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<p><!-- Begin file 18 of 26:  Letter R (Version 0.46) 
        
           This file is part 18 of the GNU version of
     The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
               Also referred to as GCIDE
  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 

GCIDE is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
any later version.

GCIDE is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
GNU General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this copy of GCIDE; see the file COPYING.  If not, write 
to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
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           * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 

           This dictionary was derived from the
         Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary
                 Version published 1913
               by the  C. &amp; G. Merriam Co.
                   Springfield, Mass.
                 Under the direction of
                Noah Porter, D.D., LL.D.

                        and from
           WordNet, a semantic network created by
              the Cognitive Science Department
                 of Princeton University
                  under the direction of
                   Prof. George Miller

             and is being updated and supplemented by
         an open coalition of volunteer collaborators from
                       around the world.

     This electronic dictionary is the starting point for an 
ongoing project to develop a modern on-line comprehensive encyclopedic
dictionary, by the efforts of all individuals willing to help build a
large and freely available knowledge base.  Contributions of data,
time, and effort are requested from any person willing to assist creation
of a comprehensive and organized knowledge base for free access on the
internet.  Anyone willing to assist in any way in constructing such a
knowledge base should contact:

     Patrick Cassidy          pc@worldsoul.org
     735 Belvidere Ave.       Office: (908)668-5252
     Plainfield, NJ 07062
     (908) 561-3416

    Last edited January 17, 2002.

 --></p>

<p><centered><point16>R.</point16></centered></p>

<p><hw>R</hw> <pr>(&auml;r)</pr>. <def>R, the eighteenth letter of the English alphabet, is a vocal consonant.  It is sometimes called a <xex>semivowel</xex>, and a <xex>liquid</xex>. See <xex>Guide to Pronunciation</xex>, &sect;&sect; 178, 179, and 250-254.</def> &ldquo;<xex>R</xex> is the dog's letter and hurreth in the sound.&rdquo;  <rj><au>B. Jonson.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><note>    In words derived from the Greek language the letter <xex>h</xex> is generally written after <xex>r</xex> to represent the aspirated sound of the Greek <grk>"r</grk>, but does not affect the pronunciation of the English word, as <xex>rhapsody</xex>, <xex>rhetoric</xex>.<br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]<pbr/>
    The English letter derives its form from the Greek through the Latin, the Greek letter being derived from the Ph&oelig;nician, which, it is believed, is ultimately of Egyptian origin. Etymologically, R is most closely related to <it>l</it>, <it>s</it>, and <it>n</it>; as in bando<it>r</it>e, mando<it>l</it>e; purp<it>l</it>e, L. purpu<it>r</it>a; E. chapte<it>r</it>, F. chapit<it>r</it>e, L. capitu<it>l</it>um; E. wa<it>s</it>, we<it>r</it>e; ha<it>r</it>e, G. ha<it>s</it>e; E. orde<it>r</it>, F. ord<it>r</it>e, L. ordo, ordi<it>n</it>is; E. coffe<it>r</it>, coffi<it>n.</it>
</note><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>The three Rs</b></col>, <cd>a jocose expression for reading, (w)riting, and (a)rithmetic, -- the fundamentals of an education.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>R&amp;D</hw> <pr>(&auml;r"&abreve;n*d&emacr;")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[<ets>r</ets>esearch and <ets>d</ets>evelopment.]</ety> <def>research and development; used mostly to refer to the division of a corporation responsible for performing research and developing new products; -- a commonly used abbreviation.</def><br/>
<syn><b>Syn. --</b> R and D, research and development.</syn>
[<source>PJC</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra</hw> <pr>(r&auml;)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A roe; a deer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Chaucer.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra-</hw>. <def>A prefix, from the Latin <xex>re</xex> and <xex>ad</xex> combined, coming to us through the French and Italian. See <er>Re-</er>, and <er>Ad-</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Raash</hw> <pr>(r&auml;sh)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Ar. <ets>ra'ash</ets> trembling, tremor.]</ety> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>The electric catfish.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>raasch</asp>.]</altsp><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rab</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;b)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A rod or stick used by masons in mixing hair with mortar.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rab"at</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;b"&abreve;t)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Rabot</er>.]</ety> <def>A polishing material made of potter's clay that has failed in baking.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>&Verbar;Ra`bat"</hw> <pr>(r&adot_;*b&amacr;t")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. Cf. <er>Rabato</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A clerical linen collar.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A kind of clerical scarf fitted to a collar; <as>as, a black silk <ex>rabat</ex></as>.</def><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra*bate"</hw> <pr>(r&adot_;*b&amacr;t")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>rabattre</ets> to beat down; pref. <ets>re-</ets> + <ets>abattre</ets>. See <er>Abate</er>, and cf. <er>Rebate</er>, <pos>v.</pos>]</ety> <fld>(Falconry)</fld> <def>To recover to the fist, as a hawk.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rab"a*tine</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;b"&adot_;*t&ibreve_;n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Rabato</er>.]</ety> <def>A collar or cape.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Sir W. Scott.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra*ba"to</hw> <pr>(r&adot_;*b&amacr;"t&ouptack_;)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>rabat</ets>, fr. <ets>rabattre</ets>. See <er>Rabate</er>.]</ety> <def>A kind of ruff for the neck; a turned-down collar; a rebato.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Shak.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rab*bate"</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;b*b&amacr;t")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Rabate</er>.]</ety> <def>To abate or diminish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>Abatement.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></def2><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rab"bet</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;b"b&ebreve_;t)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Rabbeted</conjf>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Rabbeting</conjf>.]</vmorph> <ety>[F. <ets>raboter</ets> to plane, plane down,<ets>rabot</ets> a plane; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + OF. <ets>abouter</ets>, <ets>aboter</ets>. See <er>Abut</er>, and cf. <er>Rebut</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To cut a rabbet in; to furnish with a rabbet.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To unite the edges of, as boards, etc., in a rabbet joint.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rab"bet</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Rabbet</er>, <pos>v.</pos>, and cf. <er>Rebate</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Carp.)</fld> <def>A longitudinal channel, groove, or recess cut out of the edge or face of any body; especially, one intended to receive another member, so as to break or cover the joint, or more easily to hold the members in place; thus, the groove cut for a panel, for a pane of glass, or for a door, is a <xex>rabbet</xex>, or rebate.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Same as <xex>Rabbet joint</xex>, below.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Rabbet joint</b></col> <fld>(Carp.)</fld>, <cd>a joint formed by fitting together rabbeted boards or timbers; -- called also <altname>rabbet</altname>.</cd> -- <col><b>Rabbet plane</b></col>, <cd>a joiner's plane for cutting a rabbet.</cd> <au>Moxon.</au></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rab"bi</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;r"b&imacr; <it>or</it> r&abreve;r"b&ibreve_;; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu><it>pl.</it> <plw>Rabbis</plw> <pr>(r&abreve;r"b&imacr;z <it>or</it> r&abreve;r"b&ibreve_;z)</pr> or <plw>Rabbies</plw>.</plu> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <grk>"rabbi`</grk>, Heb. <ets>rab&imacr;</ets> my master, from <ets>rab</ets> master, lord, teacher, akin to Ar. <ets>rabb</ets>.]</ety> <def>Master; lord; teacher; -- a Jewish title of respect or honor for a teacher or doctor of the law.</def> &ldquo;The gravest <xex>rabbies</xex>.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Milton.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Be not ye called <qex>Rabbi</qex>, for one is your Master, even Christ, and all ye are brethren.</q> <rj><qau>Matt. xxiii. 8.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rab"bin</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;b"b&ibreve_;n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Rabbi</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><mhw>{ <hw>Rab*bin"ic</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;b*b&ibreve_;n"&ibreve_;k)</pr>, <hw>Rab*bin"ic*al</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;b*b&ibreve_;n"&ibreve_;*k&aitalic_;l)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>rabbinique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the rabbins or rabbis, or pertaining to the opinions, learning, or language of the rabbins.</def> &ldquo;Comments staler than <xex>rabbinic</xex>.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Lowell.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>We will not buy your <qex>rabbinical</qex> fumes.</q> <rj><qau>Milton.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rab*bin"ic</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;b*b&ibreve_;n"&ibreve_;k)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The language or dialect of the rabbins; the later Hebrew.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rab*bin"ic*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a rabbinical manner; after the manner of the rabbins.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rab"bin*ism</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;b"b&ibreve_;n*&ibreve_;z'm)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>rabbinisme</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A rabbinic expression or phraseology; a peculiarity of the language of the rabbins.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>The teachings and traditions of the rabbins.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rab"bin*ist</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;b"b&ibreve_;n*&ibreve_;st)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>rabbiniste</ets>.]</ety> <def>One among the Jews who adhered to the Talmud and the traditions of the rabbins, in opposition to the <xex>Karaites</xex>, who rejected the traditions.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rab"bin*ite</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;b"b&ibreve_;n*&imacr;t)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as <er>Rabbinist</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rab"bit</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;b"b&ibreve_;t)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>rabet</ets>, akin to OD. <ets>robbe</ets>, <ets>robbeken</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>Any of the smaller species of the genus Lepus, especially the common European species (<spn>Lepus cuniculus</spn>), which is often kept as a pet, and has been introduced into many countries. It is remarkably prolific, and has become a pest in some parts of Australia and New Zealand.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><note>&hand_; The common American rabbit (<spn>Lepus sylvatica</spn>) is similar but smaller. See <er>Cottontail</er>, and <cref>Jack rabbit</cref>, under 2d <er>Jack</er>. The larger species of Lepus are commonly called <xex>hares</xex>. See <er>Hare</er>.</note><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Angora rabbit</b></col> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld>, <cd>a variety of the domestic rabbit having long, soft fur.</cd> -- <col><b>Rabbit burrow</b></col>, <cd>a hole in the earth made by rabbits for shelter and habitation.</cd> -- <col><b>Rabbit fish</b></col>. <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The northern chim&aelig;ra (<spn>Chim&aelig;ra monstrosa</spn>)</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Any one of several species of plectognath fishes, as the bur fish, and puffer. The term is also locally applied to other fishes.</cd> -- <col><b>Rabbits' ears</b></col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Cyclamen</er>.</cd><!-- a type of antenna with two long narrow metal prongs, usually arranged so as to remeniscent of erect rabbit's ears.  --> -- <col><b>Rabbit warren</b></col>, <cd>a piece of ground appropriated to the breeding and preservation of rabbits.</cd> <au>Wright.</au> -- <col><b>Rock rabbit</b></col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Daman</er>, and <er>Klipdas</er>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>the <er>pika</er>.</cd> -- <col><b>Welsh rabbit</b></col>, <cd>a dish of which the chief constituents are melted cheese over toasted bread, flavored in various ways, as with ale, beer, milk, or spices. The name is popularly said to be a corruption of <altname>Welsh rare bit</altname>, but it is probably merely a humorous designation; -- also called <altname>Welsh rarebit</altname>.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rab"bit*ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The hunting of rabbits.</def>  <rj><au>T. Hughes.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rab"bit*ry</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;b"b&ibreve_;t*r&ybreve_;)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A place where rabbits are kept; especially, a collection of hutches for tame rabbits.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rab"ble</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;b"b'l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <fld>(Iron Manuf.)</fld> <def>An iron bar, with the end bent, used in stirring or skimming molten iron in the process of puddling.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rab"ble</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To stir or skim with a rabble, as molten iron.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rab"ble</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Akin to D. <ets>rabbelen</ets>, Prov. G. <ets>rabbeln</ets>, to prattle, to chatter: cf. L. <ets>rabula</ets> a brawling advocate, a pettifogger, fr. <ets>rabere</ets> to rave.  Cf. <er>Rage</er>.]</ety> <def>To speak in a confused manner.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng. &amp; Scot.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rab"ble</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Probably named from the noise made by it (see <er>Rabble</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>) cf. D. <ets>rapalje</ets> rabble, OF. &amp; Prov. F. <ets>rapaille</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A tumultuous crowd of vulgar, noisy people; a mob; a confused, disorderly throng.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>I saw, I say, come out of London, even unto the presence of the prince, a great <qex>rabble</qex> of mean and light persons.</q> <rj><qau>Ascham.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Jupiter, Mercury, Bacchus, Venus, Mars, and the whole <qex>rabble</qex> of licentious deities.</q> <rj><qau>Bp. Warburton.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>A confused, incoherent discourse; a medley of voices; a chatter.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>The rabble</b></col>, <cd>the lowest class of people, without reference to an assembly; the dregs of the people.</cd> &ldquo;<xex>The rabble</xex> call him &lsquo;lord.'&rdquo;  <rj><au>Shak.</au></rj></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rab"ble</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining to a rabble; like, or suited to, a rabble; disorderly; vulgar.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>  <rj><au>Dryden.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rab"ble</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Rabbled</conjf> <pr>(r&abreve;b"b'ld)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Rabbling</conjf> <pr>(r&abreve;b"bl&ibreve_;ng)</pr>.]</vmorph> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To insult, or assault, by a mob; to mob; <as>as, to <ex>rabble</ex> a curate</as>.</def>  <rj><au>Macaulay.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>The bishops' carriages were stopped and the prelates themselves <qex>rabbled</qex> on their way to the house.</q> <rj><qau>J. R. Green.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To utter glibly and incoherently; to mouth without intelligence.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Scot.]</mark>  <rj><au>Foxe.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>To rumple; to crumple.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rab"ble*ment</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;b"b'l*m&eitalic_;nt)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A tumultuous crowd of low people; a rabble.</def> &ldquo;Rude <xex>rablement</xex>.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Spenser.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>And still, as he refused it, the <qex>rabblement</qex> hooted.</q> <rj><qau>Shak.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rab"bler</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;b"bl&etilde_;r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See 2d <er>Rabble</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>A scraping tool for smoothing metal.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rab"ble-rout`</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;b"b'l-rout`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A tumultuous crowd; a rabble; a noisy throng.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rab*doid"al</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;b*doid"&aitalic_;l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <grk>"ra`bdos</grk> a rod + <ets>-oid</ets> + <ets>-al</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>See <er>Sagittal</er>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>rhabdoidal</asp>.]</altsp><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rab*dol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;b*d&obreve_;l"&ouptack_;*j&ybreve_;)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <grk>"ra`bdos</grk> rod, stick + <ets>-logy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>rabdologie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The method or art of performing arithmetical operations by means of Napier's bones. See <er>Napier's bones</er>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>rhabdology</asp>.]</altsp><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rab"do*man`cy</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;b"d&ouptack_;*m&abreve;n`s&ybreve_;)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <grk>"ra`bdos</grk> rod + <ets>-mancy</ets>.]</ety> <def>Divination by means of rods or wands.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>rhabdomancy</asp>.]</altsp>  <rj><au>Sir T. Browne.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rab"id</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;b"&ibreve_;d)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>rabidus</ets>, from <ets>rabere</ets> to rave. See <er>Rage</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Furious; raging; extremely violent.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>The <qex>rabid</qex> flight<br/>
Of winds that ruin ships.</q> <rj><qau>Chapman.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Extreme, unreasonable, or fanatical in opinion; excessively zealous; <as>as, a <ex>rabid</ex> socialist</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>Affected with the distemper called <xex>rabies</xex>; mad; <as>as, a <ex>rabid</ex> dog or fox</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to rabies, or hydrophobia; <as>as, <ex>rabid</ex> virus</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra*bid"i*ty</hw> <pr>(r&adot_;*b&ibreve_;d"&ibreve_;*t&ybreve_;)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Rabidness; furiousness.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rab"id*ly</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;b"&ibreve_;d*l&ybreve_;)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a rabid manner; with extreme violence.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rab"id*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state of being rabid.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>&Verbar;Ra"bi*es</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"b&ibreve_;*&emacr;z)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. See <er>Rage</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Hydrophobia</er> <sd>(b)</sd>; canine madness.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rab"i*net</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;b"&ibreve_;*n&ebreve_;t)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A kind of small ordnance formerly in use.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>rabanet</asp>.]</altsp>  <rj><au>Ainsworth.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra"bi*ous</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"b&ibreve_;*&ubreve;s)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Fierce.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Daniel.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra"bot</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"b&obreve_;t)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A rubber of hard wood used in smoothing marble to be polished.</def>  <rj><au>Knight.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>&Verbar;Ra"ca</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"k&adot_;)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <grk>"raka`</grk>, from Chaldee <ets>r&emacr;k&amacr;</ets>.]</ety> <def>A term of reproach used by the Jews of our Savior's time, meaning &ldquo;worthless.&rdquo;</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Whosoever shall say to his brother, <qex>Raca</qex>, shall be in danger of the council.</q> <rj><qau>Matt. v. 22.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>&Verbar;Ra`ca`hout"</hw> <pr>(r&adot_;`k&adot_;`&oomacr_;")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>racahout</ets>, probably fr. Ar. <ets>r&amacr;qaut</ets>.]</ety> <def>A preparation from acorns used by the Arabs as a substitute for chocolate, and also as a beverage for invalids.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rac*coon"</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;k*k&oomacr_;n")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>raton</ets>, prop., a little rat, fr. <ets>rat</ets> rat, perhaps of German origin. See <er>Rat</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>A North American nocturnal carnivore (<spn>Procyon lotor</spn>) allied to the bears, but much smaller, and having a long, full tail, banded with black and gray. Its body is gray, varied with black and white. Called also <altname>coon</altname>, and <altname>mapach</altname>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Raccoon dog</b></col> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld>, <cd>the tanate.</cd> -- <col><b>Raccoon fox</b></col> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld>, <cd>the cacomixle.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Race</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;s)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To raze.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Spenser.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><!-- p. 1182 pr=vmg --></p>

<p><hw>Race</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF. <ets>ra&iuml;z</ets>, L. <ets>radix</ets>, <ets>-icis</ets>. See <er>Radix</er>.]</ety> <def>A root.</def> &ldquo;A <xex>race</xex> or two of ginger.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Shak.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Race ginger</b></col>, <cd>ginger in the root, or not pulverized.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Race</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>race</ets>; cf. Pr. &amp; Sp. <ets>raza</ets>, It. <ets>razza</ets>; all from OHG. <ets>reiza</ets> line, akin to E. <ets>write</ets>. See <er>Write</er>.]</ety><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>1.</sn> <def>The descendants of a common ancestor; a family, tribe, people, or nation, believed or presumed to belong to the same stock; a lineage; a breed.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>The whole <qex>race</qex> of mankind.</q> <rj><qau>Shak.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Whence the long <qex>race</qex> of Alban fathers come.</q> <rj><qau>Dryden.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><note>&hand_; Naturalists and ethnographers divide mankind into several distinct varieties, or races. Cuvier refers them all to three, Pritchard enumerates seven, Agassiz eight, Pickering describes eleven. One of the common classifications is that of Blumenbach, who makes five races: the <xex>Caucasian</xex>, or white race, to which belong the greater part of the European nations and those of Western Asia; the <xex>Mongolian</xex>, or yellow race, occupying Tartary, China, Japan, etc.; the <xex>Ethiopian</xex>, or negro race, occupying most of Africa (except the north), Australia, Papua, and other Pacific Islands; the <xex>American</xex>, or red race, comprising the Indians of North and South America; and the <xex>Malayan</xex>, or brown race, which occupies the islands of the Indian Archipelago, etc. Many recent writers classify the Malay and American races as branches of the Mongolian. See <xex>Illustration</xex> in Appendix.</note><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Company; herd; breed.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>For do but note a wild and wanton herd,<br/>
Or <qex>race</qex> of youthful and unhandled colts,<br/>
Fetching mad bounds.</q> <rj><qau>Shak.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A variety of such fixed character that it may be propagated by seed.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>4.</sn> <def>Peculiar flavor, taste, or strength, as of wine; that quality, or assemblage of qualities, which indicates origin or kind, as in wine; hence, characteristic flavor; smack.</def> &ldquo;A <xex>race</xex> of heaven.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Shak.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Is it [the wine] of the right <qex>race</qex> ?</q> <rj><qau>Massinger.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>5.</sn> <def>Hence, characteristic quality or disposition.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>And now I give my sensual <qex>race</qex> the rein.</q> <rj><qau>Shak.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Some . . . great <qex>race</qex> of fancy or judgment.</q> <rj><qau>Sir W. Temple.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><syn><b>Syn.</b> -- Lineage; line; family; house; breed; offspring; progeny; issue.</syn><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Race</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>ras</ets>, <ets>res</ets>, <ets>rees</ets>, AS. <ets>r&aemacr_;s</ets> a rush, running; akin to Icel. <ets>r&amacr;s</ets> course, race. &radic;118.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A progress; a course; a movement or progression.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Esp., swift progress; rapid course; a running.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>The flight of many birds is swifter than the <qex>race</qex> of any beasts.</q> <rj><qau>Bacon.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>Hence: The act or process of running in competition; a contest of speed in any way, as in running, riding, driving, skating, rowing, sailing; in the plural, usually, a meeting for contests in the running of horses; <as>as, he attended the <ex>races</ex></as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>The <qex>race</qex> is not to the swift.</q> <rj><qau>Eccl. ix. 11.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>I wield the gauntlet, and I run the <qex>race</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Pope.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>4.</sn> <def>Competitive action of any kind, especially when prolonged; hence, career; course of life.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>My <qex>race</qex> of glory run, and <qex>race</qex> of shame.</q> <rj><qau>Milton.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>5.</sn> <def>A strong or rapid current of water, or the channel or passage for such a current; a powerful current or heavy sea, sometimes produced by the meeting of two tides; <as>as, the Portland <ex>Race</ex>; the <ex>Race</ex> of Alderney.</as></def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>6.</sn> <def>The current of water that turns a water wheel, or the channel in which it flows; a mill race.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><note>&hand_; The part of the channel above the wheel is sometimes called the <xex>headrace</xex>, the part below, the <xex>tailrace</xex>.</note><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A channel or guide along which a shuttle is driven back and forth, as in a loom, sewing machine, etc.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Race cloth</b></col>, <cd>a cloth worn by horses in racing, having pockets to hold the weights prescribed.</cd> -- <col><b>Race course</b></col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The path, generally circular or elliptical, over which a race is run</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Same as <cref>Race way</cref>, below.</cd> -- <col><b>Race cup</b></col>, <cd>a cup given as a prize to the victor in a race.</cd> -- <col><b>Race glass</b></col>, <cd>a kind of field glass.</cd> -- <col><b>Race horse</b></col>.  <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A horse that runs in competition; specifically, a horse bred or kept for running races</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A breed of horses remarkable for swiftness in running</cd>. <sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <cd>The steamer duck</cd>. <sd>(d)</sd> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <cd>A mantis.</cd> -- <col><b>Race knife</b></col>, <cd>a cutting tool with a blade that is hooked at the point, for marking outlines, on boards or metals, as by a pattern, -- used in shipbuilding.</cd> -- <col><b>Race saddle</b></col>, <cd>a light saddle used in racing.</cd> -- <col><b>Race track</b></col>. <cd>Same as <cref>Race course</cref> <sd>(a)</sd>, above.</cd> -- <col><b>Race way</b></col>, <cd>the canal for the current that drives a water wheel.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Race</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Raced</conjf> <pr>(r&amacr;st)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Racing</conjf> <pr>(r&amacr;"s&ibreve_;ng)</pr>.]</vmorph> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To run swiftly; to contend in a race; <as>as, the animals <ex>raced</ex> over the ground; the ships <ex>raced</ex> from port to port.</as></def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Steam Mach.)</fld> <def>To run too fast at times, as a marine engine or screw, when the screw is lifted out of water by the action of a heavy sea.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Race</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To cause to contend in a race; to drive at high speed; <as>as, to <ex>race</ex> horses</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To run a race with.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Race"a*bout`</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;s"&adot_;*bout`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A small sloop-rigged racing yacht carrying about six hundred square feet of sail, distinguished from a knockabout by having a short bowsprit.</def><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra*ce"mate</hw> <pr>(r&adot_;*s&emacr;"m&auptack_;t)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of racemic acid.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rac`e*ma"tion</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;s`&euptack_;*m&amacr;"sh&ubreve;n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>racematio</ets> a gleaning, fr. <ets>racemari</ets> to glean, <ets>racemus</ets> a cluster of grapes. See <er>Raceme</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A cluster or bunch, as of grapes.</def>  <rj><au>Sir T. Browne.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Cultivation or gathering of clusters of grapes.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> <rj><au>Bp. Burnet.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra*ceme"</hw> <pr>(r&adot_;*s&emacr;m"; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>racemus</ets> a bunch of berries, a cluster of grapes. See <er>Raisin</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A flower cluster with an elongated axis and many one-flowered lateral pedicels, as in the currant and chokecherry.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Compound raceme</b></col>, <cd>one having the lower pedicels developed into secondary racemes.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra*cemed"</hw> <pr>(r&adot_;*s&emacr;md")</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Arranged in a raceme, or in racemes.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra*ce"mic</hw> <pr>(r&adot_;*s&emacr;"m&ibreve_;k)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>rac&eacute;mique</ets>. See <er>Raceme</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, an acid found in many kinds of grapes. It is also obtained from tartaric acid, with which it is isomeric, and from sugar, gum, etc., by oxidation. It is a sour white crystalline substance, consisting of a combination of dextrorotatory and levorotatory tartaric acids.</def>  <rj><au>Gregory.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rac`e*mif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;s`&euptack_;*m&ibreve_;f"&etilde_;r*&ubreve;s)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>racemifer</ets> bearing clusters; <ets>racemus</ets> cluster + <ets>ferre</ets> to bear: cf. F. <ets>rac&eacute;mif&egrave;re</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Bearing racemes, as the currant.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra*cem"i*form</hw> <pr>(r&adot_;*s&ebreve_;m"&ibreve_;*f&ocirc;rm)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having the form of a raceme.</def>  <rj><au>Gray.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rac"e*mose`</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;s"&euptack_;*m&omacr;s`)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>racemosus</ets> full of clusters.]</ety> <def>Resembling a raceme; growing in the form of a raceme; <as>as, <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <ex>racemose</ex> berries or flowers; <fld>(Anat.)</fld> the <ex>racemose</ex> glands, in which the ducts are branched and clustered like a raceme</as>.</def>  <rj><au>Gray.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rac"e*mous</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;s"&euptack_;*m&ubreve;s <i>or</i> r&adot_;*s&emacr;"m&ubreve;s; 277)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>rac&eacute;meux</ets>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Racemose</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rac"e*mule</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;s"&euptack_;*m&umacr;l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A little raceme.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra*cem"u*lose`</hw> <pr>(r&adot_;*s&ebreve_;m"&uuptack_;*l&omacr;s`)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Growing in very small racemes.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra"cer</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"s&etilde_;r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who, or that which, races, or contends in a race; esp., a race horse.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>And bade the nimblest <qex>racer</qex> seize the prize.</q> <rj><qau>Pope.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>The common American black snake.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>One of the circular iron or steel rails on which the chassis of a heavy gun is turned.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Race suicide</hw>. <def>The voluntary failure of the members of a race or people to have a number of children sufficient to keep the birth rate equal to the death rate.</def><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><mhw>{ <hw>Rach</hw>, <hw>Rache</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;ch)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>r&aelig;cc</ets>; akin to Icel. <ets>rakki</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>A dog that pursued his prey by scent, as distinguished from the greyhound.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>&Verbar;Ra`chi*al"gi*a</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;`k&ibreve_;*&abreve;l"j&ibreve_;*&adot_;)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <grk>"ra`chis</grk> backbone + <grk>'a`lgos</grk> pain.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A painful affection of the spine; especially, <stype>Pott's disease</stype>; also, formerly, lead colic.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra*chid"i*an</hw> <pr>(r&adot_;*k&ibreve_;d"&ibreve_;*&aitalic_;n)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Rachis</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat. &amp; Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the rachis; spinal; vertebral. Same as <er>Rhachidian</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>&Verbar;Ra*chil"la</hw> <pr>(r&adot_;*k&ibreve_;l"l&adot_;)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Rhachilla</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra"chi*o*dont</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"k&ibreve_;*&ouptack_;*d&obreve_;nt)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Rhachiodont</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>&Verbar;Ra"chis</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"k&ibreve_;s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu><it>pl.</it> E. <plw>Rachises</plw> <pr>(r&amacr;"k&ibreve_;s*&ebreve_;z)</pr>, L. <plw>Rachides</plw> <pr>(r&abreve;k"&ibreve_;*d&emacr;z)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <grk>"ra`chis</grk>, <grk>-ios</grk>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>rhachis</asp>.]</altsp> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The spine; the vertebral column.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot. &amp; Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Rhachis</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra*chit"ic</hw> <pr>(r&adot_;*k&ibreve_;t"&ibreve_;k)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>rachitique</ets>. See <er>Rachitis</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to rachitis; affected by rachitis; rickety.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>&Verbar;Ra*chi"tis</hw> <pr>(r&adot_;*k&imacr;"t&ibreve_;s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <grk>"rachi^tis</grk> (sc. <grk>nosos</grk>), fr. <grk>"ra`chis</grk>, <grk>-ios</grk>, the spine.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>rhachitis</asp>.]</altsp> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Literally, inflammation of the spine, but commonly applied to the rickets. See <er>Rickets</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A disease which produces abortion in the fruit or seeds.</def>  <rj><au>Henslow.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra"chi*tome</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"k&ibreve_;*t&omacr;m)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr. Gr. <grk>"ra`chis</grk>, <grk>-ios</grk>, the spine + <grk>te`mnein</grk> to cut.]</ety> <def>A dissecting instrument for opening the spinal canal.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>rachiotome</asp>.]</altsp><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra"cial</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"sh&aitalic_;l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining to a race or family of men; <as>as, the <ex>racial</ex> complexion</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra"ci*ly</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"s&ibreve_;*l&ybreve_;)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a racy manner.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra"ci*ness</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"s&ibreve_;*n&ebreve_;s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of being racy; peculiar and piquant flavor.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>The general characteristics of his [Cobbett's] style were perspicuity, unequaled and inimitable; . . . a purity always simple, and <qex>raciness</qex> often elegant.</q> <rj><qau>London Times.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra"cing</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"s&ibreve_;ng)</pr>, <def><pos>a. &amp; n.</pos> from <er>Race</er>, <pos>v. t. &amp; i.</pos></def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Racing crab</b></col> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld>, <cd>an ocypodian.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rack</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;k)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as <er>Arrack</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rack</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>hracca</ets> neck, hinder part of the head; cf. AS. <ets>hraca</ets> throat, G. <ets>rachen</ets> throat, E. <ets>retch</ets>.]</ety> <def>The neck and spine of a fore quarter of veal or mutton.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rack</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Wreck</er>.]</ety> <def>A wreck; destruction.</def> <mark>[Obs., except in a few phrases.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Rack and ruin</b></col>, <cd>destruction; utter ruin.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col><b>To go to rack</b></col>, <cd>to perish; to be destroyed.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> &ldquo;All <xex>goes to rack</xex>.&rdquo; <au>Pepys.</au></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rack</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Prob. fr. Icel. <ets>rek</ets> drift, motion, and akin to <ets>reka</ets> to drive, and E. <ets>wrack</ets>, <ets>wreck</ets>. &radic;282.]</ety> <def>Thin, flying, broken clouds, or any portion of floating vapor in the sky.</def>  <rj><au>Shak.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>The winds in the upper region, which move the clouds above, which we call the <qex>rack</qex>, . . . pass without noise.</q> <rj><qau>Bacon.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>And the night <qex>rack</qex> came rolling up.</q> <rj><qau>C. Kingsley.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rack</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To fly, as vapor or broken clouds.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rack</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Racked</conjf> <pr>(r&abreve;kt)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Racking</conjf>.]</vmorph> <ety>[See <er>Rack</er> that which stretches, or <er>Rock</er>, <pos>v.</pos>]</ety> <def>To amble fast, causing a rocking or swaying motion of the body; to pace; -- said of a horse.</def>  <rj><au>Fuller.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rack</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A fast amble.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rack</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>vin raqu&eacute;</ets> wine squeezed from the dregs of the grapes.]</ety> <def>To draw off from the lees or sediment, as wine.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>It is in common practice to draw wine or beer from the lees (which we call <qex>racking</qex>), whereby it will clarify much the sooner.</q> <rj><qau>Bacon.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Rack vintage</b></col>, <cd>wine cleansed and drawn from the lees.</cd> <au>Cowell.</au></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rack</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Probably fr. D. <ets>rek</ets>, <ets>rek</ets>bank, a rack, <ets>rekken</ets> to stretch; akin to G. <ets>reck</ets>, <ets>reck</ets>bank, a rack, <ets>recken</ets> to stretch, Dan. <ets>r&aelig;kke</ets>, Sw. <ets>r&auml;cka</ets>, Icel. <ets>rekja</ets> to spread out, Goth. <ets>refrakjan</ets> to stretch out; cf. L. <ets>porrigere</ets>, Gr. <grk>'ore`gein</grk>. &radic;115.   Cf. <er>Right</er>, <pos>a.</pos>, <er>Ratch</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An instrument or frame used for stretching, extending, retaining, or displaying, something.</def> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An engine of torture, consisting of a large frame, upon which the body was gradually stretched until, sometimes, the joints were dislocated; -- formerly used judicially for extorting confessions from criminals or suspected persons.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>During the troubles of the fifteenth century, a <qex>rack</qex> was introduced into the Tower, and was occasionally used under the plea of political necessity.</q> <rj><qau>Macaulay.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sd>(b)</sd> <def>An instrument for bending a bow.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A grate on which bacon is laid.</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <def>A frame or device of various construction for holding, and preventing the waste of, hay, grain, etc., supplied to beasts.</def> <sd>(e)</sd> <def>A frame on which articles are deposited for keeping or arranged for display; as, a clothes <xex>rack</xex>; a bottle <xex>rack</xex>, etc.</def> <sd>(f)</sd> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A piece or frame of wood, having several sheaves, through which the running rigging passes; -- called also <altname>rack block</altname>. Also, a frame to hold shot.</def> <sd>(g)</sd> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A frame or table on which ores are separated or washed.</def> <sd>(h)</sd> <def>A frame fitted to a wagon for carrying hay, straw, or grain on the stalk, or other bulky loads.</def> <sd>(i)</sd> <def>A distaff.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>A bar with teeth on its face, or edge, to work with those of a wheel, pinion, or worm, which is to drive it or be driven by it.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>That which is extorted; exaction.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Sir E. Sandys.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Mangle rack</b></col>. <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Mangle</er>. <pos>n.</pos></cd> -- <col><b>Rack block</b></col>. <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>See def. 1 <sd>(f)</sd>, above.</cd> -- <col><b>Rack lashing</b></col>, <cd>a lashing or binding where the rope is tightened, and held tight by the use of a small stick of wood twisted around.</cd> -- <col><b>Rack rail</b></col> <fld>(Railroads)</fld>, <cd>a toothed rack, laid as a rail, to afford a hold for teeth on the driving wheel of a locomotive for climbing steep gradients, as in ascending a mountain.</cd> -- <col><b>Rack saw</b></col>, <cd>a saw having wide teeth.</cd> -- <col><b>Rack stick</b></col>, <cd>the stick used in a rack lashing.</cd> -- <col><b>To be on the rack</b></col>, <cd>to suffer torture, physical or mental.</cd> -- <col><b>To live at rack and manger</b></col>, <cd>to live on the best at another's expense.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col><b>To put to the rack</b></col>, <cd>to subject to torture; to torment.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>A fit of the stone <qex>puts</qex> a king <qex>to the rack</qex>, and makes him as miserable as it does the meanest subject.</q> <rj><qau>Sir W. Temple.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rack</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;k)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To extend by the application of force; to stretch or strain; specifically, to stretch on the rack or wheel; to torture by an engine which strains the limbs and pulls the joints.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>He was <qex>racked</qex> and miserably tormented.</q> <rj><qau>Foxe.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To torment; to torture; to affect with extreme pain or anguish.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Vaunting aloud but <qex>racked</qex> with deep despair.</q> <rj><qau>Milton.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>To stretch or strain, in a figurative sense; hence, to harass, or oppress by extortion.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>The landlords there shamefully <qex>rack</qex> their tenants.</q> <rj><qau>Spenser.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>They [landlords] <qex>rack</qex> their rents an ace too high.</q> <rj><qau>Gascoigne.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Grant that I may never <qex>rack</qex> a Scripture simile beyond the true intent thereof.</q> <rj><qau>Fuller.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Try what my credit can in Venice do;<br/>
That shall be <qex>racked</qex> even to the uttermost.</q> <rj><qau>Shak.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>To wash on a rack, as metals or ore.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To bind together, as two ropes, with cross turns of yarn, marline, etc.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><mcol><col><b>To rack one's brains</b></col> <it>or</it> <col><b>To rack one's brains out</b></col> <it>or</it> <col><b>To rack one's wits</b></col></mcol>, <cd>to exert one's thinking processes to the utmost for the purpose of accomplishing something; <as>as, I <ex>racked my brains out</ex> trying to find a way to solve the problem</as>.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source> <source>+PJC</source>]</p>

<p><syn><b>Syn.</b> -- To torture; torment; rend; tear.</syn><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rack"a*bones`</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;k"&adot_;*b&omacr;nz`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A very lean animal, esp. a horse.</def> <mark>[Colloq. U. S.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rack"a*rock`</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;k"&adot_;*r&obreve_;k`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>  <ety>[<ets>Rack</ets> to stretch, strain + <ets>a</ets> + <ets>rock</ets>.]</ety> <def>A Sprengel explosive consisting of potassium chlorate and mono-nitrobenzene.</def><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rack"er</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;k"&etilde_;r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who racks.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>A horse that has a racking gait.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rack"et</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;k"&ebreve_;t)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>raquette</ets>; cf. Sp. <ets>raqueta</ets>, It. <ets>racchetta</ets>, which is perhaps for <ets>retichetta</ets>, and fr. L. <ets>rete</ets> a net (cf. <er>Reticule</er>); or perh. from the Arabic; cf. Ar. <ets>r&amacr;ha</ets> the palm of the hand (used at first to strike the ball), and OF. <ets>rachette</ets>, <ets>rasquette</ets>, carpus, tarsus.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>racquet</asp>.]</altsp> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A thin strip of wood, having the ends brought together, forming a somewhat elliptical hoop, across which a network of catgut or cord is stretched. It is furnished with a handle, and is used for catching or striking a ball in tennis and similar games.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Each one [of the Indians] has a bat curved like a crosier, and ending in a <qex>racket</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Bancroft.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>A variety of the game of tennis played with peculiar long-handled rackets; -- chiefly in the plural.</def>  <rj><au>Chaucer.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>A snowshoe formed of cords stretched across a long and narrow frame of light wood.</def> <mark>[Canada]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>4.</sn> <def>A broad wooden shoe or patten for a man or horse, to enable him to step on marshy or soft ground.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Racket court</b></col>, <cd>a court for playing the game of rackets.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rack"et</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To strike with, or as with, a racket.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Poor man [is] <qex>racketed</qex> from one temptation to another.</q> <rj><qau>Hewyt.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rack"et</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gael. <ets>racaid</ets> a noise, disturbance.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>confused, clattering noise; din; noisy talk or sport.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>A carouse; any reckless dissipation.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rack"et</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A scheme, dodge, trick, or the like; something taking place considered as exciting, trying, unusual, or the like; also, such occurrence considered as an ordeal; <as>as, to work a <ex>racket</ex>; to stand upon the <ex>racket</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>an organized illegal activity, such as illegal gambling, bootlegging, or extortion.</def><br/>
[<source>PJC</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rack"et</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Racketed</conjf>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Racketing</conjf>.]</vmorph> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make a confused noise or racket.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To engage in noisy sport; to frolic.</def>  <rj><au>Sterne.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>To carouse or engage in dissipation.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rack"et*er</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;k"&ebreve_;t*&etilde_;r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who makes, or engages in, a racket.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rack"ett</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;k"&ebreve_;t)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>An old wind instrument of the double bassoon kind, having ventages but not keys.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rack"et-tail</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;k"&ebreve_;t-t&amacr;l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>Any one of several species of humming birds of the genus <gen>Steganura</gen>, having two of the tail feathers very long and racket-shaped.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rack"et-tailed`</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;k"&ebreve_;t-t&amacr;ld`)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>Having long and spatulate, or racket-shaped, tail feathers.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rack"et*y</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;k"&ebreve_;t*&ybreve_;)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Making a tumultuous noise.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rack"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Spun yarn used in racking ropes.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rack"-rent`</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;k"r&ebreve_;nt`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A rent of the full annual value of the tenement, or near it; an excessive or unreasonably high rent.</def>  <rj><au>Blackstone.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rack"-rent`</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To subject to rack-rent, as a farm or tenant.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rack"-rent`er</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;k"r&ebreve_;nt`&etilde_;r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who is subjected to paying rack-rent.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>One who exacts rack-rent.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><!-- p. 1183 pr=vmg --></p>

<p><hw>Rack"tail`</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;k"t&amacr;l`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Horol.)</fld> <def>An arm attached to a swinging notched arc or rack, to let off the striking mechanism of a repeating clock.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rack"work`</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;k"w&ucirc;rk`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Any mechanism having a rack, as a rack and pinion.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra"cle</hw> <pr>(r&auml;"k'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>See <er>Rakel</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Chaucer.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra"cle*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See <er>Rakelness</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Chaucer.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>&Verbar;Ra`con`teur"</hw> <pr>(r&adot_;`k&ocirc;N`t&etilde_;r")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A relater; a storyteller.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>&Verbar;Ra*coon"da</hw> <pr>(r&adot_;*k&oomacr_;n"d&adot_;)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From a native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>The coypu.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra*co"vi*an</hw> <pr>(r&adot_;*k&omacr;"v&ibreve_;*&aitalic_;n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From <ets>Racow</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>One of a sect of Socinians or Unitarians in Poland.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rac"quet</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;k"k&ebreve_;t)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See <er>Racket</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra"cy</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"s&ybreve_;)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <amorph>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <adjf>Racier</adjf> <pr>(r&amacr;"s&ibreve_;*&etilde_;r)</pr>; <pos>superl.</pos> <adjf>Raciest</adjf>.]</amorph> <ety>[From <er>Race</er> a tribe, family.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Having a strong flavor indicating origin; of distinct characteristic taste; tasting of the soil; hence, fresh; rich.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>The <qex>racy</qex> wine,<br/>
Late from the mellowing cask restored to light.</q> <rj><qau>Pope.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence: Exciting to the mental taste by a strong or distinctive character of thought or language; peculiar and piquant; fresh and lively.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Our <qex>raciest</qex>, most idiomatic popular words.</q> <rj><qau>M. Arnold.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Burns's English, though not so <qex>racy</qex> as his Scotch, is generally correct.</q> <rj><qau>H. Coleridge.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>The rich and <qex>racy</qex> humor of a natural converser fresh from the plow.</q> <rj><qau>Prof. Wilson.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>somewhat suggestive of sexual themes; slightly improper; risqu&eacute;.</def><br/>
[<source>PJC</source>]</p>

<p><syn><b>Syn.</b> -- Spicy; spirited; lively; smart; piquant; risqu&uuml;.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Racy</er>, <er>Spicy</er>. <xex>Racy</xex> refers primarily to that peculiar flavor which certain wines are supposed to derive from the soil in which the grapes were grown; and hence we call a style or production <xex>racy</xex> when it &ldquo;smacks of the soil,&rdquo; or has an uncommon degree of natural freshness and distinctiveness of thought and language. <xex>Spicy</xex>, when applied to style, has reference to a spirit and pungency added by art, seasoning the matter like a condiment. It does not, like <xex>racy</xex>, suggest native peculiarity. A <xex>spicy</xex> article in a magazine; a <xex>spicy</xex> retort. <xex>Racy</xex> in conversation; a <xex>racy</xex> remark.</usage><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Rich, <qex>racy</qex> verses, in which we<br/>
The soil from which they come, taste, smell, and see.</q> <rj><qau>Cowley.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rad</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;d)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[<ets>r</ets>adiation <ets>a</ets>bsorbed <ets>d</ets>ose.]</ety> <def>a unit of measurement of the amount of ionizing radiation absorbed by an object, equal to an energy of 100 ergs per gram of irradiated material (equal to 0.01 gray).</def><br/>
[<source>PJC</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rad</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;d)</pr>, <mark>obs.</mark> <def><pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> of <er>Read</er>, <er>Rede</er>.</def>  <rj><au>Spenser.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rad"de</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;d"d&eitalic_;)</pr>, <mark>obs.</mark> <def><pos>imp.</pos> of <er>Read</er>, <er>Rede</er>.</def>  <rj><au>Chaucer.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rad"dle</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;d"d'l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. G. <ets>r&auml;der</ets>, <ets>r&auml;del</ets>, sieve, or perhaps E. <ets>reed</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A long, flexible stick, rod, or branch, which is interwoven with others, between upright posts or stakes, in making a kind of hedge or fence.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>A hedge or fence made with raddles; -- called also <altname>raddle hedge</altname>.</def>  <rj><au>Todd.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>An instrument consisting of a wooden bar, with a row of upright pegs set in it, used by domestic weavers to keep the warp of a proper width, and prevent tangling when it is wound upon the beam of the loom.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rad"dle</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;d"d'l)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To interweave or twist together.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q><qex>Raddling</qex> or working it up like basket work.</q> <rj><qau>De Foe.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rad"dle</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;d"d'l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. <er>Ruddle</er>.]</ety> <def>A red pigment used in marking sheep, and in some mechanical processes; ruddle.</def> &ldquo;A <xex>raddle</xex> of rouge.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Thackeray.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rad"dle</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To mark or paint with, or as with, raddle.</def>  &ldquo;Whitened and <qex>raddled</qex> old women.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Thackeray.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rad"dock</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;d"d&ubreve;k)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>The ruddock.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rade</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;d)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A raid.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>&Verbar;Ra`deau"</hw> <pr>(r&adot_;`d&omacr;")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A float; a raft.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Three vessels under sail, and one at anchor, above Split Rock, and behind it the <qex>radeau</qex> Thunderer.</q> <rj><qau>W. Irving.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra"di*al</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"d&ibreve_;*&aitalic_;l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>radial</ets>. See <er>Radius</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a radius or ray; consisting of, or like, radii or rays; radiated; <as>as, <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <ex>radial</ex> projections; <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <ex>radial</ex> vessels or canals; <fld>(Anat.)</fld> the <ex>radial</ex> artery</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Radial symmetry</b></col>. <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Symmetry</er>.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>&Verbar;Ra`di*a"le</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;`d&ibreve_;*&amacr;"l&euptack_;)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu><it>pl.</it> <plw>Radialia</plw> <pr>(r&amacr;`d&ibreve_;*&amacr;"l&ibreve_;*&adot_;)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[NL. See <er>Radial</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The bone or cartilage of the carpus which articulates with the radius and corresponds to the scaphoid bone in man.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>Radial plates in the calyx of a crinoid.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Radial engine</hw>. <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>An engine, usually an internal-combustion engine of a certain type (the <col><b>radial type</b></col>) having several cylinders arranged radially like the spokes of a complete wheel. The <col><b>semiradial engine</b></col> has radiating cylinders on only one side of the crank shaft.</def><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra"di*al*ly</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"d&ibreve_;*&aitalic_;l*l&ybreve_;)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a radial manner.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Radial tire</hw>. <fld>(Automobiles)</fld> <def>a motor vehicle tire in which the cords run at right angles to the plane of the tire (considered as a disk).</def><br/>
[<source>PJC</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra"di*an</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"d&ibreve_;*&aitalic_;n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From <er>Radius</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>An arc of a circle which is equal to the radius, or the angle measured by such an arc.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><mhw>{ <hw>Ra"di*ance</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"d&ibreve_;*&aitalic_;ns)</pr>, <hw>Ra"di*an*cy</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"d&ibreve_;*&aitalic_;n*s&ybreve_;)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of being radiant; brilliancy; effulgence; vivid brightness; <as>as, the <ex>radiance</ex> of the sun</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Girt with omnipotence, with <qex>radiance</qex> crowned.</q> <rj><qau>Milton.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>What <qex>radiancy</qex> of glory,<br/>
What light beyond compare !</q> <rj><qau>Neale.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><syn><b>Syn.</b> -- Luster; brilliancy; splendor; glare; glitter.</syn><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra"di*ant</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"d&ibreve_;*&aitalic_;nt)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>radians</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>radiare</ets> to emit rays or beams, fr. <ets>radius</ets> ray: cf. F. <ets>radiant</ets>. See <er>Radius</er>, <er>Ray</er> a divergent line.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Emitting or proceeding as from a center; resembling rays; radiating; radiate.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Especially, emitting or darting rays of light or heat; issuing in beams or rays; beaming with brightness; emitting a vivid light or splendor; <as>as, the <ex>radiant</ex> sun</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Mark what <qex>radiant</qex> state she spreads.</q> <rj><qau>Milton.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>Beaming with vivacity and happiness; <as>as, a <ex>radiant</ex> face</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Giving off rays; -- said of a bearing; <as>as, the sun <ex>radiant</ex>; a crown <ex>radiant</ex>.</as></def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having a raylike appearance, as the large marginal flowers of certain umbelliferous plants; -- said also of the cluster which has such marginal flowers.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>Emitted or transmitted by radiation; <as>as, a <ex>radiant</ex> energy; <ex>radiant</ex> heat</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Radiant energy</b></col> <fld>(Physics)</fld>, <cd>energy given out or transmitted by radiation, as in the case of light and radiant heat.</cd> -- <col><b>Radiant heat</b></col>, <cd>heat proceeding in right lines, or directly from the heated body, after the manner of light, in distinction from heat <xex>conducted</xex> or carried by intervening media.</cd> -- <col><b>Radiant point</b></col>. <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Radiant</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 3.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra"di*ant</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Opt.)</fld> <def>The luminous point or object from which light emanates; also, a body radiating light brightly.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A straight line proceeding from a given point, or fixed pole, about which it is conceived to revolve.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>The point in the heavens at which the apparent paths of shooting stars meet, when traced backward, or whence they appear to radiate.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Radiant engine</hw>. <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A semiradial engine. See <er>Radial engine</er>, above.</def><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra"di*ant*ly</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"d&ibreve_;*&aitalic_;nt*l&ybreve_;)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a radiant manner; with glittering splendor.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra"di*a*ry</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"d&ibreve_;*&auptack_;*r&ybreve_;)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>radiaire</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>A radiate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>&Verbar;Ra`di*a"ta</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"d&ibreve_;*&amacr;"t&adot_;)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr. <ets>radiatus</ets>, p. p. See <er>Radiate</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>An extensive artificial group of invertebrates, having all the parts arranged radially around the vertical axis of the body, and the various organs repeated symmetrically in each ray or spheromere.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><note>&hand_; It includes the c&oelig;lenterates and the echinoderms. Formerly, the group was supposed to be a natural one, and was considered one of the grand divisions of the animal kingdom.</note><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra"di*ate</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"d&ibreve_;*&amacr;t)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Radiated</conjf> <pr>(r&amacr;"d&ibreve_;*&amacr;`t&ebreve_;d)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Radiating</conjf>.]</vmorph> <ety>[L. <ets>radiatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>radiare</ets> to furnish with spokes or rays, to radiate, fr. <ets>radius</ets> ray. See <er>Radius</er>, <er>Ray</er> a divergent line.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To emit rays; to be radiant; to shine.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Virtues shine more clear<br/>
In them [kings], and <qex>radiate</qex> like the sun at noon.</q> <rj><qau>Howell.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To proceed in direct lines from a point or surface; to issue in rays, as light or heat.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Light <qex>radiates</qex> from luminous bodies directly to our eyes.</q> <rj><qau>Locke.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra"di*ate</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To emit or send out in direct lines from a point or points; <as>as, to <ex>radiate</ex> heat</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To enlighten; to illuminate; to shed light or brightness on; to irradiate.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra"di*ate</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"d&ibreve_;*&auptack_;t)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>radiatus</ets>, p. p.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Having rays or parts diverging from a center; radiated; <as>as, a <ex>radiate</ex> crystal</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having in a capitulum large ray florets which are unlike the disk florets, as in the aster, daisy, etc.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>Belonging to the Radiata.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra"di*ate</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>One of the Radiata.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra"di*a`ted</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"d&ibreve_;*&amacr;`t&ebreve_;d)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Emitted, or sent forth, in rays or direct lines; <as>as, <ex>radiated</ex> heat</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Formed of, or arranged like, rays or radii; having parts or markings diverging, like radii, from a common center or axis; <as>as, a <ex>radiated</ex> structure; a <ex>radiated</ex> group of crystals.</as></def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>Belonging to the Radiata.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra"di*ate*ly</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"d&ibreve_;*&auptack_;t*l&ybreve_;)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a radiate manner; with radiation or divergence from a center.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra"di*ate-veined`</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"d&ibreve_;*&auptack_;t-v&amacr;nd`)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the principal veins radiating, or diverging, from the apex of the petiole; -- said of such leaves as those of the grapevine, most maples, and the castor-oil plant.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra`di*at"i*form</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;`d&ibreve_;*&abreve;t"&ibreve_;*f&ocirc;rm)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the marginal florets enlarged and radiating but not ligulate, as in the capitula or heads of the cornflower.</def>  <rj><au>Gray.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra`di*a"tion</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;`d&ibreve_;*&amacr;"sh&ubreve;n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>radiatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>radiation</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of radiating, or the state of being radiated; emission and diffusion of rays of light; beamy brightness.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>The shooting forth of anything from a point or surface, like the diverging rays of light; <as>as, the <ex>radiation</ex> of heat</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra"di*a*tive</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"d&ibreve_;*&auptack_;*t&ibreve_;v)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable of radiating; acting by radiation.</def>  <rj><au>Tyndall.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra"di*a`tor</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"d&ibreve_;*&amacr;`t&etilde_;r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>That which radiates or emits rays, whether of light or heat; especially, that part of a heating apparatus from which the heat is radiated or diffused; <as>as, a steam <ex>radiator</ex></as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Any of various devices for cooling an internal substance by radiation, as a system of rings on a gun barrel for cooling it, or a nest of tubes with large radiating surface for cooling circulating water, as in an automobile.</def><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn>  <fld>(Wireless Teleg.)</fld> <def>An oscillator.</def><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rad"i*cal</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;d"&ibreve_;*k&aitalic_;l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>radicalis</ets> having roots, fr. <ets>radix</ets>, <ets>-icis</ets>, a root. See <er>Radix</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to the root; proceeding directly from the root.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence: Of or pertaining to the root or origin; reaching to the center, to the foundation, to the ultimate sources, to the principles, or the like; original; fundamental; thorough-going; unsparing; extreme; <as>as, <ex>radical</ex> evils; <ex>radical</ex> reform; a <ex>radical</ex> party.</as></def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>The most determined exertions of that authority, against them, only showed their <qex>radical</qex> independence.</q> <rj><qau>Burke.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Belonging to, or proceeding from, the root of a plant; <as>as, <ex>radical</ex> tubers or hairs</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Proceeding from a rootlike stem, or one which does not rise above the ground; <as>as, the <ex>radical</ex> leaves of the dandelion and the sidesaddle flower</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Philol.)</fld> <def>Relating, or belonging, to the root, or ultimate source of derivation; <as>as, a <ex>radical</ex> verbal form</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to a radix or root; <as>as, a <ex>radical</ex> quantity; a <ex>radical</ex> sign. See below.</as></def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Radical axis of two circles</b></col>. <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Axis</er>.</cd> -- <col><b>Radical pitch</b></col>, <cd>the pitch or tone with which the utterance of a syllable begins.</cd> <au>Rush.</au> -- <col><b>Radical quantity</b></col> <fld>(Alg.)</fld>, <cd>a quantity to which the radical sign is prefixed; specifically, a quantity which is not a perfect power of the degree indicated by the radical sign; a surd.</cd> -- <col><b>Radical sign</b></col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>the sign &radic; (originally the letter <xex>r</xex>, the initial of <xex>radix</xex>, root), placed before any quantity, denoting that its root is to be extracted; thus, &radic;<it>a</it>, or &radic;(<it>a</it> + <it>b</it>). To indicate any other than the square root, a corresponding figure is placed over the sign; thus, &cuberoot_;<it>a</it>, indicates the third or cube root of <it>a</it>.</cd> -- <col><b>Radical stress</b></col> <fld>(Elocution)</fld>, <cd>force of utterance falling on the initial part of a syllable or sound.</cd> -- <col><b>Radical vessels</b></col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>minute vessels which originate in the substance of the tissues.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><syn><b>Syn.</b> -- Primitive; original; natural; underived; fundamental; entire.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Radical</er>, <er>Entire</er>. These words are frequently employed as interchangeable in describing some marked alteration in the condition of things. There is, however, an obvious difference between them. A <xex>radical</xex> cure, reform, etc., is one which goes to the root of the thing in question; and it is <xex>entire</xex>, in the sense that, by affecting the root, it affects in an appropriate degree the <xex>entire</xex> body nourished by the root; but it may not be <xex>entire</xex> in the sense of making a change complete in its nature, as well as in its extent. Hence, we speak of a <xex>radical</xex> change; a <xex>radical</xex> improvement; <xex>radical</xex> differences of opinion; while an <xex>entire</xex> change, an <xex>entire</xex> improvement, an <xex>entire</xex> difference of opinion, might indicate more than was actually intended. A certain change may be both <xex>radical</xex> and <xex>entire</xex>, in every sense.</usage><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rad"i*cal</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;d"&ibreve_;*k&aitalic_;l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Philol.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A primitive word; a radix, root, or simple, underived, uncompounded word; an etymon.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A primitive letter; a letter that belongs to the radix.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>The words we at present make use of, and understand only by common agreement, assume a new air and life in the understanding, when you trace them to their <qex>radicals</qex>, where you find every word strongly stamped with nature; full of energy, meaning, character, painting, and poetry.</q> <rj><qau>Cleland.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Politics)</fld> <def>One who advocates radical changes in government or social institutions, especially such changes as are intended to level class inequalities; -- opposed to <xex>conservative</xex>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>In politics they [the Independents] were, to use the phrase of their own time, &ldquo;Root-and-Branch men,&rdquo; or, to use the kindred phrase of our own, <qex>Radicals</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Macaulay.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A characteristic, essential, and fundamental constituent of any compound; hence, sometimes, an atom.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>As a general rule, the metallic atoms are basic <qex>radicals</qex>, while the nonmetallic atoms are acid <qex>radicals</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>J. P. Cooke.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sd>(b)</sd> <def>Specifically, a group of two or more atoms, not completely saturated, which are so linked that their union implies certain properties, and are conveniently regarded as playing the part of a single atom; a residue; -- called also a <altname>compound radical</altname>.  Cf. <er>Residue</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Alg.)</fld> <def>A radical quantity. See under <er>Radical</er>, <pos>a.</pos></def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>An indicated root of a perfect power of the degree indicated is not a <qex>radical</qex> but a rational quantity under a radical form.</q> <rj><qau>Davies &amp; Peck (Math. Dict.)</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A radical vessel. See under <er>Radical</er>, <pos>a.</pos></def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rad"i*cal*ism</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;d"&ibreve_;*k&aitalic_;l*&ibreve_;z'm)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>radicalisme</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of being radical; specifically, the doctrines or principles of radicals in politics or social reform.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q><qex>Radicalism</qex> means root work; the uprooting of all falsehoods and abuses.</q> <rj><qau>F. W. Robertson.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rad`i*cal"i*ty</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;d`&ibreve_;*k&abreve;l"&ibreve_;*t&ybreve_;)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Germinal principle; source; origination.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Sir T. Browne.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Radicalness; relation to a root in essential nature or principle.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rad"i*cal*ly</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;d"&ibreve_;*k&aitalic_;l*l&ybreve_;)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>In a radical manner; at, or from, the origin or root; fundamentally; <as>as, a scheme or system <ex>radically</ex> wrong or defective</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Without derivation; primitively; essentially.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>These great orbs thus <qex>radically</qex> bright.</q> <rj><qau>Prior.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rad"i*cal*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Quality or state of being radical.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rad"i*cant</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;d"&ibreve_;*k&aitalic_;nt)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>radicans</ets>, p. pr.: cf. F. <ets>radicant</ets>. See <er>Radicate</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Taking root on, or above, the ground; rooting from the stem, as the trumpet creeper and the ivy.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rad"i*cate</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;d"&ibreve_;*k&auptack_;t)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>radicatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>radicari</ets> to take root, fr. <ets>radix</ets>. See <er>Radix</er>.]</ety> <def>Radicated.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rad"i*cate</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;d"&ibreve_;*k&amacr;t)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To take root; to become rooted.</def>  <rj><au>Evelyn.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rad"i*cate</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Radicated</conjf> <pr>(r&abreve;d"&ibreve_;*k&amacr;`t&ebreve_;d)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Radicating</conjf>.]</vmorph> <def>To cause to take root; to plant deeply and firmly; to root.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Time should . . . rather confirm and <qex>radicate</qex> in us the remembrance of God's goodness.</q> <rj><qau>Barrow.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rad"i*ca`ted</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;d"&ibreve_;*k&amacr;`t&ebreve_;d)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Rooted</def>; specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having roots, or possessing a well-developed root.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>Having rootlike organs for attachment.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rad`i*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;d"&ibreve_;*k&amacr;"sh&ubreve;n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>radication</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The process of taking root, or state of being rooted; <as>as, the <ex>radication</ex> of habits</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The disposition of the roots of a plant.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rad"i*cel</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;d"&ibreve_;*s&ebreve_;l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Dim. of <ets>radix</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A small branch of a root; a rootlet.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra*dic`i*flo"rous</hw> <pr>(r&adot_;*d&ibreve_;s`&ibreve_;*fl&omacr;"r&ubreve;s)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>radix</ets>, <ets>-icis</ets>, root + <ets>flos</ets>, <ets>floris</ets>, a flower.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Rhizanthous.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra*dic"i*form</hw> <pr>(r&adot_;*d&ibreve_;s"&ibreve_;*f&ocirc;m)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the nature or appearance of a radix or root.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rad"i*cle</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;d"&ibreve_;*k'l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>radicula</ets>, dim. of <ets>radix</ets>, <ets>-icis</ets>, root: cf. F. <ets>radicule</ets>. See <er>Radix</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The rudimentary stem of a plant which supports the cotyledons in the seed, and from which the root is developed downward; the stem of the embryo; the caulicle.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A rootlet; a radicel.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra*dic"u*lar</hw> <pr>(r&adot_;*d&ibreve_;k"&uuptack_;*l&etilde_;r)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining to roots, or the root of a plant.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rad"i*cule</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;d"&ibreve_;*k&umacr;l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A radicle.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra*dic"u*lose`</hw> <pr>(r&adot_;*d&ibreve_;k"&uuptack_;*l&omacr;s`)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Producing numerous radicles, or rootlets.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra"di*i</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"d&ibreve_;*&imacr;)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>, <def><pos>pl.</pos> of <er>Radius</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra"di*o-</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"d&ibreve_;*&ouptack_;-)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to, or employing, or operated by, radiant energy, specifically that of electromagnetic waves with frequencies between those of infrared radiation and X-rays; hence, pertaining to, or employed in, broadcast radio or television, microwaves, radiotelephones, etc.; <as>as, <ex>radio</ex> waves</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source> <source>+PJC</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>of or pertaining to broadcast radio; <as>as, a <ex>radio</ex> program</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>PJC</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra"di*o-</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"d&ibreve_;*&ouptack_;-)</pr>. <def>A combining form indicating <sig>connection with</sig>, or <sig>relation to</sig>, <sig>a radius</sig> or <sig>ray</sig>; <specif>specifically</specif> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <sig>with the radius of the forearm</sig>; <as>as, <ex>radio-</ex>ulnar, <ex>radio-</ex>muscular, <ex>radio-</ex>carpal</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>ra`di*o*ac"tive</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;`d&ibreve_;*&ouptack_;*&abreve;k"t&ibreve_;v)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>  <ety>[<ets>Radio-</ets> + <ets>active</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>Capable of luminescence under the action of cathode rays, X rays, or any of the allied forms of radiation.</def> <mark>[obsolete]</mark><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>of, exhibiting, or caused by <er>radioactivity</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>PJC</source>]</p>

<p><hw>ra`di*o*ac*tiv"i*ty</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;`d&ibreve_;*&ouptack_;*&abreve;k*t&ibreve_;v"&ibreve_;*t&ybreve_;)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>  <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>a form of instability which is a property of the atomic nuclei of certain isotopes, which causes a spontaneous change in the structure of the nucleus, accompanied by emission of energetic radiation.  The radiation emitted is usually sufficient to cause ionization in matter through which it passes, and is therefore called <er>ionizing radiation</er>.  The radiation emitted by most radioactive substances is one of three types: <er>alpha rays</er>, <er>beta rays</er>, or <er>gamma rays</er>.  Some chemical elements have no stable isotopes, and these are referred to as <it>radioactive elements</it>, and the element itself is said to possess <ex>radioactivity</ex>.</def>  <note>The changes in radioactive nuclei which cause radiation in most cases cause the chemical identity of the nucleus itself to change, as when tritium (an isotope of hydrogen) emits a beta ray and converts to helium.  The radioactive decay process is a first-order reaction, and the rate of decay of a particular isotope can therefore be expressed as the <er>half life</er> of the isotope, which is the time it takes for one half of the remaining undecayed isotope to decay, and is a constant independent of the proportion of original material which has already decayed.  The half life of tritium, for example, is 12.3 years.</note><br/>
[<source>PJC</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra`di*o*con*duc"tor</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;`d&ibreve_;*&ouptack_;*k&obreve_;n*d&ubreve;k"t&etilde_;r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Elec.)</fld> <def>A substance or device that has its conductivity altered in some way by electric waves, as a coherer.</def><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><hw>&Verbar;Ra`di*o-flag`el*la"ta</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;`d&ibreve_;*&ouptack_;*fl&abreve;j`&ebreve_;l*l&amacr;"t&adot_;)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[NL. See <er>Radiate</er>, and <er>Flagellata</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>A group of Protozoa having both flagella and pseudopodia.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>ra"di*o*graph</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"d&ibreve_;*&ouptack_;*gr&abreve;f)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>  <ety>[<ets>Radio-</ets> + <ets>-graph</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An instrument for measuring and recording solar radiation.</def><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn>  <def>An image or picture produced upon a sensitive surface, as of a photographic or fluorescent plate, by some form of penetrating radiation other than light, as X-rays, beta rays, etc.; esp., a picture of the internal structure of opaque objects traversed by the rays; a skiagraph.  When the picture is produced upon photographic film by X-rays, the picture is usually called an <altname>X-ray photo</altname> or <altname>X-ray</altname>.  When an image is produced on photographic film by a radioactive substance in close proximity to the film, in a manner so as to record the spatial distribution of the radioactive substance, the resulting image is called an <stype>autoradiograph</stype> or <stype><er>autoradiogram</er></stype>.</def><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source> <source>+PJC</source>]</p>

<p><hw>ra"di*o*graph</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"d&ibreve_;*&ouptack_;*gr&abreve;f)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To make a radiograph of.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>ra`di*og"ra*pher</wf> <pr>(r&amacr;`d&ibreve_;*&obreve_;g"r&adot_;*f&etilde_;r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><hw>ra`di*og"ra*phy</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;`d&ibreve_;*&obreve_;g"r&adot_;*f&ybreve_;)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Art or process of making radiographs, radiograms, or autoradiograms.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>ra`di*o*graph"ic</wf> <pr>(r&amacr;`d&ibreve_;*&ouptack_;*gr&abreve;f"&ibreve_;k)</pr>, <wf>ra`di*o*graph"ic*al</wf> <pr>(r&amacr;`d&ibreve_;*&ouptack_;*gr&abreve;f"&ibreve_;*k&aitalic_;l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> -- <wf>Ra`di*o*graph"ic*al*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><!-- p. 1184 pr=vmg --></p>

<p><hw>&Verbar;Ra`di*o*la"ri*a</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;`d&ibreve_;*&ouptack_;*l&amacr;"r&ibreve_;*&adot_;)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[NL. See <er>Radioli</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>Order of rhizopods, usually having a siliceous skeleton, or shell, and sometimes radiating spicules. The pseudopodia project from the body like rays. It includes the polycystines. See <er>Polycystina</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra`di*o*la"ri*an</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;`d&ibreve_;*&ouptack_;*l&amacr;"r&ibreve_;*&aitalic_;n)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Radiolaria.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>One of the Radiolaria.</def></def2><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>&Verbar;Ra*di"o*li</hw> <pr>(r&adot_;*d&imacr;"&ouptack_;*l&imacr;)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>; <sing>sing. <singw>Radiolus</singw> <pr>(r&adot_;*d&imacr;"&ouptack_;*l&ubreve;s)</pr></sing>. <ety>[NL., dim. of L. <ets>radius</ets> radius: cf. L. <ets>radiolus</ets> a feeble sunbeam.]</ety> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>The barbs of the radii of a feather; barbules.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra"di*o*lite</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"d&ibreve_;*&ouptack_;*l&imacr;t)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>radius</ets> ray + <ets>-lite</ets>: cf. F. <ets>radiolithe</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A hippurite.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra`di*om"e*ter</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;`d&ibreve_;*&obreve_;m"&euptack_;*t&etilde_;r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>radius</ets> radius + <ets>-meter</ets>: cf. F. <ets>radiom&egrave;tre</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A forestaff.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>An instrument designed for measuring the mechanical effect of radiant energy.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><note>&hand_; It consists of a number of light disks, blackened on one side, placed at the ends of extended arms, supported on a pivot in an exhausted glass vessel. When exposed to rays of light or heat, the arms rotate.</note><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra`di*om"e*try</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;`d&ibreve_;*&obreve_;m"&euptack_;*tr&ybreve_;)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>The use of the radiometer, or the measurement of radiation.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Ra`di*o*met"ric</wf> <pr>(r&amacr;`d&ibreve_;*&ouptack_;*m&ebreve_;t"r&ibreve_;k)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos></wordforms><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra`di*o*mi*crom"e*ter</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;`d&ibreve_;*&ouptack_;*m&iuptack_;*kr&obreve_;m"&euptack_;*t&etilde_;r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[<ets>Radio-</ets> + <ets>micrometer</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>A very sensitive modification or application of the thermopile, used for indicating minute changes of radiant heat, or temperature.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra"di*o*phare</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"d&ibreve_;*&ouptack_;*f&acirc;r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>  <ety>[<ets>Radio-</ets> + <ets>phare</ets>.]</ety> <def>A radiotelegraphic station serving solely for determining the position of ships. The radius of operation of such stations was restricted by the International Radiotelegraphic Convention (1912) to 30 nautical miles.</def><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra"di*o*phone</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"d&ibreve_;*&ouptack_;*f&omacr;n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[<ets>Radio-</ets> + Gr. <grk>fwnh`</grk> sound.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>An apparatus for the production of sound by the action of luminous or thermal rays. It is essentially the same as the photophone.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>a telephone using radio waves, rather than wires, to convey the voice signal.</def><br/>
[<source>PJC</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra`di*oph"o*ny</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;`d&ibreve_;*&ouptack_;*&obreve_;f"&ouptack_;*n&ybreve_;)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>The art or practice of using the radiophone.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra`di*op"ti*con</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;`d&ibreve_;*&obreve_;p"t&ibreve_;*k&obreve_;n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>  <ety>[<ets>Radio-</ets> + stere<ets>opticon</ets>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Projector</er>, above.</def><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra`di*os"co*py</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;`d&ibreve_;*&obreve_;s"k&ouptack_;*p&ybreve_;)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>  <ety>[<ets>Radio-</ets> + <ets>-scopy</ets>.]</ety> <def>Direct observation of objects opaque to light by means of some other form of radiant energy, as x-rays.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Ra`di*o*scop"ic</wf> <pr>(r&amacr;`d&ibreve_;*&obreve_;*sk&obreve_;p"&ibreve_;k)</pr>, <wf>Ra`di*o*scop"ic*al</wf> <pr>(r&amacr;`d&ibreve_;*&obreve_;*sk&obreve_;p"&ibreve_;*k&aitalic_;l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos></wordforms><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra`di*o*tel"e*gram</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;`d&ibreve_;*&obreve_;*t&ebreve_;l"&euptack_;*gr&abreve;m)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A message transmitted by radiotelegraph.</def><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra`di*o*tel"e*graph</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;`d&ibreve_;*&obreve_;*t&ebreve_;l"&euptack_;*gr&abreve;f)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>  <ety>[<ets>Radio-</ets> + <ets>telegraph</ets>.]</ety> <def>A wireless telegraph.</def><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra`di*o*tel`e*graph"ic</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;`d&ibreve_;*&obreve_;*t&ebreve_;l`&euptack_;*gr&abreve;f"&ibreve_;k)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining to radiotelegraphy; employing, or used or employed in, radiotelegraphy.</def><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra`di*o*te*leg"ra*phy</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;`d&ibreve_;*&obreve_;*t&ebreve_;*l&ebreve_;g"r&adot_;*f&ybreve_;)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>  <ety>[<ets>Radio-</ets> + <ets>telegraphy</ets>.]</ety> <def>Telegraphy using the radiant energy of radio waves; wireless telegraphy; -- the term adopted for use by the Radiotelegraphic Convention of 1912.</def><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra`di*o*tel"e*phone</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;`d&ibreve_;*&obreve_;*t&ebreve_;l"&euptack_;*f&omacr;n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A wireless telephone, in which the signal is conveyed by radio waves.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Ra`di*o*te*leph"o*ny</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra`di*o*ther"a*py</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;`d&ibreve_;*&obreve_;*th&ebreve_;r"&adot_;*p&ybreve_;)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>  <ety>[<ets>Radio-</ets> + <ets>therapy</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Treatment of disease by means of x-rays or radioactivity.  Radiotherapy of cancer is based on the fact that cancer cells are more sensitive to radiation than most other cells in the body.</def><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source> <source>+PJC</source>]</p>

<p><hw>ra`di*o*tho"ri*um</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;`d&ibreve_;*&obreve_;*th&ocirc;r"&emacr;*&ubreve;m)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>an earlier name for the thorium isotope <altname>thorium-228</altname>, given by its discoverer <person>Otto Hahn</person>.  It is a radioactive substance formed as one of series of products in the chain of radioactive decay of thorium.  Its immediate predecessor in the chain is Actinium-228, and it decays by alpha emission to radium-224 with a half-life of 1.91 years.  The name <ex>radiothorium</ex> was given prior to the full understanding of the nature of isotopes of elements.</def><br/>
[<source>PJC</source>]</p>

<p><hw>ra"di*ous</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"d&ibreve_;*&ubreve;s)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>radiosus</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Consisting of rays, as light.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>  <rj><au>Berkeley.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Radiating; radiant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>G. Fletcher.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rad"ish</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;d"&ibreve_;sh)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>radis</ets>; cf. It. <ets>radice</ets>, Pr. <ets>raditz</ets>: all fr. L. <ets>radix</ets>, <ets>-icis</ets>, a root, an edible root, especially a radish, akin to E. <ets>wort</ets>. See <er>Wort</er>, and cf. <er>Eradicate</er>, <er>Race</er> a root, <er>Radix</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The pungent fleshy root of a well-known cruciferous plant (<spn>Raphanus sativus</spn>); also, the whole plant.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Radish fly</b></col> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld>, <cd>a small two-winged fly (<spn>Anthomyia raphani</spn>) whose larv&aelig; burrow in radishes. It resembles the onion fly.</cd> -- <col><b>Rat-tailed radish</b></col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an herb (<spn>Raphanus caudatus</spn>) having a long, slender pod, which is sometimes eaten.</cd> -- <col><b>Wild radish</b></col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the jointed charlock.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra`di*um</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"d&ibreve_;*&ubreve;m)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>radius</ets> ray.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An intensely radioactive metallic element found (combined) in minute quantities in pitchblende, and various other uranium minerals. Symbol, <it>Ra</it>; atomic weight, 226.4.  Radium was discovered by M. and <person>Mme. Curie</person>, of Paris, who in 1902 separated compounds of it by a tedious process from pitchblende.  Its compounds color flames carmine and give a characteristic spectrum.  It is divalent, resembling barium chemically.  The main isotope of radium found in pitchblende, radium-226, has a half-life of 1620 years, decaying first by alpha emission to <er>radon</er>.</def> <note>Radium preparations are remarkable for maintaining themselves at a higher temperature than their surroundings, and for their radiations, which are of three kinds: <emits>alpha rays</emits>, <emits>beta rays</emits>, and <emits>gamma rays</emits> (see these terms). The beta and gamma rays seen in radium preparations are in fact due to disintegration of decay products of radium rather than the radium itself.  By reason of these rays they ionize gases, affect photographic plates, cause sores on the skin, and produce many other striking effects. Their degree of activity depends on the proportion of radium present, but not on its state of chemical combination or on external conditions.  The radioactivity of radium is therefore an atomic property, and is due to an inherent instability of the atomic nucleus which causes its decay in a process whose rate is first order. The disintegration of the radium nucleus is only the first in a series of nuclear disintegrations leading to production of a series of elements and isotopes.  The chain has at least seven stages; the successive main products have been studied and are <er>radon</er>, a gaseous radioactive element belonging chemically to the inert noble gas series (originally called  <ecol><b>radium emanation</b></ecol> or <ecol><b>exradio</b></ecol>, <ecol><b>radium A</b></ecol>, <ecol><b>radium B</b></ecol>, <ecol><b>radium C</b></ecol>, etc.  The successive products are unstable isotopes of several different elements, each with an atomic weight a little lower than its predecessor. Lead is the stable end product. At the same time, the light gas helium is formed, being generated when the expelled alpha particles (positively charged helium nuclei) acquire electrons.  Radium, in turn, is formed in the pitchblende ore by a slow disintegration of uranium.  Natural radium and also an isotope (radium-228, also called mesothorium I) formed by the decay of thorium, were at one time used to make a luminous paint for watch dials, until the danger of the radioactivity became fully appreciated, and use of such material in watches was discontinued.  See also <er>mesothorium</er>.</note><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source> <source>+PJC</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra"di*us</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"d&ibreve_;*&ubreve;s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu><it>pl.</it> L. <plw>Radii</plw> <pr>(r&amacr;"d&ibreve_;*&imacr;)</pr>; E. <plw>Radiuses</plw> <pr>(r&amacr;"d&ibreve_;*&ubreve;s*&ebreve_;z)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L., a staff, rod, spoke of a wheel, radius, ray. See <er>Ray</er> a divergent line.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A right line drawn or extending from the center of a circle to the periphery; the semidiameter of a circle or sphere.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The preaxial bone of the forearm, or brachium, corresponding to the tibia of the hind limb. See <xex>Illust.</xex> of <er>Artiodactyla</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><note>&hand_; The radius is on the same side of the limb as the thumb, or pollex, and in man it is so articulated that its lower end is capable of partial rotation about the ulna.</note><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A ray, or outer floret, of the capitulum of such plants as the sunflower and the daisy. See <er>Ray</er>, 2.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>4.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The barbs of a perfect feather.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Radiating organs, or color-markings, of the radiates.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>5.</sn> <def>The movable limb of a sextant or other angular instrument.</def>  <rj><au>Knight.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Radius bar</b></col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>a bar pivoted at one end, about which it swings, and having its other end attached to a piece which it causes to move in a circular arc.</cd> -- <col><b>Radius of curvature</b></col>. <cd>See under <er>Curvature</er>.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>&Verbar;Ra"di*us vec"tor</hw> <pr>(v&ebreve_;k"t&obreve_;r)</pr>. <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>A straight line (or the length of such line) connecting any point, as of a curve, with a fixed point, or pole, round which the straight line turns, and to which it serves to refer the successive points of a curve, in a system of polar co&ouml;rdinates. See <er>Co&ouml;rdinate</er>, <pos>n.</pos></def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>An ideal straight line joining the center of an attracting body with that of a body describing an orbit around it, as a line joining the sun and a planet or comet, or a planet and its satellite.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra"dix</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"d&ibreve_;ks)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu><it>pl.</it> L. <plw>Radices</plw> <pr>(r&abreve;d"&ibreve_;*s&emacr;z)</pr>, E. <plw>Radixes</plw> <pr>(r&amacr;"d&ibreve_;ks*&ebreve_;z)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L. <ets>radix</ets>, <ets>-icis</ets>, root. See <er>Radish</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Philol.)</fld> <def>A primitive word, from which spring other words; a radical; a root; an etymon.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A number or quantity which is arbitrarily made the fundamental number of any system; a base. <as>Thus, 10 is the <ex>radix</ex>, or base, of the common system of logarithms, and also of the decimal system of numeration</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Alg.)</fld> <def>A finite expression, from which a series is derived.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>  <rj><au>Hutton.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The root of a plant.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra"don</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"d&obreve_;n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An intensely radioactive gaseous element produced by the radioactive decay of radium-226, which is the main isotope of radium found in pitchblende.  Chemically it is an inert noble gas.  Its atomic symbol is <it>Rn</it>. It has an atomic number of 86.  The radon isotope produced by decay of radium has an atomic weight of 222.017, and this isotope decays by alpha emission with a half-life of 3.82 days.  Numerous other isotopes have been observed, all radioactive and all having half-lives shorter than that of radon-222.  Radon was discovered by M. and Mme. Curie, of Paris, in their studies of the radioactive substances in pitchblende.  Radon was originally called  <altname>radium emanation</altname> or <altname>exradio</altname>.</def><br/>
[<source>PJC</source>]</p>

<p><hw>&Verbar;Rad"u*la</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;d"&uuptack_;*l&adot_;)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu><it>pl.</it> <plw>Radul&aelig;</plw> <pr>(r&abreve;d"&uuptack_;*l&emacr;)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L., a scraper, fr. <ets>radere</ets> to scrape.]</ety> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>The chitinous ribbon bearing the teeth of mollusks; -- called also <altname>lingual ribbon</altname>, and <altname>tongue</altname>. See <er>Odontophore</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra*du"li*form</hw> <pr>(r&adot_;*d&umacr;"l&ibreve_;*f&ocirc;rm)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>radula</ets> a scraper + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Rasplike; <as>as, <ex>raduliform</ex> teeth</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Raff</hw> <pr>(r&adot_;f)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Raffed</conjf> <pr>(r&adot_;ft)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Raffing</conjf>.]</vmorph> <ety>[OF. <ets>raffer</ets>, of German origin; cf. G. <ets>raffen</ets>; akin to E. <ets>rap</ets> to snatch. See <er>Rap</er>, and cf. <er>Riffraff</er>, <er>Rip</er> to tear.]</ety> <def>To sweep, snatch, draw, or huddle together; to take by a promiscuous sweep.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Causes and effects which I thus <qex>raff</qex> up together.</q> <rj><qau>Carew.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Raff</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A promiscuous heap; a jumble; a large quantity; lumber; refuse.</def> &ldquo;A <xex>raff</xex> of errors.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Barrow.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>The sweepings of society; the rabble; the mob; -- chiefly used in the compound or duplicate, <xex>riffraff</xex>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>A low fellow; a churl.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Raff merchant</b></col>, <cd>a dealer in lumber and odd refuse.</cd> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Raf`fa*el*esque"</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;f`f&adot_;*&ebreve_;l*&ebreve_;sk")</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Raphaelesque.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Raf"fi*a</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;f"f&ibreve_;*&adot_;)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A fibrous material used for tying plants, said to come from the leaves of a palm tree of the genus <gen>Raphia</gen>.</def>  <rj><au>J. Smith (Dict. Econ. Plants).</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Raf"fi*a palm</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;f"f&ibreve_;*&adot_; p&auml;m`)</pr>. <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A pinnate-leaved palm (<spn>Raphia ruffia</spn>) native of Madagascar, and of considerable economic importance on account of the strong fiber (raffia) obtained from its leafstalks.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The jupati palm.</def><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Raf"fi*nose`</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;f"f&ibreve_;*n&omacr;s`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>raffiner</ets> to refine.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A colorless crystalline slightly sweet substance obtained from the molasses of the sugar beet.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Raff"ish</hw> <pr>(r&adot_;f"&ibreve_;sh)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Resembling, or having the character of, raff, or a raff; worthless; low.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>A sad, <qex>raffish</qex>, disreputable character.</q> <rj><qau>Thackeray.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Raf"fle</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;f"f'l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>rafle</ets>; <ets>faire rafle</ets> to sweep stakes, fr. <ets>rafler</ets> to carry or sweep away, <ets>rafler tout</ets> to sweep stakes; of German origin; cf. G. <ets>raffeln</ets> to snatch up, to rake. See <er>Raff</er>, <pos>v.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A kind of lottery, in which several persons pay, in shares, the value of something put up as a stake, and then determine by chance (as by casting dice) which one of them shall become the sole possessor.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>A game of dice in which he who threw three alike won all the stakes.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Cotgrave.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Raf"fle</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;f"f'l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Raff</er>, <pos>n. &amp; v.</pos>, and <er>Raffle</er>.]</ety> <def>Refuse; rubbish; raff.</def><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Raf"fle</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Raffled</conjf> <pr>(r&abreve;f"f'ld)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Raffling</conjf> <pr>(r&abreve;f"fl&ibreve_;ng)</pr>.]</vmorph> <def>To engage in a raffle; <as>as, to <ex>raffle</ex> for a watch</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Raf"fle</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To dispose of by means of a raffle; -- often followed by <xex>off</xex>; <as>as, to <ex>raffle</ex> off a horse</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Raf"fler</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;f"fl&etilde_;r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who raffles.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>&Verbar;Raf*fle"si*a</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;f*fl&emacr;"zh&ibreve_;*&adot_;)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL. Named from its discoverer, <person>Sir S. <etsep>Raffles</etsep></person>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of stemless, leafless plants, living parasitically upon the roots and stems of grapevines in Malaysia. The flowers have a carrionlike odor, and are very large, in one species (<spn>Rafflesia Arnoldi</spn>) having a diameter of two or three feet.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Raft</hw> <pr>(r&adot_;ft)</pr>, <mark>obs.</mark> <def><pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> of <er>Reave</er>.</def>  <rj><au>Spenser.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Raft</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Originally, a rafter, spar, and fr. Icel. <ets>raptr</ets> a rafter; akin to Dan. <ets>raft</ets>, Prov. G. <ets>raff</ets> a rafter, spar; cf. OHG. <ets>r&amacr;fo</ets>, <ets>r&amacr;vo</ets>, a beam, rafter, Icel. <ets>r&amacr;f</ets> roof.  Cf. <er>Rafter</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A collection of logs, boards, pieces of timber, or the like, fastened together, either for their own collective conveyance on the water, or to serve as a support in conveying other things; a float.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>A collection of logs, fallen trees, etc. (such as is formed in some Western rivers of the United States), which obstructs navigation.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <ety>[Perhaps akin to <ets>raff</ets> a heap.]</ety> <def>A large collection of people or things taken indiscriminately.</def> <mark>[Slang, U. S.]</mark> &ldquo;A whole <xex>raft</xex> of folks.&rdquo;  <rj><au>W. D. Howells.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Raft bridge</b></col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A bridge whose points of support are rafts</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A bridge that consists of floating timbers fastened together.</cd> -- <col><b>Raft duck</b></col>. <ety>[The name alludes to its swimming in dense flocks.]</ety> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The bluebill, or greater scaup duck; -- called also <altname>flock duck</altname>. See <er>Scaup</er>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The redhead.</cd> -- <col><b>Raft port</b></col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a large, square port in a vessel's side for loading or unloading timber or other bulky articles; a timber or lumber port.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Raft</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Rafted</conjf>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Rafting</conjf>.]</vmorph> <def>To transport on a raft, or in the form of a raft; to make into a raft; <as>as, to <ex>raft</ex> timber</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Raf"te</hw> <pr>(r&adot_;f"t&eitalic_;)</pr>, <mark>obs.</mark> <def><pos>imp.</pos> of <er>Reave</er>.</def>  <rj><au>Chaucer.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Raft"er</hw> <pr>(r&adot_;ft"&etilde_;r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A raftsman.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Raft"er</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>r&aelig;fter</ets>; akin to E. <ets>raft</ets>, n. See <er>Raft</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Originally, any rough and somewhat heavy piece of timber. Now, commonly, one of the timbers of a roof which are put on sloping, according to the inclination of the roof. See <xex>Illust.</xex> of <er>Queen-post</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>[Courtesy] oft is sooner found in lowly sheds,<br/>
With smoky <qex>rafters</qex>, than in tapestry halls.</q> <rj><qau>Milton.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Raft"er</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make into rafters, as timber.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To furnish with rafters, as a house.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Agric.)</fld> <def>To plow so as to turn the grass side of each furrow upon an unplowed ridge; to ridge.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Raft"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The business of making or managing rafts.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rafts"man</hw> <pr>(r&adot_;fts"m&aitalic_;n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu><it>pl.</it> <plw>Raftsmen</plw> <pr>(r&adot_;fts"m&eitalic_;n)</pr>.</plu> <def>A man engaged in rafting.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Raf"ty</hw> <pr>(r&adot_;f"t&ybreve_;)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Perhaps akin to G. <ets>reif</ets> hoarfrost.]</ety> <def>Damp; musty.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rag</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;g)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Icel. <ets>r&aelig;gja</ets> to calumniate, OHG. <ets>ruogen</ets> to accuse, G. <ets>r&uuml;gen</ets> to censure, AS. <ets>wr&emacr;gan</ets>, Goth. <ets>wr&omacr;hjan</ets> to accuse.]</ety> <def>To scold or rail at; to rate; to tease; to torment; to banter.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>  <rj><au>Pegge.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rag</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>ragge</ets>, probably of Scand, origin; cf. Icel. <ets>r&ouml;gg</ets> a tuft, shagginess, Sw. <ets>ragg</ets> rough hair.  Cf. <er>Rug</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A piece of cloth torn off; a tattered piece of cloth; a shred; a tatter; a fragment.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Cowls, hoods, and habits, with their wearers, tossed,<br/>
And fluttered into <qex>rags</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Milton.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Not having otherwise any <qex>rag</qex> of legality to cover the shame of their cruelty.</q> <rj><qau>Fuller.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Hence, mean or tattered attire; worn-out dress.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>And virtue, though in <qex>rags</qex>, will keep me warm.</q> <rj><qau>Dryden.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>A shabby, beggarly fellow; a ragamuffin.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>The other zealous <qex>rag</qex> is the compositor.</q> <rj><qau>B. Jonson.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Upon the proclamation, they all came in, both tag and <qex>rag</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Spenser.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A coarse kind of rock, somewhat cellular in texture.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Metal Working)</fld> <def>A ragged edge.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>6.</sn> <def>A sail, or any piece of canvas.</def> <mark>[Nautical Slang]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Our ship was a clipper with every <qex>rag</qex> set.</q> <rj><qau>Lowell.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Rag bolt</b></col>, <cd>an iron pin with barbs on its shank to retain it in place.</cd> -- <col><b>Rag carpet</b></col>, <cd>a carpet of which the weft consists of narrow strips of cloth sewed together, end to end.</cd> -- <col><b>Rag dust</b></col>, <cd>fine particles of ground-up rags, used in making papier-mach&eacute; and wall papers.</cd> -- <col><b>Rag wheel</b></col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A chain wheel; a sprocket wheel</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A polishing wheel made of disks of cloth clamped together on a mandrel.</cd> -- <col><b>Rag wool</b></col>, <cd>wool obtained by tearing woolen rags into fine bits, shoddy.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rag</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;g)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Ragged</conjf> <pr>(r&abreve;gd)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Ragging</conjf> <pr>(r&abreve;g"g&ibreve_;ng)</pr>.]</vmorph> <def>To become tattered.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rag</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To break (ore) into lumps for sorting.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To cut or dress roughly, as a grindstone.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rag</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Music)</fld> <def>To play or compose (a piece, melody, etc.) in syncopated time.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn>  <def>To dance to ragtime music, esp. in some manner considered indecorous.</def> <mark>[Colloq. or Slang]</mark><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><mhw>{ <hw>Rag"a*bash`</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;g"&adot_;*b&abreve;sh`)</pr>, <hw>Rag"a*brash`</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;g"&adot_;*br&abreve;sh`)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <def>An idle, ragged person.</def>  <rj><au>Nares.</au>  <au>Grose.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rag`a*muf"fin</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;g`&adot_;*m&ubreve;f"f&ibreve_;n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. <ets>Ragamofin</ets>, the name of a demon in some of the old mysteries.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A paltry or disreputable fellow; a mean wretch.</def>  <rj><au>Dryden.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>A person who wears ragged clothing.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>The long-tailed titmouse.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rage</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;j)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>rabies</ets>, fr. <ets>rabere</ets> to rave; cf. Skr. <ets>rabh</ets> to seize, <ets>rabhas</ets> violence.  Cf. <er>Rabid</er>, <er>Rabies</er>, <er>Rave</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Violent excitement; eager passion; extreme vehemence of desire, emotion, or suffering, mastering the will.</def> &ldquo;In great <xex>rage</xex> of pain.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Bacon.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>He appeased the <qex>rage</qex> of hunger with some scraps of broken meat.</q> <rj><qau>Macaulay.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Convulsed with a <qex>rage</qex> of grief.</q> <rj><qau>Hawthorne.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Especially, anger accompanied with raving; overmastering wrath; violent anger; fury.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>torment, and loud lament, and furious <qex>rage</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Milton.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>A violent or raging wind.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Chaucer.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>4.</sn> <def>The subject of eager desire; that which is sought after, or prosecuted, with unreasonable or excessive passion; <as>as, to be all the <ex>rage</ex></as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><syn><b>Syn.</b> -- Anger; vehemence; excitement; passion; fury. See <er>Anger</er>.</syn><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rage</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Raged</conjf> <pr>(r&amacr;jd)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Raging</conjf> <pr>(r&amacr;"j&ibreve_;ng)</pr>.]</vmorph> <ety>[OF. <ets>ragier</ets>. See <er>Rage</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To be furious with anger; to be exasperated to fury; to be violently agitated with passion.</def> &ldquo;Whereat he inly <xex>raged</xex>.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Milton.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>When one so great begins to <qex>rage</qex>, he is hunted<br/>
Even to falling.</q> <rj><qau>Shak.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q><qex>Rage</qex>, <qex>rage</qex> against the dying of the light<br/>
Do not go gentle into that good night.</q> <rj><qau>Dylan Thomas.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>PJC</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To be violent and tumultuous; to be violently driven or agitated; to act or move furiously; <as>as, the <ex>raging</ex> sea or winds</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Why do the heathen <qex>rage</qex>?</q> <rj><qau>Ps. ii. 1.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>The madding wheels<br/>
Of brazen chariots <qex>raged</qex>; dire was the noise.</q> <rj><qau>Milton.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>To ravage; to prevail without restraint, or with destruction or fatal effect; <as>as, the plague <ex>raged</ex> in Cairo</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>4.</sn> <def>To toy or act wantonly; to sport.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Chaucer.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><syn><b>Syn.</b> -- To storm; fret; chafe; fume.</syn><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rage</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To enrage.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Shak.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rage"ful</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;j"f&usdot_;l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Full of rage; expressing rage.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> &ldquo;<xex>Rageful</xex> eyes.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Sir P. Sidney.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra"ger*y</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"j&etilde_;r*&ybreve_;)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Wantonness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Chaucer.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Rag"ged</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;g"g&ebreve_;d)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From <er>Rag</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Rent or worn into tatters, or till the texture is broken; <as>as, a <ex>ragged</ex> coat; a <ex>ragged</ex> sail.</as></def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Broken with rough edges; having jags; uneven; rough; jagged; <as>as, <ex>ragged</ex> rocks</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>Hence, harsh and disagreeable to the ear; dissonant.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> &ldquo;A <xex>ragged</xex> noise of mirth.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Herbert.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>4.</sn> <def>Wearing tattered clothes; <as>as, a <ex>ragged</ex> fellow</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>5.</sn> <def>Rough; shaggy; rugged.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>What shepherd owns those <qex>ragged</qex> sheep?</q> <rj><qau>Dryden.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Ragged lady</b></col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the fennel flower (<spn>Nigella Damascena</spn>).</cd> -- <col><b>Ragged robin</b></col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a plant of the genus <gen>Lychnis</gen> (<spn>Lychnis Flos-cuculi</spn>), cultivated for its handsome flowers, which have the petals cut into narrow lobes.</cd> -- <col><b>Ragged sailor</b></col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>prince's feather (<spn>Polygonum orientale</spn>).</cd> -- <col><b>Ragged school</b></col>, <cd>a free school for poor children, where they are taught and in part fed; -- a name given at first because they came in their common clothing.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p>-- <wordforms><wf>Rag"ged*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> -- <wf>Rag"ged*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><mhw>{ <hw>Rag"gie</hw> <pr>(r&abreve;g"g&ibreve_;)</pr>, <it>or</it> <hw>Rag"gy</hw>  }</mhw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Ragged; rough.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> &ldquo;A stony and <xex>raggie</xex> hill.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Holland.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>&Verbar;Ragh`u*van"sa</hw> <pr>(r&ubreve;g`&usdot_;*v&ubreve;n"s&adot_;)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Skr. <ets>Raguva&msdot_;&ccedil;a</ets>.]</ety> <def>A celebrated Sanskrit poem having for its subject the Raghu dynasty.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra"ging</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"j&ibreve_;ng)</pr>, <def><pos>a. &amp; n.</pos> from <er>Rage</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos></def> -- <wordforms><wf>Ra"ging*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Ra"gious</hw> <pr>(r&amacr;"j&ubreve;s)</