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TEXTILE MATERIALS WITH BARRIER PROPERTIES |
Leader of the group: Borovkov
Nikolai Yu. Ph.D 1998, Institute of Solution Chemistry |
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Staff: Zubkova Nina S. |
The technologies being developed aim at the creation of textile materials with barrier properties (in particular, fire-proof and repellent) and are based on the application of the preparations in special disperse forms - microcapsules, microgranules, and microcrystalls.
The manufacture of bio-barrier fabrics of such type presupposes pasting the finish (which contains the microencapsulated composition) upon the ready-made textile substrate. Originally Borovkov produced microcapsules with an insect repellent inside and a complex shell composed of acrilate and gelatine which possesses improved physical chsracteristics (mechanical, heat and water resistance) and provide slow release of the repellent into external medium. The proposed finishing compositions, in contrast to the existing technologies (for example, US 4514461, 1985), do not include the components which are necessary to ensure the adhesion of microcapsules to a substrate, microcapsules in these compositions can be called "self-fixing" because of their ability to adhere to directly textile substrate, without the application of any auxiliary substance. Beginning from 1988, experiments on physical modelling are being undertaken in order to bring to light the interrelations between the kinetics of repellent release and the efficiency of its action. The results will be used as a theoretical grounds for creating textile materials which will preserve the required repellent properties over a long period of time.
Fire-proof textile materials (threads, veins) are obtained by means of introducing the disperse combustion retardant with methylphosphone acid as the main component into a polymer melt just before the formation of the polymer. In 1998 modelling and practical experiments are being undertaken to develop a new combustion retarder belonging to the type of melt additives which would satisfy all modern requirements. It implies that the new combustion retarder would be halogen-free, environmentally safe, would not cause the changes in the rheological properties of a melt and deterioration of physico-mechanical thermoplast characteristics. New combustion retarder in its essence is a modified additive, i.e. along with the main component it contains a sub-additive which performs the function of lessening the unfavourable influence of the main component upon the physico-mechanical properties of fire-proof polymer. The principle advantage of the new preparation over existing materials (Amgard 1045) is that it can impart fire-proof properties to a thermoplast of any chemical nature. This universality can be achieved by altering the quality and quantity of sub-additives. The new combustion retarder is produced in form of compact microgranules.
The optimization of disperse forms of the preparations for the textile industry is based on the investigation of systems which simulate both kinds of interactions - between the components of disperse particles themselves, and between the components and textile substrate.
The following methods are used in the experiment:
thermogravimetric,
physico-mechanical,
element analysis,
electron microscopy,
oxygen index determination.
1. Borovkov N.Yu., Sibrina G.V., Blokhina S.V. Permeability of
microcapsule envelopes based on unmodified gelatine, Zhurnal prikladnoi khimii
(J.Appl.Chem.), Vol.67, No 3, (1994), P.466-468.
2. Zubkova N.S., Tyuganova M.A., Borovkov N.Yu., Moryganov A.P. Fire-proofing of
polyethylene terephthalate and polycaproamide with the fire-retardant microencapsulated in
the polymer shell. Khimicheskije volokna (Chem.Fibers), No 5, (1995), P.40-43.
3. Zubkova N.S., Tyuganova M.A., Moryganov A.P., Borovkov N.Yu. Fire-proof composition,
C09K 21/12, 21/14, C08K 5/5399, 9/10, Russ. Patent application, No
95122538/04, 29.12.95.
4. Borovkov N.Yu., Sibrina G.V., Zheleznov K.N. Possible application of microcapsules with
gelatine shells as isolating system. Izvestija Vuzov. Khimija i khimicheskaja technologija,
Vol.39, No1-2, (1996), P.58-61.
5. Borovkov N.Yu., Moryganov A.P., Sibrina G.V. Mechanical properties of microcapsules.
Zhurnal prikladnoi khimii (J.Appl.Chem.), Vol.69, No 4, (1996), P.613-617.
6. Latyshev V.N., Naumov A.G., Chirkin S.A., Borovkov N.Yu., Sibrina G.V. Process for
microcapsules preparation. B 01 J 13/06, 13/20, Russ. Patent application, No
96120505/04, 08.10.96.
7. Zubkova N.S., Borovkov N.Yu.,Tyuganova M.A., Moryganov A.P. Preparation of fire-proof
polyethylene terephthalate using new forms of phosphorus powdery fire retardant. In:
Textile Chemistry - Theory, Technology, Equipment / Ed. A.P.Moryganov. : Nova Sci.
Publishers, Inc., Commack, New-York, 1997, P.25-32.
8. Valkova L.A., Shabyshev L.S., Borovkov N.Yu., Feigin L.A. "Flat" or
"edge-on" molecular arrangement in monolayers of subsatituted azoporphyrins,
Materials of the 8th Int. Conf on Organized Molecular Films. Asilomar, California,
24-29.08.97.
9. Borovkov N.Yu., Moryganov A.P., Chirkin S.A., Zubkova N.S., Tyuganova M.A. Physical and
fire-proof properties of aramide microcapsules of methylphosphonic acid based fire
retardant. Zhurnal prikladnoi khimii (J.Appl.Chem.), in print.
10.Borovkov N.Yu. Application of Heckel equation for characterising the products of
sperical crystallization of methionine. Theor. Found. of Chem. Technol.,
Vol.24, (1988), No2, P. 190-193.