From: Mark Beatty (marksresearch@hawaii.rr.com)
Date: Fri Jun 22 2001 - 02:19:36 EDT
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<DIV><FONT color=#0000ff face=Arial size=2><SPAN class=139334500-22062001>Dear 
Cindy, </SPAN></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#0000ff face=Arial size=2><SPAN 
class=139334500-22062001></SPAN></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#0000ff face=Arial size=2><SPAN class=139334500-22062001>Thank 
you for your comments. I hope the following addresses your 
concerns.</SPAN></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#0000ff face=Arial size=2><SPAN 
class=139334500-22062001></SPAN></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#0000ff face=Arial size=2><SPAN class=139334500-22062001>First, 
my comments on word order in my post attempted to be in non technical language. 
My terms, however, come out of a very theoretical background. "Uneconomic" means 
something like, "violating immediate feature checking by forcing formation of 
chains rather then base generating the word or phrase in an environment allowing 
immediate feature checking." I believe this is in line with the main stream 
syntax theories of linguistics from people like Noam Chomsky. As I mentioned in 
my last contribution, we can be confident that such a definition of "uneconomic" 
is correct if it actually does work in all the 6,808 living languages--as well 
as many dead ones. </SPAN></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#0000ff face=Arial size=2><SPAN 
class=139334500-22062001></SPAN></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#0000ff face=Arial size=2><SPAN class=139334500-22062001>In 
light of this, my theory, if correct, should work not only in all languages in 
the world but in all forms of Greek, Classical, Biblical, Modern, and all the 
dialects of them. As I understand Greek, this aspect of syntax has not changed 
in the last 2,500 or so years. That five of the occurrences are quotes from the 
LXX is not relevant to the mechanics of syntax. If the word order has been 
changed AND there was some clear discourse purpose then that could support my 
theories indirrectly. The reason for any change might simply be because the LXX 
translation was not that good, or the point the author of Hebrews was making is 
different than the point the author of the particular LXX book was making. If it 
was the same, then perhaps both had some reason for using an uneconomic word 
order. I have not looked up the OT reference for theoretical reasons. The reason 
I have not examined it is that my theory states that the reason behind 
uneconomic word order is semantic (which I take to subsume discourse). To answer 
why the LXX writers used a certain uneconomic form would involve analyzing in 
depth a large portion of scripture. To merely identify it as uneconomic is 
according to mechanical rules of syntax and, according to my 
theoretical package, a simple task.</SPAN></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#0000ff face=Arial size=2><SPAN 
class=139334500-22062001></SPAN></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=139334500-22062001><FONT color=#0000ff face=Arial size=2>As the 
the four occurrences of QEOS in the S ... V pattern, I include the following 
footnotes in my dissertation:  </FONT><FONT face=Arial>
<P class=MsoFootnoteText><FONT size=2><FONT color=#0000ff><SPAN 
class=139334500-22062001>FOOTNOTE: </SPAN>This list was found using 
Gramcord.<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">  </SPAN>The context was set to 5, 
and thus any nominative nouns more than four words away from the verb would not 
have come up on this search.<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">  </SPAN>Some 
occurrences were possibly missed because of this.<SPAN 
style="mso-spacerun: yes">  </SPAN>This was considered acceptable for this 
study, because if the subject is too far from the verb then other variables are 
at play.<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">  </SPAN>These variables could 
hinder comparing verb-subject and subject-verb patterns.<SPAN 
style="mso-spacerun: yes">  </SPAN>In addition, questions were not 
considered.</FONT></FONT></P><FONT size=2><FONT color=#0000ff>
<P class=MsoFootnoteText><SPAN class=139334500-22062001>FOOTNOTE: </SPAN>When 
searching Gramcord certain verbs can be omitted.<SPAN 
style="mso-spacerun: yes">  </SPAN>In this search <SPAN 
style="FONT-FAMILY: Symbol">eimi </SPAN>and <SPAN 
style="FONT-FAMILY: Symbol">ginomai </SPAN>were excluded.<SPAN 
style="mso-spacerun: yes">  </SPAN></SPAN></FONT></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoFootnoteText><FONT color=#0000ff face=Arial size=2><SPAN 
class=139334500-22062001>For me Hebrews 1:1 counts as a verb more than 5 words 
away from the noun. O QEOS is next to a participle which is not relevant to my 
claims. The relevant verb is the indicative ELALHSEN in 1:2.  
</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoFootnoteText><FONT color=#0000ff face=Arial size=2><SPAN 
class=139334500-22062001>In my dissertation I consider other examples that give 
empirical support to my theories. I hope the answers provided here adequately 
address the concerns expressed. When I presented my dissertation to my committee 
they used words like "shocked" and "impressed" by this finding. The reason I 
consider the list of examples as significant is that this observation is a 
result of my theoretical lens. My theoretical perspective that is wholly 
independent from even Biblical Greek resulted in finding this pattern in the 
book of Hebrews. I found a similar pattern with the word KURIOS. Below are 
several relevant paragraphs discussing these findings. </SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoFootnoteText><FONT face=Arial size=2><SPAN 
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT 
color=#0000ff face=Arial size=2>In Hebrews there are 43</FONT><A 
href="outbind://7/#_ftn1" name=_ftnref1 style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1" 
title=""><FONT face=Arial size=2><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN 
style="mso-special-character: footnote">[1]</SPAN></SPAN></FONT></A><FONT 
color=#0000ff face=Arial size=2> occurrences of the verb-subject pattern 
relevant to this study. The 12 copulative verbs</FONT><A 
href="outbind://7/#_ftn2" name=_ftnref2 style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2" 
title=""><FONT face=Arial size=2><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN 
style="mso-special-character: footnote">[2]</SPAN></SPAN></FONT></A><FONT 
color=#0000ff face=Arial size=2> were not considered here because both arguments 
of such verbs have the same case. Infinitives and participles were also not 
considered here because they do not assign nominative case to their external 
arguments (that is their subjects). These 43 occurrences are listed in (<SPAN 
style="mso-field-code: 'REF _Ref507245952 \\r \\h'">260</SPAN>). 
</FONT></SPAN></P>
<DIV style="mso-element: footnote-list"><FONT color=#0000ff><FONT size=2><FONT 
face=Arial><SPAN 
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">Of 
the 43 uneconomic subject structures, 10 have </SPAN><SPAN 
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Greek Parse'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">qeov" 
</SPAN><SPAN 
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">‘God’ 
as the subject, 9 have </SPAN><SPAN 
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Greek Parse'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">kuvrio" 
</SPAN><SPAN 
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">‘Lord,’ 
3 have </SPAN><SPAN 
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Greek Parse'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">iJerei'" 
</SPAN><SPAN 
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><SPAN 
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>‘priest,’ and 2 have </SPAN><SPAN 
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Greek Parse'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">AbraaVm</SPAN><SPAN 
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> 
‘Abraham.’ The other 13 subjects, occurring only once are (in order from above): 
angels, the Spirit, our fathers, the word of the message, a Sabbath rest, Jesus, 
Melchizedek, the law, high priest, Moses, one (covenant), Christ, his enemies, 
sacrifice, soul, ancestors, descendants, Isaac, and women. Six of these 
occurrences follow the verb </SPAN><SPAN 
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Greek Parse'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">levgw</SPAN><SPAN 
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> 
‘to speak.’ </SPAN></FONT></FONT></FONT>
<DIV id=ftn2 style="mso-element: footnote">
<P class=MsoFootnoteText><SPAN 
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT 
color=#0000ff><FONT face=Arial size=2>There are 31<SPAN 
class=139334500-22062001> </SPAN>occurrences of subject-verb patterns. As above, 
copulative verbs, questions, infinitives and participles were omitted. These 
subject-verb patterns are listed in (<SPAN 
style="mso-field-code: 'REF _Ref507251706 \\r \\h'">261</SPAN>). 
</FONT></FONT></P></SPAN>
<P class=MsoFootnoteText><FONT size=2><FONT face=Arial><FONT color=#0000ff><SPAN 
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">Of 
these 31, none have </SPAN><SPAN 
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Greek Parse'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">qeov" 
</SPAN><SPAN 
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">‘God’ 
as the subject, none have </SPAN><SPAN 
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Greek Parse'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">kuvrio" 
</SPAN><SPAN 
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">‘Lord,’ 
1 has </SPAN><SPAN 
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Greek Parse'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">iJerei'" 
</SPAN><SPAN 
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><SPAN 
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>‘priest,’ and 2 have </SPAN><SPAN 
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Greek Parse'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">AbraaVm</SPAN><SPAN 
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> 
‘Abraham.’ The only multiple occurrence subject is </SPAN><SPAN 
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Greek Parse'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">Mwu>sh'" 
</SPAN><SPAN 
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">‘Moses’ 
that occurs 4 times. The other 24 subjects in the economic word order, in the 
verse order as in (<SPAN 
style="mso-field-code: 'REF _Ref507251706 \\r \\h'">261</SPAN>), are: your 
years, every violation and disobedience, the children, every house, dead bodies, 
Joshua, Christ, mortal men, Levi, the people, the law, the day, a tent, gifts 
and sacrifices, the high priest, every priest, Abel, the Egyptians, the walls of 
Jericho, Ra’hab, an animal, his voice, mutual love, the bodies. 
</SPAN></FONT></FONT></FONT></P></DIV></DIV></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#0000ff face=Arial size=2><SPAN class=139334500-22062001>Given 
the reasonable limits I put on my data, I think I covered all relevant passages 
of this particular syntactic structure in the Book of Hebrews. In my 
dissertation I did support my theories with a variety of other syntactic 
structures. Further support for my theories was also mentioned in my last post 
to include the variable positions of prepositions and echo 
questions in both English and Greek. My present research is applying my 
theoretical package to Vietnamese. I am also preparing a paper for ETS in 
November, applying these theories to Hebrews 4:12-13. My theories, however, 
are an integrated package. Seeming holes in one component (such as syntax for 
example) are addressed in the other component (semantics for example).  
</SPAN></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#0000ff face=Arial size=2><SPAN 
class=139334500-22062001></SPAN></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#0000ff face=Arial size=2><SPAN class=139334500-22062001>Again 
thank you for your interest and response. When my dissertation comes out I 
hope you might carefully and critically consider it. I make very 
far-reaching but specific claims that are falsifiable if wrong. I look forward 
to feedback from research whether it supports or damages my theoretical 
package. That is the process of advancing a 
theory. </SPAN></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#0000ff face=Arial size=2><SPAN 
class=139334500-22062001></SPAN></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#0000ff face=Arial size=2><SPAN 
class=139334500-22062001>Sincerely, </SPAN></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#0000ff face=Arial size=2><SPAN 
class=139334500-22062001></SPAN></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#0000ff face=Arial size=2><SPAN class=139334500-22062001>Mark 
Beatty</SPAN></FONT></DIV>
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