Subject: re: Insecticidal soap
From: "Bill Robinson" <roseguy@flash.net>
Organization: AOL http://www.aol.com
Date: Sat, 23 Aug 1997 07:06:09 -0700
Message-ID: <MOD$970823.23341@rec.gardens.ecosystems>


Vince wrote a lot of things:

1.) > How dare you have an FAQ on the web and never post it on >
the newsgroup to which it is intended.

As new material is completed for the FAQ it is posted. We have
no problem in doing that and there is no problem in posting
the various sections from time to time. My quess is that the
FAQ may well run 1000 + pages by the time we really get
up to speed and that would be a bit much to post all at one time.
We can do it in sections as we did with the section on weeds
that was posted a couple of weeks back.

The original question had to do with the use of piperonyl butoxide and
whether the material should or should not be considered
organic. I replied that it was a toxic material prohibited for
use on organic crops by the OCGIA's International Certification
Standard and suggested that she look at Appendix A of the
FAQ. The International Certification Standard may not be
perfect but at least it is a recognized standard followed by
big numbers of authorities.

Appendix A is inserted at the tail end of this post. You see, we
do try to help!

2.) > I am very hot and bothered by the use of these words . . .
(referring to my use of "relatively" toxic, etc.) snip . . .
> Is "organic" a matter of degree?

As a matter of fact, yes. We have defined organic gardening
as that kind of gardening that uses environmentally friendly
materials and environmentally friendly cultural practices. The
issue of just how friendly something has to be to qualify as
organic is a gray area and a real problem.

There is a big bruhaha brewing over the USDA's leaning to
include the use of genetically engineered plant material in
organic crop certification. Here is clearly a situation in which
no 'chemicals' , toxic or otherwise, are involved and the issue
is environmental friendleness. There just isn't a good, clean
answer because the ultimate friendleness of these materials
is being questioned.

The regulations for the State of California, as I understand it, allow the
use of nicotine on certified organic crops. Many, if not most, of the other
states consider nicotine too toxic and prohibit its use. The how much
toxicity is too much toxicity is an issue of gray as well.

I personally talked with lots of recognized experts on this
definition of 'organic' thing. It was a problem to every one of
them but, without exception, they all thought that the use of
environmentally friendly materials and the use of enviornmentally
friendly cultural practices was a good answer and probably was
as good as we could get

Bill
______________________________________________________________________

Appendix A: Organic Certification Standards

The 1996 International Certification Standard is set by the Organic
Crop Improvement Association. It is generally regarded as the
accepted standard by most governmental agencies throughout the world.
The U.S. Congress passed the Organic Foods Production Act of 1990
which mandated that the USDA oversee which materials could or could
not be used on crops for the U.S. market. The National Organic
Standards Board of the USDA is in the process of drafting a National
List. The materials lists are similar but not the same and both are
included in this appendix.

The 1996 OCIA International Certification Standard; Section Eight;
Materials List

See http://www.gks.com/library/standards/ocia/ocian.html

Definition of Categories:

ALLOWED(A) materials are materials which may be used on land and
crops in the OCIA certification program

RESTRICTED(R) materials are allowed by OCIA only with certain
restrictions, and only if no alternatives are feasible. The use
of these materials is discouraged. In many cases, the permitted
use of these materials is dependent on the specific source, and
demonstration that the material is free from contamination. In
some cases, there is simply not enough information available
about a material.

PROHIBITED(P) materials may not be used on land in the certification
program, or in the production of any crops grown on land in the
certification program. At least three years must pass after the
use of any prohibited substances before land which has received
that substance may be certified.

Status-Material ......................Specifications

(P)....Synthetic Pesticides ....All synthetically derived pesticides
not specifically mentioned by name

(A)....Adhesive Traps

(A)....Alfalfa Pellets....Used as soil amendment. Typical Analysis:
3-1-2; Unknown growth factors

(R)....Alkali Carbonates....For disinfecting livestock facilities
only

(P)....Ammonia Products

(R)....Anti-Coagulant Rodenticides....May not be used directly or in

bait stations on certified land. May be used with restrictions
in processing facilities, see Processing Standards.

(P)....Antibiotics

(R)....Arsenic pressure-treated lumber....There is a strong concern
about uptake of arsenic compounds from pressure treated lumber
used for trellising vines and other field applications. All
possible alternatives should be explored before use.

(A)....Bacillus Thuringenses....Wetable powder and bait forms
preferred. Liquid forms containing xylene or petroleum
distillates are prohibited.

(P)....Bactericides, synthetic

(A)....Basalt....Typical Analysis: 0-0-0; Good slow release trace
elements, but only 3% potash

(A)....Beneficial organisms....Includes insects, nematodes, decollate
snails, microbial fungicides, streptomycin bacteria for fire-
blight control (not for use on livestock). No genetically
engineered organisms.

(A)....Biodynamic Preparations

(A)....Biological Controls....Such as microbes or insects

(A)....Biotite Mica....Typical Analysis: 0-0-1; Very slow release

(P)....Bird Baits

(A)....Bird Traps and Netting

(A)....Bleach, (sodium hypochlorite)....In livestock production only.
OK for disinfecting farm implements. Preferred to other
synthetic disinfectants. See Chlorine for further restrictions.

(A)....Blended fertilizer Products....In the end it comes down to
specific products and the trustworthiness of the manufacturer.
The operative procedure is most definitely BUYER BEWARE. If the
manufacturer will give you a detailed list of the ingredients,
and the fertilizer actually corresponds to that list of
ingredients (it often doesn't), you can make a decision on the
basis of the materials listed above. If you don't know what it
is, don't buy it!!

(A)....Blood Meal

(A)....Bone Meal

(A)....Bordeaux Mixes....Mined minerals preferred. Use with caution.
Build-up of copper in soil may prohibit future use.

(A)....Boric Acid(H3BO3)....Not for use on edible product parts.
Cannot be in direct contact with soil or plant tissue.

(A)....Boron Products....May only be used if soil tests show
deficiency

(P)....Calcium Nitrate

(P)....Carbamates

(A)....Carbon Dioxide....Permitted for both post-harvest and soil use.
May be used as fumigant in stored commodities.

(A)....Carbonates....OK for use as trace elements

(P)....Carrot Oil

(R)....Caustic Potash....see Potassium Hydroxide

(R)....Chelates....Acceptable if chelating agent is from a natural
source. Ligno-sulphates are acceptable. Natural chelating agents
include citric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, and other di-
and tri-acids. EDTA is synthetic and it is not permitted.

(P)....Chilean Nitrate....see Sodium Nitrate

(P)....Chlorinated Hydrocarbons

(R)....Chlorine (Cl)....Highly toxic and highly volatile. Use with
caution. Includes Sodium Hypochlorite (see bleach)

(A)....Citrus Oil

(R)....Cocoa Bean Hulls....May contain residues of pesticides banned
in the U.S. Use only if documented to be residue-free.

(A)....Colloidal Phos....Typical Analysis: 0-2-0; Limited value
unless mixed with manure; 18% total P2P5

(A)....Composts....Composting refers to the process in which organic
materials are digested aerobically or anaerobically by microbial
action. In order to effectively stabilize the nutrients in
compost, neutralize pesticide residues and kill weed seeds and
pathogens, compost piles must reach a temperature of 120 to 140
F. for a period of about 6 weeks. Compost should remain moist
but not waterlogged for the whole decomposition process for best
results. Written documentation of source of off-farm materials
is required. No OCIA prohibited materials may be used in
composting, including synthetically fortified compost starters.
Growers should obtain a list of the main ingredients in any
purchased composts. See also Microbial Compost Inoculants.

(R)....Copper (Cu)....May be fed or injected to livestock to treat
documented mineral deficiencies

(R)....Copper Hydroxide....Considered a Bordeaux. More toxic than
copper sulfate, but application rate is less.

(A)....Copper Sulfate,(farm).... Considered a Bordeaux. Use with
caution and restraint. May cause a copper accumulation in soil.

(R)....Copper Sulfate,(livestock)....Footbath only for livestock

(R)....Cotton Gin Trash....This material is potentially more
contaiminated than cottonseed meal because many residues are in
the hull of the cottonseed. Composting is REQUIRED before use.
(See Cottonseed Meal)

(R)....Cottonseed Meal....May contain substantial pesticide residues.
Use only if documented to be residue-free or it MUST be
composted prior to use(see Compost for guidelines). Proper
composting has been shown to break down toxic residues.

(R)....Deer and Rabbit....Acceptable if derived from a natural
repellent source, provided synthetic additiives are not used

(R)....Diatomaceous Earth....Non-heated forms only are allowed. Use a
dust mask when applying to prevent lung irritation. Make sure
no synthetic pesticides or synergists are added.

(P)....Dimethyl Sulfoxide

(A)....Dolomite....May cause a build-up of Mangesium. Use with
caution.

(A)....Dormant Oils....Approved for use as a dormant spray on woody
plants only (see Suffocating Oils).

(P)....Drip Irrigation....Cleaners, synthetic

(A)....Enzymes....Acceptable if derived microbiologically from natural
materials and not fortified with synthetic plant nutrients.

(R)....Ethylene(CH2CH2)....May be used only in cases where use is
deemed essential to get the crop to market and requires internal
review pre-approval.

(R)....Ethylene Oxide....Growers wishing to use them must obtain
consent of the Internal Review Committee first.

(A)....Fish Emulsion....Forms which are "fortified" with synthetic
plant nutreints are prohibited. Stabilized products are
acceptable.

(A)....Fish Meal

(P)....Formaldehyde (H-CHO)
(P)....Fortified Humic

(R)....Fruit Waxes....Must not contain any synthetic substances. May
not be used on edible plant parts. Acceptable materials include
carnuba or wood-extracted wax.

(P)....Fumigants....Cannot be used for soil treatment, post-harvest
handling, or in packing materials.

(P)....Fungicides, Synthetic

(A)....Garlic

(R)....Gibberelic Acid....Acceptable if made from a fermentation
process and not fortified with synthetic substance.

(A)....Grape and other Pomaces....Aerobic composting required before
use if from non-organic source.

(A)....Growth Enhancers....Must not contain synthetic substance.

(P)....Growth Regulators....Includes all formulations of the
synthetic propagation hormone IBA(Indol-3-butyric acid), as well
as the growth regulator NAA(1-Napthalene acetic acid). IAA(Indol
acetic acid) is a natural growth regulator.

(A)....Guano, Bat or Bird....See manures, animal

(A)....Gypsum....Only mined forms are acceptable.

(P)....Gypsum by-product...Can contain large quantities of herbicide
and pesticide residues. Much of it also the by-product of sheet
rock manufacture and may contain fungicides, fire retardants and
other harmful chemicals. Mined gypsum is a reasonably priced
alternative and is strongly recommended.

(A)....Herbal preparations....May not be extracted with synthetic
chemicals

(P)....Herbicides, synthetic

(A)....Hoof and Horn Meal

(A)....Humates....Humates are usually natural deposits which are mined
and may have high trace mineral contents. Acceptable if derived
from leonardite, lignite, or coal, not acceptable if fortified
with synthetic ingredients.

(A)....Humic Acid Deriivative....These are extracts of humates which
may be made with either natural or unnatural processes. Only
acceptable if derived from natural sources and not fortified.

(R)....Hydrated Lime....Foliar application as a fungicide only.

(A)....Hydrogen Peroxide(H2O2)

(A)....Insect Extracts....("bug juice", etc.)

(R)....Iodine(I)....External disinfectant and foot bath for livestock

(P)....Ionizing Radiation....i.e. irradiation or pico-waved

(A)....Kelp Extracts....Not acceptable if containing formaldehyde or
fortified with synthetic plant nutrients

(A)....Kelp Meal....Allowed in livestock production also.

(A)....Kiln Dust....Toxic if used in excess, apply with caution

(R)....Leather Dust....(residue from hide processing) Likely to be
contaminated with Chromium and other metal solvents which are
used in leather processing. Testing may be required.

(A)....Lime(Calcium oxide; CaO)....For disinfecting livestock
facilities or cleaning processing plants where adequate rinsing
is provided.

(R)....Lime Sulfur(includes Calcium Polysulphide)....Foliar
application as a fungicide allowed. May be used as an insecticide
only if there are no feasable alternatives.

(A)....Limestone....Oyster shell flour, dolomite, and mined CaCO3 are
acceptable. Sugarbeet lime is a restricted material. (See Sugar
Beet Lime)

(R)....Lye....see Potassium Hydroxide and Sodium Hydroxide

(A)....Manures, animal....Must be aerobically composted, preferably by
turning and keeping moist and warm until well broken down(see
definition of composting under "Compost"). Raw manures are
considered restricted materials(see Manures, Raw).

(R)....Manures, Raw....Can be harmful to soil life and cause unhealthy
levels of nitrates in produce and salt build-up in soils. Can
also contain pesticide residues depending on what the animal has
been eating. Composting strongly recommended since it can
stabilize the nitrogen content, kill weed seeds, and help
neutralize pesticide residues. (See Manures, Animal) Fresh and
"sheet composted" manures are allowed only in MODERATE amounts
and as a supplement to other soil-building practices. Please be
especially careful when using on crops which can accumulate
nitrates such as leafy greens, radishes and beets. Uncomposted
manure that has been turned and free of internal frost for at
least six months prior to application is permitted. Fresh,
aerated, anaerobic, or "sheet composted" manures are permitted
on perennials or crops not for human consumption, or when a
crop for human consumption is not to be harvested for at least
four months following the application. At application the soil
must be sufficiently warm (about 10C) and moist to ensure active
microbial digestion. All manure sources and management
techniques must be clearly documented as part of the
certification process.

(P)....Methyl Bromide

(P)....Methyl Sulfoxide

(A)....Microbial Plant Inoculants....Includiong rhizobia bacteria,
mycorrhizae, azolla, Azobacter, etc.

(A)....Microbial Soil Compost and Seed Inoculants....Naturally
occuring microbes only. No synthetic preservatives or
fortifications are allowed. The liquid preparations often
contain sodium sulfites which are NOT allowed. Powdered forms
are recommended because of their natural origins and because
they have been shown to generally be more effective.

(R)....Micronutrient Sprays....Materials derived from natural sources
are recommended. Synthetic sources of micronutrients are allowed
only to correct deficiencies determined by soil or plant tissue
tests.

(A)....Mined Minerals....A mined mineral must not have undergone any
change in the molecular structure through heating or combining
with other substances. Some of the minerals which are mined can
also be made synthetically or are by-products of industry;
investigate the source of any new material. Acceptable if the
material is not processed or fortified with synthetic chemicals.
Examples of natural mined minerals include phosphate rock,
soil-min, greensand, zeolite, granite dust, nutri-min, and
Limestone.

(P)....Moth Balls/Moth Crystals...see Napthalene

(A)....Mulches....It is recommended that organic materials to be used
for mulch be documented to be pesticide-free. (See restrictions
under Plastic Mulch). Biodegradable plastic mulch is still
synthetic so that the same restrictions apply as for plastic.

(P)....Muriate of Potash....Prohibited because of very high chloride
content.

(R)....Mushroom Compost....May contain substantial pesticide residues.
Use only if documented to be residue-free or it MUST be re-
composted before use (see Compost for guidelines).

(P)....Naphthalene

(P)....Nematocides....Synthetically compounded

(P)....Nicotine...Prohibited because of extreme toxicity.

(P)....Nitrate, Ammonium....Typical Analysis: 34-0-0

(P)....Nitrate, Potassium....Typical Analysis: 13-0-44

(A)....Nitrogen....For use in controlled atmosphere storage and package
flushing.

(P)....Organophosphates

(P)....Parasiticides

(A)....Peat Mosas....Must not contain artifiical wetting agents. Wear
a dust mask when working with peat moss as the dust from it has
been shown to sometimes cause lung infections.

(A)....Perlite

(P)....Pesticides, Synthetic

(P)....Petroleum Distillates....These are used as additives and some-
times as inert ingredients in other products. Can be
carcinogenic when formulated with aromatic petroleum products
such as phenols and benzene. There is good reason to believe that
these materials are very toxic to humans.

(R)....Petroleum Oil....(Spreader-Stickers, Carriers). Dormant Spray
Adjuvants and summer oils are acceptable as spray adjuvants for
use on woody perennials only. Petroleum oil adjuvants may not
contain any synthetic pesticiides. (See Suffocating Oils and
Petroleum Distillates).

(A) Pheromones....Naturally derived pheromones are recommended. May
not be combined with synthetic pesticides.

(A)....Phosphate Rock....Must not be fortified or processed with
synthetic chemicals.

(P)....Phosphoric Acid

(P)....Piperonyl Butoxide....(see Synergists, synthetic) Although this
material is derived from a plant source originally, it has gone
through a substantial molecular change in its extraction and
processing. Check the labels on botanicals to make sure this is
not in the product.

(A)....Plant Extracts....Parts of plants which have specific uses in
pest control or fertility such as marigolds, sesame chaff and
equisetum (horsetails) are permitted.

(P)....Plant Protectants(Synthetic)

(P)....Plastic Feed Pellets....For livestock

(R)....Plastics for Mulch, Row Covers, and Solarizarion....Must not
be incorporated into soil or left in field to decompose. Bio-
degradable plastic mulches are still made synthetically and so
the same restrictions apply of not being incorporated into the
soil.

(R)....Potassium Hydroxide(KOH)....For disinfecting livestock
facilities or cleaning processing plants where adequate rinsing
is provided.

(R)....Potassium Permanganate(KMnO4)....For disinfecting livestock
facilites only.

(R)....Potassium Sulfate(K2SO4)....Mined materials only.

(P)....Pyrethroids...Synthetic form of pyrethrins

(R)....Pyrethrums....Only naturally occuring forms are allowed.
Pyrethroides are prohibited. Synthetic additives are not
allowed. Must not include piperonyl butoxide.(see
Piperonyl Butoxide).

(A)....Quassia....A botanical extract

(A)....Rodent Traps....Mechanical traps are acceptable but not with
synthetic baits.

(R)....Rotenone...Very toxic, use with caution. Toxic to fish and
others.

(R)....Ryania....Very toxic, use with caution.

(R)....Sabadilla....Very toxic, use with caution.

(A)....Sea Animal Wastes....Crab and shrimp shells are acceptable for
nematode control if they do not contain any synthetic
materials.

(A)....Seaweed, ground....Typical Analysis: 1-0-2 or 0-0-3.

(R)....Selenium(Se)....May be fed or injected to livestock to treat
for documented deficiencies.

(P)....Sewage Sludge....Likely to be contaminated with heavy metals.

(A)....Soaps....Insecticidal and herbicidal soaps consisting of fatty
acids derived from animal or vegetable OK. May also be used as
adjuvants (spreader-stickers, surfactants and carriers). May
be used as a disinfectant for livestock also.

(A)....Sodium Borate....For soil application or dilution and spraying.

(R)....Sodium Fluoaluminate....This material is now being mined in
Greenland and the natural form is allowed with restrictions. May
seriously injure some fruit. Residues can be toxic and persistent,
but are easily washed off. Wash off all residues before marketing.

(P)....Sodium Hydroxide(NaOH)

(R)....Sodium Molybdate....Acceptable as a last resort. Use other
sources of Molybdenum if at all possible.

(P)....Sodium Nitrate(Chilean Nitrate)....Not allowed because of high
sodium content, and lack of positive effects on soil building.

(P)....Soil Fumigants

(A)....Soybean Meal....Used as a soil amendment. Typical Analysis:
6-1-2.

(P)....Spray Adjuvants, synthetic....Spreader-stickers, surfactants,
carriers and wetting agents.

(A)....Sticky Traaps...see Adhesive Traps

(R)....Strychnine(C21H22N2O2)....Botanical extract from Nox vomica.
Allowed for rodent control only. Must not be left on ground
surface. USE EXTREME CAUTION. Acceptable for use only if grower
demonstrates continued research into alternatives to
strychnine.

(A)....Suffocating Oils....This includes dormant and summer oils on
woody plants only for pest control purposes. Vegetable and
animal derived oils preferred. Petroleum based suffocating oils
are also allowed. They are highly refined and made primarily
of alkanes which have been shown to be relatively non-toxic to
humans. (See Petroleum Distillates).

(R)....Sugar Beet Lime....May contain substantial herbicide residues
and weed seeds. Use only if documented to be residue-free.

(A)....Sulfate of Potash Magnesia....Sulfate of potash magnesia
(derived from the mineral langebite) is acceptable. Also known
as K Mag.

(R}....Sulfates of Zinc....May be used only to corrrect iron
defeciencies determined by soil or plant tissue testing. May be
used as trace minerals.

(R)....Sulfur(S)....Acceptable for foliar use as an insecticide,
fungicide or fertilizer. Direct applicaiton to soil is
discouraged. Must be from a mined source. Prohibited for post-
harvest treatment.

(P)....Sulfur Dioxide(SO2)....This prohibition applies to any post-
harvest use.

(A)....Summer Oils....For cautious use on woody plants only. No carrot
or weed oils. (See Suffocating Oils).

(P)....Transpiration Blockers, synthetic

(P)....Transplants....Not grown organically(annuals)

(A)....Traps....Physical traps are permitted but they must not contain
synthetic bait because the target pest could introduce the toxic
chemical into the agro-ecosystem throught their body.

(R)....Treated Seeds....May contain fungicides, pesticides or heavy
metals. Only allowed if no other option is available for the
type of seed needed. This applies to potatoes for seed. Sweet
potato slips are considered to be transplants and as such must
be organically grown.

(A)....Tree Seals....Plant or milk-based paints are recommended but
interior latex paints may be usued. Other petroleum materials may
be used if there is no alternative. Must not be combined with
fungicides or other synthetic chemicals.

(P)....Triple Phosphate

(P)....Urea

(A)....Vegetable Oil....Spreader-stickers, surfactants, and spray
adjuvants carriers. Plant oil based adjuvants must be comprised
of at least 90% plant oil and may not contain synthetic
pesticides.

(A)....Vermiculite

(A)....Virus Sprays....Must be approved by OCIA Internal Review
Committee on a product specific basis. Codling Moth Branulosis
virus is acceptable. No genetically engineered viruses are
allowed.

(R)....Vitamin Baits, synthetic....Used as a rodenticide

(R)....Vitamins, synthetic....Allowed for use as a feed supplement in
livestock.

(P)....Weed Oils

(A)....Wetting Agents, natural....Includes saponins microbial wetting
agents.

(P)....Wetting Agents, synthetic

(A)....Whey, Dairy....Used as soil amendment

(A)....Woodash....Typical Analysis: 0-2-6; be careful of sources.

(A)....Worm Castings

* * * * * * * *

The Organic Food Production Act of 1990; Recommendations for
The National List by the National Organic Standards Board as
of November, 1995

Crops Materials

see http://www.cfarm.com/nosb/new/materials.htm
http://www.organic.org/guide/materials.html

I. The following materials have been determined to be synthetic and
allowed for use in organic crop production:

Alcohol (Ethanol)....Permitted for use as a disinfectant.
Alcohol (Isopropanol)....Permitted for use as a disinfectant.
Ammonium Carbonate....For use as bait in insect traps only. Can
not be in direct contact with crop or soil.
Antibiotics (Streptomycin sulfate)....Permitted for use as a
fireblight control in apples and pears only. To be
reviewed again in two years.
Antibiotics (Terramycin) - (Oxytetracycline calcium complex)....
To be reviewed again in two years.
Aquatic Plants Extracts (Other than hydrolyzed)....Extraction
process is limited to the use of potassium hydroxide and
sodium hydroxide. The amount of the solvent used is not
to exceed the amount necessary for extraction.
Chlorine Bleach (Calcium hypochlorite, sodium hypochlorite,
chlorine dioxide)....Acceptable for cleaning irrigation
systems. Allowed for disinfecting and sanitizing food
contact surfaces. Residual chlorine levels for washwater
in direct contact with crops or food, and in flush water
from cleaning irrigation systems that is applied to
crops or fields cannot exceed the maximum residual
disinfectant limit under the Safe Drinking Water Act
(currently 4 mg/L expressed as Cl2). This substance is
to be reviewed again in two years.
Coppers, Fixed....May be used for disease control. May not be
used as an herbicide. Shall be used in a manner that
prevents excessive copper accumulation in the soil.
Hydrogen Peroxide
Lignin Sulfonate....Allowed for use with micro nutrients and
macro nutrients and as a chelating agent. Also allowed for
use as a dust suppressant and a floatation agent.
Magnesium Sulfate....Allowed for use as a soil amendment with a
documented Magnesium deficiency.
Newspaper Mulch....Glossy paper and colored ink paper is
prohibited.
Petroleum Distillates....Restricted to petroleum derivatives
with a 50% boiling point at 10 mm mercury pressure between
415 degrees Fm and 440 degrees Fo, plus or minus 8 degrees
Fo. Aromatic petroleum solvents including, but not limited
to, benzene, napthalene, toluene, and xylene are
prohibited. Allowed for use in organic production as
suffocating or stylet oils on foliage and as inert
Ingredients. May be applied to dormant perennials. Direct
application to harvested crop is prohibited. Petroleum
distillates may not be used as either weed or carrot oils
in organic production. Land covered with petroleum
derived pavement and road oils cannot be cetrified for 3
years following application.
Plastic Mulch and Covers[Petroleum based; other than poly-vinyl
chloride (PVC)]....PVC is prohibited. Petroleum based
plastics other than PVC are acceptable. Restricted by
OFPA as having to be removed at the end of each growing
or harvestiong season; also, shall not be incorporated
into the soil or left in the field to decompose.
Sticky Traps and Barriers
Vitamins D1, C, and E
Vitamin D3....Permitted as rodenticide.

II. The following materials have been determined to be synthetic and
unacceptable for use in organic crop production:

Antibiotics (Avermectin)
Arsenate Treated Lumber...Effective on the publication date of
the final rule, the use of arsenate (and other prohibited
materials) treated lumber is prohibited for new
construction and replacement purposes. Certification
applicants shall provide records to the certifying agent
that arsenate (and other prohibited materials) treated
lumber was not installed within 36 months immediately
preceding the initial harvest date of any organic agri-
cultural products. In no case shall arsenate (and other
prohibited materials) treated lumber be allowed in instal-
lations in contact with the soil and used to grow veget-
ables (soil bed).
Gypsum By-Product (From flue trappings and fertilizer
manufacture)
Gypsum By-Product (From drywall manufacture)
Killed Microbial Pesticide (Pseudomonas florescens with Bt gene)
Leather By-Product
Potassium Nitrate (Niter)

III. The following materials have been determined to be non-synthetic
and recommended for placement on the Prohibited Naturals List:

None

IV. The following materials have been determined to be non-synthetic
and not within the scope of the National List:

Gypsum By-Product (Mined source)
Potassium Chloride (Muriate of Potash)....Only the mined source
is considered non-synthetic. Any use shall be in a manner
that prevents excessive chloride accumulation in soils.
Soil tsting may be required in both treated and untreated
adjacent soils to verify absence of chloride build-up.
Sodim Bicarbonate

V. The following materials have been tabled by the NOSB:

Potassium Permanganate
Sulfur Dioxide

VI. The following petitioned materials are deemed by the NOSB to be
synthetic, imcompatible with organic farming systems, prohibited
by the Organic Foods Production Act of 1990 and should not be
reviewed by the Technical Advisory Panel:

Benomyl
Captan
Glyphosphate
Nethoxychlor
Thiram