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Oppiliappan List Archive: Message 00132 Jul 2003

 
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SrI:

Dear SrI RanganAtha BhakthAs:

We will continue with the study of the First Paasuram now.
We studied the word by word meaning and focused on the word
Kathiravan chosen by ThoNDardippodi as the first word for 
the Dhivya prabahnadham and dwelled on the Saama Vedic 
significance of Kathiravan/Adithyan in the previous posting.
Let us start with the first line of this Paasuram
and dwell on the significance of the word , "Kathiravan"
from the Rg Vedic and Atharava Vedam point of view.

"Kathiravan GuNa Disai sikaram vanthaNainthAn"
**********************************************
Kathiravn is Aadityan/Sooryan. Kathiravan visualized as
the composite of 12 AdithyAs(DhvAdasa AdityAs/ Twelve soverign 
Principles).

These Twelve AdityAs are embodiments of the laws that 
adminisiter the divine laws and the human socciety
as saluted by Rg Vedic Rks ( I.115.1-6).

The significance of Adityan/Kathiravan
***************************************
Adithyan is at the center of life, warmth , energy and 
is considered by ChAndhOgya Upanishad (3.19.1) to be
at the boundary of the unmanifest(avyAkrutham) and 
the manifest(articulation of names and forms).
"As the source of light, physical, mental, spiritual,
Kathiravan (Dhinakaran) is the nearest image of 
divinity living in the middle of solar sphere 
(in the middle of Soorya maNDalam as Soorya NaarAyanan)".

The Lord at the center of Adhithya MaNDalam
********************************************
The dhyAna slOkam used in the SandhyA Vandhanam 
visualizes the Soorya mandaLa Madhyakan as 
SrIman NaarAyaNan with four hands, weapons 
and AabharaNams:

"YodEva: SavithAsmAkam dhiyO dharmAdhi gOcharA:
prErayEth Yasya tath bharga: tadh varENyam upAsmahE

Adithya maNDalE dhyAyEth ParamAthmAnam avyayam
VishNum chathurbhujam , rathna pankajAsana-madhyakam 

kirIDa hAra kEyUra kadakAthi vibhUshitham
Srivatsa VanamAlA SrI TuLasi kowsthupOjwalam

Harim PeethAmbharadharam Sankha chakra gadhAdharam
prasanna vadhanam rathna kunDalair-maNDithAnanam
Sarva rathna samAyuktham SarvAbharaNa BhUshitham ".

Many Names and Kinds of Adhityan
*********************************
The Sun (Kathiravan) is saluted as Bharga(evolver) ,
Nourisher(Savithru),Thousand-rayed One( SahasrAmsu),
Made of Twelve parts ( DvaadasAthman), Gem of the sky
(Dhyu MaNi), The shining one(arka), Killer of darkness
(Tamisra-han), Maker of light (BHAskara), Maker of day
(DhivAkara)and resplendent One(Vivasvat).

There are six AdityAs in Rg Veda , Eight in TaittirIya
BrAmaNa and Twelve in Sathapatha BrahmaNa (11.6.3,8)
and VishNu purAnam.

Kathiravn Saluted by Rg vedam
*******************************
chithram dEvAnAm ud agAd aneekam cakshur mitrasya
VaruNasyAgnEh , aaprA dhyAvApruTivee anthariksham 
Soorya aathmA jagatas tasthushasccha--I.115.1

(Meaning): Yonder has arisen with mysterious and 
wonderful divine lustre , the eye of our light, life
and energy. He has filled the celestial regions , this
earth and the space between the sky and the earth with 
His effulgence and glory. This Sun( Soorya NaarAyaNan)
is the anthraathmA of all chEthanams and achEthanams.

SooryO dEveem Ushasam rochamAnAm maryO na 
yOshAmabhyEthi pascchAth , yathrA narO dEvayanthO 
yugAni vithanvathE prathi BHADHRAAYA BHADHRAM --I.115.2

(Meaning): Just as a Young man follows a comely maiden,
Suryan follows the divine and brilliant dawns. Pious people 
aspiring to be divine and desirous of rewards for their
KarmAnushtAnams perform rituals addressed to Him according
to prescribed times .

BhadrA asvA haritha: Sooryasya chithrA yEtagvA anunAdhyAsa:
namasyanthO dhiva aa prushDamasTu: pari dhyAvA-peuTivee
yanthi sadhya: ----I.115.3

(meaning): Our salutations to the blissful glory of
the rays of the Sun , who ascends the summit of the sky
and is driven by the strong , swift horses yoked to
a chariot (with one wheel) and travels on a road in
interspace and circumambulates the earth and the heaven.

Tath-Sooryasya dEvathvam tanmahithvam madhyA kartOr vitatam 
sa jabhAra, yadEd ayukta harita: sadhasTAd aadh rAthri
vAsastanuthE simasmai--I.115.4

(meaning ): great indeed is the divinity and grandeur
of the radiant Sun . When He sets , He withdraws in to
Himself His widely spread rays . As He pulls in to
Himself the rays representing His vaibhavam , it is
like the unyoking of the seven horses from His chariot
leading to the onset of night and the the spreading of
the veil of darkness over all.

adhyA dEvA udithA Sooryasya nirahamsa: pipruthA 
niravadhyAth , tannO mithrO VaruNO mAmahanthAmadhithi:
sindhu: pruTivee utha dhyaou: 

(meaning): On This day, Oh Divine Forces , this is 
our prayer to You ! With this SUryOdhayam, deliver us 
from terrible crimes and spare us from any dishonors.
May the venerable Soorya Mandala Madhyakan , our Lord 
possessing the abundant wealth of the two VibhUthis 
including the oceans, earth and celestial regions 
and grant us our wishes ! 

ThoNDaradippodi was a vedic scholar and he invoked hence 
Kathiravan with the First word of His dhivya prabhandham .
AzhwAr will conclude with reference to Kathiravan in
the final (Tenth) Paasuram of ThiruppaLLiyezhucchi.

GuNa disai Sikharam vanthaNainthAn & The Twelve AdithyAs
********************************************************
GuNa disai is GuNakku disai or the Eastern direction.
AzhwAr informs Lord RanganAthan that Kathiravan has
arrived to perform His duties and has embraced 
the mountain peak in the Eastern direction.

We may inquire with the help of Rg Vedam & VishNU
PurANam as to who this Adityan is and what twelve 
benovolent aspects are represented in Him to lead 
to His mighty grandeur and why His arrival on 
the eastern peak is important in the lives of 
humans and the gods. 

All aspects of the twelve AdithyAs are incorporated 
in this Kathiravan , who has just about become visble on
the Eastern peak. 

The Twelve AdityAs
*******************
The first of the twelve AdityAs is Mithra, who represents 
friendship and solidarity.The comradeship among men and 
the friendship between the men and their Lord is indicated 
by Mithra .The benovolent Mithra is the guide towards 
moral actions that guide us.He is usually associated 
with VaruNa in Rg Veda Manthram .

The second of the twelve AdithyAs is AryamAn (Chivalry).
The laws behind hospitality , the maintenance of sanaathana
dharmam , anushtAnam and sampradhAyam are guarded by
AryamAn .

The third of the twelve AdithyAs resting on the Eastern mountain
is Bhaga , the inherited share of wealth covering Rayi, Rai,
rutham , dhAna , Yaj~na et al leading to inward tranquility
( Rg Vedam: 7.41.2-3).

VaruNa , the mysterious binder is the Fourth of the AdithyAs.
In Vedic parlance , VaruNa is associated with MithrA.His
mysterious powers are saluted by Vedam (Rg Vedam: VI.48.14,
X.99.10, IV.42.2). "He has bound together the hours of the day
and established the morning with magic art".He is seen beyond
all things and is saluted as Omniscient (Rg vedam:VIII.41.3,
VIII.41-6-7, I.25.7-9.

DakshA, the Fifth AdhithyA , the power behind the technique
of ritual skills that deals with the complex steps of Soma
Yaj~nAs (Rg.Vedam I.91.7 & 10.75.5).The DevAs are created
and sustained thru havis offered to them with ritual skills.

Amsa, the non-inherited share of wealth (Rg.Vedam: I.102.4).
It is the opposite of the inherited share, Bhaga . Amsa is 
the sixth Adithya representing the earned wealth.

TvashtA , the shaper of security and progress through
craftsmanship is the Seventh Adithya , who is connected 
somewhat to the next two AdityAs, Pushan( the nourisher
and protector of cattle) and Vivasvath(the embodiment of 
Morality: Rg Vedam X.14.1)).Weapons are produced through 
His craftsmanship (Atharva Vedam:12.3.33).TvashtA bestows 
long life and prospertity as well as confers generative 
power on humans and dEvAs. TvashtA , Pushan and Vivasvath 
are thus the Seventh, Eighth and Ninth AdithyAs respectively. 

Savithru , " the vivifier" is recognized as the magic
power of (Vedic) words(manthrams). He as the Tenth 
AdithyA is linked to the elventh and the twelfth AdityAs,
Sakra (The Mighty , the divinity of Courage )and VishNu
(the all pervading jyothi of Knowledge representing and
protecting the cosmic law sustaining the three worlds).

Thus all the AdithyAs united together and controlled 
by the Aditya MaNDala Madhyakan, SrI Soorya NaarAyaNa 
parabrahmam guards and guides us in our lives . We become
Mumukshus ( those desirous of Moksham) and perfrom SaraNAgathy
and attain the matchless blessings of nithya Kaimkaryam
to the Lord in His nithya vibhUthi.When one says " nandhathi
udhitha AdithyE "( one rejoices over the rising of the Sun) , 
one has all these prospective happiness in in mind through 
participating in ThirupaLLiyezucchi of the Lord
and becoming the objects of His dhivya KaruNA KatAksham.

NamO Rg Veda SvaroopAya , SrI RanganAthAya,
BhakthAngri rENu Daasan , Oppiliappan Koil V.Sadagopan 





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