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<p><!-- Begin file 22 of 26:  Letter V (Version 0.46) 
        
           This file is part 22 of the GNU version of
     The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
               Also referred to as GCIDE
  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 

GCIDE is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
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GCIDE is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
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MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
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You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
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to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
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           * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 

           This dictionary was derived from the
         Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary
                 Version published 1913
               by the  C. &amp; G. Merriam Co.
                   Springfield, Mass.
                 Under the direction of
                Noah Porter, D.D., LL.D.

                        and from
           WordNet, a semantic network created by
              the Cognitive Science Department
                 of Princeton University
                  under the direction of
                   Prof. George Miller

             and is being updated and supplemented by
         an open coalition of volunteer collaborators from
                       around the world.

     This electronic dictionary is the starting point for an 
ongoing project to develop a modern on-line comprehensive encyclopedic
dictionary, by the efforts of all individuals willing to help build a
large and freely available knowledge base.  Contributions of data,
time, and effort are requested from any person willing to assist creation
of a comprehensive and organized knowledge base for free access on the
internet.  Anyone willing to assist in any way in constructing such a
knowledge base should contact:

     Patrick Cassidy          pc@worldsoul.org
     735 Belvidere Ave.       Office: (908)668-5252
     Plainfield, NJ 07062
     (908) 561-3416

    Last edit January 17, 2002.

--></p>

<p><centered><point26>V.</point26></centered><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>V</hw> <pr>(v&emacr;)</pr>. <sn>1.</sn> <def>V, the twenty-second letter of the English alphabet, is a vocal consonant. V and U are only varieties of the same character, U being the cursive form, while V is better adapted for engraving, as in stone. The two letters were formerly used indiscriminately, and till a comparatively recent date words containing them were often classed together in dictionaries and other books of reference (see <er>U</er>). The letter V is from the Latin alphabet, where it was used both as a consonant (about like English <it>w</it>) and as a vowel. The Latin derives it from a form (V) of the Greek vowel &Upsilon; (see <er>Y</er>), this Greek letter being either from the same Semitic letter as the digamma <universbold>F</universbold> (see <er>F</er>), or else added by the Greeks to the alphabet which they took from the Semitic. Etymologically <xex>v</xex> is most nearly related to <xex>u</xex>, <xex>w</xex>, <xex>f</xex>, <xex>b</xex>, <xex>p</xex>; as in <xex>v</xex>ine, <xex>w</xex>ine; a<xex>v</xex>oirdupois, ha<xex>b</xex>it, ha<xex>v</xex>e; sa<xex>f</xex>e, sa<xex>v</xex>e; tro<xex>v</xex>er, trou<xex>b</xex>adour, tro<xex>p</xex>e. See U, F, etc.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p>See <xex>Guide to Pronunciation</xex>, &sect; 265; also &sect;&sect; 155, 169, 178-179, etc.<br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>As a numeral, V stands for five, in English and Latin.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Vaag"mer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Icel. <ets>v&amacr;gmeri</ets> a kind of flounder, literally, wave mare.]</ety> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>The dealfish.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>vaagm&aelig;r</asp>, and <asp>vaagmar</asp>.]</altsp><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Va"can*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu><it>pl.</it> <plw>Vacancies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>vacance</ets>.]</ety><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>1.</sn> <def>The quality or state of being vacant; emptiness; hence, freedom from employment; intermission; leisure; idleness; listlessness.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>All dispositions to idleness or <qex>vacancy</qex>, even before they are habits, are dangerous.</q> <rj><qau>Sir H. Wotton.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is vacant.</def> Specifically: --<br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sd>(a)</sd> <def>Empty space; vacuity; vacuum.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>How is't with you,<br/>
That you do bend your eye on <qex>vacancy</qex>?</q> <rj><qau>Shak.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sd>(b)</sd> <def>An open or unoccupied space between bodies or things; an interruption of continuity; chasm; gap; <as>as, a <ex>vacancy</ex> between buildings; a <ex>vacancy</ex> between sentences or thoughts</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sd>(c)</sd> <def>Unemployed time; interval of leisure; time of intermission; vacation.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Time lost partly in too oft idle <qex>vacancies</qex> given both to schools and universities.</q> <rj><qau>Milton.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>No interim, not a minute's <qex>vacancy</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Shak.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Those little <qex>vacancies</qex> from toil are sweet.</q> <rj><qau>Dryden.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sd>(d)</sd> <def>A place or post unfilled; an unoccupied office; <as>as, a <ex>vacancy</ex> in the senate, in a school, etc.</as></def>
<!-- an unrented apartment, room in a hotel, motel, etc. --><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Va"cant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>vacans</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>vacare</ets> to be empty, to be free or unoccupied, to have leisure, also <ets>vocare</ets>; akin to <ets>vacuus</ets> empty, and probably to E. <ets>void</ets>.  Cf. <er>Evacuate</er>, <er>Void</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>1.</sn> <def>Deprived of contents; not filled; empty; <as>as, a <ex>vacant</ex> room</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Stuffs out his <qex>vacant</qex> garments with his form.</q> <rj><qau>Shak.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Being of those virtues <qex>vacant</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Shak.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>There is no fireside, howsoe'er defended,<br/>
But has one <qex>vacant</qex> chair.</q> <rj><qau>Longfellow.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Unengaged with business or care; unemployed; unoccupied; disengaged; free; <as>as, <ex>vacant</ex> hours</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Religion is the interest of all; but philosophy of those . . . at leisure, and <qex>vacant</qex> from the affairs of the world.</q> <rj><qau>Dr. H. More.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>There was not a minute of the day which he left <qex>vacant</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Bp. Fell.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>Not filled or occupied by an incumbent, possessor, or officer; unoccupied; <as>as, a <ex>vacant</ex> throne; a <ex>vacant</ex> house; a <ex>vacant</ex> apartment; a <ex>vacant</ex> parish</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source> <source>+PJC</source>]</p>

<p><q>Special dignities which <qex>vacant</qex> lie<br/>
For thy best use and wearing.</q> <rj><qau>Shak.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>4.</sn> <def>Empty of thought; thoughtless; not occupied with study or reflection; <as>as, a <ex>vacant</ex> mind</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>The duke had a pleasant and <qex>vacant</qex> face.</q> <rj><qau>Sir H. Wotton.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>When on my couch I lie<br/>
In <qex>vacant</qex> or in pensive mood.</q> <rj><qau>Wordsworth.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Abandoned; having no heir, possessor, claimant, or occupier; <as>as, a <ex>vacant</ex> estate</as>.</def>  <rj><au>Bouvier.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Vacant succession</b></col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>one that is claimed by no person, or where all the heirs are unknown, or where all the known heirs to it have renounced it.</cd>  <rj><au>Burrill.</au></rj>
</cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><syn><b>Syn.</b> -- Empty; void; devoid; free; unemployed; disengaged; unincumbered; uncrowded; idle.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Vacant</er>, <er>Empty</er>. A thing is <xex>empty</xex> when there is nothing in it; <as>as, an <ex>empty</ex> room, or an <ex>empty</ex> noddle</as>. <xex>Vacant</xex> adds the idea of having been previously filled, or intended to be filled or occupied; <as>as, a <ex>vacant</ex> seat at table; a <ex>vacant</ex> office; <ex>vacant</ex> hours</as>. When we speak of a <xex>vacant</xex> look or a <xex>vacant</xex> mind, we imply the absence of the intelligence naturally to be expected there.</usage><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Va"cant*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a vacant manner; inanely.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Va"cate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Vacated</conjf> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Vacating</conjf>.]</vmorph> <ety>[L. <ets>vacare</ets>, <ets>vacatum</ets>, to be empty. See <er>Vacant</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make vacant; to leave empty; to cease from filling or occupying; <as>as, it was resolved by Parliament that <persfn>James</persfn> had <ex>vacated</ex> the throne of England; the tenant <ex>vacated</ex> the house.</as></def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To annul; to make void; to deprive of force; to make of no authority or validity; <as>as, to <ex>vacate</ex> a commission or a charter; to <ex>vacate</ex> proceedings in a cause.</as></def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>That after act <qex>vacating</qex> the authority of the precedent.</q> <rj><qau>Eikon Basilike.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>The necessity of observing the Jewish Sabbath was <qex>vacated</qex> by the apostolical institution of the Lord's Day.</q> <rj><qau>R. Nelson.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>To defeat; to put an end to.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>He <qex>vacates</qex> my revenge.</q> <rj><qau>Dryden.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Va*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>vacatio</ets> a being free from a duty, service, etc., fr. <ets>vacare</ets>. See <er>Vacate</er>.]</ety><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of vacating; a making void or of no force; <as>as, the <ex>vacation</ex> of an office or a charter</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Intermission of a stated employment, procedure, or office; a period of intermission; rest; leisure.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>It was not in his nature, however, at least till years had chastened it, to take any <qex>vacation</qex> from controversy.</q> <rj><qau>Palfrey.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p>Hence, specifically: -<br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Intermission of judicial proceedings; the space of time between the end of one term and the beginning of the next; nonterm; recess.</def> &ldquo;With lawyers in the <xex>vacation</xex>.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Shak.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sd>(b)</sd> <def>A period of intermission of regular paid work or employment, or of studies and exercises at an educational institution; the time during which a person temporarily ceases regular duties of any kind and performs other activites, usually some form of liesure; holidays; recess (at a school); <as>as, the spring <ex>vacation</ex>; to spend one's <ex>vacation</ex> travelling; to paint the house while on <ex>vacation</ex></as>.  <ex>Vacation</ex> is typically used for rest, travel, or recreation, but may be used for any purpose.  In Britain this sense of <ex>vacation</ex> is usually referred to as <altname>holiday</altname>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source> <source>+PJC</source>]</p>

<p><sd>(c)</sd> <def>The time when an office is vacant;</def> <specif>esp.</specif> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld>, <def>the time when a see, or other spiritual dignity, is vacant.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p>&Verbar;<hw>Va*ca"tur</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., it is made void, fr. L. <ets>vacare</ets> to be empty. See <er>Vacant</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>An order of court by which a proceeding is set aside or annulled.</def><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Vac"ca*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL. <ets>vaccarium</ets>, from L. <ets>vacca</ets> cow.  Cf. <er>Vachery</er>.]</ety> <def>A cow house, dairy house, or cow pasture.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</mark>  <rj><au>Wright.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p>&Verbar;<hw>Vac*ci"na</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Vaccinia.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Vac"ci*nal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to vaccinia or vaccination.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Vac"ci*nate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Vaccinated</conjf> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Vaccinating</conjf>.]</vmorph> <ety>[See <er>Vaccine</er>.]</ety> <def>To inoculate with the cowpox by means of a virus, called <xex>vaccine</xex>, taken either directly or indirectly from cows; now, generally, to administer (by injection or otherwise) any vaccine with the objective of rendering the recipient immune to an infectious disease.  One who has been thus immunized by vaccination is said to be <col>vaccinated against</col> a particular disease.  One may be thus immunized (vaccinated) also by oral ingestion or inhalation of a vaccine.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source> <source>+PJC</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Vac`ci*na"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act, art, or practice of vaccinating, or inoculating with the cowpox, in order to prevent or mitigate an attack of smallpox.  Cf. <er>Inoculation</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><note>&hand_; In recent use, <xex>vaccination</xex> sometimes includes inoculation with any virus as a preventive measure; <as>as, <ex>vaccination</ex> against cholera</as>.</note><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Any inoculation intended to raise immunity to a disease.</def><br/>
[<source>PJC</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Vac"ci*na`tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or that which, vaccinates.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Vac"cine</hw> <pr>(v&abreve;k"s&imacr;n <it>or</it> v&abreve;k"s&ibreve_;n; 277)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>vaccinus</ets>, fr. <ets>vacca</ets> a cow; cf. Skr. <ets>v&amacr;&ccedil;</ets> to bellow, to groan.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to cows; pertaining to, derived from, or caused by, vaccinia; <as>as, <ex>vaccine</ex> virus; the <ex>vaccine</ex> disease</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to a vaccine or vaccination.</def><br/>
[<source>PJC</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Vac"cine</hw> <pr>(v&abreve;k*s&emacr;n" <it>or</it> v&abreve;k"s&emacr;n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The virus of vaccinia used in vaccination.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>any preparation used to render an organism immune to some disease, by inducing or increasing the natural immunity mechanisms.  Prior to 1995, such preparations usually contained killed organisms of the type for which immunity was desired, and sometimes used live organisms having attenuated virulence.  Since that date, preparations containing only specific antigenic portions of the pathogenic organism have also been used.  Some of these are prepared by genetic engineering techniques.</def><br/>
[<source>PJC</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Computers)</fld> <def>A program designed to protect a computer from software viruses, by detecting and or eliminating them.</def><br/>
[<source>PJC</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Vac"cine point`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>See <er>Point</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 26.</def><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p>&Verbar;<hw>Vac*cin"i*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL. See <er>Vaccine</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Cowpox; vaccina. See <er>Cowpox</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Vac"ci*nist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A vaccinator.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p>&Verbar;<hw>Vac*cin"i*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., the blueberry, or whortleberry.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of ericaceous shrubs including the various kinds of blueberries and the true cranberries.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p>&Verbar;<hw>Va`cher"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., from <ets>vache</ets> a cow.  Cf. <er>Vaquero</er>.]</ety> <def>A keeper of stock or cattle; a herdsman.</def> <mark>[Southwestern U. S.]</mark><!-- a cowboy -->  <rj><au>Bartlett.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Vach"er*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>vacherie</ets>, from <ets>vache</ets> a cow, L. <ets>vacca</ets>.  Cf. <er>Vaccary</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An inclosure for cows.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>A dairy.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</mark>  <rj><au>Prompt. Parv.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Va`chette" clasp</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>vachette</ets> cowhide leather used for ligatures.]</ety> <fld>(Veter.)</fld> <def>A piece of strong steel wire with the ends curved and pointed, used on toe or quarter cracks to bind the edges together and prevent motion. It is clasped into two notches, one on each side of the crack, burned into the wall with a cautery iron.</def><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Vac"il*lan*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state of being vacillant, or wavering.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>  <rj><au>Dr. H. More.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Vac"il*lant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>vacillans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>vacillare</ets>: cf. F. <ets>vacillant</ets>. See <er>Vacillate</er>.]</ety> <def>Vacillating; wavering; fluctuating; irresolute.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Vac"il*late</hw> <pr>(v&abreve;s"&ibreve_;l*l&amacr;t)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Vacillated</conjf> <pr>(v&abreve;s"&ibreve_;l*l&amacr;`t&ebreve_;d)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Vacillating</conjf>.]</vmorph> <ety>[L. <ets>vacillare</ets>, <ets>vacillatum</ets>; cf. Skr. <ets>va&ntilde;c</ets>.]</ety><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>1.</sn> <def>To move one way and the other; to reel or stagger; to waver.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>[A spheroid] is always liable to shift and <qex>vacillate</qex>from one axis to another.</q> <rj><qau>Paley.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To fluctuate in mind or opinion; to be unsteady or inconstant; to waver.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><syn><b>Syn.</b> -- See <er>Fluctuate</er>.</syn><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Vac"il*la`ting</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Inclined to fluctuate; wavering.</def> <au>Tennyson.</au> -- <wordforms><wf>Vac"il*la`ting*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Vac`il*la"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>vacillatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>vacillation</ets>.]</ety>  <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of vacillating; a moving one way and the other; a wavering.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>His <qex>vacillations</qex>, always exhibited most pitiably in emergencies.</q> <rj><qau>Macaulay.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Unsteadiness of purpose; changeableness.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>There is a <qex>vacillation</qex>, or an alternation of knowledge and doubt.</q> <rj><qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Vac"il*la*to*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Inclined to vacillate; wavering; irresolute.</def>  <rj><au>Hawthorne.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Vac"u*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>vacuatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>vacuare</ets> to empty, from <ets>vacuus</ets> empty. See <er>Vacant</er>.]</ety> <def>To make void, or empty.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Vac`u*a"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of emptying; evacuation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Vac"u*ist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>vacuiste</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who holds the doctrine that the space between the bodies of the universe, or the molecules and atoms of matter, is a vacuum; -- opposed to <contr>plenist</contr>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Va*cu"i*ty</hw> <pr>(v&adot_;*k&umacr;"&ibreve_;*t&ybreve_;)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>vacuitas</ets>. See <er>Vacuous</er>.]</ety>  <sn>1.</sn> <def>The quality or state of being vacuous, or not filled; emptiness; vacancy; <as>as, <ex>vacuity</ex> of mind; <ex>vacuity</ex> of countenance</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Hunger is such a state of <qex>vacuity</qex> as to require a fresh supply of aliment.</q> <rj><qau>Arbuthnot.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Space unfilled or unoccupied, or occupied with an invisible fluid only; emptiness; void; vacuum.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>A <qex>vacuity</qex> is interspersed among the particles of matter.</q> <rj><qau>Bentley.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>God . . . alone can answer all our longings and fill every <qex>vacuity</qex> of our soul.</q> <rj><qau>Rogers.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>Want of reality; inanity; nihility.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Their expectations will meet with <qex>vacuity</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Glanvill.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p>&Verbar;<hw>Va*cu"na</hw> <pr>(v&adot_;*k&umacr;"n&adot_;)</pr>, <pos>prop. n.</pos> <ety>[L.  fr. <ets>vacuus</ets> unoccupied.]</ety> <fld>(Rom. Myth.)</fld> <def>The goddess of rural leisure, to whom the husbandmen sacrificed at the close of the harvest.  She was especially honored by the Sabines.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Vac"u*o*la`ted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Full of vacuoles, or small air cavities; <as>as, <ex>vacuolated</ex> cells</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Vac"u*o*la"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Formation into, or multiplication of, vacuoles.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Vac"u*ole</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>vacuus</ets> empty: cf. F. <ets>vacuole</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A small air cell, or globular space, in the interior of organic cells, either containing air, or a pellucid watery liquid, or some special chemical secretions of the cell protoplasm.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Contractile vacuole</b></col>. <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Contractile</er>, and see <xex>Illusts</xex>. of <er>Infusoria</er>, and <er>Lobosa</er>.</cd> -- <col><b>Food vacuole</b></col>. <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Food</er>, and see <xex>Illust.</xex> of <er>Infusoria</er>.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Vac`u*om"e*ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>  <ety>[<ets>Vacuum</ets> + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An instrument for the comparison of barometers.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An apparatus for the measurement of low pressures.</def><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Vac"u*ous</hw> <pr>(v&abreve;k"&uuptack_;*&ubreve;s)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>vacuus</ets>. See <er>Vacant</er>.]</ety> <def>Empty; unfilled; void; vacant.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Boundless the deep, because I am who fill<br/>
Infinitude; nor <qex>vacuous</qex> the space.</q> <rj><qau>Milton.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>That the few may lead selfish and <qex>vacuous</qex> days.</q> <rj><qau>J. Morley.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Vac"u*ous*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state of being vacuous; emptiness; vacuity.</def>  <rj><au>W. Montagu.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Vac"u*um</hw> <pr>(v&abreve;k"&uuptack_;*&ubreve;m)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu><it>pl.</it> E. <plw>Vacuums</plw> <pr>(v&abreve;k"&uuptack_;*&ubreve;mz)</pr>, L. <plw>Vacua</plw> <pr>(v&abreve;k"&uuptack_;*&adot_;)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>vacuus</ets> empty. See <er>Vacuous</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>A space entirely devoid of matter (called also, by way of distinction, <xex>absolute vacuum</xex>); hence, in a more general sense, a space, as the interior of a closed vessel, which has been exhausted to a high or the highest degree by an air pump or other artificial means; <as>as, water boils at a reduced temperature in a <ex>vacuum</ex></as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><!-- p. 1591 pr=PI--><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>The condition of rarefaction, or reduction of pressure below that of the atmosphere, in a vessel, as the condenser of a steam engine, which is nearly exhausted of air or steam, etc.; <as>as, a <ex>vacuum</ex> of 26 inches of mercury, or 13 pounds per square inch</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Vacuum brake</b></col>, <cd>a kind of continuous brake operated by exhausting the air from some appliance under each car, and so causing the pressure of the atmosphere to apply the brakes.</cd> -- <col><b>Vacuum pan</b></col> <fld>(Technol.)</fld>, <cd>a kind of large closed metallic retort used in sugar making for boiling down sirup. It is so connected with an exhausting apparatus that a partial vacuum is formed within. This allows the evaporation and concentration to take place at a lower atmospheric pressure and hence also at a lower temperature, which largely obviates the danger of burning the sugar, and shortens the process.</cd> -- <col><b>Vacuum pump</b></col>. <cd>Same as <er>Pulsometer</er>, 1.</cd> -- <col><b>Vacuum tube</b></col> <fld>(Phys.)</fld>, <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>a glass tube provided with platinum electrodes and exhausted, for the passage of the electrical discharge; a Geissler tube.</cd> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>any tube used in electronic devices, containing a vacuum and used to control the flow of electrons in a circuit, as a vacuum diode, triode, tetrode, or pentode.</cd> -- <col><b>Vacuum valve</b></col>, <cd>a safety valve opening inward to admit air to a vessel in which the pressure is less than that of the atmosphere, in order to prevent collapse.</cd> -- <col><b>Torricellian vacuum</b></col>. <cd>See under <er>Torricellian</er>.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Vac"u*um clean"er</hw>. <def>A machine for cleaning carpets, tapestry, upholstered work, etc., by suction; -- sometimes called a <altname>vacuum</altname>.</def><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p>&Verbar;<hw>Va*dan"tes</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[NL., from L. <ets>vadans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>vadare</ets> to wade, to ford.]</ety> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>An extensive artificial group of birds including the wading, swimming, and cursorial birds.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Vade</hw> <pr>(v&amacr;d)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[For <ets>fade</ets>.]</ety> <def>To fade; hence, to vanish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> &ldquo; Summer leaves all <xex>vaded</xex>.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Shak.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>They into dust shall <qex>vade</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Spenser.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Va`de me"cum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[L., go with me.]</ety> <def>A book or other thing that a person carries with him as a constant companion; a manual; a handbook.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Vad"i*mo*ny</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>vadimonium</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A bond or pledge for appearance before a judge on a certain day.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p>&Verbar;<hw>Va"di*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL., from L. <ets>vas</ets>, <ets>vadis</ets>, bail.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Pledge; security; bail. See <er>Mortgage</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Vadium vivum</b></col> <ety>[LL.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a living pledge, which exists where an estate is granted until a debt is paid out of its proceeds.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Vae</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See <er>Voe</er>.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Va"frous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>vafer</ets>.]</ety> <def>Crafty; cunning; sly; <as>as, <ex>vafrous</ex> tricks</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Feltham.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Vag"a*bond</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>vagabundus</ets>, from <ets>vagari</ets> to stroll about, from <ets>vagus</ets> strolling. See <er>Vague</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Moving from place to place without a settled habitation; wandering.</def> &ldquo;<xex>Vagabond</xex> exile.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Shak.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Floating about without any certain direction; driven to and fro.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>To heaven their prayers<br/>
Flew up, nor missed the way, by envious winds<br/>
Blown <qex>vagabond</qex> or frustrate.</q> <rj><qau>Milton.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>Being a vagabond; strolling and idle or vicious.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Vag"a*bond</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who wanders from place to place, having no fixed dwelling, or not abiding in it, and usually without the means of honest livelihood; a vagrant; a tramp; hence, a worthless person; a rascal.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>A fugitive and a <qex>vagabond</qex> shalt thou be.</q> <rj><qau>Gen. iv. 12.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><note>&hand_; In English and American law, <xex>vagabond</xex> is used in bad sense, denoting one who is without a home; a strolling, idle, worthless person. <xex>Vagabonds</xex> are described in old English statutes as &ldquo;such as wake on the night and sleep on the day, and haunt customable taverns and alehouses, and routs about; and no man wot from whence they came, nor whither they go.&rdquo; In American law, the term <xex>vagrant</xex> is employed in the same sense. Cf <er>Rogue</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 1.  <rj><au>Burrill.</au>  <au>Bouvier.</au></rj>
</note><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Vag"a*bond</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To play the vagabond; to wander like a vagabond; to stroll.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>On every part my <qex>vagabonding</qex> sight<br/>
Did cast, and drown mine eyes in sweet delight.</q> <rj><qau>Drummond.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Vag"a*bond`age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>vagabondage</ets>.]</ety> <def>The condition of a vagabond; a state or habit of wandering about in idleness; vagrancy.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Vag"a*bond`ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Vagabondage.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Vag"a*bond`ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To play the vagabond; to wander about in idleness.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Vag"a*bond`ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Vagabondage.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Va"gal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Vagus</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the vagus, or pneumogastric nerves; pneumogastric.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Va"gan*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From L. <ets>vagans</ets>, p. pr. See <er>Vagantes</er>.]</ety> <def>A wandering; vagrancy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>A thousand <qex>vagancies</qex> of glory and delight.</q><!-- note: in the original Webster, <i>delight</i> was misspelled <i>desight</i>, a rare typographical error --> <rj><qau>Milton.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p>&Verbar;<hw>Va*gan"tes</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>prop. n. pl.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>vagans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>vagari</ets> to stroll or wander.]</ety> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>A tribe of spiders, comprising some of those which take their prey in a web, but which also frequently run with agility, and chase and seize their prey.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Va*ga"ri*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Given to, or characterized by, vagaries; capricious; whimsical; crochety.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Va*ga"ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu><it>pl.</it> <plw>Vagaries</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L. <ets>vagari</ets> to stroll about. See <er>Vague</er>.]</ety><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>1.</sn> <def>A wandering or strolling.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, a wandering of the thoughts; a wild or fanciful freak; a whim; a whimsical purpose.</def> &ldquo;The <xex>vagaries</xex> of a child.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Spectator.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>They changed their minds,<br/>
Flew off, and into strange <qex>vagaries</qex> fell.</q> <rj><qau>Milton.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Va"gi*ent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>vagiens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>vagire</ets> to cry like a young child.]</ety> <def>Crying like a child.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Va*gi"na</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu><it>pl.</it> <plw>Vagin&aelig;</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L. <ets>vagina</ets> a scabbard or sheath.]</ety><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A sheath; a theca; <as>as, the <ex>vagina</ex> of the portal vein</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Specifically, the canal which leads from the uterus to the external orifice of the genital canal, or to the cloaca.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>The terminal part of the oviduct in insects and various other invertebrates. See <xex>Illust.</xex>, of <er>Spermatheca</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The basal expansion of certain leaves, which inwraps the stem; a sheath.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The shaft of a terminus, from which the bust or figure seems to issue or arise.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Vag"i*nal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>vaginal</ets>.]</ety><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to a vagina; resembling a vagina, or sheath; thecal; <as>as, a <ex>vaginal</ex> synovial membrane; the <ex>vaginal</ex> process of the temporal bone.</as></def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the vagina of the genital canal; <as>as, the <ex>vaginal</ex> artery</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Vag"i*nant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>vaginant</ets>. See <er>Vagina</er>.]</ety> <def>Serving to invest, or sheathe; sheathing.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Vaginant leaf</b></col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a leaf investing the stem or branch by its base, which has the form of a tube.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><mhw>{ <hw>Vag"i*nate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Vag"i*na`ted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Vagina</er>.]</ety> <def>Invested with, or as if with, a sheath; <as>as, a <ex>vaginate</ex> stem, or one invested by the tubular base of a leaf</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p>&Verbar;<hw>Vag`i*na"ti</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>A tribe of birds comprising the sheathbills.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Vag`i*ner*vose"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>vagus</ets> wandering + E. <ets>nervose</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the nerves, or veins, placed in apparent disorder.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p>&Verbar;<hw>Vag`i*nic"o*la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>prop. n.</pos> <ety>[NL., from L. <ets>vagina</ets> sheath + <ets>colere</ets> to inhabit.]</ety> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>A genus of Infusoria which form minute vaselike or tubular cases in which they dwell.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p>&Verbar;<hw>Vag`i*nis"mus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A painful spasmodic contraction of the vagina, often rendering copulation impossible.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p>&Verbar;<hw>Vag`i*ni"tis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL. See <er>Vagina</er>, and <er>-itis</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Inflammation of the vagina, or the genital canal, usually of its mucous lining membrane.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p>&Verbar;<hw>Vag`i*no*pen"nous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>vagina</ets> a sheath + <ets>penna</ets> a feather, pl. <ets>pennae</ets> a wing.]</ety> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>Having elytra; sheath-winged.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p>&Verbar;<hw>Va*gin"u*la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., dim. of <ets>vagina</ets> sheath.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A little sheath, as that about the base of the pedicel of most mosses.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One of the tubular florets in composite flowers.</def>  <rj><au>Henslow.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Vag"i*nule</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A vaginula.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Vag"is*sate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>vagari</ets> to stroll or wander.]</ety> <def>To caper or frolic.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
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<p><hw>Va"gous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>vagus</ets>. See <er>Vague</er>.]</ety> <def>Wandering; unsettled.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Ayliffe.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Va"gran*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state of being a vagrant; a wandering without a settled home; an unsettled condition; vagabondism.</def><br/>
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<p><q>Threatened away into banishment and <qex>vagrancy</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Barrow.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Va"grant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Probably fr. OF. <ets>waucrant</ets>, <ets>wacrant</ets>, p. p. of <ets>waucrer</ets>, <ets>wacrer</ets>, <ets>walcrer</ets>, to wander (probably of Teutonic origin), but influenced by F. <ets>vagant</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>vaguer</ets> to stray, L. <ets>vagari</ets>.  Cf. <er>Vagary</er>.]</ety><br/>
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<p><sn>1.</sn> <def>Moving without certain direction; wandering; erratic; unsettled.</def><br/>
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<p><q>That beauteous Emma <qex>vagrant</qex> courses took.</q> <rj><qau>Prior.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><q>While leading this <qex>vagrant</qex> and miserable life, Johnson fell in love.</q> <rj><qau>Macaulay.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Wandering from place to place without any settled habitation; <as>as, a <ex>vagrant</ex> beggar</as>.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Va"grant</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who strolls from place to place; one who has no settled habitation; an idle wanderer; a sturdy beggar; an incorrigible rogue; a vagabond.</def><br/>
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<p><q><qex>Vagrants</qex> and outlaws shall offend thy view.</q> <rj><qau>Prior.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Va"grant*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a vagrant manner.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Va"grant*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>State of being vagrant; vagrancy.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Vague</hw> <pr>(v&amacr;g)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <amorph>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <adjf>Vaguer</adjf> <pr>(v&amacr;g"&etilde_;r)</pr>; <pos>superl.</pos> <adjf>Vaguest</adjf>.]</amorph> <ety>[F. <ets>vague</ets>, or L. <ets>vagus</ets>. See <er>Vague</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>]</ety><br/>
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<p><sn>1.</sn> <def>Wandering; vagrant; vagabond.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark> &ldquo;To set upon the <xex>vague</xex> villains.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Hayward.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><q>She danced along with <qex>vague</qex>, regardless eyes.</q> <rj><qau>Keats.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Unsettled; unfixed; undetermined; indefinite; ambiguous; <as>as, a <ex>vague</ex> idea; a <ex>vague</ex> proposition</as>.</def><br/>
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<p><q>This faith is neither a mere fantasy of future glory, nor a <qex>vague</qex> ebullition of feeling.</q> <rj><qau>I. Taylor.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><q>The poet turned away, and gave himself up to a sort of <qex>vague</qex> revery, which he called thought.</q> <rj><qau>Hawthorne.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>Proceeding from no known authority; unauthenticated; uncertain; flying; <as>as, a <ex>vague</ex> report</as>.</def><br/>
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<p><q>Some legend strange and <qex>vague</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Longfellow.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><cs><col><b>Vague year</b></col>. <cd>See <cref>Sothiac year</cref>, under <er>Sothiac</er>.</cd></cs><br/>
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<p><syn><b>Syn.</b> -- Unsettled; indefinite; unfixed; ill-defined; ambiguous; hazy; loose; lax; uncertain.</syn><br/>
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<p><hw>Vague</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>vague</ets>.]</ety> <def>An indefinite expanse.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark><br/>
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<p><q>The gray <qex>vague</qex> of unsympathizing sea.</q> <rj><qau>Lowell.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Vague</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>vaguer</ets>, L. <ets>vagari</ets>, fr. <ets>vagus</ets> roaming.]</ety> <def>To wander; to roam; to stray.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> &ldquo;[The soul] doth <xex>vague</xex> and wander.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Holland.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Vague</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A wandering; a vagary.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Holinshed.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Vague"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a vague manner.</def><br/>
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<p><q>What he <qex>vaguely</qex> hinted at, but dared not speak.</q> <rj><qau>Hawthorne.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Vague"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state of being vague.</def><br/>
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<p>&Verbar;<hw>Va"gus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L., wandering.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Wandering; -- applied especially to the pneumogastric nerve.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos>  <def>The vagus, or pneumogastric, nerve.</def></def2><br/>
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<p><hw>Vail</hw> <pr>(v&amacr;l)</pr>, <pos>n. &amp; v. t.</pos> <def>Same as <er>Veil</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
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<p><hw>Vail</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Aphetic form of <ets>avail</ets>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety><br/>
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<p><sn>1.</sn> <def>Avails; profit; return; proceeds.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
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<p><q>My house is as 'twere the cave where the young outlaw hoards the stolen <qex>vails</qex> of his occupation.</q> <rj><qau>Chapman.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>An unexpected gain or acquisition; a casual advantage or benefit; a windfall.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
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<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>Money given to servants by visitors; a gratuity; -- usually in the plural.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>vale</asp>.]</altsp>  <rj><au>Dryden.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Vail</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Aphetic form of <ets>avale</ets>. See <er>Avale</er>, <er>Vale</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>vale</asp>, and <asp>veil</asp>.]</altsp> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To let fall; to allow or cause to sink.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
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<p><q><qex>Vail</qex> your regard<br/>
Upon a wronged, I would fain have said, a maid!</q> <rj><qau>Shak.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To lower, or take off, in token of inferiority, reverence, submission, or the like.</def><br/>
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<p><q>France must <qex>vail</qex> her lofty-plumed crest!</q> <rj><qau>Shak.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><q>Without <qex>vailing</qex> his bonnet or testifying any reverence for the alleged sanctity of the relic.</q> <rj><qau>Sir. W. Scott.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Vail</hw> <pr>(v&amacr;l)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To yield or recede; to give place; to show respect by yielding, uncovering, or the like.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>vale</asp>, and <asp>veil</asp>.]</altsp> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
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<p><q>Thy convenience must <qex>vail</qex> to thy neighbor's necessity.</q> <rj><qau>South.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Vail</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Submission; decline; descent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
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<p><hw>Vail"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who vails.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Overbury.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Vai"mure</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An outer, or exterior, wall.  See <er>Vauntmure</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Hakluyt.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Vain</hw> <pr>(v&amacr;n)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <amorph>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <adjf>Vainer</adjf> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>superl.</pos> <adjf>Vainest</adjf>.]</amorph> <ety>[F. <ets>vain</ets>, L. <ets>vanus</ets> empty, void, vain.  Cf. <er>Vanish</er>, <er>Vanity</er>, <er>Vaunt</er> to boast.]</ety>  <sn>1.</sn> <def>Having no real substance, value, or importance; empty; void; worthless; unsatisfying.</def> &ldquo;Thy <xex>vain</xex> excuse.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Shak.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><q>Every man walketh in a <qex>vain</qex> show.</q> <rj><qau>Ps. xxxix. 6.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><q>Let no man deceive you with <qex>vain</qex> words.</q> <rj><qau>Eph. v. 6.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><q><qex>Vain</qex> pomp, and glory of this world, I hate ye!</q> <rj><qau>Shak.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><q><qex>Vain</qex> wisdom all, and false philosophy.</q> <rj><qau>Milton.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Destitute of force or efficacy; effecting no purpose; fruitless; ineffectual; <as>as, <ex>vain</ex> toil; a <ex>vain</ex> attempt</as>.</def><br/>
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<p><q>Bring no more <qex>vain</qex> oblations.</q> <rj><qau>Isa. i. 13.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><q><qex>Vain</qex> is the force of man<br/>
To crush the pillars which the pile sustain.</q> <rj><qau>Dryden.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>Proud of petty things, or of trifling attainments; having a high opinion of one's own accomplishments with slight reason; conceited; puffed up; inflated.</def><br/>
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<p><q>But wilt thou know, O <qex>vain</qex> man, that faith apart from works is barren?</q> <rj><qau>James ii. 20 (Rev. Ver.).</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><q>The minstrels played on every side,<br/>
<qex>Vain</qex> of their art.</q> <rj><qau>Dryden.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><sn>4.</sn> <def>Showy; ostentatious.</def><br/>
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<p><q>Load some <qex>vain</qex> church with old theatric state.</q> <rj><qau>Pope.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><syn><b>Syn.</b> -- Empty; worthless; fruitless; ineffectual; idle; unreal; shadowy; showy; ostentatious; light; inconstant; deceitful; delusive; unimportant; trifling.</syn><br/>
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<p><hw>Vain</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Vanity; emptiness; -- now used only in the phrase <col>in vain</col>.</def><br/>
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<p><cs><col><b>For vain</b></col>. <cd>See <cref>In vain</cref>.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <au>Shak.</au> -- <col><b>In vain</b></col>, <cd>to no purpose; without effect; ineffectually.</cd> &ldquo; <xex>In vain</xex> doth valor bleed.&rdquo; <au>Milton.</au> &ldquo; <xex>In vain</xex> they do worship me.&rdquo; <au>Matt. xv. 9.</au> -- <col><b>To take the name of God in vain</b></col>, <cd>to use the name of God with levity or profaneness.</cd></cs><br/>
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<p><hw>Vain`glo"ri*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Feeling or indicating vainglory; elated by vanity; boastful.</def> &ldquo;Arrogant and <xex>vainglorious</xex> expression.&rdquo; <au>Sir M. Hale.</au> -- <wordforms><wf>Vain`glo"ri*ous*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> -- <wf>Vain`glo"ri*ous*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms><br/>
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<p><hw>Vain`glo"ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[<ets>Vain</ets> + <ets>glory</ets>.]</ety> <def>Excessive vanity excited by one's own performances; empty pride; undue elation of mind; vain show; boastfulness.</def><br/>
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<p><q>He had nothing of <qex>vainglory</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Bacon.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><q>The man's undone forever; for if Hector break not his neck i' the combat, he'll break't himself in <qex>vainglory</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Shak.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Vain"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a vain manner; in vain.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Vain"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state of being vain.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Vair</hw> <pr>(v&acirc;r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>vair</ets>, from OF. <ets>vair</ets>, a., L. <ets>varius</ets> various, variegated. See <er>Various</er>, and cf. <er>Meniver</er>.]</ety> <def>The skin of the squirrel, much used in the fourteenth century as fur for garments, and frequently mentioned by writers of that period in describing the costly dresses of kings, nobles, and prelates.  It is represented in heraldry by a series of small shields placed close together, and alternately white and blue.</def>  <rj><au>Fairholt.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><q>No <qex>vair</qex> or ermine decked his garment.</q> <rj><qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><cs><col><b>Counter vair</b></col> <fld>(Her.)</fld>, <cd>a fur resembling vair, except in the arrangement of the patches or figures.</cd></cs><br/>
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<p><hw>Vair"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>vair&eacute;</ets>. See <er>Vair</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Charged with vair; variegated with shield-shaped figures. See <er>Vair</er>.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Vaish"na*va</hw> <pr>(v&imacr;sh"n&adot_;*v&adot_;)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Skr. <ets>vaish&nsdot_;ava</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Hindu Myth.)</fld> <def>A worshiper of the god <persfn>Vishnu</persfn> in any of his incarnations.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Vaish"na*vism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The worship of Vishnu.</def><br/>
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<p>&Verbar;<hw>Vais"ya</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Skr. <ets>vai&ccedil;ya</ets>.]</ety> <def>The third of the four great original castes among the Hindus, now either extinct or partially represented by the mercantile class of Banyas. See the Note under <er>Caste</er>, 1.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Vai"vode</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>vayvode</ets>. See <er>Waywode</er>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Waywode</er>.</def><br/>
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<p>&Verbar;<hw>Va*keel"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Ar. <ets>wak&imacr;l</ets>.]</ety> <def>A native attorney or agent; also, an ambassador.</def> <mark>[India]</mark><br/>
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<p><hw>Val"ance</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Perhaps fr. OF. <ets>avalant</ets> descending, hanging down, p. pr. of <ets>avaler</ets> to go down, let down, descend (cf. <er>Avalanche</er>); but probably from the town of <etsep>Valence</etsep> in France.]</ety><br/>
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<p><sn>1.</sn> <def>Hanging drapery for a bed, couch, window, or the like, especially that which hangs around a bedstead, from the bed to the floor.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>valence</asp>.]</altsp><br/>
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<p><q><qex>Valance</qex> of Venice gold in needlework.</q> <rj><qau>Shak.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>The drooping edging of the lid of a trunk, which covers the joint when the lid is closed.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Val"ance</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Valanced</conjf> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Valancing</conjf> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</vmorph> <def>To furnish with a valance; to decorate with hangings or drapery.</def><br/>
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<p><q>His old fringed chair <qex>valanced</qex> around with party-colored worsted bobs.</q> <rj><qau>Sterne.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Vale</hw> <pr>(v&amacr;l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>val</ets>, F. <ets>val</ets>, L. <ets>vallis</ets>; perhaps akin to Gr. <grk>'e`los</grk> low ground, marsh meadow.  Cf. <er>Avalanche</er>, <er>Vail</er> to lower, <er>Valley</er>.]</ety> <def>A tract of low ground, or of land between hills; a valley.</def> &ldquo; Make me a cottage in the <xex>vale</xex>.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Tennyson.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><q>Beyond this <qex>vale</qex> of tears there is a life above.</q> <rj><qau>Montgomery.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><q>In those fair <qex>vales</qex>, by nature formed to please.</q> <rj><qau>Harte.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><note>&hand_; <xex>Vale</xex> is more commonly used in poetry, and <xex>valley</xex> in prose and common discourse.</note><br/>
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<p><syn><b>Syn.</b> -- Valley; dingle; dell; dale.</syn><br/>
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<p><hw>Vale</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See 2d <er>Vail</er>, 3.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Val`e*dic"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., <ets>valedicere</ets>, <ets>valedictum</ets>, to say farewell; <ets>vale</ets> farewell (imperative of <ets>valere</ets> to be strong or well) + <ets>dicere</ets> to say. See <er>Valiant</er>, <er>Diction</er>.]</ety> <def>A farewell; a bidding farewell.</def>  <rj><au>Donne.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><!-- p. 1592 pr=PI --><br/>
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<p><hw>Val`e*dic*to"ri*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who pronounces a valedictory address; especially, in American colleges, the student who pronounces the valedictory of the graduating class at the annual commencement, usually the student who ranks first in scholarship.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Val`e*dic"to*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Bidding farewell; suitable or designed for an occasion of leave-taking; <as>as, a <ex>valedictory</ex> oration</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Val`e*dic"to*ry</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu><it>pl.</it> <plw>Valedictories</plw> <pr>(&unr_;)</pr>.</plu> <def>A valedictory oration or address spoken at commencement in American colleges or seminaries by one of the graduating class, usually by the leading scholar.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Va"lence</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From L. <ets>valens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>valere</ets> to have power, to be strong. See <er>Valiant</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The degree of combining power of an atom (or radical) as shown by the number of atoms of hydrogen (or of other monads, as chlorine, sodium, etc.) with which it will combine, or for which it can be substituted, or with which it can be compared; thus, an atom of hydrogen is a monad, and has a <xex>valence</xex> of one; the atoms of oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon are respectively dyads, triads, and tetrads, and have a <xex>valence</xex> respectively of two, three, and four.</def><br/>
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<p><note>&hand_; The valence of certain elements varies in different compounds. Valence in degree may extend as high as seven or eight, as in the cases of iodine and osmium respectively. The doctrine of valence has been of fundamental importance in distinguishing the equivalence from the atomic weight, and is an essential factor in explaining the chemical structures of compounds.</note><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Va*len"ci*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Perhaps fr. <ets>Valence</ets> in France.]</ety> <def>A kind of woven fabric for waistcoats, having the weft of wool and the warp of silk or cotton.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>valentia</asp>.]</altsp><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Va*len`ci*ennes" lace"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[F.; -- so called after the town of <ets>Valenciennes</ets>.]</ety> <def>A rich kind of lace made at Valenciennes, in France. Each piece is made throughout, ground and pattern, by the same person and with the same thread, the pattern being worked in the net.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Val"en*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu><it>pl.</it> <plw>Valencies</plw> <pr>(&unr_;)</pr>.</plu> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>See <er>Valence</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A unit of combining power; a so-called bond of affinity.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Va*len"ti*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See <er>Valencia</er>.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Val"en*tine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A sweetheart chosen on St. Valentine's Day.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>A letter containing professions of love, or a missive of a sentimental, comic, or burlesque character, sent on St. Valentine's Day.</def><br/>
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<p><cs><col><b>St. Valentine's Day</b></col>, <cd>a day sacred to St. Valentine; the 14th of February. It was a very old notion, alluded to by Shakespeare, that on this day birds begin to mate. Hence, perhaps, arose the custom of sending love tokens at that time.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Val`en*tin"i*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>One of a school of Judaizing Gnostics in the second century; -- so called from <ets>Valentinus</ets>, the founder.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Val`er*am"ide</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[<ets>Valer</ets>ic + <ets>amide</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The acid amide derivative of valeric acid, obtained as a white crystalline substance.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Val"er*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of valeric acid.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Va*le"ri*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL. <ets>valeriana</ets>, perhaps from some person named <etsep>Valerius</etsep>, or fr. L. <ets>valere</ets> to be strong. powerful, on account of its medicinal virtues: cf. F.  <ets>val&eacute;riane</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Any plant of the genus <gen>Valeriana</gen>. The root of the officinal valerian (<spn>Valeriana officinalis</spn>) has a strong smell, and is much used in medicine as an antispasmodic.</def><br/>
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<p><cs><col><b>Greek valerian</b></col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a plant (<spn>Polemonium c&aelig;ruleum</spn>) with blue or white flowers, and leaves resembling those of the officinal valerian.</cd></cs><br/>
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<p><hw>Va*le`ri*an*a"ceous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or resembling, plants of a natural order (<ord>Valerianace&aelig;</ord>) of which the valerian is the type. The order includes also the corn salads and the oriental spikenard.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Va*le"ri*an*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A valerate.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Va*le`ri*an"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or obtained from, valerian root; specifically, designating an acid which is usually called <xex>valeric acid</xex>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Va*ler"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Valerianic; specifically, designating any one of three metameric acids, of which the typical one (called also <stype>inactive valeric acid</stype>), <chform>C4H9CO2H</chform>, is obtained from <xex>valerian</xex> root and other sources, as a corrosive, mobile, oily liquid, having a strong acid taste, and an odor of old cheese.</def><br/>
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<p><cs><col><b>Active valeric acid</b></col>, <cd>a metameric variety which turns the plane of polarization to the right, although formed by the oxidation of a levorotatory amyl alcohol.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Va*ler"i*dine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A base, <chform>C10H19N</chform>, produced by heating valeric aldehyde with ammonia.  It is probably related to the conine alkaloids.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Val"er*in</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[<ets>Valer</ets>ic + glycer<ets>in</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of valeric acid with glycerin, occurring in butter, dolphin oil, etc., and forming an oily liquid with a slightly unpleasant odor.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Va*ler"i*trine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[<ets>Valer</ets>ic + <ets>tro</ets>pine + <ets>-ine</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A base, <chform>C15H27N</chform>, produced together with valeridine, which it resembles.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Val"er*o-</hw>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A combining form (also used adjectively) indicating <xex>derivation from</xex>, or <xex>relation to</xex>, <xex>valerian</xex> or <xex>some of its products</xex>, as valeric acid; as in <xex>valero</xex>lactone, a colorless oily liquid produced as the anhydride of an hydroxy valeric acid.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Val"er*one</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A ketone of valeric acid obtained as an oily liquid.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Val"er*yl</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[<ets>Valeric</ets> + <ets>-yl</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The hypothetical radical <chform>C5H9O</chform>, regarded as the essential nucleus of certain valeric acid derivatives.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Val`er*yl*ene</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A liquid hydrocarbon, <chform>C5H8</chform>; -- called also <altname>pentine</altname>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Val"et</hw> <pr>(v&abreve;l"&ebreve_;t <it>or</it> v&abreve;l"&auptack_;; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>valet</ets>, OF. <ets>vallet</ets>, <ets>varlet</ets>, <ets>vaslet</ets>. See <er>Varlet</er>, and <er>Vassal</er>.]</ety>  <sn>1.</sn> <def>A male waiting servant; a servant who attends on a gentleman's person; a body servant.</def><br/>
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<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Man.)</fld> <def>A kind of goad or stick with a point of iron.</def><br/>
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<p><cs><col><b>&Verbar;Valet de chambre</b></col> <pr>(&unr_;)</pr> <ety>[F.]</ety>, <cd>a body servant, or personal attendant.</cd></cs><br/>
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<p><hw>Val`e*tu`di*na"ri*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>valetudinarius</ets>, from <ets>valetudo</ets> state of health, health, ill health, fr. <ets>valere</ets> to be strong or well: cf. F. <ets>val&eacute;tudinaire</ets>. See <er>Valiant</er>.]</ety> <def>Of infirm health; seeking to recover health; sickly; weakly; infirm.</def><br/>
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<p><q>My feeble health and <qex>valetudinarian</qex> stomach.</q> <rj><qau>Coleridge.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><q>The virtue which the world wants is a healthful virtue, not a <qex>valetudinarian</qex> virtue.</q> <rj><qau>Macaulay.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Val`e*tu`di*na"ri*an</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A person of a weak or sickly constitution; one who is seeking to recover health.</def><br/>
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<p><q><qex>Valetudinarians</qex> must live where they can command and scold.</q> <rj><qau>Swift.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Val`e*tu`di*na"ri*an*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The condition of a valetudinarian; a state of feeble health; infirmity.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Val`e*tu"di*na*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Infirm; sickly; valetudinarian.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Val`e*tu"di*na*ri*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>It renders the habit of society dangerously  <qex>valetudinary</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Burke.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Val`e*tu"di*na*ry</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A valetudinarian.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Val`e*tu"di*nous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Valetudinarian.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> &ldquo;The <xex>valetudinous</xex> condition of King Edward.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Fuller.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Val*hal"la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Icel. <ets>valh&ouml;ll</ets>, literally, hall of the slain; <ets>valr</ets> the slain (akin to AS. <ets>w&aelig;l</ets>, OHG. <ets>wal</ets> battlefield, <ets>wuol</ets> defeat, slaughter, AS. <ets>w&omacr;l</ets> pestilence) + <ets>h&ouml;ll</ets> a royal hall. See <er>Hall</er>, and cf. <er>Walhalla</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>walhalla</asp>.]</altsp><br/>
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<p><sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Scand. Myth.)</fld> <def>The palace of immortality, inhabited by the souls of heroes slain in battle.</def><br/>
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<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Fig.: A hall or temple adorned with statues and memorials of a nation's heroes; specifically, the Pantheon near Ratisbon, in Bavaria, consecrated to the illustrious dead of all Germany.</def><br/>
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<p><mhw>{ <hw>Val"iance</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Val"ian*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>vaillance</ets>. See <er>Valiant</er>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of being valiant; bravery; valor.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> &ldquo;His doughty <xex>valiance</xex>.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Spenser.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Val"iant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>valiant</ets>, F. <ets>vaillant</ets>, OF. <ets>vaillant</ets>, <ets>valant</ets>, originally p. pr. of OF. &amp; F. <ets>valoir</ets> to be worth, L. <ets>valere</ets> to be strong. See <er>Wield</er>, and cf. <er>Avail</er>, <er>Convalesce</er>, <er>Equivalent</er>, <er>Prevail</er>, <er>Valid</er>.]</ety><br/>
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<p><sn>1.</sn> <def>Vigorous in body; strong; powerful; <as>as, a <ex>valiant</ex> fencer</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Walton.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Intrepid in danger; courageous; brave.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>A <qex>valiant</qex> and most expert gentleman.</q> <rj><qau>Shak.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><q>And Saul said to David . . . be thou <qex>valiant</qex> for me, and fight the Lord's battles.</q> <rj><qau>1 Sam. xviii. 17.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>Performed with valor or bravery; heroic.</def> &ldquo;Thou bearest the highest name for <xex>valiant</xex> acts.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Milton.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><q>[The saints] have made such <qex>valiant</qex> confessions.</q> <rj><qau>J. H. Newman.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p>-- <wordforms><wf>Val"iant*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> -- <wf>Val"iant*ness</wf>, <wf>n</wf>.</wordforms><br/>
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<p><hw>Val"id</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>valide</ets>, L. <ets>validus</ets> strong, from <ets>valere</ets> to be strong. See <er>Valiant</er>.]</ety><br/>
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<p><sn>1.</sn> <def>Strong; powerful; efficient.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> &ldquo;Perhaps more <xex>valid</xex> arms . . . may serve to better us.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Milton.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Having sufficient strength or force; founded in truth; capable of being justified, defended, or supported; not weak or defective; sound; good; efficacious; <as>as, a <ex>valid</ex> argument; a <ex>valid</ex> objection</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>An answer that is open to no <qex>valid</qex> exception.</q> <rj><qau>I. Taylor.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Having legal strength or force; executed with the proper formalities; incapable of being rightfully overthrown or set aside; <as>as, a <ex>valid</ex> deed; a <ex>valid</ex> covenant; a <ex>valid</ex> instrument of any kind; a <ex>valid</ex> claim or title; a <ex>valid</ex> marriage</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><syn><b>Syn.</b> -- Prevalent; available; efficacious; just; good; weighty; sufficient; sound; well-grounded.</syn><br/>
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<p><hw>Val"i*date</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Valid</er>.]</ety> <def>To confirm; to render valid; to give legal force to.</def><br/>
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<p><q>The chamber of deputies . . . refusing to <qex>validate</qex> at once the election of an official candidate.</q> <rj><qau>London Spectator.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Val`i*da"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>validation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of giving validity.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>  <rj><au>Knowles.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Va*lid"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>validit&eacute;</ets>, L. <ets>validitas</ets> strength.]</ety><br/>
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<p><sn>1.</sn> <def>The quality or state of being valid; strength; force; especially, power to convince; justness; soundness; <as>as, the <ex>validity</ex> of an argument or proof; the <ex>validity</ex> of an objection</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Legal strength, force, or authority; that quality of a thing which renders it supportable in law, or equity; <as>as, the <ex>validity</ex> of a will; the <ex>validity</ex> of a contract, claim, or title</as>.</def><br/>
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<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>Value.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> &ldquo;Rich <xex>validity</xex>.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Shak.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Val"id*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a valid manner; so as to be valid.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Val"id*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state of being valid.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Val"inch</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>avaler</ets> to let down, drink up.  Cf. <er>Avalanche</er>.]</ety> <def>A tube for drawing liquors from a cask by the bunghole.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>velinche</asp>.]</altsp><br/>
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<p><hw>Va*lise"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>valise</ets>; cf. It. <ets>valigia</ets>, Sp. <ets>balija</ets>, LL. <ets>valisia</ets>, <ets>valesia</ets>; of uncertain origin, perhaps through (assumed) LL.  <ets>vidulitia</ets>, from L. <ets>vidulus</ets> a leathern trunk; a knapsack.]</ety> <def>A small sack or case, usually of leather, but sometimes of other material, for containing the clothes, toilet articles, etc., of a traveler; a traveling bag; a portmanteau.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Val*kyr"i*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Icel. <ets>valkyrja</ets> (akin to AS. <ets>w&aelig;lcyrie</ets>); <ets>valr</ets> the slain + <ets>kj&omacr;sa</ets> to choose. See <er>Valhalla</er>, and <er>Choose</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Scand. Myth.)</fld> <def>One of the maidens of Odin, represented as awful and beautiful, who presided over battle and marked out those who were to be slain, and who also ministered at the feasts of heroes in Valhalla.  Now commonly written <altname>Valkyrie</altname>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Valkyr</asp>, <asp>Valkyrie</asp>, <asp>Walkyrie</asp> and <asp>Walkyr</asp>.]</altsp><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source> <source>+PJC</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Val*kyr"i*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining to the Valkyries; hence, relating to battle.</def> &ldquo;Ourself have often tried <xex>Valkyrian</xex> hymns.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Tennyson.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Val*lan"cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From <er>Valance</er>.]</ety> <def>A large wig that shades the face.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
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<p><hw>Val"lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>vallaris</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a rampart.</def><br/>
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<p><cs><col><b>Vallar crown</b></col> <fld>(Rom. Antiq.)</fld>, <cd>a circular gold crown with palisades, bestowed upon the soldier who first surmounted the rampart and broke into the enemy's camp.</cd></cs><br/>
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<p><hw>Val"lar</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A vallar crown.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Val"la*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Same as <er>Vallar</er>.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Val*la"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>vallatio</ets>, fr. <ets>vallare</ets> to surround with a rampart, fr. <ets>vallum</ets> rampart. See <er>Wall</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>A rampart or intrenchment.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Val"la*to*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining to a vallation; used for a vallation; <as>as, <ex>vallatory</ex> reeds</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Sir T. Browne.</au></rj><br/>
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<p>&Verbar;<hw>Val*lec"u*la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu><it>pl.</it> <plw>Vallecul&aelig;</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[NL., dim. fr. L. <ets>vallis</ets>, <ets>valles</ets>, a valley.]</ety><br/>
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<p><sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A groove; a fossa; <as>as, the <ex>vallecula</ex>, or fossa, which separates the hemispheres of the cerebellum</as>.</def><br/>
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<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>One of the grooves, or hollows, between the ribs of the fruit of umbelliferous plants.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Val`let's pills"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[From Dr. <ets>Vallet</ets> of Paris.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Pills containing sulphate of iron and carbonate of sodium, mixed with saccharine matter; -- called also <altname>Vallet's mass</altname>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Val"ley</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu><it>pl.</it> <plw>Valleys</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[OE. <ets>vale</ets>, <ets>valeie</ets>, OF. <ets>val&eacute;e</ets>, <ets>valede</ets>, F. <ets>vall&eacute;e</ets>, LL. <ets>vallata</ets>, L. <ets>vallis</ets>, <ets>valles</ets>. See <er>Vale</er>.]</ety><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>1.</sn> <def>The space inclosed between ranges of hills or mountains; the strip of land at the bottom of the depressions intersecting a country, including usually the bed of a stream, with frequently broad alluvial plains on one or both sides of the stream. Also used figuratively.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>The <qex>valley</qex> of the shadow of death.</q> <rj><qau>Ps. xxiii. 4.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><q>Sweet interchange<br/>
Of hill and <qex>valley</qex>, rivers, woods, and plains.</q> <rj><qau>Milton.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><note>&hand_; Deep and narrow <xex>valleys</xex> with abrupt sides are usually the results of erosion by water, and are called <stype>gorges</stype>, <stype>ravines</stype>, <stype>ca&ntilde;ons</stype>, <stype>gulches</stype>, etc.</note><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The place of meeting of two slopes of a roof, which have their plates running in different directions, and form on the plan a re&euml;ntrant angle.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The depression formed by the meeting of two slopes on a flat roof.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Valley board</b></col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a board for the reception of the lead gutter in the valley of a roof. The valley board and lead gutter are not usual in the United States.</cd> -- <mcol><col><b>Valley rafter</b></col>, <it>or</it> <col><b>Valley piece</b></col></mcol> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>the rafter which supports the valley.</cd> -- <col><b>Valley roof</b></col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a roof having one or more valleys. See <er>Valley</er>, 2, above.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p>&Verbar;<hw>Val"lum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu><it>pl.</it> L.  <plw>Valla</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>, E. <plw>Vallums</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L. See <er>Wall</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Rom. Antiq.)</fld> <def>A rampart; a wall, as in a fortification.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Va*lo"ni*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It. <ets>vallonia</ets>, <ets>vallonea</ets>, fr. NGr. <grk>balania`</grk>, <grk>balanidia`</grk>, the holm oak, <grk>bala`ni</grk>, <grk>balani`di</grk>, an acorn, Gr. <grk>ba`lanos</grk>.]</ety><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>1.</sn> <def>The acorn cup of two kinds of oak (<spn>Quercus macrolepis</spn>, and <spn>Quercus vallonea</spn>) found in Eastern Europe. It contains an abundance of tannin, and is much used by tanners and dyers.</def><!-- ##sic. better "an abundance"? --><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <ety>[Perhaps named from its resemblance to an acorn.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of marine green alg&aelig;, in which the whole frond consists of a single oval or cylindrical cell, often an inch in length.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Val"or</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>valour</ets>, OF. <ets>valor</ets>, <ets>valur</ets>, <ets>valour</ets>, F. <ets>valeur</ets>, LL. <ets>valor</ets>, fr. L. <ets>valere</ets> to be strong, or worth. See <er>Valiant</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>valour</asp>.]</altsp><br/>
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<p><sn>1.</sn> <def>Value; worth.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> &ldquo;The <xex>valor</xex> of a penny.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Sir T. More.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Strength of mind in regard to danger; that quality which enables a man to encounter danger with firmness; personal bravery; courage; prowess; intrepidity.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>For contemplation he and <qex>valor</qex> formed.</q> <rj><qau>Milton.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><q>When <qex>valor</qex> preys on reason,<br/>
It eats the sword it fights with.</q> <rj><qau>Shak.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><q>Fear to do base, unworthy things is <qex>valor</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>B. Jonson.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>A brave man; a man of valor.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>  <rj><au>Ld. Lytton.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><syn><b>Syn.</b> -- Courage; heroism; bravery; gallantry; boldness; fearlessness. See <er>Courage</er>, and <er>Heroism</er>.</syn><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Val`or*i*za"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pg. <ets>valorizac&atilde;o</ets>.]</ety> <def>Act or process of attempting to give an arbitrary market value or price to a commodity by governmental interference, as by maintaining a purchasing fund, making loans to producers to enable them to hold their products, etc.; -- used chiefly of such action by Brazil.</def><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Val"or*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>valeureux</ets>, LL. <ets>valorosus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Possessing or exhibiting valor; brave; courageous; valiant; intrepid.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Val"or*ous*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Val*sal"vi*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining to <etsep>Valsalva</etsep>, an Italian anatomist of the 17th century.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Valsalvian experiment</b></col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>the process of inflating the middle ear by closing the mouth and nostrils, and blowing so as to puff out the cheeks.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Val"u*a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Having value or worth; possessing qualities which are useful and esteemed; precious; costly; <as>as, a <ex>valuable</ex> horse; <ex>valuable</ex> land; a <ex>valuable</ex> cargo.</as></def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Worthy; estimable; deserving esteem; <as>as, a <ex>valuable</ex> friend; a <ex>valuable</ex> companion.</as></def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Valuable consideration</b></col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>an equivalent or compensation having value given for a thing purchased, as money, marriage, services, etc.</cd>  <rj><au>Blackstone.</au>   <au>Bouvier.</au></rj></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Val"u*a*ble</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A precious possession; a thing of value, especially a small thing, as an article of jewelry; -- used mostly in the plural.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>The food and <qex>valuables</qex> they offer to the gods.</q> <rj><qau>Tylor.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Val"u*a*ble*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of being valuable.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Val"u*a*bly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>So as to be of value.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Val`u*a"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of valuing, or of estimating value or worth; the act of setting a price; estimation; appraisement; <as>as, a <ex>valuation</ex> of lands for the purpose of taxation</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Value set upon a thing; estimated value or worth; <as>as, the goods sold for more than their <ex>valuation</ex></as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Since of your lives you set<br/>
So slight a <qex>valuation</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Shak.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Val"u*a`tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who assesses, or sets a value on, anything; an appraiser.</def>  <rj><au>Swift.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Val"ue</hw> <pr>(v&abreve;l"&umacr;)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF. <ets>value</ets>, fr. <ets>valoir</ets>, p. p. <ets>valu</ets>, to be worth, fr. L. <ets>valere</ets> to be strong, to be worth. See <er>Valiant</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The property or aggregate properties of a thing by which it is rendered useful or desirable, or the degree of such property or sum of properties; worth; excellence; utility; importance.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><!-- p. 1593 pr=PI --><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Ye are all physicians of no <qex>value</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Job xiii. 4.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Ye are of more <qex>value</qex> than many sparrows.</q> <rj><qau>Matt. x. 31.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>C&aelig;sar is well acquainted with your virtue,<br/>
And therefore sets this <qex>value</qex> on your life.</q> <rj><qau>Addison.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Before events shall have decided on the <qex>value</qex> of the measures.</q> <rj><qau>Marshall.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Trade &amp; Polit. Econ.)</fld> <def>Worth estimated by any standard of purchasing power, especially by the market price, or the amount of money agreed upon as an equivalent to the utility and cost of anything.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>An article may be possessed of the highest degree of utility, or power to minister to our wants and enjoyments, and may be universally made use of, without possessing exchangeable <qex>value</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>M'Culloch.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q><qex>Value</qex> is the power to command commodities generally.</q> <rj><qau>A. L. Chapin (Johnson's Cys.).</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q><qex>Value</qex> is the generic term which expresses power in exchange.</q> <rj><qau>F. A. Walker.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>His design was not to pay him the <qex>value</qex> of his pictures, because they were above any price.</q> <rj><qau>Dryden.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><note>&hand_; In political economy, <xex>value</xex> is often distinguished as <xex>intrinsic</xex> and <xex>exchangeable</xex>. <xex>Intrinsic value</xex> is the same as utility or adaptation to satisfy the desires or wants of men. <xex>Exchangeable value</xex> is that in an article or product which disposes individuals to give for it some quantity of labor, or some other article or product obtainable by labor; as, pure air has an <xex>intrinsic value</xex>, but generally not an <xex>exchangeable value</xex>.</note><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>Precise signification; import; <as>as, the <ex>value</ex> of a word; the <ex>value</ex> of a legal instrument</as></def>  <rj><au>Mitford.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>4.</sn> <def>Esteem; regard.</def>  <rj><au>Dryden.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>My relation to the person was so near, and my <qex>value</qex> for him so great</q> <rj><qau>Bp. Burnet.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The relative length or duration of a tone or note, answering to <xex>quantity</xex> in prosody; thus, a quarter note [&unr_;] has the <xex>value</xex> of two eighth notes [&unr_;].</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>6.</sn> <def>In an artistical composition, the character of any one part in its relation to other parts and to the whole; -- often used in the plural; <as>as, the <ex>values</ex> are well given, or well maintained</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>7.</sn> <def>Valor.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>valew</asp>.]</altsp> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Spenser.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>8.</sn> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>That property of a color by which it is distinguished as bright or dark; luminosity.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Degree of lightness as conditioned by the presence of white or pale color, or their opposites.</def><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><sn>9.</sn>  <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>Any particular quantitative determination; <as>as, a function's <ex>value</ex> for some special value of its argument</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><sn>10.</sn>  [<pluf>pl.</pluf>] <def>The valuable ingredients to be obtained by treatment from any mass or compound; specif., the precious metals contained in rock, gravel, or the like; <as>as, the vein carries good <ex>values</ex>; the <ex>values</ex> on the hanging walls</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Value received</b></col>, <cd>a phrase usually employed in a bill of exchange or a promissory note, to denote that a consideration has been given for it.</cd>  <rj><au>Bouvier.</au></rj></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Val"ue</hw> <pr>(v&abreve;l"&umacr;)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Valued</conjf> <pr>(v&abreve;l"&umacr;d)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Valuing</conjf>.]</vmorph><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>1.</sn> <def>To estimate the value, or worth, of; to rate at a certain price; to appraise; to reckon with respect to number, power, importance, etc.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>The mind doth <qex>value</qex> every moment.</q> <rj><qau>Bacon.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><q>The queen is <qex>valued</qex> thirty thousand strong.</q> <rj><qau>Shak.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><q>The king must take it ill,<br/>
That he's so slightly <qex>valued</qex> in his messenger.</q> <rj><qau>Shak.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Neither of them <qex>valued</qex> their promises according to rules of honor or integrity.</q> <rj><qau>Clarendon.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To rate highly; to have in high esteem; to hold in respect and estimation; to appreciate; to prize; <as>as, to <ex>value</ex> one for his works or his virtues</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Which of the dukes he <qex>values</qex> most.</q> <rj><qau>Shak.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>To raise to estimation; to cause to have value, either real or apparent; to enhance in value.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Some <qex>value</qex> themselves to their country by jealousies of the crown.</q> <rj><qau>Sir W. Temple.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>4.</sn> <def>To be worth; to be equal to in value.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>The peace between the French and us not <qex>values</qex><br/>
The cost that did conclude it.</q> <rj><qau>Shak.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><syn><b>Syn.</b> -- To compute; rate; appraise; esteem; respect; regard; estimate; prize; appreciate.</syn><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Val"ued</hw> <pr>(v&abreve;l"&umacr;d)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Highly regarded; esteemed; prized; <as>as, a <ex>valued</ex> contributor; a <ex>valued</ex> friend</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Val"ued pol"i*cy</hw>. <fld>(Fire Insurance)</fld> <def>A policy in which the value of the goods, property, or interest insured is specified; -- opposed to <contr>open policy</contr>.</def><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Valued-policy law</hw>. <fld>(Fire Insurance)</fld> <def>A law requiring insurance companies to pay to the insured, in case of total loss, the full amount of the insurance, regardless of the actual value of the property at the time of the loss.</def><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Val"ue*less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Being of no value; having no worth.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Val"u*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who values; an appraiser.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Val"ure</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Value.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Ld. Berners.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><mhw>{ <hw>Valv"al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Valv"ar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Valvular.</def><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Val"va*sor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Feud. Law)</fld> <def>See <er>Vavasor</er>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p>&Verbar;<hw>Val*va"ta</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.; cf. L. <ets>valvatus</ets> having folding doors. See <er>Valve</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>A genus of small spiral fresh-water gastropods having an operculum.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Valv"ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>valvatus</ets> having folding doors.]</ety><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>1.</sn> <def>Resembling, or serving as, a valve; consisting of, or opening by, a valve or valves; valvular.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Meeting at the edges without overlapping; -- said of the sepals or the petals of flowers in &aelig;stivation, and of leaves in vernation.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Opening as if by doors or valves, as most kinds of capsules and some anthers.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Valve</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>valva</ets> the leaf, fold, or valve of a door: cf. F. <ets>valve</ets>.]</ety><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>1.</sn> <def>A door; especially, one of a pair of folding doors, or one of the leaves of such a door.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Swift through the <qex>valves</qex> the visionary fair<br/>
Repassed.</q> <rj><qau>Pope.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Heavily closed, . . . the <qex>valves</qex> of the barn doors.</q> <rj><qau>Longfellow.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>A lid, plug, or cover, applied to an aperture so that by its movement, as by swinging, lifting and falling, sliding, turning, or the like, it will open or close the aperture to permit or prevent passage, as of a fluid.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><note>&hand_; A <xex>valve</xex> may act automatically so as to be opened by the effort of a fluid to pass in one direction, and closed by the effort to pass in the other direction, as a <xex>clack valve</xex>; or it may be opened or closed by hand or by mechanism, as a <xex>screw valve</xex>, or a <xex>slide valve</xex>.</note><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>One or more membranous partitions, flaps, or folds, which permit the passage of the contents of a vessel or cavity in one direction, but stop or retard the flow in the opposite direction; <as>as, the ileocolic, mitral, and semilunar <ex>valves</ex></as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One of the pieces into which a capsule naturally separates when it bursts.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One of the two similar portions of the shell of a diatom.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A small portion of certain anthers, which opens like a trapdoor to allow the pollen to escape, as in the barberry.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>One of the pieces or divisions of bivalve or multivalve shells.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><mcol><col><b>Air valve</b></col>, <col><b>Ball valve</b></col>, <col><b>Check valve</b></col></mcol>, <cd>etc. See under <er>Air</er>. <er>Ball</er>, <er>Check</er>, etc.</cd> -- <col><b>Double-beat valve</b></col>, <cd>a kind of balance valve usually consisting of a movable, open-ended, turban-shaped shell provided with two faces of nearly equal diameters, one above another, which rest upon two corresponding seats when the valve is closed.</cd> -- <col><b>Equilibrium valve</b></col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A balance valve. See under <er>Balance</er>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A valve for permitting air, steam, water, etc., to pass into or out of a chamber so as to establish or maintain equal pressure within and without.</cd> -- <col><b>Valve chest</b></col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>a chamber in which a valve works; especially <fld>(Steam Engine)</fld>, the steam chest; -- called in England <altname>valve box</altname>, and <altname>valve casing</altname>. See <cref>Steam chest</cref>, under <er>Steam</er>.</cd> -- <col><b>Valve face</b></col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>that part of the surface of a valve which comes in contact with the <cref>valve seat</cref>.</cd> -- <mcol><col><b>Valve gear</b></col>, <it>or</it> <col><b>Valve motion</b></col></mcol> <fld>(Steam Engine)</fld>, <cd>the system of parts by which motion is given to the valve or valves for the distribution of steam in the cylinder.  For an illustration of one form of <ex>valve gear</ex>, see <er>Link motion</er>.</cd> -- <col><b>Valve seat</b></col>. <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The fixed surface on which a valve rests or against which it presses.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A part or piece on which such a surface is formed.</cd> -- <col><b>Valve stem</b></col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>a rod attached to a valve, for moving it.</cd> -- <col><b>Valve yoke</b></col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>a strap embracing a slide valve and connecting it to the valve stem.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Valved</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having a valve or valves; valvate.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Valve"let</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A little valve; a valvule; especially, one of the pieces which compose the outer covering of a pericarp.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Valve"-shell`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>Any fresh-water gastropod of the genus <gen>Valvata</gen>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p>&Verbar;<hw>Val"vu*la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu><it>pl.</it> <plw>Valvul&aelig;</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[NL., dim. fr. L. <ets>valva</ets> fold, valve of a door.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A little valve or fold; a valvelet; a valvule.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Valv"u*lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>valvulaire</ets>.]</ety><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to a valve or valves; specifically <fld>(Med.)</fld>, of or pertaining to the valves of the heart; <as>as, <ex>valvular</ex> disease</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Containing valves; serving as a valve; opening by valves; valvate; <as>as, a <ex>valvular</ex> capsule</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Valv"ule</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>valvule</ets>.]</ety><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>1.</sn> <def>A little valve; a valvelet.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>A small valvelike process.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Val"yl*ene</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[<ets>Vale</ets>rian + <ets>-yl</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A volatile liquid hydrocarbon, <chform>C5H6</chform>, related to ethylene and acetylene, but possessing the property of unsaturation in the third degree.  It is the only known member of a distinct series of compounds.  It has a garlic odor.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Vam"brace</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Vantbrass</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anc. Armor)</fld> <def>The piece designed to protect the arm from the elbow to the wrist.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>va*moose"</hw> <pr>(v&abreve;*m&oomacr_;s")</pr>, <pos>v. i. &amp; t.</pos> <ety>[Sp. <ets>vamos</ets> let us go.]</ety> <def>To depart quickly; to depart from.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>vamos</asp>, and <asp>vamose</asp>.]</altsp> <mark>[Slang, Eng. &amp; U. S.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source> <source>+PJC</source>]</p>

<p><hw>va*mose"</hw> <pr>(v&adot_;*m&omacr;s")</pr>, <pos>v. i. &amp; t.</pos> <ety>[Sp. <ets>vamos</ets> let us go.]</ety> <def>To vamoose; -- an older spelling and pronunciation variant.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>vamos</asp>, and <asp>vamoose</asp>.]</altsp> <mark>[Slang, Eng. &amp; U. S.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source> <source>+PJC</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Vamp</hw> <pr>(v&abreve;mp)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To advance; to travel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Vamp</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>vampe</ets>, <ets>vaumpe</ets>, <ets>vauntpe</ets>, F. <ets>avantpied</ets> the forefoot, vamp; <ets>avant</ets> before, fore + <ets>pied</ets> foot, L. <ets>pes</ets>. See <er>Advance</er>, <er>Van</er> of an army, and <er>Foot</er>.]</ety>  <sn>1.</sn> <def>The part of a boot or shoe above the sole and welt, and in front of the ankle seam; an upper.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Any piece added to an old thing to give it a new appearance. See <er>Vamp</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos></def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Music)</fld> <def>A usually improvized Jazz accompaniment, consisting of simple chords in sucession.</def><br/>
[<source>PJC</source>]</p>

<p><hw>vamp</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A woman who seduces men with her charm and wiles, in order to exploit them.</def><br/>
[<source>PJC</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Vamp</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Vamped</conjf> <pr>(?; 215)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Vamping</conjf>.]</vmorph> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To provide, as a shoe, with new upper leather; hence, to to piece, as any old thing, with a new part; to repair; to patch; -- often followed by <ptcl>up</ptcl>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>I had never much hopes of your <qex>vamped</qex> play.</q> <rj><qau>Swift.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To create with little skill; to concoct; to invent; -- usually with <ptcl>up</ptcl>; <as>as, he <ex>vamped</ex> up an implausible excuse</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>PJC</source>]</p>

<p><hw>vamp</hw>, <pos>v. t. &amp; i.</pos> <def>To seduce (a man) sexually for purpose of exploitation.</def><br/>
[<source>PJC</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Vamp"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who vamps; one who pieces an old thing with something new; a cobbler.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Same as 2nd <er>vamp</er>, <pos>n.</pos></def><br/>
[<source>PJC</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Vamp"er</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Cf. <er>Vaunt</er>.]</ety> <def>To swagger; to make an ostentatious show.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng. &amp; Scot.]</mark>  <rj><au>Jamieson.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Vam"pire</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>vampire</ets> (cf. It. <ets>vampiro</ets>, G. &amp; D. <ets>vampir</ets>), fr. Servian <ets>vampir</ets>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>vampyre</asp>.]</altsp>  <sn>1.</sn> <def>A blood-sucking ghost; a soul of a dead person superstitiously believed to come from the grave and wander about by night sucking the blood of persons asleep, thus causing their death.  This superstition was once prevalent in parts of Eastern Europe, and was especially current in Hungary about the year 1730.  The <ex>vampire</ex> was often said to have the ability to transform itself into the form of a bat, as presented in the novel depicting the legend of <persfn>Dracula</persfn> published by <person>Bram Stoker</person> in 1897, which has inspired several movies.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source> + <source>PJC</source>]</p>

<p><q>The persons who turn <qex>vampires</qex> are generally wizards, witches, suicides, and persons who have come to a violent end, or have been cursed by their parents or by the church,</q> <rj><qau>Encyc. Brit.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Fig.: One who lives by preying on others; an extortioner; a bloodsucker.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>Either one of two or more species of South American blood-sucking bats belonging to the genera <gen>Desmodus</gen> and <gen>Diphylla</gen>; also called <altname>vampire bat</altname>.  These bats are destitute of molar teeth, but have strong, sharp cutting incisors with which they make punctured wounds from which they suck the blood of horses, cattle, and other animals, as well as man, chiefly during sleep. They have a c&aelig;cal appendage to the stomach, in which the blood with which they gorge themselves is stored.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>Any one of several species of harmless tropical American bats of the genus <gen>Vampyrus</gen>, especially <spn>Vampyrus spectrum</spn>.  These bats feed upon insects and fruit, but were formerly erroneously supposed to suck the blood of man and animals. Called also <altname>false vampire</altname>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Vampire bat</b></col> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld>, <cd>a vampire, 3.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><!-- illustr.  Head of False Vampire. (Vampyrus spectrum) --><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Vam"pir*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>vampirisme</ets>.]</ety><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>1.</sn> <def>Belief in the existence of vampires.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>The actions of a vampire; the practice of bloodsucking.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>Fig.: The practice of extortion.</def>  <rj><au>Carlyle.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Vam"plate`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>avant</ets> before, fore + E. <ets>plate</ets>.]</ety> <def>A round plate of iron on the shaft of a tilting spear, to protect the hand.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>vamplet</asp>.]</altsp><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Va"mure</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See <er>Vauntmure</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Van</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Abbrev. fr. <ets>vanguard</ets>.]</ety> <def>The front of an army; the first line or leading column; also, the front line or foremost division of a fleet, either in sailing or in battle.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>Standards and gonfalons, twixt <qex>van</qex> and rear,<br/>
Stream in the air.</q> <rj><qau>Milton.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Van</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cornish.]</ety> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A shovel used in cleansing ore.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Van</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>To wash or cleanse, as a small portion of ore, on a shovel.</def>  <rj><au>Raymond.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Van</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Abbreviated from <ets>caravan</ets>.]</ety><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>1.</sn> <def>A light wagon, either covered or open, used by tradesmen and others for the transportation of goods.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>A large covered wagon for moving furniture, etc., also for conveying wild beasts, etc., for exhibition.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>3.</sn> <def>A closed railway car for baggage. See the Note under <er>Car</er>, 2.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Van</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>vannus</ets> a van, or fan for winnowing grain: cf. F. <ets>van</ets>.   Cf. <er>Fan</er>, <er>Van</er> a wing <er>Winnow</er>.]</ety><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>1.</sn> <def>A fan or other contrivance, as a sieve, for winnowing grain.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <ety>[OF. <ets>vanne</ets>, F. <ets>vanneau</ets> beam feather (cf. It. <ets>vanno</ets> a wing) fr. L. <ets>vannus</ets>. See Etymology above.]</ety> <def>A wing with which the air is beaten.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark> &ldquo;[/Angels] on their plumy <xex>vans</xex> received him. &rdquo;  <rj><au>Milton.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>He wheeled in air, and stretched his <qex>vans</qex> in vain;<br/>
His <qex>vans</qex> no longer could his flight sustain.</q> <rj><qau>Dryden.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Van</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>vanner</ets> to winnow, to fan. See <er>Van</er> a winnowing machine.]</ety> <def>To fan, or to cleanse by fanning; to winnow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <rj><au>Bacon.</au></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Van"a*date</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>vanadate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of vanadic acid.</def> <altsp>[Formerly also <asp>vanadiate</asp>.]</altsp><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Va*nad"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or obtained from, vanadium; containing vanadium; specifically, designating those compounds in which vanadium has a relatively higher valence as contrasted with the <contr>vanadous</contr> compounds; <as>as, <ex>vanadic</ex> oxide</as>.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Vanadic acid</b></col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>an acid analogous to phosphoric acid, not known in the free state but forming a well-known series of salts.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Va*nad"i*nite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral occurring in yellowish, brownish, and ruby-red hexagonal crystals.  It consists of lead vanadate with a small proportion of lead chloride.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Va*na"di*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or containing, vanadium; specifically, designating those compounds in which vanadium has a lower valence as contrasted with the <contr>vanadic</contr> compounds; <as>as, <ex>vanadious</ex> acid</as>.  Usually written <altname>vanadous</altname>.</def> <altsp>[Sometimes written also <asp>vanadous</asp>.]</altsp><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Van"a*dite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of vanadious acid, analogous to a nitrite or a phosphite.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Va*na"di*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr. Icel. <ets>Vanad&imacr;s</ets>, a surname of the Scandinavian goddess Freya.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A rare element of the nitrogen-phosphorus group, found combined, in vanadates, in certain minerals, and reduced as an infusible, grayish-white metallic powder. It is intermediate between the metals and the non-metals, having both basic and acid properties. Symbol V (or Vd, rarely). Atomic weight 50.94 (C12=12.000).</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source> <source>+PJC</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Va*na"di*um bronze`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A yellow pigment consisting of a compound of vanadium.</def><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Van"a*dous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to vanadium; obtained from vanadium; -- said of an acid containing one equivalent of vanadium and two of oxygen; specifically, designating those compounds in which vanadium has a lower valence as contrasted with the <contr>vanadic</contr> compounds; <as>as, <ex>vanadous</ex> acid</as></def> <altsp>[Sometimes written also <asp>vanadious</asp>.]</altsp>.<br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source> <source>+PJC</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Van"a*dyl</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[<ets>Vanad</ets>ium + <ets>-yl</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The hypothetical radical <chform>VO</chform>, regarded as a characteristic residue of certain vanadium compounds.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Van"-cou`ri*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>avant-courrier</ets>.  See <er>Avant</er>, <er>Van</er> of an army, and <er>Courier</er>, and cf. <er>Avant-courier</er>, <er>Vaunt-courier</er>.]</ety> <def>One sent in advance; an avant-courier; a precursor.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Van"dal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>Vandalus</ets>, <ets>Vandalius</ets>; of Teutonic origin, and probably originally signifying, a wanderer.  Cf. <er>Wander</er>.]</ety><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Anc. Hist.)</fld> <def>One of a Teutonic race, formerly dwelling on the south shore of the Baltic, the most barbarous and fierce of the northern nations that plundered Rome in the 5th century, notorious for destroying the monuments of art and literature.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, one who willfully destroys or defaces any work of art or literature, or anything valluable.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><q>The <qex>Vandals</qex> of our isle,<br/>
Sworn foes to sense and law.</q> <rj><qau>Cowper.</qau></rj><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><mhw>{ <hw>Van"dal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Van*dal"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining to the Vandals; resembling the Vandals in barbarism and destructiveness.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Van"dal*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The spirit or conduct of the Vandals; ferocious cruelty; hostility to the arts and literature, or willful destruction or defacement of any object of beauty or value.</def><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Van*dyke"</hw> <pr>(v&abreve;n*d&imacr;k")</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining to the style of <persfn>Vandyke</persfn> the painter; used or represented by <persfn>Vandyke</persfn>.</def> &ldquo;His <xex>Vandyke</xex> dress.&rdquo; <au>Macaulay.</au> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Vandyck</asp>.]</altsp><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><cs><col><b>Vandyke brown</b></col> <fld>(Paint.)</fld>, <cd>a pigment of a deep semitransparent brown color, supposed to be the color used by <persfn>Vandyke</persfn> in his pictures.</cd> -- <mcol><col><b>Vandyke collar</b></col> <it>or</it> <col><b>Vandyke cape</b></col></mcol>, <cd>a broad collar or cape of linen and lace with a deep pointed or scalloped edge, worn lying on the shoulders; -- so called from its appearance in pictures by <persfn>Vandyke</persfn>.</cd> -- <col><b>Vandyke edge</b></col>, <cd>an edge having ornamental triangular points.</cd></cs><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Van*dyke"</hw>, <pos>prop. n.</pos> <def>A picture by <persfn>Vandyke</persfn>.  Also, a Vandyke collar, or a Vandyke edge.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Vandyck</asp>.]</altsp><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Van*dyke"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To fit or furnish with a Vandyke; to form with points or scallops like a Vandyke.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Vandyck</asp>.]</altsp><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Van*dyke" beard`</hw>. <def>A trim, pointed beard, such as those often seen in pictures by <etsep>Vandyke</etsep>.</def><br/>
[<source>Webster 1913 Suppl.</source>]</p>

<p><hw>Vane</hw> <pr>(v&amacr;n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. &amp; Prov. E. <ets>fane</ets> weathercock, banner, AS. <ets>fana</ets> a banner, flag; akin to D. <ets>vaan</ets>, G. <ets>fahne</ets>, OHG. <ets>fano</ets> cloth, gund <ets>fano</ets> flag, Icel. <ets>f&amacr;ni</ets>, Sw. <ets>fana</ets>, Dan. <ets>fane</ets>, Goth. <ets>fana</ets> cloth, L. <ets>pannus</ets>, and perhaps to Gr. <grk>ph^nos</grk> a web, <grk>phni`on</grk> a bobbin, spool.  Cf. <er>Fanon</er>, <er>Pane</er> a compartment, panel.]</ety><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><!-- p. 1594 pr=PI --><br/>
[<source>1913 Webster</source>]</p>

<p><sn>1.</sn> <def>A contrivance attached to some elevated object for the purpose of showing which way the wind blows; a weathercock.  It is usually a plate or strip of metal, or slip of wood, often cut into some fanciful form, and placed upon a perpendicular axis around which it moves freely.</def><br/>
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<p><q>Aye undiscreet, and changing as a <qex>vane</qex>.</q> <rj><qau>Chaucer.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>Any flat, extended surface attached to an axis and moved by the wind; <as>as, the <ex>vane</ex> of a windmill</as>; hence, a similar fixture of any form moved in or by water, air, or other fluid; <as>as, the <ex>vane</ex> of a screw propeller, a fan blower, an anemometer, etc</as>.</def><br/>
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<p><sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>The rhachis and web of a feather taken together.</def><br/>
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<p><sn>4.</sn> <def>One of the sights of a compass, quadrant, etc.</def><br/>
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<p><cs><col><b>Vane of a leveling staff</b></col>. <fld>(Surv.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Target</er>, 3.</cd></cs><br/>
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<p>&Verbar;<hw>Van*es"sa</hw> <pr>(v&abreve;n*&ebreve_;s"s&adot_;)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Probably from Swift's poem of Cadenus and <etsep>Vanessa</etsep>. See <er>Vanessa</er>, in the Dictionary of Noted Names in Fiction.]</ety> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>Any one of numerous species of handsomely colored butterflies belonging to <gen>Vanessa</gen> and allied genera. Many of these species have the edges of the wings irregularly scalloped.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Van*es"si*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>A vanessa.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Van"foss`</hw> <pr>(v&abreve;n"f&obreve_;s`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>avant-foss&eacute;</ets>; <ets>avant</ets> before + <ets>foss&eacute;</ets> ditch.  Cf. <er>Fosse</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>A ditch on the outside of the counterscarp, usually full of water.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Vang</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[D. <ets>vangen</ets> to catch, seize. See <er>Fang</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A rope to steady the peak of a gaff.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Van"glo</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Benne (<spn>Sesamum orientale</spn>); also, its seeds; -- so called in the West Indies.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Van"guard`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[For <ets>vantguard</ets>, <ets>avantguard</ets>, F. <ets>avant-garde</ets>; <ets>avant</ets> before, fore + <ets>garde</ets> guard. See <er>Avant</er>, <er>Ab-</er>,<er>Ante-</er>, and <er>Guard</er>, and cf. <er>Advance</er>, <er>Vamp</er>, <er>Van</er> of an army, <er>Vaward</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>The troops who march in front of an army; the advance guard; the van.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Va*nil"la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr. Sp. <ets>vainilla</ets>, dim. of Sp. <ets>vaina</ets> a sheath, a pod, L. <ets>vagina</ets>; because its grains, or seeds, are contained in little pods.]</ety><br/>
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<p><sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of climbing orchidaceous plants, natives of tropical America.</def><br/>
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<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>The long podlike capsules of <spn>Vanilla planifolia</spn>, and <spn>Vanilla claviculata</spn>, remarkable for their delicate and agreeable odor, for the volatile, odoriferous oil extracted from them; also, the flavoring extract made from the capsules, extensively used in confectionery, perfumery, etc.</def><br/>
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<p><note>&hand_; As a medicine, <xex>vanilla</xex> is supposed to possess powers analogous to valerian, while, at the same time, it is far more grateful.</note><br/>
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<p><cs><col><b>Cuban vanilla</b></col>, <cd>a sweet-scented West Indian composite shrub (<spn>Eupatorium Dalea</spn>).</cd> -- <col><b>Vanilla bean</b></col>, <cd>the long capsule of the vanilla plant.</cd> -- <col><b>Vanilla grass</b></col>. <cd>Same as <cref>Holy grass</cref>, under <er>Holy</er>.</cd></cs><br/>
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<p><hw>Va*nil"late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of vanillic acid.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Va*nil"lic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, vanilla or vanillin; resembling vanillin; specifically, designating an alcohol and an acid respectively, vanillin being the intermediate aldehyde.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Va*nil"lin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white crystalline aldehyde having a burning taste and characteristic odor of vanilla. It is extracted from vanilla pods, and is also obtained by the decomposition of coniferin, and by the oxidation of eugenol.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Va*nil"loes</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <def>An inferior kind of vanilla, the pods of <spn>Vanilla Pompona</spn>.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Va*nil"lyl</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[<ets>Vanill</ets>ic + <ets>-yl</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The hypothetical radical characteristic of vanillic alcohol.</def><br/>
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<p><hw>Va*nil"o*quence</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>vaniloquentia</ets>; <ets>vanus</ets> vain + <ets>loquentia</ets> talk, <ets>loqui</ets> to speak.]</ety> <def>Vain or foolish talk.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
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<p><hw>Va*nil"o*quent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Talking foolishly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><br/>
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<p><hw>Van"ish</hw> <pr>(v&abreve;n"&ibreve_;sh)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <vmorph>[<pos>imp. &amp; p. p.</pos> <conjf>Vanished</conjf> <pr>(v&abreve;n"&ibreve_;sht)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &amp; vb. n.</pos> <conjf>Vanishing</conjf>.]</vmorph> <ety>[OE. <ets>vanissen</ets>, OF. <ets>vanir</ets> (in comp.): cf. OF. <ets>envanir</ets>, <ets>esvanir</ets>, <ets>esvanu&iuml;r</ets>, F. <ets>s'&eacute;vanouir</ets>; fr. L. <ets>vanus</ets> empty, vain; cf. L. <ets>vanescere</ets>, <ets>evanescere</ets>, to vanish. See <er>Vain</er>, and cf. <er>Evanescent</er>,<er>-ish</er>.]</ety><br/>
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<p><sn>1.</sn> <def>To pass from a visible to an invisible state; to go out of sight; to disappear; to fade; <as>as, vapor <ex>vanishes</ex> from the sight by being dissipated; a ship <ex>vanishes</ex> from the sight of spectators on land</as>.</def><br/>
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<p><q>The horse <qex>vanished</qex> . . . out of sight.</q> <rj><qau>Chaucer.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><q>Go; <qex>vanish</qex> into air; away!</q> <rj><qau>Shak.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><q>The champions <qex>vanished</qex> from their posts with the speed of lightning.</q> <rj><qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><q>Gliding from the twilight past to <qex>vanish</qex> among realities.</q> <rj><qau>Hawthorne.</qau></rj><br/>
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<p><sn>2.</sn> <def>To be annihilated or lost; to pass away.</def> &ldquo;All these delights will <xex>vanish</xex>.&rdquo;  <rj><au>Milton.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><hw>Van"ish</hw> <pr>(v&abreve;n"&ibreve_;sh)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Phon.)</fld> <def>The brief terminal part of a vowel or vocal element, differing more or less in quality from the main part; <as>as, <ex>a</ex> as in <ex>ale</ex> ordinarily ends with a <ex>vanish</ex> of <ex>i</ex> as in <ex>ill</ex>, <ex>o</ex> as in <ex>old</ex> with a vanish of <ex>oo</ex> as in <ex>foot</ex></as>.</def>  <rj><au>Rush.</au></rj><br/>
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<p><note>&hand_; The <xex>vanish</xex> is included by Mr. Bell under the general term <xex>glide</xex>.</note><br/>
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<p><hw>Van"ish*ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>a. &amp; n.</pos> from <er>Vanish</er>, <pos>v.</pos></def><br/>
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<p><cs><col><b>Vanishing fraction</b></col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>a fraction which reduces to the form <frac>0/0</frac> for a particular value of the variable which enters it, usually in consequence of the existence of a common factor in both terms of the fraction, which factor becomes 0 for th