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THIS GLOSSARY IS NOT PART OF HUXLEY'S ORIGINAL TEXT.
This glossary has been added to the online edition in
order to make it more accessible to modern readers using the
text as an introduction to zoology. The entries here were
written by a non-expert in crustaceans.
Please
email any corrections
or additions.
Glossary
[A]
[B]
[C]
[D]
[E]
[F]
[G]
[H]
[I]
[J]
[K]
[L]
[M]
[N]
[O]
[P]
[Q]
[R]
[S]
[T]
[U]
[V]
[W]
[X]
[Y]
[Z]
- abdomen
- back division of body, with apparatus of digestion (belly)
- adhesion
- becoming or being fixed; normally separate parts are
joined together
- aeration
- letting air or gas (oxygen) into a liquid
- allusion
- indirect mention
- ambulatory
- walking
- amiss
- wrong
- amputation
- cut off (part of the body)
- anatomically
- structural as opposed to functional
- animal
- being of the kingdom Animalia, not a plant, typically
having power of locomotion, fixed structure, limited growth,
and nonphotosynthethic metabolism
- annual
- yearly; done every year
- antenna
- one of pair of jointed, flexible sensory appendages
on head of crustacean or insect
- antennule
- small antenna
- anterior
- toward the front
- aperture
- hole, gap, slit, or other opening
- apparatus
- a machine; group of organs with a collective function
- appellation
- a name or title
- appendage
- part or organ joined to the body of an animal; limb
- aquatic
- living in or growing in or on the water
- arrest
- to stop the motion
- articulation
- a joint between movable parts of an animal
- ascertain
- to discover through examination or experimentation
- averred
- said, affirmed, declared in a positive way
- basal
- part closest to the body
- binomial
- two names (genus first, species second)
- biology
- science of living organisms, plants and animals
- botany
- biological science of plants
- branchiae
- gills or similar breathing organs
- branchial cavity
- space enclosing gills
- branchiostegite
- covering (roof) for gills
- burrow
- hole or tunnel dug in ground for home
- calcareous
- chalky, composed of limestone, calcium carbonate, or calcium
- calcified
- made stony by deposition of calcium salts
- cannibalism
- animal feeding on others of the same kind
- carapace
- hard, chitinous or bony outer, covering of the head and thorax
- carbonate of lime
- calcium oxide salts
- carbonic acid
- carbon dioxide
- carrion
- dead and decaying flesh
- cavity
- hollow or hole in solid body
- cephalothorax
- anterior section of crustacean, with fused head and thorax
- cervical
- neck
- chelae
- pincerlike claws of a crustacean
- chitinous
- semitransparent horny substance composing shell
- claw
- limb terminating in a sharp, often curved pincerlike structure
- cleft
- divided, split, a crack, crevice, or split
- coagulated
- transformed from liquid into a solid mass
- commencing
- beginning, starting
- concave
- curved like the inner surface of a sphere
- constitution
- make-up or structure
- contradistinction
- opposing or contrasting qualities
- Continent
- Europe proper (without British Isles)
- convex
- curved like the outer surface of a sphere
- coral
- unfertilized eggs of crayfish that turn a red color when cooked;
stony substance secreted by colonial marine animals, often reddish
- cosmopolitan
- common to the whole world
- crabs'-eyes
- crustacean, mostly marine, with five pairs of legs
- crayfish
- freshwater crustacean of genera Astacus and
Cambarus, resembling very small lobster
- Crustacea
- class of animal with hard crust or shell, segmented body,
chitinous exoskeleton, and paired, jointed legs
- cumbrous
- annoying, cumbersome
- cursory
- short, hasty, not thoroughly done
- cuticular layer
- noncellular, often horny, protective outer covering,
over epidermis or skin proper
- decipher
- read or interpret, from code into plain text
- despise
- regard as worthless or trivial; look down on
- dictum
- a saying
- disengaged
- released from something that entangles or holds fast
- dissolve
- to mix or pass into solution
- distended
- swelled out, stretched in all directions
- domestic
- tame, household
- dorsal
- of, toward, in, on, or near the back
- duct
- tube through which fluid passes
- ecdysis
- shedding or stripping of outer layer
- egress
- exit, going out
- endoskeleton
- internal supporting bone framework of vertebrates
- ensuing
- resulting, consequence
- epidermis
- outer protective layer of skin
- etymology
- historical origin of word
- exoskeleton
- external, outside protective or supporting structure of
invertebrate
- expediency
- appropriate for the purpose at hand
- external
- outside
- extremity
- bodily limb or appendage; the farthest point or degree
- extrusion
- pushed or thrust out; projection
- exuviation
- shed or cast off covering
- eye-stalk
- movable thin structure bearing the eye at the end
- fatal
- causing or capable of causing death
- fecundating
- fertilizing, impregnating, making fruitful
- feeler
- sensory or tactile organ such as antenna
- filament
- thread-like body
- fissures
- narrow grooves dividing organ into parts; deep cracks
- flank
- side; section of body between last rib and hip
- fluviatile
- river-dwelling (from flowing)
- forceps
- pincerlike grasping or clasping organ; like tongs
- forsake
- leave, give up, renouce, abandon
- fossil
- trace or remnant of organism from past geological age,
embedded in rock or earth
- function
- action for which something is particularly fitted
- gastrolith
- small stony mass formed in the stomach
- gills
- respiratory organ, featherlike structure for getting
oxygen from water into blood
- hatch
- come out of an egg
- hemorrhage
- bleeding, especially large amount
- herbage
- plant growth
- hinder
- farthest to the rear, last
- hue
- particular color, shade
- hybernate
- pass the winter in an inactive, sleepy state (spelled
"hibernate" now)
- ichor
- watery fluid
- idola
- something visible but without substance; idols
- impregnated
- to make pregnant, fertilize egg with sperm
- indolence
- laziness, inactivity
- inflicted
- caused or carried out
- ingress
- entrance, way in
- inhabitant
- permanent resident, one who lives there all the time
- insensibly
- imperceptibly; change so small it is not noticed
- integument
- skin, outer covering
- interior
- inside, inner, within
- interstitial
- of or occurring in small or narrow spaces between things
- intolerant
- not able to stand or endure
- invertebrate
- not having a backbone or spinal column
- investment
- outer covering, clothes, garment
- joint
- point of connection between movable parts
- laminated
- composed of thin layers or sheets bound together
- lenticular
- shaped like a lens, convex on both sides
- limb
- a jointed appendage used for locomotion or grasping; leg
- lobster
- marine invertebrate of or related to genus Homarus,
with five pairs of legs; usually first pair is large claws
- locomotion
- act of moving from place to place
- longevity
- long length of life
- longitudinally
- lengthwise, along the length not the width of something
- mandible
- jaw part or lower jaw
- manducation
- act of eating, chewing
- marine
- of the sea, salt water
- maturity
- fully grown, ripeness
- maxilla
- jaw part, upper jaw in vertebrates
- maxillipede
- one of three pairs of crustacean head appendages located
just behind maxillae
- metamorphosis
- change in structure of animal as part of normal growth;
transformation
- minute
- very small
- moieties
- halves; parts, portions, or shares
- mole
- small burrowing, insectivorous mammal
- monstrosities
- abnormal; deviating greatly from average in structure; hideous
- moult
- to shed, cast off, old covering and replace with new (British
spelling of "molt")
- natural history
- study of organisms in natural life, descriptions of
origin and interrelationships
- naturalist
- one skilled in natural history
- nocturnal
- active at night
- nomenclature
- system of names
- organ
- part of an organism specialized for a particular function
- partaking
- taking part, participating
- patent
- expanded, spreading open
- peaty
- matter found in peat bogs, usually decomposed mosses
- pedicles
- small stalks (also, "pedicel")
- periphrase
- talking around; circumlocution; using other, more words
- perpetuated
- cause to exist for a long time
- phosphate of lime
- calcium phosphate (?)
- pincer
- articulated, grasping claw; jaws working together in
opposition
- plant
- organism of the vegetable kingdom, unable to move
itself around
- plume
- feather or feather-like structure
- prehension
- act of grasping or holding
- prodigious
- great in size
- prostrate
- lying down flat, exhausted
- putrifying
- rotten, decomposing, decaying, foul-smelling
- ratiocination
- reasoning logically and methodically
- recondite
- not easily understood, abstruse
- reproduction
- process by which living things make others of the same kind
- respiratory
- breathing; organs that bring in oxygen and release waste
carbon dioxide
- retraction
- drawing back (inside)
- retrograde
- backwards, reverse
- rivulet
- small stream of water
- rudimentary
- elementary, incompletely developed
- sac
- a pouch or bag-like structure, sometimes holding fluid
- science
- methodological study, observation, identification,
description, experimental investigation, and theoretical
explanation of natural phenomena
- segmented
- clearly divided into parts
- specimen
- a sample, an individual taken as representative of the rest
- sternal
- pertaining to the sternum, the bone in man in the front,
between the ribs
- stone, the
- blockage of the urine by a mineral mass in the kidney
- stonewort
- green algae often covered by calcium carbonate deposits
- style
- slender, tubular, bristlelike process
- subserve
- to be useful to, serve some purpose
- substantive
- a noun; acutal thing
- succulent
- full of juice
- swimmeret
- one of paired appendages on abdomen used for locomotion
or respiration
- telson
- middle lobe of the tail fin
- terminal
- at the end, last
- terminates
- ends; comes to or having as an end
- terrestrial
- living on land, not aquatic
- thorax
- part of animal that corresponds to chest in man
- torpor
- inactivity, lethargy, not feeling
- transverse
- lying across, from side to side
- turpitude
- bad, shameful act
- unfathomable
- cannot be understood or measured
- unwonted
- unusual; not accustomed to; not ordinary
- utilitarian
- advocate of a philosophy that advocates the greatest
good for the greatest number (Bentham, Mill)
- vent
- exit, opening for liquid; anal excretory hole
- ventral
- abdominal, the belly side, lower side
- vernacular
- common language of a country, not technical or literary
- vertebrate
- having a backbone or spinal column
- viscid
- thick, sticky, adhesive liquid
- vole
- rodent like a mouse but with a short tail
- waistcoat
- British word for vest, clothing worn under coat
- want
- lack; being deprived of but needing
- watch glass
- shallow glass dish used to evaporate liquids, like
the glass piece covering a pocket watch
- zoology
- biological science of animals
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