Re: (To Carl) Two routes to the passive voice

From: Moon-Ryul Jung (moon@saint.soongsil.ac.kr)
Date: Sun Apr 18 1999 - 06:58:37 EDT


Dear Carl,
thanks for the clarification of your theory. It creates a clearer picture
in my mind. Let me ask some clarifying questions.

>it is only those
> transitive verbs regularly having an active voice that have this full
> complement of forms in all three voices in the aorist and the future, e.g.
> ELUSE/ELUSATO/ELUQH and LUSEI, LUSETAI, LUQHSETAI. On the other hand, the
> so-called "deponent" verbs that have no active voice form in the present
> but only a middle voice form, fall into two separate categories which are
> traditionally called "middle deponents" and "passive deponents." (a)
> "Middle deponents": QEAOMAI has only a middle aorist and future:
> QEASATO/QEASETAI; so also does hHGEOMAI: hHGHSATO/hHGHSETAI;

(b) "Passive
> deponents" constitute a much larger group: many or most of these have a
> middle future and a "passive" aorist: DUNAMAI: HDUNHQH/DUNHSETAI;
> POREUOMAI: POREUQH/POREUSETAI;
some have both aorist and future -QH- forms:
> FOBEOMAI: EFOBHQH/FOBHQHESETAI
>

> >2) It is always true that the second aorist has both the active
> >and the passive form, while the third aorist has only the active
> >form which can be coerced into the passive?
>
> It depends on what you mean by second aorist: I would use the term only of
> thematic forms, like EPIQETO ("he obeyed") or EGENETO ("it happened," "came
> to pass"); I wouldn't refer to forms like EBLABH or EGRAFH as "second
> aorists" but rather as "second passives."

But I remember that you categorized forms like EBLABH, EGRAFH, EFANH
together
with -QH- aorists as third aorist. I guessed that Q was omitted after B,F,
N, etc, it is right?. Anyway do you consider -QH- aorist as "first
passive"
and forms like EBLABH or EGRAFH as "second passive"? Do forms like EBLABH
and
EGRAFH behave exactly like -QH- aorist?

> I'll try to state this more fully in my revised account of voice in the
> ancient Greek verb, but the proposition I'm affirming is that the -QH- and
> -QHS- forms are NOT really essentially passive but rather become in later
> Greek the standard forms of the aorist and of the future respectively,
> taking the place in those two tenses of the MAI/SAI/TAI/MEQA/SQE/NTAI forms
> of the other Greek tenses. In other words, it is MISLEADING to ASSUME (and
> to TEACH) that the -QH- forms are ESSENTIALLY passive in meaning; it would
> be more accurate to say that they are ESSENTIALLY equivalent to the
> MAI/SAI/TAI "middle/passive" forms of the other tenses, and that they have
> passive meanings only when those MAI/SAI/TAI forms in the other tenses
> commonly have passive meanings.

I think this statement is really a clarification. Before you seemed to
made
us think -QH- aorists are "active aorists" (third aorists),
which can be coerced to the passive. Now you seem to say that -QH- aorists
are "middle aorists" and they can be coerced to the passive as middle
forms
usually do.

Respectfully
Moon-Ryul Jung
Assistant Professor
Dept of Computer Science
Soongsil University
Seoul,Korea

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