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Instructional Materials
W.T.F. Poomse (Forms)
Explanation of stances, movements, and conventions used in Poomse
documentation.
Basic #1
Basic #2
Taegeuk 1 (Il) Jang
Taegeuk 2 (Yi) Jang
Taegeuk 3 (Sam) Jang
Taegeuk 4 (Sa) Jang
Taegeuk 5 (Oh) Jang
Taegeuk 6 (Yuk) Jang
Taegeuk 7 (Chil)
Jang
Taegeuk 8 (Pal) Jang
Palgwe 1 (Il) Jang
Palgwe 2 (Yi) Jang
Palgwe 3 (Sam) Jang
Palgwe 4 (Sa) Jang
Palgwe 5 (Oh) Jang
Palgwe 6
(Yuk) Jang
Palgwe 7 (Chil)
Jang
Palgwe
8 (Pal) Jang
Koryo Poomse
Kumgang Poomse
Taeback
Poomse
Pyongwon
Poomse
Shipjin
Poomse
Jitae
Poomse
Cheonkwon
Poomse
Ilyo Poomse
Illustrated Poomse: (NOTE: Illustrated Poomse directions are from the Judges'
point of view, and OPPOSITE those above)
Taegeuk 1 (Il) Jang
Illustrations borrowed from Purdue Jido Kwan TKD
Forms initial page layout borrowed from UVA Taegeuk Reference
NOTE - This listing is meant to be a reference...as in for refreshing
your memory and not for learning the form for the first time. To
learn the form, it's best to see it and go through it with someone.
Explanation of Poomse Conventions and Tae Kwon Do Stances, Blocks, and
Strikes
Index:
Important General Information for Forms
Virtual Combat of forms
Left and Right Stance convention
Upper and Lower body alignment with different stances:
standard execution of strikes with forward stance, back stance, horseback
stance, etc. (includes explanation of arrow/compass direction convention
used in forms documentation)
Power and precision in forms
Importance of flexibility, strength, endurance in TKD
Stances:
Parallel Stance (Nalan-Hi Seogi)
Basic Ready Stance (Kibon Choonbi Seogi)
Forward Stance (Apkubi Seogi)
Back Stance (Dwitkubi Seogi)
(Horseback) Riding Stance (Juchum Seogi)
Walking Stance (Ap Seogi)
Right (90°) Stance (Oreun Seogi) and Left Stance (Waen Seogi)
Tiger Stance (Beom Seogi)
Cross Stance (Dwikkoa Seogi)
Crane Stance (Hak-Dali Seogi)
Close Stance (Moa Seogi)
Pushing Hands Ready Stance (Tong-Milki-Choonbi Seogi)
Blocks:
Low Block (Arae Makki)
High Block (Olgul Makki) with note on the importance of strict form to
training for competition
Out-to-In Middle Block ()
In-to-Out Middle Block ()
Reverse In-to-Out Middle Block (fist-down) ()
In-out M. Block w/ other fist in pit of stomach (Geodeureo Bakat Makki):
Palm-Down: (Taegeuk 8). Palm-up Variation: (Palgwe 5)
Variation: Low block, other fist in pit of stomach (Geodeureo Arae Makki).
Double In-to-Out Middle Block (Anpalmok Momtong Hechyeo Makki)
(Double) Knife-Hand Middle Block (Sonnal Momtong Makki)
Single Knife-Hand In-to-Out Middle Block (HanSonnal Momtong Makki), and
Out-to-In variation.
Palm-Fist Block(Ba-Tang-Son Makki)
Low Cross-Block/X-block (Otgoro-arae-Makki)
Side Low Block (Arae Yeop Makki)
Double side low blocks (Arae Hechyeo Makki) (Taegeuk 6)
Side High In-out Block (??)
Double Side High In-out Blocks (Santeul Makki) (Kumgang)
Combination Blocks (not double blocks, but 2 different blocks at same
time)
Combination Middle In-to-out and Low Block (Gawi Makki)
Side High In-out and Side Low Blocks (Waesanteul Makki) (Taegeuk 8)
Keumgang Block (Keumgang Makki)
Forward Stance (Apkubi Seogi)
Example: Right-leg-forward Forward Stance:
Right foot is in front, about one and a half steps forward.
Right knee is bent, right foot points straight forward.
Weight is shifted slightly toward front leg (center of balance about
1/3 of the way back from distance between front and rear feet)
Left (rear) leg is straight, left foot points outward about 45
degrees.
Body and hips face straight forward. Width of stance is narrow (feet
are on either side of an imaginary line drawn straight back from inside
of front
Punches and Blocks are usually head-on, with shoulders square,
NOT leaning into the punch or block
Back Stance (Dwitkubi Seogi)
Example: Right-leg-forward Back Stance:
Right foot is placed one step forward (a little more than a
shoulder-width), and Right foot points straight forward (towards
opponent)
Left foot is pointed 90 degrees out (to left side) (angle between
right and left feet is 90 degrees)
Weight is centered over the rear (left) leg, with only 1/3 of body
weight on the right foot.
Both knees are bent naturally, to lower the body about 6 inches (15
cm) (rear leg is bent more than fore to place weight over the rear leg)
Hips and upper body are turned about 60 degrees from straight forward
(between front and rear feet), but head looks straight forward
Heels of front and rear feet are one either side of a straight line
toward opponent.
(Horseback) Riding Stance (Juchum Seogi)
Feet are positioned about one and a half times shoulder width apart
Feet are parallel, both pointing straight forward.
Upper body is straight, knees are bent slightly, abdomen is tense.
Center of balance is low and stable.
Walking Stance (Ap Seogi)
Example: Right-leg-forward Walking Stance:
Feet are one normal step apart (Right leg in front)
Feet are both pointing straight forward (insides of feet in a
straight line)
Knees are straight, but not locked out
Body weight is supported both both feet equally.
Right Stance (Oreun Seogi) and Left Stance (Waen Seogi)
Right Stance:
From Parallel Stance, turn the ball of the right foot 90 degrees
outward, keeping left foot fixed.
The Right foot is forward in the Right Stance (pointing straight
forward) and the Left foot is forward in the Left Stance
Knees are straight, but not locked out
Body weight is supported both both feet equally.
This stance is often used with the Back fist outward strike and
Hammer Fist drop strike
Tiger Stance (Beom Seogi)
Example: Right-leg-forward Tiger Stance:
Rear (Left) foot is turned 45 degrees outward (from straight forward
Right foot is placed one foot-length forward, in front of left foot
Full body weight is supported by rear (left) leg
Both knees are bent to lower body about 6 inches
Only the toes or ball of right foot touch the floor slightly. The
right foot is supporting no weight so an immediate kick with the right
foot is possible without any shift in body weight.
Upper body is bent slightly forward, and hips are positioned slightly
to the rear, behind rear foot.
Cross Stance (Dwikkoa Seogi)
Example: Right-leg-forward Cross Stance:
After jumping, land on the right foot and place the left toes behind
the outer edge of the right foot.
Left toes/ball of foot touch the ground only (Left heel is raised)
The left shin is crossed behind the right calf. Knees are not
crossed, but are on normal sides.
Both knees are bent to lower the body a little (6 inches)
Right foot points 45 degrees out from upper body & hips, which are
square.
Upper body is bent forward slightly.
Body weight is mostly on the right foot.
Note: in Korean terminology, this stance is named for the
rear, or crossed leg (right cross stance would be Waen(left) Dwikkoa Seogi),
but in keeping with the forms documentation convention of calling stances by
the forward foot, we use the opposite term. Technically, the forward cross
stance (Apkkoa Seogi) is the stance assumed momentarily while sidestepping
in horseback position, while the back-cross stance is assumed after leaping
forward, however the mid-stance leg position is the same)
Crane Stance (Hak-Dali Seogi)
Example: Right Leg Crane Stance:
Bend the right knee slightly. Right foot points straight forward and
stays planted on ground
Raise Left foot by bending left knee. Pull Left foot up along inside
of right calf
Fix left foot against inside of right knee, with left heel at back of
right knee, left toes at front inside of right knee, left foot pointing
slightly downward. Left Knee is bent and pointing straight forward.
Close Stance (Moa Seogi)
Feet are together, with big toes and insides of feet touching
Legs are straight (but not locked out), with weight evenly
distributed
Pushing Hands Ready Stance (Tong-Milki-Choonbi Seogi)
(used in Koryo)
Slowly (over 7 seconds) and powerfully
Low Block (Arae-Makki)
Example: Right low block:
o Begin with right arm bent in front of body and right
fist with palm near left ear.
o Forcefully block downward by extending the elbow and
moving the forearm across and down the front of the body. Twist the
fist so it end with the palm down.
o The movement ends with the right arm about 45 degrees
out from the body, slightly bent at the elbow, so that in right
forward stance the right fist is just inside the right knee, about
one fist-width in front of it.
o Left fist should be on belt at hip, palm-up. (left elbow
forcefully moves straight to the rear)
o Block with the Inner Forearm (Bakat Palmok) (on same
edge of forearm as little finger).
o This block can be used to divert a low punch or similar
strike, or a low roundhouse kick if necessary.
o Shoulders and hips are square, as in all basic blocks
and punches.
High Block (Olgul-Makki)
Example: Right High Block:
o Start with right fist on right side of body, palm-up,
with elbow bent.
o Move fist up and across body to left side, like an
uppercut punch.
o Snap fist up past face and over the head, twisting wrist
so it ends with fist palm outward, away from forehead. Forearm moves
from left shoulder to right side of head
o Fist ends about one fist-width from top of head. Elbow
is bent about 90 degrees, forearm at 30 degree angle from floor.
o Block with the Inner Forearm (Bakat Palmok) (on same
edge of forearm as little finger).
o (In actual combat, when precise form is not as necessary
as in Poom-se, the block doesn't always need to originate from the
right hip. In fact, excess preparatory movements can signal to your
opponent the move you are about to make, and explosive, unforeseen
speed should be the primary goal, so often the block will simply
start from the left side and move upward across the body to the top
right of head. However, as with all blocks, repeated practice with
proper form develops the muscular strength and speed necessary to
execute blocks more quickly and powerfully, and ingrains the proper
feel and motion of the block into your mind and body so that it is
more easy to execute instantly in actual combat.)
Out-to-In Middle Block (Momtong AnMakki)
Example: Right out-to-in middle block:
o Begin with Right arm reaching back on right side of
body, elbow bent so forearm is vertical, with right hand in a fist.
o Swing right forearm around from right rear to side then
across front of body, ending with elbow (pointing downward) bent
about 90 degrees, with upper arm 45 degrees out from upper body, and
fist extended out in front of center of chest.
o Palm/fingers of fist are up.
o Block with the Inner Forearm (Bakat Palmok) (on same
edge of forearm as little finger).
o Other hand is in fist, palm-up, fixed at the waist/hip,
with elbow bent and pointing back
In-to-Out Middle Block (Momtong Makki)
Example: Right in-to-out middle block:
o Begin with Right fist near left hip, palm-down. Right
forearm is across lower body, and right elbow is bent.
o Rotate right forearm up and outward, sweeping across
upper body and to the right side. Twist right fist from palm-down to
palm up.
o Pull left fist back to belt at left hip, palm-up.
o Right upper arm ends extended 45 degrees in front of
body, palm/fingers of fist up, with elbow (pointing downard) bent at
about 90 degrees.
o Block with Outer Forearm (An Palmok), or the same edge
of forearm as the thumb.
(Reverse???) In-to-Out Middle Block (fist fingers-down) (Momtong
Bakat Makki???)
o Block with the Inner Forearm (Bakat Palmok) (on same
edge of forearm as little finger).
o Palm/fingers of fist are down, opposite the
orientation used in normal middle block.
o Other hand is in fist, palm-up, fixed at the waist/hip,
with elbow bent and pointing back
...With other fist in pit of stomach (Geodeureo Bakkat Makki)
o Same as above, In-out Block with fingers/palm of fist
down
o However, other fist is not at belt, but fixed in pit of
stomach, with fingers/palm of fist up. (similar to double knife-hand
middle block, but with fists instead of knife-hands)
o (used in Taegeuk 8, movement 1...)
Double In-to-Out Middle Block (Anpalmok Momtong Hechyeo Makki)
o This block is a combination of two simultaneous
In-to-Out middle blocks with both arms.
o Start with both elbows bent, forearms across lower body,
fists palm-down at waist on opposite side.
o Rotate both forearms upward and outward, crossing fists
midway one behind the other.
o Block with both Outer Forearms (An Palmok).
o Finish with both upper arms out from body about 45
degrees, both elbows pointing downward, bent 90 degrees, with
forearms in front of sides of upper body, fists up.
Variation: Double Palms-down In-to-out Middle Block. (same as
above--fists cross in middle, except perform two palm-down in-to-out
middle blocks)
(Double) Knife-Hand Middle Block (Sonnal Momtong Makki)
Example: right knife-hand middle block:
o The standard Knife-hand Middle Block is performed with
both knife-hands:
o Start blocking motion with right knife hand palm facing
left ear, elbow in front of body. Left knife hand is palm-down, at
waist, with elbow bent pointing backward.
o Body is usually to the side, with shoulders almost in a
line toward opponent. In Poom-se, this block is most often used with
back stance.
o Block with right palm-down knife-hand across body from
inside to out.
o At same time, move left hand up to pit of stomach,
twisting left knife hand so palm ends facing up.
o Finish with front (right) knife hand blocking to side of
upper body (with shoulder facing opponent), palm-down, slightly
under face level, elbow bent about 120 degrees. Back (left) knife
hand is fixed in pit of stomach, palm-up.
o (used in Taegeuk 4, Koryo) Variation: Knife-Hand Low
Block (Sonnal Arae makki)
o low knife-hand block (palm-down), with other knife-hand
fixed in pit of stomach, palm-up.
o note difference between this and Single
knife-hand low block, in which hand that is not blocking is in fist,
palm-up, fixed at the hip.
Single Knife-Hand In-to-out Middle Block (HanSonnal Momtong makki)
(In-to-out, palm-down normally)
o Block in-to-out with outer edge of knife-hand, ending
with elbow bent a little more than 90 degrees, and palm-down.
o Same as double knife hand block, except back hand is
fixed at waist, in fist, palm-up, rather than in knife-hand at pit
of stomach.
o usually performed in back stance, and thus is to the
side of the upper body (Hansonnal Momtong Yeop Makki)
o In Single Middle Knife-hand Block, the other hand is in
a fist, fixed at the waist (palm-up)
o (used in Taegeuk 3)
Single Knife-Hand Out-to-In Middle Block
o Perform this block the same as the Out-to-In middle
block, except with the Knife-hand rather than the fist.
o Block with edge of knife-hand on side of little finger.
o End with arm bent a little more than 90 degrees at
elbow, palm of knife-hand up, upper arm about 45 degrees away from
the body.
Palm-Fist Middle Block (Ba-tang-son Momtong Makki) (taegeuk 6)
Example: Right Palmfist Middle Block:
o Begin with Right arm in front of body, bent about 90
degrees at elbow, with forearm almost straight up so palm-fist is
palm-down in front of face.
o Forcefully Block downward with right palm-fist, as if
defending against a front rising kick or strike.
o in Middle Palmfist block, movement stops with palm-fist
around level of solar plexus. (forearm is near parallel to floor,
angled up about 30 degrees, in front of body, with elbow bent and
pointing out to the side.
o in Low Palmfist block, forearm is slightly below
parallel to ground, and palm-fist is parallel to ground, around
level of belt (in Koryo)
Low Cross-block (X-block) (Otgoro-arae-makki)
o Begin with both fists at hips on belt, palms-up.
o Punch Straight from belt downward so that arms end with
wrists crossed, one wrist directly on top of other, so arms make an
"X" shape
o Twist wrists while punching so that fists move from
palm-up to palm-in (fists on sides, with thumbs on top).
o Blocks a low rising strike or kick.
o Normally, the wrist on side of forward leg goes on top,
if stance is forward stance.
Side Low Block (Arae Yeop Makki)
Example: Right Side Low Block:
o Begin same as normal (frontal) Low Block, with Right
fist near Left ear, right elbow bent in front of body.
o Block out and downward, stopping at the side of the
Right hip, rather than in front of the right knee as in normal low
block.
o Arm ends about 20-30 degrees out from the side of the
body, elbow slightly bent, fist palm-down.
Double Side Low Blocks (Arae Hechyeo Makki)
o Begin with forearms crossed in front of your throat,
fists with palms toward your face
o Block downward and out to sides with both arms
simultaneously (perform two Side Low Blocks)
o End with both arms 20-30 degres out straight from their
hips, defending sides of lower body.
o (used in move 11, Taegeuk 6)
Side High In-out Block (??)
Example: Right Side High In-out Block:
o Start same as the Middle In-to-Out block, Right fist
near left hip
o Block across front of body, twisting right forearm up
and outward.
o Move arm farther than in frontal middle block, ending
straight out to side of upper body. Upper arm is parallel to ground,
and forearm is vertical (elbow bent 90 degrees). Fist ends up with
palm toward head, slightly higher than top of head.
o Defends the side of the head.
Double Side High In-out Blocks ((Hechyeo) Santeul Makki)
o Begin with forearms crossed in front of stomach
o Perform simultaneous Double Side High In-out Blocks with
both arms, Defending both sides of the head.
o End with arms on either side of the head, upper arms
parallel to ground, forearms vertical, with fists slightly higher
than head and palms toward head.
o (used in Kumgang, move 11, 14)
Combination Blocks
(not double blocks, but two different blocks simultaneously, often as
if fighting two virtual opponents in advanced forms)
The striking surface in a punch is the first knuckles of the index
and middle fingers.
Hammer Fist (Mae-Jumeok):
The fist is formed the same as above, but the striking surface is the
fleshy area on the outside of the fist from the first knuckle of the
little finger to the wrist.
Back Fist (Deung-Jumeok):
The fist is formed the same as above, but the striking surface is the
top of the first knuckles of the index and middle fingers.
Forming the Knife Hand (Son-Nal)
Starting with an open hand, clench the four fingers together tightly
the last knuckles of the fingers are bent slightly, in order to
tighten the fingers together even stronger and give the knife hand more
strength than straight fingers.
The thumb is bent tightly at the second knuckle, pressed against the
edge of the hand above the index finger.
The striking or blocking surface of the knife hand is the fleshy part
of the hand between the wrist and the first knuckle of the little
finger.
Forming the Palm-Fist (Ba-Tang-Son)
The palm-fist is formed similarly to the Knife hand, but the fingers
are curved more, and bent backward slightly at the first knuckle to
expose the palm as the striking surface.
The striking surface is the lower part of the palm.
Forming the Arc-Hand (A-Kwi-Son)
The Arc-Hand is formed by clenching the four fingers together, and
curving them inward slightly.
The thumb opposes the four fingers, completing the curve of the arc,
as if the fingers and thumb are grasping a throat.
The striking surface is the hollow area between the thumb and index
finger. When the Arc-Hand is used in striking it is also called
"Tiger-Mouth Hand" (Kal-Jae-Bi).
Flat Spear-Finger (Pyon-son-keut) ("Spear Hand")
The Spear Hand or Spear Finger is formed basically the same as the
Knife hand.
The tips of the index, middle, and ring fingers should be pressed
tightly together in a straight line. These finger tips are the striking
point.
Scissors Spear-Finger (Gawi-son-keut)
The Scissors Spear-Finger is made by stretching out the index and
middle fingers in a V shape, with the other fingers and thumb clenched
as in a fist.
The index and middle finger tips are the striking point, used for
stabbing the eyes.
Punches & Upper-body Strikes:
Middle Punch (Momtong Jireugi)
Example: Right middle punch:
Begin with Right Fist palm-up at right hip, with elbow bent, pointing
backward.
Extend right arm forcefully and very quickly from hip to target in
front of body. Twist fist as arm shoots out so that fist ends with palm
down.
Target is opponent's solar plexus (the nerve center right below
sternum, at top of stomach), so the Middle punch ends with right arm
fully extended (but not locked or overextended), angled downward to the
floor slightly from shoulder.
when middle punch is performed in forward stance, it is most often
with the arm on the same side as the forward leg. --momtong bandae
jireugi? When performed with the arm opposite the forward leg, it is
called a Reverse Punch. --Momtong Baro Jireugi ?
Left (nonpunching) hand moves forcefully back to at hip, in fist,
palm-up, as left elbow executes an elbow strike to the rear (straight
back behind you). The forceful rear elbow strike occurs simultaneously
with the punch, balancing the forward force with a backward force to
give the punch more power and torque.
To incorporate greater torque and power, the hips can be used in the
punch: before punching, twist the hips backward to the right side, then
as your punch, quickly straighten the hips and draw power from the legs
up into the trunk and through your punch.
At the end of the execution of the basic punch, shoulders and hips
are square (not lunging in), so this is a very close-range strike.
You're still square above your feet and have maintained balance/are
ready for the next strike.
High Punch (Olgul Jireugi)
Execution is the same as the middle punch, but fist moves from the
hip to the opponent's face.
Low Punch (Arae Jireugi)
Execution is the same as the middle punch, but fist moves from the
hip to the opponent's groin.
Double Punch (Doobeon Jireugi)
A double punch is two punches performed one after the other,
alternating arms.
Striking point is the same (in center of body, either high, middle,
or low), unless otherwise specified.
Example of convention used in documenting forms would be "double
middle punch, right hand first"
Note the difference between this notation and that used for Double
Blocks. Double blocks are performed simultaneously. consecutive blocks
would be written out as separate points in a movement. Simultaneous
blocks are much more common than simultaneous punches, which would be
specified as being simultaneous.
(Out-to-In) Single Knife-hand Strike (HanSonnal Mokchigi)
attack (usually to the neck) with inner edge of knife-hand (edge on
side of little finger)
end with knife-hand palm-up, elbow bent only slightly (arm almost
straight).
other hand in fist (palm-up) fixed against hip, with elbow bent,
pointing back.
Variation: Jaebipum Mokchigi--Combined with high knife-hand block,
palm outward toward opponent, block with inner wrist (edge on side of
little finger) (taegeuk 4)
In-to-out Single Knife-Hand Strike (HanSonnal Bakat Chigi)
Example: In-out single knifehand strike to opponent's neck:
Begin with elbow bent in front of body, knife-hand at opposite
shoulder.
Strike from inside to outside in front of body, knife-hand palm-down.
End with striking arm straight out in front of body. Elbow is
straight, palm of knife-hand is down, arm is parallel to ground. (arm
straight as opposed to single in-to-out Knife-hand block)
Striking surface is edge of knife-hand on side of little finger.
Used in Koryo, movements 2,6,27
Hammer Fist (Mae-Jumeok)
Strike with Hammer Fist usually to upper body/shoulder. Example:
Windmill-type side hammer fist strike to upper body (Maejumeok Naeryo
Chigi)
Used in Taegeuk 5, movement 2,4.
Bring striking arm above your head, elbow bent slightly, upper arm
straight toward sky.
Swiftly drop arm and straighten elbow out to side of upper body
(toward opponent who is at your side).
Arm ends parallel to ground, elbow straight, striking with botttom of
hammer fist (side of fist from little finger first knuckle to wrist).
Example: Windmill-type left hammer fist strike to waist/groin, with
right hand as target (Waen Maejumeok Arae Pyojeok Chigi)
(part of Movement 26 in Koryo)
Start with left arm and fist out to side of body
Swing left arm down to opponent's groin/waist area, right in front of
your own (about one hand-width in front of your own waist)
Meet left hammer-fist with right flat hand, using right palm as
target for left hammer-fist (right fingers pointing down)
Back Fist Strike (Deung-Jumeok Chigi)
Front backfist strike (fist ends with palm/fingers up) to the face (deung
jumeok olgul apchigi)
Example: Right front backfist strike
begin with right fist in front of right shoulder, elbow bent,
pointing straight down.
Strike outward straight out to the front, ending with elbow bent
about 90 degrees, elbow still pointing down.
Often used to attack opponent's lip, nose, or jaw, in which case fist
would end up about face level.
Variation: with other fist supporting elbow:
perform front right backfist normally, but other (left) fist is not
at belt.
Left arm is in front of body, bent 90 degrees at elbow, with forearm
parallel to ground. Left fist (palm-down) is pressed up under elbow of
striking arm, giving support to the strike. As performed in Taegeuk 7,
this block is combined with torquing motion of the upper body for
increased power:
Before blocking, turn upper body to the left about 45 degrees, and
bring right fist close to left shoulder.
During blocking motion, twist upper body back to facing front, and
block outward with right back fist.
Variation: with other fist pulling opponent to your chest:
Used in Taegeuk 8, movements 5,7
Example: Right backfist strike
perform front right backfist slowly (over 5 seconds, snapping out at
last part of movement).
Simultaneously, pull fist of other arm in to you (slowly). Start with
left fist palm-up, forearm straight out, elbow bent downward, close to
upper body
From this position, pull left fist straight toward your upper body,
as if doing a bicep curl.
In-to-out backfist (across body, fist on its side) to the side of face (deung
jumeok olgul bakatchigi)
begin with elbow in front of body, bent sharply, and fist at opposite
shoulder, palm toward chest (fist is on its side--knuckles in a vertical
line toward ground)
attack outward from the chest, in horizontal plane of movement (as
opposed to the vertical plane of movement in normal front backfist,
described above)
attack the side of the opponent's face
finish with arm straight out, parallel to ground, elbow straight.
Spear-hand (Pyon-Son-Keut) Strike (literally "Flat Spear Finger")
variation: Pyon-son-keut Seweo Jjiruki--spear-hand strike (palm
vertical) with support from other flat-hand.
Arc-Hand Strike (A-Kwi-Son Kal-Jae-Bi)
Example: Arc-hand Strike to the Throat
From hip, strike out to throat with arc-hand.
End with arm straight out in front of you, with arc-hand smashing
opponent's throat.
Elbow (Pal-Koop) Strike
Example: Front left Elbow-Strike with right flat-hand support:
Bring elbow up and out to left side, with arm bent sharply, left hand
in fist, palm-down.
Strike with elbow by swinging bent left arm around to front of body,
hitting target close to your chest, in front of you.
At same time, bring right hand up, fingers pointing toward sky, with
hand bent 90 degrees up from right forearm, which is parallel to ground.
As left elbow strikes, left fist hits right palm and presses into it
for support. Right elbow is bent and up almost to shoulder height.
Example: Side left elbow-strike with right flat-hand support (Waen
Palgup yeop chigi):
Used in Koryo, movement 25 (and opposite in 20)
in horseback stance, body is facing to side, left shoulder is toward
opponent. Look at opponent over left shoulder.
Bring left elbow up and in front of left shoulder, with left forearm
parallel to the ground, bent 90 degrees
put right hand flat against left fist (right fingers/palm pointing
straight up), with right elbow bent sharply and right forearm parallel
to ground
Quickly strike out to the left side with left elbow, bending elbow
sharply, and pushing the left fist with the right palm for added support
and power.
Example: Front left elbow-strike with right hand as target (palgup
pyojeok chigi):
used in Taegeuk 5, movement 16 (opposite in 18)
attack to front of body with left elbow, as in front elbow strike
above, but arm is not bent as sharply, and elbow hits directly in front
of shoulder, rather than in center of body.
Right upper arm is straight out to front, parallel to ground, with
elbow bent at 90 degrees so forearm is in front of body, with flat right
hand as target for left elbow on left side of body. right fingertips are
pointing to left side of body.
Palm-Fist Strike to the jaw (Batangson Teok Chigi)
Example: Right palm-fist strike:
Start with Palm-Fist at hip
Strike straight forward to opponent's jaw with the bottom of the
palm. Palm is angled inward slightly (not flat out in front of you),
rounded fingers are pointing up toward sky
End with striking arm straight in front of you, with elbow only
slightly bent, arm approximately parallel to the ground (depending on
opponent's jaw height).
Cross-Body Front Punch (Keun Dolcheogi) (aka "large hinge shape")
Example: Right cross-body front punch:
Start with Right fist palm-up at right hip, elbow bent and pointing
straight backward.
Keeping elbow bent 90 degrees, punch up and forward from belt, and
around to left side in front of body
Strike to the left side in front of body with Right fist (unlike
cross-body side punch, where you punch completely to the side,
straightening punching arm).
End with Right Forearm at level of solar plexus, in front of body
parallel to shoulders and parallel to ground. Forearm is out from
stomach about 8-12 inches). Right upper arm is perpendicular to chest,
bent 90 degrees at elbow.
Left fist moves palm-up to left hip, and left rear elbow strike is
forcefully performed at same time as the cross-body punch.
(Used in Kumgang (move 9,16,19,26)
Cross-Body Close Front Punch (Jageun Dolcheogi) (aka "small hinge shape")
Same as above, but punching fist ends up much closer to opposite hip
(one fist-width away from the nonpunching fist which is resting on the
hip). Example: Right punch: Right fist ends up directly in front
of left hip, one fist-width out from left fist, which is resting on left
hip at the finish position)
(Palgwe 5, movement 16, Koryo, movement 18-1, etc.)
Specialized Combinations of Blocks and Strikes:
Arc-hand strike to break knee, pulling foot to ribcage with other hand (mureup
keokki)
Koryo, movement 12 (14 opposite) right forward stance
left low arc-hand strike to break opponent's knee
at same time as arc-hand to knee, pull cupped right hand in under
left arm, as if holding the opponent's foot while you break his knee.
Knee Strike
forcefully bring knee straight up in front of body, bending knee
sharply so that shin points straight down toward ground.
end with knee above waist level, so that thigh is higher than
parallel to ground. Knee is bent and both shin and foot are pointing
straight down. Usually combined with double downward palmfist or fist
strike (As in Taegeuk 7, movement 15,18):
Begin with both fists in front of body, palms-down, elbows bent 90
degrees (as in end of double palms-down middle in-out block)
As you bring knee up to strike upwards, strike downward forcefully on
both sides of knee with fists.
Fists are used to smash the opponent's head or limb against the knee.
Simultaneous Double Uppercut Punch (Doojumeok Jaecheo Jireugi)
begin with elbows bent, fists at hips
keeping elbows bent, punch upward from the belt with both fists at
the same time
in middle uppercut punch, strike the enemy's upper abdomen/solar
plexus
end with both arms in front of body, elbows bent about 90 degrees and
pointing down, forearms angled 30-45 degrees upward (same position as
the end of a double middle in-to-out block).
Used in Taegeuk 7, movements 15,18
Cross-body Side Punch (used in Koryo)
Example: Right punch with left hand as target: (Oreun Jumeok Pyojeok
Jireugi)
At beginning, side and shoulder are toward your opponent. In Koryo,
stance is Horseback Riding Stance, with body 90 degrees to opponent.
Twist the shoulders and upper body most of the way toward opponent
(about 45 degrees toward the left)
Punch to the side (in direction of left leg, which is toward the
opponent), across the body.
Left arm is extended straight out to the side (in direction of left
leg, toward opponent), and palm is used as target for the right hand
punch. The left palm is vertical and bent 90 degrees to the left arm,
with fingers parallel to floor.
Right arm is parallel to the floor (punch to upper body, not face, in
Koryo)
Spear-hand strike to groin, pulling arm to upper shoulder (Waen
Pyonsonkeut Arae Jaechyer jjiruki)
Koryo, movement 18 (23 opposite) right forward stance
Left spear-hand strike to groin, palm-up
while striking with spear-hand, pull virtual opponent's hand or arm
to your upper shoulder with cupped right hand.
Kicks:
Front-Snap Kick ()
First, bring knee of kicking leg up toward the chest, with shin
straight downward.
Forcefully straighten the leg at the knee, completing the front-snap
kicking motion.
The kicking direction is straight upward in front of the body, with
the target being the upper body, chin, or face.
The striking surface is the Ball of the Foot (Toes are bent backward.
The ball of the foot is then the protruding front area of the bottom of
the foot, where the big toe begins to bend backward).
In-out Kick ()
The kicking leg remains relatively straight throughout the entire
motion of the In-out kick.
With the body square toward the opponent, kick upwards and across the
body to the opposite side.
Continue the motion with the foot making a circle from the opposite
side of the body across in front of the face, and to the outside of the
body on the same side as the kicking leg.
The striking surface is the outer edge of the knife-foot (the edge
along the side of the little toe). The strike is performed coming across
the body, from inside to out, often to the side of the head or face.
Out-In Kick ()
The kicking leg remains relatively straight throughout the entire
motion of the Out-in kick.
With the upper body square toward the opponent, kick upwards and to
the outside of the body on the side of the kicking leg.
Continue the kick by making a circular motion with the foot, from the
outside of the body, across in front of the face, over to the opposite
side of the body and then back down to the ground.
The striking surface is the inner edge of the knife-foot (the edge
along the side of the big toe). The strike is performed coming across
the body, from outside to in, often to the head or side of the face.
Axe Kick
The upper body is square toward the opponent.
Kick nearly straight upward in front of the body, with the leg
straight, as in a front stretching high kick. The foot moves in a slight
in-out direction.
Bring the foot up toward the inside of the body.
The strike is performed as the foot drops forcefully from the top of
the high kick downward and outward, onto the upper shoulder, head, or
face of the opponent.
The striking surface is the back of the heel or the bottom of the
sole depending on distance to the target.
The axe kick, when quickly executed with great flexibility, is very
useful in combat when at close proximity to your opponent. By
sidestepping slightly, face to face with your opponent, you can swiftly
bring your kicking leg up behind your opponent's side (and line of
vision) and raise your leg above the back of their shoulder and head,
striking on the way down before they even see that your foot is behind
their face.
Roundhouse Kick
Example: Right roundhouse kick:
Twist the upper body to the left side, so that your right shoulder is
pointing toward your opponent, and your hips are moving into in a line
toward your opponent.
As you are torquing your upper body and hips, raise the thigh of your
kicking (right) leg, bent at the knee, so that your thigh comes up
almost to your chest.
As your right hip completes its circular upward rotation on top of
the left hip, and your left foot pivots on the ground so that it is now
pointing to the left side, or even slightly backward away from your
opponent, forcefully snap your right shin and foot outward, in a line
parallel to the floor for a middle roundhouse kick (to the ribs), or at
an angle upward for a high kick (to the side of the face).
The striking surface is the instep, or top of the foot. The ankle
should be straightened when striking with this kick.
The strike comes around from the outside to the opponent's side.
The hips should be fully rotated vertically, so the upper body is not
facing the opponent, but is facing to the left side. The torque of the
upper body gives the kick more power and follow-through.
The rear leg is most often used as the kicking leg, so in order to
move to the knee-to-chest position, first pivot almost 180 degrees to
the left on the left leg, beginning the spinning and torquing movement.
However, the front leg can also be used to throw a quick kick,
especially from back stance, where the weight is already on the back leg
and the front leg can be quickly lifted into a kick.
Moon (Crescent) Kick
The hips are not fully rotated, but are halfway between straight on
(as in front-snap kick) and sideways (as in roundhouse). This position
allows the leg to come up at a 45 degree angle, and strike around the
side or to hook around to the kidney of your opponent.
Striking surface is the ball of the foot.
This kick can be executed more quickly than the roundhouse since full
twisting of the hips and upper body is not required, but it is also less
powerful because it has less momentum behind it. Similarly, it can be
repeated more quickly in succession because the upper body doesn't have
to return to upright from a full torque after each kick as in the
complete roundhouse execution
Side Kick
Example: Right side kick
As in Roundhouse, the kicking leg is most often the rear leg (from
kicking or back stance), but the forward leg can also be used if a quick
opening appears that must be taken immediately, at the expense of some
momentum and added power of the rotation and use of the rear leg.
from Left fighting or back stance, shift weight to the left foot, and
pivot a little more than 180 degrees to the left, so that the right hip
is slightly turned past your opponent.
Twist uper body and shoulders around even farther than in roundhouse
preparation, and lean back to your left side, away from opponent.
Lift your right thigh toward chest, with knee bent and angled
slightly down toward ground. Your upper body should now be leaning back
to the left side about 45 degrees, and your right thigh should be angled
a little toward ground, from your hips, which are higher than right
knee.
Kick forcefully by extending knee and shooting right heel straight
out toward opponent. At the same time, twist upper body away from
opponent slightly, and down more toward floor, so your upper body and
right leg are almost in a straight line toward your opponent. (with a
side middle kick. the line would not be straight in a high side kick).
Lowering the upper body to almost parallel to the floor allows you to
kick higher and with more momentum.
The striking surface is the bottom of the heel. The toes of the foot
should be aiming slightly downward in order to emphasize the use of the
heel rather than the entire bottom of the sole.
The upper body is turned toward the rear, so the head should be
turned to the right side to look at the target over the right shoulder.
Variation: with side punch (Palgwe 5)
punch to side of body of leg that is kicking, so that punching arm is
parallel with kicking leg.
Spinning Kick
Spinning Hook Kick
The striking surface is the back of the heel. This is an extremely
damaging kick when placed correctly, since the striking area is so small
and hard.
Spinning Side Kick
Spinning Back Kick (not looking at all)
Butterfly Kick
Jump Front-snap Kick
Example: right jump front-snap kick:
most often, this kick is initiated from a stance with the right leg
forward
bend down slightly at the knees to prepare to spring upward
forcefully raise left knee as if to perform a left front-snap kick
continuing the same fluid upward motion, jump upward off of right leg
as high as possible
perform front-snap kick with right leg in mid-air, at same time
pushing left leg downward to prepare to land, and to give balance to the
powerful upward force of the right leg
land on left leg, and then drop the right leg back quickly to prepare
for next movement
Jump Spinning Kick
Combination Kicks:
crossover side kick...
roundhouse, spin hook kick
combination kick #1: front snap, in-out, out-in, 3 spin kicks.
Other Movements
Bojumeok
Example: Right Fist Bojumeok
Bring both arms up in front of your chest, with elbows bent so that
forearms are parallel to the front of the chest.
punch right fist up into left hand, so that left hand covers the
right fist
Hands should be joined at the height of your neck, about one
hand-width away from the chin
forearms end angled upward from elbows about 45 degrees, so that a 90
degree angle is made at hands between the two forearms. arms positions
are symmetrical. shoulders are square.
Source for some material: Taekwondo Text Book, by Kyo-Yoon Lee. Published
1 Apr 1995 by Chang Jin publishing company, 538-1 Chang Shin 2 dong Jongro
Gu Seoul Korea (Dae won Building 603), ISBN 89-85936-01-8
NOTE - This listing is meant to be a reference...as in for refreshing
your memory and not for learning for the first time. To learn the Tae
Kwon Do positions, movements, and forms, it's best to see it and go through
them with a qualified instructor.
Testing Requirements
Belt Promotion tests are usually held once each semester. The testing fee is
$30. Students are judged on the following activites:
Stepping punch-block-kick-stance combinations
Kicking combinations
Poom-se (forms)
One-step Sparring (prearranged techniques)
Non-contact free sparring
Breaking (wooden boards)
In addition to correct form and skill level, confidence and mental attitude
are also assessed.
Belt Progression at the Carolina Taekwondo Club.
Specific Technical Testing Requirements for Belt Tests.
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