</plw> <pr>(r&emacr;"b&ubreve;s*&ebreve_;z)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L. <ets>rebus</ets> by things, abl. pl. of <ets>res</ets> a thing: cf. F. <ets>r&eacute;bus</ets>.  Cf. 3d <er>Real</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A mode of expressing words and phrases by pictures of objects whose names resemble those words, or the syllables of which they are composed; enigmatical representation of words by figures; hence, a peculiar form of riddle made up of such representations.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><note>&hand_; A gallant, in love with a woman named <xex>Rose Hill</xex>, had, embroidered on his gown, a rose, a hill, an eye, a loaf, and a well, signifying, <xex>Rose Hill I love well</xex>.</note><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A pictorial suggestion on a coat of arms of the name of the person to whom it belongs. See <cref>Canting arms</cref>, under <er>Canting</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re"bus</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To mark or indicate by a rebus.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>He [John Morton] had a fair library <qex>rebused</qex> with More in text and Tun under it.</q> <rj><qau>Fuller.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*but"</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*b&ubreve;t")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Rebutted</conjf>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Rebutting</conjf>.]</vmorph> <ety>[OF. <ets>rebouter</ets> to repulse, drive back; pref. <ets>re-</ets> + <ets>bouter</ets> to push, thrust. See 1st <er>Butt</er>, <er>Boutade</er>.]</ety><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>1.</sn> <def>To drive or beat back; to repulse.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Who him, rencount'ring fierce, as hawk in flight,<br/>
Perforce <qex>rebutted</qex> back.</q> <rj><qau>Spenser.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To contradict, meet, or oppose by argument, plea, or countervailing proof.</def>  <rj><au>Abbott.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*but"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To retire; to recoil.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Spenser.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To make, or put in, an answer, as to a plaintiff's surrejoinder.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>The plaintiff may answer the rejoinder by a surrejoinder; on which the defendant may <qex>rebut</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Blackstone.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*but"ta*ble</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*b&ubreve;t"t&adot_;*b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable of being rebutted.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*but"tal</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*b&ubreve;t"t&aitalic_;l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The giving of evidence on the part of a plaintiff to destroy the effect of evidence introduced by the defendant in the same suit.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*but"ter</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*b&ubreve;t"t&etilde_;r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The answer of a defendant in matter of fact to a plaintiff's surrejoinder.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*ca"den*cy</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;*k&amacr;"d&eitalic_;n*s&ybreve_;)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A falling back or descending a second time; a relapse.</def>  <rj><au>W. Montagu.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*cal"ci*trant</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*k&abreve;l"s&ibreve_;*tr&aitalic_;nt)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>recalcitrans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>recalcitrare</ets> to kick back; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>calcitrare</ets> to kick, fr. <ets>calx</ets> heel.  Cf. <er>Inculcate</er>.]</ety> <def>Kicking back; recalcitrating; hence, showing repugnance or opposition; refractory.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*cal"ci*trate</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*k&abreve;l"s&ibreve_;*tr&amacr;t)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To kick against; to show repugnance to; to rebuff.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>The more heartily did one disdain his disdain, and <qex>recalcitrate</qex> his tricks.</q> <rj><qau>De Quincey.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*cal"ci*trate</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To kick back; to kick against anything; hence, to express repugnance or opposition.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*cal`ci*tra"tion</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*k&abreve;l"s&ibreve_;*tr&amacr;"sh&ubreve;n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A kicking back again; opposition; repugnance; refractoriness.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*call"</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*k&asuml_;l")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To call back; to summon to return; <as>as, to <ex>recall</ex> troops; to <ex>recall</ex> an ambassador.</as></def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>If Henry were <qex>recalled</qex> to life again.</q> <rj><qau>Shak.</qau></rj></p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To revoke; to annul by a subsequent act; to take back; to withdraw; <as>as, to <ex>recall</ex> words, or a decree</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Passed sentence may not be <qex>recall'd</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Shak.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>To call back to mind; to revive in memory; to recollect; to remember; <as>as, to <ex>recall</ex> bygone days</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*call"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A calling back; a revocation.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>'T is done, and since 't is done, 't is past <qex>recall</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Dryden.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A call on the trumpet, bugle, or drum, by which soldiers are recalled from duty, labor, etc.</def>  <rj><au>Wilhelm.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Political Science)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The right or procedure by which a public official, commonly a legislative or executive official, may be removed from office, before the end of his term of office, by a vote of the people to be taken on the filing of a petition signed by a required number or percentage of qualified voters.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Short for <col><b>recall of judicial decisions</b></col>, the right or procedure by which the decision of a court may be directly reversed or annulled by popular vote, as was advocated, in 1912, in the platform of the Progressive party for certain cases involving the police power of the state.</def><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*call"a*ble</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*k&asuml_;l"&adot_;*b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable of being recalled.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*call"ment</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*k&asuml_;l"m&eitalic_;nt)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Recall.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>  <rj><au>R. Browning.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*cant"</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*k&abreve;nt")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Recanted</conjf>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Recanting</conjf>.]</vmorph> <ety>[L. <ets>recantare</ets>, <ets>recantatum</ets>, to recall, recant; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>cantare</ets> to sing, to sound. See 3d <er>Cant</er>, <er>Chant</er>.]</ety> <def>To withdraw or repudiate formally and publicly (opinions formerly expressed); to contradict, as a former declaration; to take back openly; to retract; to recall.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>How soon . . . ease would <qex>recant</qex><br/>
Vows made in pain, as violent and void!</q> <rj><qau>Milton.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><syn><b>Syn.</b> -- To retract; recall; revoke; abjure; disown; disavow. See <er>Renounce</er>.</syn><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*cant"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To revoke a declaration or proposition; to unsay what has been said; to retract; <as>as, convince me that I am wrong, and I will <ex>recant</ex></as>.</def>  <rj><au>Dryden.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`can*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;`k&abreve;n*t&amacr;"sh&ubreve;n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of recanting; a declaration that contradicts a former one; that which is thus asserted in contradiction; retraction.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>The poor man was imprisoned for this discovery, and forced to make a public <qex>recantation</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Bp. Stillingfleet.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*cant"er</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*k&abreve;nt"&etilde_;r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who recants.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`ca*pac"i*tate</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;`k&adot_;*p&abreve;s"&ibreve_;*t&amacr;t)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To qualify again; to confer capacity on again.</def>  <rj><au>Atterbury.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*ca*pit"u*late</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;`k&adot_;*p&ibreve_;t"&uuptack_;*l&amacr;t)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>recapitulare</ets>, <ets>recapitulatum</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>capitulum</ets> a small head, chapter, section. See <er>Capitulate</er>.]</ety> <def>To repeat, as the principal points in a discourse, argument, or essay; to give a summary of the principal facts, points, or arguments of; to relate in brief; to summarize.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`ca*pit"u*late</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;`k&adot_;*p&ibreve_;t"&uuptack_;*l&amacr;t)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To sum up, or enumerate by heads or topics, what has been previously said; to repeat briefly the substance.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`ca*pit`u*la"tion</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;`k&adot_;*p&ibreve_;t"&uuptack_;*l&amacr;"sh&ubreve;n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL. <ets>recapitulatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>recapitulation</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of recapitulating; a summary, or concise statement or enumeration, of the principal points, facts, or statements, in a preceding discourse, argument, or essay.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>That process of development of the individual organism from the embryonic stage onward, which displays a parallel between the development of an individual animal (ontogeny) and the historical evolution of the species (phylogeny).  Some authors recognize two types of recapitulation, <stype>palingenesis</stype>, in which the truly ancestral characters conserved by heredity are reproduced during development; and <stype>cenogenesis</stype> (<contr>kenogenesis</contr> or <contr>coenogenesis</contr>), the mode of individual development in which alterations in the development process have changed the original process of recapitulation and obscured the evolutionary pathway.</def><br/>
[<source>PJC</source>]</p>

<p><q>This parallel is explained by the theory of evolution, according to which, in the words of Sidgwick, "the developmental history of the individual appears to be a short and simplified repetition, or in a certain sense a recapitulation, of the course of development of the species." Examples of <ex>recapitulation</ex> may be found in the embryological development of all vertebrates.  Thus the frog develops through stages in which the embryo just before hatching is very fish-like, after hatching becomes a tadpole which exhibits many newt-like characters; and finally reaches the permanent frog stage.  This accords with the comparative rank of the fish, newt and frog groups in classification; and also with the succession appearance of these groups. Man, as the highest animal, exhibits most completely these phenomena. In the earliest stages the human embryo is indistinguishable from that of any other creature. A little later the cephalic region shows gill-slits, like those which in a shark are a permanent feature, and the heart is two-chambered or fish-like.  Further development closes the gill-slits, and the heart changes to the reptilian type. Here the reptiles stop, while birds and mammals advance further; but the human embryo in its progress to the higher type recapitulates and leaves features characteristic of lower mammalian forms -- for instance, a distinct and comparatively long tail exists. Most of these changes are completed before the embryo is six weeks old, but some traces of primitive and obsolete structures persist throughout life as "vestiges" or "rudimentary organs," and others appear after birth in infancy, as the well-known tendency of babies to turn their feet sideways and inward, and to use their toes and feet as grasping organs, after the manner of monkeys.  This recapitulation of ancestral characters in ontogeny is not complete, however, for not all the stages are reproduced in every case, so far as can be perceived; and it is irregular and complicated in various ways among others by the inheritance of acquired characters. The most special students of it, as Haeckel, Fritz M&uuml;tter, Hyatt, Balfour, etc., distinguish two sorts of recapitulation <stype>palingenesis</stype>, exemplified in amphibian larvae and <stype>coenogenesis</stype>, the last manifested most completely in the metamorphoses of insects.  Palingenesis is recapitulation without any fundamental changes due to the later modification of the primitive method of development, while in coenogenesis, the mode of development has suffered alterations which obscure the original process of recapitulation, or support it entirely.</q> <qau>Encyclopedia Americana, 1961.</qau><br/>
[<source>PJC</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`ca*pit"u*la`tor</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;`k&adot_;*p&ibreve_;t"&uuptack_;*l&amacr;`t&etilde_;r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who recapitulates.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`ca*pit"u*la*to*ry</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;`k&adot_;*p&ibreve_;t"&uuptack_;*l&adot_;*t&ouptack_;*r&ybreve_;)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of the nature of a recapitulation; containing recapitulation.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*cap"per</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*k&abreve;p"p&etilde_;r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Firearms)</fld> <def>A tool used for applying a fresh percussion cap or primer to a cartridge shell in reloading it.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*cap"tion</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*k&abreve;p"sh&ubreve;n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The act of retaking, as of one who has escaped after arrest; reprisal; the retaking of one's own goods, chattels, wife, or children, without force or violence, from one who has taken them and who wrongfully detains them.</def>  <rj><au>Blackstone.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Writ of recaption</b></col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a writ to recover damages for him whose goods, being distrained for rent or service, are distrained again for the same cause.</cd> <rj><au>Wharton.</au></rj></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*cap"tor</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*k&abreve;p"t&etilde_;r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who recaptures; one who takes a prize which had been previously taken.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*cap"ture</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*k&abreve;p"t&uuptack_;r; 135)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of retaking or recovering by capture; especially, the retaking of a prize or goods from a captor.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is captured back; a prize retaken.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*cap"ture</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To capture again; to retake.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*car"bon*ize</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*k&auml;r"b&obreve_;n*&imacr;z)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <fld>(Metal.)</fld> <def>To restore carbon to; <as>as, to <ex>recarbonize</ex> iron in converting it into steel</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*car"ni*fy</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*k&auml;r"n&ibreve_;*f&imacr;)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To convert again into flesh.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Howell.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*car"riage</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*k&abreve;r"r&ibreve_;j)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Act of carrying back.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*car"ry</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*k&abreve;r"r&ybreve_;)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To carry back.</def>  <rj><au>Walton.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*cast"</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;*k&adot_;st")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To throw again.</def>  <rj><au>Florio.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To mold anew; to cast anew; to throw into a new form or shape; to reconstruct; <as>as, to <ex>recast</ex> cannon; to <ex>recast</ex> an argument or a play.</as></def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>To compute, or cast up, a second time.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rec"che</hw> <pr>(r&ebreve_;k"k&eitalic_;)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To reck.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Chaucer.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rec"che*les</hw> <pr>(r&ebreve_;k"l&ebreve_;s)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Reckless.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Chaucer.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*cede"</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*s&emacr;d")</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Receded</conjf>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Receding</conjf>.]</vmorph> <ety>[L. <ets>recedere</ets>, <ets>recessum</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>cedere</ets> to go, to go along: cf. F. <ets>rec&eacute;der</ets>. See <er>Cede</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To move back; to retreat; to withdraw.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Like the hollow roar<br/>
Of tides <qex>receding</qex> from the insulted shore.</q> <rj><qau>Dryden.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>All bodies moved circularly endeavor to <qex>recede</qex> from the center.</q> <rj><qau>Bentley.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To withdraw a claim or pretension; to desist; to relinquish what had been proposed or asserted; <as>as, to <ex>recede</ex> from a demand or proposition</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><syn><b>Syn.</b> -- To retire; retreat; return; retrograde; withdraw; desist.</syn><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*cede"</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;*s&emacr;d")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re-</ets> + <ets>cede</ets>.  Cf. <er>Recede</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>]</ety> <def>To cede back; to grant or yield again to a former possessor; <as>as, to <ex>recede</ex> conquered territory</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*ceipt"</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*s&emacr;t")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>receite</ets>, OF. <ets>recete</ets>, <ets>recepte</ets>, F. <ets>recette</ets>, fr. L. <ets>recipere</ets>, <ets>receptum</ets>, to receive. See <er>Receive</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of receiving; reception.</def> &ldquo;At the <xex>receipt</xex> of your letter.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Shak.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Reception, as an act of hospitality.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Thy kind <qex>receipt</qex> of me.</q> <rj><qau>Chapman.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>Capability of receiving; capacity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>It has become a place of great <qex>receipt</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Evelyn.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>4.</sn> <def>Place of receiving.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>He saw a man, named Matthew, sitting at the <qex>receipt</qex> of custom.</q> <rj><qau>Matt. ix. 9.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>5.</sn> <def>Hence, a recess; a retired place.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> &ldquo;In a retired <xex>receipt</xex> together lay.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Chapman.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>6.</sn> <def>A formulary according to the directions of which things are to be taken or combined; a recipe; <as>as, a <ex>receipt</ex> for making sponge cake</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>She had a <qex>receipt</qex> to make white hair black.</q> <rj><qau>Sir T. Browne.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>7.</sn> <def>A writing acknowledging the taking or receiving of goods delivered; an acknowledgment of money paid.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>8.</sn> <def>That which is received; that which comes in, in distinction from what is expended, paid out, sent away, and the like; -- usually in the plural; <as>as, the <ex>receipts</ex> amounted to a thousand dollars</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Gross receipts</b></col>. <cd>See under <er>Gross</er>, <pos>a.</pos></cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*ceipt"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Receipted</conjf>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Receipting</conjf>.]</vmorph> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To give a receipt for; <as>as, to <ex>receipt</ex> goods delivered by a sheriff</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To put a receipt on, as by writing or stamping; <as>as, to <ex>receipt</ex> a bill</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*ceipt"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To give a receipt, as for money paid.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*ceipt"ment</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*s&emacr;t"m&eitalic_;nt)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld> <def>The receiving or harboring a felon knowingly, after the commission of a felony.</def>  <rj><au>Burrill.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*ceipt"or</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*s&emacr;t"&etilde_;r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who receipts; specifically <fld>(Law)</fld>, one who receipts for property which has been taken by the sheriff.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*ceit"</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*s&emacr;t")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Receipt.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Chaucer.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*ceiv`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*s&emacr;v`&adot_;*b&ibreve_;l"&ibreve_;*t&ybreve_;)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of being receivable; receivableness.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*ceiv"a*ble</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*s&emacr;v"&adot_;*b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>recevable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being received.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Re*ceiv"a*ble*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Bills receivable</b></col>. <cd>See under 6th <er>Bill</er>.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*ceive"</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*s&emacr;v")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Received</conjf> <pr>(r&euptack_;*s&emacr;vd")</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Receiving</conjf>.]</vmorph> <ety>[OF. <ets>receveir</ets>, <ets>recevoir</ets>, F. <ets>recevoir</ets>, fr. L. <ets>recipere</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>capere</ets> to take, seize. See <er>Capable</er>, <er>Heave</er>, and cf. <er>Receipt</er>, <er>Reception</er>, <er>Recipe</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To take, as something that is offered, given, committed, sent, paid, or the like; to accept; <as>as, to <ex>receive</ex> money offered in payment of a debt; to <ex>receive</ex> a gift, a message, or a letter.</as></def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q><qex>Receyven</qex> all in gree that God us sent.</q> <rj><qau>Chaucer.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence: To gain the knowledge of; to take into the mind by assent to; to give admission to; to accept, as an opinion, notion, etc.; to embrace.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Our hearts <qex>receive</qex> your warnings.</q> <rj><qau>Shak.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>The idea of solidity we <qex>receive</qex> by our touch.</q> <rj><qau>Locke.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>To allow, as a custom, tradition, or the like; to give credence or acceptance to.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Many other things there be which they have <qex>received</qex> to hold, as the washing of cups, and pots.</q> <rj><qau>Mark vii. 4.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>4.</sn> <def>To give admittance to; to permit to enter, as into one's house, presence, company, and the like; <as>as, to <ex>receive</ex> a lodger, visitor, ambassador, messenger, etc.</as></def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>They kindled a fire, and <qex>received</qex> us every one.</q> <rj><qau>Acts xxviii. 2.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>5.</sn> <def>To admit; to take in; to hold; to contain; to have capacity for; to be able to take in.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>The brazen altar that was before the Lord was too little to <qex>receive</qex> the burnt offerings.</q> <rj><qau>1 Kings viii. 64.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>6.</sn> <def>To be affected by something; to suffer; to be subjected to; <as>as, to <ex>receive</ex> pleasure or pain; to <ex>receive</ex> a wound or a blow; to <ex>receive</ex> damage.</as></def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Against his will he can <qex>receive</qex> no harm.</q> <rj><qau>Milton.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>7.</sn> <def>To take from a thief, as goods known to be stolen.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>8.</sn> <fld>(Lawn Tennis)</fld> <def>To bat back (the ball) when served.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Receiving ship</b></col>, <cd>one on board of which newly recruited sailors are received, and kept till drafted for service.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><syn><b>Syn.</b> -- To accept; take; allow; hold; retain; admit.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Receive</er>, <er>Accept</er>. To <xex>receive</xex> describes simply the act of taking. To <xex>accept</xex> denotes the taking with approval, or for the purposes for which a thing is offered. Thus, we <xex>receive</xex> a letter when it comes to hand; we <xex>receive</xex> news when it reaches us; we <xex>accept</xex> a present when it is offered; we <xex>accept</xex> an invitation to dine with a friend.</usage><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Who, if we knew<br/>
What we <qex>receive</qex>, would either not <qex>accept</qex><br/>
Life offered, or soon beg to lay it down.</q> <rj><qau>Milton.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*ceive"</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*s&emacr;v")</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To receive visitors; to be at home to receive calls; <as>as, she <ex>receives</ex> on Tuesdays</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Lawn Tennis)</fld> <def>To return, or bat back, the ball when served; <as>as, it is your turn to <ex>receive</ex></as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*ceiv"ed*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state or quality of being received, accepted, or current; <as>as, the <ex>receivedness</ex> of an opinion</as>.</def>  <rj><au>Boyle.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*ceiv"er</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*s&emacr;v"&etilde_;r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>receveur</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who takes or receives in any manner.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A person appointed, ordinarily by a court, to receive, and hold in trust, money or other property which is the subject of litigation, pending the suit; a person appointed to take charge of the estate and effects of a corporation, and to do other acts necessary to winding up its affairs, in certain cases.</def>  <rj><au>Bouvier.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>One who takes or buys stolen goods from a thief, knowing them to be stolen.</def>  <rj><au>Blackstone.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A vessel connected with an alembic, a retort, or the like, for receiving and condensing the product of distillation.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A vessel for receiving and containing gases.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Pneumatics)</fld> <def>The glass vessel in which the vacuum is produced, and the objects of experiment are put, in experiments with an air pump.  Cf. <er>Bell jar</er>, and see <xex>Illust.</xex> of <er>Air pump</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Steam Engine)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A vessel for receiving the exhaust steam from the high-pressure cylinder before it enters the low-pressure cylinder, in a compound engine.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A capacious vessel for receiving steam from a distant boiler, and supplying it dry to an engine.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>7.</sn> <def>That portion of a telephonic apparatus, or similar system, at which the message is received and made audible; -- opposed to <contr>transmitter</contr>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>8.</sn> <fld>(Firearms)</fld> <def>In portable breech-loading firearms, the steel frame screwed to the breech end of the barrel, which receives the bolt or block, gives means of securing for firing, facilitates loading, and holds the ejector, cut-off, etc.</def><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Exhausted receiver</b></col> <fld>(Physics)</fld>, <cd>a receiver, as that used with the air pump, from which the air has been withdrawn; a vessel the interior of which is a more or less complete vacuum.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*ceiv"er's cer*tif"i*cate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>An acknowledgement of indebtedness made by a receiver under order of court to obtain funds for the preservation of the assets held by him, as for operating a railroad. Receivers' certificates are ordinarily a first lien on the assets, prior to that of bonds or other securities.</def><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*ceiv"er*ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state or office of a receiver.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*cel"e*brate</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;*s&ebreve_;l"&euptack_;*br&amacr;t)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To celebrate again, or anew.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Re*cel`e*bra"tion</wf> <pr>(r&emacr;*s&ebreve_;l"&euptack_;*br&amacr;"sh&ubreve;n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re"cen*cy</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;"s&eitalic_;n*s&ybreve_;)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL. <ets>recentia</ets>, fr. L. <ets>recens</ets>. See <er>Recent</er>.]</ety> <def>The state or quality of being recent; newness; new state; late origin; lateness in time; freshness; <as>as, the <ex>recency</ex> of a transaction, of a wound, etc.</as></def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*cense"</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*s&ebreve_;ns")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>recensere</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> again + <ets>censere</ets> to value, estimate: cf. F. <ets>recenser</ets>.]</ety> <def>To review; to revise.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>  <rj><au>Bentley.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*cen"sion</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*s&ebreve_;n"sh&ubreve;n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>recensio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>recension</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of reviewing or revising; review; examination; enumeration.</def>  <rj><au>Barrow.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Specifically, the review of a text (as of an ancient author) by an editor; critical revisal and establishment.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>The result of such a work; a text established by critical revision; an edited version.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*cen"sion*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who makes recensions; specifically, a critical editor.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re"cent</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;"s&eitalic_;nt)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>recens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>r&eacute;cent</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of late origin, existence, or occurrence; lately come; not of remote date, antiquated style, or the like; not already known, familiar, worn out, trite, etc.; fresh; novel; new; modern; <as>as, <ex>recent</ex> news</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>The ancients were of opinion, that a considerable portion of that country [Egypt] was <qex>recent</qex>, and formed out of the mud discharged into the neighboring sea by the Nile.</q> <rj><qau>Woodward.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the present or existing epoch; <as>as, <ex>recent</ex> shells</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*cen"ter</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;*s&ebreve_;n"t&etilde_;r)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re-</ets> + <ets>center</ets>.]</ety> <def>To center again; to restore to the center.</def>  <rj><au>Coleridge.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re"cent*ly</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;"s&eitalic_;nt*l&ybreve_;)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Newly; lately; freshly; not long since; <as>as, advices <ex>recently</ex> received</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re"cent*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Quality or state of being recent.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*cep"ta*cle</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*s&ebreve_;p"t&adot_;*k'l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>r&eacute;ceptacle</ets>, L. <ets>receptaculum</ets>, fr. <ets>receptare</ets>, v. intens. fr. <ets>recipere</ets> to receive. See <er>Receive</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>That which serves, or is used, for receiving and containing something, as for examople, a <stype>basket</stype>, a <stype>vase</stype>, a <stype>bag</stype>, a <stype>reservoir</stype>; a <stype>repository</stype>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>O sacred <qex>receptacle</qex> of my joys!</q> <rj><qau>Shak.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The apex of the flower stalk, from which the organs of the flower grow, or into which they are inserted. See <xex>Illust.</xex> of <er>Flower</er>, and <er>Ovary</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The dilated apex of a pedicel which serves as a common support to a head of flowers.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>An intercellular cavity containing oil or resin or other matters.</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <def>A special branch which bears the fructification in many cryptogamous plants.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><!-- p. 1198 pr=vmg --></p>

<p><hw>Rec`ep*tac"u*lar</hw> <pr>(r&ebreve_;s`&ebreve_;p*t&abreve;k"&uuptack_;*l&etilde_;r)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r&eacute;ceptaculaire</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the receptacle, or growing on it; <as>as, the <ex>receptacular</ex> chaff or scales in the sunflower</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>&Verbar;Rec`ep*tac"u*lum</hw> <pr>(r&ebreve_;s`&ebreve_;p*t&abreve;k"&uuptack_;*l&ubreve;m)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu><it>pl.</it> <plw>Receptacula</plw> <pr>(r&ebreve_;s`&ebreve_;p*t&abreve;k"&uuptack_;*l&adot_;)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A receptacle; <as>as, the <ex>receptaculum</ex> of the chyle</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rec"ep*ta*ry</hw> <pr>(r&ebreve_;s"&ebreve_;p*t&auptack_;*r&ybreve_;)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Generally or popularly admitted or received.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Sir T. Browne.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rec"ep*ta*ry</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>That which is received.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> &ldquo;<xex>Receptaries</xex> of philosophy.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Sir T. Browne.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*cep`ti*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*s&ebreve_;p`t&ibreve_;*b&ibreve_;l"&ibreve_;*t&ybreve_;)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The quality or state of being receptible; receivableness.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>A receptible thing.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>  <rj><au>Glanvill.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*cep"ti*ble</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*s&ebreve_;p"t&ibreve_;*b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>receptibilis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Such as may be received; receivable.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*cep"tion</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*s&ebreve_;p"sh&ubreve;n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>r&eacute;ception</ets>, L. <ets>receptio</ets>, fr. <ets>recipere</ets>, <ets>receptum</ets>. See <er>Receive</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of receiving; receipt; admission; <as>as, the <ex>reception</ex> of food into the stomach; the <ex>reception</ex> of a letter; the <ex>reception</ex> of sensation or ideas; <ex>reception</ex> of evidence.</as></def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>The state of being received.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>The act or manner of receiving, especially of receiving visitors; entertainment; hence, an occasion or ceremony of receiving guests; <as>as, a hearty <ex>reception</ex>; an elaborate <ex>reception</ex>.</as></def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>What <qex>reception</qex> a poem may find.</q> <rj><qau>Goldsmith.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>4.</sn> <def>Acceptance, as of an opinion or doctrine.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Philosophers who have quitted the popular doctrines of their countries have fallen into as extravagant opinions as even common <qex>reception</qex> countenanced.</q> <rj><qau>Locke.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>5.</sn> <def>A retaking; a recovery.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Bacon.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*cep"tive</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*s&ebreve_;p"t&ibreve_;v)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r&eacute;ceptif</ets>. See <er>Receive</er>.]</ety> <def>Having the quality of receiving; able or inclined to take in, absorb, hold, or contain; receiving or containing; <as>as, a <ex>receptive</ex> mind</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Imaginary space is <qex>receptive</qex> of all bodies.</q> <rj><qau>Glanvill.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*cep"tive*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of being receptive.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rec`ep*tiv"i*ty</hw> <pr>(r&ebreve_;s`&ebreve_;p*t&ibreve_;v"&ibreve_;*t&ybreve_; <i>or</i> r&emacr;`s&ebreve_;p*t&ibreve_;v"&ibreve_;*t&ybreve_;)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r&eacute;ceptivit&eacute;</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The state or quality of being receptive.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Kantian Philos.)</fld> <def>The power or capacity of receiving impressions, as those of the external senses.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*cep"to*ry</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*s&ebreve_;p"t&ouptack_;*r&ybreve_;; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. L. <ets>receptorium</ets> a place of shelter.]</ety> <def>Receptacle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Holland.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*cess"</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*s&ebreve_;s")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>recessus</ets>, fr. <ets>recedere</ets>, <ets>recessum</ets>. See <er>Recede</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A withdrawing or retiring; a moving back; retreat; <as>as, the <ex>recess</ex> of the tides</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Every degree of ignorance being so far a <qex>recess</qex> and degradation from rationality.</q> <rj><qau>South.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>My <qex>recess</qex> hath given them confidence that I may be conquered.</q> <rj><qau>Eikon Basilike.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>The state of being withdrawn; seclusion; privacy.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>In the <qex>recess</qex> of the jury they are to consider the evidence.</q> <rj><qau>Sir M. Hale.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Good verse <qex>recess</qex> and solitude requires.</q> <rj><qau>Dryden.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>Remission or suspension of business or procedure; intermission, as of a legislative body, court, or school; <as>as, the children were allowed to play in the school yard during <ex>recess</ex></as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>The <qex>recess</qex> of . . . Parliament lasted six weeks.</q> <rj><qau>Macaulay.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>4.</sn> <def>Part of a room formed by the receding of the wall, as an alcove, niche, etc.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>A bed which stood in a deep <qex>recess</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>W. Irving.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>5.</sn> <def>A place of retirement, retreat, secrecy, or seclusion.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Departure from this happy place, our sweet<br/>
<qex>Recess</qex>, and only consolation left.</q> <rj><qau>Milton.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>6.</sn> <def>Secret or abstruse part; <as>as, the difficulties and <ex>recesses</ex> of science; the deepest <ex>recesses</ex> of the mind</as>.</def>  <rj><au>I. Watts.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source> <source>+PJC</source>]</p>

<p><sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Bot. &amp; Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>A sinus.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*cess"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Recessed</conjf>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Recessing</conjf>.]</vmorph> <def>To make a recess in; <as>as, to <ex>recess</ex> a wall</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*cess"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[G.]</ety> <def>A decree of the imperial diet of the old German empire.</def>  <rj><au>Brande &amp; C.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*cessed"</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*s&ebreve_;st")</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Having a recess or recesses; <as>as, a <ex>recessed</ex> arch or wall</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Withdrawn; secluded.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> &ldquo;Comfortably <xex>recessed</xex> from curious impertinents.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Miss Edgeworth.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Recessed arch</b></col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>one of a series of arches constructed one within another so as to correspond with splayed jambs of a doorway, or the like.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*ces"sion</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*s&ebreve_;sh"&ubreve;n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>recessio</ets>, fr. <ets>recedere</ets>, <ets>recessum</ets>. See <er>Recede</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of receding or withdrawing, as from a place, a claim, or a demand.</def>  <rj><au>South.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Mercy may rejoice upon the <qex>recessions</qex> of justice.</q> <rj><qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Economics)</fld> <def>A period during which economic activity, as measured by gross domestic product, declines for at least two quarters in a row in a specific country.  If the decline is severe and long, such as greater than ten percent, it may be termed a <contr>depression</contr>.</def><br/>
[<source>PJC</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>A procession in which people leave a ceremony, such as at a religious service.</def><br/>
[<source>PJC</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*ces"sion</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re-</ets> + <ets>cession</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of ceding back; restoration; repeated cession; <as>as, the <ex>recession</ex> of conquered territory to its former sovereign</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*ces"sion*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining to recession or withdrawal.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Recessional hymn</b></col>, <cd>a hymn sung in a procession returning from the choir to the robing room; a <er>recessional</er>.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>re*ces"sion*al</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*s&ebreve_;sh"&ubreve;n*&aitalic_;l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>a hymn or other piece of music sung or played while a church congregation is leaving a service, or a choir is returning to the cloak room; a <cref>recessional hymn</cref>.</def><br/>
[<source>PJC</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*ces"sive</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*s&ebreve_;s"s&ibreve_;v)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Going back; receding.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Genetics)</fld> <def>Not appearing in the phenotype unless both alleles of the organism have the same trait; -- of genetic characteristics, or of the genes coding for such characteristics, in diploid organisms.   Opposite of <ant>dominant</ant>; <as>hemophilia is a <ex>recessive</ex> trait</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>PJC</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*ces"sive</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*s&ebreve_;s"s&ibreve_;v)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Genetics)</fld> <def>A genetic trait determined by a recessive{2} allele; a trait not appearing in the phenotype unless both chromosomes of the organism have the same allele; also, an allele which is recessive{2}.</def><br/>
[<source>PJC</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re"chab*ite</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;"k&abreve;b*&imacr;t)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Jewish Hist.)</fld> <def>One of the descendants of Jonadab, the son of Rechab, all of whom by his injunction abstained from the use of intoxicating drinks and even from planting the vine. <xex>Jer</xex>. <xex>xxxv</xex>. 2-19. Also, in modern times, a member of a certain society of abstainers from alcoholic liquors.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*change"</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;*ch&amacr;nj")</pr>, <pos>v. t. &amp; i.</pos> <def>To change again, or change back.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*charge"</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;*ch&auml;rj")</pr>, <pos>v. t. &amp; i.</pos> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re-</ets> + <ets>charge</ets>: cf. F. <ets>recharger</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To charge or accuse in return.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To attack again; to attack anew.</def>  <rj><au>Dryden.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*char"ter</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;*ch&auml;r"t&etilde_;r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A second charter; a renewal of a charter.</def>  <rj><au>D. Webster.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*char"ter</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To charter again or anew; to grant a second or another charter to.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*chase"</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;*ch&amacr;s")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re-</ets> + <ets>chase</ets>: cf. F. <ets>rechasser</ets>.]</ety> <def>To chase again; to chase or drive back.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>&Verbar;R&eacute;`chauf`f&eacute;"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., orig. p.p. of <ets>r&eacute;chauffer</ets> 8warm over. See <er>Chafe</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <def>A dish of food that has been warmed again, hence, fig., something made up from old material; a rehash.</def><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><q>It is merely a <qex>r&eacute;chauff&eacute;</qex> of ancient philosophies.</q>  <rj><qau>F. W. H. Myers.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*cheat"</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*ch&emacr;t")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>requ&ecirc;t&eacute;</ets>, fr. <ets>requ&ecirc;ter</ets> to hunt anew. See <er>Request</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Sporting)</fld> <def>A strain given on the horn to call back the hounds when they have lost track of the game.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*cheat"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To blow the recheat.</def>  <rj><au>Drayton.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>&Verbar;Re*cher`ch&eacute;"</hw> <pr>(r&eitalic_;*sh&acirc;r`sh&auptack_;")</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>Sought out with care; choice.</def> <specif>Hence:</specif> <def>of rare quality, elegance, or attractiveness; peculiar and refined in kind.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rech"less</hw> <pr>(r&ebreve_;k"l&ebreve_;s)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Reckless.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>P. Plowman.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*choose"</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;*ch&oomacr_;z")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To choose again.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*cid"i*vate</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*s&ibreve_;d"&ibreve_;*v&amacr;t)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[LL. <ets>recidivare</ets>. See <er>Recidivous</er>.]</ety> <def>To backslide; to fall again.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*cid`i*va"tion</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*s&ibreve_;d"&ibreve_;*v&amacr;"sh&ubreve;n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL. <ets>recidivatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>A falling back; a backsliding.</def>  <rj><au>Hammond.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*cid"i*vism</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*s&ibreve_;d"&ibreve_;*v&ibreve_;z'm)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state or quality of being recidivous; relapse,</def> <specif>specif.</specif> <fld>(Criminology)</fld>, <def>a falling back or relapse into prior criminal habits, esp. after conviction and punishment.</def><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><q>The old English system of recognizances, in which the guilty party deposits a sum of money, is an excellent guarantee to society against <qex>recidivism</qex>.</q>  <rj><qau>Havelock Ellis.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*cid"i*vist</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*s&ibreve_;d"&ibreve_;*v&ibreve_;st)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who is recidivous or is characterized by recidivism; an incorrigible criminal.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Re*cid`i*vis"tic</wf> <pr>(r&euptack_;*s&ibreve_;d`&ibreve_;*v&ibreve_;s"t&ibreve_;k)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos></wordforms><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><q>The criminal by passion never becomes a <qex>recidivist</qex>, it is the social, not the antisocial, instincts that are strong within him, his crime is a solitary event in his life.</q>  <rj><qau>Havelock Ellis.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*cid"i*vous</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*s&ibreve_;d"&ibreve_;*v&ubreve;s)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>recidivus</ets>, fr. <ets>recidere</ets> to fall back.]</ety> <def>Tending or liable to backslide or relapse to a former condition or habit.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rec"i*pe</hw> <pr>(r&ebreve_;s"&ibreve_;*p&euptack_;)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu><it>pl.</it> <plw>Recipes</plw> <pr>(r&ebreve_;s"&ibreve_;*p&emacr;z)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L., imperative of <ets>recipere</ets> to take back, take in, receive. See <er>Receive</er>.]</ety> <def>A formulary or prescription for making some combination, mixture, or preparation of materials; a receipt.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>a prescription for medicine.</def> <mark>[archaic]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>a prescription for medicine.</def> <mark>[archaic]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>a set of directions for preparing food from its ingredients.</def><br/>
[<source>PJC</source>]</p>

<p><sn>4.</sn> <def>a method or procedure for accomplishing a goal by defined steps; -- implying a high probability of achieving the goal;  <as>as, a <ex>recipe</ex> for success</as>. Also used in a negative sense, <as>as, a <ex>recipe</ex> for disaster</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>PJC</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*cip"i*an`gle</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*s&ibreve_;p"&ibreve_;*&abreve;&nsmacr_;`g'l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>recipere</ets> to take + <ets>angulus</ets> angle.]</ety> <def>An instrument with two arms that are pivoted together at one end, and a graduated arc, -- used by military engineers for measuring and laying off angles of fortifications.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><mhw>{ <hw>Re*cip"i*ence</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*s&ibreve_;p"&ibreve_;*&eitalic_;ns)</pr>, <hw>Re*cip"i*en*cy</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*s&ibreve_;p"&ibreve_;*&eitalic_;n*s&ybreve_;)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state of being recipient; a receiving; reception; receptiveness.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*cip"i*ent</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*s&ibreve_;p"&ibreve_;*&eitalic_;nt)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>recipiens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, receiving, p. pr. of <ets>recipere</ets> to receive: cf. F. <ets>r&eacute;cipient</ets>. See <er>Receive</er>.]</ety> <def>A receiver; the person or thing that receives; one to whom, or that to which, anything is given or communicated; specifically, the receiver of a still.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*cip"i*ent</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Receiving; receptive.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*cip"ro*cal</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*s&ibreve_;p"r&ouptack_;*k&aitalic_;l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>reciprocus</ets>; of unknown origin.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Recurring in vicissitude; alternate.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Done by each to the other; interchanging or interchanged; given and received; due from each to each; mutual; <as>as, <ex>reciprocal</ex> love; <ex>reciprocal</ex> duties.</as></def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Let our <qex>reciprocal</qex> vows be remembered.</q> <rj><qau>Shak.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>Mutually interchangeable.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>These two rules will render a definition <qex>reciprocal</qex> with the thing defined.</q> <rj><qau>I. Watts.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Reflexive; -- applied to pronouns and verbs, but sometimes limited to such pronouns as express mutual action.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>Used to denote different kinds of mutual relation; often with reference to the substitution of reciprocals for given quantities. See the Phrases below.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Reciprocal equation</b></col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>one which remains unchanged in form when the reciprocal of the unknown quantity is substituted for that quantity.</cd> -- <col><b>Reciprocal figures</b></col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>two figures of the same kind (as triangles, parallelograms, prisms, etc.), so related that two sides of the one form the extremes of a proportion of which the means are the two corresponding sides of the other; in general, two figures so related that the first corresponds in some special way to the second, and the second corresponds in the same way to the first.</cd> -- <col><b>Reciprocal proportion</b></col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>a proportion such that, of four terms taken in order, the first has to the second the same ratio which the fourth has to the third, or the first has to the second the same ratio which the reciprocal of the third has to the reciprocal of the fourth. Thus, 2:5: :20:8 form a <xex>reciprocal proportion</xex>, because 2:5: :<frac>1/20</frac>:<frac>1/8</frac>.</cd> -- <col><b>Reciprocal quantities</b></col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>any two quantities which produce unity when multiplied together.</cd> -- <col><b>Reciprocal ratio</b></col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>the ratio between the reciprocals of two quantities; as, the <xex>reciprocal ratio</xex> of 4 to 9 is that of  <frac>1/4</frac> to <frac>1/9</frac>.</cd> -- <col><b>Reciprocal terms</b></col> <fld>(Logic)</fld>, <cd>those terms which have the same signification, and, consequently, are convertible, and may be used for each other.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><syn><b>Syn.</b> -- Mutual; alternate.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Reciprocal</er>, <er>Mutual</er>. The distinctive idea of <xex>mutual</xex> is, that the parties unite by interchange in the same act; <as>as, a <ex>mutual</ex> covenant; <ex>mutual</ex> affection, etc.</as>  The distinctive idea of <xex>reciprocal</xex> is, that one party acts by way of return or response to something previously done by the other party; <as>as, a <ex>reciprocal</ex> kindness; <ex>reciprocal</ex> reproaches, etc.</as>  Love is <xex>reciprocal</xex> when the previous affection of one party has drawn forth the attachment of the other. To make it <xex>mutual</xex> in the strictest sense, the two parties should have fallen in love at the same time; but as the result is the same, the two words are here used interchangeably. The ebbing and flowing of the tide is a case where the action is <xex>reciprocal</xex>, but not <xex>mutual</xex>.</usage><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*cip"ro*cal</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>That which is reciprocal to another thing.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Corruption is a <qex>reciprocal</qex> to generation.</q> <rj><qau>Bacon.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Arith. &amp; Alg.)</fld> <def>The quotient arising from dividing unity by any quantity; thus <frac>1/4</frac> is the <xex>reciprocal</xex> of 4; <fract>1/(a + b)</fract> is the <xex>reciprocal</xex> of <mathex>a + b</mathex>. The <xex>reciprocal</xex> of a fraction is the fraction inverted, or the denominator divided by the numerator.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*cip`ro*cal"i*ty</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*s&ibreve_;p`r&ouptack_;*k&abreve;l"&ibreve_;*t&ybreve_;)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or condition of being reciprocal; reciprocalness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*cip"ro*cal*ly</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*s&ibreve_;p"r&ouptack_;*k&aitalic_;l*l&ybreve_;)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>In a reciprocal manner; so that each affects the other, and is equally affected by it; interchangeably; mutually.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>These two particles do <qex>reciprocally</qex> affect each other with the same force.</q> <rj><qau>Bentley.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>In the manner of reciprocals.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Reciprocally proportional</b></col> <fld>(Arith. &amp; Alg.)</fld>, <cd>proportional, as two variable quantities, so that the one shall have a constant ratio to the reciprocal of the other.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*cip"ro*cal*ness</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*s&ibreve_;p"r&ouptack_;*k&aitalic_;l*n&ebreve_;s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or condition of being reciprocal; mutual return; alternateness.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*cip"ro*cate</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*s&ibreve_;p"r&ouptack_;*k&amacr;t)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Reciprocated</conjf> <pr>(r&euptack_;*s&ibreve_;p"r&ouptack_;*k&amacr;`t&ebreve_;d)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Reciprocating</conjf>.]</vmorph> <ety>[L. <ets>reciprocatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>reciprocare</ets>. See <er>Reciprocal</er>.]</ety> <def>To move forward and backward alternately; to recur in vicissitude; to act interchangeably; to alternate.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>One brawny smith the puffing bellows plies,<br/>
And draws and blows <qex>reciprocating</qex> air.</q> <rj><qau>Dryden.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Reciprocating engine</b></col>, <cd>a steam, air, or gas engine, etc., in which the piston moves back and forth; -- in distinction from a <xex>rotary engine</xex>, in which the piston travels continuously in one direction in a circular path.</cd> -- <col><b>Reciprocating motion</b></col> <fld>(Mech.)</fld>, <cd>motion alternately backward and forward, or up and down, as of a piston rod.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*cip"ro*cate</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To give and return mutually; to make return for; to give in return; to interchange; to alternate; <as>as, to <ex>reciprocate</ex> favors</as>.</def>  <rj><au>Cowper.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*cip`ro*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*s&ibreve_;p"r&ouptack_;*k&amacr;"sh&ubreve;n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>reciprocatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>r&eacute;ciprocation</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of reciprocating; interchange of acts; a mutual giving and returning; <as>as, the <ex>reciprocation</ex> of kindness</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Alternate recurrence or action; <as>as, the <ex>reciprocation</ex> of the sea in the flow and ebb of tides</as>.</def>  <rj><au>Sir T. Browne.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rec`i*proc"i*ty</hw> <pr>(r&ebreve_;s`&ibreve_;*pr&obreve_;s"&ibreve_;*t&ybreve_;)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r&eacute;ciprocit&eacute;</ets>. See <er>Reciprocal</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Mutual action and reaction.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Reciprocal advantages, obligations, or rights; reciprocation.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><mcol><col><b>Reciprocity treaty</b></col>, <i>or</i> <col><b>Treaty of reciprocity</b></col></mcol>, <cd>a treaty concluded between two countries, conferring equal privileges as regards customs or charges on imports, or in other respects.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><syn><b>Syn.</b> -- Reciprocation; interchange; mutuality.</syn><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*cip`ro*cor"nous</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*s&ibreve_;p`r&ouptack_;*k&ocirc;r"n&ubreve;s)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>reciprocus</ets> returning, reciprocal + <ets>cornu</ets> horn.]</ety> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>Having horns turning backward and then forward, like those of a ram.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>  <rj><au>Ash.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*cip"ro*cous</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*s&ibreve_;p"r&ouptack_;*k&ubreve;s)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Reciprocal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rec"i*prok</hw> <pr>(r&ebreve_;s"&ibreve_;*pr&obreve_;k)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>r&eacute;ciproque</ets>, L. <ets>reciprocus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Reciprocal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>B. Jonson.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rec"i*proque</hw> <pr>(r&ebreve_;s"&ibreve_;*pr&omacr;k)</pr>, <pos>a. &amp; n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>r&eacute;ciproque</ets>.]</ety> <def>Reciprocal.</def>  <rj><au>Bacon.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*ci"sion</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*s&ibreve_;zh"&ubreve;n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>recisio</ets>, fr. <ets>recidere</ets>, <ets>recisum</ets>, to cut off; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>caedere</ets> to cut.]</ety> <def>The act of cutting off.</def>  <rj><au>Sherwood.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*cit"al</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*s&imacr;t"&aitalic_;l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From <er>Recite</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of reciting; the repetition of the words of another, or of a document; rehearsal; <as>as, the <ex>recital</ex> of testimony</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>A telling in detail and due order of the particulars of anything, as of a law, an adventure, or a series of events; narration.</def>  <rj><au>Addison.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>That which is recited; a story; a narration.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A vocal or instrumental performance by one person; -- distinguished from <xex>concert</xex>; <as>as, a song <ex>recital</ex>; an organ, piano, or violin <ex>recital</ex>.</as></def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The formal statement, or setting forth, of some matter of fact in any deed or writing in order to explain the reasons on which the transaction is founded; the statement of matter in pleading introductory to some positive allegation.</def>  <rj><au>Burn.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><syn><b>Syn.</b> -- Account; rehearsal; recitation; narration; description; explanation; enumeration; detail; narrative. See <er>Account</er>.</syn><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rec`i*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(r&ebreve_;s`&ibreve_;*t&amacr;"sh&ubreve;n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>recitatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>r&eacute;citation</ets>. See <er>Recite</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of reciting; rehearsal; repetition of words or sentences.</def>  <rj><au>Hammond.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>The delivery before an audience of something committed to memory, especially as an elocutionary exhibition; also, that which is so delivered.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Colleges and Schools)</fld> <def>The rehearsal of a lesson by pupils before their instructor.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rec`i*ta*tive"</hw> <pr>(r&ebreve_;s`&ibreve_;*t&adot_;*t&emacr;v")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It. <ets>recitativo</ets>, or F. <ets>r&eacute;citatif</ets>. See <er>Recite</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A species of musical recitation in which the words are delivered in a manner resembling that of ordinary declamation; also, a piece of music intended for such recitation; -- opposed to <contr>melisma</contr>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rec`i*ta*tive"</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining to recitation; intended for musical recitation or declamation; in the style or manner of recitative.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Rec`i*ta*tive"ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>&Verbar;Rec`i*ta*ti"vo</hw> <pr>(r&ebreve_;s`&ibreve_;*t&adot_;*t&emacr;"v&ouptack_;)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Recitative.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*cite"</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*s&imacr;t")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Recited</conjf>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Reciting</conjf>.]</vmorph> <ety>[F. <ets>r&eacute;citer</ets>, fr. L. <ets>recitare</ets>, <ets>recitatum</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>citare</ets> to call or name, to cite. See <er>Cite</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To repeat, as something already prepared, written down, committed to memory, or the like; to deliver from a written or printed document, or from recollection; to rehearse; <as>as, to <ex>recite</ex> the words of an author, or of a deed or covenant</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To tell over; to go over in particulars; to relate; to narrate; <as>as, to <ex>recite</ex> past events; to <ex>recite</ex> the particulars of a voyage.</as></def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>To rehearse, as a lesson to an instructor.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To state in or as a recital. See <er>Recital</er>, 5.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><syn><b>Syn.</b> -- To rehearse; narrate; relate; recount; describe; recapitulate; detail; number; count.</syn><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*cite"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To repeat, pronounce, or rehearse, as before an audience, something prepared or committed to memory; to rehearse a lesson learned.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*cite"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A recital.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Sir W. Temple.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*cit"er</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*s&imacr;t"&etilde_;r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who recites; also, a book of extracts for recitation.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Reck</hw> <pr>(r&ebreve_;k)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Recked</conjf> <pr>(r&ebreve_;kt)</pr> (<ets>obs. imp.</ets> <conjf>Roughte</conjf>); <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Recking</conjf>.]</vmorph> <ety>[AS. <ets>reccan</ets>, <ets>r&emacr;can</ets>, to care for; akin to OS. <ets>r&omacr;kian</ets>, OHG. <ets>ruochan</ets>, G. <ets>geruhen</ets>, Icel. <ets>r&aelig;kja</ets>, also to E. <ets>reckon</ets>, <ets>rake</ets> an implement. See <er>Rake</er>, and cf. <er>Reckon</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make account of; to care for; to heed; to regard.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>This son of mine not <qex>recking</qex> danger.</q> <rj><qau>Sir P. Sidney.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><q>And may you better <qex>reck</qex> the rede<br/>
Than ever did the adviser.</q> <rj><qau>Burns.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To concern; -- used impersonally.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark><br/>
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<p><q>What <qex>recks</qex> it them?</q> <rj><qau>Milton.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><!-- p. 1199 pr=vmg --></p>

<p><hw>Reck</hw> <pr>(r&ebreve_;k)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To make account; to take heed; to care; to mind; -- often followed by <xex>of</xex>.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Then <qex>reck</qex> I not, when I have lost my life.</q> <rj><qau>Chaucer.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>I <qex>reck</qex> not though I end my life to-day.</q> <rj><qau>Shak.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Of me she <qex>recks</qex> not, nor my vain desire.</q> <rj><qau>M. Arnold.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Reck"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>reccele&aacute;s</ets>, <ets>r&emacr;cele&aacute;s</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Inattentive to duty; careless; neglectful; indifferent.</def>  <rj><au>Chaucer.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Rashly negligent; utterly careless or heedless.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>It made the king as <qex>reckless</qex> as them diligent.</q> <rj><qau>Sir P. Sidney.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><syn><b>Syn.</b> -- Heedless; careless; mindless; thoughtless; negligent; indifferent; regardless; unconcerned; inattentive; remiss; rash.</syn><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p>-- <wordforms><wf>Reck"less*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> -- <wf>Reck"less*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Reck"ling</hw> <pr>(r&ebreve_;k"l&ibreve_;ng)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Needing care; weak; feeble; <as>as, a <ex>reckling</ex> child</as>.</def> <au>H. Taylor.</au> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>A weak child or animal.</def></def2>  <rj><au>Tennyson.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Reck"on</hw> <pr>(r&ebreve_;k"'n)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Reckoned</conjf> <pr>(r&ebreve_;k"'nd)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Reckoning</conjf>.]</vmorph> <ety>[OE. <ets>rekenen</ets>, AS. <ets>gerecenian</ets> to explain; akin to D. <ets>rekenen</ets> to reckon, G. <ets>rechnen</ets>, OHG. <ets>rehhan&omacr;n</ets> (cf. Goth. <ets>rahnjan</ets>), and to E. <ets>reck</ets>, <ets>rake</ets> an implement; the original sense probably being, to bring together, count together. See <er>Reck</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>1.</sn> <def>To count; to enumerate; to number; also, to compute; to calculate.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>The priest shall <qex>reckon</qex> to him the money according to the years that remain.</q> <rj><qau>Lev. xxvii. 18.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>I <qex>reckoned</qex> above two hundred and fifty on the outside of the church.</q> <rj><qau>Addison.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To count as in a number, rank, or series; to estimate by rank or quality; to place by estimation; to account; to esteem; to repute.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>He was <qex>reckoned</qex> among the transgressors.</q> <rj><qau>Luke xxii. 37.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>For him I <qex>reckon</qex> not in high estate.</q> <rj><qau>Milton.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>To charge, attribute, or adjudge to one, as having a certain quality or value.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Faith was <qex>reckoned</qex> to Abraham for righteousness.</q> <rj><qau>Rom. iv. 9.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Without her eccentricities being <qex>reckoned</qex> to her for a crime.</q> <rj><qau>Hawthorne.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>4.</sn> <def>To conclude, as by an enumeration and balancing of chances; hence, to think; to suppose; -- followed by an objective clause; <as>as, I <ex>reckon</ex> he won't try that again</as>.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng. &amp; Colloq. U. S.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><syn><b>Syn.</b> -- To number; enumerate; compute; calculate; estimate; value; esteem; account; repute. See <er>Calculate</er>, <er>Guess</er>.</syn><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Reck"on</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make an enumeration or computation; to engage in numbering or computing.</def>  <rj><au>Shak.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To come to an accounting; to make up accounts; to settle; to examine and strike the balance of debt and credit; to adjust relations of desert or penalty.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>&ldquo;Parfay,&rdquo; sayst thou, &ldquo;sometime he <qex>reckon</qex> shall.&rdquo;</q>  <rj><au>Chaucer.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>To reckon for</b></col>, <cd>to answer for; to pay the account for.</cd> &ldquo;If they fail in their bounden duty, they shall <xex>reckon for</xex> it one day.&rdquo; <au>Bp. Sanderson.</au> -- <mcol><col><b>To reckon on</b></col> <col><b>To reckon upon</b></col></mcol>, <cd>to count or depend on; to include as a factor within one's considerations.</cd> -- <col><b>To reckon with</b></col>, <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>to settle accounts or claims with; -- used literally or figuratively.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>to include as a factor in one's plans or calculations; to anticipate.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>to deal with; to handle; <as>as, I have to <ex>reckon with</ex> raising three children as well as doing my job</as>.</cd> <br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source> <source>+PJC</source>]<pbr/>
<q>After a long time the lord of those servants cometh, and <qex>reckoneth with</qex> them.</q> <rj><qau>Matt. xxv. 19.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]<pbr/>
-- <col><b>To reckon without one's host</b></col>, <cd>to ignore in a calculation or arrangement the person whose assent is essential; hence, to reckon erroneously.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Reck"on*er</hw> <pr>(r&ebreve_;k"'n*&etilde_;r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who reckons or computes; also, a book of calculations, tables, etc., to assist in reckoning.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q><qex>Reckoners</qex> without their host must reckon twice.</q> <rj><qau>Camden.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Reck"on*ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of one who reckons, counts, or computes; the result of reckoning or counting; calculation.</def> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An account of time.</def> <au>Sandys.</au> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Adjustment of claims and accounts; settlement of obligations, liabilities, etc.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Even <qex>reckoning</qex> makes lasting friends, and the way to make <qex>reckonings</qex> even is to make them often.</q> <rj><qau>South.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>He quitted London, never to return till the day of a terrible and memorable <qex>reckoning</qex> had arrived.</q> <rj><qau>Macaulay.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>The charge or account made by a host at an inn.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>A coin would have a nobler use than to pay a <qex>reckoning</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Addison.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>Esteem; account; estimation.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>You make no further <qex>reckoning</qex> of it [beauty] than of an outward fading benefit nature bestowed.</q> <rj><qau>Sir P. Sidney.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Navigation)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The calculation of a ship's position, either from astronomical observations, or from the record of the courses steered and distances sailed as shown by compass and log, -- in the latter case called <stype>dead reckoning</stype> (see under <er>Dead</er>); -- also used for <xex>dead reckoning</xex> in contradistinction to <contr>observation</contr>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The position of a ship as determined by calculation.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>To be out of her reckoning</b></col>, <cd>to be at a distance from the place indicated by the reckoning; -- said of a ship.</cd> -- <col><b>day of reckoning</b></col> <cd>the day or time when one must pay one's debts, fulfill one's obligations, or be punished for one's transgressions.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source> <source>+PJC</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*claim"</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;*kl&amacr;m")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To claim back; to demand the return of as a right; to attempt to recover possession of.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>A tract of land [Holland] snatched from an element perpetually <qex>reclaiming</qex> its prior occupancy.</q> <rj><qau>W. Coxe.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*claim"</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*kl&amacr;m")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Reclaimed</conjf> <pr>(r&euptack_;*kl&amacr;md")</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Reclaiming</conjf>.]</vmorph> <ety>[F. <ets>r&eacute;clamer</ets>, L. <ets>reclamare</ets>, <ets>reclamatum</ets>, to cry out against; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>clamare</ets> to call or cry aloud. See <er>Claim</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To call back, as a hawk to the wrist in falconry, by a certain customary call.</def>  <rj><au>Chaucer.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To call back from flight or disorderly action; to call to, for the purpose of subduing or quieting.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>The headstrong horses hurried Octavius . . . along, and were deaf to his <qex>reclaiming</qex> them.</q> <rj><qau>Dryden.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>To reduce from a wild to a tamed state; to bring under discipline; -- said especially of birds trained for the chase, but also of other animals.</def> &ldquo;An eagle well <xex>reclaimed</xex>.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Dryden.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>4.</sn> <def>Hence: To reduce to a desired state by discipline, labor, cultivation, or the like; to rescue from being wild, desert, waste, submerged, or the like; <as>as, to <ex>reclaim</ex> wild land, overflowed land, etc.</as></def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>5.</sn> <def>To call back to rectitude from moral wandering or transgression; to draw back to correct deportment or course of life; to reform.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>It is the intention of Providence, in all the various expressions of his goodness, to <qex>reclaim</qex> mankind.</q> <rj><qau>Rogers.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>6.</sn> <def>To correct; to reform; -- said of things.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Your error, in time <qex>reclaimed</qex>, will be venial.</q> <rj><qau>Sir E. Hoby.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>7.</sn> <def>To exclaim against; to gainsay.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Fuller.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><syn><b>Syn.</b> -- To reform; recover; restore; amend; correct.</syn><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*claim"</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*kl&amacr;m")</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To cry out in opposition or contradiction; to exclaim against anything; to contradict; to take exceptions.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Scripture <qex>reclaims</qex>, and the whole Catholic church <qex>reclaims</qex>, and Christian ears would not hear it.</q> <rj><qau>Waterland.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>At a later period Grote <qex>reclaimed</qex> strongly against Mill's setting Whately above Hamilton.</q> <rj><qau>Bain.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To bring anyone back from evil courses; to reform.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>They, hardened more by what might most <qex>reclaim</qex>,<br/>
Grieving to see his glory, . . . took envy.</q> <rj><qau>Milton.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>To draw back; to give way.</def> <mark>[R. &amp; Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Spenser.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*claim"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of reclaiming, or the state of being reclaimed; reclamation; recovery.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*claim"a*ble</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*kl&amacr;m"&adot_;*b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>That may be reclaimed.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*claim"ant</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*kl&amacr;m"&aitalic_;nt)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r&eacute;clamant</ets>, p. pr.]</ety> <def>One who reclaims; one who cries out against or contradicts.</def> <rj><au>Waterland.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*claim"er</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*kl&amacr;m"&etilde_;r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who reclaims.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*claim"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>That can not be reclaimed.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rec`la*ma"tion</hw> <pr>(r&ebreve_;k`l&adot_;*m&amacr;"sh&ubreve;n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>r&eacute;clamation</ets>, L. <ets>reclamatio</ets>. See <er>Reclaim</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act or process of reclaiming.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Representation made in opposition; remonstrance.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>I would now, on the <qex>reclamation</qex> both of generosity and of justice, try clemency.</q> <rj><qau>Landor.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*clasp"</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;*kl&adot_;sp")</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To clasp or unite again.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*clin"ant</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*kl&imacr;n"&aitalic_;nt)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>reclinans</ets>, p. pr. See <er>Recline</er>.]</ety> <def>Bending or leaning backward.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rec"li*nate</hw> <pr>(r&ebreve_;k"l&ibreve_;*n&auptack_;t)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>reclinatus</ets>, p. p.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Reclined, as a leaf; bent downward, so that the point, as of a stem or leaf, is lower than the base.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rec`li*na"tion</hw> <pr>(r&ebreve_;k`l&ibreve_;*n&amacr;"sh&ubreve;n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r&eacute;clinaison</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of leaning or reclining, or the state of being reclined.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Dialing)</fld> <def>The angle which the plane of the dial makes with a vertical plane which it intersects in a horizontal line.</def>  <rj><au>Brande &amp; C.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>The act or process of removing a cataract, by applying the needle to its anterior surface, and depressing it into the vitreous humor in such a way that the front surface of the cataract becomes the upper one and its back surface the lower one.</def>  <rj><au>Dunglison.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*cline"</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*kl&imacr;n")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Reclined</conjf> <pr>(r&euptack_;*kl&imacr;nd")</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Reclining</conjf>.]</vmorph> <ety>[L. <ets>reclinare</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>clinare</ets> to lean, incline. See <er>Incline</er>, <er>Lean</er> to incline.]</ety> <def>To cause or permit to lean, incline, rest, etc.; to place in a recumbent position; <as>as, to <ex>recline</ex> the head on the hand</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>The mother<br/>
<qex>Reclined</qex> her dying head upon his breast.</q> <rj><qau>Dryden.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*cline"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To lean or incline; <as>as, to <ex>recline</ex> against a wall</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To assume, or to be in, a recumbent position; <as>as, to <ex>recline</ex> on a couch</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*cline"</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>reclinis</ets>. See <er>Recline</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <def>Having a reclining posture; leaning; reclining.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>They sat, <qex>recline</qex><br/>
On the soft downy bank, damasked with flowers.</q> <rj><qau>Milton.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*clined"</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*kl&imacr;nd")</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Falling or turned downward; reclinate.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*clin"er</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*kl&imacr;n"&etilde_;r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who, or that which, reclines.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <specif>Specifically:</specif> <def>An armchair with a back that can be adjusted to lean backward, and a footrest that can be moved up to support the legs, or folded under the chair when the person is sitting up; the back and footrest are often geared so that they move together, allowing the chair to be conveniently adjusted either for sitting up or for lying back; also called a <altname>reclining chair</altname>.</def><br/>
[<source>PJC</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*clin"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Bending or curving gradually back from the perpendicular.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Recumbent.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Reclining dial</b></col>, <cd>a dial whose plane is inclined to the vertical line through its center. <au>Davies &amp; Peck</au> <fld>(Math. Dict.)</fld>.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*close"</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;*kl&omacr;z")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To close again.</def>  <rj><au>Pope.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*clothe"</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;*kl&omacr;th")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To clothe again.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*clude"</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*kl&umacr;d")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>recludere</ets> to unclose, open; pref. <ets>re-</ets> again, back, un- + <ets>claudere</ets> to shut.]</ety> <def>To open; to unclose.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>  <rj><au>Harvey.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*cluse"</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*kl&umacr;s")</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>reclus</ets>, L. <ets>reclusus</ets>, from <ets>recludere</ets>, <ets>reclusum</ets>, to unclose, open, in LL., to shut up. See <er>Close</er>.]</ety> <def>Shut up, sequestered; retired from the world or from public notice; solitary; living apart; <as>as, a <ex>recluse</ex> monk or hermit; a <ex>recluse</ex> life</as></def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>In meditation deep, <qex>recluse</qex><br/>
From human converse.</q> <rj><qau>J. Philips.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*cluse"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>reclus</ets>, LL. <ets>reclusus</ets>. See <er>Recluse</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A person who lives in seclusion from intercourse with the world, as a hermit or monk; specifically, one of a class of secluded devotees who live in single cells, usually attached to monasteries.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>The place where a recluse dwells.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Foxe.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*cluse"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To shut up; to seclude.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*cluse"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a recluse or solitary manner.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*cluse"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Quality or state of being recluse.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*clu"sion</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*kl&umacr;"zh&ubreve;n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL. <ets>reclusio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>reclusion</ets>.]</ety> <def>A state of retirement from the world; seclusion.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*clu"sive</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*kl&umacr;"s&ibreve_;v)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Affording retirement from society.</def> &ldquo;Some <xex>reclusive</xex> and religious life.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Shak.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Disposed to avoid the company of other people; living like a recluse{1}; not sociable; -- of people.</def><br/>
[<source>PJC</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*clu"so*ry</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*kl&umacr;"s&ouptack_;*r&ybreve_;)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL. <ets>reclusorium</ets>.]</ety> <def>The habitation of a recluse; a hermitage.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*coct"</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*k&obreve_;kt")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>recoctus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>recoquere</ets> to cook or boil over again. See <er>Re-</er>, and 4th <er>Cook</er>.]</ety> <def>To boil or cook again; hence, to make over; to vamp up; to reconstruct.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Jer. Taylor.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*coc"tion</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*k&obreve_;k"sh&ubreve;n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A second coction or preparation; a vamping up.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rec`og*ni"tion</hw> <pr>(r&ebreve_;k`&obreve_;g*n&ibreve_;sh"&ubreve;n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>recognitio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>recognition</ets>. See <er>Recognizance</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of recognizing, or the state of being recognized; acknowledgment; formal avowal; knowledge confessed or avowed; notice.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>The lives of such saints had, at the time of their yearly memorials, solemn <qex>recognition</qex> in the church of God.</q> <rj><qau>Hooker.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*cog"ni*tor</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*k&obreve_;g"n&ibreve_;*t&etilde_;r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One of a jury impaneled on an assize.</def>  <rj><au>Blackstone.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*cog"ni*to*ry</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*k&obreve_;g"n&ibreve_;*t&ouptack_;*r&ybreve_;)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining to, or connected with, recognition.</def>  <rj><au>Lamb.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rec`og*ni`za*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(r&ebreve_;k`&obreve_;g*n&imacr;`z&adot_;*b&ibreve_;l"&ibreve_;*t&ybreve_;)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or condition of being recognizable.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rec"og*ni`za*ble</hw> <pr>(r&ebreve_;k"&obreve_;g*n&imacr;`z&adot_;*b'l <i>or</i> r&euptack_;*k&obreve_;g"n&ibreve_;*z&adot_;*b'l; 277)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable of being recognized.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>recognisable</asp>.]</altsp> -- <wordforms><wf>Rec"og*ni`za*bly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*cog"ni*zance</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*k&obreve_;g"n&ibreve_;*z&aitalic_;ns <i>or</i> r&euptack_;*k&obreve_;n"&ibreve_;-)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>reconnaissance</ets>, OF. <ets>recognoissance</ets>, fr. <ets>recognoissant</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>recognoistre</ets> to recognize, F. <ets>reconna&icirc;tre</ets>, fr. L. <ets>recognoscere</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>cognoscere</ets> to know. See <er>Cognizance</er>, <er>Know</er>, and cf. <er>Recognize</er>, <er>Reconnoissance</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>recognisance</asp>.]</altsp>  <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An obligation of record entered into before some court of record or magistrate duly authorized, with condition to do some particular act, as to appear at the same or some other court, to keep the peace, or pay a debt. A <ex>recognizance</ex> differs from a <xex>bond</xex>, being witnessed by the record only, and not by the party's seal.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The verdict of a jury impaneled upon assize.</def>  <rj><au>Cowell.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><note>&hand_; Among lawyers the <xex>g</xex> in this and the related words (except <xex>recognize</xex>) is usually silent.</note><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>A token; a symbol; a pledge; a badge.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>That <qex>recognizance</qex> and pledge of love<br/>
Which I first gave her.</q> <rj><qau>Shak.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>Acknowledgment of a person or thing; avowal; profession; recognition.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*cog`ni*za"tion</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*k&obreve_;g"n&ibreve_;*z&amacr;"sh&ubreve;n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Recognition.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rec"og*nize</hw> <pr>(r&ebreve_;k"&obreve_;g*n&imacr;z)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Recognized</conjf> <pr>(r&ebreve_;k"&obreve_;g*n&imacr;zd)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Recognizing</conjf> <pr>(r&ebreve_;k"&obreve_;g*n&imacr;`z&ibreve_;ng)</pr>.]</vmorph> <ety>[From <er>Recognizance</er>; see <er>Cognition</er>, and cf. <er>Reconnoiter</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>recognise</asp>.]</altsp>  <sn>1.</sn> <def>To know again; to perceive the identity of, with a person or thing previously known; to recover or recall knowledge of.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Speak, vassal; <qex>recognize</qex> thy sovereign queen.</q> <rj><qau>Harte.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To avow knowledge of; to allow that one knows; to consent to admit, hold, or the like; to admit with a formal acknowledgment; <as>as, to <ex>recognize</ex> an obligation; to <ex>recognize</ex> a consul.</as></def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>To acknowledge acquaintance with, as by salutation, bowing, or the like.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>4.</sn> <def>To show appreciation of; <as>as, to <ex>recognize</ex> services by a testimonial</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>5.</sn> <def>To review; to re&euml;xamine.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>South.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>6.</sn> <def>To reconnoiter.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>R. Monro.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><syn><b>Syn.</b> -- To acknowledge; avow; confess; own; allow; concede. See <er>Acknowledge</er>.</syn><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rec"og*nize</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To enter an obligation of record before a proper tribunal; <as>as, A B <ex>recognized</ex> in the sum of twenty dollars</as>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>recognise</asp>.]</altsp><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><note>&hand_; In legal usage in the United States the second syllable is often accented.</note><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*cog`ni*zee"</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*k&obreve_;g`n&ibreve_;*z&emacr;" <i>or</i> r&euptack_;*k&obreve_;n`&ibreve_;*z&emacr;")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The person in whose favor a recognizance is made.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>recognisee</asp>.]</altsp>  <rj><au>Blackstone.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rec"og*ni`zer</hw> <pr>(r&ebreve_;k"&obreve_;g*n&imacr;`z&etilde_;r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who recognizes; a recognizor.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>recogniser</asp>.]</altsp><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*cog`ni*zor"</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*k&obreve_;g`n&ibreve_;*z&ocirc;r" <i>or</i> r&euptack_;*k&obreve_;n`&ibreve_;*z&ocirc;r")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One who enters into a recognizance.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>recognisor</asp>.]</altsp>  <rj><au>Blackstone.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rec"og*nosce</hw> <pr>(r&ebreve_;k"&obreve_;g*n&obreve_;s)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>recognoscere</ets>. See <er>Recognizance</er>.]</ety> <def>To recognize.</def> <mark>[R. &amp; Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Boyle.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*coil"</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*koil")</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Recoiled</conjf> <pr>(r&euptack_;*koild")</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Recoiling</conjf>.]</vmorph> <ety>[OE. <ets>recoilen</ets>, F. <ets>reculer</ets>, fr. L. pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>culus</ets> the fundament. The English word was perhaps influenced in form by <ets>accoil</ets>.]</ety><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>1.</sn> <def>To start, roll, bound, spring, or fall back; to take a reverse motion; to be driven or forced backward; to return.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Evil on itself shall back <qex>recoil</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Milton.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>The solemnity of her demeanor made it impossible . . . that we should <qex>recoil</qex> into our ordinary spirits.</q> <rj><qau>De Quincey.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To draw back, as from anything repugnant, distressing, alarming, or the like; to shrink.</def>  <rj><au>Shak.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>To turn or go back; to withdraw one's self; to retire.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> &ldquo;To your bowers <xex>recoil</xex>.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Spenser.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*coil"</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*koil")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To draw or go back.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Spenser.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*coil"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A starting or falling back; a rebound; a shrinking; <as>as, the <ex>recoil</ex> of nature, or of the blood</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>The state or condition of having recoiled.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>The <qex>recoil</qex> from formalism is skepticism.</q> <rj><qau>F. W. Robertson.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>Specifically, the reaction or rebounding of a firearm when discharged.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Recoil dynamometer</b></col> <fld>(Gunnery)</fld>, <cd>an instrument for measuring the force of the recoil of a firearm.</cd> -- <col><b>Recoil escapement</b></col>. <cd>See the Note under <er>Escapement</er>.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*coil"er</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*koil"&etilde_;r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or that which, recoils.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*coil"ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In the manner of a recoil.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*coil"ment</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>reculement</ets>.]</ety> <def>Recoil.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*coin"</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;*koin")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To coin anew or again.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*coin"age</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;*koin"&auptack_;j)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of coining anew.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is coined anew.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`-col*lect"</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;`k&obreve_;l*l&ebreve_;kt")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re-</ets> + <ets>collect</ets>.]</ety> <def>To collect again; to gather what has been scattered; <as>as, to <ex>re-collect</ex> routed troops</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>God will one day raise the dead, <qex>re-collecting</qex> our scattered dust.</q> <rj><qau>Barrow.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rec`ol*lect"</hw> <pr>(r&ebreve_;k`&obreve_;l*l&ebreve_;kt")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Recollected</conjf>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Recollecting</conjf>.]</vmorph> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re-</ets> + <ets>collect</ets>: cf. L. <ets>recolligere</ets>, <ets>recollectum</ets>, to collect.  Cf. <er>Recollet</er>.]</ety><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>1.</sn> <def>To recover or recall the knowledge of; to bring back to the mind or memory; to remember.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Reflexively, to compose one's self; to recover self-command; <as>as, to <ex>recollect</ex> one's self after a burst of anger</as>; -- sometimes, formerly, in the perfect participle.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>The Tyrian queen . . . <br/>
Admired his fortunes, more admired the man;<br/>
Then <qex>recollected</qex> stood.</q> <rj><qau>Dryden.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rec"ol*lect</hw> <pr>(r&ebreve_;k"&obreve_;l*l&ebreve_;kt)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Recollet</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>A friar of the Strict Observance, -- an order of Franciscans.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Recollet</asp>.]</altsp>  <rj><au>Addis &amp; Arnold.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><!-- p. 1200 --></p>

<p><hw>Rec`ol*lec"tion</hw> <pr>(r?k`?l*l?k"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r&eacute;collection</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of recollecting, or recalling to the memory; the operation by which objects are recalled to the memory, or ideas revived in the mind; reminiscence; remembrance.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>The power of recalling ideas to the mind, or the period within which things can be recollected; remembrance; memory; <as>as, an event within my <ex>recollection</ex></as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>That which is recollected; something called to mind; reminiscence.</def>  &ldquo;One of his earliest <xex>recollections</xex>.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Macaulay.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>4.</sn> <def>The act or practice of collecting or concentrating the mind; concentration; self-control.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>From such an education Charles contracted habits of gravity and <qex>recollection</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Robertson.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><syn><b>Syn.</b> -- Reminiscence; remembrance. See <er>Memory</er>.</syn><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rec`ol*lect"ive</hw> <pr>(-l?k"t?v)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having the power of recollecting.</def>  <rj><au>J. Foster.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rec"ol*let</hw> <pr>(r?k"?l*l?t; F. r?`k?`l?")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>r&eacute;collet</ets>, fr. L.  <ets>recollectus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>recolligere</ets> to gather again, to gather up; NL., to collect one's self, esp. for religious contemplation.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Recollect</er>, <pos>n.</pos></def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*col`o*ni*za"tion</hw> <pr>(r?*k?l`?*n?*z?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A second or renewed colonization.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*col"o*nize</hw> <pr>(r?*k?l"?*n?z)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To colonize again.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*com`bi*na"tion</hw> <pr>(r?*k?m`b?*n?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Combination a second or additional time.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`com*bine"</hw> <pr>(r?`k?m*b?n")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To combine again.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*com"fort</hw> <pr>(r?*k?m"f?rt)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re-</ets> + <ets>comfort</ets>: cf. F. <ets>r&eacute;conforter</ets>.]</ety> <def>To comfort again; to console anew; to give new strength to.</def>  <rj><au>Bacon.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Gan her <qex>recomfort</qex> from so sad affright.</q> <rj><qau>Spenser.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*com"fort*less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Without comfort.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*com"for*ture</hw> <pr>(-f?r*t?r;135)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of recomforting; restoration of comfort.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Shak.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`com*mence"</hw> <pr>(r?`k?m*m?ns")</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To commence or begin again.</def>  <rj><au>Howell.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To begin anew to be; to act again as.</def> <mark>[Archaic.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>He seems desirous enough of <qex>recommencing</qex> courtier.</q> <rj><qau>Johnson.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`com*mence"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re-</ets> + <ets>commence</ets>: cf. F. <ets>recommencer</ets>.]</ety> <def>To commence again or anew.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`com*mence"ment</hw> <pr>(-m&eitalic_;nt)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A commencement made anew.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rec`om*mend"</hw> <pr>(r?k`?m*m?nd")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Recommended</conjf>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Recommending</conjf>.]</vmorph> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re-</ets> + <ets>commend</ets>: cf. F. <ets>recommander</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To commend to the favorable notice of another; to commit to another's care, confidence, or acceptance, with favoring representations; to put in a favorable light before any one; to bestow commendation on; <as>as, he <ex>recommended</ex> resting the mind and exercising the body</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>M&aelig;cenas <qex>recommended</qex> Virgil and Horace to Augustus, whose praises . . . have made him precious to posterity.</q> <rj><qau>Dryden.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To make acceptable; to attract favor to.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>A decent boldness ever meets with friends,<br/>
Succeeds, and e'en a stranger <qex>recommends</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Pope.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>To commit; to give in charge; to commend.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Paul chose Silas and departed, being <qex>recommended</qex> by the brethren unto the grace of God.</q> <rj><qau>Acts xv. 40.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rec`om*mend"a*ble</hw> <pr>(-?*b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>recommandable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Suitable to be recommended; worthy of praise; commendable.</def> <au>Glanvill.</au> -- <wordforms><wf>Rec`om*mend"a*ble*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos> -- <wf>Rec`om*mend"a*bly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rec`om*men*da"tion</hw> <pr>(r?k`?m*m?n*d?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>recommandation</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of recommending.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>That which recommends, or commends to favor; anything procuring, or tending to procure, a favorable reception, or to secure acceptance and adoption; <as>as, he brought excellent <ex>recommendations</ex></as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>The state of being recommended; esteem.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>The burying of the dead . . . hath always been had in an extraordinary <qex>recommendation</qex> amongst the ancient.</q> <rj><qau>Sir T. North.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rec`om*mend"a*tive</hw> <pr>(-m?nd"?*t?v)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>That which recommends; a recommendation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rec`om*mend"a*to*ry</hw> <pr>(-?*t?*r?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Serving to recommend; recommending; commendatory.</def>  <rj><au>Swift.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rec`om*mend"er</hw> <pr>(-?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who recommends.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`com*mis"sion</hw> <pr>(r?`k?m*m?sh?n)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To commission again; to give a new commission to.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Officers whose time of service had expired were to be <qex>recommissioned</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Marshall.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`com*mit"</hw> <pr>(-m?t")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To commit again; to give back into keeping; specifically, to refer again to a committee; <as>as, to <ex>recommit</ex> a bill to the same committee</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><mhw>{ <hw>Re`com*mit"ment</hw> <pr>(-m&eitalic_;nt)</pr>, <hw>Re`com*mit"tal</hw> <pr>(-?l)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <def>A second or renewed commitment; a renewed reference to a committee.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`com*pact"</hw> <pr>(-p?kt")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To compact or join anew.</def> &ldquo;<xex>Recompact</xex> my scattered body.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Donne.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*com`pen*sa"tion</hw> <pr>(r?*k?m`p?n*s?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. LL. <ets>recompensatio</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Recompense.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld> <def>Used to denote a case where a set-off pleaded by the defendant is met by a set-off pleaded by the plaintiff.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rec"om*pense</hw> <pr>(r&ebreve_;k"&obreve_;m*p&ebreve_;ns)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Recompensed</conjf> <pr>(-p?nst)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Recompensing</conjf> <pr>(-p?n`s?ng)</pr>.]</vmorph> <ety>[F. <ets>r&eacute;compenser</ets>, LL.  <ets>recompensare</ets>, fr.L. pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>compensare</ets> to compensate. See <er>Compensate</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To render an equivalent to, for service, loss, etc.; to requite; to remunerate; to compensate.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>He can not <qex>recompense</qex> me better.</q> <rj><qau>Shak.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To return an equivalent for; to give compensation for; to atone for; to pay for.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>God <qex>recompenseth</qex> the gift.</q> <rj><qau>Robynson (More's Utopia).</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>To <qex>recompense</qex><br/>
My rash, but more unfortunate, misdeed.</q> <rj><qau>Milton.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>To give in return; to pay back; to pay, as something earned or deserved.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q><qex>Recompense</qex> to no man evil for evil.</q> <rj><qau>Rom. xii. 17.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><syn><b>Syn.</b> -- To repay; requite; compensate; reward; remunerate.</syn><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rec"om*pense</hw> <pr>(r?k"?m*p?ns)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To give recompense; to make amends or requital.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rec"om*pense</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r&eacute;compense</ets>.]</ety> <def>An equivalent returned for anything done, suffered, or given; compensation; requital; suitable return.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>To me belongeth vengeance, and <qex>recompense</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Deut. xxii. 35.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>And every transgression and disobedience received a just <qex>recompense</qex> of reward.</q> <rj><qau>Heb. ii. 2.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><syn><b>Syn.</b> -- Repayment; compensation; remuneration; amends; satisfaction; reward; requital.</syn><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rec"om*pense`ment</hw> <pr>(-p?ns`m?nt)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Recompense; requital.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Fabyan.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rec"om*pen`ser</hw> <pr>(-p?n`s?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who recompenses.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>A thankful <qex>recompenser</qex> of the benefits received.</q> <rj><qau>Foxe.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rec"om*pen`sive</hw> <pr>(-s?v)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of the nature of recompense; serving to recompense.</def>  <rj><au>Sir T. Browne.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*com`pi*la"tion</hw> <pr>(r?*k?m`p?*l?"tion)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A new compilation.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`com*pile"</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;`k&obreve_;m*p&imacr;l")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To compile anew.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`com*pile"ment</hw> <pr>(-m&eitalic_;nt)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of recompiling; new compilation or digest; <as>as, a <ex>recompilement</ex> of the laws</as>.</def>  <rj><au>Bacon.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`com*pose"</hw> <pr>(-p?z")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Recomposed</conjf> <pr>(-p?zd")</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Recomposing</conjf>.]</vmorph> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re-</ets> + <ets>compose</ets>: cf. F. <ets>recomposer</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To compose again; to form anew; to put together again or repeatedly.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>The far greater number of the objects presented to our observation can only be decomposed, but not actually <qex>recomposed</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Sir W. Hamilton.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To restore to composure; to quiet anew; to tranquilize; <as>as, to <ex>recompose</ex> the mind</as>.</def>  <rj><au>Jer. Taylor.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`com*pos"er</hw> <pr>(-p?z"?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who recomposes.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*com`po*si"tion</hw> <pr>(r?*k?m`p?z?sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>recomposition</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of recomposing.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>&Verbar;Re*con`cen*tra"do</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp., p.p. of <ets>reconcentrar</ets> to inclose, to reconcentrate.]</ety> <def>Lit., one who has been reconcentrated; specif., in Cuba, the Philippines, etc., during the revolution of 1895-98, one of the rural noncombatants who were concentrated by the military authorities in areas surrounding the fortified towns, and later were reconcentrated in the smaller limits of the towns themselves.</def><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`con*cen"trate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t. &amp; i.</pos> <def>To concentrate again; to concentrate thoroughly.</def><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*con`cen*tra"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of reconcentrating or the state of being reconcentrated; esp., the act or policy of concentrating the rural population in or about towns and villages for convenience in political or military administration, as in Cuba during the revolution of 1895-98.</def><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rec"on*ci`la*ble</hw> <pr>(r?k"?n*s?`l?*b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r&eacute;conciliable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being reconciled; <as>as, <ex>reconcilable</ex> adversaries; an act <ex>reconciable</ex> with previous acts.</as></def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>The different accounts of the numbers of ships are <qex>reconcilable</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Arbuthnot.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p>-- <wordforms><wf>Rec"on*ci`la*ble*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos> -- <wf>Rec"on*ci`la*bly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rec"on*cile`</hw> <pr>(-s?l`)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Reconciled</conjf> <pr>(-s?ld`)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Reconciling</conjf>.]</vmorph> <ety>[F. <ets>r&eacute;concilier</ets>, L. <ets>reconciliare</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>conciliare</ets> to bring together, to unite. See <er>Conciliate</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To cause to be friendly again; to conciliate anew; to restore to friendship; to bring back to harmony; to cause to be no longer at variance; <as>as, to <ex>reconcile</ex> persons who have quarreled</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Propitious now and <qex>reconciled</qex> by prayer.</q> <rj><qau>Dryden.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>The church [if defiled] is interdicted till it be <qex>reconciled</qex> [i.e., restored to sanctity] by the bishop.</q> <rj><qau>Chaucer.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>We pray you . . . be ye <qex>reconciled</qex> to God.</q> <rj><qau>2 Cor. v. 20.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To bring to acquiescence, content, or quiet submission; <as>as, to <ex>reconcile</ex> one's self to affictions</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>To make consistent or congruous; to bring to agreement or suitableness; -- followed by <xex>with</xex> or <xex>to</xex>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>The great men among the ancients understood how to <qex>reconcile</qex> manual labor with affairs of state.</q> <rj><qau>Locke.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Some figures monstrous and misshaped appear,<br/>
Considered singly, or beheld too near;<br/>
Which, but proportioned to their light or place,<br/>
Due distance <qex>reconciles</qex> to form and grace.</q> <rj><qau>Pope.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>4.</sn> <def>To adjust; to settle; <as>as, to <ex>reconcile</ex> differences</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><syn><b>Syn.</b> -- To reunite; conciliate; placate; propitiate; pacify; appease.</syn><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rec"on*cile`</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To become reconciled.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rec"on*cile`ment</hw> <pr>(-m&eitalic_;nt)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Reconciliation.</def>  <rj><au>Milton.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rec"on*ci`ler</hw> <pr>(-s?`l?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who reconciles.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rec`on*cil`i*a"tion</hw> <pr>(-s?l`?*?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>r&eacute;conciliation</ets>, L.  <ets>reconciliatio</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of reconciling, or the state of being reconciled; reconcilenment; restoration to harmony; renewal of friendship.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q><qex>Reconciliation</qex> and friendship with God really form the basis of all rational and true enjoyment.</q> <rj><qau>S. Miller.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Reduction to congruence or consistency; removal of inconsistency; harmony.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>A clear and easy <qex>reconciliation</qex> of those seeming inconsistencies of Scripture.</q> <rj><qau>D. Rogers.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><syn><b>Syn.</b> -- Reconcilement; reunion; pacification; appeasement; propitiation; atonement; expiation.</syn><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rec`on*cil"i*a*to*ry</hw> <pr>(-s?l"?*?*t?*r?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Serving or tending to reconcile.</def>  <rj><au>Bp. Hall.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*con`den*sa"tion</hw> <pr>(r?*k?n`d?n*s?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act or process of recondensing.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`con*dense"</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;`k&obreve_;n*d&ebreve_;ns")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To condense again.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rec"on*dite</hw> <pr>(r&ebreve_;k"&obreve_;n*d&imacr;t <i>or</i> r&euptack_;k&obreve_;n"d&ibreve_;t; 277)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>reconditus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>recondere</ets> to put up again, to lay up, to conceal; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>condere</ets> to bring or lay together. See <er>Abscond</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Hidden from the mental or intellectual view; secret; abstruse; <as>as, <ex>recondite</ex> causes of things</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Dealing in things abstruse; profound; searching; <as>as, <ex>recondite</ex> studies</as>.</def> &ldquo;<xex>Recondite</xex> learning.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Bp. Horsley.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*con"di*to*ry</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;k&obreve_;n"d&ibreve_;*t&ouptack_;*r&ybreve_;)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL. <ets>reconditorium</ets>.]</ety> <def>A repository; a storehouse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Ash.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Re`con*duct"</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;`k&obreve_;n*d&ubreve;kt")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To conduct back or again.</def> &ldquo;A guide to <xex>reconduct</xex> thy steps.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Dryden.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Re`con*firm"</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;`k&obreve_;n*f&etilde_;rm")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re-</ets> + <ets>confirm</ets>: cf. F. <ets>reconfirmer</ets>.]</ety> <def>To confirm anew.</def>  <rj><au>Clarendon.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`con*fort"</hw> <pr>(-f?rt")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>r&eacute;conforter</ets>.]</ety> <def>To recomfort; to comfort.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Chaucer.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`con*join"</hw> <pr>(r?`k?n*join")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To join or conjoin anew.</def>  <rj><au>Boyle.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><mhw>{ <hw>Re*con"nais*sance</hw>, <hw>Re*con"nois*sance</hw> }</mhw> <pr>(r?-k?n"n?s-s?ns)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. See <er>Recognizance</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of reconnoitering; preliminary examination or survey.</def> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>An examination or survey of a region in reference to its general geological character.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Engin.)</fld> <def>An examination of a region as to its general natural features, preparatory to a more particular survey for the purposes of triangulation, or of determining the location of a public work.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>An examination of a territory, or of an enemy's position, for the purpose of obtaining information necessary for directing military operations; a preparatory expedition.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Reconnoissance in force</b></col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>a demonstration or attack by a large force of troops for the purpose of discovering the position and strength of an enemy.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><mhw>{ <hw>Rec`on*noi"ter</hw>, <hw>Rec`on*noi"tre</hw>  }</mhw> <pr>(r?k`?n*noi"t?r)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[F.  <ets>reconnoitre</ets>, a former spelling of <ets>reconna&icirc;tre</ets>. See <er>Recognize</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To examine with the eye to make a preliminary examination or survey of; esp., to survey with a view to military or engineering operations.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To recognize.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Sir H. Walpole.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*con"quer</hw> <pr>(r?*k?n"k?r)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re-</ets>  + <ets>conquer</ets>: cf. F. <ets>reconqu&eacute;rir</ets>.]</ety> <def>To conquer again; to recover by conquest; <as>as, to <ex>reconquer</ex> a revolted province</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*con"quest</hw> <pr>(-kw?st)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A second conquest.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*con"se*crate</hw> <pr>(-k?n"s?*kr?t)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To consecrate anew or again.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*con`se*cra"tion</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Renewed consecration.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`con*sid"er</hw> <pr>(r?`k?n*s?d"?r)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To consider again; <as>as, to <ex>reconsider</ex> a subject</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Parliamentary Practice)</fld> <def>To take up for renewed consideration, as a motion or a vote which has been previously acted upon.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`con*sid`er*a"tion</hw> <pr>(-?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of reconsidering, or the state of being reconsidered; <as>as, the <ex>reconsideration</ex> of a vote in a legislative body</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*con"so*late</hw> <pr>(r?*k?n"s?*l?t)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To console or comfort again.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Sir H. Wotton.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`con*sol"i*date</hw> <pr>(r?`k?n*s?l"?*d?t)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To consolidate anew or again.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`con*sol`i*da"tion</hw> <pr>(-d?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act or process of reconsolidating; the state of being reconsolidated.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`con*struct"</hw> <pr>(-str?kt")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To construct again; to rebuild; to remodel; to form again or anew.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Regiments had been dissolved and <qex>reconstructed</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Macaulay.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`con*struc"tion</hw> <pr>(-str?k"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of constructing again; the state of being reconstructed.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(U.S. Politics)</fld> <def>The act or process of reorganizing the governments of the States which had passed ordinances of secession, and of re&euml;stablishing their constitutional relations to the national government, after the close of the Civil War.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`con*struct"ive</hw> <pr>(-str?k"t?v)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Reconstructing; tending to reconstruct; <as>as, a <ex>reconstructive</ex> policy</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`con*tin"u*ance</hw> <pr>(-t?n"?*?ns)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act or state of recontinuing.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`con*tin"ue</hw> <pr>(-?)</pr>, <pos>v. t. &amp; i.</pos> <def>To continue anew.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`con*vene"</hw> <pr>(r?`k?n*v?n")</pr>, <pos>v. t. &amp; i.</pos> <def>To convene or assemble again; to call or come together again.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`con*ven"tion</hw> <pr>(-v?n"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Civil Law)</fld> <def>A cross demand; an action brought by the defendant against the plaintiff before the same judge.</def>  <rj><au>Burrill. Bouvier.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`con*ver"sion</hw> <pr>(-v?r"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A second conversion.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`con*vert"</hw> <pr>(-v?rt")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To convert again.</def>  <rj><au>Milton.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*con"vert</hw> <pr>(r?*k?n"v?rt)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A person who has been reconverted.</def>  <rj><au>Gladstone.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`con*vert"i*ble</hw> <pr>(r?`k?n*v?rt"?*b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Capable of being reconverted; convertible again to the original form or condition.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`con*vey"</hw> <pr>(-v?")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To convey back or to the former place; <as>as, to <ex>reconvey</ex> goods</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To transfer back to a former owner; <as>as, to <ex>reconvey</ex> an estate</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`con*vey"ance</hw> <pr>(-v?"?ns)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Act of reconveying.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*cop"y</hw> <pr>(r?*k?p"?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To copy again.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*cord"</hw> <pr>(r?*k?rd")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Recorded</conjf>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Recording</conjf>.]</vmorph> <ety>[OE. <ets>recorden</ets> to repeat, remind, F. <ets>recorder</ets>, fr. L. <ets>recordari</ets> to remember; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>cor</ets>, <ets>cordis</ets>, the heart or mind. See <er>Cordial</er>, <er>Heart</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To recall to mind; to recollect; to remember; to meditate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> &ldquo;I it you <xex>record</xex>.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Chaucer.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To repeat; to recite; to sing or play.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>They longed to see the day, to hear the lark<br/>
<qex>Record</qex> her hymns, and chant her carols blest.</q> <rj><qau>Fairfax.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>To preserve the memory of, by committing to writing, to printing, to inscription, or the like; to make note of; to write or enter in a book or on parchment, for the purpose of preserving authentic evidence of; to register; to enroll; <as>as, to <ex>record</ex> the proceedings of a court; to <ex>record</ex> historical events.</as></def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Those things that are <qex>recorded</qex> of him . . . are written in the chronicles of the kings.</q> <rj><qau>1 Esd. i. 42.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><mcol><col><b>To record a deed</b></col>, <col><b>mortgage</b></col>, <col><b>lease</b></col></mcol>, <cd>etc., to have a copy of the same entered in the records of the office designated by law, for the information of the public.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*cord"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To reflect; to ponder.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Praying all the way, and <qex>recording</qex> upon the words which he before had read.</q> <rj><qau>Fuller.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To sing or repeat a tune.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Shak.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Whether the birds or she <qex>recorded</qex> best.</q> <rj><qau>W. Browne.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rec"ord</hw> <pr>(r&ebreve_;k"&etilde_;rd)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF. <ets>recort</ets>, <ets>record</ets>, remembrance, attestation, record. See <er>Record</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A writing by which some act or event, or a number of acts or events, is recorded; a register; <as>as, a <ex>record</ex> of the acts of the Hebrew kings; a <ex>record</ex> of the variations of temperature during a certain time; a family <ex>record</ex></as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> Especially: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An official contemporaneous writing by which the acts of some public body, or public officer, are recorded; <as>as, a <ex>record</ex> of city ordinances; the <ex>records</ex> of the receiver of taxes</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An authentic official copy of a document which has been entered in a book, or deposited in the keeping of some officer designated by law.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>An official contemporaneous memorandum stating the proceedings of a court of justice; a judicial record.</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <def>The various legal papers used in a case, together with memoranda of the proceedings of the court; <as>as, it is not permissible to allege facts not in the <ex>record</ex></as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>Testimony; witness; attestation.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>John bare <qex>record</qex>, saying.</q> <rj><qau>John i. 32.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>4.</sn> <def>That which serves to perpetuate a knowledge of acts or events; a monument; a memorial.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>5.</sn> <def>That which has been, or might be, recorded; the known facts in the course, progress, or duration of anything, as in the life of a public man; <as>as, a politician with a good or a bad <ex>record</ex></as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><!-- p. 1201 --></p>

<p><sn>6.</sn> <def>That which has been publicly achieved in any kind of competitive sport as recorded in some authoritative manner, as the time made by a winning horse in a race.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Court of record</b></col> <pr>(<it>pron.</it> r&unr_;*k&unr_;rd" <it>in Eng.</it>)</pr>, <cd>a court whose acts and judicial proceedings are written on parchment or in books for a perpetual memorial.</cd> -- <col><b>Debt of record</b></col>, <cd>a debt which appears to be due by the evidence of a court of record, as upon a judgment or a cognizance.</cd> -- <col><b>Trial by record</b></col>, <cd>a trial which is had when a matter of record is pleaded, and the opposite party pleads that there is no such record.  In this case the trial is by inspection of the record itself, no other evidence being admissible.</cd> <au>Blackstone.</au> -- <mcol><col><b>To beat the record</b></col>, <it>or</it> <col><b>To break the record</b></col></mcol> <fld>(Sporting)</fld>, <cd>to surpass any performance of like kind as authoritatively recorded; <as>as, <ex>to break the record</ex> in a walking match</as>.</cd>  <note>Records in many fields of endeavor are listed in the <a href="http://www.guinessworldrecords.com">Guiness Book of World Records</a></note>.</cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*cord"ance</hw> <pr>(r?*k?rd"?ns)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Remembrance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rec`or*da"tion</hw> <pr>(r?k`?r*d?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>recordatio</ets>: cf. F.  <ets>recordation</ets>. See <er>Record</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <def>Remembrance; recollection; also, a record.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Shak.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*cord"er</hw> <pr>(r?*k?rd"?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who records; specifically, a person whose official duty it is to make a record of writings or transactions.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>The title of the chief judical officer of some cities and boroughs; also, of the chief justice of an East Indian settlement. The Recorder of London is judge of the Lord Mayor's Court, and one of the commissioners of the Central Criminal Court.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A kind of wind instrument resembling the flageolet.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> &ldquo;Flutes and soft <xex>recorders</xex>.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Milton.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*cord"er*ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The office of a recorder.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*cord"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Keeping a record or a register; <as>as, a <ex>recording</ex> secretary</as>; -- applied to numerous instruments with an automatic appliance which makes a record of their action; <as>as, a <ex>recording</ex> gauge or telegraph</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`cor*por`i*fi*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(r?`k?r*p?r`?*f?*k?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of investing again with a body; the state of being furnished anew with a body.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>  <rj><au>Boyle.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*couch"</hw> <pr>(r?*kouch")</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re-</ets> + <ets>couch</ets>: cf. F. <ets>recoucher</ets>.]</ety> <def>To retire again to a couch; to lie down again.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Sir H. Wotton.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*count"</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;*kount")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re-</ets>  + <ets>count</ets>.]</ety> <def>To count or reckon again.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*count"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A counting again, as of votes.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*count"</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*kount")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>raconter</ets> to relate, to recount; pref. <ets>re-</ets> again + &unr_; (L. <ets>ad</ets>.) + <ets>conter</ets> to relate. See <er>Count</er>, <pos>v.</pos>]</ety> <def>To tell over; to relate in detail; to recite; to tell or narrate the particulars of; to rehearse; to enumerate; <as>as, to <ex>recount</ex> one's blessings</as>.</def>  <rj><au>Dryden.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>To all his angels, who, with true applause,<br/>
<qex>Recount</qex> his praises.</q> <rj><qau>Milton.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*count`ment</hw> <pr>(-m&eitalic_;nt)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Recital.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Shak.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><mhw>{ <hw>Re*coup"</hw>, <hw>Re*coupe"</hw>  }</mhw> <pr>(-k??p")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>recouper</ets>; pref.  <ets>re-</ets>  re- + <ets>couper</ets> to cut.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To keep back rightfully (a part), as if by cutting off, so as to diminish a sum due; to take off (a part) from damages; to deduct; <as>as, where a landlord <ex>recouped</ex> the rent of premises from damages awarded to the plaintiff for eviction</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To get an equivalent or compensation for; <as>as, to <ex>recoup</ex> money lost at the gaming table; to <ex>recoup</ex> one's losses in the share market</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>To reimburse; to indemnify; -- often used reflexively and in the passive.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Elizabeth had lost her venture; but if she was bold, she might <qex>recoup</qex> herself at Philip's cost.</q> <rj><qau>Froude.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Industry is sometimes <qex>recouped</qex> for a small price by extensive custom.</q> <rj><qau>Duke of Argyll.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*coup"er</hw> <pr>(r?*k??p"?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who recoups.</def>  <rj><au>Story.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*coup"ment</hw> <pr>(-m&eitalic_;nt)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of recouping.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><note>&hand_; <xex>Recoupment</xex> applies to equities growing out of the very affair from which thw principal demand arises, <xex>set-off</xex> to cross-demands which may be independent in origin.</note>  <rj><au>Abbott.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*course"</hw> <pr>(r?*k?rs")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>recours</ets>, L. <ets>recursus</ets> a running back, return, fr. <ets>recurrere</ets>, <ets>recursum</ets>, to run back. See <er>Recur</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A coursing back, or coursing again, along the line of a previous coursing; renewed course; return; retreat; recurence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> &ldquo;Swift <xex>recourse</xex> of flushing blood.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Spenser.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><q>Unto my first I will have my <qex>recourse</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Chaucer.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><q>Preventive physic . . . preventeth sickness in the healthy, or the <qex>recourse thereof in the valetudinary</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Sir T. Browne.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Recurrence in difficulty, perplexity, need, or the like; access or application for aid; resort.</def><br/>
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<p><q>Thus died this great peer, in a time of great <qex>recourse</qex> unto him and dependence upon him.</q> <rj><qau>Sir H. Wotton.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><q>Our last <qex>recourse</qex> is therefore to our art.</q> <rj><qau>Dryden.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>Access; admittance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
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<p><q>Give me <qex>recourse</qex> to him.</q> <rj><qau>Shak.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><cs><col><b>Without recourse</b></col> <fld>(Commerce)</fld>, <cd>words sometimes added to the indorsement of a negotiable instrument to protect the indorser from liability to the indorsee and subsequent holders. It is a restricted indorsement.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*course"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To return; to recur.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
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<p><q>The flame departing and <qex>recoursing</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Foxe.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To have recourse; to resort.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Bp. Hacket.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*course"ful</hw> <pr>(-f?l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having recurring flow and ebb; moving alternately.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Drayton.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*cov"er</hw> <pr>(r?*k?v"?r)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re-</ets> +  <ets>cover</ets>: cf. F.  <ets>recouvrir</ets>.]</ety> <def>To cover again.</def>  <rj><au>Sir W. Scott.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*cov"er</hw> <pr>(r?*k?v"?r)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Recovered</conjf> <pr>(-?rd)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Recovering</conjf>. ]</vmorph> <ety>[OE. <ets>recoveren</ets>, OF. <ets>recovrer</ets>, F. <ets>recouvrer</ets>, from L. <ets>recuperare</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets>  re + a word of unknown origin.  Cf.<er>Recuperate</er>.]</ety><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>1.</sn> <def>To get or obtain again; to get renewed possession of; to win back; to regain.</def><br/>
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<p><q>David <qex>recovered</qex> all that the Amalekites had carried away.</q> <rj><qau>1. Sam. xxx. 18.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To make good by reparation; to make up for; to retrieve; to repair the loss or injury of; <as>as, to <ex>recover</ex> lost time</as>.</def> &ldquo;Loss of catel may <xex>recovered</xex> be.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Chaucer.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><q>Even good men have many failings and lapses to lament and <qex>recover</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Rogers.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>To restore from sickness, faintness, or the like; to bring back to life or health; to cure; to heal.</def><br/>
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<p><q>The wine in my bottle will <qex>recover</qex> him.</q> <rj><qau>Shak.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><sn>4.</sn> <def>To overcome; to get the better of, -- as a state of mind or body.</def><br/>
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<p><q>I do hope to <qex>recover</qex> my late hurt.</q> <rj><qau>Cowley.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><q>When I had <qex>recovered</qex> a little my first surprise.</q> <rj><qau>De Foe.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><sn>5.</sn> <def>To rescue; to deliver.</def><br/>
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<p><q>That they may <qex>recover</qex> themselves out of the snare of the devil, who are taken captive by him.</q> <rj><qau>2. Tim. ii. 26.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><sn>6.</sn> <def>To gain by motion or effort; to obtain; to reach; to come to.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark><br/>
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<p><q>The forest is not three leagues off;<br/>
If we <qex>recover</qex> that, we're sure enough.</q> <rj><qau>Shak.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><q>Except he could <qex>recover</qex> one of the Cities of Refuge he was to die.</q> <rj><qau>Hales.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To gain as a compensation; to obtain in return for injury or debt; <as>as, to <ex>recover</ex> damages in trespass; to <ex>recover</ex> debt and costs in a suit at law</as>; to obtain title to by judgement in a court of law; <as>as, to <ex>recover</ex> lands in ejectment or common recovery</as>; to gain by legal process; <as>as, to <ex>recover</ex> judgement against a defendant</as>.</def><br/>
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<p><cs><col><b>Recover arms</b></col> <fld>(Mil. Drill)</fld>, <cd>a command whereby the piece is brought from the position of &ldquo;aim&rdquo; to that of &ldquo;ready.&rdquo;</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><syn><b>Syn.</b> -- To regain; repossess; resume; retrieve; recruit; heal; cure.</syn><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*cov"er</hw> <pr>(r?*k?v"?r)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To regain health after sickness; to grow well; to be restored or cured; hence, to regain a former state or condition after misfortune, alarm, etc.; -- often followed by <xex>of</xex> or <xex>from</xex>; <as>as, to <ex>recover</ex> from a state of poverty; to <ex>recover</ex> from fright.</as></def><br/>
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<p><q>Go, inquire of Baal-zebub, the god of Ekron, whether I shall <qex>recover</qex> of this disease.</q> <rj><qau>2 Kings i. 2.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To make one's way; to come; to arrive.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
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<p><q>With much ado the Christians <qex>recovered</qex> to Antioch.</q> <rj><qau>Fuller.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To obtain a judgement; to succeed in a lawsuit; <as>as, the plaintiff has <ex>recovered</ex> in his suit</as>.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*cov"er</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Recovery.</def>  <rj><au>Sir T. Malory.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*cov"er*a*ble</hw> <pr>(-?*b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>recouvrable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being recovered or regained; capable of being brought back to a former condition, as from sickness, misfortune, etc.; obtainable from a debtor or possessor; <as>as, the debt is <ex>recoverable</ex>; goods lost or sunk in the ocean are not <ex>recoverable</ex>.</as></def><br/>
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<p><q>A prodigal course<br/>
Is like the sun's; but not, like his, <qex>recoverable</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Shak.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><q>If I am <qex>recoverable</qex>, why am I thus?</q> <rj><qau>Cowper.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p>-- <wordforms><wf>Re*cov"er*a*ble*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms><br/>
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<p><hw>Re cov"er*ance</hw> <pr>(-&aitalic_;ns)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Recovery.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*cov`er*ee"</hw> <pr>(-&emacr;")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The person against whom a judgment is obtained in common recovery.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*cov"er*er</hw> <pr>(r?*k?v"?r*?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who recovers.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*cov`er*or"</hw> <pr>(-?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The demandant in a common recovery after judgment.</def>  <rj><au>Wharton.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*cov"er*y</hw> <pr>(r?*k?v"?r*?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of recovering, regaining, or retaking possession.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Restoration from sickness, weakness, faintness, or the like; restoration from a condition of mistortune, of fright, etc.</def><br/>
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<p><sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The obtaining in a suit at law of a right to something by a verdict and judgment of court.</def><br/>
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<p><sn>4.</sn> <def>The getting, or gaining, of something not previously had.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> &ldquo;Help be past <xex>recovery</xex>.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Tusser.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><sn>5.</sn> <def>In rowing, the act of regaining the proper position for making a new stroke.</def><br/>
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<p><sn>6.</sn> <def>Act of regaining the natural position after curtseying.</def><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><sn>7.</sn>  <fld>(Fencing, Sparring, etc.)</fld> <def>Act of regaining the position of guard after making an attack.</def><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Common recovery</b></col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a species of common assurance or mode of conveying lands by matter of record, through the forms of an action at law, formerly in frequent use, but now abolished or obsolete, both in England and America.</cd>  <rj><au>Burrill. Warren.</au></rj></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rec"re*ance</hw> <pr>(r?k"r?*?ns)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Recreancy.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rec"re*an*cy</hw> <pr>(-<it>a</it>n*s?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state of being recreant.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rec"re*ant</hw> <pr>(-<it>a</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OF., cowardly, fr. <ets>recroire</ets>, <ets>recreire</ets>, to forsake, leave, tire, discourage, regard as conquered, LL. <ets>recredere se</ets> to declare one's self conquered in combat; hence, those are called <ets>recrediti</ets> or <ets>recreanti</ets> who are considered infamous; L. pref. <ets>re-</ets> again, back + <ets>credere</ets> to believe, to be of opinion; hence, originally, to disavow one's opinion. See <er>Creed</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Crying for mercy, as a combatant in the trial by battle; yielding; cowardly; mean-spirited; craven.</def> &ldquo;This <xex>recreant</xex> knight.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Spenser.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Apostate; false; unfaithful.</def><br/>
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<p><q>Who, for so many benefits received,<br/>
Turned <qex>recreant</qex> to God, ingrate and false.</q> <rj><qau>Milton.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Rec"re*ant</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who yields in combat, and begs for mercy; a mean-spirited, cowardly wretch.</def>  <rj><au>Blackstone.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><q>You are all <qex>recreants</qex> and dastards!</q> <rj><qau>Shak.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Re`-cre*ate"</hw> <pr>(r?`kr?*?t")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re-</ets> + <ets>create</ets>.]</ety> <def>To create or form anew.</def><br/>
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<p><q>On opening the campaign of 1776, instead of re&euml;nforcing, it was necessary to <qex>re-create</qex>, the army.</q> <rj><qau>Marshall.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Rec"re*ate</hw> <pr>(rk"r*t)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Recreated</conjf> <pr>(-`td)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Recreating</conjf>.]</vmorph> <ety>[L. <ets>recreatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>recreate</ets> to create anew, to refresh; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>creare</ets> to create. See <er>Create</er>.]</ety> <def>To give fresh life to; to reanimate; to revive; especially, to refresh after wearying toil or anxiety; to relieve; to cheer; to divert; to amuse; to gratify.</def><br/>
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<p><q>Painters, when they work on white grounds, place before them colors mixed with blue and green, to <qex>recreate</qex> their eyes, white wearying . . . the sight more than any.</q> <rj><qau>Dryden.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><q>St. John, who <qex>recreated</qex> himself with sporting with a tame partridge.</q> <rj><qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><q>These ripe fruits <qex>recreate</qex> the nostrils with their aromatic scent.</q> <rj><qau>Dr. H. More.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Rec"re*ate</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To take recreation.</def>  <rj><au>L. Addison.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Rec"re*a"tion</hw> <pr>(-?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>r&eacute;cr&eacute;ation</ets>, L. <ets>recreatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of recreating, or the state of being recreated; refreshment of the strength and spirits after toil; amusement; diversion; sport; pastime.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`-cre*a"tion</hw> <pr>(r?`kr?*?sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Re-create</er>.]</ety> <def>A forming anew; a new creation or formation.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`-cre*a"tive</hw> <pr>(-?`t?v)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Creating anew; <as>as, <ex>re-creative</ex> power</as>.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Rec"re*a`tive</hw> <pr>(r?k"r?*?`t?v)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r&eacute;cr&eacute;atif</ets>. See <er>Recreate</er>.]</ety> <def>Tending to recreate or refresh; recreating; giving new vigor or animation; reinvigorating; giving relief after labor or pain; amusing; diverting.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Let the music of them be <qex>recreative</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Bacon.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p>--- <wordforms><wf>Rec"re*a`tive*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> -- <wf>Rec"re*a`tive*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms><br/>
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<p><hw>Rec"re*ment</hw> <pr>(r?k"r?*m<it>e</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>recrementum</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>cernere</ets>, <ets>cretum</ets>, to separate, sift: cf. F. <ets>r&eacute;cr&eacute;ment</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Superfluous matter separated from that which is useful; dross; scoria; <as>as, the <ex>recrement</ex> of ore</as>.</def><br/>
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<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Excrement.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A substance secreted from the blood and again absorbed by it.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Rec`re*men"tal</hw> <pr>(-m?n"t<it>a</it>l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Recrementitious.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rec`re*men*ti"tial</hw> <pr>(-m?n*t?sh"<it>a</it>l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r&eacute;cr&eacute;mentitiel</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Of the nature of a recrement. See <er>Recrement</er>, 2 <sd>(b)</sd>.</def> &ldquo;<xex>Recrementitial</xex> fluids.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Dunglison.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Rec`re*men*ti"tious</hw> <pr>(-t?sh"?s)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining to recrement; consisting of recrement or dross.</def>  <rj><au>Boyle.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*crim"i*nate</hw> <pr>(r?*kr?m"?*n?t)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Pref.  <ets>re-</ets> + <ets>criminate</ets>: cf. F. <ets>r&eacute;criminer</ets>, LL. <ets>recriminare</ets>.]</ety> <def>To return one charge or accusation with another; to charge back fault or crime upon an accuser.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>It is not my business to <qex>recriminate</qex>, hoping sufficiently to clear myself in this matter.</q> <rj><qau>Bp. Stillingfleet.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*crim"i*nate</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To accuse in return.</def>  <rj><au>South.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*crim`i*na"tion</hw> <pr>(-n?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>r&eacute;crimination</ets>, LL. <ets>recriminatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of recriminating; an accusation brought by the accused against the accuser; a counter accusation.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Accusations and <qex>recriminations</qex> passed backward and forward between the contending parties.</q> <rj><qau>Macaulay.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*crim"i*na*tive</hw> <pr>(-n?*t?v)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Recriminatory.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*crim"i*na`tor</hw> <pr>(-n?`t?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who recriminates.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*crim"i*na*to*ry</hw> <pr>(-n?*t?*r?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r&eacute;criminatoire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the quality of recrimination; retorting accusation; recriminating.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*cross"</hw> <pr>(r?*kr?s";115)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To cross a second time.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*cru"den*cy</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*kr&usuml_;"d&eitalic_;n*s&ybreve_;)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Recrudescence.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`cru*desce"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Recrudescent</er>.]</ety> <def>To be in a state of recrudescence; esp., to come into renewed freshness, vigor, or activity; to revive.</def></p>

<p><q>The general influence . . . which is liable every now and then to <qex>recrudesce</qex> in his absence.</q>  <rj><qau>Edmund Gurney.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><mhw>{ <hw>Re`cru*des"cence</hw> <pr>(r?`kr?*d?s"s<it>e</it>ns)</pr>, <hw>Re`cru*des`cen*cy</hw> <pr>(-d?s"s<it>e</it>n*s?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>recrudescence</ets>.]</ety><br/>
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<p><sn>1.</sn> <def>The state or condition of being recrudescent.</def><br/>
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<p><q><qex>A recrudescence</qex> of barbarism may condemn it [land] to chronic poverty and waste.</q> <rj><qau>Duke of Argyll.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Increased severity of a disease after temporary remission.</def>  <rj><au>Dunglison.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Re`cru*des"cent</hw> <pr>(-s<it>e</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>recrudescens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>recrudescere</ets> to become raw again; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>crudescere</ets> to become hard or raw: cf. F. <ets>recrudescent</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Growing raw, sore, or painful again.</def><br/>
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<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Breaking out again after temporary abatement or supression; <as>as, a <ex>recrudescent</ex> epidemic</as>.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*cruit"</hw> <pr>(r?*kr?t")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Recruited</conjf>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Recruiting</conjf>.]</vmorph> <ety>[F. <ets>recruter</ets>, corrupted (under influence of <ets>recrue</ets> recruiting, recruit, from <ets>recro&icirc;/tre</ets>, p. p. <ets>recr&ucirc;</ets>, to grow again) from an older <ets>recluter</ets>, properly, to patch, to mend (a garment); pref. <ets>re-</ets> + OF. <ets>clut</ets> piece, piece of cloth; cf. Icel. <ets>kl&umacr;tr</ets> kerchief, E. <ets>clout</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To repair by fresh supplies, as anything wasted; to remedy lack or deficiency in; <as>as, food <ex>recruits</ex> the flesh; fresh air and exercise <ex>recruit</ex> the spirits.</as></def><br/>
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<p><q>Her cheeks glow the brighter, <qex>recruiting</qex> their color.</q> <rj><qau>Glanvill.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, to restore the wasted vigor of; to renew in strength or health; to reinvigorate.</def><br/>
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<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>To supply with new men, as an army; to fill up or make up by enlistment; <as>as, he <ex>recruited</ex> two regiments; the army was <ex>recruited</ex> for a campaign</as>; also, to muster; to enlist; <as>as, he <ex>recruited</ex> fifty men</as>.</def>  <rj><au>M. Arnold.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*cruit"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To gain new supplies of anything wasted; to gain health, flesh, spirits, or the like; to recuperate; <as>as, lean cattle <ex>recruit</ex> in fresh pastures</as>.</def><br/>
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<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To gain new supplies of men for military or other service; to raise or enlist new soldiers; to enlist troops.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*cruit"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A supply of anything wasted or exhausted; a re&euml;nforcement.</def><br/>
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<p><q>The state is to have <qex>recruits</qex> to its strength, and remedies to its distempers.</q> <rj><qau>Burke.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Specifically, a man enlisted for service in the army; a newly enlisted soldier.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*cruit"er</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or that which, recruits.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*cruit"ment</hw> <pr>(-m&eitalic_;nt)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act or process of recruiting; especially, the enlistment of men for an army.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*crys`tal*li*za"tion</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;*kr&ibreve_;s`t&aitalic_;l*l&ibreve_;*z&amacr;"sh&ubreve;n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Chem. &amp; Min.)</fld> <def>The process or recrystallizing.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*crys"tal*lize</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;*kr&ibreve_;s"t&aitalic_;l*l&imacr;z)</pr>, <pos>v. i. &amp; t.</pos> <fld>(Chem. &amp; Min.)</fld> <def>To crystallize again.</def>  <rj><au>Henry.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Rec"tal</hw> <pr>(r?k"t<it>a</it>l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the rectum; in the region of the rectum.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Rec"tan`gle</hw> <pr>(r?k"t??`g'l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr. L.  <ets>rectus</ets> right + <ets>angulus</ets> angle. See <er>Right</er>, and <er>Angle</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A four-sided figure having only right angles; a right-angled parallelogram.</def><br/>
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<p><note>&hand_; As the area of a <xex>rectangle</xex> is expressed by the product of its two dimensions, the term <xex>rectangle</xex> is sometimes used for <xex>product</xex>; as, the <xex>rectangle</xex> of <xex>a</xex> and <xex>b</xex>, that is, <xex>ab</xex>.</note><br/>
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<p><hw>Rec"tan`gle</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Rectangular.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark><br/>
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<p><hw>Rec"tan`gled</hw> <pr>(-g'ld)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Rectangular.</def>  <rj><au>Hutton.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Rec*tan"gu*lar</hw> <pr>(r?k*t?n"g?*l?r)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[CF. F. <ets>rectangulaire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Right-angled; having one or more angles of ninety degrees.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Rec*tan"gu*lar*ly</wf> <pr>(r&unr_;k*t&unr_;n"g&unr_;*l&unr_;r*l&unr_;)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> -- <wf>Rec*tan"gu*lar*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms><br/>
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<p><hw>Rec*tan`gu*lar"i*ty</hw> <pr>(-l?r"?*t?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or condition of being rectangular, or right-angled.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Rec"ti-</hw> <pr>(r?k"t?*)</pr>. <ety>[L. <ets>rectus</ets> straight.]</ety> <def>A combining form signifying <xex>straight</xex>; <as>as, <ex>recti</ex>lineal, having straight lines; <ex>recti</ex>nerved</as>.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Rec"ti*fi`a*ble</hw> <pr>(r?k"t?*f?`?*b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Capable of being rectified; <as>as, a <ex>rectifiable</ex> mistake</as>.</def><br/>
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<p><!-- p. 1202 --></p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>Admitting, as a curve, of the construction of a straight line equal in length to any definite portion of the curve.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Rec`ti*fi*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(r?k`t?*f?*k?1sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>rectification</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act or operation of rectifying; <as>as, the <ex>rectification</ex> of an error; the <ex>rectification</ex> of spirits.</as></def><br/>
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<p><q>After the <qex>rectification</qex> of his views, he was incapable of compromise with profounder shapes of error.</q> <rj><qau>De Quincey.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>The determination of a straight line whose length is equal a portion of a curve.</def><br/>
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<p><cs><col><b>Rectification of a globe</b></col> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>its adjustment preparatory to the solution of a proposed problem.</cd></cs><br/>
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<p><hw>Rec"ti*fi*ca`tor</hw> <pr>(r?k"t?*f?*k?`t?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>That which rectifies or refines; esp., a part of a distilling apparatus in which the more volatile portions are separated from the less volatile by the process of evaporation and condensation; a rectifier.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Rec"ti*fi`er</hw> <pr>(r?k"t?*f?`?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who, or that which, rectifies.</def><br/>
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<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> An instrument used for determining and rectifying the variations of the compass on board ship. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> A rectificator.</def><!-- (Elec.) A device to convert alternating current to direct current. --><br/>
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<p><hw>Rec"ti*fy</hw> <pr>(-f?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Rectified</conjf> <pr>(-f?d)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Rectifying</conjf> <pr>(-f?`?ng)</pr>.]</vmorph> <ety>[F. <ets>rectifier</ets>, LL. <ets>rectificare</ets>; L. <ets>rectus</ets> right + <ets>-ficare</ets> (in comp.) to make. See <er>Right</er>, and <er>-fy</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make or set right; to correct from a wrong, erroneous, or false state; to amend; <as>as, to <ex>rectify</ex> errors, mistakes, or abuses; to <ex>rectify</ex> the will, the judgment, opinions; to <ex>rectify</ex> disorders.</as></def><br/>
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<p><q>I meant to <qex>rectify</qex> my conscience.</q> <rj><qau>Shak.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><q>This was an error of opinion which a conflicting opinion would have <qex>rectified</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Burke.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>To refine or purify by repeated distillation or sublimation, by which the fine parts of a substance are separated from the grosser; <as>as, to <ex>rectify</ex> spirit of wine</as>.</def><br/>
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<p><sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>To produce ( as factitious gin or brandy) by redistilling low wines or ardent spirits (whisky, rum, etc.), flavoring substances, etc., being added.</def><br/>
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<p><!-- (Elec.) To convert (alternating current) to direct current. --><br/>
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<p><cs><col><b>To rectify a globe</b></col>, <cd>to adjust it in order to prepare for the solution of a proposed problem.</cd></cs><br/>
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<p><syn><b>Syn.</b> -- To amend; emend; correct; better; mend; reform; redress; adjust; regulate; improve. See <er>Amend</er>.</syn><br/>
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<p><mhw>{ <hw>Rec`ti*lin"e*al</hw> <pr>(-l?n"?*<it>a</it>l)</pr>, <hw>Rec`ti*lin"e*ar</hw> <pr>(-l?n"?*?r)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[<ets>Recti-</ets> +  <ets>lineal</ets>, <ets>linear</ets>.]</ety> <def>Straight; consisting of a straight line or lines; bounded by straight lines; <as>as, a <ex>rectineal</ex> angle; a <ex>rectilinear</ex> figure or course.</as></def> -- <wordforms><wf>Rec`ti*lin"e*al*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> -- <wf>Rec`ti*lin"e*ar*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms><br/>
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<p><hw>Rec`ti*lin`e*ar"i*ty</hw> <pr>(-?r"?*t?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state of being rectilinear.</def>  <rj><au>Coleridge.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Rec`ti*lin"e*ous</hw> <pr>(-?s)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Rectilinear.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Ray.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Rec"ti*nerved`</hw> <pr>(r?k"t?*n?rrvd`)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[<ets>Recti-</ets> + <ets>nerve</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the veins or nerves straight; -- said of leaves.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Rec"tion</hw> <pr>(r?k"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>rectio</ets>, fr. <ets>regere</ets> to rule or govern.]</ety> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>See <er>Government</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 7.</def>  <rj><au>Gibbs.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Rec`ti*ros"tral</hw> <pr>(r?k`t?*r?s"tr<it>a</it>l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[<ets>Recti-</ets> +  <ets>rostral</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>Having a straight beak.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Rec`ti*se"ri*al</hw> <pr>(-s?"r?*<it>a</it>l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[<ets>Recti-</ets> +  <ets>serial</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Arranged in exactly vertical ranks, as the leaves on stems of many kinds; -- opposed to <xex>curviserial</xex>.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>&Verbar;Rec*ti"tis</hw> <pr>(r?k*t?"t?s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL. See <er>Rectum</er>, and <er>-itis</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Proctitis.</def>  <rj><au>Dunglison.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Rec"ti*tude</hw> <pr>(r?k"t?*t?d)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>rectitudo</ets>, fr. <ets>rectus</ets> right, straight: cf. F. <ets>rectitude</ets>. See <er>Right</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Straightness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>  <rj><au>Johnson.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Rightness of principle or practice; exact conformity to truth, or to the rules prescribed for moral conduct, either by divine or human laws; uprightness of mind; uprightness; integrity; honesty; justice.</def><br/>
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<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>Right judgment.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>  <rj><au>Sir G. C. Lewis.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><syn><b>Syn.</b> -- See <er>Justice</er>.</syn><br/>
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<p><hw>Rec"to-</hw> <pr>(r?k"t?*)</pr>. <def>A combining form indicating <xex>connection with</xex>, or <xex>relation to</xex>, <xex>the rectum</xex>; <as>as, <ex>recto</ex>-vesical</as>.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Rec"to</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Abbrev. fr. LL. breve de <ets>recto</ets>. See <er>Right</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A writ of right.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Rec"to</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>recto</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>The right-hand page; -- opposed to <xex>verso</xex>.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Rec"tor</hw> <pr>(r?k"t?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>regere</ets>, <ets>rectum</ets>, to lead straight, to rule: cf. F. <ets>recteur</ets>. See <er>Regiment</er>, <er>Right</er>.]</ety><br/>
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<p><sn>1.</sn> <def>A ruler or governor.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark><br/>
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<p><q>God is the supreme <qex>rector</qex> of the world.</q> <rj><qau>Sir M. Hale.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><sn>2.</sn> <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Ch. of Eng.)</fld> <def>A clergyman who has the charge and cure of a parish, and has the tithes, etc.; the clergyman of a parish where the tithes are not impropriate. See the Note under Vicar.</def> <au>Blackstone.</au> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Prot. Epis. Ch.)</fld> <def>A clergyman in charge of a parish.</def><br/>
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<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>The head master of a public school.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark><br/>
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<p><sn>4.</sn> <def>The chief elective officer of some universities, as in France and Scotland; sometimes, the head of a college; <as>as, the <ex>Rector</ex> of Exeter College, or of Lincoln College, at Oxford</as>.</def><br/>
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<p><sn>5.</sn> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>The superior officer or chief of a convent or religious house; and among the Jesuits the superior of a house that is a seminary or college.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Rec"tor*al</hw> <pr>(-<it>a</it>l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[CF. F. <ets>rectoral</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to a rector or governor.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Rec"tor*ate</hw> <pr>(-?t)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL. <ets>rectoratus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>rectorat</ets>.]</ety> <def>The office, rank, or station of a rector; rectorship.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Rec"tor*ess</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A governess; a rectrix.</def>  <rj><au>Drayton.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>The wife of a rector.</def>  <rj><au>Thackeray.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Rec*to"ri*al</hw> <pr>(r?k*t?"r?*<it>a</it>l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining to a rector or a rectory; rectoral.</def>  <rj><au>Shipley.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Rec"tor*ship</hw> <pr>(r?k"t?r*sh?p)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Government; guidance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> &ldquo;The <xex>rectorship</xex> of judgment.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Shak.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>The office or rank of a rector; rectorate.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Rec"to*ry</hw> <pr>(-t?*r?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu><it>pl.</it> <plw>Rectories</plw> <pr>(-r&unr_;z)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>rectorie</ets> or <ets>rectorerie</ets>, LL. <ets>rectoria</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The province of a rector; a parish church, parsonage, or spiritual living, with all its rights, tithes, and glebes.</def><br/>
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<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>A rector's mansion; a parsonage house.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Rec`to-u"ter*ine</hw> <pr>(-?"t?r*?n or *?n)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to both the rectum and the uterus.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Rec`to*vag"i*nal</hw> <pr>(r?k`t?*v?j"?*n<it>a</it>l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to both the rectum and the vagina.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Rec`to-ves"i*cal</hw> <pr>(-v?s"?*k<it>a</it>l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to both the rectum and the bladder.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Rec"tress</hw> <pr>(r?k"tr?s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A rectoress.</def>  <rj><au>B. Jonson.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>&Verbar;Rec"trix</hw> <pr>(-tr?ks)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu><it>pl.</it> <plw>Rectrices</plw> <pr>(-tr&unr_;"s&unr_;z)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L., fem. of <ets>rector</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A governess; a rectoress.</def><br/>
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<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>One of the quill feathers of the tail of a bird.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Rec"tum</hw> <pr>(-t?m)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL. (sc. <ets>intestinum</ets>), fr. L. <ets>rectus</ets> straight. See <er>Right</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The terminal part of the large intestine; -- so named because supposed by the old anatomists to be straight. See <xex>Illust.</xex> under <er>Digestive</er>.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>&Verbar;Rec"tus</hw> <pr>(-t?s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu><it>pl.</it> <plw>Recti</plw> <pr>(-t&unr_;)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>regere</ets> to keep straight.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A straight muscle; <as>as, the <ex>recti</ex> of the eye</as>.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Rec`u*ba"tion</hw> <pr>(r?k`?*b?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>recubare</ets> to lie upon the back.]</ety> <def>Recumbence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Sir T. Browne.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*cule"</hw> <pr>(r?*k?l")</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To recoil.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Spenser.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><mhw>{ <hw>Re*cule"</hw> <pr>(r?*k?l")</pr>, <hw>Re*cule"ment</hw> <pr>(-m<it>e</it>nt)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>reculement</ets>.]</ety> <def>Recoil.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*cumb"</hw> <pr>(-k?m")</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>recumbere</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> back + <ets>cumbere</ets> (in comp.), akin to <ets>cubare</ets> to lie down.]</ety> <def>To lean; to recline; to repose.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>J. Allen (1761).</au></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*cum"bence</hw> <pr>(r?*k?m"b<it>e</it>ns)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of leaning, resting, or reclining; the state of being recumbent.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*cum"ben*cy</hw> <pr>(-b<it>e</it>n*s?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Recumbence.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*cum"bent</hw> <pr>(-b<it>e</it>t)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>recumbens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>recumbere</ets>. See <er>Recumb</er>, <er>Incumbent</er>.]</ety> <def>Leaning; reclining; lying; <as>as, the <ex>recumbent</ex> posture of the Romans at their meals</as>. Hence, figuratively; Resting; inactive; idle.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Re*cum"bent*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*cu"per*a*ble</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*k&umacr;`p&etilde_;r*&adot_;*b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf.F. <ets>r&eacute;cup&eacute;rable</ets>. See <er>Recover</er>.]</ety> <def>Recoverable.</def>  <rj><au>Sir T. Elyot.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*cu"per*ate</hw> <pr>(-?t)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Recuperated</conjf> <pr>(-?`t?d)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Recuperating</conjf>.]</vmorph> <ety>[L. <ets>recuperatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>recuperare</ets>. See <er>Recover</er> to get again.]</ety> <def>To recover health; to regain strength; to convalesce.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*cu"per*ate</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To recover; to regain; <as>as, to <ex>recuperate</ex> the health or strength</as>.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*cu`per*a"tion</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*k&umacr;`p&etilde_;r*&amacr;"sh&ubreve;n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>recuperatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>r&eacute;cup&eacute;ration</ets>.]</ety> <def>Recovery, as of anything lost, especially of the health or strength.</def><br/>
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<p><mhw>{ <hw>Re*cu"per*a*tive</hw> <pr>(-?*t?v)</pr>, <hw>Re*cu"per*a*to*ry</hw> <pr>(-?*t?*r?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>recuperativus</ets>, <ets>recuperatorius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to recuperation; tending to recovery.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*cu"per*a`tor</hw> <pr>(r?*k?"pp?r*?`t?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. L. <ets>recuperator</ets> a recoverer.]</ety> <fld>(Steel Manuf.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Regenerator</er>.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*cur"</hw> <pr>(r?*k?r")</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Recurred</conjf> <pr>(-k?rd")</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Recurring</conjf>.]</vmorph> <ety>[L. <ets>recurrere</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>currere</ets> to run. See <er>Current</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To come back; to return again or repeatedly; to come again to mind.</def><br/>
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<p><q>When any word has been used to signify an idea, the old idea will <qex>recur</qex> in the mind when the word is heard.</q> <rj><qau>I. Watts.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To occur at a stated interval, or according to some regular rule; <as>as, the fever will <ex>recur</ex> to-night</as>.</def><br/>
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<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>To resort; to have recourse; to go for help.</def><br/>
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<p><q>If, to avoid succession in eternal existence, they <qex>recur</qex> to the &ldquo;punctum stans&rdquo; of the schools, they will thereby very little help us to a more positive idea of infinite duration.</q> <rj><qau>Locke.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><cs><col><b>Recurring decimal</b></col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>a circulating decimal. See under <er>Decimal</er>.</cd> -- <col><b>Recurring series</b></col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>an algebraic series in which the coefficients of the several terms can be expressed by means of certain preceding coefficients and constants in one uniform manner.</cd></cs><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*cure"</hw> <pr>(r?*k?r")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Cf. <er>Recover</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To arrive at; to reach; to attain.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Lydgate.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To recover; to regain; to repossess.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
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<p><q>When their powers, impaired through labor long,<br/>
With due repast, they had <qex>recured</qex> well.</q> <rj><qau>Spenser.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>To restore, as from weariness, sickness; or the like; to repair.</def><br/>
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<p><q>In western waves his weary wagon did <qex>recure</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Spenser.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><sn>4.</sn> <def>To be a cure for; to remedy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
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<p><q>No medicine<br/>
Might avail his sickness to <qex>recure</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Lydgate.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*cure"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Cure; remedy; recovery.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
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<p><q>But whom he hite, without <qex>recure</qex> he dies.</q> <rj><qau>Fairfax.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*cure"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Incapable of cure.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Bp. Hall.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><mhw>{ <hw>Re*cur"rence</hw> <pr>(r?*k?r"r<it>e</it>ns)</pr>, <hw>Re*cur"ren*cy</hw> <pr>(-r<it>e</it>n*s?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r&eacute;currence</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of recurring, or state of being recurrent; return; resort; recourse.</def><br/>
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<p><q>I shall insensibly go on from a rare to a frequent <qex>recurrence</qex> to the dangerous preparations.</q> <rj><qau>I. Taylor.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*cur"rent</hw> <pr>(-r<it>e</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>recurrens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>recurrere</ets>: cf.F. <ets>r&eacute;current</ets>. See <er>Recur</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Returning from time to time; recurring; <as>as, <ex>recurrent</ex> pains</as>.</def><br/>
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<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Running back toward its origin; <as>as, a <ex>recurrent</ex> nerve or artery</as>.</def><br/>
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<p><cs><col><b>Recurrent fever</b></col>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Relapsing fever</cref>, under <er>Relapsing</er>.</cd> -- <col><b>Recurrent pulse</b></col> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld>, <cd>the pulse beat which appears (when the radial artery is compressed at the wrist) on the distal side of the point of pressure through the arteries of the palm of the hand.</cd> -- <col><b>Recurrent sensibility</b></col> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld>, <cd>the sensibility manifested by the anterior, or motor, roots of the spinal cord (their stimulation causing pain) owing to the presence of sensory fibers from the corresponding sensory or posterior roots.</cd></cs><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*cur"sant</hw> <pr>(r?*k?r"s<it>a</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>recursans</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>recursare</ets> to run back, v. freq. of <ets>recurrere</ets>. See <er>Recure</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Displayed with the back toward the spectator; -- said especially of an eagle.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*cur"sion</hw> <pr>(-sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>recursio</ets>. See <er>Recur</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of recurring; return.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Boyle.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><!-- (Math.) The calculation of a mathematical expression (or a quantity) by repeating an operation on another expression which was derived by application of the same operation, on an expression which itself was the result of similar repeated applications of that same operation on prior results.  The series of operations is terminated by specifying an initial or terminal condition.<br/>
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<p>  (Computers) A programming technique in which a function calls itself as a subfunction.  Such calls may be repeated in series to arbitrary depth, provided that a terminating condition is given so that the final (deepest) call will return a value (rather than continue to recurse), which then permits the next higher call to return a value, and so forth, until the original call returns a value to the calling program. --><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*cur"vate</hw> <pr>(r?*k?r"v?t)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>recurvatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>recurvare</ets>. See <er>Re-</er>, and <er>Curvate</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Recurved.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*cur"vate</hw> <pr>(-v?t)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To bend or curve back; to recurve.</def>  <rj><au>Pennant.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Re`cur*va"tion</hw> <pr>(r?`k?r*v?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of recurving, or the state of being recurved; a bending or flexure backward.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*curve"</hw> <pr>(r?*k?rv")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To curve in an opposite or unusual direction; to bend back or down.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*curved"</hw> <pr>(r?*k?rvd")</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Curved in an opposite or uncommon direction; bent back; <as>as, a bird with a <ex>recurved</ex> bill; flowers with <ex>recurved</ex> petals.</as></def><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*cur`vi*ros"ter</hw> <pr>(r?*k?r`v?*r?s"t?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>recurvus</ets> bent back + <ets>rostrum</ets> beack; cf. F. <ets>r&eacute;curvirostre</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zool.)</fld> <def>A bird whose beak bends upward, as the avocet.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*cur`vi*ros"tral</hw> <pr>(-tr<it>a</it>l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Recurviroster</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>Having the beak bent upwards.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*cur"vi*ty</hw> <pr>(r?*k?r"v?*t?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Recurvation.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*cur"vous</hw> <pr>(-v?s)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>recurvus</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re + <ets>curvus</ets> curved.]</ety> <def>Recurved.</def>  <rj><au>Derham.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*cu"san*cy</hw> <pr>(r?*k?"z<it>a</it>n*s? <i>or</i> r?k"?-)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state of being recusant; nonconformity.</def>  <rj><au>Coke.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*cu"sant</hw> <pr>(-z<it>a</it>t; 277)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos><ety>[L. <ets>recusans</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>recure</ets> to refuse, to oject to; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re + <ets>causa</ets> a cause, pretext: cf. F. <ets>r&eacute;cusant</ets>. See <er>Cause</er>, and cf. <er>Ruse</er>.]</ety> <def>Obstinate in refusal; specifically, in English history, refusing to acknowledge the supremacy of the king in the churc, or to conform to the established rites of the church; <as>as, a <ex>recusant</ex> lord</as>.</def><br/>
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<p><q>It stated him to have placed his son in the household of the Countess of Derby, a <qex>recusant</qex> papist.</q> <rj><qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*cu"sant</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who is obstinate in refusal; one standing out stubbornly against general practice or opinion.</def><br/>
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<p><q>The last rebellious <qex>recusants</qex> among the European family of nations.</q> <rj><qau>De Quincey.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Eng. Hist.)</fld> <def>A person who refuses to acknowledge the supremacy of the king in matters of religion; <as>as, a Roman Catholic <ex>recusant</ex>, who acknowledges the supremacy of the pope</as>.</def>  <rj><au>Brande &amp; C.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>One who refuses communion with the Church of England; a nonconformist.</def><br/>
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<p><q>All that are <qex>recusants</qex> of holy rites.</q> <rj><qau>Holyday.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Rec`u*sa"tion</hw> <pr>(r?k`?*z?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>recusatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>r&eacute;cusation</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Refusal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
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<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Old Law)</fld> <def>The act of refusing a judge or challenging that he shall not try the cause, on account of his supposed partiality.</def>  <rj><au>Blackstone.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*cu"sa*tive</hw> <pr>(r?*k?"z?*t?v)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Refusing; denying; negative.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>  <rj><au>Jer. Taylor.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>re*cuse"</hw> <pr>(r?*k?z")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>r&eacute;cuser</ets>, or L. <ets>recusare</ets>. See <er>Recusant</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To refuse or reject, as a judge; to challenge that the judge shall not try the cause.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Sir K. Digby.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>re*cuse"</hw> <pr>(r?*k?z")</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To withdraw oneself from serving as a judge or other decision-maker in order to avoid a real or apparent conflict of interest; -- often used with the reflexive; <as>as, the judge <ex>recused</ex> himself due to a financial interest in the matter</as>.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*cus"sion</hw> <pr>(r?*k?sh"?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>recutire</ets>, <ets>recussum</ets>, to beat back; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>quatere</ets> to shake.]</ety> <def>The act of beating or striking back.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Red</hw> <pr>(r&ebreve_;d)</pr>, <mark>obs.</mark> <def><pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> of <er>Read</er>.</def>  <rj><au>Spenser.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Red</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To put on order; to make tidy; also, to free from entanglement or embarrassement; -- generally with <ptcl>up</ptcl>; <as>as, to <ex>red</ex> up a house</as>.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng. &amp; Scot.]</mark><br/>
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<p><hw>Red</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <amorph>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <adjf>Redder</adjf> <pr>(-d?r)</pr>; <pos>superl.</pos> <adjf>Reddest</adjf>.]</amorph> <ety>[OE. <ets>red</ets>, <ets>reed</ets>, AS. <ets>re&aacute;d</ets>, <ets>re&oacute;d</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>r&omacr;d</ets>, OFries. <ets>r&amacr;d</ets>, D. <ets>rood</ets>, G. <ets>roht</ets>, <ets>rot</ets>, OHG. <ets>r&omacr;t</ets>, Dan. &amp; Sw. <ets>r&ouml;d</ets>, Icel. <ets>rau&eth;r</ets>, <ets>rj&omacr;&eth;r</ets>, Goth. <ets>r&aacute;uds</ets>, W. <ets>rhudd</ets>, Armor. <ets>ruz</ets>, Ir. &amp; Gael. <ets>ruadh</ets>, L. <ets>ruber</ets>, <ets>rufus</ets>, Gr. <grk>'eryqro`s</grk>, Skr. <ets>rudhira</ets>, <ets>rohita</ets>; cf. L. <ets>rutilus</ets>. &radic;113. Cf. <er>Erysipelas</er>, <er>Rouge</er>, <er>Rubric</er>, <er>Ruby</er>, <er>Ruddy</er>, <er>Russet</er>, <er>Rust</er>.]</ety> <def>Of the color of blood, or of a tint resembling that color; of the hue of that part of the rainbow, or of the solar spectrum, which is furthest from the violet part.</def> &ldquo;Fresh flowers, white and <xex>reede</xex>.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Chaucer.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><q>Your color, I warrant you, is as <qex>red</qex> as any rose.</q> <rj><qau>Shak.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><note>&hand_; <xex>Red</xex> is a general term, including many different shades or hues, as scarlet, crimson, vermilion, orange red, and the like.</note><br/>
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<p><note>&hand_; <xex>Red</xex> is often used in the formation of self-explaining compounds; as, <xex>red</xex>-breasted, <xex>red</xex>-cheeked, <xex>red</xex>-faced, <xex>red</xex>-haired, <xex>red</xex>-headed, <xex>red-</xex>skinned, <xex>red</xex>-tailed, <xex>red-</xex>topped, <xex>red-</xex>whiskered, <xex>red</xex>-coasted.</note><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Red admiral</b></col> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld>, <cd>a beautiful butterfly (<spn>Vanessa Atalanta</spn>) common in both Europe and America. The front wings are crossed by a broad orange red band. The larva feeds on nettles. Called also <altname>Atalanta butterfly</altname>, and <altname>nettle butterfly</altname>.</cd> -- <col><b>Red ant</b></col>. <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small ant (<spn>Myrmica molesta</spn>) which often infests houses</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A larger reddish ant (<spn>Formica sanguinea</spn>), native of Europe and America. It is one of the slave-making species.</cd> -- <col><b>Red antimony</b></col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>kermesite. See <cref>Kermes mineral</cref> <sd>(b)</sd>, under <er>Kermes</er>.</cd> -- <col><b>Red ash</b></col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American tree (<spn>Fraxinus pubescens</spn>), smaller than the white ash, and less valuable for timber.</cd> <au>Cray.</au> -- <col><b>Red bass</b></col>. <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Redfish</er> <sd>(d)</sd>.</cd> -- <col><b>Red bay</b></col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a tree (<spn>Persea Caroliniensis</spn>) having the heartwood red, found in swamps in the Southern United States.</cd> -- <col><b>Red beard</b></col> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld>, <cd>a bright red sponge (<spn>Microciona prolifera</spn>), common on oyster shells and stones.</cd> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark> -- <col><b>Red birch</b></col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of birch (<spn>Betula nigra</spn>) having reddish brown bark, and compact, light-colored wood.</cd> <au>Gray.</au> -- <col><b>Red blindness</b></col>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Daltonism</er>.</cd> -- <col><b>Red book</b></col>, <cd>a book containing the names of all the persons in the service of the state.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col><b>Red book of the Exchequer</b></col>, <cd>an ancient record in which are registered the names of all that held lands <xex>per baroniam</xex> in the time of Henry II.</cd> <au>Brande &amp; C.</au> -- <col><b>Red brass</b></col>, <cd>an alloy containing eight parts of copper and three of zinc.</cd> -- <col><b>Red bug</b></col>. <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small mite which in Florida attacks man, and produces great irritation by its bites</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A red hemipterous insect of the genus <gen>Pyrrhocoris</gen>, especially the European species (<spn>Pyrrhocoris apterus</spn>), which is bright scarlet and lives in clusters on tree trunks.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>See <cref>Cotton stainder</cref>, under <er>Cotton</er>.</cd> -- <col><b>Red cedar</b></col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>An evergreen North American tree (<spn>Juniperus Virginiana</spn>) having a fragrant red-colored heartwood.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A tree of India and Australia (<spn>Cedrela Toona</spn>) having fragrant reddish wood; -- called also <altname>toon tree</altname> in India.</cd> <!-- p. 1203 --> -- <col><b>Red chalk</b></col>. <cd>See under <er>Chalk</er>.</cd> -- <col><b>Red copper</b></col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>red oxide of copper; cuprite.</cd> -- <col><b>Red coral</b></col> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld>, <cd>the precious coral (<spn>Corallium rubrum</spn>). See <xex>Illusts.</xex> of <er>Coral</er> and <er>Gorgonlacea</er>.</cd> -- <col><b>Red cross</b></col>. <cd>The cross of St. George, the national emblem of the English.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Geneva cross. See <cref>Geneva convention</cref>, and <cref>Geneva cross</cref>, under <er>Geneva</er>.</cd> -- <col><b>Red currant</b></col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Currant</er>.</cd> -- <col><b>Red deer</b></col>. <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The common stag (<spn>Cervus elaphus</spn>), native of the forests of the temperate parts of Europe and Asia.  It is very similar to the American elk, or wapiti.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Virginia deer. See <er>Deer</er>.</cd> -- <col><b>Red duck</b></col> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld>, <cd>a European reddish brown duck (<spn>Fuligula nyroca</spn>); -- called also <altname>ferruginous duck</altname>.</cd> -- <col><b>Red ebony</b></col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Grenadillo</er>.</cd> -- <col><b>Red empress</b></col> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld>, <cd>a butterfly. See <er>Tortoise shell</er>.</cd> -- <col><b>Red fir</b></col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a coniferous tree (<spn>Pseudotsuga Douglasii</spn>) found from British Columbia to Texas, and highly valued for its durable timber. The name is sometimes given to other coniferous trees, as the Norway spruce and the American <spn>Abies magnifica</spn> and <spn>Abies nobilis</spn>.</cd> -- <col><b>Red fire</b></col>. <fld>(Pyrotech.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Blue fire</cref>, under <er>Fire</er>.</cd> -- <col><b>Red flag</b></col>. <cd>See under <er>Flag</er>.</cd> -- <col><b>Red fox</b></col> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld>, <cd>the common American fox (<spn>Vulpes fulvus</spn>), which is usually reddish in color.</cd> -- <col><b>Red grouse</b></col> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld>, <cd>the Scotch grouse, or ptarmigan. See under <er>Ptarmigan</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col><b>Red gum</b></col>, <it>or</it> <col><b>Red gum-tree</b></col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a name given to eight Australian species of <spn>Eucalyptus</spn> (<spn>Eucalyptus amygdalina</spn>, <spn>resinifera</spn>, etc.) which yield a reddish gum resin. See <er>Eucalyptus</er>.</cd> -- <col><b>Red hand</b></col> <fld>(Her.)</fld>, <cd>a left hand appaum&eacute;, fingers erect, borne on an escutcheon, being the mark of a baronet of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland; -- called also <cref>Badge of Ulster</cref>.</cd> -- <col><b>Red herring</b></col>, <cd>the common herring dried and smoked.</cd><!-- Fig. something that merely distracts attention from the basic issue; esp. something irrelevant to the issue at hand, or something which is not true or does not exist. --> -- <col><b>Red horse</b></col>. <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Any large American red fresh-water sucker, especially <spn>Moxostoma macrolepidotum</spn> and allied species</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>See the Note under <er>Drumfish</er>. -- <col><b>Red lead</b></col>. <sd>(Chem)</sd> See under <er>Lead</er>, and <er>Minium</er>.</cd> -- <col><b>Red-lead ore</b></col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Crocoite</er>.</cd> -- <col><b>Red liquor</b></col> <fld>(Dyeing)</fld>, <cd>a solution consisting essentially of aluminium acetate, used as a mordant in the fixation of dyestuffs on vegetable fiber; -- so called because used originally for red dyestuffs.  Called also <altname>red mordant</altname>.</cd> -- <col><b>Red maggot</b></col> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld>, <cd>the larva of the wheat midge.</cd> -- <col><b>Red manganese</b></col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Rhodochrosite</er>.</cd> -- <col><b>Red man</b></col>, <cd>one of the American Indians; -- so called from his color.</cd> -- <col><b>Red maple</b></col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of maple (<spn>Acer rubrum</spn>). See <er>Maple</er>.</cd> -- <col><b>Red mite</b></col>. <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Red spider</cref>, below.</cd> -- <col><b>Red mulberry</b></col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American mulberry of a dark purple color (<spn>Morus rubra</spn>).</cd> -- <col><b>Red mullet</b></col> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld>, <cd>the surmullet. See <er>Mullet</er>.</cd> -- <col><b>Red ocher</b></col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a soft earthy variety of hematite, of a reddish color.</cd> -- <col><b>Red perch</b></col> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld>, <cd>the rosefish.</cd> -- <col><b>Red phosphorus</b></col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Phosphorus</er>.</cd> -- <col><b>Red pine</b></col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American species of pine (<spn>Pinus resinosa</spn>); -- so named from its reddish bark.</cd> -- <col><b>Red precipitate</b></col>. <cd>See under <er>Precipitate</er>.</cd> -- <col><b>Red Republican</b></col> <fld>(European Politics)</fld>, <cd>originally, one who maintained extreme republican doctrines in <country>France</country>, -- because a red liberty cap was the badge of the party; an extreme radical in social reform.</cd> <mark>[Cant]</mark> -- <col><b>Red ribbon</b></col>, <cd>the ribbon of the Order of the Bath in England.</cd> -- <col><b>Red sanders</b></col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Sanders</er>.</cd> -- <col><b>Red sandstone</b></col>. <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Sandstone</er>.</cd> -- <col><b>Red scale</b></col> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld>, <cd>a scale insect (<spn>Aspidiotus aurantii</spn>) very injurious to the orange tree in <state>California</state> and <country>Australia</country>.</cd> -- <col><b>Red silver</b></col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>an ore of silver, of a ruby-red or reddish black color. It includes <stype>proustite</stype>, or light red silver, and <stype>pyrargyrite</stype>, or dark red silver.</cd> -- <col><b>Red snapper</b></col> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld>, <cd>a large fish (<spn>Lutjanus aya</spn> syn. <spn>Lutjanus Blackfordii</spn>) abundant in the <geog>Gulf of Mexico</geog> and about the <state>Florida</state> reefs.</cd> -- <col><b>Red snow</b></col>, <cd>snow colored by a mocroscopic unicellular alga (<spn>Protococcus nivalis</spn>) which produces large patches of scarlet on the snows of arctic or mountainous regions.</cd> -- <col><b>Red softening</b></col> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>a form of cerebral softening in which the affected parts are red, -- a condition due either to infarction or inflammation.</cd> -- <col><b>Red spider</b></col> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld>, <cd>a very small web-spinning mite (<spn>Tetranychus telarius</spn>) which infests, and often destroys, plants of various kinds, especially those cultivated in houses and conservatories.  It feeds mostly on the under side of the leaves, and causes them to turn yellow and die.  The adult insects are usually pale red.  Called also <altname>red mite</altname>.</cd> -- <col><b>Red squirrel</b></col> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld>, <cd>the chickaree.</cd> -- <col><b>Red tape</b></col>, <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>the tape used in public offices for tying up documents, etc.</cd>  <specif>Hence,</specif> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>official formality and delay; excessive bureaucratic paperwork.</cd> -- <col><b>Red underwing</b></col> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld>, <cd>any species of noctuid moths belonging to <gen>Catacola</gen> and allied genera.  The numerous species are mostly large and handsomely colored.  The under wings are commonly banded with bright red or orange.</cd> -- <col><b>Red water</b></col>, <cd>a disease in cattle, so called from an appearance like blood in the urine.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Red</hw> <pr>(r?d)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The color of blood, or of that part of the spectrum farthest from violet, or a tint resembling these.</def> &ldquo;Celestial rosy <xex>red</xex>, love's proper hue.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Milton.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>A red pigment.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <fld>(European Politics)</fld> <def>An abbreviation for <xex>Red Republican</xex>. See under Red, <pos>a.</pos></def> <mark>[Cant]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>4.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The menses.</def>  <rj><au>Dunglison.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><!-- 5. Informal name for a Communist. --><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>English red</b></col>, <cd>a pigment prepared by the Dutch, similar to Indian red.</cd> -- <col><b>Hypericum red</b></col>, <cd>a red resinous dyestuff extracted from Hypericum.</cd> -- <col><b>Indian red</b></col>. <cd>See under <er>Indian</er>, and <er>Almagra</er>.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*dact"</hw> <pr>(r?*d?kt")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>redactus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>redigere</ets>; pref. <ets>red-</ets>, <ets>re-</ets>, again, back + <ets>agere</ets> to put in motion, to drive.]</ety> <def>To reduce to form, as literary matter; to digest and put in shape (matter for publication); to edit.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>&Verbar;R&eacute;`dac`teur"</hw> <pr>(r&auptack_;`d&adot_;k`t&etilde_;r")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>See <er>Redactor</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*dac"tion</hw> <pr>(r?*d?k"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>r&eacute;daction</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of redacting; work produced by redacting; a digest.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*dac"tor</hw> <pr>(-t?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who redacts; one who prepares matter for publication; an editor.</def>  <rj><au>Carlyle.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*dan"</hw> <pr>(r?*d?n")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., for OF. <ets>redent</ets> a double notching or jagging, as in the teeth of a saw, fr. L. pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>dens</ets>, <ets>dentis</ets>, a tooth.  Cf. <er>Redented</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written sometimes <asp>redent</asp> and <asp>redens</asp>.]</altsp> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>A work having two parapets whose faces unite so as to form a salient angle toward the enemy.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>A step or vertical offset in a wall on uneven ground, to keep the parts level.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Red*ar"gue</hw> <pr>(r?d*?r"g?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Redargued</conjf> <pr>(-g?d)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Redarguing</conjf>.]</vmorph> <ety>[L. <ets>redarguere</ets>; pref. <ets>red-</ets>, <ets>re-</ets> re- +  <ets>arguere</ets> to accuse, charge with: cf. F. <ets>r&eacute;darguer</ets>.]</ety> <def>To disprove; to refute; toconfute; to reprove; to convict.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>How shall I . . . suffer that God should <qex>redargue</qex> me at doomsday, and the angels reproach my lukewarmness?</q> <rj><qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Now this objection to the immediate cognition of external objects has, as far as I know, been <qex>redargued</qex> in three different ways.</q> <rj><qau>Sir W. Hamilton.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Red`ar*gu"tion</hw> <pr>(r?d`?r*g?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>redargutio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of redarguing; refutation.</def> <mark>[Obs. or R.]</mark>  <rj><au>Bacon.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Red`ar*gu"to*ry</hw> <pr>(-t?*r?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining to, or containing, redargution; refutatory.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Red"back`</hw> <pr>(r?d"b?k`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>The dunlin.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Red"bel`ly</hw> <pr>(-b?l`l?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>The char.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Red"bird`</hw> <pr>(-b?rd`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The cardinal bird.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The summer redbird (<spn>Piranga rubra</spn>).</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The scarlet tanager. See <er>Tanager</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Red"breast`</hw> <pr>(-br?st`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The European robin.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The American robin. See <er>Robin</er>.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The knot, or red-breasted snipe; -- called also <altname>robin breast</altname>, and <altname>robin snipe</altname>. See <er>Knot</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>The long-eared pondfish. See <er>Pondfish</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Red"bud`</hw> <pr>(-b?d`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A small ornamental leguminous tree of the American species of the genus <gen>Cercis</gen>. See <cref>Judas tree</cref>, under <er>Judas</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Red"cap`</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l)</fld> <def>The European goldfinch.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>A specter having long teeth, popularly supposed to haunt old castles in Scotland.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>  <rj><au>Jamieson.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Red"coat`</hw> <pr>(-k&omacr;t`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who wears a red coat; specifically, a red-coated British soldier.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Red Cross</hw>. <sn>1.</sn> <def>The crusaders or the cause they represented.</def><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn>  <def>A hospital or ambulance service established as a result of, though not provided for by, the Geneva convention of 1864; any of the national societies for alleviating the sufferings of the sick and wounded war, also giving aid and relief during great calamities; also, a member or worker of such a society; -- so called from the badge of neutrality; the Geneva cross.</def> <note>In islamic countries, a similarly motivated affiliated organization is called the <contr>Red Crescent</contr>.  The American Red Cross was founded in 1881, largely due to the initiative of Clara Barton.  The <a HREF="http://www.redcross.org">American Red Cross</a> maintains a web page on the internet, where additional information can be found.</note><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source> <source>+PJC</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Red"de</hw> <pr>(-de)</pr>, <def><pos>obs. imp.</pos> of <er>Read</er>, or <er>Rede</er>.</def>  <rj><au>Chaucer.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Red"den</hw> <pr>(r?d"d'n)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Reddened</conjf> <pr>(-d'nd)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Reddening</conjf>.]</vmorph> <ety>[From <er>Red</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <def>To make red or somewhat red; to give a red color to.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Red"den</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To grow or become red; to blush.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Appius <qex>reddens</qex> at each word you speak.</q> <rj><qau>Pope.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>He no sooner saw that her eye glistened and her cheek <qex>reddened</qex> than his obstinacy was at once subbued.</q> <rj><qau>Sir W. SCott.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>&Verbar;Red*den"dum</hw> <pr>(r?d*d?n"d?m)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Neut. of L. <ets>reddendus</ets> that must be given back or yielded, gerundive of <ets>reddere</ets>. See <er>Reddition</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A clause in a deed by which some new thing is reserved out of what had been granted before; the clause by which rent is reserved in a lease.</def>  <rj><au>Cruise.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Red"dish</hw> <pr>(r?d"d?sh)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Somewhat red; moderately <er>red</er>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Red"dish*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Red*di"tion</hw> <pr>(r?d*d?sh"?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos><ety>[L.  <ets>redditio</ets>, fr.  <ets>reddere</ets> to give back, to return: cf. F.  <ets>reddition</ets>. See <er>Render</er>.]</ety><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>1.</sn> <def>Restoration: restitution: surrender.</def>  <rj><au>Howell.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Explanation; representation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>The <qex>reddition</qex> or application of the comparison.</q> <rj><qau>Chapman.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Red"di**tive</hw> <pr>(r?d"d?*t?v)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>redditivus</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Answering to an interrogative or inquiry; conveying a reply; <as>as, <ex>redditive</ex> words</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Red"dle</hw> <pr>(r?d"d'l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From <er>Red</er>; cf. G. <ets>r&ouml;thel</ets>.  Cf. <er>Ruddle</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Red chalk. See under <er>Chalk</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><mhw>{ <hw>Red dog</hw>, <it>or</it> <hw>Red`-dog" flour</hw> }</mhw>. <def>The lowest grade of flour in milling. It is dark and of little expansive power, is secured largely from the germ or embryo and adjacent parts, and contains a relatively high percentage of protein. It is chiefly useful as feed for farm animals.</def><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Red"dour</hw> <pr>(r?d"d?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.  <ets>raideur</ets>, fr. <ets>raide</ets> stiff.]</ety> <def>Rigor; violence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Gower.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rede</hw> <pr>(r?d)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Read</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To advise or counsel.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Scot.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>I <qex>rede</qex> that our host here shall begin.</q> <rj><qau>Chaucer.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To interpret; to explain.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>My sweven [dream] <qex>rede</qex> aright.</q> <rj><qau>Chaucer.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rede</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Read</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Advice; counsel; suggestion.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Scot.]</mark>  <rj><au>Burns.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>There was none other remedy ne <qex>reed</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Chaucer.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>A word or phrase; a motto; a proverb; a wise saw.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> &ldquo;This <xex>rede</xex> is rife.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Spenser.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*deem"</hw> <pr>(r?*d?m")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Redeemed</conjf>. (-d&unr_;md"); <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Redeeming</conjf>.]</vmorph> <ety>[F. <ets>r&eacute;dimer</ets>, L. <ets>redimere</ets>; pref. <ets>red-</ets>, <ets>re-</ets> re- +  <ets>emere</ets>, <ets>emptum</ets>, to buy, originally, to take, cf. OIr. <ets>em</ets> (in comp.), Lith. <ets>imti</ets>.  Cf. <er>Assume</er>, <er>Consume</er>, <er>Exempt</er>, <er>Premium</er>, <er>Prompt</er>, <er>Ransom</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To purchase back; to regain possession of by payment of a stipulated price; to repurchase.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>If a man sell a dwelling house in a walled city, then he may <qex>redeem</qex> it within a whole year after it is sold.</q> <rj><qau>Lev. xxv. 29.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> Hence, specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To recall, as an estate, or to regain, as mortgaged property, by paying what may be due by force of the mortgage.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>To regain by performing the obligation or condition stated; to discharge the obligation mentioned in, as a promissory note, bond, or other evidence of debt; <as>as, to <ex>redeem</ex> bank notes with coin</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>To ransom, liberate, or rescue from captivity or bondage, or from any obligation or liability to suffer or to be forfeited, by paying a price or ransom; to ransom; to rescue; to recover; <as>as, to <ex>redeem</ex> a captive, a pledge, and the like</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q><qex>Redeem</qex> Israel, O God, out of all his troubles.</q> <rj><qau>Ps. xxv. 22.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>The Almighty from the grave<br/>
Hath me <qex>redeemed</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Sandys.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>Hence, to rescue and deliver from the bondage of sin and the penalties of God's violated law.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Christ hath <qex>redeemed</qex> us from the curse of the law, being made a curse for us.</q> <rj><qau>Gal. iii. 13.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>5.</sn> <def>To make good by performing fully; to fulfill; <as>as, to <ex>redeem</ex> one's promises.</as></def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>I will <qex>redeem</qex> all this on Percy's head.</q> <rj><qau>Shak.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>6.</sn> <def>To pay the penalty of; to make amends for; to serve as an equivalent or offset for; to atone for; to compensate; <as>as, to <ex>redeem</ex> an error</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Which of ye will be mortal, to <qex>redeem</qex><br/>
Man's mortal crime?</q> <rj><qau>Milton.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>It is a chance which does <qex>redeem</qex> all sorrows.</q> <rj><qau>Shak.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>To redeem the time</b></col>, <cd>to make the best use of it.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*deem`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(-?*b?l"?*t?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Redeemableness.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*deem"a*ble</hw> <pr>(-?*b;l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Capable of being redeemed; subject to repurchase; held under conditions permitting redemption; <as>as, a pledge securing the payment of money is <ex>redeemable</ex></as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Subject to an obligation of redemtion; conditioned upon a promise of redemtion; payable; due; <as>as, bonds, promissory notes, etc.</as> , <xex>redeemabble</xex> in gold, or in current money, or four months after date.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*deem"a*ble*ness</hw> <pr>(r?*d?m"?*b'l*n?s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state of being redeemable; redeemability.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*deem"er</hw> <pr>(r?*d?m"?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who redeems.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Specifically, the Savior of the world, Jesus Christ.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rede"less</hw> <pr>(r?d"l?s)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Without rede or counsel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`de*lib"er*ate</hw> <pr>(r?`d?*l?b"?r*?t)</pr>, <pos>v. t. &amp; i.</pos> <def>To deliberate again; to reconsider.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`de*liv"er</hw> <pr>(r?`d?*l?v"?r)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To deliver or give back; to return.</def>  <rj><au>Ay&unr_;iffe.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To deliver or liberate a second time or again.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>To report; to deliver the answer of.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> &ldquo;Shall I <xex>redeliver</xex> you e'en so?&rdquo;  <rj><au>Shak.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`de*liv"er*ance</hw> <pr>(-<it>a</it>ns)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A second deliverance.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`de*liv"er*y</hw> <pr>(-?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Act of delivering back.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>A second or new delivery or liberation.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`de*mand"</hw> <pr>(r?`d&hand_;-m?nd")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re-</ets> back, again + <ets>demand</ets>: cf. F. <ets>redemander</ets>.]</ety> <def>To demand back; to demand again.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`de*mand"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A demanding back; a second or renewed demand.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`de*mise"</hw> <pr>(-m?z")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To demise back; to convey or transfer back, as an estate.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`de*mise"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The transfer of an estate back to the person who demised it; reconveyance; <as>as, the demise and <ex>redemise</ex> of an estate</as>. See under <er>Demise</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*dem"on*strate</hw> <pr>(r?*d?m"?n*str?t <i>or</i> r?`d?*m?n"-str?t)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To demonstrate again, or anew.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Every truth of morals must be <qex>redemonstrated</qex> in the experience of the individual man before he is capable of utilizing it as a constituent of character or a guide in action.</q> <rj><qau>Lowell.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*demp"ti*ble</hw> <pr>(r?*d?mp"t?*b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Redeemable.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re-demp"tion</hw> <pr>(-sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>r&eacute;demption</ets>, L. <ets>redemptio</ets>. See <er>Redeem</er>, and cf.  <er>Ransom</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of redeeming, or the state of being redeemed; repurchase; ransom; release; rescue; deliverance; <as>as, the <ex>redemption</ex> of prisoners taken in war; the <ex>redemption</ex> of a ship and cargo</as>.</def> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The liberation of an estate from a mortgage, or the taking back of property mortgaged, upon performance of the terms or conditions on which it was conveyed; also, the right of redeeming and re&euml;ntering upon an estate mortgaged. See <cref>Equity of redemption</cref>, under <er>Equity</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>Performance of the obligation stated in a note, bill, bond, or other evidence of debt, by making payment to the holder.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>The procuring of God's favor by the sufferings and death of Christ; the ransom or deliverance of sinners from the bondage of sin and the penalties of God's violated law.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>In whom we have <qex>redemption</qex> through his blood.</q> <rj><qau>Eph. i. 7.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*demp"tion*a*ry</hw> <pr>(-?*r?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who is, or may be, redeemed.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>  <rj><au>Hakluyt.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*demp"tion*er</hw> <pr>(-?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who redeems himself, as from debt or servitude.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Formerly, one who, wishing to emigrate from Europe to America, sold his services for a stipulated time to pay the expenses of his passage.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*demp"tion*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(R.C.Ch.)</fld> <def>A monk of an order founded in 1197; -- so called because the order was especially devoted to the redemption of Christians held in captivity by the Mohammedans. Called also <altname>Trinitarian</altname>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*demp"tive</hw> <pr>(-t?v)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Serving or tending to redeem; redeeming; <as>as, the <ex>redemptive</ex> work of Christ</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*demp"tor*ist</hw> <pr>(-t?r*?st)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>r&eacute;demptoriste</ets>, fr. L. <ets>redemptor</ets> redeemer, from <ets>redinere</ets>. See <er>Redeem</er>.]</ety> <fld>(R.C.Ch.)</fld> <def>One of the Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer, founded in Naples in 1732 by St. Alphonsus Maria de Liquori. It was introduced onto the United States in 1832 at Detroit. The Fathers of the Congregation devote themselves to preaching to the neglected, esp. in missions and retreats, and are forbidden by their rule to engage in the instruction of youth.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*demp"to*ry</hw> <pr>(-t?*r?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Paid for ransom; serving to redeem.</def> &ldquo;Hector's <xex>redemptory</xex> price.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Chapman.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*demp"ture</hw> <pr>(-t?r; 135)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Redemption.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*dent"ed</hw> <pr>(r?*d?nt"?d)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From OF. <ets>redent</ets>. See <er>Redan</er>.]</ety> <def>Formed like the teeth of a saw; indented.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`de*pos"it</hw> <pr>(r?`d?*p?z"?t)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To deposit again.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`de*scend"</hw> <pr>(-s?nd")</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re-</ets> + <ets>descend</ets>: cf. F. <ets>redescendre</ets>.]</ety> <def>To descend again.</def>  <rj><au>Howell.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`de*vel"op</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t. &amp; i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To develop again;</def> <specif>specif.</specif> <fld>(Photog.)</fld>, <def>to intensify (a developed image), as by bleaching with mercuric chloride and subsequently subjecting anew to a developing agent.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>to rebuild an urban area, usually commercial but sometimes residential; -- typically involving some portion of government involvement and expenditure.</def><br/>
[<source>PJC</source>]</p>

<p> -- <wordforms><wf>Re`de*vel"op*er</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> -- <wf>Re`de*vel"op*ment</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`de*vel"op*ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>the rebuilding of an urban area, usually a commercial district but sometimes residential or industrial, and typically involving some portion of government involvement and expenditure; <as>to organize a municipal <ex>redevelopment</ex> agency</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>PJC</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Red"eye`</hw> <pr>(r&ebreve_;d"&imacr;`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The rudd.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Same as <er>Redfish</er> <sd>(d)</sd>.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The goggle-eye, or fresh-water rock bass.</def> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>A scheduled public conveyance, such as a train or airplane, which travels late at night or overnight.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> <br/>
[<source>PJC</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Red"fin`</hw> <pr>(-f?n`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>A small North American dace (<spn>Minnilus cornutus</spn>, or <spn>Notropis megalops</spn>). The male, in the breeding season, has bright red fins. Called also <altname>red dace</altname>, and <altname>shiner</altname>. Applied also to <spn>Notropis ardens</spn>, of the Mississippi valley.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Red"finch`</hw> <pr>(-f&ibreve_;nch`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>The European linnet.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Red"fish`</hw> <pr>(r&ebreve_;d"f&ibreve_;sh`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The blueback salmon of the North Pacific; -- called also <altname>nerka</altname>. See <er>Blueback</er> <sd>(b)</sd>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The rosefish.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A large California labroid food fish (<spn>Trochocopus pulcher</spn>); -- called also <altname>fathead</altname>.</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <def>The red bass, red drum, or drumfish. See the Note under <er>Drumfish</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Red"-gum`</hw> <pr>(-g?m`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>reed gounde</ets>; AS. <ets>re&aacute;d</ets> red +  <ets>gund</ets> matter, pus.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An eruption of red pimples upon the face, neck, and arms, in early infancy; tooth rash; strophulus.</def>  <rj><au>Good.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>A name of rust on grain. See <er>Rust</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><!-- p. 1204 --></p>

<p><mhw>{ <hw>Red"-hand`</hw> <pr>(r?d"h?nd`)</pr>, <hw>Red"-hand`ed</hw> <pr>(-h?nd`?d)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a. <i>or</i> adv.</pos> <def>Having hands red with blood; in the very act, as if with red or bloody hands; -- said of a person taken in the act of homicide; hence, fresh from the commission of crime; <as>as, he was taken <ex>red-hand</ex> or <ex>red-handed</ex></as>.</def>
<!-- usu. caught red-handed --><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Red"head`</hw> <pr>(-h?d`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A person having red hair.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An American duck (<spn>Aythya Americana</spn>) highly esteemed as a game bird. It is closely allied to the canvasback, but is smaller and its head brighter red. Called also <altname>red-headed duck</altname>. <altname>American poachard</altname>, <altname>grayback</altname>, and <altname>fall duck</altname>. See <xex>Illust.</xex> under <er>Poachard</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The red-headed woodpecker. See <er>Woodpecker</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A kind of milkweed (<spn>Asclepias Curassavica</spn>) with red flowers. It is used in medicine.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Red`hi*bi"tion</hw> <pr>(r?d`h?*b?sh"?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>redhibitio</ets> a taking back.]</ety> <fld>(Civil Law)</fld> <def>The annulling of a sale, and the return by the buyer of the article sold, on account of some defect.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Red*hib"i*to*ry</hw> <pr>(r?d*h?b"?*t?*r?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>redhibitorius</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Civil Law)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to redhibition; <as>as, a <ex>redhibitory</ex> action or fault</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Red"hoop`</hw> <pr>(r?d"h??p`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>The male of the European bullfinch.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Red"horn`</hw> <pr>(-h?rn`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>Any species of a tribe of butterflies (<spn>Fugacia</spn>) including the common yellow species and the cabbage butterflies. The antenn&aelig; are usually red.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Red"-hot`</hw> <pr>(-h?t`)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Red with heat; heated to redness; <as>as, <ex>red-hot</ex> iron; <ex>red-hot</ex> balls</as>. Hence, figuratively, excited; violent; <as>as, a <ex>red-hot</ex> radical</as>.</def>  <rj><au>Shak.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>&Verbar;Re"di*a</hw> <pr>(r?"d?*?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu><it>pl.</it> L. <plw>Redi&aelig;</plw> (-&emacr;), E. <plw>Redias</plw> <pr>(-&unr_;z)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[NL.; of uncertain origin.]</ety> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>A kind of larva, or nurse, which is prroduced within the sporocyst of certain trematodes by asexual generation. It in turn produces, in the same way, either another generation of redi&aelig;, or else cercari&aelig; within its own body. Called also <altname>proscolex</altname>, and <altname>nurse</altname>. See <xex>Illustration</xex> in Appendix.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re"di*ent</hw> <pr>(r?"d?-<it>e</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>rediens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>redire</ets> to return; pref. <ets>red-</ets>  + <ets>ire</ets> to go.]</ety> <def>Returning.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>&Verbar;Re*dif"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Turk. <ets>red&imacr;f</ets>, fr. <ets>rad&imacr;f</ets>, orig., he who rides behind another on the same beast, fr. <ets>radaf</ets> to follow.]</ety> <def>A reserve force in the Turkish army, or a soldier of the reserve. See <er>Army organization</er>, above.</def><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`di*gest"</hw> <pr>(r?`d?*j?st")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To digest, or reduce to form, a second time.</def>  <rj><au>Kent.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`di*min"ish</hw> <pr>(-m?n"?sh)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To diminish again.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Red"in*gote</hw> <pr>(r&ebreve_;d"&ibreve_;n*g&omacr;t)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., corrupted from E. <ets>riding coat</ets>.]</ety> <def>A long plain double-breasted outside coat for women.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*din"te*grate</hw> <pr>(r?*d?n"t?*gr?t)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>redintegratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>redintegrare</ets> to restore; pref. <ets>red-</ets>, <ets>re-</ets>, re- + <ets>integrare</ets> to make whole, to renew, fr. <ets>integer</ets> whole. See <er>Integer</er>.]</ety> <def>Restored to wholeness or a perfect state; renewed.</def>  <rj><au>Bacon.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*din"te*grate</hw> <pr>(-gr?t)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To make whole again; a renew; to restore to integrity or soundness.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>The English nation seems obliterated. What could <qex>redintegrate</qex> us again?</q> <rj><qau>Coleridge.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*din`te*gra"tion</hw> <pr>(-gr?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>redintegratio</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Restoration to a whole or sound state; renewal; renovation.</def>  <rj><au>Dr. H. More.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Restoration of a mixed body or matter to its former nature and state.</def> <mark>[Achaic.]</mark>  <rj><au>Coxe.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Psychology)</fld> <def>The law that objects which have been previously combined as part of a single mental state tend to recall or suggest one another; -- adopted by many philosophers to explain the phenomena of the association of ideas.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`di*rect"</hw> <pr>(r?`d?*r?kt")</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Applied to the examination of a witness, by the party calling him, after the cross-examination.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`dis*burse"</hw> <pr>(r?`d?s*b?rs")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To disburse anew; to give, or pay, back.</def>  <rj><au>Spenser.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`dis*cov"er</hw> <pr>(-k?v"?r)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To discover again.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`dis*pose"</hw> <pr>(-p?z")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To dispose anew or again; to readjust; to rearrange.</def>  <rj><au>A. Baxter.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`dis*seize"</hw> <pr>(-s?z")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To disseize anew, or a second time.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>redisseise</asp>.]</altsp><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`dis*sei"zin</hw> <pr>(-s?"z?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A disseizin by one who once before was adjudged to have dassezed the same person of the same lands, etc.; also, a writ which lay in such a case.</def>  <rj><au>Blackstone.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`dis*sei"zor</hw> <pr>(-z?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One who redisseizes.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`dis*solve"</hw> <pr>(r?`d?z*z?lv")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To dissolve again.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`dis*till"</hw> <pr>(r?`d?s*t?l")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To distill again.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`dis*train"er</hw> <pr>(-tr?n"?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who distrains again.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`dis*trib"ute</hw> <pr>(-tr?b"?t)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To distribute again.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p>-- <wordforms><wf>Re*dis`tri*bu"tion</wf> <pr>(-tr&unr_;*b&unr_;"sh&unr_;n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*dis"trict</hw> <pr>(-tr?kt)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To divide into new districts.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*di"tion</hw> <pr>(r?*d?sh"?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>reditio</ets>, fr. <ets>redire</ets>. See <er>Redient</er>.]</ety> <def>Act of returning; return.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Chapman.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`di*vide"</hw> <pr>(r?`d?*v?d")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To divide anew.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>&Verbar;Red`i*vi"vus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L., fr. pref. <ets>red-</ets>, <ets>re-</ets>, re- + <ets>vivus</ets> alive.]</ety> <def>Living again; revived; restored.</def><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><mhw>{ <hw>Red"leg`</hw> <pr>(r?d"l?g`)</pr>, <hw>Red`legs`</hw> <pr>(-l?gz`)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The redshank.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The turnstone.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Red"-let`ter</hw> <pr>(-l?t`t?r)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining to a red letter; marked by red letters.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Red-letter day</b></col>, <cd>a day that is fortunate or auspicious; -- so called in allusion to the custom of marking holy days, or saints' days, in the old calendars with red letters.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Red-light district</hw>. <def>A district or neighborhood in which houses of prostitution are located; -- so called in allusion to the red light kept in front of many such resorts at night.</def> <mark>[Colloq. or Cant]</mark><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source> <source>+PJC</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Red light</hw>. <sn>1.</sn> <def>an electrically operated set of lights at a road intersection which has different lights visible to traffic from different directions, designed to control vehicle traffic through the intersection.  Each set of lights typically has a colored red light and also green and amber lights; the color of the light which is lighted at any one time changes automatically to control the flow of traffic through the intersection, allowing flow from different directions in alternating succession.  Also called <altname><er>traffic light</er></altname>, <altname>traffic signal</altname> or <altname><er>stop light</er></altname>.  When the red light is illuminated the signal means to stop; green means to go; and amber means to stop or procede through the intersection with caution.  In simple intersections of two roads, a red light visible to traffic on one road will usually be accompanied by a green light visible to traffic on the intersecting road.  In some locations the lights may be set to be illuminated in other sequences or combinations; a blinking red light is typically equivalent to a &ldquo;stop&rdquo; sign, and a blinking amber light typically means &ldquo;procede with caution&rdquo;.</def><br/>
[<source>PJC</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>the condition of a traffic light when the signal visible to the driver of a vehicle is red, signalling that the vehicle must stop and not enter the intersection; <as>I got seven <ex>red lights</ex> on the way to work</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>PJC</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>figuratively, a sign or signal that one must stop doing what one is presently doing; <as>as, a fatal side effect is often a <ex>red light</ex> to continuation of a clinical trial</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>PJC</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Red"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a red manner; with redness.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Red"mouth`</hw> <pr>(-mouth`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>Any one of several species of marine food fishes of the genus <gen>Diabasis</gen>, or <gen>H&aelig;mulon</gen>, of the Southern United States, having the inside of the mouth bright red. Called also <altname>flannelmouth</altname>, and <altname>grunt</altname>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Red"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>re&aacute;dness</ets>. See <er>Red</er>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of being red; red color.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><mhw>{ <hw>Red"o*lence</hw> <pr>(r?d"?*l<it>e</it>ns)</pr>, <hw>Red"o*len*cy</hw> <pr>(-l<it>e</it>n*s?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of being redolent; sweetness of scent; pleasant odor; fragrance.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Red"o*lent</hw> <pr>(-l<it>e</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>redolens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>redolere</ets> to emit a scent, diffuse an odor; pref. <ets>red-</ets>, <ets>re-</ets>, re- + <ets>olere</ets> to emit a smell. See <er>Odor</er>.]</ety> <def>Diffusing odor or fragrance; spreading sweet scent; scented; odorous; smelling; -- usually followed by <xex>of</xex>.</def>  &ldquo;Honey <xex>redolent</xex> of spring.&rdquo; <au>Dryden.</au> -- <wordforms><wf>Red"o*lent*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Gales . . . <qex>redolent</qex> of joy and youth.</q> <rj><qau>Gray.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*dou"ble</hw> <pr>(r?*d?b"'l)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re-</ets> + <ets>double</ets>: cf. F. <ets>redoubler</ets>.  Cf. <er>Reduplicate</er>.]</ety> <def>To double again or repeatedly; to increase by continued or repeated additions; to augment greatly; to multiply.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>So they<br/>
Doubly <qex>redoubled</qex> strokes upon the foe.</q> <rj><qau>Shak.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><!-- v. t. 2. (Contract bridge) To bid a redouble.<br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p>   <pos>n.</pos> An optional bid made by the side currently holding the highest bid for the contract, after the opposing side has doubled.  This bid increases the score for successfully making the contract, and increases the penalties for failing.  The score or penalty depends on the number of tricks over or under the contract, according to a defined schedule, and depending on the vulnerability of the side attempting the contract. --><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*dou"ble</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To become greatly or repeatedly increased; to be multiplied; to be greatly augmented; <as>as, the noise <ex>redoubles</ex></as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*doubt"</hw> <pr>(r?*dout")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>redoute</ets>, fem., It. <ets>ridotto</ets>, LL. <ets>reductus</ets>, literally, a retreat, from L. <ets>reductus</ets> drawn back, retired, p. p. of <ets>reducere</ets> to lead or draw back; cf. F. <ets>r&eacute;duit</ets>, also fr. LL. <ets>reductus</ets>. See <er>Reduce</er>, and cf. <er>Reduct</er>, <er>R&eacute;duit</er>, <er>Ridotto</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A small, and usually a roughly constructed, fort or outwork of varying shape, commonly erected for a temporary purpose, and without flanking defenses, -- used esp. in fortifying tops of hills and passes, and positions in hostile territory.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>In permanent works, an outwork placed within another outwork. See <xex>F</xex> and <xex>i</xex> in <xex>Illust.</xex> of <er>Ravelin</er>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>redout</asp>.]</altsp><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*doubt"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>redouter</ets>, formerly also spelt <ets>redoubter</ets>; fr. L. pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>dubitare</ets> to doubt, in LL., to fear. See <er>Doubt</er>.]</ety> <def>To stand in dread of; to regard with fear; to dread.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*doubt"a*ble</hw> <pr>(-?*b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>redoutable</ets>, formerly also spelt <ets>redoubtable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Formidable; dread; terrible to foes; <as>as, a <ex>redoubtable</ex> hero</as>; hence, valiant; -- often in contempt or burlesque.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>redoutable</asp>.]</altsp><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*doubt"ed</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Formidable; dread.</def> &ldquo;Some <xex>redoubted</xex> knight.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Spenser.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Lord regent, and <qex>redoubted</qex> Burgandy.</q> <rj><qau>Shak.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*doubt"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Reverence; honor.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>In <qex>redoutyng</qex> of Mars and of his glory.</q> <rj><qau>Chaucer.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*dound"</hw> <pr>(r?*dound")</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Redounded</conjf>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Redounding</conjf>.]</vmorph> <ety>[F. <ets>redonder</ets>, L. <ets>redundare</ets>; pref. <ets>red</ets>-, <ets>re-</ets>, re- + <ets>undare</ets> to rise in waves or surges, fr. <ets>unda</ets> a wave. See <er>Undulate</er>, and cf. <er>Redundant</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To roll back, as a wave or flood; to be sent or driven back; to flow back, as a consequence or effect; to conduce; to contribute; to result.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>The evil, soon<br/>
Driven back, <qex>redounded</qex> as a flood on those<br/>
From whom it sprung.</q> <rj><qau>Milton.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>The honor done to our religion ultimately <qex>redounds</qex> to God, the author of it.</q> <rj><qau>Rogers.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q> both . . . will devour great quantities of paper, there will no small use <qex>redound</qex> from them to that manufacture.</q> <rj><qau>Addison.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To be in excess; to remain over and above; to be redundant; to overflow.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>For every dram of honey therein found,<br/>
A pound of gall doth over it <qex>redound</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Spenser.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*dound"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The coming back, as of consequence or effect; result; return; requital.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>We give you welcome; not without <qex>redound</qex><br/>
Of use and glory to yourselves ye come.</q> <rj><qau>Tennyson.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Rebound; reverberation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>  <rj><au>Codrington.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Red"ow*a</hw> <pr>(r?d"?*?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr. Bohemian.]</ety> <def>A Bohemian dance of two kinds, one in triple time, like a waltz, the other in two-four time, like a polka. The former is most in use.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Red"pole`</hw> <pr>(r?d"p?l`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Redpoll</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Red"poll`</hw> <pr>(-p?l`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Any one of several species of small northern finches of the genus <gen>Acanthis</gen> (formerly <gen>&AElig;giothus</gen>), native of Europe and America. The adults have the crown red or rosy. The male of the most common species  (<spn>Acanthis linarius</spn>) has also the breast and rump rosy. Called also <altname>redpoll linnet</altname>. See <xex>Illust.</xex> under <er>Linnet</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The common European linnet.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The American redpoll warbler (<spn>Dendroica palmarum</spn>).</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*draft"</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;*dr&adot_;ft")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To draft or draw anew.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*draft"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A second draft or copy.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>A new bill of exchange which the holder of a protected bill draws on the drawer or indorsers, in order to recover the amount of the protested bill with costs and charges.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*draw"</hw> <pr>(r?*dr?")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp.</pos> <conjf>Redrew</conjf> <pr>(-dr?")</pr>;<pos>p. p.</pos> <conjf>Redrawn</conjf> <pr>(-dr&hand_;n")</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Redrawing</conjf>.]</vmorph> <def>To draw again; to make a second draft or copy of; to redraft.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*draw"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>To draw a new bill of exchange, as the holder of a protested bill, on the drawer or indorsers.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*dress"</hw> <pr>(r?*dr?s")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re-</ets> + <ets>dress</ets>.]</ety> <def>To dress again.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*dress"</hw> <pr>(r?*dr?s")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>redresser</ets> to straighten; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>dresser</ets> to raise, arrange. See <er>Dress.</er>]</ety><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>1.</sn> <def>To put in order again; to set right; to emend; to revise.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>The common profit could she <qex>redress</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Chaucer.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>In yonder spring of roses intermixed<br/>
With myrtle, find what to <qex>redress</qex> till noon.</q> <rj><qau>Milton.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Your wish that I should <qex>redress</qex> a certain paper which you had prepared.</q> <rj><qau>A. Hamilton.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To set right, as a wrong; to repair, as an injury; to make amends for; to remedy; to relieve from.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Those wrongs, those bitter injuries, . . . <br/>
I doubt not but with honor to <qex>redress</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Shak.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>To make amends or compensation to; to relieve of anything unjust or oppressive; to bestow relief upon.</def> &ldquo;'T is thine, O king! the afflicted to <xex>redress</xex>.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Dryden.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Will Gaul or Muscovite <qex>redress ye</qex>?</q> <rj><qau>Byron.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*dress"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of redressing; a making right; reformation; correction; amendment.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Reformation of evil laws is commendable, but for us the more necessary is a speedy <qex>redress</qex> of ourselves.</q> <rj><qau>Hooker.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>A setting right, as of wrong, injury, or opression; <as>as, the <ex>redress</ex> of grievances</as>; hence, relief; remedy; reparation; indemnification.</def>  <rj><au>Shak.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>A few may complain without reason; but there is occasion for <qex>redress</qex> when the cry is universal.</q> <rj><qau>Davenant.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>One who, or that which, gives relief; a redresser.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Fair majesty, the refuge and <qex>redress</qex><br/>
Of those whom fate pursues and wants oppress.</q> <rj><qau>Dryden.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*dress"al</hw> <pr>(r?*dr?s"<it>a</it>l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Redress.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*dress"er</hw> <pr>(-?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who redresses.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*dress"i*ble</hw> <pr>(-?*b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Such as may be redressed.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*dress"ive</hw> <pr>(-?v)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Tending to redress.</def>  <rj><au>Thomson.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*dress"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Not having redress; such as can not be redressed; irremediable.</def>  <rj><au>Sherwood.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*dress"ment</hw> <pr>(-m<it>e</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>redressement</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of redressing; redress.</def>  <rj><au>Jefferson.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Red"-rib`and</hw> <pr>(r?d"r?b`<it>a</it>nd)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>The European red band fish, or fireflame. See <er>Rend fish</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Red"root`</hw> <pr>(r?d"r?t`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A name of several plants having red roots, as the New Jersey tea (see under <er>Tea</er>), the gromwell, the bloodroot, and the <xex>Lachnanthes tinctoria</xex>, an endogenous plant found in sandy swamps from Rhode Island to Florida.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Red`sear"</hw> <pr>(r?d`s?r")</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To be brittle when red-hot; to be red-short.</def>  <rj><au>Moxon.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Red"shank`</hw> <pr>(r?d"sh?nk`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A common Old World limicoline bird (<spn>Totanus calidris</spn>), having the legs and feet pale red. The spotted redshank (<spn>Totanus fuscus</spn>) is larger, and has orange-red legs. Called also <altname>redshanks</altname>, <altname>redleg</altname>, and <altname>clee</altname>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The fieldfare.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>A bare-legged person; -- a contemptuous appellation formerly given to the Scotch Highlanders, in allusion to their bare legs.</def>  <rj><au>Spenser.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Red"-short`</hw> <pr>(-sh?rt`)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Metal.)</fld> <def>Hot-short; brittle when red-hot; -- said of certain kinds of iron.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Red"-short`ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Red"skin`</hw> <pr>(-sk?n`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A common appellation for a North American Indian; -- so called from the color of the skin.  It is now considered pejorative by some persons of North American Indian heritage.</def>  <rj><au>Cooper.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source> <source>+PJC</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Football)</fld>  <def>A member of the <memberof><org>Washington Redskins</org></memberof>, a football team.</def><br/>
[<source>PJC</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Red"start`</hw> <pr>(-st?rt`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[<ets>Red</ets> + <ets>start</ets> tail.]</ety> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A small, handsome European singing bird (<spn>Phoenicurus phoenicurus</spn>, formerly <spn>Ruticilla phoenicurus</spn>), allied to the nightingale; -- called also <altname>redtail</altname>, <altname>brantail</altname>, <altname>fireflirt</altname>, <altname>firetail</altname>.  The black redstart is <spn>Phoenicurus ochruros</spn> (formerly <spn>Phoenicurus tithys</spn>), and is now rare and protected by law in England.  The name is also applied to several other species of <spn>Ruticilla</spn> and allied genera, native of India.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An American fly-catching warbler (<spn>Setophaga ruticilla</spn>).  The male is black, with large patches of orange-red on the sides, wings, and tail.  The female is olive, with yellow patches.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source> <source>+PJC</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Red"streak`</hw> <pr>(-str?k`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A kind of apple having the skin streaked with red and yellow, -- a favorite English cider apple.</def>  <rj><au>Mortimer.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Cider pressed from redstreak apples.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Red"tail`</hw> <pr>(-t?l`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The red-tailed hawk.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The European redstart.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Red"-tailed`</hw> <pr>(-t?ld`)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having a red tail.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Red-tailed hawk</b></col> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld>, <cd>a large North American hawk (<spn>Buteo borealis</spn>). When adult its tail is chestnut red. Called also <altname>hen hawck</altname>, and <altname>red-tailed buzzard</altname>.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Red"-tape`</hw> <pr>(-t?p`)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining to, or characterized by, official formality. See <cref>Red tape</cref>, under <er>Red</er>, <pos>a.</pos></def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Red`-tap"ism</hw> <pr>(r?d`t?p"?z'm)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Strict adherence to official formalities.</def>  <rj><au>J. C. Shairp.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Red`-tap"ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who is tenacious of a strict adherence to official formalities.</def>  <rj><au>Ld. Lytton.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Red"throat`</hw> <pr>(r?d"thr?t`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>A small Australian singing bird (<spn>Phyrrhol&aelig;mus brunneus</spn>). The upper parts are brown, the center of the throat red.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Red"top`</hw> <pr>(-t?p`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A kind of grass (<spn>Agrostis vulgaris</spn>) highly valued in the United States for pasturage and hay for cattle; -- called also <altname>English grass</altname>, and in some localities <altname>herd's grass</altname>. See <xex>Illustration</xex> in Appendix. The tall redtop is <spn>Triodia seslerioides</spn>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*dub"</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*d&ubreve;b")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>radouber</ets> to refit or repair.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To refit; to repair, or make reparation for; hence, to repay or requite.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>It shall be good that you <qex>redub</qex> that negligence.</q> <rj><qau>Wyatt.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>God shall give power to <qex>redub</qex> it with some like requital to the French.</q> <rj><qau>Grafton.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To dub again.</def><br/>
[<source>PJC</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*duce"</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*d&umacr;s")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Reduced</conjf> <pr>(-d&umacr;st")</pr>,; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Reducing</conjf> <pr>(-d&umacr;"s&ibreve_;ng)</pr>.]</vmorph> <ety>[L. <ets>reducere</ets>, <ets>reductum</ets>; pref. <ets>red-</ets>. <ets>re-</ets>, re- +  <ets>ducere</ets> to lead. See <er>Duke</er>, and cf. <er>Redoubt</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To bring or lead back to any former place or condition.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>And to his brother's house <qex>reduced</qex> his wife.</q> <rj><qau>Chapman.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>The sheep must of necessity be scattered, unless the great Shephered of souls oppose, or some of his delegates <qex>reduce</qex> and direct us.</q> <rj><qau>Evelyn.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To bring to any inferior state, with respect to rank, size, quantity, quality, value, etc.; to diminish; to lower; to degrade; to impair; <as>as, to <ex>reduce</ex> a sergeant to the ranks; to <ex>reduce</ex> a drawing; to <ex>reduce</ex> expenses; to <ex>reduce</ex> the intensity of heat</as>.</def> &ldquo;An ancient but <xex>reduced</xex> family.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Sir W. Scott.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Nothing so excellent but a man may fasten upon something belonging to it, to <qex>reduce</qex> it.</q> <rj><qau>Tillotson.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Having <qex>reduced</qex><br/>
Their foe to misery beneath their fears.</q> <rj><qau>Milton.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Hester Prynne was shocked at the condition to which she found the clergyman <qex>reduced</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Hawthorne.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>To bring to terms; to humble; to conquer; to subdue; to capture; <as>as, to <ex>reduce</ex> a province or a fort</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><!-- p. 1205 --></p>

<p><sn>4.</sn> <def>To bring to a certain state or condition by grinding, pounding, kneading, rubbing, etc.; <as>as, to <ex>reduce</ex> a substance to powder, or to a pasty mass; to <ex>reduce</ex> fruit, wood, or paper rags, to pulp.</as></def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>It were but right<br/>
And equal to <qex>reduce</qex> me to my dust.</q> <rj><qau>Milton.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>5.</sn> <def>To bring into a certain order, arrangement, classification, etc.; to bring under rules or within certain limits of descriptions and terms adapted to use in computation; <as>as, to <ex>reduce</ex> animals or vegetables to a class or classes; to <ex>reduce</ex> a series of observations in astronomy; to <ex>reduce</ex> language to rules.</as></def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Arith.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>To change, as numbers, from one denomination into another without altering their value, or from one denomination into others of the same value; <as>as, to <ex>reduce</ex> pounds, shillings, and pence to pence, or to <ex>reduce</ex> pence to pounds; to <ex>reduce</ex> days and hours to minutes, or minutes to days and hours.</as></def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>To change the form of a quantity or expression without altering its value; <as>as, to <ex>reduce</ex> fractions to their lowest terms, to a common denominator, etc.</as></def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>To add an electron to an atom or ion.</def> <specif>Specifically:</specif> <def>To remove oxygen from; to deoxidize.</def> <fld>(Metallurgy)</fld> <def>To bring to the metallic state by separating from combined oxygen and impurities; <as>as, metals are <ex>reduced</ex> from their ores</as>.</def> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>  <def>To combine with, or to subject to the action of, hydrogen or any other reducing agent; <as>as, ferric iron is <ex>reduced</ex> to ferrous iron; aldehydes can be <ex>reduced</ex> to alcohols by lithium hydride;</as> -- opposed to <ant>oxidize</ant>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source> <source>+PJC</source>]</p>

<p><sn>8.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>To restore to its proper place or condition, as a displaced organ or part; <as>as, to <ex>reduce</ex> a dislocation, a fracture, or a hernia</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Reduced iron</b></col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>metallic iron obtained through deoxidation of an oxide of iron by exposure to a current of hydrogen or other reducing agent. When hydrogen is used the product is called also <stype>iron by hydrogen</stype>.</cd> -- <col><b>To reduce an equation</b></col> <fld>(Alg.)</fld>, <cd>to bring the unknown quantity by itself on one side, and all the known quantities on the other side, without destroying the equation.</cd> -- <col><b>To reduce an expression</b></col> <fld>(Alg.)</fld>, <cd>to obtain an equivalent expression of simpler form.</cd> -- <col><b>To reduce a square</b></col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>to reform the line or column from the square.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><syn><b>Syn.</b> -- To diminish; lessen; decrease; abate; shorten; curtail; impair; lower; subject; subdue; subjugate; conquer.</syn><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*duce"ment</hw> <pr>(r?*d?s"m<it>e</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Reduction.</def>  <rj><au>Milton.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*du"cent</hw> <pr>(r?*d?"s<it>e</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>reducens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>reducere</ets>.]</ety> <def>Tending to reduce.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>A reducent agent.</def></def2><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*du"cer</hw> <pr>(-s?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who, or that which, reduces.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A contrivance for reducing the dimensions of one part so as to fit it to another, as a reducing coupling, or a device for holding a drilling a chuck.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A reducing motion.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A reducing valve.</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <def>A hydraulic device for reducing pressure and hence increasing movement, used to transmit the load from the hydraulic support of the lower shackle to the lever weighing apparatus in some kinds of heavy testing machines.</def><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn>  <fld>(Photog.)</fld> <def>A reducing agent, either a developer or an agent for reducing density.</def><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><sn>4.</sn>  <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>a reducing agent.</def><br/>
[<source>PJC</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*du"ci*ble</hw> <pr>(-s?*b'll)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable of being reduced.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*du"ci*ble*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Quality of being reducible.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*du"cing</hw> <pr>(r?*d?"s?ng)</pr>, <def><pos>a &amp; n.</pos> from <er>Reduce</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Reducing furnace</b></col> <fld>(Metal.)</fld>, <cd>a furnace for reducing ores.</cd> -- <col><b>Reducing pipe fitting</b></col>, <cd>a pipe fitting, as a coupling, an elbow, a tee, etc., for connecting a large pipe with a smaller one.</cd> -- <col><b>Reducing valve</b></col>, <cd>a device for automatically maintaining a diminished pressure of steam, air, gas, etc., in a pipe, or other receiver, which is fed from a boiler or pipe in which the pressure is higher than is desired in the receiver.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*du"cing a`gent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>a substance that causes reduction of another substance in a chemical reaction, as by donating electrons or adding hydrogen atoms; <as>as, lithium hydride is a powerful <ex>reducing agent</ex></as>.</def><br/>
[<source>PJC</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*duct"</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*d&ubreve;kt")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>reductus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>reducere</ets>. See <er>Reduce</er>.]</ety> <def>To reduce.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>W. Warde.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*duc`ti*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(r?*d?k`t?*b?l"?*t?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of being reducible; reducibleness.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*duc"tion</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*d&ubreve;k"sh&ubreve;n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>r&eacute;duction</ets>, L.  <ets>reductio</ets>. See <er>Reduce</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of reducing, or state of being reduced; conversion to a given state or condition; diminution; conquest; <as>as, the <ex>reduction</ex> of a body to powder; the <ex>reduction</ex> of things to order; the <ex>reduction</ex> of the expenses of government; the <ex>reduction</ex> of a rebellious province.</as></def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Arith. &amp; Alg.)</fld> <def>The act or process of reducing. See <er>Reduce</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>, 6. and <cref>To reduce an equation</cref>, <cref>To reduce an expression</cref>, under <er>Reduce</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos></def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The correction of observations for known errors of instruments, etc.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The preparation of the facts and measurements of observations in order to deduce a general result.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>4.</sn> <def>The process of making a copy of something, as a figure, design, or draught, on a smaller scale, preserving the proper proportions.</def>  <rj><au>Fairholt.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>The bringing of a syllogism in one of the so-called imperfect modes into a mode in the first figure.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Chem. &amp; Metal.)</fld> <def>The act, process, or result of reducing{7}; <as>as, the <ex>reduction</ex> of iron from its ores; the <ex>reduction</ex> of an aldehyde into an alcohol</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The operation of restoring a dislocated or fractured part to its former place.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Reduction ascending</b></col> <fld>(Arith.)</fld>, <cd>the operation of changing numbers of a lower into others of a higher denomination, as cents to dollars.</cd> -- <col><b>Reduction descending</b></col> <fld>(Arith.)</fld>, <cd>the operation of changing numbers of a higher into others of a lower denomination, as dollars to cents.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><syn><b>Syn.</b> -- Diminution; decrease; abatement; curtailment; subjugation; conquest; subjection.</syn><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*duc"tive</hw> <pr>(-t?v)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r&eacute;ductif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Tending to reduce; having the power or effect of reducing.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>A reductive agent.</def> <au>Sir M. Hale.</au></def2><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*duc"tive*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>By reduction; by consequence.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>&Verbar;R&eacute;`duit"</hw> <pr>(r?`dw?")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. See <er>Redoubt</er>, <pos>n.</pos> ]</ety> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>A central or retired work within any other work.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><mhw>{ <hw>Re*dun"dance</hw> <pr>(r?*d?n"d<it>a</it>ns)</pr>, <hw>Re*dun"dan*cy</hw> <pr>(-d<it>a</it>n*s?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>redundantia</ets>: cf. F. <ets>redondance</ets>.]</ety><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>1.</sn> <def>The quality or state of being redundant; superfluity; superabundance; excess.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is redundant or in excess; anything superfluous or superabundant.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Labor . . . throws off <qex>redundacies</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Addison.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Surplusage inserted in a pleading which may be rejected by the court without impairing the validity of what remains.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*dun"dant</hw> <pr>(-d<it>a</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>redundans</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>redundare</ets>: cf. F. <ets>redondant</ets>. See <er>Redound</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Exceeding what is natural or necessary; superabundant; exuberant; <as>as, a <ex>redundant</ex> quantity of bile or food</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Notwithstanding the <qex>redundant</qex> oil in fishes, they do not increase fat so much as flesh.</q> <rj><qau>Arbuthnot.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Using more worrds or images than are necessary or useful; pleonastic.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Where an suthor is <qex>redundant</qex>, mark those paragraphs to be retrenched.</q> <rj><qau>I. Watts.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><syn><b>Syn.</b> -- Superfluous; superabundant; excessive; exuberant; overflowing; plentiful; copious.</syn><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*dun"dant*ly</hw> <pr>(r?*d?n"d<it>a</it>nt*l?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a refundant manner.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*du"pli*cate</hw> <pr>(r?*d?"pl?*k?t)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re-</ets> + <ets>duplicate</ets>: cf. L. <ets>reduplicatus</ets>.  Cf. <er>Redouble</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Double; doubled; reduplicative; repeated.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Valvate with the margins curved outwardly; -- said of the &unr_;stivation of certain flowers.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*du"pli*cate</hw> <pr>(-k?t)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Cf. LL. <ets>reduplicare</ets>.]</ety><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>1.</sn> <def>To redouble; to multiply; to repeat.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>To repeat the first letter or letters of (a word). See <er>Reduplication</er>, 3.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*du`pli*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(-k?sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r&eacute;duplication</ets>, L. <ets>reduplicatio</ets> repetition.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of doubling, or the state of being doubled.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Pros.)</fld> <def>A figure in which the first word of a verse is the same as the last word of the preceding verse.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Philol.)</fld> <def>The doubling of a stem or syllable (more or less modified), with the effect of changing the time expressed, intensifying the meaning, or making the word more imitative; also, the syllable thus added; <as>as, L. <xex>te</xex>tuli; <xex>po</xex>posci</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*du"pli*ca*tive</hw> <pr>(-k?*t?v)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r&eacute;duplicatif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Double; formed by reduplication; reduplicate.</def>  <rj><au>I. Watts.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Red"u*vid</hw> <pr>(r?d"?*v?d)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>reduvia</ets> a hangnail.]</ety> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>Any hemipterous insect of the genus <gen>Redivius</gen>, or family <fam>Reduvid&aelig;</fam>. They live by sucking the blood of other insects, and some species also attack man.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Red"weed`</hw> <pr>(r&ebreve_;d"w&emacr;d`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The red poppy (<spn>Papaver Rh&oelig;as</spn>).</def>  <rj><au>Dr. Prior.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Red"wing`</hw> <pr>(-w?ng`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>A European thrush (<spn>Turdus iliacus</spn>). Its under wing coverts are orange red. Called also <altname>redwinged thrush</altname>. <sd>(b)</sd> A North American passerine bird (<spn>Agelarius ph&oelig;niceus</spn>) of the family <fam>Icterid&aelig;</fam>. The male is black, with a conspicuous patch of bright red, bordered with orange, on each wing. Called also <altname>redwinged blackbird</altname>, <altname>red-winged troupial</altname>, <altname>marsh blackbird</altname>, and <altname>swamp blackbird</altname>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Red"withe`</hw> <pr>(r?d"w?th`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A west Indian climbing shrub (<spn>Combretum Jacquini</spn>) with slender reddish branchlets.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Red"wood`</hw> <pr>(-w&oobreve_;d`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A gigantic coniferous tree (<spn>Sequoia sempervirens</spn>) of California, and its light and durable reddish timber. See <er>Sequoia</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An East Indian dyewood, obtained from <spn>Pterocarpus santalinus</spn>, <spn>C&aelig;salpinia Sappan</spn>, and several other trees.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><note>&hand_; The redwood of Andaman is <spn>Pterocarpus dalbergioides</spn>; that of some parts of tropical America, several species of <spn>Erythoxylum</spn>; that of Brazil, the species of <spn>Humirium</spn>.</note><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ree</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pg. <ets>real</ets>, pl. <ets>reis</ets>. See <er>Real</er> the money.]</ety> <def>See <er>Rei</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ree</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Prov. G. <ets>r&auml;den</ets>, <ets>raden</ets>, <ets>raiten</ets>.  Cf. <er>Riddle</er> a sieve.]</ety> <def>To riddle; to sift; to separate or throw off.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</mark>  <rj><au>Mortimer.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ree"bok`</hw> <pr>(r?"b?k`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[D., literally, roebuck.]</ety> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>The peele.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>rehboc</asp> and <asp>rheeboc</asp>.]</altsp><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*&euml;ch"o</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;*&ebreve_;k"&ouptack_;)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To echo back; to reverberate again; <as>as, the hills <ex>re&euml;cho</ex> the roar of cannon</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*&euml;ch"o</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To give echoes; to return back, or be reverberated, as an echo; to resound; to be resonant.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>And a loud groan <qex>re&euml;choes</qex> from the main.</q> <rj><qau>Pope.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*&euml;ch"o</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The echo of an echo; a repeated or second echo.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Reech"y</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;ch"&ybreve_;)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Reeky</er>.]</ety> <def>Smoky; reeky; hence, begrimed with dirt.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Reed</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;d)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Red.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Chaucer.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Reed</hw>, <pos>v. &amp; n.</pos> <def>Same as <er>Rede</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Chaucer.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Reed</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The fourth stomach of a ruminant; rennet.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng. or Scot.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Reed</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>hre&oacute;d</ets>; akin to D. <ets>riet</ets>, G. <ets>riet</ets>, <ets>ried</ets>, OHG. <ets>kriot</ets>, <ets>riot</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A name given to many tall and coarse grasses or grasslike plants, and their slender, often jointed, stems, such as the various kinds of bamboo, and especially the common reed of Europe and North America (<spn>Phragmites communis</spn>).</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>A musical instrument made of the hollow joint of some plant; a rustic or pastoral pipe.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Arcadian pipe, the pastoral <qex>reed</qex><br/>
Of Hermes.</q> <rj><qau>Milton.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>An arrow, as made of a reed.</def>  <rj><au>Prior.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>4.</sn> <def>Straw prepared for thatching a roof.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A small piece of cane or wood attached to the mouthpiece of certain instruments, and set in vibration by the breath. In the clarinet it is a single fiat reed; in the oboe and bassoon it is double, forming a compressed tube.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One of the thin pieces of metal, the vibration of which produce the tones of a melodeon, accordeon, harmonium, or seraphine; also attached to certain sets or registers of pipes in an organ.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Weaving)</fld> <def>A frame having parallel flat stripe of metal or reed, between which the warp threads pass, set in the swinging lathe or batten of a loom for beating up the weft; a sley. See <er>Batten</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A tube containing the train of powder for igniting the charge in blasting.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>8.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Reeding</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Egyptian reed</b></col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the papyrus.</cd> -- <col><b>Free reed</b></col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>a reed whose edges do not overlap the wind passage, -- used in the harmonium, concertina, etc. It is distinguished from the <xex>beating</xex> or <xex>striking reed</xex> of the organ and clarinet.</cd> -- <col><b>Meadow reed grass</b></col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the <spn>Glyceria aquatica</spn>, a tall grass found in wet places.</cd> -- <col><b>Reed babbler</b></col>. <cd>See <er>Reedbird</er>.</cd> -- <col><b>Reed bunting</b></col> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <cd>A European sparrow (<spn>Emberiza sch&oelig;niclus</spn>) which frequents marshy places; -- called also <altname>reed sparrow</altname>, <altname>ring bunting</altname>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Reedling.</cd> -- <col><b>Reed canary grass</b></col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a tall wild grass (<spn>Phalaris arundinacea</spn>).</cd> -- <col><b>Reed grass</b></col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The common reed</cd>. See <er>Reed</er>, 1. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A plant of the genus <gen>Sparganium</gen>; bur reed. See under <er>Bur</er>.</cd> -- <col><b>Reed organ</b></col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>an organ in which the wind acts on a set of free reeds, as the harmonium, melodeon, concertina, etc.</cd> -- <col><b>Reed pipe</b></col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>a pipe of an organ furnished with a reed.</cd> -- <col><b>Reed sparrow</b></col>. <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Reed bunting</cref>, above.</cd> -- <col><b>Reed stop</b></col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>a set of pipes in an organ furnished with reeds.</cd> -- <col><b>Reed warbler</b></col>. <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A small European warbler (<spn>Acrocephalus streperus</spn>); -- called also <altname>reed wren</altname>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Any one of several species of Indian and Australian warblers of the genera <gen>Acrocephalus</gen>, <gen>Calamoherpe</gen>, and <gen>Arundinax</gen>. They are excellent singers.</cd> -- <col><b>Sea-sand reed</b></col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a kind of coarse grass (<spn>Ammophila arundinacea</spn>). See <cref>Beach grass</cref>, under <er>Beach</er>.</cd> -- <col><b>Wood reed grass</b></col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a tall, elegant grass (<spn>Cinna arundinacea</spn>), common in moist woods.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Reed"bird`</hw> <pr>(r?d"b?rd`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The bobolink.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One of several small Asiatic singing birds of the genera <gen>Sch&oelig;nicola</gen> and <gen>Eurycercus</gen>; -- called also <altname>reed babbler</altname>.</def>
<hw>Reed"buck"</hw> <pr>(-b?k`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Rietboc</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Reed"ed</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Civered with reeds; reedy.</def>  <rj><au>Tusser.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Formed with channels and ridges like reeds.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Reed"en</hw> <pr>(r?d"'n)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Consisting of a reed or reeds.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Through <qex>reeden</qex> pipes convey the golden flood.</q> <rj><qau>Dryden.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*&euml;d`i*fi*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(r?*?d`?*f?*k?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r&eacute;&eacute;dification</ets>. See <er>Re&euml;dify</er>.]</ety> <def>The act re&euml;difying; the state of being re&euml;dified.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*&euml;d"i*fy</hw> <pr>(r?*?d"?*ff?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re-</ets> + <ets>edify</ets>: cf. F. <ets>r&eacute;&eacute;difier</ets>, L. <ets>reaedificare</ets>.]</ety> <def>To edify anew; to build again after destruction.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>  <rj><au>Milton.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Reed"ing</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;d"&ibreve_;ng)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From 4th <er>Reed</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A small convex molding; a reed (see <xex>Illust.</xex> <sd>(i)</sd> of <er>Molding</er>); one of several set close together to decorate a surface; also, decoration by means of reedings; -- the reverse of <contr>fluting</contr>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><note>&hand_; Several <ex>reedings</ex> are often placed together, parallel to each other, either projecting from, or inserted into, the adjoining surface. The decoration so produced is then called, in general, <ex>reeding</ex>.</note><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>The nurling on the edge of a coin; -- commonly called <xex>milling</xex>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Reed"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Destitute of reeds; <as>as, <ex>reedless</ex> banks</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Reed"ling</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;d"l&ibreve_;ng)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>The European bearded titmouse (<spn>Panurus biarmicus</spn>); -- called also <altname>reed bunting</altname>, <altname>bearded pinnock</altname>, and <altname>lesser butcher bird</altname>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><note>&hand_; It is orange brown, marked with black, white, and yellow on the wings.  The male has a tuft of black feathers on each side of the face.</note><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Reed"-mace`</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;d"m&amacr;s`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The cat-tail.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Reed"work`</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;d"w&ucirc;rk`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A collective name for the reed stops of an organ.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Reed"y</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;d"&ybreve_;)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Abounding with reeds; covered with reeds.</def> &ldquo;A <xex>reedy</xex> pool.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Thomson .</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Having the quality of a reed in tone, that is, harsh and thin, as some voices.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Reef</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;f)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Akin to D. <ets>rif</ets>, G. <ets>riff</ets>, Icel. <ets>rif</ets>, Dan. <ets>rev</ets>; cf. Icel. <ets>rifa</ets> rift, rent, fissure, <ets>rifa</ets> to rive, bear.  Cf. <er>Rift</er>, <er>Rive</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A chain or range of rocks lying at or near the surface of the water. See <cref>Coral reefs</cref>, under <er>Coral</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mining.)</fld> <def>A large vein of auriferous quartz; -- so called in Australia.  Hence, any body of rock yielding valuable ore.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Reef builder</b></col> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld>, <cd>any stony coral which contributes material to the formation of coral reefs.</cd> -- <col><b>Reef heron</b></col> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld>, <cd>any heron of the genus <gen>Demigretta</gen>; <as>as, the blue <ex>reef heron</ex> (<spn>Demigretta jugularis</spn>) of Australia</as>.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Reef</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Akin to D. <ets>reef</ets>, G. <ets>reff</ets>, Sw. <ets>ref</ets>; cf. Icel. <ets>rif</ets> reef, <ets>rifa</ets> to basten together.  Cf. <er>Reeve</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>, <er>River</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>That part of a sail which is taken in or let out by means of the reef points, in order to adapt the size of the sail to the force of the wind.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><note>&hand_; From the head to the first reef-band, in square sails, is termed the <xex>first reef</xex>; from this to the next is the <xex>second reef</xex>; and so on. In fore-and-aft sails, which reef on the foot, the first reef is the lowest part.</note>  <rj><au>Totten.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Close reef</b></col>, <cd>the last reef that can be put in.</cd> -- <col><b>Reef band</b></col>. <cd>See <er>Reef-band</er> in the Vocabulary.</cd> -- <col><b>Reef knot</b></col>, <cd>the knot which is used in tying reef pointss. See <xex>Illust.</xex> under <er>Knot</er>.</cd> -- <col><b>Reef line</b></col>, <cd>a small rope formerly used to reef the courses by being passed spirally round the yard and through the holes of the reef.</cd> <au>Totten.</au> -- <col><b>Reef points</b></col>, <cd>pieces of small rope passing through the eyelet holes of a reef-band, and used reefing the sail.</cd> -- <col><b>Reef tackle</b></col>, <cd>a tackle by which the reef cringles, or rings, of a sail are hauled up to the yard for reefing.</cd> <au>Totten.</au> -- <col><b>To take a reef in</b></col>, <cd>to reduce the size of (a sail) by folding or rolling up a reef, and lashing it to the spar.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Reef</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Reefed</conjf> <pr>(r&emacr;ft)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Reefing</conjf>.]</vmorph> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To reduce the extent of (as a sail) by rolling or folding a certain portion of it and making it fast to the yard or spar.</def>  <rj><au>Totten.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>To reef the paddles</b></col>, <cd>to move the floats of a paddle wheel toward its center so that they will not dip so deeply.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><!-- p. 1206 --></p>

<p><hw>Reef"-band`</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;f"b&abreve;nd`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A piece of canvas sewed across a sail to strengthen it in the part where the eyelet holes for reefing are made.</def>  <rj><au>Totten.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Reef"er</hw> <pr>(-?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>One who reefs; -- a name often given to midshipmen.</def>  <rj><au>Marryat.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>A close-fitting lacket or short coat of thick cloth.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><!-- 3. A marijuana cigarette [Slang]. --><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Reef"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The process of taking in a reef.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Reefing bowsprit</b></col>, <cd>a bowsprit so rigged that it can easily be run in or shortened by sliding inboard, as in cutters.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Reef"y</hw> <pr>(-?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Full of reefs or rocks.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Reek</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;k)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A rick.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>B. Jonson.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Reek</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>r&emacr;c</ets>; akin to OFries. <ets>r&emacr;k</ets>, LG. &amp; D. <ets>rook</ets>, G. <ets>rauch</ets>, OHG. <ets>rouh</ets>, Dan. r&ouml;g, Sw. <ets>r&ouml;k</ets>, Icel. <ets>reykr</ets>, and to AS. <ets>re&oacute;can</ets> to reek, smoke, Icel. <ets>rj&umacr;ka</ets>, G. <ets>riechen</ets> to smell.]</ety> <def>Vapor; steam; smoke; fume.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>As hateful to me as the <qex>reek</qex> of a limekiln.</q> <rj><qau>Shak.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Reek</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Reeked</conjf> <pr>(r&emacr;kt)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Reeking</conjf>.]</vmorph> <ety>[As. <ets>r&emacr;can</ets>. See <er>Reek</er> vapor.]</ety> <def>To emit vapor, usually that which is warm and moist; to be full of fumes; to steam; to smoke; to exhale.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Few chimneys <qex>reeking</qex> you shall espy.</q> <rj><qau>Spenser.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>I found me laid<br/>
In balmy sweat, which with his beams the sun<br/>
Soon dried, and on the <qex>reeking</qex> moisture fed.</q> <rj><qau>Milton.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>The coffee rooms <qex>reeked</qex> with tobacco.</q> <rj><qau>Macaulay.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Reek"y</hw> <pr>(-?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From 2d <er>Reek</er>; cf. <er>Reechy</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Soiled with smoke or steam; smoky; foul.</def>  <rj><au>Shak.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Emitting reek.</def> &ldquo;<xex>Reeky</xex> fen.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Sir W. Scott.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Reel</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gael. <ets>righil</ets>.]</ety> <def>A lively dance of the Highlanders of Scotland; also, the music to the dance; -- often called <altname>Scotch reel</altname>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Virginia reel</b></col>, <cd>the common name throughout the United States for the old English &ldquo;country dance,&rdquo; or contradance (<xex>contredanse</xex>).</cd> <au>Bartlett.</au></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Reel</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>hre&oacute;l</ets>: cf. Icel. <ets>hr&aelig;ll</ets> a weaver's reed or sley.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A frame with radial arms, or a kind of spool, turning on an axis, on which yarn, threads, lines, or the like, are wound; <as>as, a log <ex>reel</ex>, used by seamen; an angler's <ex>reel</ex>; a garden <ex>reel</ex></as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>A machine on which yarn is wound and measured into lays and hanks, -- for cotton or linen it is fifty-four inches in circuit; for worsted, thirty inches.</def>  <rj><au>McElrath.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Agric.)</fld> <def>A device consisting of radial arms with horizontal stats, connected with a harvesting machine, for holding the stalks of grain in position to be cut by the knives.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Reel oven</b></col>, <cd>a baker's oven in which bread pans hang suspended from the arms of a kind of reel revolving on a horizontal axis.</cd>  <rj><au>Knight.</au></rj></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Reel</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;l)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Reeled</conjf> <pr>(r?ld)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Reeling</conjf>. ]</vmorph> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To roll.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>And Sisyphus an huge round stone did <qex>reel</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Spenser.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To wind upon a reel, as yarn or thread.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Reel</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;l)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Sw. <ets>ragla</ets>. See <er>2d Reel</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To incline, in walking, from one side to the other; to stagger.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>They <qex>reel</qex> to and fro, and stagger like a drunken man.</q> <rj><qau>Ps. cvii. 27.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>He, with heavy fumes oppressed,<br/>
<qex>Reeled</qex> from the palace, and retired to rest.</q> <rj><qau>Pope.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>The wagons <qex>reeling</qex> under the yellow sheaves.</q> <rj><qau>Macaulay.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To have a whirling sensation; to be giddy.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>In these lengthened vigils his brain often <qex>reeled</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Hawthorne.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Reel</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act or motion of reeling or staggering; <as>as, a drunken <ex>reel</ex></as>.</def>  <rj><au>Shak.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`&euml;*lect"</hw> <pr>(r?`?*l?kt")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To elect again; <as>as, to <ex>re&euml;lect</ex> the former governor</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`&euml;*lec"tion</hw> <pr>(-l?k"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Election a second time, or anew; <as>as, the <ex>re&euml;lection</ex> of a former chief</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Reel"er</hw> <pr>(r?l"?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who reels.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>The grasshopper warbler; -- so called from its note.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*&euml;l"i*gi*ble</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;*&ebreve_;l"&ibreve_;*j&ibreve_;*b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Eligible again; capable of re&euml;lection; <as>as, <ex>re&euml;ligible</ex> to the same office</as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Re*&euml;l`i*gi*bil"i*ty</wf> <pr>(r&emacr;*&ebreve_;l`&ibreve_;*j&ibreve_;*b&ibreve_;l"&ibreve_;*t&ybreve_;)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Reem</hw> <pr>(r?m)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Heb.]</ety> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>The Hebrew name of a horned wild animal, probably the Urus.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><note>&hand_; In King James's Version it is called <xex>unicorn</xex>; in the Revised Version,<xex>wild ox</xex>.   <au>Job xxxix. 9.</au></note><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Reem</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Cf. <er>Ream</er> to make a hole in.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To open (the seams of a vessel's planking) for the purpose of calking them.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Reeming iron</b></col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>an iron chisel for reeming the seams of planks in calking ships.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`&euml;m*bark"</hw> <pr>(r?`?m*b?rk")</pr>, <pos>v. t. &amp; i.</pos> <def>To put, or go, on board a vessel again; to embark again.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*&euml;m`bar*ka"tion</hw> <pr>(r?*?m`b?r*k?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A putting, or going, on board a vessel again.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`&euml;m*bod"y</hw> <pr>(r?`?m*b?d"?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To embody again.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`&euml;m*brace"</hw> <pr>(-br?s")</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To embrace again.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`&euml;*merge"</hw> <pr>(r?`?*m?rj")</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To emerge again.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`&euml;*mer"gence</hw> <pr>(-m?r"j<it>e</it>ns)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Act of re&euml;merging.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`&euml;n*act"</hw> <pr>(r?`?n*?kt")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To enact again.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`&euml;n*ac"tion</hw> <pr>(-?k"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of re&euml;nacting; the state of being re&euml;nacted.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`&euml;n*act"ment</hw> <pr>(-?kt"m<it>e</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The enacting or passing of a law a second time; the renewal of a law.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`&euml;n*cour"age</hw> <pr>(-k?r"?j;)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To encourage again.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`&euml;n*dow"</hw> <pr>(-dou")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To endow again.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`&euml;n*force"</hw> <pr>(-f?rs")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re-</ets> + <ets>enforce</ets>: cf. F. <ets>renforcer</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To strengthen with new force, assistance, material, or support; <as>as, to <ex>re&euml;nforce</ex> an argument; to <ex>re&euml;nforce</ex> a garment</as>;</def> <specif>especially,</specif> <def>to strengthen with additional troops, as an army or a fort, or with additional ships, as a fleet.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>reinforce</asp>.]</altsp><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Psychology)</fld> <def>To increase the likelihood that (a specific behavior) will be repeated by giving a reward or punishment to a person or animal; <as>as, to <ex>reenforce</ex> the students' willingness to study by giving awards for good grades</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>PJC</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`&euml;n*force"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Re&euml;nforce</er>, <pos>v.</pos>, and cf. <er>Ranforce</er>, <er>Reinforce</er>.]</ety> <def>Something which re&euml;nforces or strengthens.</def> <specif>Specifically:</specif> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>That part of a cannon near the breech which is thicker than the rest of the piece, so as better to resist the force of the exploding powder. See <xex>Illust.</xex> of <er>Cannon</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An additional thickness of canvas, cloth, or the like, around an eyelet, buttonhole, etc.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>reinforce</asp>.]</altsp><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re&euml;nforced concrete</hw>. <def>Concrete having within its mass a system of iron or steel supports, such as bars, rods, or a heavy mesh, to provide increased tensile strength and shear resistance.  Same as <er>Ferro-concrete</er>.</def><br/>
<syn><b>Syn. --</b> reinforced concrete.</syn>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source> <source>+PJC</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`&euml;n*force"ment</hw> <pr>(r?`?n*f?rs"m<it>e</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of re&euml;nforcing, or the state of being re&euml;nforced.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>That which re&euml;nforces; additional force; especially, additional troops or force to augment the strength of any army, or ships to strengthen a navy or fleet.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Psychology)</fld> <def>A reward or punishment which is given to a person or animal in order to increase the likelihood that a specific behavior will be repeated.</def><br/>
[<source>PJC</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`&euml;n*gage"</hw> <pr>(-g?j)</pr>, <pos>v. t. &amp; i.</pos> <def>To engage a second time or again.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`&euml;n*gage"ment</hw> <pr>(-m<it>e</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A renewed or repeated engagement.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`&euml;n*grave"</hw> <pr>(-gr?v")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To engrave anew.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`&euml;n*joy"</hw> <pr>(-joi")</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To enjoy anew.</def>  <rj><au>Pope.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`&euml;n*joy"ment</hw> <pr>(-m<it>e</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Renewed enjoyment.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`&euml;n*kin"dle</hw> <pr>(-k?n"d'l)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To enkindle again.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`&euml;n*list"</hw> <pr>(-l?st")</pr>, <pos>v. t. &amp; i.</pos> <def>To enlist again.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`&euml;n*list"ment</hw> <pr>(-m<it>e</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A renewed enlistment.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`&euml;n*slave"</hw> <pr>(-sl?v")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To enslave again.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*&euml;n"ter</hw> <pr>(r?*?n"t?r)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To enter again.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Engraving)</fld> <def>To cut deeper, as engraved lines on a plate of metal, when the engraving has not been deep enough, or the plate has become worn in printing.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*&euml;n"ter</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To enter anew or again.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Re&euml;ntering angle</b></col>, <cd>an angle of a polygon pointing inward, as <xex>a</xex>, in the cut.</cd> -- <col><b>Re&euml;ntering polygon</b></col>, <cd>a polygon having one or more re&euml;ntering angles.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*&euml;n"ter*ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Calico Printing.)</fld> <def>The process of applying additional colors, by applications of printing blocks, to patterns already partly colored.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`&euml;n*throne"</hw> <pr>(-thr?n")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To enthrone again; to replace on a throne.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`&euml;n*throne"ment</hw> <pr>(-m<it>e</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A second enthroning.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*&euml;n"trance</hw> <pr>(r?*?n"tr<it>a</it>ns)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act entereing again; re&unr_;ntry.</def>  <rj><au>Hooker.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*&euml;n"trant</hw> <pr>(-tr<it>a</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Re&euml;ntering; pointing or directed inwardds; <as>as, a <ex>re&unr_;ntrant</ex> angle</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*&euml;n"try</hw> <pr>(-tr?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A second or new entry; <as>as, a <ex>re&euml;ntry</ex> into public life</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A resuming or retaking possession of what one has lately foregone; -- applied especially to land; the entry by a lessor upon the premises leased, on failure of the tenant to pay rent or perform the covenants in the lease.</def>  <rj><au>Burrill.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Card of re&euml;try</b></col>, <fld>(Whist)</fld>, <cd>a card that by winning a trick will bring one the lead at an advanced period of the hand.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`&euml;*rect"</hw> <pr>(r?`?*r?kt")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To erect again.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Reer"mouse`</hw> <pr>(r?r"mous`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Rearmouse</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`&euml;s*tab"lish</hw> <pr>(r?`?s*t?b"l?sh)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To establish anew; to fix or confirm again; to restore; <as>as, to <ex>re&euml;stablish</ex> a covenant; to <ex>re&euml;stablish</ex> health.</as></def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`&euml;s*tab"lish*er</hw> <pr>(-?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who establishes again.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`&euml;s*tab"lish*ment</hw> <pr>(-mnt)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act re&euml;stablishing; the state of being re&euml;stablished.</def>  <rj><au>Addison.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`&euml;s*tate"</hw> <pr>(-t?t)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To re&euml;stablish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Walis.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Reeve</hw> <pr>(r?v)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>The female of the ruff.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Reeve</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Rove</conjf> <pr>(r?v)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Reeving</conjf>.]</vmorph> <ety>[Cf. D. <ets>reven</ets>. See <er>Reef</er>, <pos>n.</pos> &amp; <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To pass, as the end of a pope, through any hole in a block, thimble, cleat, ringbolt, cringle, or the like.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Reeve</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>reve</ets>, AS. <ets>ger&emacr;fa</ets>.  Cf. <er>Sheriff</er>.]</ety> <def>an officer, steward, bailiff, or governor; -- used chiefly in compounds; <as>as, shire<ex>reeve</ex>, now written <xex>sheriff</xex>; port<ex>reeve</ex>, etc.</as></def>  <rj><au>Chaucer.</au>  <au>Piers Plowman.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`&euml;x*am"i*na*ble</hw> <pr>(r?`?gz*?m"?*n?*b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Admitting of being re&euml;xamined or reconsidered.</def>  <rj><au>Story.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`&euml;x*am`i*na"tion</hw> <pr>(-?*n?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A repeated examination. See under <er>Examination</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`&euml;x*am"ine</hw> <pr>(--?n)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To examine anew.</def>  <rj><au>Hooker.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`&euml;x*change"</hw> <pr>(r?`?ks*ch?nj")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To exchange anew; to reverse (a previous exchange).</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`&euml;x*change"</hw> <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A renewed exchange; a reversal of an exchange.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>The expense chargeable on a bill of exchange or draft which has been dishonored in a foreign country, and returned to the country in which it was made or indorsed, and then taken up.</def>  <rj><au>Bouvier.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>The rate of <qex>re&euml;xchange</qex> is regulated with respect to the drawer, at the course of exchange between the place where the bill of exchange was payable, and the place where it was drawn. <qex>Re&euml;xchange</qex> can not be cumulated.</q> <rj><qau>Walsh.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`&euml;x*hib"it</hw> <pr>(r?`?gz*?b"?t <i>or</i> -?ks*h?b"?t)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To exhibit again.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`&euml;x*pel"</hw> <pr>(r?`?ks*p?l")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To expel again.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`&euml;x*pe"ri*ence</hw> <pr>(-p?`r?-<it>e</it>ns)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A renewed or repeated experience.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`&euml;x*port"</hw> <pr>(-p?rt")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To export again, as what has been imported.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*&euml;x"port</hw> <pr>(r?*?ks"p?rt)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Any commodity re&euml;xported; -- chiefly in the plural.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*&euml;x`por*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(-p?r*t?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of re&euml;xporting, or of exporting an import.</def>  <rj><au>A. Smith.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`&euml;x*pul"sion</hw> <pr>(r?`?ks*p?l"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Renewed or repeated expulsion.</def>  <rj><au>Fuller.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Reezed</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;zd)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Grown rank; rancid; rusty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> &ldquo;<xex>Reezed</xex> bacon.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Marston.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*fac"tion</hw> <pr>(r?*f?k"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Refection</er>.]</ety> <def>Recompense; atonement; retribution.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Howell.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>&Verbar;Re*fait"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Card Playing)</fld> <def>A drawn game;</def> <specif>specif.</specif> <fld>(Trente et quarante)</fld>, <def>A state of the game in which the aggregate pip value of cards dealt to red equals that of those dealt to black. All bets are then off; unless the value is 31, in which case the banker wins half the stakes.</def><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*far"</hw> <pr>(r?*f?r")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>refaire</ets> to do over again.]</ety> <def>To go over again; to repeat.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>To him therefore this wonder done <qex>refar</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Fairfax.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*fash"ion</hw> <pr>(r?*f?sh"?n)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To fashion anew; to form or mold into shape a second time.</def>  <rj><au>MacKnight.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*fash"ion*ment</hw> <pr>(-m<it>e</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of refashioning, or the state of being refashioned.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>  <rj><au>Leigh Hunt.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*fas"ten</hw> <pr>(r?*f?s"'n)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To fasten again.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*fect"</hw> <pr>(r?*f?kt)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>refectus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>reficere</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>facere</ets> to make.]</ety> <def>To restore after hunger or fatigue; to refresh.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>  <rj><au>Sir T. Browne.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*fec"tion</hw> <pr>(r?*f?k"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>refectio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>r&eacute;fection</ets>. See <er>Refect</er>, <er>Fact</er>.]</ety> <def>Refreshment after hunger or fatigue; a repast; a lunch.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>[His] feeble spirit inly felt <qex>refection</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Spenser.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Those Attic nights, and those <qex>refections</qex> of the gods.</q> <rj><qau>Curran.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*fec"tive</hw> <pr>(r?*f?k"t?v)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Refreshing; restoring.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*fec"tive</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>That which refreshes.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*fec"to*ry</hw> <pr>(-&ouptack_;*r&ybreve_;)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu><it>pl.</it>; <plw>Refectories</plw> <pr>(-r&unr_;z)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[<er>LL</er>. <ets>refectorium</ets>: cf. F.  <ets>r&eacute;fectoire</ets>. See <er>Refection</er>.]</ety> <def>A room for refreshment; originally, a dining hall in monasteries or convents.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><note>&hand_; Sometimes pronounced <pr>r&ebreve_;f"&ebreve_;k*t&ouptack_;*r&ybreve_;</pr>, especially when signifying the eating room in monasteries.</note><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*fel"</hw> <pr>(r?*f?l")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>refellere</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>fallere</ets> to deceive.]</ety> <def>To refute; to disprove; <as>as, to <ex>refel</ex> the tricks of a sophister</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>How he <qex>refelled</qex> me, and how I replied.</q> <rj><qau>Shak.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*fer"</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*f&etilde_;r")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Referred</conjf> <pr>(r&euptack_;*f&etilde_;rd")</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Referring</conjf>.]</vmorph> <ety>[F. <ets>r&eacute;f&eacute;rer</ets>, L.  <ets>referre</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>ferre</ets> to bear. See <er>Bear</er> to carry.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To carry or send back.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Chaucer.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence: To send or direct away; to send or direct elsewhere, as for treatment, aid, information, decision, etc.; to make over, or pass over, to another; <as>as, to <ex>refer</ex> a student to an author; to <ex>refer</ex> a beggar to an officer; to <ex>refer</ex> a bill to a committee; a court <ex>refers</ex> a matter of fact to a commissioner for investigation, or <ex>refers</ex> a question of law to a superior tribunal.</as></def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>To place in or under by a mental or rational process; to assign to, as a class, a cause, source, a motive, reason, or ground of explanation; <as>as, he <ex>referred</ex> the phenomena to electrical disturbances</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>To refer one's self</b></col>, <cd>to have recourse; to betake one's self; to make application; to appeal.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>I'll <qex>refer</qex> me to all things sense.</q> <rj><qau>Shak.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*fer"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To have recourse; to apply; to appeal; to betake one's self; <as>as, to <ex>refer</ex> to a dictionary</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>In suits . . . it is to <qex>refer</qex> to some friend of trust.</q> <rj><qau>Bacon.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To have relation or reference; to relate; to point; <as>as, the figure <ex>refers</ex> to a footnote</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Of those places that <qex>refer</qex> to the shutting and opening the abyss, I take notice of that in Job.</q> <rj><qau>Bp. Burnet.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>To carry the mind or thought; to direct attention; <as>as, the preacher <ex>referred</ex> to the late election</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>4.</sn> <def>To direct inquiry for information or a guarantee of any kind, as in respect to one's integrity, capacity, pecuniary ability, and the like; <as>as, I <ex>referred</ex> to his employer for the truth of his story</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><syn><b>Syn.</b> -- To allude; advert; suggest; appeal.</syn> <usage> <er>Refer</er>, <er>Allude</er>, <er>Advert</er>. We <xex>refer</xex> to a thing by specifically and distinctly introducing it into our discourse. We <xex>allude</xex> to it by introducing it indirectly or indefinitely, as by something collaterally allied to it. We <xex>advert</xex> to it by turning off somewhat abruptly to consider it more at large. Thus, Macaulay <xex>refers</xex> to the early condition of England at the opening of his history; he <xex>alludes</xex> to these statements from time to time; and <xex>adverts</xex>, in the progress of his work, to various circumstances of peculiar interest, on which for a time he dwells. &ldquo;But to do good is . . . that that Solomon chiefly <xex>refers</xex> to in the text.&rdquo; <au>Sharp.</au> &ldquo;This, I doubt not, was that artificial structure here <xex>alluded</xex> to.&rdquo; <au>T. Burnet.</au></usage><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Now to the universal whole <qex>advert</qex>:<br/>
The earth regard as of that whole a part.</q> <rj><qau>Blackmore.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ref"er*a*ble</hw> <pr>(r?f"?r*?*b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable of being referred, or considered in relation to something else; assignable; ascribable.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>referrible</asp>.]</altsp><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>It is a question among philosophers, whether all the attractions which obtain between bodies are <qex>referable</qex> to one general cause.</q> <rj><qau>W. Nicholson.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ref`er*ee"</hw> <pr>(-&unr_;)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One to whom a thing is referred; a person to whom a matter in dispute has been referred, in order that he may settle it.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><syn><b>Syn.</b> -- Judge; arbitrator; umpire. See <er>Judge</er>.</syn><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ref"er*ence</hw> <pr>(r?f"?r-<it>e</it>ns)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Refer</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of referring, or the state of being referred; <as>as, <ex>reference</ex> to a chart for guidance</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>That which refers to something; a specific direction of the attention; <as>as, a <ex>reference</ex> in a text-book</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>Relation; regard; respect.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Something that hath a <qex>reference</qex> to my state.</q> <rj><qau>Shak.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>4.</sn> <def>One who, or that which, is referred to.</def> <specif>Specifically;</specif> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One of whom inquires can be made as to the integrity, capacity, and the like, of another.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A work, or a passage in a work, to which one is referred.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The act of submitting a matter in dispute to the judgment of one or more persons for decision.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Equity)</fld> <def>The process of sending any matter, for inquiry in a cause, to a master or other officer, in order that he may ascertain facts and report to the court.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>6.</sn> <def>Appeal.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> &ldquo;Make your full <xex>reference</xex>.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Shak.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Reference Bible</b></col>, <cd>a Bible in which brief explanations, and references to parallel passages, are printed in the margin of the text.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ref`er*en"da*ry</hw> <pr>(r?f`?r*?n"d?*r?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL. <ets>referendarius</ets>, fr. L. <ets>referendus</ets> to be referred, gerundive of <ets>referre</ets>: cf. F. <ets>r&eacute;f&eacute;rendaire</ets>. See <er>Refer</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One to whose decision a cause is referred; a referee.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Bacon.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>An officer who delivered the royal answer to petitions.</def> &ldquo;<xex>Referendaries</xex>, or masters of request.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Harmar.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>Formerly, an officer of state charged with the duty of procuring and dispatching diplomas and decrees.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>&Verbar;Ref`er*en"dum</hw> <pr>(r?f`?r*?n"d?m)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. <plw>-da</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu> <ety>[Gerundive fr. L. <ets>referre</ets>. See <er>Refer</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A diplomatic agent's note asking for instructions from his government concerning a particular matter or point.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>The right to approve or reject by popular vote a meassure passed upon by a legislature.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>The principle or practice of referring measures passed upon by the legislative body to the body of voters, or electorate, for approval or rejection, as in the Swiss cantons (except Freiburg) and in various local governments in the United States, and also in the local option laws, etc.; also, the right to so approve or reject laws, or the vote by which this is done. <xex>Referendum</xex> is distinguished from the <xex>mandate</xex>, or instruction of representatives by the people, from <xex>direct government</xex> by the people, in which they initiate and make the laws by direct action without representation, and from a <xex>plebiscite</xex>, or popular vote taken on any measure proposed by a person or body having the initiative but not constituting a representative or constituent body.</def><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ref`er*en"tial</hw> <pr>(-sh<it>a</it>l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Containing a reference; pointing to something out of itself; <as>as, notes for <ex>referential</ex> use</as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Ref`er*en"tial*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*fer"ment</hw> <pr>(r?*f?r"m<it>e</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of referring; reference.</def>  <rj><au>Laud.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><!-- p. 1207 --></p>

<p><hw>Re`-fer*ment"</hw> <pr>(r&unr_;`f&unr_;r*m&unr_;nt")</pr>, <pos>v. t. &amp; i.</pos> <def>To ferment, or cause to ferment, again.</def>  <rj><au>Blackmore.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*fer"rer</hw> <pr>(r?*f?r"r?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who refers.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*fer"ri*ble</hw> <pr>(-r?*b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Referable.</def>  <rj><au>Hallam.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*fig"ure</hw> <pr>(r?*f?g"?r)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To figure again.</def>  <rj><au>Shak.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*fill"</hw> <pr>(r?*f?l")</pr>, <pos>v. t. &amp; i.</pos> <def>To fill, or become full, again.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*find"</hw> <pr>(r?*f?nd)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To find again; to get or experience again.</def>  <rj><au>Sandys.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*fine"</hw> <pr>(r?*f?n")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Refined</conjf> <pr>(-find")</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Refining</conjf>.]</vmorph> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re-</ets> + <ets>fine</ets> to make fine: cf. F. <ets>raffiner</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To reduce to a fine, unmixed, or pure state; to free from impurities; to free from dross or alloy; to separate from extraneous matter; to purify; to defecate; <as>as, to <ex>refine</ex> gold or silver; to <ex>refine</ex> iron; to <ex>refine</ex> wine or sugar.</as></def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>I will bring the third part through the fire, and will <qex>refine</qex> them as silver is <qex>refined</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Zech. xiii. 9.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To purify from what is gross, coarse, vulgar, inelegant, low, and the like; to make elegant or exellent; to polish; <as>as, to <ex>refine</ex> the manners, the language, the style, the taste, the intellect, or the moral feelings</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Love <qex>refines</qex><br/>
The thoughts, and heart enlarges.</q> <rj><qau>Milton.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><syn><b>Syn.</b> -- To purify; clarify; polish; ennoble.</syn><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*fine"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To become pure; to be cleared of feculent matter.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>So the pure, limpid stream, when foul with stains,<br/>
Works itself clear, and, as it runs, <qex>refines</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Addison.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To improve in accuracy, delicacy, or excellence.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Chaucer <qex>refined</qex> on Boccace, and mended his stories.</q> <rj><qau>Dryden.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>But let a lord once own the happy lines,<br/>
How the wit brightens! How the style <qex>refines</qex>!</q> <rj><qau>Pope.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>To affect nicety or subtilty in thought or language.</def> &ldquo;He makes another paragraph about our <xex>refining</xex> in controversy.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Atterbury.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*fined"</hw> <pr>(-f?nd")</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Freed from impurities or alloy; purifed; polished; cultured; delicate; as; <xex>refined</xex> gold; <xex>refined</xex> language; <xex>refined</xex> sentiments.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q><qex>Refined</qex> wits who honored poesy with their pens.</q> <rj><qau>Peacham.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p>-- <wordforms><wf>Re*fin"ed*ly</wf> <pr>(r&unr_;*f&unr_;n"&unr_;d*l&unr_;)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> -- <wf>Re*fin"ed*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*fine"ment</hw> <pr>(r?*f?n"m<it>e</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>raffinement</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of refining, or the state of being refined; <as>as, the <ex>refinement</ex> or metals; <ex>refinement</ex> of ideas.</as></def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>The more bodies are of kin to spirit in subtilty and <qex>refinement</qex>, the more diffusive are they.</q> <rj><qau>Norris.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>From the civil war to this time, I doubt whether the corruptions in our language have not equaled its <qex>refinements</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Swift.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is refined, elaborated, or polished to excess; an affected subtilty; <as>as, <ex>refinements</ex> of logic</as>.</def> &ldquo;The <xex>refinements</xex> of irregular cunning.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Rogers.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><syn><b>Syn.</b> -- Purification; polish; politeness; gentility; elegance; cultivation; civilization.</syn><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*fin"er</hw> <pr>(-f?n"?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or that which, refines.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*fin"er*y</hw> <pr>(-?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu><it>pl.</it> <plw>Refineries</plw> <pr>(-&unr_;z)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>raffinerie</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The building and apparatus for refining or purifying, esp. metals and sugar.</def><br/>
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<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>A furnace in which cast iron is refined by the action of a blast on the molten metal.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*fit"</hw> <pr>(r?*f?t")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To fit or prepare for use again; to repair; to restore after damage or decay; <as>as, to <ex>refit</ex> a garment; to <ex>refit</ex> ships of war.</as></def>  <rj><au>Macaulay.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To fit out or supply a second time.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*fit"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To obtain repairs or supplies; <as>as, the fleet returned to <ex>refit</ex></as>.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*fit"ment</hw> <pr>(-m<it>e</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of refitting, or the state of being refitted.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*fix"</hw> <pr>(r?*f?ks")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To fix again or anew; to establish anew.</def>  <rj><au>Fuller.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*flame"</hw> <pr>(r?*fl?m")</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To kindle again into flame.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*flect"</hw> <pr>(r?*fl?kt")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Reflected</conjf>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Reflecting</conjf>.]</vmorph> <ety>[L. <ets>reflectere</ets>, <ets>reflexum</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>flectere</ets> to bend or turn. See <er>Flexible</er>, and cf. <er>Reflex</er>, <pos>v.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To bend back; to give a backwa&unr_;d turn to; to throw back; especially, to cause to return after striking upon any surface; <as>as, a mirror <ex>reflects</ex> rays of light; polished metals <ex>reflect</ex> heat.</as></def><br/>
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<p><q>Let me mind the reader to <qex>reflect</qex> his eye on our quotations.</q> <rj><qau>Fuller.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><q>Bodies close together <qex>reflect</qex> their own color.</q> <rj><qau>Dryden.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To give back an image or likeness of; to mirror.</def><br/>
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<p><q>Nature is the glass <qex>reflecting</qex> God,<br/>
As by the sea <qex>reflected</qex> is the sun.</q> <rj><qau>Young.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*flect"</hw> <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To throw back light, heat, or the like; to return rays or beams.</def><br/>
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<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To be sent back; to rebound as from a surface; to revert; to return.</def><br/>
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<p><q>Whose virtues will, I hope,<br/>
<qex>Reflect</qex> on Rome, as Titan's rays on earth.</q> <rj><qau>Shak.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>To throw or turn back the thoughts upon anything; to contemplate. Specifically: To attend earnestly to what passes within the mind; to attend to the facts or phenomena of consciousness; to use attention or earnest thought; to meditate; especially, to think in relation to moral truth or rules.</def><br/>
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<p><q>We can not be said to <qex>reflect</qex> upon any external object, except so far as that object has been previously perceived, and its image become part and parcel of our intellectual furniture.</q> <rj><qau>Sir W. Hamilton.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><q>All men are concious of the operations of their own minds, at all times, while they are awake, but there few who <qex>reflect</qex> upon them, or make them objects of thought.</q> <rj><qau>Reid.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><q>As I much <qex>reflected</qex>, much I mourned.</q> <rj><qau>Prior.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><sn>4.</sn> <def>To cast reproach; to cause censure or dishonor.</def><br/>
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<p><q>Errors of wives <qex>reflect</qex> on husbands still.</q> <rj><qau>Dryden.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><q>Neither do I <qex>reflect</qex> in the least upon the memory of his late majesty.</q> <rj><qau>Swift.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><syn><b>Syn.</b> -- To consider; think; cogitate; mediate; contemplate; ponder; muse; ruminate.</syn><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*flect"ed</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Thrown back after striking a surface; <as>as, <ex>reflected</ex> light, heat, sound, etc.</as></def><br/>
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<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence: Not one's own; received from another; <as>as, his glory was <ex>reflected</ex> glory</as>.</def><br/>
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<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>Bent backward or outward; reflexed.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*flect"ent</hw> <pr>(r?*fl?kt"<it>e</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>reflectens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>reflectere</ets>. See <er>Reflect</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Bending or flying back; reflected.</def> &ldquo;The ray descendent, and the ray <xex>reflectent</xex> flying with so great a speed.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Sir K. Digby.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Reflecting; <as>as, a <ex>reflectent</ex> body</as>.</def>  <rj><au>Sir K. Digby.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*flect"i*ble</hw> <pr>(-?*b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable of being reflected, or thrown back; reflexible.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*flect"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Throwing back light, heat, etc., as a mirror or other surface.</def><br/>
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<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Given to reflection or serious consideration; reflective; contemplative; <as>as, a <ex>reflecting</ex> mind</as>.</def><br/>
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<p><cs><col><b>Reflecting circle</b></col>, <cd>an astronomical instrument for measuring angless, like the sextant or Hadley's quadrant, by the reflection of light from two plane mirrors which it carries, and differing from the sextant chiefly in having an entire circle.</cd> -- <col><b>Reflecting galvanometer</b></col>, <cd>a galvanometer in which the deflections of the needle are read by means of a mirror attached to it, which reflects a ray of light or the image of a scale; -- called also <altname>mirror galvanometer</altname>.</cd> -- <col><b>Reflecting goniometer</b></col>. <cd>See under <er>Goniometer</er>.</cd> -- <col><b>Reflecting telescope</b></col>. <cd>See under <er>Telescope</er>.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*flect"ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>With reflection; also, with censure; reproachfully.</def>  <rj><au>Swift.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*flec"tion</hw> <pr>(r?*fl?k"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>reflexio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>r&eacute;flexion</ets>. See <er>Riflect</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>reflexion</asp>.]</altsp> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of reflecting, or turning or sending back, or the state of being reflected.</def> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The return of rays, beams, sound, or the like, from a surface. See <cref>Angle of reflection</cref>, below.</def><br/>
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<p><q>The eye sees not itself,<br/>
But by <qex>reflection</qex>, by some other things.</q> <rj><qau>Shak.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><sd>(b)</sd> <def>The reverting of the mind to that which has already occupied it; continued consideration; meditation; contemplation; hence, also, that operation or power of the mind by which it is conscious of its own acts or states; the capacity for judging rationally, especially in view of a moral rule or standard.</def><br/>
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<p><q>By <qex>reflection</qex>, . . . I would be understood to mean, that notice which the mind takes of its own operations, and the manner of them, by reason whereof there come to be ideas of these operations in the understanding.</q> <rj><qau>Locke.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><q>This delight grows and improves under thought and <qex>reflection</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>South.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Shining; brightness, as of the sun.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Shak.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>That which is produced by reflection.</def> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An image given back from a reflecting surface; a reflected counterpart.</def><br/>
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<p><q>As the sun water we can bear,<br/>
Yet not the sun, but his <qex>reflection</qex>, there.</q> <rj><qau>Dryden.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><sd>(b)</sd> <def>A part reflected, or turned back, at an angle; as, the <xex>reflection</xex> of a membrane.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>Result of meditation; thought or opinion after attentive consideration or contemplation; especially, thoughts suggested by truth.</def><br/>
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<p><q>Job's <qex>reflections</qex> on his once flourishing estate did at the same time afflict and encourage him.</q> <rj><qau>Atterbury.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><sn>4.</sn> <def>Censure; reproach cast.</def><br/>
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<p><q>He died; and oh! may no <qex>reflection</qex> shed<br/>
Its poisonous venom on the royal dead.</q> <rj><qau>Prior.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The transference of an excitement from one nerve fiber to another by means of the nerve cells, as in reflex action. See <cref>Reflex action</cref>, under <er>Reflex</er>.</def><br/>
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<p><cs><col><b>Angle of reflection</b></col>, <cd>the angle which anything, as a ray of light, on leaving a reflecting surface, makes with the perpendicular to the surface.</cd> -- <col><b>Angle of total reflection</b></col>. <fld>(Opt.)</fld> <cd>Same as <cref>Critical angle</cref>, under <er>Critical</er>.</cd></cs><br/>
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<p><syn><b>Syn.</b> -- Meditation; contemplation; rumination; cogitation; consideration; musing; thinking.</syn><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*flect"ive</hw> <pr>(r?*fl?kt"?v)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r&eacute;flectif</ets>.  Cf. <er>Reflexive</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Throwing back images; <as>as, a <ex>reflective</ex> mirror</as>.</def><br/>
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<p><q>In the <qex>reflective</qex> stream the sighing bride, viewing her charms.</q> <rj><qau>Prior.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Capable of exercising thought or judgment; <as>as, <ex>reflective</ex> reason</as>.</def>  <rj><au>Prior.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><q>His perceptive and <qex>reflective</qex> faculties . . . thus acquired a precocious and extraordinary development.</q> <rj><qau>Motley.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>Addicted to introspective or meditative habits; <as>as, a <ex>reflective</ex> person</as>.</def><br/>
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<p><sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Reflexive; reciprocal.</def><br/>
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<p>-- <wordforms><wf>Re*flect"ive*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> -- <wf>Re*flect"ive*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms> &ldquo;<xex>Reflectiveness</xex> of manner.&rdquo;  <rj><au>J. C. Shairp.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*flect"or</hw> <pr>(-&etilde_;r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r&eacute;flecteur</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who, or that which, reflects.</def>  <rj><au>Boyle.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Something having a polished surface for reflecting light or heat, as a mirror, a speculum, etc.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A reflecting telescope.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A device for reflecting sound.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>&Verbar;Re*flet"</hw> <pr>(r&eitalic_;*fl&ebreve_;")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., reflection. See <er>Reflect</er>.]</ety> <def>Luster; special brilliancy of surface; -- used esp. in ceramics to denote the peculiar metallic brilliancy seen in lustered pottery such as majolica; <as>as, silver <ex>reflet</ex>; gold <ex>reflet</ex></as>.</def><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re"flex</hw> <pr>(r?"fl?ks)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>reflexus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>reflectere</ets>: cf. F.  <ets>r&eacute;flexe</ets>. See <er>Reflect</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Directed back; attended by reflection; retroactive; introspective.</def><br/>
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<p><q>The <qex>reflex</qex> act of the soul, or the turning of the intellectual eye inward upon its own actions.</q> <rj><qau>Sir M. Hale.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Produced in reaction, in resistance, or in return.</def><br/>
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<p><sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or produced by, stimulus or excitation without the necessary intervention of consciousness.</def><br/>
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<p><cs><col><b>Reflex action</b></col> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld>, <cd>any action performed involuntarily in consequence of an impulse or impression transmitted along afferent nerves to a nerve center, from which it is reflected to an efferent nerve, and so calls into action certain muscles, organs, or cells.</cd> -- <col><b>Reflex nerve</b></col> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld>, <cd>an excito-motory nerve. See <er>Exito-motory</er>.</cd></cs><br/>
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<p><hw>Re"flex</hw> <pr>(r?"fl?ks; <it>formerly</it> r?*fl?ks")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>reflexus</ets> a bending back. See <er>Reflect</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Reflection; the light reflected from an illuminated surface to one in shade.</def><br/>
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<p><q>Yon gray is not the morning's eye,<br/>
'Tis but the pale <qex>reflex</qex> of Cynthia's brow.</q> <rj><qau>Shak.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><q>On the depths of death there swims<br/>
The <qex>reflex</qex> of a human face.</q> <rj><qau>Tennyson.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>An involuntary movement produced by reflex action.</def><br/>
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<p><cs><col><b>Patellar reflex</b></col>. <cd>See <cref>Knee jerk</cref>, under <er>Knee</er>.</cd></cs><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*flex"</hw> <pr>(r?*fl?ks")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>reflexus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>reflectere</ets>. See <er>Reflect</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To reflect.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Shak.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To bend back; to turn back.</def>  <rj><au>J. Gregory.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*flexed"</hw> <pr>(r?*fl?kst")</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Bent backward or outward.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*flex`i*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(r?*fl?ks`?*b?l"?*t?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r&eacute;flexibilit&eacute;</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality or capability of being reflexible; <as>as, the <ex>reflexibility</ex> of the rays of light</as>.</def>  <rj><au>Sir I. Newton.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*flex"i*ble</hw> <pr>(r?*fl?ks"?*b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[CF. F. <ets>r&eacute;flexible</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being reflected, or thrown back.</def><br/>
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<p><q>The light of the sun consists of rays differently refrangible and <qex>reflexible</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Cheyne.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*flex"ion</hw> <pr>(-fl?k"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See <er>Reflection</er>.</def>  <rj><au>Chaucer.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*flex"i*ty</hw> <pr>(r?*fl?ks"?*t?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state or condition of being reflected.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*flex"ive</hw> <pr>(-?v)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r&eacute;flexif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Bending or turned backward; reflective; having respect to something past.</def><br/>
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<p><q>Assurance <qex>reflexive</qex> can not be a divine faith.</q> <rj><qau>Hammond.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Implying censure.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> &ldquo;What man does not resent an ugly <xex>reflexive</xex> word?&rdquo;  <rj><au>South.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Having for its direct object a pronoun which refers to the agent or subject as its antecedent; -- said of certain verbs; <as>as, the witness <xex>perjured</xex> himself; I <xex>bethought</xex> myself. Applied also to pronouns of this class; reciprocal; reflective.</as></def><br/>
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<p>-- <wordforms><wf>Re*flex"ive*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> -- <wf>Re*flex"ive*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*flex"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a reflex manner; reflectively.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Re"float</hw> <pr>(r?"fl?t)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Reflux; ebb.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Bacon.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Re`flo*res"cence</hw> <pr>(r?`fl?*r?s"s<it>e</it>ns)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A blossoming anew of a plant after it has apparently ceased blossoming for the season.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*flour"ish</hw> <pr>(r?*fl?r"?sh)</pr>, <pos>v. t. &amp; i.</pos> <def>To flourish again.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*flow"</hw> <pr>(r?*fl?")</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To flow back; to ebb.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*flow"er</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;*flou"&etilde_;r)</pr>, <pos>v. i. &amp; t.</pos> <def>To flower, or cause to flower, again.</def>  <rj><au>Sylvester.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*fluc`tu*a"tion</hw> <pr>(r?*fl?k`t?*?"sh?n; 135)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A flowing back; refluence.</def><br/>
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<p><mhw>{ <hw>Ref"lu*ence</hw> <pr>(r?f"l?-<it>e</it>ns)</pr>, <hw>Ref"lu*en*cy</hw> <pr>(-<it>e</it>n*s?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of being refluent; a flowing back.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Ref"lu*ent</hw> <pr>(-<it>e</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>refluens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>refluere</ets> to flow back; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>fluere</ets> to flow. See <er>Flurent</er>.]</ety> <def>Flowing back; returning; ebbing.</def>  <rj><au>Cowper.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>And <qex>refluent</qex> through the pass of fear<br/>
The battle's tide was poured.</q> <rj><qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ref"lu*eus</hw> <pr>(-?s)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>refluus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Refluent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re"flux`</hw> <pr>(r?"fl?ks`)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Returning, or flowing back; reflex; <as>as, <ex>reflux</ex> action</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re"flux`</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>reflux</ets>. See <er>Refluent</er>, <er>Flux</er>.]</ety> <def>A flowing back, as the return of a fluid; ebb; reaction; <as>as, the flux and <ex>reflux</ex> of the tides</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>All from me<br/>
Shall with a fierce <qex>reflux</qex> on me redound.</q> <rj><qau>Milton.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*foc"il*late</hw> <pr>(r?*f?s"?l*l?t)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>refocillatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>refocillare</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>focillare</ets> to revive by warmth.]</ety> <def>To refresh; to revive.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Aubrey.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*foc`il*la"tion</hw> <pr>(-l?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Restoration of strength by refreshment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Middleton.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*fold"</hw> <pr>(r?*f?ld")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To fold again.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`fo*ment"</hw> <pr>(r?`f?*m<it>?</it>nt")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To foment anew.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*for"est</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>  <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Reforested</conjf> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Reforesting</conjf>.]</vmorph> <def>To replant with trees; to reafforest; to reforestize.</def><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`for*est*a"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n</pos> <def>replanting with trees; reconversion into a forest; the act of reforesting.</def><br/>
[<source>PJC</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*for`est*i*za`tion</hw> <pr>(r?*f?r`?st*?*z?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act or process of reforestizing.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*for"est*ize</hw> <pr>(r?*f?r"?st*?z)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To convert again into a forest; to plant again with trees.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*forge"</hw> <pr>(r?*f?rj")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re-</ets> + <ets>forge</ets>: cf. F. <ets>reforger</ets>.]</ety> <def>To forge again or anew; hence, to fashion or fabricate anew; to make over.</def>  <rj><au>Udall.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*for"ger</hw> <pr>(r?*f?r"j?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who reforges.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*form"</hw> <pr>(r?*f?rm")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>r&eacute;former</ets>, L. <ets>reformare</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>formare</ets> to form, from <ets>forma</ets> form. See <er>Form</er>.]</ety> <def>To put into a new and improved form or condition; to restore to a former good state, or bring from bad to good; to change from worse to better; to amend; to correct; <as>as, to <ex>reform</ex> a profligate man; to <ex>reform</ex> corrupt manners or morals.</as></def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>The example alone of a vicious prince will corrupt an age; but that of a good one will not <qex>reform</qex> it.</q> <rj><qau>Swift.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><syn><b>Syn.</b> -- To amend; correct; emend; rectify; mend; repair; better; improve; restore; reclaim.</syn><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*form"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To return to a good state; to amend or correct one's own character or habits; <as>as, a man of settled habits of vice will seldom <ex>reform</ex></as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*form"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>r&eacute;forme</ets>.]</ety> <def>Amendment of what is defective, vicious, corrupt, or depraved; reformation; <as>as, <ex>reform</ex> of elections; <ex>reform</ex> of government.</as></def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Civil service reform</b></col>. <cd>See under <er>Civil</er>.</cd> -- <col><b>Reform acts</b></col> <fld>(Eng. Politics)</fld>, <cd>acts of Parliament passed in 1832, 1867, 1884, 1885, extending and equalizing popular representation in Parliament.</cd> -- <col><b>Reform school</b></col>, <cd>a school established by a state or city government, for the confinement, instruction, and reformation of juvenile offenders, and of young persons of idle, vicious, and vagrant habits.</cd> <mark>[U. S.]</mark></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><syn><b>Syn.</b> -- Reformation; amendment; rectification; correction. See <er>Reformation</er>.</syn><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re-form"</hw> <pr>(r?*f?rm")</pr>, <pos>v. t. &amp; i.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Re-formed</conjf> <pr>(-f?rmd")</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Re-forming</conjf>.]</vmorph> <def>To give a new form to; to form anew; to take form again, or to take a new form; <as>as, to <ex>re-form</ex> the line after a charge</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*form"a*ble</hw> <pr>(r?*f?rm"?*b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable of being reformed.</def>  <rj><au>Foxe.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ref`or*made"</hw> <pr>(r?f`?r*m?d")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A reformado.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ref`or*ma"do</hw> <pr>(-m?"d?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp., fr. <ets>reformar</ets>, L. <ets>reformare</ets>. SEe <er>Reform</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A monk of a reformed order.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Weever.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>An officer who, in disgrace, is deprived of his command, but retains his rank, and sometimes his pay.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*form"al*ize</hw> <pr>(r?*f?rm"<it>a</it>l*?z)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To affect reformation; to pretend to correctness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ref`or*ma"tion</hw> <pr>(r?f`?r*m?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>r&eacute;formation</ets>, L. <ets>reformatio</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of reforming, or the state of being reformed; change from worse to better; correction or amendment of life, manners, or of anything vicious or corrupt; <as>as, the <ex>reformation</ex> of manners; <ex>reformation</ex> of the age; <ex>reformation</ex> of abuses</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Satire lashes vice into <qex>reformation</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Dryden.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><!-- p. 1208 --></p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Specifically <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld>, the important religious movement commenced by Luther early in the sixteenth century, which resulted in the formation of the various Protestant churches.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><syn><b>Syn.</b> -- Reform; amendment; correction; rectification.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Reformation</er>, <er>Reform</er>. <xex>Reformation</xex> is a more thorough and comprehensive change than <xex>reform</xex>. It is applied to subjects that are more important, and results in changes which are more lasting. A <xex>reformation</xex> involves, and is followed by, many particular <xex>reforms</xex>. &ldquo;The pagan converts mention this great <xex>reformation</xex> of those who had been the greatest sinners, with that sudden and surprising change which the Christian religion made in the lives of the most profligate.&rdquo; <au>Addison.</au> &ldquo;A variety of schemes, founded in visionary and impracticable ideas of <xex>reform</xex>, were suddenly produced.&rdquo; <au>Pitt.</au></usage><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`-for*ma"tion</hw> <pr>(r?`f?r*m?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of forming anew; a second forming in order; <as>as, the <ex>reformation</ex> of a column of troops into a hollow square</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*form"a*tive</hw> <pr>(r?*f?rm"?*t?v)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Forming again; having the quality of renewing form; reformatory.</def>  <rj><au>Good.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*form"a*to*ry</hw> <pr>(-t?*r?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Tending to produce reformation; reformative.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*form"a*to*ry</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu><it>pl.</it> <plw>-ries</plw> <pr>(-r&unr_;z)</pr>.</plu> <def>An institution for promoting the reformation of offenders.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Magistrates may send juvenile offenders to <qex>reformatories</qex> instead of to prisons.</q> <rj><qau>Eng. Cyc.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*formed"</hw> <pr>(r?*f?rmd")</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Corrected; amended; restored to purity or excellence; said, specifically, of the whole body of Protestant churches originating in the Reformation. Also, in a more restricted sense, of those who separated from Luther on the doctrine of consubstantiation, etc., and carried the Reformation, as they claimed, to a higher point. The Protestant churches founded by them in Switzerland, France, Holland, and part of Germany, were called the <xex>Reformed churches</xex>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>The town was one of the strongholds of the <qex>Reformed</qex> faith.</q> <rj><qau>Macaulay.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Amended in character and life; <as>as, a <ex>reformed</ex> gambler or drunkard</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>Retained in service on half or full pay after the disbandment of the company or troop; -- said of an officer.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*form"er</hw> <pr>(r?*f?rm"?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who effects a reformation or amendment; one who labors for, or urges, reform; <as>as, a <ex>reformer</ex> of manners, or of abuses</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Eccl.Hist.)</fld> <def>One of those who commenced the reformation of religion in the sixteenth century, as Luther, Melanchthon, Zwingli, and Calvin.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*form"ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r&eacute;formiste</ets>.]</ety> <def>A reformer.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*form"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In the manner of a reform; for the purpose of reform.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Milton.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*for`ti*fi*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(r?*f?r`t?*f?*k?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A fortifying anew, or a second time.</def>  <rj><au>Mitford.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*for"ti*fy</hw> <pr>(r?*f?r"t?*f?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To fortify anew.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*fos"sion</hw> <pr>(r?*f?sh"?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>refodere</ets>, <ets>refossum</ets>, to dig up again. See <er>Fosse</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of digging up again.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Bp. Hall.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*found"</hw> <pr>(r?*found")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re-</ets> + <ets>found</ets> to cast; cf. F. <ets>refondare</ets>.  Cf. <er>Refund</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To found or cast anew.</def> &ldquo;Ancient bells <xex>refounded</xex>.&rdquo;  <rj><au>T. Warton.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To found or establish again; to re&unr_;stablish.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*found"</hw>, <def><pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> of <er>Refind</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos></def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*found"er</hw> <pr>(-?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who refounds.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*fract"</hw> <pr>(r?*fr$kt")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Refracted</conjf>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Refracting</conjf>.]</vmorph> <ety>[L. <ets>refractus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>refringere</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>frangere</ets> to break: cf. F. <ets>r&eacute;fracter</ets>. SEe <er>FRacture</er>, and cf. <er>Refrain</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To bend sharply and abruptly back; to break off.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To break the natural course of, as rays of light orr heat, when passing from one transparent medium to another of different density; to cause to deviate from a direct course by an action distinct from reflection; <as>as, a dense medium <ex>refrcts</ex> the rays of light as they pass into it from a rare medium</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*fract"a*ble</hw> <pr>(-?*b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable of being refracted.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*fract"ed</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot. &amp; Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>Bent backward angularly, as if half-broken; <as>as, a <ex>refracted</ex> stem or leaf</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Turned from a direct course by refraction; <as>as, <ex>refracted</ex> rays of light</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*fract"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Serving or tending to refract; <as>as, a <ex>refracting</ex> medium</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Refracting angle of a prism</b></col> <fld>(Opt.)</fld>, <cd>the angle of a triangular prism included between the two sides through which the refracted beam passes in the decomposition of light.</cd> -- <col><b>Refracting telescope</b></col>. <fld>(Opt.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Telescope</er>.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*frac"tion</hw> <pr>(r?*fr?k"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>r&eacute;fraction</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of refracting, or the state of being refracted.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>The change in the direction of ray of light, heat, or the like, when it enters obliquely a medium of a different density from that through which it has previously moved.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q><qex>Refraction</qex> out of the rarer medium into the denser, is made towards the perpendicular.</q> <rj><qau>Sir I. Newton.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The change in the direction of a ray of light, and, consequently, in the apparent position of a heavenly body from which it emanates, arising from its passage through the earth's atmosphere; -- hence distinguished as atmospheric refraction, or astronomical refraction.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The correction which is to be deducted from the apparent altitude of a heavenly body on account of atmospheric refraction, in order to obtain the true altitude.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Angle of refraction</b></col> <fld>(Opt.)</fld>, <cd>the angle which a refracted ray makes with the perpendicular to the surface separating the two media traversed by the ray.</cd> -- <col><b>Conical refraction</b></col> <fld>(Opt.)</fld>, <cd>the refraction of a ray of light into an infinite number of rays, forming a hollow cone. This occurs when a ray of light is passed through crystals of some substances, under certain circumstances. Conical refraction is of two kinds; <xex>external conical refraction</xex>, in which the ray issues from the crystal in the form of a cone, the vertex of which is at the point of emergence; and <xex>internal conical refraction</xex>, in which the ray is changed into the form of a cone on entering the crystal, from which it issues in the form of a hollow cylinder. This singular phenomenon was first discovered by Sir W. R. Hamilton by mathematical reasoning alone, unaided by experiment.</cd> -- <col><b>Differential refraction</b></col> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>the change of the apparent place of one object relative to a second object near it, due to refraction; also, the correction required to be made to the observed relative places of the two bodies.</cd> -- <col><b>Double refraction</b></col> <fld>(Opt.)</fld>, <cd>the refraction of light in two directions, which produces two distinct images. The power of double refraction is possessed by all crystals except those of the isometric system. A uniaxial crystal is said to be <xex>optically positive</xex> (like quartz), or <xex>optically negative</xex> (like calcite), or to have <xex>positive</xex>, or <xex>negative</xex>, <xex>double refraction</xex>, according as the optic axis is the axis of least or greatest elasticity for light; a biaxial crystal is similarly designated when the same relation holds for the acute bisectrix.</cd> -- <col><b>Index of refraction</b></col>. <cd>See under <er>Index</er>.</cd> -- <col><b>Refraction circle</b></col> <fld>(Opt.)</fld>, <cd>an instrument provided with a graduated circle for the measurement of refraction.</cd> -- <mcol><col><b>Refraction of latitude</b></col>, <col><b>longitude</b></col>, <col><b>declination</b></col>, <col><b>right ascension</b></col></mcol>, <cd>etc., the change in the apparent latitude, longitude, etc., of a heavenly body, due to the effect of atmospheric refraction.</cd> -- <col><b>Terrestrial refraction</b></col>, <cd>the change in the apparent altitude of a distant point on or near the earth's surface, as the top of a mountain, arising from the passage of light from it to the eye through atmospheric strata of varying density.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*fract"ive</hw> <pr>(r?*fr?kt"?v)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r&eacute;fractif</ets>. See <er>Refract</er>.]</ety> <def>Serving or having power to refract, or turn from a direct course; pertaining to refraction; <as>as, <ex>refractive</ex> surfaces; <ex>refractive</ex> powers.</as></def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Refractive index</b></col>. <fld>(Opt.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Index of refraction</cref>, under <er>Index</er>.</cd> -- <col><b>Absolute refractive index</b></col> <fld>(Opt.)</fld>, <cd>the index of refraction of a substances when the ray passes into it from a vacuum.</cd> -- <col><b>Relative refractive index</b></col> (of two media) <fld>(Opt.)</fld>, <cd>the ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence to the sine of the angle of refraction for a ray passing out of one of the media into the other.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*fract"ive*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or condition of being refractive.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`frac*tom"e*ter</hw> <pr>(r?`fr?k*t?m"?*t?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[<ets>Refraction</ets> + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Opt.)</fld> <def>A contrivance for exhibiting and measuring the refraction of light.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*fract"or</hw> <pr>(r&unr_;-fr&unr_;kt"&unr_;r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Anything that refracts</def>; specifically: <fld>(Opt.)</fld> <def>A refracting telescope, in which the image to be viewed is formed by the refraction of light in passing through a convex lens.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*frac"to*ri*ly</hw> <pr>(r?*fr?k"t?*r?*l?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a refractory manner; perversely; obstinately.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*frac"to*ri*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or condition of being refractory.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*frac"to*ry</hw> <pr>(-r?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>refractorius</ets>, fr. <ets>refringere</ets>: cf.  F. <ets>refractaire</ets>. See <er>Refract</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Obstinate in disobedience; contumacious; stubborn; unmanageable; <as>as, a <ex>refractory</ex> child; a <ex>refractory</ex> beast</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Raging appetites that are<br/>
Most disobedient and <qex>refractory</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Shak.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Resisting ordinary treatment; difficult of fusion, reduction, or the like; -- said especially of metals and the like, which do not readily yield to heat, or to the hammer; <as>as, a <ex>refractory</ex> ore</as>.</def><br/>
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<p><syn><b>Syn.</b> -- Perverse; contumacious; unruly; stubborn; obstinate; unyielding; ungovernable; unmanageable.</syn><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*frac"to*ry</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A refractory person.</def>  <rj><au>Bp. Hall.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Refractoriness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Jer. TAylor.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>O<xex>Pottery</xex>) A piece of ware covered with a vaporable flux and placed in a kiln, to communicate a glaze to the other articles.</def>  <rj><au>Knight.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*frac"ture</hw> <pr>(r?*fr?k"t?r;135)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>A second breaking (as of a badly set bone) by the surgeon.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*frac"ture</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>To break again, as a bone.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Ref"ra*ga*ble</hw> <pr>(r?f"r?*g?*b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[LL. <ets>refragabilis</ets>, fr. L.  <ets>refragari</ets> to oppose.]</ety> <def>Capable of being refuted; refutable.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> -- <wordforms><wf>Ref"ra*ga*ble*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos> <mark>[R.]</mark> -- <wf>Ref`ra*ga*bil"i*ty</wf> <pr>(-b&unr_;l`&unr_;*t&unr_;)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <mark>[R.]</mark></wordforms><br/>
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<p><hw>Ref"ra*gate</hw> <pr>(-g?t)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>refragatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>refragor</ets>.]</ety> <def>To oppose.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>  <rj><au>Glanvill.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*frain"</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*fr&amacr;n")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Refrained</conjf> <pr>(-fr&amacr;nd")</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Refraining</conjf>.]</vmorph> <ety>[OE. <ets>refreinen</ets>, OF. <ets>refrener</ets>, F. <ets>refr&eacute;ner</ets>, fr. L. <ets>refrenare</ets>; influenced by OF. <ets>refraindre</ets> to restrain, moderate, fr. LL.  <ets>refrangere</ets>, for L. <ets>refringere</ets> to break up, break (see <er>Refract</er>). L. <ets>refrenare</ets> is fr. pref. <ets>re-</ets> back + <ets>frenum</ets> bridle; cf. Skr. <ets>dh&rsdot_;</ets> to hold.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To hold back; to restrain; to keep within prescribed bounds; to curb; to govern.</def><br/>
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<p><q>His reason <qex>refraineth</qex> not his foul delight or talent.</q> <rj><qau>Chaucer.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><q><qex>Refrain</qex> thy foot from their path.</q> <rj><qau>Prov. i. 15.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To abstain from.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
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<p><q>Who, requiring a remedy for his gout, received no other counsel than to <qex>refrain</qex> cold drink.</q> <rj><qau>Sir T. Browne.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*frain"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To keep one's self from action or interference; to hold aloof; to forbear; to abstain.</def><br/>
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<p><q><qex>Refrain</qex> from these men, and let them alone.</q> <rj><qau>Acts v. 38.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><q>They <qex>refrained</qex> therefrom [eating flesh] some time after.</q> <rj><qau>Sir T. Browne.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><syn><b>Syn.</b> -- To hold back; forbear; abstain; withhold.</syn><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*frain"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>refrain</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>refraindre</ets>; cf. Pr. <ets>refranhs</ets> a refrain, <ets>refranher</ets> to repeat. See <er>Refract</er>,<er>Refrain</er>, <pos>v.</pos>]</ety> <def>The burden of a song; a phrase or verse which recurs at the end of each of the separate stanzas or divisions of a poetic composition.</def><br/>
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<p><q>We hear the wild <qex>refrain</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Whittier.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*frain"er</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*fr&amacr;n"&etilde_;r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who refrains.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*frain"ment</hw> <pr>(-m<it>e</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Act of refraining.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*frame"</hw> <pr>(r&euptack_;*fr&amacr;m)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To frame again or anew.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*fran`gi*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(r?*fr?n`j?*b?l"?*t?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r&eacute;frangibilit&eacute;</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality of being refrangible.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*fran"gi*ble</hw> <pr>(-fr?n"j?*b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r&eacute;frangible</ets>. See <er>Refract</er>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being refracted, or turned out of a direct course, in passing from one medium to another, as rays of light.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Re*fran"gi*ble*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms><br/>
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<p><hw>Ref`re*na"tion</hw> <pr>(r?f`r?*n?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>refrenatio</ets>. See <er>Refrain</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <def>The act of refraining.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*fresh"</hw> <pr>(r?*fr?sh")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Refreshed</conjf> <pr>(-fr?sht")</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Refreshing</conjf>.]</vmorph> <ety>[OE. <ets>refreshen</ets>, <ets>refreschen</ets>, OF. <ets>refreschir</ets> (cf. OF. <ets>rafraischir</ets>, <ets>rafreschir</ets>, F.  <ets>rafra&unr_;chir</ets>); pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>fres</ets> fresh. F. <ets>frais</ets>. See <er>Fresh</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make fresh again; to restore strength, spirit, animation, or the like, to; to relieve from fatigue or depression; to reinvigorate; to enliven anew; to reanimate; <as>as, sleep <ex>refreshes</ex> the body and the mind</as>.</def>  <rj><au>Chaucer.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><q>Foer they have <qex>refreshed</qex> my spirit and yours.</q> <rj><qau>1 Cor. xvi. 18.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><q>And labor shall <qex>refresh</qex> itself with hope.</q> <rj><qau>Shak.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To make as if new; to repair; to restore.</def><br/>
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<p><q>The rest <qex>refresh</qex> the scaly snakes that fol&unr_;<br/>
The shield of Pallas, and renew their gold.</q> <rj><qau>Dryden.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><cs><col><b>To refresh the memory</b></col>, <cd>to quicken or strengthen it, as by a reference, review, memorandum, or suggestion.</cd></cs><br/>
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<p><syn><b>Syn.</b> -- To cool; refrigerate; invigorate; revive; reanimate; renovate; renew; restore; recreate; enliven; cheer.</syn><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*fresh"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of refreshing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Daniel.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*fresh"er</hw> <pr>(-?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who, or that which, refreshes.</def><br/>
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<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>An extra fee paid to counsel in a case that has been adjourned from one term to another, or that is unusually protracted.</def><br/>
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<p><q>Ten guineas a day is the highest <qex>refresher</qex> which a counsel can charge.</q> <rj><qau>London Truth.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*fresh"ful</hw> <pr>(-f?l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Full of power to refresh; refreshing.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Re*fresh"ful*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*fresh"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Reviving; reanimating.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Re*fresh"ing*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> -- <wf>Re*fresh"ing*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*fresh"ment</hw> <pr>(-m<it>e</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[CF. OF. <ets>refreschissement</ets>, F. <ets>rafra&icirc;chissement</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of refreshing, or the state of being refreshed; restoration of strength, spirit, vigor, or liveliness; relief after suffering; new life or animation after depression.</def><br/>
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<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>That which refreshes; means of restoration or reanimation; especially, an article of food or drink.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*fret"</hw> <pr>(r?*fr?t")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF. <ets>refret</ets>, L. <ets>refractus</ets>, p. p. See <er>Refrain</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, <er>Refract</er>.]</ety> <def>Refrain.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Bailey.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*freyd"</hw> <pr>(r?*fr?d")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[OF. <ets>refreidier</ets>.]</ety> <def>To chill; to cool.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
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<p><q><qex>Refreyded</qex> by sickness . . . or by cold drinks.</q> <rj><qau>Chaucer.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Ref`ri*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(r?f`r?*k?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>refricare</ets> to rub again.]</ety> <def>A rubbing up afresh; a brightening.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
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<p><q>A continual <qex>refrication</qex> of the memory.</q> <rj><qau>Bp. Hall.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*frig"er*ant</hw> <pr>(r?*fr?j"?r-<it>a</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>refrigerans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>refrigerare</ets>: cf. F. <ets>r&eacute;frig&eacute;rant</ets>. See <er>Refrigerate</er>.]</ety> <def>Cooling; allaying heat or fever.</def>  <rj><au>Bacon.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*frig"er*ant</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>That which makes to be cool or cold; specifically, a medicine or an application for allaying fever, or the symptoms of fever; -- used also figuratively.</def> <au>Holland.</au> &ldquo;A <xex>refrigerant</xex> to passion.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Blair.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*frig"er*ate</hw> <pr>(-&amacr;t)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Refrigerated</conjf> <pr>(-&amacr;`t&ebreve_;d)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Refrigerating</conjf>.]</vmorph> <ety>[L. <ets>refrigeratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>refrigerare</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>frigerare</ets> to make cool, fr. <ets>frigus</ets>, <ets>frigoris</ets>, coolness. See <er>Frigid</er>.]</ety> <def>To cause to become cool; to make or keep cold or cool.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*frig`er*a"tion</hw> <pr>(-?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r&eacute;frig&eacute;ration</ets>, L.  <ets>refrigeratio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act or process of refrigerating or cooling, or the state of being cooled.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*frig"er*a*tive</hw> <pr>(r?*fr?j"?r*?*t?v)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r&eacute;frig&eacute;ratif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Cooling; allaying heat.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>A refrigerant.</def></def2><br/>
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<p><q>Crazed brains should come under a <qex>refrigerative</qex> treatment.</q> <rj><qau>I. Taylor.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*frig"er*a`tor</hw> <pr>(-?`t?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>That which refrigerates or makes cold; that which keeps cool.</def> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A box or room for keeping food or other articles cool, usually by means of ice.</def><!-- now by a mechanical cooling mechanism. --> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An apparatus for rapidly cooling heated liquids or vapors, connected with a still, etc.</def><br/>
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<p><cs><col><b>Refrigerator car</b></col> <fld>(Railroad)</fld>, <cd>a freight car constructed as a refrigerator, for the transportation of fresh meats, fish, etc., in a temperature kept cool by ice.</cd></cs><!-- or by mechanical refrigeration --><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*frig"er*a*to*ry</hw> <pr>(-?*t?*r?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>refrigeratorius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Mitigating heat; cooling.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*frig"er*a*to*ry</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu><it>pl.</it> <plw>-ries</plw> <pr>(-fr&unr_;z)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[CF. F. <ets>r&eacute;frig&eacute;ratoire</ets>.]</ety> <def>That which refrigerates or cools.</def> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>In distillation, a vessel filled with cold water, surrounding the worm, the vapor in which is thereby condensed.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The chamber, or tank, in which ice is formed, in an ice machine.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>&Verbar;Ref`ri*ge"ri*um</hw> <pr>(r?f`r?*j?"r?*?m)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>Cooling refreshment; refrigeration.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>South.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*frin"gen*cy</hw> <pr>(r?*fr?n"j<it>e</it>n*s?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The power possessed by a substance to refract a ray; <as>as, different substances have different <ex>refringencies</ex></as>.</def>  <rj><au>Nichol.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*frin"gent</hw> <pr>(-j<it>e</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>refringens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>refringere</ets>. See <er>Refract</er>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or possessing, refringency; refractive; refracting; <as>as, a <ex>refringent</ex> prism of spar</as>.</def>  <rj><au>Nichol.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Reft</hw> <pr>(r?ft)</pr>, <pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <mord>of <er>Reave</er></mord>. <def>Bereft.</def><br/>
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<p><q><qex>Reft</qex> of thy sons, amid thy foes forlorn.</q> <rj><qau>Heber.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Reft</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A chink; a rift. See <er>Rift</er>.</def>  <rj><au>Rom. of R.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Ref"uge</hw> <pr>(r?f"?j)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>r&eacute;fuge</ets>, L. <ets>refugium</ets>, fr. <ets>refugere</ets> to flee back; pref. <ets>re-</ets> + <ets>figere</ets>. SEe <er>Fugitive</er>.]</ety><br/>
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<p><sn>1.</sn> <def>Shelter or protection from danger or distress.</def><br/>
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<p><q>Rocks, dens, and caves! But I in none of these<br/>
Find place or <qex>refuge</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Milton.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><q>We might have a strong consolation, who have fled for <qex>refuge</qex> to lay hold upon the hope set before us.</q> <rj><qau>Heb. vi. 18.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>That which shelters or protects from danger, or from distress or calamity; a stronghold which protects by its strength, or a sanctuary which secures safety by its sacredness; a place inaccessible to an enemy.</def><br/>
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<p><q>The high hills are a <qex>refuge</qex>r the wild goats.</q> <rj><qau>Ps. civ. 18.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><q>The Lord also will be a <qex>refuge</qex> for the oppressed.</q> <rj><qau>Ps. ix. 9.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><!-- p. 1209 --></p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>An expedient to secure protection or defense; a device or contrivance.</def><br/>
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<p><q>Their latest <qex>refuge</qex><br/>
Was to send him.</q> <rj><qau>Shak.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><q>Light must be supplied, among graceful<qex>refuges</qex>, by terracing &unr_;&unr_;&unr_; story in danger of darkness.</q> <rj><qau>Sir H. Wotton.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><cs><col><b>Cities of refuge</b></col> <fld>(Jewish Antiq.)</fld>, <cd>certain cities appointed as places of safe refuge for persons who had committed homicide without design. Of these there were three on each side of Jordan.</cd> <au>Josh. xx.</au> -- <col><b>House of refuge</b></col>, <cd>a charitable institution for giving shelter and protection to the homeless, destitute, or tempted.</cd></cs><br/>
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<p><syn><b>Syn.</b> -- Shelter; asylum; retreat; covert.</syn><br/>
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<p><hw>Ref"uge</hw> <pr>(r?f"?j)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To shelter; to protect.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
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<p><hw>Ref`u*gee"</hw> <pr>(r?f`?*j?")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>r&eacute;fugi&eacute;</ets>, fr. <ets>se r&eacute;fugier</ets> to take refuge. See <er>Refuge</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who flees to a shelter, or place of safety.</def><br/>
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<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Especially, one who, in times of persecution or political commotion, flees to a foreign power or country for safety; <as>as, the French <ex>refugees</ex> who left France after the revocation of the edict of Nantes</as>.</def><br/>
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<p><mhw>{ <hw>Re*ful"gence</hw> <pr>(r?*f?l"j<it>e</it>ns)</pr>, <hw>Re*ful"gen*cy</hw> <pr>(-j<it>e</it>n*s?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>refulgentia</ets>. See <er>Refulgent</er>.]</ety> <def>The quality of being refulgent; brilliancy; splender; radiance.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*ful"gent</hw> <pr>(r?*f?l"j&eitalic_;nt)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>refulgens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>refulgere</ets> to flash back, to shine bright; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>fulgere</ets> to shine. See <er>Fulgent</er>.]</ety> <def>Casting a bright light; radiant; brilliant; resplendent; shining; splendid; <as>as, <ex>refulgent</ex> beams</as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Re*ful"gent*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms><br/>
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<p><q>So conspicuous and <qex>refulgent</qex> a truth.</q> <rj><qau>Boyle.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*fund"</hw> <pr>(r?*f?nd")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re-</ets> + <ets>fund</ets>.]</ety> <def>To fund again or anew; to replace (a fund or loan) by a new fund; <as>as, to <ex>refund</ex> a railroad loan</as>.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*fund"</hw> <pr>(r?*f?nd")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>refundere</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>fundere</ets> to pour: cf. F. <ets>refondre</ets>, <ets>refonder</ets>. See <er>Fuse</er> to melt, and cf. <er>Refound</er> to cast again, 1st <er>Refuse</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To pour back.</def> <mark>[R. &amp; Obs.]</mark><br/>
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<p><q>Were the humors of the eye tinctured with any color, they would <qex>refund</qex> that color upon the object.</q> <rj><qau>Ray.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To give back; to repay; to restore.</def><br/>
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<p><q>A governor, that had pillaged the people, was . . . sentenced to <qex>refund</qex> what he had wrongfully taken.</q> <rj><qau>L'Estrange.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>To supply again with funds; to reimburse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*fund"er</hw> <pr>(-?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who refunds.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*fund"ment</hw> <pr>(-m<it>e</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of refunding; also, that which is refunded.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>  <rj><au>Lamb.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*fur"bish</hw> <pr>(r?*f?r"b?sh)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To furbish anew.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*fur"nish</hw> <pr>(-n?sh)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To furnish again.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*fur"nish*ment</hw> <pr>(-m<it>e</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of refurnishing, or state of being refurnished.</def><br/>
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<p><q>The <qex>refurnishment</qex> was in a style richer than before.</q> <rj><qau>L. Wallace.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*fus"a*ble</hw> <pr>(r?*f?z"?*b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>refusable</ets>. See <er>Refuse</er>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being refused; admitting of refusal.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*fus"al</hw> <pr>(-<it>a</it>l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of refusing; denial of anything demanded, solicited, or offered for acceptance.</def><br/>
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<p><q>Do they not seek occasion of new quarrels,<br/>
On my <qex>refusal</qex>, to distress me more?</q> <rj><qau>Milton.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>The right of taking in preference to others; the choice of taking or refusing; option; <as>as, to give one the <ex>refusal</ex> of a farm; to have the <ex>refusal</ex> of an employment</as>.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*fuse"</hw> <pr>(r?*f?z")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Refused</conjf> <pr>(-f?zd")</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Refusing</conjf>.]</vmorph> <ety>[F. <ets>refuser</ets>, either from (assumed) LL. <ets>refusare</ets> to refuse, v. freq. of L.  <ets>refundere</ets> to pour back, give back, restore (see <er>Refund</er> to repay), or. fr. L. <ets>recusare</ets> to decline, refuse cf. <er>Accuse</er>, <er>Ruse</er>), influenced by L. <ets>refutare</ets> to drive back, repel, refute.  Cf. <er>Refute</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To deny, as a request, demand, invitation, or command; to decline to do or grant.</def><br/>
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<p><q>That never yet <qex>refused</qex> your hest.</q> <rj><qau>Chaucer.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>To throw back, or cause to keep back (as the center, a wing, or a flank), out of the regular aligment when troops ar&unr_; about to engage the enemy; <as>as, to <ex>refuse</ex> the right wing while the left wing attacks</as>.</def><br/>
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<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>To decline to accept; to reject; to deny the request or petition of; <as>as, to <ex>refuse</ex> a suitor</as>.</def><br/>
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<p><q>The cunning workman never doth <qex>refuse</qex><br/>
The meanest tool that he may chance to use.</q> <rj><qau>Herbert.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><sn>4.</sn> <def>To disown.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> &ldquo;<xex>Refuse</xex> thy name.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Shak.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*fuse"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To deny compliance; not to comply.</def><br/>
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<p><q>Too proud to ask, too humble to <qex>refuse</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Garth.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><q>If ye <qex>refuse</qex> . . . ye shall be devoured with the sword.</q> <rj><qau>Isa. i. 20.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*fuse"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Refusal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Fairfax.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Ref`use</hw> <pr>(r?f"?s;277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>refus</ets> refusal, also, that which is refused. See <er>Refuse</er> to deny.]</ety> <def>That which is refused or rejected as useless; waste or worthless matter.</def><br/>
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<p><syn><b>Syn.</b> -- Dregs; sediment; scum; recrement; dross.</syn><br/>
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<p><hw>Ref"use</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Refused; rejected; hence; left as unworthy of acceptance; of no value; worthless.</def><br/>
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<p><q>Everything that was vile and <qex>refuse</qex>, that they destroyed utterly.</q> <rj><qau>1. Sam. xv. 9.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*fus"er</hw> <pr>(r?*f?z"?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who refuses or rejects.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*fu"sion</hw> <pr>(r?*f?"zh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re-+ fusion</ets>.]</ety><br/>
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<p><sn>1.</sn> <def>New or repeated melting, as of metals.</def><br/>
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<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Restoration.</def> &ldquo;This doctrine of the <xex>refusion</xex> of the soul.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Bp. Warbuton.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Ref"ut</hw> <pr>(r&ebreve_;f"&usdot_;t)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF. <ets>refuite</ets>.]</ety> <def>Refuge.</def> &ldquo;Thou haven of <xex>refut</xex>.&rdquo; <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Chaucer.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*fut`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(r?*f?t`?*b?l"?*t?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of being refutable.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*fut"a*ble</hw> <pr>(r?*f?t"?*b'l;277)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r&eacute;futable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Admitting of being refuted or disproved; capable of being proved false or erroneous.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*fut"al</hw> <pr>(r?*f?t"<it>a</it>l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Act of refuting; refutation.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Ref`u*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(r?f`?*t?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>refutatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>r&eacute;futation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act or process of refuting or disproving, or the state of being refuted; proof of falsehood or error; the overthrowing of an argument, opinion, testimony, doctrine, or theory, by argument or countervailing proof.</def><br/>
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<p><q>Same of his blunders seem rather to deserve a flogging than a <qex>refutation</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Macaulay.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*fut"a*to*ry</hw> <pr>(r?*f?t"?*t?*r?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>refutatorius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>r&eacute;futatoire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Tending tu refute; refuting.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*fute"</hw> <pr>(r?*F3t")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Refuted</conjf>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Refuting</conjf>.]</vmorph> <ety>[F. <ets>r&eacute;futer</ets>, L. <ets>refuteare</ets> to repel, refute.  Cf. <er>Confute</er>, <er>Refuse</er> to deny.]</ety> <def>To disprove and overthrow by argument, evidence, or countervailing proof; to prove to be false or erroneous; to confute; <as>as, to <ex>refute</ex> arguments; to <ex>refute</ex> testimony; to <ex>refute</ex> opinions or theories; to <ex>refute</ex> a disputant.</as></def><br/>
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<p><q>There were so many witnesses in these two miracles that it is impossible to <qex>refute</qex> such multitudes.</q> <rj><qau>Addison.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><syn><b>Syn.</b> -- To confute; disprove. See <er>Confute</er>.</syn><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*fut"er</hw> <pr>(-f?t"?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or that which, refutes.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*gain"</hw> <pr>(r?*g?n")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re-</ets> + <ets>gain</ets>: cf. F. <ets>regagner</ets>.]</ety> <def>To gain anew; to get again; to recover, as what has escaped or been lost; to reach again.</def><br/>
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<p><syn><b>Syn.</b> -- To recover; reobtain; repossess; retrieve.</syn><br/>
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<p><hw>Re"gal</hw> <pr>(r?"g<it>a</it>l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>regalis</ets>, fr. <ets>rex</ets>, <ets>regis</ets>, a king. See <er>Royal</er>, and cf. <er>Rajah</er>, <er>Realm</er>, <er>Regalia</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a king; kingly; royal; <as>as, <ex>regal</ex> authority, pomp, or sway</as>.</def> &ldquo;The <xex>regal</xex> title.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Shak.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><q>He made a scorn of his <qex>regal</qex> oath.</q> <rj><qau>Milton.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><syn><b>Syn.</b> -- Kingly; royal. See <er>Kingly</er>.</syn><br/>
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<p><hw>Re"gal</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>r&eacute;gale</ets>, It. <ets>regale</ets>. CF. <er>Rigoll</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A small portable organ, played with one hand, the bellows being worked with the other, -- used in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>&Verbar;Re*ga"le</hw> <pr>(r?*g?"l?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL. <ets>regale</ets>, pl. <ets>regalia</ets>, fr. L. <ets>regalis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>r&eacute;gale</ets>. See <er>Regal</er>.]</ety> <def>A prerogative of royalty.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>  <rj><au>Johnson.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*gale"</hw> <pr>(r?*g?l)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Regaled</conjf> <pr>(-g?ld")</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Regaling</conjf>.]</vmorph> <ety>[F. <ets>r&eacute;galer</ets>, Sp. <ets>regalar</ets> to regale, to caress, to melt, perhaps fr. L. <ets>regalare</ets> to thaw (cff. <er>Gelatin</er>), or cf. Sp. <ets>gala</ets> graceful, pleasing address, choicest part of a thing (cf. <er>Gala</er>), or most likely from OF. <ets>galer</ets> to rejoice, <ets>gale</ets> pleasure.]</ety> <def>To enerta&unr_;n in a regal or sumptuous manner; to enrtertain with something that delights; to gratify; to refresh; <as>as, to <ex>regale</ex> the taste, the eye, or the ear</as>.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*gale"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To feast; t&unr_; fare sumtuously.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*gale"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>r&eacute;gal</ets>. See <er>Regale</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <def>A sumptuous repast; a banquet.</def>  <rj><au>Johnson. Cowper.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><q>Two baked custards were produced as additions to the <qex>regale</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>E. E. Hale.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*gale"ment</hw> <pr>(-m<it>e</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of regaling; anything which regales; refreshment; entertainment.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*gal"er</hw> <pr>(-g?l"?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who regales.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*ga"li*a</hw> <pr>(r?*g?"l?*?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[LL., from L. <ets>regalis</ets>regal. See <er>Regal</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>That which belongs to royalty. Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> The rights and prerogatives of a king. <sd>(b)</sd> Royal estates and revenues. <sd>(c)</sd> Ensings, symbols, or paraphernalia of royalty.</def><br/>
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<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, decorations or insignia of an office or order, as of Freemasons, Odd Fellows,etc.</def><br/>
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<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>Sumptuous food; delicacies.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Cotton.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><cs><col><b>Regalia of a church</b></col>, <cd>the privileges granted to it by kings; sometimes, its patrimony.</cd>  <rj><au>Brande &amp; C.</au></rj></cs><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*ga"li*a</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A kind of cigar of large size and superior quality; also, the size in which such cigars are classed.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*ga"li*an</hw> <pr>(-<it>a</it>n)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining to regalia; pertaining to the royal insignia or prerogatives.</def>  <rj><au>Hallam.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Re"gal*ism</hw> <pr>(r?"g<it>a</it>l*?z'm)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The doctrine of royal prerogative or supremacy.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>  <rj><au>Cardinal Manning.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*gal"i*ty</hw> <pr>(r?*g?l"?*t?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL. <ets>regalitas</ets>, from L. <ets>regalis</ets> regal, royal. See <er>Regal</er>, and cf. <er>Royality</er>.]</ety><br/>
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<p><sn>1.</sn> <def>Royalty; sovereignty; sovereign jurisdiction.</def><br/>
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<p><q>[Passion] robs reason of her due <qex>regalitie</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Spenser.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><q>He came partly in by the sword, and had high courage in all points of <qex>regality</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Bacon.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>An ensign or badge of royalty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
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<p><hw>Re"gal*ly</hw> <pr>(r?"g<it>a</it>l*l?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a regal or royal manner.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*gard"</hw> <pr>(r?*g?rd")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Regarded</conjf>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Regarding</conjf>.]</vmorph> <ety>[F. <ets>regarder</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re + <ets>garder</ets> to guard, heed, keep. See <er>Guard</er>, and cf. <er>Reward</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To keep in view; to behold; to look at; to view; to gaze upon.</def><br/>
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<p><q>Your niece <qex>regards</qex> me with an eye of favor.</q> <rj><qau>Shak.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, to look or front toward; to face.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
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<p><q>It is peninsula which <qex>regardeth</qex> the mainland.</q> <rj><qau>Sandys.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><q>That exceedingly beatiful seat, on the ass&unr_;ent of a hill, flanked with wood and <qex>regarding</qex> the river.</q> <rj><qau>Evelyn.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>To look closely at; to observe attentively; to pay attention to; to notice or remark particularly.</def><br/>
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<p><q>If much you note him,<br/>
You offened him; . . . feed, and <qex>regard</qex> him not.</q> <rj><qau>Shak.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><sn>4.</sn> <def>To look upon, as in a certain relation; to hold as an popinion; to consider; <as>as, to <ex>regard</ex> abstinence from wine as a duty; to <ex>regard</ex> another as a friend or enemy.</as></def><br/>
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<p><sn>5.</sn> <def>To consider and treat; to have a certain feeling toward; <as>as, to <ex>regard</ex> one with favor or dislike</as>.</def><br/>
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<p><q>His associates seem to have <qex>regarded</qex> him with kindness.</q> <rj><qau>Macaulay.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><sn>6.</sn> <def>To pay respect to; to treat as something of peculiar value, sanctity, or the like; to care for; to esteem.</def><br/>
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<p><q>He that <qex>regardeth</qex> thae day, <qex>regardeth</qex> it into the LOrd.</q> <rj><qau>Rom. xiv. 6.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><q>Here's Beaufort, that <qex>regards</qex> nor God nor king.</q> <rj><qau>Shak.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><sn>7.</sn> <def>To take into consideration; to take account of, as a fact or condition.</def> &ldquo;Nether <xex>regarding</xex> that she is my child, nor fearing me as if II were her father.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Shak.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><sn>8.</sn> <def>To have relation to, as bearing upon; to respect; to relate to; to touch; <as>as, an argument does not <ex>regard</ex> the question</as>; -- often used impersonally; <as>as, I agree with you as <ex>regards</ex> this or that</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><syn><b>Syn.</b> -- To consider; observe; remark; heed; mind; respect; esteem; estimate; value. See <er>Attend</er>.</syn><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*gard"</hw> <pr>(r?*g?rd")</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To look attentively; to consider; to notice.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Shak.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*gard"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>regard</ets> See <er>Regard</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A look; aspect directed to another; view; gaze.</def><br/>
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<p><q>But her, with stern <qex>regard</qex>, he thus repelled.</q> <rj><qau>Milton.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Attention of the mind with a feeling of interest; observation; heed; notice.</def><br/>
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<p><q>Full many a lady<br/>
I have eyed with best <qex>regard</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Shak.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>That view of the mind which springs from perception of value, estimable qualities, or anything that excites admiration; respect; esteem; reverence; affection; <as>as, to have a high <ex>regard</ex> for a person</as>; -- often in the plural.</def><br/>
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<p><q>He has rendered himself worthy of their most favorable <qex>regards</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>A. Smith.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Save the long-sought <qex>regards</qex> of woman, nothing is sweeter than those marks of childish preference.</q> <rj><qau>Hawthorne.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>4.</sn> <def>State of being regarded, whether favorably or otherwise; estimation; repute; note; account.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>A man of meanest <qex>regard</qex> amongst them, neither having wealth or power.</q> <rj><qau>Spenser.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>5.</sn> <def>Consideration; thought; reflection; heed.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Sad pause and deep <qex>regard</qex> become the sage.</q> <rj><qau>Shak.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>6.</sn> <def>Matter for consideration; account; condition.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> &ldquo;Reason full of good <xex>regard</xex>.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Shak.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>7.</sn> <def>Respect; relation; reference.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Persuade them to pursue and persevere in virtue, with <qex>regard</qex> to themselves; in justice and goodness with <qex>regard</qex> to their neighbors; and piefy toward God.</q> <rj><qau>I. Watts.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><note>&hand_; The phrase <xex>in regard of</xex> was formerly used as equivalent in meaning to <xex>on account of</xex>, but in modern usage is often improperly substituted for <xex>in respect to</xex>, or <xex>in regard to</xex>.</note>  <rj><au>G. P. Marsh.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Change was thought necessary <qex>in regard of</qex> the injury the church did receive by a number of things then in use.</q> <rj><qau>Hooker.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q><qex>In regard of</qex> its security, it had a great advantage over the bandboxes.</q> <rj><qau>Dickens.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>8.</sn> <def>Object of sight; scene; view; aspect.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Throw out our eyes for brave Othello,<br/>
Even till we make the main and the a&euml;rial blue<br/>
An indistinct <qex>regard</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Shak.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>9.</sn> <fld>(O.Eng.Law)</fld> <def>Supervision; inspection.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>At regard of</b></col>, <cd>in consideration of; in comparison with.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  &ldquo;Bodily penance is but short and little <xex>at regard of</xex> the pains of hell.&rdquo; <au>Chaucer.</au> -- <col><b>Court of regard</b></col>, <cd>a forest court formerly held in England every third year for the lawing, or expeditation, of dogs, to prevent them from running after deer; -- called also <altname>survey of dogs</altname>.</cd> <au>Blackstone.</au></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><syn><b>Syn.</b> -- Respect; consideration; notice; observance; heed; care; concern; estimation; esteem; attachment; reverence.</syn><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*gard"a*ble</hw> <pr>(-?*b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Worthy of regard or notice; to be regarded; observable.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>  <rj><au>Sir T. Browne.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*gard"ant</hw> <pr>(-<it>a</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>regardant</ets>, fr. <ets>regarder</ets>. See <er>Regard</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>regardant</asp>.]</altsp> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Looking behind; looking backward watchfully.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>[He] turns thither his <qex>regardant</qex> eye.</q> <rj><qau>Southey.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Looking behind or backward; <as>as, a lion <ex>regardant</ex></as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <fld>(O.Eng.Law)</fld> <def>Annexed to the land or manor; <as>as, a villain <ex>regardant</ex></as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*gard"er</hw> <pr>(r?*g?rd"?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who regards.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Eng. Forest law)</fld> <def>An officer appointed to supervise the forest.</def>  <rj><au>Cowell.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*gard"ful</hw> <pr>(-f?l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Heedful; attentive; observant.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Re*gard"ful*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Let a man be very tender and <qex>regardful</qex> of every pious motion made by the Spirit of God to his heart.</q> <rj><qau>South.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><syn><b>Syn.</b> -- Mindful; heedful; attentive; observant.</syn><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*gard"ing</hw>, <pos>prep.</pos> <def>Concerning; respecting.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*gard"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Having no regard; heedless; careless; <as>as, <ex>regardless</ex> of life, consequences, dignity</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q><qex>Regardless</qex> of the bliss wherein he sat.</q> <rj><qau>Milton.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Not regarded; slighted.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>  <rj><au>Spectator.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><syn><b>Syn.</b> -- Heedless; negligent; careless; indifferent; unconcerned; inattentive; unobservant; neglectful.</syn><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p>-- <wordforms><wf>Re*gard"less*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> -- <wf>Re*gard"less*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*gath"er</hw> <pr>(r?*g?th"?r)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To gather again.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*gat"ta</hw> <pr>(r?*g?t"t?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu><it>pl.</it> <plw>Regattas</plw> <pr>(-t&unr_;z)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[It. <ets>regatta</ets>, <ets>regata</ets>.]</ety> <def>Originally, a gondola race in Venice; now, a rowing or sailing race, or a series of such races.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re"gel</hw> <pr>(r?"g?l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>See <er>Rigel</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re"ge*late</hw> <pr>(r?"j?*l?t <i>or</i> r?j"?-)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>To freeze together again; to undergo regelation, as ice.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`ge*la"tion</hw> <pr>(-l?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re-</ets> + L. <ets>gelatio</ets> a freezing.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>The act or process of freezing anew, or together,as two pieces of ice.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><note>&hand_; Two pieces of ice at (or even) 32&unr_; Fahrenheit, with moist surfaces, placed in contact, freeze together to a rigid mass. This is called <xex>regelation</xex>.</note>  <rj><au>Faraday.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re"gence</hw> <pr>(r?"j<it>e</it>ns)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Rule.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Hudibras.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re"gen*cy</hw> <pr>(r?*j<it>e</it>n*s?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu><it>pl.</it> <plw>Regencies</plw> <pr>(-s&unr_;z)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[CF. F. <ets>r&eacute;gence</ets>, LL. <ets>regentia</ets>. See <er>Regent</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The office of ruler; rule; authority; government.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Especially, the office, jurisdiction, or dominion of a regent or vicarious ruler, or of a body of regents; deputed or vicarious government.</def>  <rj><au>Sir W. Temple.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>A body of men intrusted with vicarious government; <as>as, a <ex>regency</ex> constituted during a king's minority, absence from the kingdom, or other disability</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>A council or <qex>regency</qex> consisting of twelve persons.</q> <rj><qau>Lowth.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*gen"er*a*cy</hw> <pr>(r?*j?n"?r*?*s?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Regenerate</er>.]</ety> <def>The state of being regenerated.</def>  <rj><au>Hammond.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*gen"er*ate</hw> <pr>(-?t)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>regeneratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>regenerare</ets> to regenerate; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>generare</ets> to beget. See <er>Generate</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Reproduced.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>The earthly author of my blood,<br/>
Whose youthful spirit, in me <qex>regenerate</qex>,<br/>
Doth with a twofold vigor lift me up.</q> <rj><qau>Shak.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>Born anew; become Christian; renovated in heart; changed from a natural to a spiritual state.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><!-- p. 1210 --></p>

<p><hw>Re*gen"er*ate</hw> <pr>(r?*j?n"?r*?t)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To generate or produce anew; to reproduce; to give new life, strength, or vigor to.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Through all the soil a genial fferment spreads.<br/>
<qex>Regenerates</qex> the plauts, and new adorns the meads.</q> <rj><qau>Blackmore.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>To cause to be spiritually born anew; to cause to become a Christian; to convert from sin to holiness; to implant holy affections in the heart of.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>Hence, to make a radical change for the better in the character or condition of; <as>as, to <ex>regenerate</ex> society</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*gen"er*ate*ness</hw> <pr>(-?t*n?s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state of being rgenerate.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*gen`er*a"tion</hw> <pr>(-?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>regeneratio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>r&eacute;g&eacute;neration</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of regenerating, or the state of being regenerated.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>The entering into a new spiritual life; the act of becoming, or of being made, Christian; that change by which holy affectations and purposes are substituted for the opposite motives in the heart.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>He saved us by the washing of <qex>regeneration</qex>, and renewing of the Holy Chost.</q> <rj><qau>Tit. iii. 5.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The reproduction of a part which has been removed or destroyed; re-formation; -- a process especially characteristic of a many of the lower animals; <as>as, the <ex>regeneration</ex> of lost feelers, limbs, and claws by spiders and crabs</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The reproduction or renewal of tissues, cells, etc., which have been used up and destroyed by the ordinary processes of life; <as>as, the continual <ex>regeneration</ex> of the epithelial cells of the body, or the <ex>regeneration</ex> of the contractile substance of muscle</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The union of parts which have been severed, so that they become anatomically perfect; <as>as, the <ex>regeneration</ex> of a nerve</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*gen"er*a*tive</hw> <pr>(r?*j?n"?r*?*t?v)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining to regeneration; tending to regenerate; <as>as, <ex>regenerative</ex> influences</as>.</def>  <rj><au>H. Bushnell.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Regenerative furnace</b></col> <fld>(Metal.)</fld>, <cd>a furnace having a regenerator in which gas used for fuel, and air for supporting combustion, are heated; a Siemens furnace.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*gen"er*a*tive*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>So as to regenerate.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*gen"er*a`tor</hw> <pr>(-?`t?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who, or that which, regenerates.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>A device used in connection with hot-air engines, gas-burning furnaces, etc., in which the incoming air or gas is heated by being brought into contact with masses of iron, brick, etc., which have been previously heated by the outgoing, or escaping, hot air or gas.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*gen"er*a*to*ry</hw> <pr>(-?*t?*r?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having power to renew; tending to reproduce; regenerating.</def>  <rj><au>G. S. Faber.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*gen"e*sis</hw> <pr>(-?*s?s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>New birth; renewal.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>A continued <qex>regenesis</qex> of dissenting sects.</q> <rj><qau>H. Spenser.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re"gent</hw> <pr>(r?"j<it>e</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>regens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>regere</ets> to rule: cf. F. <ets>r&eacute;gent</ets>. See <er>Regiment</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Ruling; governing; regnant.</def> &ldquo;Some other active <xex>regent</xex> principle . . . which we call the soul.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Sir M. Hale.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Exercising vicarious authority.</def>  <rj><au>Milton.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Queen regent</b></col>. <cd>See under <er>Queen</er>, <pos>n.</pos></cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re"gent</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>r&eacute;gent</ets>. See <er>Regent</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who rules or reigns; a governor; a ruler.</def>  <rj><au>Milton.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Especially, one invested with vicarious authority; one who governs a kingdom in the minority, absence, or disability of the sovereign.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>One of a governing board; a trustee or overseer; a superintendent; a curator; <as>as, the <ex>regents</ex> of the Smithsonian Institution</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Eng.Univ.)</fld> <def>A resident master of arts of less than five years' standing, or a doctor of less than twwo. They were formerly privileged to lecture in the schools.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Regent bird</b></col> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld>, <cd>a beautiful Australian bower bird (<spn>Sericulus melinus</spn>). The male has the head, neck, and large patches on the wings, bright golden yellow, and the rest of the plumage deep velvety black; -- so called in honor of the Prince of Wales (afterward George IV.), who was Prince Regent in the reign of George III.</cd> -- <col><b>The Regents of the University of the State of New York</b></col>, <cd>the members of a corporate body called the University of New York. They have a certain supervisory power over the incorporated institution for Academic and higher education in the State.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re"gent di"a*mond</hw>. <def>A famous diamond of fine quality, which weighs about 137 carats and is among the state jewels of France. It is so called from the Duke of Orleans, Regent of France, to whom it was sold in 1717 by Pitt the English Governor of Madras (whence also called the <altname>Pitt diamond</altname>), who bought it of an Indian merchant in 1701.</def><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re"gent*ess</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A female regent.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>  <rj><au>Cotgrave.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re"gent*ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The office of a regent; regency.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*ger"mi*nate</hw> <pr>(r?*j?r"m?*n?t)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re-</ets> + <ets>germinate</ets>: cf. L. <ets>regerminare</ets>.]</ety> <def>To germinate again.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Perennial plants <qex>regerminate</qex> several years successively.</q> <rj><qau>J. Lee.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*ger`mi*na"tion</hw> <pr>(-n?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>regerminatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>A germinating again or anew.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*gest"</hw> <pr>(r?*j?st")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>regesta</ets>, pl.: cf. OF. <ets>regestes</ets>, pl. See <er>Register</er>.]</ety> <def>A register.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Milton.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*get"</hw> <pr>(r?*g?t")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To get again.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re"gi*an</hw> <pr>(r?"j?-<it>a</it>n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>regius</ets> regal.]</ety> <def>An upholder of kingly authority; a royalist.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Fuller.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Reg"i*ble</hw> <pr>(r&ebreve_;j"&ibreve_;*b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>regibilis</ets>, from <ets>regere</ets> to rule.]</ety> <def>Governable; tractable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Reg"i*ci`dal</hw> <pr>(r&ebreve_;j"&ibreve_;*s&imacr;`d&aitalic_;l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining to regicide, or to one committing it; having the nature of, or resembling, regicide.</def>  <rj><au>Bp. Warburton.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Reg"i*cide</hw> <pr>(r&ebreve_;j"&ibreve_;*s&imacr;d)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>r&eacute;gicide</ets>; L. <ets>rex</ets>, <ets>regis</ets>, a king + <ets>caedere</ets> to kill.  Cf. <er>Homicide</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who kills or who murders a king; specifically <fld>(Eng. Hist.)</fld>, one of the judges who condemned <person>Charles I.</person> to death.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>The killing or the murder of a king.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>&Verbar;Re`gi*dor"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. <plw>-dores</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[Sp., fr. <ets>regir</ets> to rule, L. <ets>regere</ets>.]</ety> <def>One of a body of officers charged with the government of Spanish municipalities, corresponding to the English alderman.</def><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><hw>&Verbar;R&eacute;`gie"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Direct management of public finance or public works by agents of the government for government account; -- opposed to the <contr><colf>contract system</colf></contr>.</def><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn>  <specif>Specif.:</specif> <def>The system of collecting taxes by officials who have either no interest or a very small interest in the proceeds, as distinguished from the ancient system of farming them out.</def><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn>  <def>Any kind of government monopoly (tobacco, salt, etc.) used chiefly as a means of taxation. Such monopolies are largely employed in Austria, Italy, France, and Spain.</def><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*gild"</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;*g&ibreve_;ld")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To gild anew.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>&Verbar;R&eacute;`gime"</hw> <pr>(r?`zh?m")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. See <er>Regimen</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Mode or system of rule or management; character of government, or of the prevailing social system.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>I dream . . . of the new <qex>r&eacute;gime</qex> which is to come.</q> <rj><qau>H. Kingsley.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Hydraul.)</fld> <def>The condition of a river with respect to the rate of its flow, as measured by the volume of water passing different cross sections in a given time, <xex>uniform r&eacute;gime</xex> being the condition when the flow is equal and uniform at all the cross sections.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><mcol><col><b>The ancient r&eacute;gime</b></col>, <it>or</it> <col><b>Ancien r&eacute;gime</b></col></mcol> <ety>[F.]</ety>, <cd>the former political and social system, as distinguished from the <xex>modern</xex>; especially, the political and social system existing in France before the Revolution of 1789.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Reg"i*men</hw> <pr>(r?j"?*m?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>regimen</ets>, <ets>-inis</ets>, fr. <ets>regere</ets> to guide, to rule. See <er>Right</er>, and cf. <er>Regal</er>, <er>R&eacute;gime</er>, <er>Regiment</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Orderly government; system of order; adminisration.</def>  <rj><au>Hallam.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Any regulation or remedy which is intended to produce beneficial effects by gradual operation</def>; esp. <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <def>a systematic course of diet, etc., pursed with a view to improving or preserving the health, or for the purpose of attaining some particular effect, as a reduction of flesh; -- sometimes used synonymously with <altname>hygiene</altname>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A syntactical relation between words, as when one depends on another and is regulated by it in respect to case or mood; government.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The word or words governed.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Reg"i*ment</hw> <pr>(-m<it>e</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>r&eacute;giment</ets> a regiment of men, OF. also government, L. <ets>regimentum</ets> government, fr. <ets>regere</ets> to guide, rule. See <er>Regimen</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Government; mode of ruling; rule; authority; regimen.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <au>Spenser.</au> &ldquo;<xex>Regiment</xex> of health.&rdquo; <au>Bacon.</au><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>But what are kings, when <qex>regiment</qex> is gone,<br/>
But perfect shadows in a sunshine day?</q> <rj><qau>Marlowe.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>The law of nature doth now require of necessity some kind of <qex>regiment</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Hocker.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>A region or district governed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Spenser.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A body of men, either horse, foot, or artillery, commanded by a colonel, and consisting of a number of companies, usually ten.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><note>&hand_; In the British army all the artillery are included in one regiment, which (reversing the usual practice) is divided into brigades.</note><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Regiment of the line</b></col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>a regiment organized for general service; -- in distinction from those (as the Life Guards) whose duties are usually special.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Reg"i*ment</hw> <pr>(-m&eitalic_;nt)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Regimented</conjf>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Regimenting</conjf>.]</vmorph> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To form into a regiment or into regiments.</def>  <rj><au>Washington.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]<br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To form into classified units or bodies; to systematize according to classes, districts or the like.</def></p>

<p><q>The people are organized or <qex>regimented</qex> into bodies, and special functions are relegated to the several units.</q>  <rj><qau>J. W. Powell.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>To organize and manage in a uniform and rigid manner; to control with a strict discipline.</def><br/>
[<source>PJC</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Reg`i*men"tal</hw> <pr>(-m&ebreve_;n"t&aitalic_;l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Belonging to, or concerning, a regiment; <as>as, <ex>regimental</ex> officers, clothing</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Regimental school</b></col>, <cd>in the British army, a school for the instruction of the private soldiers of a regiment, and their children, in the rudimentary branches of education.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Reg`i*men"tal*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In or by a regiment or regiments; <as>as, troops classified <ex>regimentally</ex></as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Reg`i*men"tals</hw> <pr>(-t<it>a</it>lz)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>The uniform worn by the officers and soldiers of a regiment; military dress; -- formerly used in the singular in the same sense.</def>  <rj><au>Colman.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*gim"i*nal</hw> <pr>(r?*j?m"?*n<it>a</it>l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or relating to regimen; <as>as, <ex>regiminal</ex> rules</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re"gion</hw> <pr>(r?"j?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>r&eacute;gion</ets>, from L. <ets>regio</ets> a direction, a boundary line, region, fr. <ets>regere</ets> to guide, direct. See <er>Regimen</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One of the grand districts or quarters into which any space or surface, as of the earth or the heavens, is conceived of as divided; hence, in general, a portion of space or territory of indefinite extent; country; province; district; tract.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>If thence he 'scappe, into whatever world,<br/>
Or unknown <qex>region</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Milton.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Tract, part, or space, lying about and including anything; neighborhood; vicinity; sphere.</def> &ldquo;Though the fork invade the <xex>region</xex> of my heart.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Shak.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Philip, tetrarch of .. the <qex>region</qex> of Trachonitis.</q> <rj><qau>Luke iii. 1.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>The upper air; the sky; the heavens.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Anon the dreadful thunder<br/>
Doth rend the <qex>region</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Shak.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>4.</sn> <def>The inhabitants of a district.</def>  <rj><au>Matt. iii. 5.  </au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>5.</sn> <def>Place; rank; station.</def> <mark>[Obs. or R.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>He is of too high a <qex>region</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Shak.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re"gion*al</hw> <pr>(-<it>a</it>l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining to a particular region; sectional.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re"gi*ous</hw> <pr>(-j?*?s)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>regius</ets> royal, fr. <ets>rex</ets>, <ets>regis</ets>, king.]</ety> <def>Regal; royal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Harrington.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Reg"is*ter</hw> <pr>(r?j"?s*t?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>registre</ets>, F. <ets>registre</ets>, LL. <ets>registrum</ets>,<ets>regestum</ets>, L. <ets>regesta</ets>, pl., fr. <ets>regerere</ets>, <ets>regestum</ets>, to carry back, to register; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>gerere</ets> to carry. See <er>Jest</er>, and cf. <er>Regest</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A written account or entry; an official or formal enumeration, description, or record; a memorial record; a list or roll; a schedule.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>As you have one eye upon my follies, . . . turn another into the <qex>register</qex> of your own.</q> <rj><qau>Shak.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A record containing a list and description of the merchant vessels belonging to a port or customs district.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A certificate issued by the collector of customs of a port or district to the owner of a vessel, containing the description of a vessel, its name, ownership, and other material facts. It is kept on board the vessel, to be used as an evidence of nationality or as a muniment of title.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <ety>[Cf. LL. <ets>registrarius</ets>.  Cf. <er>Regisrar</er>.]</ety> <def>One who registers or records; a registrar; a recorder; especially, a public officer charged with the duty of recording certain transactions or events; <as>as, a <ex>register</ex> of deeds</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>4.</sn> <def>That which registers or records.</def> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>A contrivance for automatically noting the performance of a machine or the rapidity of a process.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Teleg.)</fld> <def>The part of a telegraphic apparatus which records automatically the message received.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A machine for registering automatically the number of persons passing through a gateway, fares taken, etc.; a telltale.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>5.</sn> <def>A lid, stopper, or sliding plate, in a furnace, stove, etc., for regulating the admission of air to the fuel; also, an arrangement containing dampers or shutters, as in the floor or wall of a room or passage, or in a chimney, for admitting or excluding heated air, or for regulating ventilation.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The inner part of the mold in which types are cast.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The correspondence of pages, columns, or lines on the opposite or reverse sides of the sheet.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The correspondence or adjustment of the several impressions in a design which is printed in parts, as in chromolithographic printing, or in the manufacture of paper hangings. See <er>Register</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos> 2.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The compass of a voice or instrument; a specified portion of the compass of a voice, or a series of vocal tones of a given compass; <as>as, the upper, middle, or lower <ex>register</ex>; the soprano <ex>register</ex>; the tenor <ex>register</ex></as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><note>&hand_; In respect to the vocal tones, the <xex>thick register</xex> properly extends below from the F on the lower space of the treble staff. The <xex>thin register</xex> extends an octave above this. The <xex>small register</xex> is above the thin. The voice in the thick register is called the <xex>chest voice</xex>; in the thin, the <xex>head voice</xex>. <xex>Falsetto</xex> is a kind off voice, of a thin, shrull quality, made by using the mechanism of the upper thin register for tones below the proper limit on the scale.</note>  <rj><au>E. Behnke.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sd>(b)</sd> <def>A stop or set of pipes in an organ.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Parish register</b></col>, <cd>A book in which are recorded the births, baptisms, marriages, deaths, and burials in a parish.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><syn><b>Syn.</b> -- List; catalogue; roll; record; archives; chronicle; annals. See <er>List</er>.</syn><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Reg"is*ter</hw> <pr>(r&ebreve_;j"&ibreve_;s*t&etilde_;r)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Registere</conjf> <pr>(-t?rd)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Registering</conjf>.]</vmorph> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>regisrer</ets>, <ets>exregistrer</ets>, LL. <ets>registrare</ets>. See <er>Register</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To enter in a register; to record formally and distinctly, as for future use or service.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To enroll; to enter in a list.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Such follow him as shall be <qex>registered</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Milton.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Securities)</fld> <def>To enter the name of the owner of (a share of stock, a bond, or other security) in a register, or record book. A registered security is transferable only on the written assignment of the owner of record and on surrender of his bond, stock certificate, or the like.</def><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Registered letter</b></col>, <cd>a letter, the address of which is, on payment of a special fee, registered in the post office and the transmission and delivery of which are attended to with particular care.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Reg"is*ter</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To enroll one's name in a register.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>To correspond in relative position; <as>as, two pages, columns, etc.</as> , <xex>register</xex> when the corresponding parts fall in the same line, or when line falls exactly upon line in reverse pages, or (as in chromatic printing) where the various colors of the design are printed consecutively, and perfect adjustment of parts is necessary.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Reg"is*ter*ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Recording; -- applied to instruments; having an apparatus which registers; <as>as, a <ex>registering</ex> thermometer</as>. See <er>Recording</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Reg"is*ter*ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The office of a register.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Reg"is*trant</hw> <pr>(-tr<it>a</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.  <ets>registrans</ets>, p. pr.]</ety> <def>One who registers; esp., one who , by virtue of securing an official registration, obtains a certain right or title of possession, as to a trade-mark.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Reg"is*trar</hw> <pr>(-tr?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL. <ets>registrarius</ets>, or F. <ets>r&eacute;gistraire</ets>. See <er>Register</er>.]</ety> <def>One who registers; a recorder; a keeper of records; <as>as, a <ex>registrar</ex> of births, deaths, and marriages</as>. See <er>Register</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 3.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Reg"is*trar*ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The office of a registrar.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Reg"is*tra*ry</hw> <pr>(- tr?*r?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A registrar.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Reg"is*trate</hw> <pr>(-tr?t)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To register.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Reg`is*tra"tion</hw> <pr>(-tr?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL. <ets>registratio</ets>, or F. <ets>r&eacute;gistration</ets>. See <er>Register</er>, <pos>v.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of registering; registry; enrollment.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The art of selecting and combining the stops or registers of an organ.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Reg"is*try</hw> <pr>(r?j"?s*tr?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of recording or writing in a register; enrollment; registration.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>The place where a register is kept.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>A record; an account; a register.</def>  <rj><au>Sir W. Temple.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>&Verbar;Re"gi*us</hw> <pr>(r?l"?*?s)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>regius</ets>, from <ets>rex</ets>, <ets>regis</ets>, a king.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a king; royal.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Regius professor</b></col>, <cd>an incumbent of a professorship founded by royal bounty, as in an English university.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*give"</hw> <pr>(r?*g?v")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To give again; to give back.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re"gle</hw> <pr>(r?g"'l)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Reglement</er>.]</ety> <def>To rule; to govern.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> &ldquo;To <xex>regle</xex> their lives.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Fuller.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re"gle*ment</hw> <pr>(r?g"'l*m<it>e</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>r&eacute;glement</ets>, fr. <ets>r&eacute;gler</ets>, L. <ets>regulare</ets>. See <er>Regulate</er>.]</ety> <def>Regulation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>The reformation and <qex>reglement</qex> of usury.</q> <rj><qau>Bacon.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Reg`le*men"ta*ry</hw> <pr>(-l?*m?n"t?*r?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>r&eacute;glementaire</ets>, fr. <ets>r&eacute;glement</ets>.]</ety> <def>Regulative.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Reg"let</hw> <pr>(r?g"l?t)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>r&eacute;glet</ets>, dim. of <ets>r&egrave;gle</ets> a rule, L. <ets>regula</ets>. See <er>Rule</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A flat, narrow molding, used chiefly to separate the parts or members of compartments or panels from one another, or doubled, turned, and interlaced so as to form knots, frets, or other ornaments. See <er>Illust</er>. (12) of <er>Column</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>A strip of wood or metal of the height of a quadrat, used for regulating the space between pages in a chase, and also for spacing out title-pages and other open matter. It is graded to different sizes, and designated by the name of the type that it matches; <as>as, nonpareil <ex>reglet</ex>, pica <ex>reglet</ex>, and the like</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>&Verbar;Reg"ma</hw> <pr>(r?g"m?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. &unr_;&unr_;&unr_;&unr_;, -&unr_;&unr_;&unr_;, fracture, fr. &unr_;&unr_;&unr_;&unr_;&unr_;&unr_; to break.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A kind of dry fruit, consisting of three or more cells, each which at length breaks open at the inner angle.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Reg"ma*carp</hw> <pr>(-k?rp)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[<ets>Regma</ets> + Gr. &unr_;&unr_;&unr_; fruit.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Any dry dehiscent fruit.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Reg"nal</hw> <pr>(r?g"n<it>a</it>l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>regnum</ets> reign.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the reign of a monarch; <as>as, <ex>regnal</ex> years</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Reg"nan*cy</hw> <pr>(-n<it>a</it>n*s?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The condition or quality of being regnant; sovereignty; rule.</def>  <rj><au>Coleridge.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Reg"nant</hw> <pr>(-n<it>a</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>regnans</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>regnare</ets> to reign: cf. F <ets>r&eacute;gnant</ets>. See <er>Reign</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Exercising regal authority; reigning; <as>as, a queen <ex>regnant</ex></as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Having the chief power; ruling; predominant; prevalent.</def> &ldquo;A traitor to the vices <xex>regnant</xex>.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Swift.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Reg"na*tive</hw> <pr>(-n?*t?v)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Ruling; governing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Regne</hw> <pr>(r?n)</pr>, <pos>n. &amp; v.</pos> <def>See <er>Reign</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Chaucer.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*gorge"</hw> <pr>(r?*g?rj")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>regorder</ets>; <ets>re-</ets> + <ets>gorger</ets> to gorge.  Cf. <er>Regurgitate</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To vomit up; to eject from the stomach; to throw back.</def>  <rj><au>Hayward.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To swallow again; to swallow back.</def><br/>
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<p><q>Tides at highest mark <qex>regorge</qex> the flood.</q> <rj><qau>Dryden.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><!-- p. 1211 --></p>

<p><hw>Re*grade"</hw> <pr>(r?*gr?d")</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>gradi</ets> to go.  Cf. <er>Regrede</er>. ]</ety> <def>To retire; to go back.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>W. Hales.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*graft"</hw> <pr>(r?*gr?ft")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To graft again.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*grant"</hw> <pr>(r?*gr?nt")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To grant back; to grant again or anew.</def>  <rj><au>Ayliffe.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*grant"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of granting back to a former proprietor.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>A renewed of a grant; <as>as, the <ex>regrant</ex> of a monopoly</as>.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*grate"</hw> <pr>(r?*gr?t")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Regrated</conjf>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Regrating</conjf>.]</vmorph> <ety>[F. <ets>regratter</ets>, literally, to scrape again. See <er>Re</er>-, and <er>Grate</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Masonry)</fld> <def>To remove the outer surface of, as of an old hewn stone, so as to give it a fresh appearance.</def><br/>
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<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To offend; to shock.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Derham.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*grate"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>regratter</ets> to regrate provisions; of uncertain origin.]</ety> <fld>(Eng.Law)</fld> <def>To buy in large quantities, as corn, provisions, etc., at a market or fair, with the intention of selling the same again, in or near the same place, at a higher price, -- a practice which was formerly treated as a public offense.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*grat"er</hw> <pr>(-?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>regrattier</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who regrates.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*grat"er*y</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act or practice of regrating.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*gra"ti*a*to*ry</hw> <pr>(r?*gr?"sh?*?*t?*r?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A returning or giving of thanks.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Skelton.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*grat"or</hw> <pr>(r?*gr?t"?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One guilty of regrating.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*grede"</hw> <pr>(r?*gr?d")</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>regredi</ets> to go back.  Cf. <er>Regrade</er>, <er>Regress</er>.]</ety> <def>To go back; to retrograde, as the apsis of a planet's orbit.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>  <rj><au>Todhunter.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*gre"di*ence</hw> <pr>(r?*gr?"d?-<it>e</it>ns)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A going back; a retrogression; a return.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>  <rj><au>Herrick.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*greet"</hw> <pr>(r?*gr?t")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To greet again; to resalute; to return a salutation to; to greet.</def>  <rj><au>Shak.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*greet"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A return or exchange of salutation.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re"gress</hw> <pr>(r?"gr?s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>regressus</ets>, fr. <ets>regredi</ets>, <ets>regressus</ets>. See <er>Regrede</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of passing back; passage back; return; retrogression. &ldquo;The progress or <xex>regress</xex> of man&rdquo;.</def>  <rj><au>F. Harrison.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>The power or liberty of passing back.</def>  <rj><au>Shak.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*gress"</hw> <pr>(r?*gr?s")</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Regressed</conjf> <pr>(-gr?st")</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Regressing</conjf>.]</vmorph> <def>To go back; to return to a former place or state.</def>  <rj><au>Sir T. Browne.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*gres"sion</hw> <pr>(r?*gr?sh"?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>regressio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>r&eacute;gression</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of passing back or returning; retrogression; retrogradation.</def>  <rj><au>Sir T. Browne.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Edge of regression</b></col> (of a surface) <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>the line along which a surface turns back upon itself; -- called also a <altname>cuspidal edge</altname>.</cd> -- <col><b>Regression point</b></col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>a cusp.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*gress"ive</hw> <pr>(r?*gr?s"?v)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r&eacute;gressif</ets>.]</ety><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>1.</sn> <def>Passing back; returning.</def><br/>
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<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Characterized by retrogression; retrogressive.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Regressive metamorphism</b></col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Retrogression</er>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Katabolism</er></cd>.</cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*gress"ive*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a regressive manner.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Re*gret"</hw> <pr>(r?*gr?t")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>regretter</ets>. See <er>Regret</er>, <pos>v.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Pain of mind on account of something done or experienced in the past, with a wish that it had been different; a looking back with dissatisfaction or with longing; grief; sorrow; especially, a mourning on account of the loss of some joy, advantage, or satisfaction.</def> &ldquo;A passionate <xex>regret</xex> at sin.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Dr. H. More.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>What man does not remember with <qex>regret</qex> the first time he read Robinson Crusoe?</q> <rj><qau>Macaulay.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Never any prince expressed a more lively <qex>regret</qex> for the loss of a servant.</q>  <rj><au>Clarendon.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><q>From its peaceful bosom [the grave] spring none but fond <qex>regrets</qex> and tender recollections.</q> <rj><qau>W. Irving.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Dislike; aversion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Dr. H. More.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><syn><b>Syn.</b> -- Grief; concern; sorrow; lamentation; repentance; penitence; self-condemnation.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Regret</er>, <er>Remorse</er>, <er>Compunction</er>, <er>Contrition</er>, <er>Repentance</er>. <xex>Regret</xex> does not carry with it the energy of <xex>remorse</xex>, the sting of <xex>compunction</xex>, the sacredness of <xex>contrition</xex>, or the practical character of <xex>repentance</xex>. We even apply the term <xex>regret</xex> to circumstance over which we have had no control, as the absence of friends or their loss. When connected with ourselves, it relates rather to unwise acts than to wrong or sinful ones.</usage>  <rj><au>C. J. Smith.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*gret"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Regretted</conjf> <pr>(-t&ebreve_;d)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Regretting</conjf>.]</vmorph> <ety>[F. <ets>regretter</ets>, OF. <ets>regreter</ets>; L. pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + a word of Teutonic origin; cf. Goth. <ets>gr&emacr;tan</ets> to weep, Icel. <ets>gr&amacr;ta</ets>. See <er>Greet</er> to lament.]</ety> <def>To experience regret on account of; to lose or miss with a sense of regret; to feel sorrow or dissatisfaction on account of (the happening or the loss of something); <as>as, to <ex>regret</ex> an error; to <ex>regret</ex> lost opportunities or friends.</as></def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Calmly he looked on either life, and here<br/>
Saw nothing to <qex>regret</qex>, or there to fear.</q> <rj><qau>Pope.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>In a few hours they [the Israelites] began to <qex>regret</qex> their slavery, and to murmur against their leader.</q> <rj><qau>Macaulay.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><q>Recruits who <qex>regretted</qex> the plow from which they had been violently taken.</q> <rj><qau>Macaulay.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*gret"ful</hw> <pr>(-f?l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Full of regret; indulging in regrets; repining.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Re*gret"ful*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*grow"</hw> <pr>(r?*gr?")</pr>, <pos>v. i. &amp; t.</pos> <def>To grow again.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>The snail had power to <qex>regrow</qex> them all [horns, tongue, etc.]</q> <rj><qau>A. B. Buckley.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*growth"</hw> <pr>(r?*gr?th")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of regrowing; a second or new growth.</def>  <rj><au>Darwin.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>The <qex>regrowth</qex> of limbs which had been cut off.</q> <rj><qau>A. B. Buckley.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*guard"ant</hw> <pr>(r?*g?rd"<it>a</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Regardant</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*guer"don</hw> <pr>(r?*g?r"d?n)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>guerdon</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>reguerdonner</ets>.]</ety> <def>To reward.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Shak.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Reg"u*la*ble</hw> <pr>(r?g"?*l?*b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable of being regulated.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Reg"u*lar</hw> <pr>(-l?r)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>regularis</ets>, fr. <ets>regula</ets> a rule, fr. <ets>regere</ets> to guide, to rule: cf. F. <ets>r&eacute;gulier</ets>. See <er>Rule</er>.]</ety><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>1.</sn> <def>Conformed to a rule; agreeable to an established rule, law, principle, or type, or to established customary forms; normal; symmetrical; <as>as, a <ex>regular</ex> verse in poetry; a <ex>regular</ex> piece of music; a <ex>regular</ex> verb; <ex>regular</ex> practice of law or medicine; a <ex>regular</ex> building.</as></def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Governed by rule or rules; steady or uniform in course, practice, or occurence; not subject to unexplained or irrational variation; returning at stated intervals; steadily pursued; orderlly; methodical; <as>as, the <ex>regular</ex> succession of day and night; <ex>regular</ex> habits.</as></def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>Constituted, selected, or conducted in conformity with established usages, rules, or discipline; duly authorized; permanently organized; <as>as, a <ex>regular</ex> meeting; a <ex>regular</ex> physican; a <ex>regular</ex> nomination; <ex>regular</ex> troops.</as></def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>4.</sn> <def>Belonging to a monastic order or community; <as>as, <ex>regular</ex> clergy, in distinction dfrom the <ex>secular</ex> clergy</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>5.</sn> <def>Thorough; complete; unmitigated; <as>as, a <ex>regular</ex> humbug</as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Bot. &amp; Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>Having all the parts of the same kind alike in size and shape; <as>as, a <ex>regular</ex> flower; a <ex>regular</ex> sea urchin.</as></def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Isometric</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Regular polygon</b></col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>a plane polygon which is both equilateral and equiangular.</cd> -- <col><b>Regular polyhedron</b></col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>a polyhedron whose faces are equal regular polygons. There are five regular polyhedrons, -- the tetrahedron, the hexahedron, or cube, the octahedron, the dodecahedron, and the icosahedron.</cd> -- <col><b>Regular sales</b></col> <fld>(Stock Exchange)</fld>, <cd>sales of stock deliverable on the day after the transaction.</cd> -- <col><b>Regular troops</b></col>, <cd>troops of a standing or permanent army; -- opposed to <xex>militia</xex>.</cd></cs><!-- or opposed to reserves --><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><syn><b>Syn.</b> -- Normal; orderly; methodical. See <er>Normal</er>.</syn><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Reg"u*lar</hw> <pr>(r&ebreve_;g"&uuptack_;*l&etilde_;r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL. <ets>regularis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>r&eacute;gulier</ets>. See <er>Regular</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>A member of any religious order or community who has taken the vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience, and who has been solemnly recognized by the church.</def>  <rj><au>Bp. Fitzpatrick.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A soldier belonging to a permanent or standing army; -- chiefly used in the plural.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>&Verbar;Reg`u*la"ri*a</hw> <pr>(r&ebreve_;g`&uuptack_;*l&amacr;"r&ibreve_;*&adot_;)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>A division of Echini which includes the circular, or regular, sea urchins.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Reg`u*lar"i*ty</hw> <pr>(-l?r"?*t?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.  <ets>r&eacute;gularit&eacute;</ets>.]</ety> <def>The condition or quality of being regular; <as>as, <ex>regularity</ex> of outline; the <ex>regularity</ex> of motion.</as></def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Reg"u*lar*ize</hw> <pr>(r&ebreve_;g"&uuptack_;*l&etilde_;r*&imacr;z)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To cause to become regular; to regulate.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Reg"u*lar*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a regular manner; in uniform order; methodically; in due order or time.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Reg"u*lar*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Regularity.</def>  <rj><au>Boyle.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Reg"u*late</hw> <pr>(-l&amacr;t)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Regulated</conjf> <pr>(-l&amacr;`t&ebreve_;d)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Regulating</conjf>.]</vmorph> <ety>[L. <ets>regulatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>regulare</ets>, fr. <ets>regula</ets>. See <er>Regular</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To adjust by rule, method, or established mode; to direct by rule or restriction; to subject to governing principles or laws.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>The laws which <qex>regulate</qex> the successions of the seasons.</q>  <rj><au>Macaulay.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>The herdsmen near the frontier adjudicated their own disputes, and <qex>regulated</qex> their own police.</q> <rj><qau>Bancroft.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To put in good order; <as>as, to <ex>regulate</ex> the disordered state of a nation or its finances</as>.</def><br/>
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<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>To adjust, or maintain, with respect to a desired rate, degree, or condition; <as>as, to <ex>regulate</ex> the temperature of a room, the pressure of steam, the speed of a machine, etc.</as></def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><mcol><col><b>To regulate a watch</b></col> <it>or</it> <col><b>To regulate a clock</b></col></mcol>, <cd>to adjust its rate of running so that it will keep approximately standard time.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><syn><b>Syn.</b> -- To adjust; dispose; methodize; arrange; direct; order; rule; govern.</syn><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Reg`u*la"tion</hw> <pr>(-l?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of regulating, or the state of being regulated.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>The temper and <qex>regulation</qex> of our own minds.</q> <rj><qau>Macaulay.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>A rule or order prescribed for management or government; prescription; a regulating principle; a governing direction; precept; law; <as>as, the <ex>regulations</ex> of a society or a school</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><mcol><col><b>Regulation sword</b></col>, <col><b>cap</b></col>, <col><b>uniform</b></col>, etc.</mcol> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>a sword, cap, uniform, etc., of the kind or quality prescribed by the official regulations.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><syn><b>Syn.</b> -- <er>Law</er>; rule; method; principle; order; precept. See <er>Law</er>.</syn><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Reg"u*la*tive</hw> <pr>(r?g"?*l?*t?v)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Tending to regulate; regulating.</def>  <rj><au>Whewell.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Metaph.)</fld> <def>Necessarily assumed by the mind as fundamental to all other knowledge; furnishing fundamental principles; <as>as, the <ex>regulative</ex> principles, or principles <altname>a priori</altname>; the <ex>regulative</ex> faculty.</as></def>  <rj><au>Sir W. Hamilton.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><note>&hand_; These terms are borrowed from Kant, and suggest the thought, allowed by Kant, that possibly these principles are only true for the human mind, the operations and belief of which they regulate.</note><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Reg"u*la`tor</hw> <pr>(-l?`t?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who, or that which, regulates.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A contrivance for regulating and controlling motion</def>, <specif>as:</specif> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The lever or index in a watch, which controls the effective length of the hairspring, and thus regulates the vibrations of the balance.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The governor of a steam engine.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A valve for controlling the admission of steam to the steam chest, in a locomotive.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>A clock, or other timepiece, used as a standard of correct time. See <cref>Astronomical clock</cref> <sd>(a)</sd>, under <er>Clock</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>4.</sn> <def>A member of a volunteer committee which, in default of the lawful authority, undertakes to preserve order and prevent crimes; also, sometimes, one of a band organized for the comission of violent crimes.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>A few stood neutral, or declared in favor of the <qex>Regulators</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Bancroft.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Reg"u*line</hw> <pr>(r?g"?*l?n)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r&eacute;gulin</ets>. See <er>Regulus</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem. &amp; Metal.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to regulus.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Reg"u*lize</hw> <pr>(-l?z)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <fld>(Old Chem.)</fld> <def>To reduce to regulus; to separate, as a metal from extraneous matter; <as>as, to <ex>regulize</ex> antimony</as>.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Reg"u*lus</hw> <pr>(-l?s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu><it>pl.</it> E. <plw>Reguluses</plw> (-&unr_;z), L. <plw>Reguli</plw> <pr>(-l&unr_;)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L., a petty king, prince, dim. of <ets>rex</ets>, <ets>regis</ets>, a king: cf. F. <ets>r&eacute;gule</ets>. See <er>Regal</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A petty king; a ruler of little power or consequence.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Chem. &amp; Metal.)</fld> <def>The button, globule, or mass of metal, in a more or less impure state, which forms in the bottom of the crucible in smelting and reduction of ores.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><note>&hand_; The name was introduced by the alchemists, and applied by them in the first instance to antimony. It signifies <xex>little king</xex>; and from the facility with which antimony alloyed with gold, these empirical philosophers had great hopes that this metal, <xex>antimony</xex>, would lead them to the discovery of the philosopher's stone.</note>  <rj><au>Ure.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A star of the first magnitude in the constellation Leo; -- called also the <altname>Lion's Heart</altname>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*gur"gi*tate</hw> <pr>(r?*g?r"j?*t?t)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[LL. <ets>regurgitare</ets>, <ets>regurgitatum</ets>; L. pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>gurges</ets>, <ets>-itis</ets>, a gulf.  Cf. <er>Regorge</er>.]</ety> <def>To throw or pour back, as from a deep or hollow place; to pour or throw back in great quantity.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*gur"gi*tate</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To be thrown or poured back; to rush or surge back.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>The food may <qex>regurgitate</qex>m the stomach into the esophagus and mouth.</q> <rj><qau>Quain.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*gur`gi*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(-t?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r&eacute;gurgitation</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of flowing or pouring back by the orifice of entrance</def>; specifically <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <def>the reversal of the natural direction in which the current or contents flow through a tube or cavity of the body.</def>  <rj><au>Quain.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>The act of swallowing again; reabsorption.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`ha*bil"i*tate</hw> <pr>(r?`h?*b?l"?*t?t)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Rehabilitated</conjf> <pr>(-t?`t?d)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Rehabilitating</conjf>.]</vmorph> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>habilitate</ets>: cf. LL. <ets>rehabilitare</ets>, F. <ets>r&eacute;habiliter</ets>.]</ety> <def>To invest or clothe again with some right, authority, or dignity; to restore to a former capacity; to reinstate; to qualify again; to restore, as a delinquent, to a former right, rank, or privilege lost or forfeited; -- a term of civil and canon law.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Restoring and <qex>rehabilitating</qex> the party.</q> <rj><qau>Burke.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`ha*bil`i*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(-t?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. LL. <ets>rehabilitatio</ets>, F. <ets>R&eacute;habilitation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of rehabilitating, or the state of being rehabilitated.</def>  <rj><au>Bouvier. Walsh.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*hash"</hw> <pr>(r?*h?sh")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To hash over again; to prepare or use again; <as>as, to <ex>rehash</ex> old arguments</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*hash"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Something hashed over, or made up from old materials.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*hear"</hw> <pr>(r?*h?r")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To hear again; to try a second time; <as>as, to <ex>rehear</ex> a cause in Chancery</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*hears"al</hw> <pr>(r?*h?rs"<it>a</it>)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of rehearsing; recital; narration; repetition; specifically, a private recital, performance, or season of practice, in preparation for a public exhibition or exercise.</def>  <rj><au>Chaucer.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>In <qex>rehearsal</qex> of our Lord's Prayer.</q> <rj><qau>Hooker.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Here's marvelous convenient place for our <qex>rehearsal</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Shak.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Dress rehearsal</b></col> <fld>(Theater)</fld>, <cd>a private preparatory performance of a drama, opera, etc., in costume.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*hearse"</hw> <pr>(r?*h?rs")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Rehearsed</conjf> <pr>(-h?rst")</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Rehearsing</conjf>.]</vmorph> <ety>[OE. <ets>rehercen</ets>, <ets>rehersen</ets>, OF. <ets>reherser</ets>, <ets>rehercier</ets>, to harrow over again; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>hercier</ets> to harrow, fr. <ets>herce</ets> a harrow, F. <ets>herse</ets>. See <er>Hearse</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To repeat, as what has been already said; to tell over again; to recite.</def>  <rj><au>Chaucer.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>When the words were heard which David spake, they <qex>rehearsed</qex> them before Saul.</q> <rj><qau>1 Sam. xvii. 31.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To narrate; to relate; to tell.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q><qex>Rehearse</qex> the righteous acts of the Lord.</q> <rj><qau>Judg. . v. 11.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>To recite or repeat in private for experiment and improvement, before a public representation; <as>as, to <ex>rehearse</ex> a tragedy</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>4.</sn> <def>To cause to rehearse; to instruct by rehearsal.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>He has been <qex>rehearsed</qex> by Madame Defarge as to his having seen her.</q> <rj><qau>Dickens.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><syn><b>Syn.</b> -- To recite; recapitulate; recount; detail; describe; tell; relate; narrate.</syn><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*hearse"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To recite or repeat something for practice.</def> &ldquo;There will we <xex>rehearse</xex>.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Shak.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*hears"er</hw> <pr>(-?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who rehearses.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*heat"</hw> <pr>(r?*h?t")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To heat again.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To revive; to cheer; to cherish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Rom. of R.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`hi*bi"tion</hw> <pr>(r?`h?*b?sh"?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re-</ets> + L. <ets>habere</ets> to have.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The returning of a thing purchased to the seller, on the ground of defect or frand.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*hib"i*to*ry</hw> <pr>(r?*h?b"?*t?*r?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Of or relating to rehibition; <as>as, a <ex>rehibitory</ex> action</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*hire"</hw> <pr>(r?*h?r")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To hire again.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`hy*poth"e*cate</hw> <pr>(r?`h?*p?th"?*k?t)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To hypothecate again.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Re`hy*poth`e*ca"tion</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rei</hw> <pr>(r?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;<plu><it>pl.</it> <plw>Reis</plw> <pr>(r&unr_;"&unr_;s <xex>or</xex> r&unr_;z)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[Pg. <ets>real</ets>, pl. <ets>reis</ets>. See <er>Real</er> a coin.]</ety> <def>A portuguese money of account, in value about one tenth of a cent.</def> <altsp>[Spelt also <asp>ree</asp>.]</altsp><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>&Verbar;Reichs"rath`</hw> <pr>(r?ks"r?t)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[G]</ety> <def>The parliament of Austria (exclusive of Hungary, which has its own diet, or parliament). It consists of an Upper and a Lower House, or a House of Lords and a House of Representatives.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>&Verbar;Reichs"stand`</hw> <pr>(r?ks"st?t`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[G.]</ety> <def>A free city of the former German empire.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>&Verbar;Reichs"tag`</hw> <pr>(r?ks"t?g`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[G.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <mark>[Note: from the 1913 definition]</mark> <def>The Diet, or House of Representatives, of the German empire (and of the Weimar Republic), which was composed of members elected for a term of three years by the direct vote of the people. This term is no longer (in 1997) applied to the German parliament. See also <er>Bundesrath</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source> <source>+PJC</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <mark>[Note: from the 1913 definition]</mark> <def>The national representative body of Hungary, consisting of a House of Magnates (including archdukes, peers, high officials of the Roman Catholic, Greek, and Protestant Churches, and certain other dignitaries) and a House of Representatives (in 1912 consisting of 453 members). See <er>Legislative</er>, <er>Diet</er>.</def> <mark>[archaic]</mark> <br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source> <source>+PJC</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Reif</hw> <pr>(r&emacr;f)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>re&aacute;f</ets>.]</ety> <def>Robbery; spoil.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rei"gle</hw> <pr>(r?"g'l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>r&egrave;gle</ets> a rule, fr. L. <ets>regula</ets>. See <er>Rule</er>.]</ety> <def>A hollow cut or channel for quiding anything; <as>as, the <ex>reigle</ex> of a side post for a flood gate</as>.</def>  <rj><au>Carew.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rei"gle</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To regulate; to govern.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rei"gle*ment</hw> <pr>(-m<it>e</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Reglement</er>.]</ety> <def>Rule; regulation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Bacon. Jer. Taylor.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Reign</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>regne</ets>, OF. <ets>reigne</ets>, <ets>regne</ets>, F. <ets>r&egrave;gne</ets>, fr. L. <ets>regnum</ets>, fr. <ets>rex</ets>, <ets>regis</ets>, a king, fr. <ets>regere</ets> to guide, rule. See <er>Regal</er>, <er>Regimen</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Royal authority; supreme power; sovereignty; rule; dominion.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>He who like a father held his <qex>reign</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Pope.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Saturn's sons received the threefold <qex>reign</qex><br/>
Of heaven, of ocean, and deep hell beneath.</q> <rj><qau>Prior.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>The territory or sphere which is reigned over; kingdom; empire; realm; dominion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Spenser.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>[God] him bereft the <qex>regne</qex> that he had.</q> <rj><qau>Chaucer.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>The time during which a king, queen, or emperor possesses the supreme authority; <as>as, it happened in the <ex>reign</ex> of Elizabeth</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><!-- p. 1212 --></p>

<p><hw>Reign</hw> <pr>(r?n)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Reigned</conjf> <pr>(r?nd)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Reigning</conjf>.]</vmorph> <ety>[OE.  <ets>regnen</ets>, <ets>reinen</ets>, OF. <ets>regner</ets>, F. <ets>r&eacute;gner</ets>, fr. L. <ets>regnare</ets>, fr. regnum. See <er>Reign</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To possess or exercise sovereign power or authority; to exercise government, as a king or emperor;; to hold supreme power; to rule.</def>  <rj><au>Chaucer.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>We will not have this man to <qex>reign</qex> over us.</q> <rj><qau>Luke xix. 14.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Shall Banquo's issue ever<br/>
<qex>Reign</qex> in this kingdom?</q> <rj><qau>Shak.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, to be predominant; to prevail.</def> &ldquo;Pestilent diseases which commonly <xex>reign</xex> in summer.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Bacon.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>To have superior or uncontrolled dominion; to rule.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Let not sin therefore <qex>reign</qex> in your mortal body.</q> <rj><qau>Rom. vi. 12.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><syn><b>Syn.</b> -- To rule; govern; direct; control; prevail.</syn><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Reign"er</hw> <pr>(r?n"?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who reigns.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`il*lume"</hw> <pr>(r?`?l*l?m")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To light again; to cause to shine anew; to relume; to reillumine.</def> &ldquo;Thou must <xex>reillume</xex> its spark.&rdquo;  <rj><au>J. R. Drake.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`il*lu"mi*nate</hw> <pr>(-l?"m?*n?t)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To enlighten again; to reillumine.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`il*lu`mi*na"tion</hw> <pr>(-n?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act or process of enlightening again.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`il*lu"mine</hw> <pr>(-l?"m?n)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To illumine again or anew; to reillume.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Reim</hw> <pr>(r?m)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[D. <ets>riem</ets>, akin to G <ets>riemen</ets>; CF. Gr. &unr_;&unr_;&unr_;&unr_; a towing line.]</ety> <def>A strip of oxhide, deprived of hair, and rendered pliable, -- used for twisting into ropes, etc.</def> <mark>[South Africa]</mark>  <rj><au>Simmonds.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`im*bark"</hw> <pr>(r?`?m*b?rk")</pr>, <pos>v. t. &amp; i.</pos> <def>See <er>Re&euml;mbark</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`im*bod"y</hw> <pr>(-b?d"?)</pr>, <pos>v. t. &amp; i.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Re&euml;mbody</er>.]</ety> <def>To imbody again.</def>  <rj><au>Boyle.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`im*burs"a*ble</hw> <pr>(r?`?m*b?rs"?*b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[CF. F. <ets>remboursable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being repaid; repayable.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>A loan has been made of two millions of dollars, <qex>reimbursable</qex> in ten years.</q> <rj><qau>A. Hamilton.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`im*burse"</hw> <pr>(-b?rs")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Reimbursed</conjf> <pr>(-b?rst")</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Reimbursing</conjf>.]</vmorph> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re-</ets> + <ets>imburse</ets>: cf. F. <ets>rembourser</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To replace in a treasury or purse, as an equivalent for what has been taken, lost, or expended; to refund; to pay back; to restore; <as>as, to <ex>reimburse</ex> the expenses of a war</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To make restoration or payment of an equivalent to (a person); to pay back to; to indemnify; -- often reflexive; <as>as, to <ex>reimburse</ex> one's self by successful speculation</as>.</def>  <rj><au>Paley.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`im*burse"ment</hw> <pr>(-b?rs"m<it>e</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>rembursement</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act reimbursing.</def>  <rj><au>A. Hamilton.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`im*burs"er</hw> <pr>(-b?rs"?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who reimburses.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`im*plant"</hw> <pr>(-pl?nt")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To implant again.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`im*port"</hw> <pr>(-p?rt")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re-</ets> + <ets>import</ets>: cf. F. <ets>remporter</ets>.]</ety> <def>To import again; to import what has been exported; to bring back.</def>  <rj><au>Young.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*im`por*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(r?*?m`p?r*t?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of reimporting; also, that which is reimported.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*im`por*tune"</hw> <pr>(-p?r*t?n")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To importune again.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`im*pose"</hw> <pr>(r?`?m*p?z)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To impose anew.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`im*preg"nate</hw> <pr>(-pr?g"n?t)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To impregnate again or anew.</def>  <rj><au>Sir T. Browne.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`im*press"</hw> <pr>(-pr?s")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To impress anew.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`im*pres"sion</hw> <pr>(-pr?sh"?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A second or repeated impression; a reprint.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`im*print"</hw> <pr>(-pr?nt")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To imprint again.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`im*pris"on</hw> <pr>(-pr?z'n)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To imprison again.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`im*pris"on*ment</hw> <pr>(-m<it>e</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of reimprisoning, or the state of being reimprisoned.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rein</hw> <pr>(r?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>r&ecirc;ne</ets>, fr. (assumed) LL. <ets>retina</ets>, fr. L. <ets>retinere</ets> to hold back. See <er>Retain</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The strap of a bridle, fastened to the curb or snaffle on each side, by which the rider or driver governs the horse.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>This knight laid hold upon his <qex>reyne</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Chaucer.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, an instrument or means of curbing, restraining, or governing; government; restraint.</def> &ldquo;Let their eyes rove without <xex>rein</xex>.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Milton.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><mcol><col><b>To give rein</b></col>, <col><b>To give the rein to</b></col></mcol>, <cd>to give license to; to leave withouut restrain.</cd> -- <col><b>To take the reins</b></col>, <cd>to take the guidance or government; to assume control.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rein</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Reined</conjf> <pr>(r?nd)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Reining</conjf>.]</vmorph> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To govern or direct with the reins; <as>as, to <ex>rein</ex> a horse one way or another</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>He mounts and <qex>reins</qex> his horse.</q> <rj><qau>Chapman.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To restrain; to control; to check.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Being once chafed, he can not<br/>
Be <qex>reined</qex> again to temperance.</q> <rj><qau>Shak.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><mcol><col><b>To rein in</b></col> <it>or</it> <col><b>To rein up</b></col></mcol>, <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>to check the speed of, or cause to stop, by drawing the reins.</cd> <specif>Hence,</specif> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>to cause (a person) to slow down or cease some activity; -- <ex>to rein in</ex> is used commonly of superiors in a chain of command, ordering a subordinate to moderate or cease some activity deemed excessive.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source> <source>+PJC</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rein</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To be guided by reins.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>  <rj><au>Shak.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`in*au"gu*rate</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To inaugurate anew.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re"in*cit"</hw> <pr>(-s?t")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To incite again.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`in*cor"po*rate</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To incorporate again.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`in*crease"</hw> <pr>(-kr?s")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To increase again.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`in*cur"</hw> <pr>(-k?r")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To incur again.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rein"deer`</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;n"d&emacr;r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Icel. <ets>hreinn</ets> reindeer + E. <ets>deer</ets>. Icel. <ets>hreinn</ets> is of Lapp or Finnish origin; cf. Lappish <ets>reino</ets> pasturage.]</ety> <altsp>[Formerly written also <asp>raindeer</asp>, and <asp>ranedeer</asp>.]</altsp> <fld>(Zool.)</fld> <def>Any ruminant of the genus <gen>Rangifer</gen>, of the Deer family, found in the colder parts of both the Eastern and Western hemispheres, and having long irregularly branched antlers, with the brow tines palmate.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><note>&hand_; The common European species (<spn>Rangifer tarandus</spn>) is domesticated in Lapland.  The woodland reindeer or caribou (<spn>Rangifer caribou</spn>) is found in Canada and Maine (see <er>Caribou</er>.)  The Barren Ground reindeer or caribou (<spn>Rangifer Gr&oelig;nlandicus</spn>), of smaller size, is found on the shores of the Arctic Ocean, in both hemispheries.</note><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Reindeer moss</b></col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a gray branching lichen (<spn>Cladonia rangiferina</spn>) which forms extensive patches on the ground in arctic and even in north temperature regions.  It is the principal food of the Lapland reindeer in winter.</cd> -- <col><b>Reindeer period</b></col> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>, <cd>a name sometimes given to a part of the Paleolithic era when the reindeer was common over Central Europe.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`in*duce"</hw> <pr>(r?`?n*d?s")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To induce again.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rei*nette"</hw> <pr>(r?*n?t")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. See 1st <er>Rennet</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A name given to many different kinds of apples, mostly of French origin.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`in*fect"</hw> <pr>(r?`?n*f?kt)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re-</ets> + <ets>infect</ets>: cf. F. <ets>r&eacute;infecter</ets>.]</ety> <def>To infect again.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`in*fec"tious</hw> <pr>(-f?k"sh?s)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable of reinfecting.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`in*force"</hw> <pr>(-f?rs")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>See <er>Re&euml;nforce</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos></def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`in*force"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See <er>Re&euml;nforce</er>, <pos>n.</pos></def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`in*forced con"crete</hw>. <def>Concrete having within its mass a system of iron or steel supports, such as bars, rods, or a heavy mesh, to provide increased tensile strength and shear resistance.  Same as <er>Ferro-concrete</er>.</def> <altsp>[Also spelled <asp>reenforced concrete</asp>.]</altsp><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source> <source>+PJC</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`in*force"ment</hw> <pr>(-m<it>e</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See <er>Re&euml;nforcement</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`in*fund"</hw> <pr>(-f?nd")</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re-</ets> + L. <ets>infundere</ets> to pour in.]</ety> <def>To flow in anew.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Swift.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`in*gra"ti*ate</hw> <pr>(-gr?"sh?*?t)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To ingratiate again or anew.</def>  <rj><au>Sir. T. Herbert.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`in*hab"it</hw> <pr>(-h?b"?t)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To inhabit again.</def>  <rj><au>Mede.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rein"less</hw> <pr>(r?n"l?s)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Not having, or not governed by, reins; hence, not checked or restrained.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Reins</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;nz)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>rein</ets>, pl. <ets>reins</ets>, fr. L. <ets>ren</ets>, pl. <ets>renes</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The kidneys; also, the region of the kidneys; the loins.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>The inward impulses; the affections and passions; -- so called because formerly supposed to have their seat in the part of the body where the kidneys are.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>My <qex>reins</qex> rejoice, when thy lips speak right things.</q> <rj><qau>Prov. xxiii. 16.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>I am he which searcheth the <qex>reins</qex> and hearts.</q> <rj><qau>Rev. ii. 23.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Reins of a vault</b></col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>the parts between the crown and the spring or abutment, including, and having especial reference to, the loading or filling behind the shell of the vault. The reins are to a vault nearly what the haunches are to an arch, and when a vault gives way by thrusting outward, it is because its reins are not sufficiently filled up.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`in*sert"</hw> <pr>(r?`?n*s?rt")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To insert again.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`in*ser"tion</hw> <pr>(-s?r"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of reinserting.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`in*spect"</hw> <pr>(-sp?kt")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To inspect again.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`in*spec"tion</hw> <pr>(-sp?k"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of reinspecting.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`in*spire"</hw> <pr>(-sp?r")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To inspire anew.</def>  <rj><au>Milton.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`in*spir"it</hw> <pr>(-sp`r"?t)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To give fresh spirit to.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`in*stall"</hw> <pr>(-st?l")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re-</ets> + <ets>install</ets>: cf. F. <ets>r&eacute;installer</ets>.]</ety> <def>To install again.</def>  <rj><au>Milton.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`in*stall"ment</hw> <pr>(-m&eitalic_;nt)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A renewed installment.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`in*state"</hw> <pr>(-st?t")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To place again in possession, or in a former state; to restore to a state from which one had been removed; to instate again; <as>as, to <ex>reinstate</ex> a king in the possession of the kingdom</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>For the just we have said already thet some of them were <qex>reinstated</qex> in their pristine happiness and felicity.</q> <rj><qau>Glanvill.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`in*state"ment</hw> <pr>(-m<it>e</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of reinstating; the state of being reinstated; re&unr_;stablishment.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`in*sta"tion</hw> <pr>(-st?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Reinstatement.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`in*struct"</hw> <pr>(-str?kt")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To instruct anew.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`in*sur"ance</hw> <pr>(-sh?r"<it>a</it>ns)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Insurance a second time or again; renewed insurance.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>A contract by which an insurer is insured wholly or in part against the risk he has incurred in insuring somebody else. See <er>Reassurance</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`in*sure"</hw> <pr>(-sh?r")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To insure again after a former insuranse has ceased; to renew insurance on.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To insure, as life or property, in favor of one who has taken an insurance risk upon it.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>The innsurer may cause the property insured to be <qex>reinsured</qex> by other persons.</q> <rj><qau>Walsh.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re`in*sur"er</hw> <pr>(-sh?r"?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who gives reinsurance.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*in"te*grate</hw> <pr>(r?*?n"t?*gr?t)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re-</ets> + <ets>integrate</ets>.  Cf. <er>Redintegrate</er>.]</ety> <def>To renew with regard to any state or quality; to restore; to bring again together into a whole, as the parts off anything; to reestablish; <as>as, to <ex>reintegrate</ex> a nation</as>.</def>  <rj><au>Bacon.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Re*in`te*gra"tion</hw> <pr>(-gr?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A renewing, or making whole again