Apollonius Dyscolus help
Posted: April 26th, 2021, 10:08 am
I am working through a passage from "De compositione" from grammarian Apollonius Dyscolus who probably lived somewhere in the second century (AD). I'm unsure of these sentence constructions and any insights would be helpful. (This not any sort of homework, test or assignment)
Ἡ δὲ προκειμένη σύνταξις, κἂν σωματικῶς τὰ τῆς ἐνεργείας σημαίνῃ κἂν ἔτι ψυχικῶς, ὡς εἴπομεν, μιᾶς καὶ τῆς αὐτῆς συντάξεως ἔχεται.
The proposed (?) syntax, also if the activity it signifies is physical also if yet psychological, it has one and the same (?) syntax as we said.
καὶ ἐπεὶ πολλαχῶς ἔστι τὸ διατίθεσθαι, πλεῖστοι καὶ τρόποι παρακολουθήσουσι τῶν ῥημάτων κατὰ τὰς ἰδιότητας τῶν ἐνεργειῶν. – 160. εἰσὶ μὲν γὰρ σωματικαὶ διαθέσεις αἱ τοιαῦται,
And since the arranging is in many ways, most of ways follow from the verbs according to the individual nature of the actions. For those related to physical (bodily) actions have arrangement such as these:
<τρίβω σε, νίπτω σε, ῥήσσω σε, ἕλκω σε, βιάζομαι, χαλῶ, γυμνάζω, νύσσω, κνήθω, ξύω, σμῶ, βρέχω, τύπτω, παίω, λούω, δεσμεύω, λύω, πλήσσω, φονεύω, κτείνω, φθείρω, καίω, φλέγω, καθίζω, θερίζω, ζημιῶ, βλάπτω>.
“I rub you”, I wash you, I rip you, I pull you, I force, I loosen, I train, I pierce/stab, I scratch, I scrape, I wipe, I wet, I strike, I hit. I bathe, I chain, I unbind, I strike, I murder, I kill, I destroy, I burn, I scorch, I sit down, I harvest, I lose, I damage”.
καὶ σωματικῶς καὶ ψυχικῶς both physical and psychological.
<ὑβρίζω I>·I behave insolently/overbearingly
καὶ γὰρ καὶ διὰ χειρῶν καὶ ψυχικῆς διαθέσεως, καθὸ ἔχει καὶ
And therefore also through an evil (and) psychological description/composition, in so far as it has:
2.2.406.5 τὸ <λοιδορῶ> καὶ τὸ <κακολογῶ, ἀνιῶ, λυπῶ>.
That of “I ridicule” and that of “I slander, I afflict/torment (ἀνιάω), I pain and sadden,
καὶ ὅσα ἐπ' ἐγκωμίων, <ὑμνῶ σε, μεγαλύνω σε, ᾄδω, μέλπω, δοξάζω, κλείω>, ἀφ' οὗ καὶ τὸ κλέος, <αἰνῶ>.
And in so far as as for lauding [at a festival]:" I sing hymns (of) you, I magnify you, I sing praises, I celebrate in song, I glorify, I invoke you” (from which also (κλέος) fame, renown, glory, “I praise”
καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν διακρουστικῶν, <παραλογίζομαί σε, 2.2.407.1 κλέπτω, ἀπατῶ, περιγελῶ, παίζω, ἀπαφῶ, ἐξαπατῶ, πλανῶ>.
And for those expressing subterfuge or cunning: "I defraud/deceive you" I steal, I deceive, I laugh about/deride, I make fun of,
Ἡ δὲ προκειμένη σύνταξις, κἂν σωματικῶς τὰ τῆς ἐνεργείας σημαίνῃ κἂν ἔτι ψυχικῶς, ὡς εἴπομεν, μιᾶς καὶ τῆς αὐτῆς συντάξεως ἔχεται.
The proposed (?) syntax, also if the activity it signifies is physical also if yet psychological, it has one and the same (?) syntax as we said.
καὶ ἐπεὶ πολλαχῶς ἔστι τὸ διατίθεσθαι, πλεῖστοι καὶ τρόποι παρακολουθήσουσι τῶν ῥημάτων κατὰ τὰς ἰδιότητας τῶν ἐνεργειῶν. – 160. εἰσὶ μὲν γὰρ σωματικαὶ διαθέσεις αἱ τοιαῦται,
And since the arranging is in many ways, most of ways follow from the verbs according to the individual nature of the actions. For those related to physical (bodily) actions have arrangement such as these:
<τρίβω σε, νίπτω σε, ῥήσσω σε, ἕλκω σε, βιάζομαι, χαλῶ, γυμνάζω, νύσσω, κνήθω, ξύω, σμῶ, βρέχω, τύπτω, παίω, λούω, δεσμεύω, λύω, πλήσσω, φονεύω, κτείνω, φθείρω, καίω, φλέγω, καθίζω, θερίζω, ζημιῶ, βλάπτω>.
“I rub you”, I wash you, I rip you, I pull you, I force, I loosen, I train, I pierce/stab, I scratch, I scrape, I wipe, I wet, I strike, I hit. I bathe, I chain, I unbind, I strike, I murder, I kill, I destroy, I burn, I scorch, I sit down, I harvest, I lose, I damage”.
καὶ σωματικῶς καὶ ψυχικῶς both physical and psychological.
<ὑβρίζω I>·I behave insolently/overbearingly
καὶ γὰρ καὶ διὰ χειρῶν καὶ ψυχικῆς διαθέσεως, καθὸ ἔχει καὶ
And therefore also through an evil (and) psychological description/composition, in so far as it has:
2.2.406.5 τὸ <λοιδορῶ> καὶ τὸ <κακολογῶ, ἀνιῶ, λυπῶ>.
That of “I ridicule” and that of “I slander, I afflict/torment (ἀνιάω), I pain and sadden,
καὶ ὅσα ἐπ' ἐγκωμίων, <ὑμνῶ σε, μεγαλύνω σε, ᾄδω, μέλπω, δοξάζω, κλείω>, ἀφ' οὗ καὶ τὸ κλέος, <αἰνῶ>.
And in so far as as for lauding [at a festival]:" I sing hymns (of) you, I magnify you, I sing praises, I celebrate in song, I glorify, I invoke you” (from which also (κλέος) fame, renown, glory, “I praise”
καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν διακρουστικῶν, <παραλογίζομαί σε, 2.2.407.1 κλέπτω, ἀπατῶ, περιγελῶ, παίζω, ἀπαφῶ, ἐξαπατῶ, πλανῶ>.
And for those expressing subterfuge or cunning: "I defraud/deceive you" I steal, I deceive, I laugh about/deride, I make fun of,