Other Greek writings of the New Testament era, including papyri and inscriptions
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Please quote the Greek text you are discussing directly in your post if it is reasonably short - do not ask people to look it up. This is not a beginner's forum, competence in Greek is assumed.
Ταῦτα"These things (which have just been mentioned)" - we need to supply a verb of speaking to this - perhaps εἶπεν "he said"
τοιαῦτα "such things as these (like the ones already mentioned)" - perhaps there were other claims that Dorco made about Daphnis that were not included in the story as it was told to us, but if there were, they would be similar / along the same lines as the ones already made.
μετὰ ταῦτα ὁ Δάφνις "After these things Daphnis" - we need to supply a verb of speaking to this - perhaps εἶπεν "he said"
Ἐμὲ αἲξ ἀνέθρεψεν "a (nanny) goat raised me (nourished me)" - ἀνατρέφειν is the dictionary form of this word - Acts 7:20 says Μωσῆς ... ἀνετράφη μῆνας τρεῖς ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ τοῦ πατρός. "Moses was nourished in his father's house for 3 months".
ὥσπερ τὸν Δία: - "like (a goat raised) Jupiter". The τὸν Δία is an accusative like Ἐμὲ in the previous phrase, so we can take the previous phrase Ἐμὲ αἲξ ἀνέθρεψεν remove the Ἐμὲ and add the τὸν Δία, giving αἲξ τὸν Δία ἀνέθρεψεν.
τῶν τούτου βοῶν - "than the goats of this fellow". This genitive is a genitive of comparison, and it goes with the following word μείζονας, so let's consider that first.
μείζονας "greater", "taller", "bigger", "more impressive" - this word agrees with τράγους in number and case (accusative plural) and it has the range of meanings that I've listed. What it can not mean is "more" which is expressed by πλείονας, the comparative of πολύς "much".
τράγους τῶν τούτου βοῶν μείζονας "bigger / more impressive goats than the cattle of this guy". If he wanted to say "I tend more goats than this guy's cattle", he would have said, τράγους τῶν τούτου βοῶν πλείονας, but of course he didn't.
ἀπ̓ αὐτῶν "from them", in fact just the genitive would be enough for this, but having the ἀπό in front of it stresses the fact that the smell would not be from him himself, but from the goats.
μηδὲ - "neither (did)".
ὁ Πάν "Pan", one of the minor Greek dieties, pictures as being somewhat like a goat. The genitive of Πάν is Πανός.
καίτοιγε "and indeed"
ὢν "being" this agrees in number and case with ὁ Πάν "Pan" (singular and nominative)
τὸ πλέον τράγος "a higher degree of a goat", "more than a goat"
Longus, Daphnis & Chloe, Book 1, Chapter 16, section 4 (first part) - text and helps
Daphnis talks about his satisfaction with the simple rustic life that he leads.
Longus, Daphnis & Chloe, Book 1, Chapter 16, section 4 (final part) - text and helps
Daphnis brings attention to the good associations with his appearance.
Longus, Daphnis & Chloe, Book 1, Chapter 16, section 5 (first part) - text and helps
Daphnis takes the opportunity to comment and make some negative associations with Dorco's appearance.