Volume I SIGHT AND SOUND, NOMINAL SYSTEM,
VERBAL SYSTEM
Volume II SYNTAX
Volume III Appendices, paradigms, index
by Robert W. Funk Second, Corrected Edition
SCHOLARS PRESS
Missoula, Montana
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| §§ | Page | |
| Table of Abbreviations | xix-xxii | |
| 1. New Testament | xix | |
| 2. Apostolic Fathers | xix | |
| 3. Symbols | xx | |
| 4. Modern Literature | xxi | |
| Selected Texts | xxiii-xxiv | |
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| A Personal Word to the Teacher and Student | xxv-xxxii | |
| 001-020 | INTRODUCTION | 1-30 |
| 001-002 | How We Understand Sentences | 1-3 |
| 003-008 | Learning a Language is Learning the Structure Signals | 3-14 |
| 009-020 | The Aims of Descriptive Grammar | 14-30 |
| 010-014 | The Classification of Words and Other Elements | 14-20 |
| 015-020 | Syntactic Relations | 20-30 |
| 050-086 | PART ONE: The Sight and Sound of Greek | 31-53 |
| 050-052 | 1. The Alphabet | 31-34 |
| 055-065 | 2. Sounds, Breathing, Syllables | 35-42 |
| 070-077 | 3. Sight and Sound: Subsidiary Points | 43-46 |
| 080-086 | 4. Vowel and Consonant Change | 47-53 |
| PART TWO: The Nominal and Verbal Systems | ||
| 100-274 | I. The Nominal System | 55-204 |
| 100-115 | Introduction | 55-77 |
| 0103-107 | Gender, Number, Case | 59-68 |
| 108-115 | Syntax of the Cases | 68-77 |
| 120-1240 | 5. The Article | 79-83 |
| 125-129 | 6. The Article as Structure Signal | 85-89 |
| 130-1341 | 7. Nouns: First Declension | 91-96 |
| 135-1392 | 8. Nouns: Second Declension | 97-102 |
| 140-1471 | 9. Prepositions as Structure Signals | 103-111 |
| 150-1570 | 10. Nouns: Third Declension | 113-121 |
| 160-1680 | 11. Third Declension: Classes 1 and 2 | 123-130 |
| 160-164 | Class 1 | 123-127 |
| 165-168 | Class 2 | 127-130 |
| 170-176 | 12. Third Declension: Class 3/Nominal Word Clusters | 131-136 |
| 170-1730 | Class 3 | 131-134 |
| 174-176 | Nominal Word Clusters | 134-136 |
| 180-1900 | 13. Third Declension: Classes 4 and 5 | 137-145 |
| 181-185 | Class 4 | 137-141 |
| 186-1900 | Class 5 | 141-145 |
| 195-203 | 14. Third Declension: Classes 6 and 7 | 147-155 |
| 195-1970 | Class 6 | 147-150 |
| 198-203 | Class 7 | 150-155 |
| 205-214 | 15. Vocative, Partial Declension, Noun in Context | 157-165 |
| 205 | Vocative | 157-158 |
| 206-207 | Irregular and Partial Declension | 158-159 |
| 208-214 | Noun in Context | 159-165 |
| 220-2251 | 16. Adjectives: Groups I-II | 167-172 |
| 221-222 | I: Second Declension | 167-169 |
| 223-225 | II: Second-First Declensions | 169-171 |
| 230-2370 | 17. Adjectives: Groups III-V | 173-181 |
| 230-2320 | III: Third-First Declensions | 173-176 |
| 233-2351 | IV: Third Declension | 176-178 |
| 236-2370 | V: Mixed Patterns | 178-181 |
| 240-2500 | 18. Comparison of Adjectives/Participles | 183-191 |
| 240-2451 | Comparison of Adjectives | 183-186 |
| 246-2500 | Declension of Participles | 186-191 |
| 255-274 | 19. Pronouns and Pronominal Adjectives | 193-204 |
| 256-2580 | Pronouns | 193-196 |
| 259-274 | Pronominal Adjectives | 196-204 |
| 300-496 | II. The Verbal System | 205-375 |
| 300-3120 | Introduction | 205-219 |
| 304-306 | Person, Number, Voice | 214 |
| 0307-308 | Mood | 215-216 |
| 0309-3120 | Tense | 216-219 |
| 0315-322 | 20. Personal Endings | 221-227 |
| 325-330 | 21. Identifying the Verb: Person and Number | 229-232 |
| 0335-3500 | 22. Augment, Reduplication, Tense Suffixes | 233-251 |
| 0335-3400 | Augment | 233-239 |
| 341-3450 | Reduplication | 239-245 |
| 0346-3500 | Tense Suffixes | 245-251 |
| 355-361 | 23. Tense Stems | 253-257 |
| 365-380 | 24. Indicative Mood: Primary Tenses | 259-277 |
| 366-3712 | Present Indicative | 260-269 |
| 0372-380 | Future Active and Middle | 269-277 |
| 0385-395 | 25. Indicative Mood: Primary Tenses | 279-287 |
| 0385-3880 | Perfect Active | 279-281 |
| 389-3922 | Perfect Middle-Passive | 282-285 |
| 0393-395 | Future Passive | 285-287 |
| 0400-4122 | 26. Indicative Mood: Secondary Tenses | 289-303 |
| 400-4050 | Imperfect Indicative | 289-295 |
| 0406-4122 | Aorist Active and Middle | 295-303 |
| 0415-4241 | 27. Indicative Mood: Secondary Tenses | 305-314 |
| 0415-418 | Pluperfect Active and Middle-Passive | 305-308 |
| 0419-4241 | Aorist Passive | 308-314 |
| 0430-434 | 28. Identifying the Verb: Tense | 315-326 |
| 0440-449 | 29. Non-Indicative Moods: Subjunctive/Optative | 327-337 |
| 0440-440 | Introduction | 327-328 |
| 441-444 | Subjunctive | 328-334 |
| 0445-449 | Optative | 334-337 |
| 0455-469 | 30. Non-Indicative Moods: Imperative/Infinitive/Participle | 339-354 |
| 0455-4630 | Imperative | 339-345 |
| 464-4662 | Infinitive | 346-349 |
| 0467-469 | Participle | 349-354 |
| 475-496 | 31. Tense Base Formation | 355-375 |
| 475-476 | Introduction | 355-357 |
| 477-4782 | Tense Stems: Patterns of Formation | 357-361 |
| 479-487 | Present Tense Stem | 361-372 |
| 488-4940 | Other Factors Affecting Tense Stem Formation | 372-374 |
| 495-496 | Type of Inflection and the Organization of the Catalogue of Verbs | 374-375 |
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| 500-527 | I. Sentence Structure | 377-394 |
| 500-516 | 32. Sentence Structure: Sentence Types I-IV | 377-386 |
| 500-503 | "Subject" and "Predicate" | 377-378 |
| 504-506 | Sentence Type I | 378-379 |
| 507 | Sentence Type II | 379 |
| 508 | Sentence Type III | 380-381 |
| 509-510 | Sentence Type IV | 381-382 |
| 511-516 | Analysis of Sentence Types | 382-386 |
| 520-527 | 33. Sentence Structure: Sentence Types V-VI | 387-394 |
| 520 | Sentence Types V-VI | 387 |
| 521-522 | Sentence Type I | 387-390 |
| 523-524 | Sentence Type VI | 390-392 |
| 525-527 | Statements, Questions, Requests | 392-394 |
| 530-551 | II. The "Subject" | 395-418 |
| 530-538 | 34. The "Subject" | 395-404 |
| 530-532 | Relation of "Subject" to Predicate: Voice | 395-398 |
| 533-538 | Formal Signals of the "Subject" | 398-404 |
| 533 | Tie with Verb, Nominative Case | 398-400 |
| 534 | Pronoun Subjects, 1st sg. | 400-401 |
| 535 | Pronoun Subjects, Other | 401-402 |
| 536 | Neuter Plural Subject, Singular Verb | 402 |
| 537 | Two or More Subjects | 403 |
| 538 | Constructed ad sensum | 403-404 |
| 540-551 | 35. Words and Word Clusters in the Structure of Subject | 405-418 |
| 540 | Introduction | 405 |
| 541 | Modification Structure | 405-406 |
| 542 | "Subjectless" Sentences | 406-407 |
| 543-5430 | Single Words as Subject | 407-408 |
| 545 | Word Clusters as Subject | 409-410 |
| 546 | Included Sentence as Subject | 410 |
| 547 | Compound and Expanded Subjects | 410-411 |
| 5470 | Other Subject Clusters | 411-412 |
| 548 | Summary | 412-413 |
| 549 | Word Clusters with Noun as Head Term | 413-416 |
| 550-551 | Concord and Types of Modification Structure | 416-418 |
| 555-608 | III. The Predicate | 419-473 |
| 555-5610 | 36. The Predicate | 419-426 |
| 555 | Predicate=Verb plus Modifiers | 419-420 |
| 5550 | Analytic Notation | 420-421 |
| 556-5610 | Common Adverbials | 421-426 |
| 557 | Adverbs | 422-423 |
| 558 | p-Groups | 423 |
| 559 | Noun Clusters | 423-424 |
| 560 | Combinations | 424-425 |
| 561-5610 | Participles | 425-426 |
| 565-576 | 37. Verb Chains | 427-438 |
| 565-5660 | Introduction | 427-430 |
| 567-570 | Catenatives: Group I | 430-433 |
| 567 | "Auxiliary" Verbs | 430-431 |
| 568 | Periphrasis with εἰμί | 431-432 |
| 569 | Periphrasis with μέλλω | 432 |
| 570 | Periphrasis with ἄρχομαι | 432-433 |
| 571-573 | Catenative Verb Not Lexically Empty | 433-435 |
| 574-576 | Catenatives: Group II | 435-438 |
| 574-575 | Infinitive of Purpose with Intransitive Verb | 435-437 |
| 576 | Summary | 437-438 |
| 580-585 | 38. Verb Chains | 439-452 |
| 580-582 | Catenatives: Group III | 439-443 |
| 580 | Transitive Verbs Chaining with an Infinitive | 439-441 |
| 581 | θέλω as Catenative | 441-443 |
| 582 | Verb Chains: Group III | 443 |
| 583 | Catenatives: Group IV | 444-446 |
| 584 | Catenatives: Group V | 446-448 |
| 585 | Catenatives: Group VI | 448-452 |
| 590-597 | 39. Variation on Constituent Elements: Sentence Type III | 453-464 |
| 590 | Basic S-III | 453 |
| 591-593 | Verbs Taking a Dative Object | 453-458 |
| 594-596 | Verbs Taking a Genitive Object | 459-464 |
| 597 | Summary | 464 |
| 600-608 | 40. Variation on Constituent Elements: Sentence Type IV | 465-473 |
| 600 | Basic S-IV | 465 |
| 601 | The Direct Object in S-IV | 465-466 |
| 602 | The Indirect Object in S-IV | 467-470 |
| 603 | Summary | 470 |
| 604-608 | The Deletion of Constituent Elements | 470-473 |
| 610-674 | IV. Function Words | 475-526 |
| 610-617 | 41. Function Words | 475-484 |
| 610-612 | Classification of Function Words | 475-476 |
| 613-617 | Negatives | 476-484 |
| 613-614 | οὐ, μή and Compounds | 476-477 |
| 615 | οὐ, μή Negating Verb | 477-479 |
| 616 | οὐ, μή Negating Other Elements | 479 |
| 617 | Negatives as Structure | 479-484 |
| Signaling Devices | ||
| 620-628 | 42. Conjunctions | 485-495 |
| 620 | Function of Conjunctions | 485 |
| 621-623 | καί | 485-490 |
| 621 | καί as Conjunction | 485-489 |
| 622 | καί . . . καί | 489-490 |
| 623 | Other uses of καί | 490 |
| 624 | τέ | 490-491 |
| 625 | Combination of τέ and καί | 491-492 |
| 626 | ἤ | 492-493 |
| 627-628 | ἀλλά | 494-495 |
| 630-635 | 43. Sentence Connectors | 497-502 |
| 630-631 | Function of Sentence Connectors | 497 |
| 632 | δέ | 497-498 |
| 633 | γάρ | 498-499 |
| 634 | οὖν | 499-500 |
| 635 | Other Uses of δέ | 500-502 |
| 640-644 | 44. Subordinators and Subordination | 503-508 |
| 640-641 | Subordination | 503-504 |
| 642 | Types of Subordinators | 504-505 |
| 643-644 | Types of Subordination | 505-508 |
| 645-662 | 45. Subordinators ὅτι and ἵνα | 509-518 |
| 645-653 | ὅτι | 509-513 |
| 645 | Functions of ὅτι | 509 |
| 646 | Subject Clauses with ὅτι | 509 |
| 647-650 | Object Clauses with ὅτι | 509-511 |
| 651 | ὅτι as Causal Subordinator | 511-512 |
| 652 | Appositional Clauses with ὅτι | 512-513 |
| 653 | Summary | 513 |
| 654-662 | ἵνα | 513-518 |
| 654-655 | Functions of ἵνα | 513-514 |
| 656-658 | Purpose Clauses with ἵνα | 514-516 |
| 659 | Object Clauses with ἵνα | 516-517 |
| 660-662 | Other Clauses with ἵνα | 517-518 |
| 665-6740 | 46. Relative Clauses | 519-526 |
| 665 | Relative Subordinators | 519 |
| 666-667 | Function of Relative Clauses | 519-520 |
| 668-669 | Adjectival Clauses | 520-522 |
| 670 | Attraction | 522-523 |
| 671 | ὅστις | 523 |
| 672 | Adjectival Clause/Articular | 523-524 |
| Participle | ||
| 673 | Substantive Clauses | 524-525 |
| 674 | Adverbial Clauses | 525-526 |
| 6740 | Relative Pronoun with ἄν | 526 |
| 680-779 | V. Nominal Word Clusters | 527-610 |
| 680-690 | 47. Nominal Word Clusters: Modification Structure | 527-540 |
| 680 | Basic Syntax: Level Two | 527 |
| 681-685 | Modification Structure | 527-534 |
| 686-690 | Simple Nominal Word Clusters | 534-540 |
| 686-6870 | With Noun as Head Term | 534-537 |
| 688-690 | With Nominal Elements as Head Term | 537-540 |
| 695-706 | 48. Complex Nominal Word Clusters | 541-554 |
| 695-6990 | Complex Clusters with a Noun as Head Term | 541-549 |
| 696-6980 | Noun Clusters with an Attributive Genitive | 543-547 |
| 699-6990 | Noun Clusters with an Attributive p-Cluster | 547-549 |
| 700-703 | Complex Clusters with an Adjective as Head Term | 550-552 |
| 704-706 | Complex Clusters with a Pronominal Adjective as Head Term | 552-554 |
| 0710-722 | 49. Determiners | 555-566 |
| 0710 | Introduction | 555 |
| 710-7160 | The Article | 555-560 |
| 719-722 | Αὐτός | 561-566 |
| 0725-734 | 50. Demonstratives: Οὗτος, Ἐκεῖνος | 567-575 |
| 0725-728 | Uses of the Demonstratives | 567-570 |
| 729-731 | Demonstratives in Simple Word Clusters | 570-573 |
| 732 | Demonstratives in Complex Word Clusters | 573-574 |
| 733 | As an Independent Grammatical Item | 574-575 |
| 734 | With Prepositions | 575 |
| 740-749 | 51. Πᾶς | 577-584 |
| 740 | Introduction | 577 |
| 741-745 | Πᾶς in Simple Word Clusters | 577-580 |
| 746 | Πᾶς Used Alone | 580-581 |
| 747 | Πᾶς with Articular Participle | 581-582 |
| 748 | Πᾶς in Complex Word Clusters | 582-583 |
| 749 | Πᾶς with Negative | 584 |
| 750-767 | 52. Other Determiners | 585-595 |
| 750-753 | Ἕκαστος | 585-588 |
| 0755-760 | Ἄλλος and Ἕτερος | 588-592 |
| 0765-767 | Τις | 593-595 |
| 0770-779 | 53. The Participle in Nominal Word Word Clusters | 597-610 |
| 0770-770 | Functions of Participles | 597-598 |
| 771-779 | The Attributive Participle in Nominal Word Clusters | 598-610 |
| 771 | Introduction | 598-599 |
| 772 | Types of Clusters | 599-600 |
| 773 | The Attributive Participle and the Relative Clause | 600-601 |
| 774 | n-Clusters with a Participle | 601-603 |
| 0775-777 | g-Clusters | 603-606 |
| 778 | g-Clusters as Constituent Elements in the Sentence | 607-608 |
| 779 | Levels of Complexity | 608-610 |
| 0780-821 | VI. The Verb: Tense-Aspect/Mood/Infinitive | 611-665 |
| 0780-7880 | 54. The Verb: Tense-Aspect | 611-621 |
| 0780 | Tense in English and Greek | 611 |
| 780 | Present/Past/Perfect | 611-612 |
| 781-785 | The Present Tense | 612-618 |
| 786-7860 | Present/Past | 618-619 |
| 787-7880 | The Aorist Tense | 619-621 |
| 0790-801 | 55. The Verb: Tense-Aspect | 623-635 |
| 0790-792 | The Imperfect | 623-626 |
| 793 | The Perfect Tenses | 626-629 |
| 794-7990 | The Perfect Indicative | 629-633 |
| 800 | The Pluperfect | 633-634 |
| 801 | The Future | 634-635 |
| 805-821 | 56. The Verb: Subjunctive, Imperative and Optative | 637-653 |
| 805-807 | Introduction | 637-640 |
| 808-816 | Commands and Petitions | 640-647 |
| 808-8090 | Tense-Aspect | 640-641 |
| 810 | Prohibitions | 641-642 |
| 811-814 | The Present and Aorist Imperatives | 642-645 |
| 815 | Other Ways of Expressing Commands | 646-647 |
| 816 | Person | 647 |
| The Subjunctive | 647-651 | |
| 817 | Introduction | 647 |
| 818 | The Futuristic Subjunctive | 648 |
| 819 | The Hortatory Subjunctive | 648-649 |
| 820 | The Deliberative Subjunctive | 649-650 |
| 821 | Introductory Words | 650-651 |
| 822 | The Optative | 651-653 |
| 0830-838 | 57. The Infinitive: Range of Functions | 655-665 |
| 0830-8310 | Introduction | 655-657 |
| 832 | The Infinitive as Subject (Object) | 657-658 |
| 0833-835 | Variations on the Simple Infinitive in Verb Chains | 658-662 |
| 836 | The Infinitive as Adverbial Clause | 662-663 |
| 837 | The Explanatory (Epexegetical) Infinitive | 663-665 |
| 838 | The Infinitive Absolute | 665 |
| 0845-881 | VII. Adverbial Clauses | 667-708 |
| 0845-849 | 58. The Circumstantial (Adverbial) Participle | 667-677 |
| 0845-845 | Introduction | 667-669 |
| 846-8460 | The Circumstantial Participle as the Equivalent of an Adverbial Clause | 669-673 |
| 847-8470 | Genitive Absolute | 673-675 |
| 8471 | Nominative Absolute | 675 |
| 848 | The Circumstantial Participle with Verbs of Saying | 675 |
| 849 | Present and Aorist Participles: 'Tense' | 675-677 |
| 855-861 | 59. Conditional Sentences | 679-688 |
| 855 | Introduction | 679 |
| 856 | First Class Condition | 680-681 |
| 857 | Second Class Condition | 681-683 |
| 858 | Third Class Condition | 683-685 |
| 859 | Fourth Class Condition | 685 |
| 8590 | Concessive Clauses | 685-686 |
| 860 | Equivalents of the Conditional Clause | 686-687 |
| 861 | Key for Identifying Conditional Sentences | 687-688 |
| 0865-873 | 60. Comparative and Temporal Clauses | 689-700 |
| 0865-866 | ὡς as Subordinator | 689-692 |
| 0867-8670 | Comparative Clauses | 692-694 |
| 0868-873 | Temporal Clauses | 694-700 |
| 0875-881 | 61. Local, Causal, Final and Consecutive Clauses | 701-708 |
| 0875-876 | Local Clauses | 701-703 |
| 0877-8770 | Causal Clauses | 703 |
| 0878-879 | Final (Purpose) Clauses | 704-706 |
| 0880-881 | Consecutive (Result) Clauses | 706-708 |
| 0885-894 | VIII. The Cases | 709-726 |
| 0885-894 | 62. The Cases | 709-726 |
| 885-886 | Nominative | 709-710 |
| 0887-887 | Vocative | 710-711 |
| 0888-890 | Genitive | 711-717 |
| 0891-893 | Dative | 718-723 |
| 0894-894 | Accusative | 724-726 |
| VOLUME I I I | ||
| 900-933 | Appendix I: Phonetic Change | 1-22 |
| Appendix II: Nominal System: Catalogue | 23-53 | |
| A. Nouns | 25-43 | |
| B. Adjectives | 45-50 | |
| C. Pronouns and Pronominal Adjectives | 51-53 | |
| Appendix III: Verbal System: Catalogue | 55-130 | |
| Class I: Present Base = Verb Base | 63-100 | |
| Class II: -πτω Verbs | 101-102 | |
| Class III: Iota Class | 103-119 | |
| Class IV: ν Class | 121-125 | |
| Class V: -σκω Verbs | 127-128 | |
| Class VI: Mixed Class | 129-130 | |
| Appendix IV: Parsing Code | 131-132 | |
| Appendix V: Paradigms | 133-140 | |
| 1. The Article (§121) | 133 | |
| 2. τίς, τί (§151) | 133 | |
| 3. πᾶς, πᾶσα, πᾶν (§231) | 134 | |
| 4. Personal Pronouns (§256) | 134 | |
| 5. Structure of the Verb System (§303) | 135-136 | |
| 6. Primary Personal Endings (§318) | 137 | |
| 7. Secondary Personal Endings (§319) | 137 | |
| 8. Inflectional Categories in the Verb System (§4750) | 138 | |
| 9. εἰμί | 139 | |
| Present Tense (§371) | ||
| Imperfect Tense (§405) | ||
| Future Tense (§378) | ||
| 10. Key for Identifying the Verb (§431) | 139-140 | |
| Indices | ||
| Subject Index | 141-158 | |
| Greek Index | 159-184 | |