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Oppiliappan List Archive: Message 00154 Jun 2004

 
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SrI:
        
Dear BhakthAs of  Lord  PaarTasArathy :
        
Today , we  will  study the SIXTEENTH Chapter of
SrImath Bhagvath GeethA .This chapter has 
24  slOkams . This chapter is about " The Divine
and the Demonaic Types ". 
 
Introduction to the SIXTEENTH Chapter :
******************************************
AchArya RaamAnujA's commentary as translated by 
Swamy AdhidEvAnandha is as follows :

" In the preceding three chapters were elucidated 
the following , (1) What constitutes the nature of 
the physical reality (Prakruthi) , i.e.,  of the individual
self ( purusha) taken seperately and in conjunction with
each other ; (2) that their conjunction is the result of 
attachment to the GuNAs , and their seperation ,
the rsult of nonattachment ; (3) that Prakruthi and
the individual self in whatever modes of existence 
they be , both constitute the glory (VibhUthi) of
the Lord ; and (4) that the real nature of the Lord 
as the Supreme Person is distinct from unconscient
matter  and conscient entity in both the states of 
bondage and freedom , as He is immutable , pervading ,
supporting and ruling .

Immediately afterwards , the Lord speaks( in this chapter)
about  the division into the divine and emonical creations . 
This division is based upon whether the person denoted 
follows the SaasthrAs or not. Those who follow the SaasthrAs
are classed as divine , and the others who violate them as
demonical. The purpose of this teaching is to impress that
submission to the SaasthrAs(VedAs)  is necessary for getting 
established in all the teachings given earlier , including
those on conduct (anushtAnam) ." 
 
Swamy AlavanthAr's summary of the 16th chapter
*****************************************************
dEvAsura vibhAgOkthi poorvikA sAshtravasyathA
TatthvAnushtAna -- vij~nasTEmnE shOdasa uchyathE

(Meaning ): " The sixteenth chapter deals first with 
the distinction between the divine and the demonaic 
natures in order to establish what is truth and 
what is right conduct , which can be attained by 
submission to the SaasthrAs ".

In the creation of janthus , there are the divisions of
DhaivAmsam and asurAmsam . Those with dhaivAmsam
will be guided by the Bhagavath SaasthrAs ( Saasthra-
vasyA: ) . Those with asurAmsam ( demonaic types)
will transgress those ordained Saasthrams . BhagavAn
instructs us through ArjunA that we must follow His 
SaasthrAs and belong to the divine type ( DhaivAmsam) 
so that Tatthva Jn~Anam and UpAya Jn~Anam for mOksha
siddhi can be firmly  established in us.   

Swamy  Desikan's summary of the 16th Chapter
***************************************************
aaNai maRavAthar Devar alvazhakkOr asurar
kONai marAtha guNacchelva  nee kuRikkoL maRayaip-
pENiya tatthuvamum piNiyaRRa kirisaihaLum
kANN ithanAl VisayA yenRu KaNNan iyampinanE

(Meaning ): The dhaivAmsam is possessed by those with 
Dhaiva sampath ( AaNai maraathavar) . They follow the vedic 
injunctions . That is their dominant behavioral feature .
The key aspect of Aasura prakruthis is the transgression of 
Vedic commands .Oh ArjunA having dhaiva sampath ! 
Please follow Vedam for guidance about what karmAs 
are to be done and what are to be discarded .
Through VedAs , gain the Jn~Anam about the Para Tatthvam
and cultivate the habit of doing your ordained karmAs 
without attachment to their fruits .  Dhaiva sampath leads to
Moksha saadhanam . Therefore follow the VedAs and 
SaasthrAs to gain MOksha sukham ! 

Some key slOkams of the fourteenth chapter :
************************************************
The first three slOkams offer clear definitions of 
the Divine type. The Fourth slOkam sets the tone for
the detailed description of the  behavior of  the demonaic
type. BhagavAn dwells elaborately on the culture and 
mind set of the Demonaic types (SlOkams 7-17) so we can 
recognize these features and avoid them .  We will follow 
now the commentary of Swamy  Desikan in Taathparya 
Chandrikai here.

SlOkams 1-3 ( Features of the Divine Type )
*******************************************

The distinguishing features of those with DhaivAmsam are:

1) Fearlessness(abhayam)  and freedom from sorrow 
over losing what is dear .

(2) Purity of mind ( Satthva-- samsuddhi)  charcterized by
the freedom from desire , anger , jealousy  and deciet . 

(3) Jn~Ana yOga Vyavasthai :  Devotion to meditation on 
the knowledge of the self ( Jn~Ana yOga vyavasTithithi ); 
focused existence to comprehend the true nature of the Self.  

(4) Saathvika dhAnam ( alms giving of rightfully earned 
things to the qualified Saathvika adhikAris )  

 (5) dhama : self-control and preventing the mind from 
straying into improper areas . 

(6) Yajn~a : the performance of Nithya naimithtika KarmAs
like Bhagavath AarAdhanam , Deva Yajn~am , Pithru Yajn~am ,
BhUtha Yajn~Am , Manushya Yaj~nam and Brahma Yajn~am . 

(7) SvAdhyAya: The study of the VedAs with the clear
understanding that the subject of the VedAs is all about
BhagavAn's glories and the ways to worship Him .

(8) Tapa: Penance /austerity to shrink the BhOgAnubhavam of
the material kind (e.g)., Krichra , SaanthrAyaNa , DhvAdasi
and EkAdasi vrathams as well as SravaNa dhvAdasi UpavAsam .

(9) Aarjavam ( uprightness) ; the compatibility of mind , body 
and spech with respect to interaction with others . consistency
in three karaNams , when it comes to interactions with others.

(10) non-volence (ahimsA) .The guiding line is : " Ahimsa 
ParamO Dharma: " .

(11) Sathya ( Truthful behavior  at all levels) ; Sathyam
BhUtha hitham prOktham " is the pramANam.

 (12) KrOdha--thyAga:  abandonment of anger towards
oneself and others .

(13) Saanthi:  Peaceful attitude developed by control over
external/sensory organs .

(14) apaisunam :  non-slandering of others  .

(15)  DayA bhUthEshu:  compassion to all beings .

(16) alOlupathvam: distaste for things unfit for pursuit .
Control of desire leading to action to acquire or taste them .

(17) Maardhavam: gentleness to others to enhance
approachability .

(18) HrI : the development of a sense of shame over
doing unfit things inconsistent with the SaashthrAs.

(19) achApalam : Removal of desire from tempting 
things even if they are near (Vishaya saanidhya
achApalam ).

(20)tEja: Grandeur or ability to stay over insults of
ill meaning ones ( Parai: anapaneeyathvam) .

(21) KshamA : Forbearance nad tolerance towards
those who offend .

(22) Dhruthi: Firmness of resolve even during times of
danger and observance of SaashtrOktha karmAs at
all times without slipping . " SmarthavyO BhagavAn Hari: " 
( To think of the Lord with resolve at those times instead of
panicking ) . 

(23) Soucham: Cleanliness and Purity of body , mind & Speech.

(24) adhrOham : freedom from hatred and control of condcut 
by the strong towards the weak in a unfair fashion.

(25) NaathimAnithA: controlling over-pride (asTAnE garva: ).

BhagavAn asks Arjuna to follow the above routes and develop
divine wealth ( Bhavanthi sampadham dhaiveem abhijAthasya
Bharatha ! ) . " Pomposity , arrogance , self-conciet , wrath ,
rudeness and ignorance " are identified as the traits of 
the demonaic type. The One with dhaivee sampath is 
set for gaining mOksham , whereas the One with Aaasuri
Sampath ends up in bondage . GeethAchAryan identifies 
the triad of Desire , wrath and greed as the "triple gateway 
to Narakam " and asks ArjunA to avoid them at all costs.

SlOkmas 23 & 24
*******************
The importance of Saasthrams (VedAs) in guiding one towards
Dhaivee Sampath is stressed by the Lord at the end of the 16th
Chapter of Bhagavath GeethA . Our Lord says that anyone following 
his desires and abandoning the injunctions of His SaasthrAs will 
never attain perfection or happiness in this world nor siddhi in
the other world . That defiant and wilful one  is doomed forever . 

tasmAth Saasthram pramANam tE kAryAkarya vyavasTithou
jn~AthvA Saasthra vidhAnOktham karma karthumihArhasi
--- --- 24 th and final slOkam of the 16th Chapter

(Meaning) : " Therefore let SaasthrAs be your authority for
determining what should be done and what should not be done.
Knowing what is enjoyed in the injunctions of the SaasthrAs,
You should perform work here ". The Vedic injunctions complimented by
the dharma SaasthrAs are identified by the Lord as the sure means 
to please Him and to attain Him .  

Sarvam KrishNArpaNam asthu ,
     
Daasan , Oppiliappan  KOil VaradachAri SadagOpan 
Srimate Sri Laksminrisimha Divya Paduka Sevaka
SrivaNN Satakopa Sri Narayana Yatindra Mahadesikaya Nama: 



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