NOTES

Chapter I--Hawaiian Air Force: Before the Attack

1. Hearings Before the Joint Committee on the Investigation of the Pearl Harbor Attack, Congress of the United States, Seventy-Ninth Congress (Washington, DC, 1946), Part 22, p. 36 [hereafter cited as Congressional Report].

2. Congressional Report, Part 15, pp. 1625-1626; Administrative History, Hq Seventh Air Force, 1916-May 1944.

3. Congressional Report, Part 27, pp. 156-158; rpt, HQ Wheeler Field/S-2 to Hawaiian Air Force/G-2, "Narrative Report of Enemy Activities, Wheeler Field, 7 December 1941," 10 Dec 41.

4. Congressional Report, Part 22, pp. 201-203; Prange, Gordon W., At Dawn We Slept, Penguin Books, 1981, pp. 89-91 [hereafter cited as Prange, At Dawn].

5. See note above.

6. W. F. Craven and J. L. Cate, ed, The Army Air Forces in World War II--Volume One, Plans and Early Operations, (Washington, DC, 1983), pp. 170-171 [hereafter cited as Craven and Cate].

7. J. McCarthy, "Introducing--A Typical Hickam Soldier!!", Honolulu Advertiser or Star-Bulletin [ca. Jan 41]; John Milton Neuhauser, Growing Up Gentle (Phillips, Wisconsin, 1988), p. 101.

8. See note above; photos, papers, and recollections of military members formerly stationed in Hawaii (filed in 15 ABW History Office); Scrapbooks donated to 15 ABW History Office; Russell J. Tener, "A First Person Account of the Japanese Attack on Pearl Harbor," 31 Jul 82, p. 7 [hereafter cited as Tener]; ltr, John W. Wilson, To Whom It May Concern, [request for Hickam: The First Fifty Years book], [ca. Dec 90].

9. Congressional Report, Part 22, pp. 349-351.

10. Congressional Report, Part 22, p. 309.

11. Appendix B lists all the aircraft available at the time of the attack; Congressional Report, Part 22, pp. 309-311; Reardin, Jim, Cracking The Zero Mystery, 1990, pp. 15-25; Gunston, Bill, The Encyclopedia of the World's Combat Aircraft, 1976, p. 161.

12. Congressional Report, Part 22, pp. 119-121, 202-206.

13. Lambert, John W., The Pineapple Air Force: Pearl Harbor to Tokyo, (Phalanx Pub., 1990), p. 7 [hereafter cited as Lambert, Pineapple Air Force]; Congressional Report, Part 22, pp. 111, 202-204, 211-212, 225-228.

14. Lambert, Pineapple Air Force, p. 7; Congressional Report, Part 22, pp. 211-212.

15. Lambert, Pineapple Air Force, p. 7; Congressional Report, Part 3, pp. 1070-1073, Part 22, pp. 114-115, 119-121.

16. Congressional Report, Part 22, pp. 114-115, 119-121, 226-227.

17. Congressional Report, Part 18, p. 3187, Part 24, pp. 2010-2011.

18. Congressional Report, Part 22, pp. 221-224.

19. Congressional Report, Part 28, pp. 986-982.

Chapter II--Assignment Paradise: Bomber Command

1. Douglas Boswell, ed, All About Hawaii (Honolulu, 1960), pp. 13-14; Craven and Cate, p. 173.

2. Ltr, Brig Gen E. T. Conley, War Dept Acting Adj Gen, to Mrs. Horace M. Hickam, [designation of Hickam Field], 20 May 35; GO 4, War Dept, 21 May 35; "Hickam Field Largest U.S. Air Corps Station," Honolulu Advertiser or Star-Bulletin [ca. 1940]; The Hickam Bomber, Hickam Field, 1942 [hereafter cited as The Hickam Bomber].

3. Hewlett, "Luke Field Passes On," Honolulu Star-Bulletin, 4 Nov 39; Maurer Maurer, Aviation in the U.S. Army, 1919-1939, Office of AF History, 1987, p. 371.

4. "Largest Air Corps Mecca Under Flag," Honolulu Advertiser or Star-Bulletin, 19 Jun 38.

5. Ibid.; "Hickam Field Development As Biggest Aerodrome Told," Honolulu Star-Bulletin, 11 Dec 36.

6. Basic History of Army Air Base, APO 953, 1 Jun 44.

7. Administrative History of Headquarters Seventh Air Force, from 1916 to May 1944 [hereafter cited as 7AF Admin Hist]; Preliminary History of VII Air Force Service Command, 25 Dec 41 to 15 Oct 42; F. Hewlett, "Luke Field Passes On," Honolulu Star-Bulletin, 4 Nov 39.

8. Hewlett, "Luke Field Passes On," Honolulu Star-Bulletin, 4 Nov 39.

9. 7AF Admin Hist.

10. "Hickam Men Live in Tents Until Barracks Finished," Honolulu Advertiser or Star-Bulletin, [ca. 1939]; H. Albright, "Tent Village Springs Up On Hangar Line at Army's Largest Air Base," Honolulu Advertiser, 19 Feb 38; Erwin N. Thompson, Pacific Ocean Engineers, History of the US Army Corps of Engineers in the Pacific, 1905-1980, p. 82.

11. M.McCoskrie, "Hickam Hotel Under Management of Uncle Sam," The Honolulu Advertiser, 25 May 41, p. 3.

12. H. Albright, 'Come and Get It' Means Big Rush At Hickam Where 1,600 Feed Daily," Honolulu Advertiser or Star-Bulletin, [ca. 1940]; A. Kreiner, "Hickam's Mess Hall Big as a Balloon Hangar," Honolulu Advertiser or Star-Bulletin, [ca. 1940].

13. Denver D. Gray, "I Remember Pearl Harbor: A Nebraska Army Air Force Officer in the Pacific Theatre During World War II," Nebraska History, V62 (Winter 1981), p. 449 [hereafter cited as Gray].

14. "Largest Air Corps Mecca Under Flag," Honolulu Advertiser or Star-Bulletin, 19 Jun 38.

15. Ibid.; M. Mathews, "Crash Boat Rescue Fleet Pride of Hickam," Honolulu Advertiser or Star-Bulletin, [ca. 1940].

16. The Hickam Bomber.

17. M. Mathews, "Airforce [sic] Schools Turn Out Technical Experts," Honolulu Advertiser or Star-Bulletin, 18 Jan 41; J. McCarthy, "Hickam Trade School Has Big Attendance," Honolulu Advertiser or Star-Bulletin, [ca. 1941]; Hickam Highlights, Vol V, No. 2, 11 Jul 41, p. 17; US Army Air Corps diploma for Aircraft Mechanics course, PFC Herbert J. Kelly, 5 Jun 40.

18. See note 16 above; J. McCarthy, "Hickam Trade School Has Big Attendance," Honolulu Advertiser or Star-Bulletin, [ca. 1941],

19. See note 16 above; "Hawaiian Air Depot," Origins of Air Force in Hawaii, 1889-1957, pp. 238-253.

20. See note 16 above.

21. Capt Kenneth L. Bayley, USAF (Ret), "Life at Hickam, 1940," Mar 88, pp. 2-3.

22. Ibid.; G. Papanic, Who Else Was Guilty at "Pearl"? (New York, 1982), pp. 13-14 [hereafter cited as Papanic]; A. C. Fryman, "Sampling of Items from the 1941 Menu of Black Cat Cafe, Honolulu, Hawaii."

23. Papanic, pp. 13-14; R. Jacobs, "Afterthoughts: Cheeseburgers in Paradise," Honolulu, Dec 87, p. 162; Tener, p. 9.

24. See notes 16 and 22 above; intvw, L. R. Arakaki, Historian, with Maj Gen Russell L. Waldron, USAF (Ret), 7 Feb 86, p. 8.

25. See notes 16 and 21 above.

26. See note above.

27. Hickam News, Vol I, No. 1, 15 Mar 40, p. 11.

28. Forrest A. Brandt, Addendum to "Some World War II Recollections," 8 Dec 81.

29. 7AF Admin Hist, p. 7; Craven and Cate, pp. 172-173.

30. Craven and Cate, pp. 174-179.

31. Ltr w/1 Incl, Research Studies Institute, Air University, "Commanding Officers of Hickam AFB," 25 Apr 58; Congressional Report, pp. 432-433; intvw, Dr. Ronald E. Marcello, North Texas State University, with Maj Gen Russell Waldron, 7 Dec 80, p. 8 [hereafter cited as Waldron].

32. I. W. Southern, "Roosevelts [sic] Day of Infamy, My Day of Hell: Pearl Harbor--December 7th 1941," n.d., p. 3 [hereafter cited as Southern]; Tener, pp. 10-11.

33. Gray, pp. 448-449; Waldron, pp. 12-13.

Chapter III--Assignment Paradise: Fighter Command

1. 7AF Admin Hist, pp. 2-3; Lt W. C. Addleman, "History of the US Army in Hawaii, 1849 to 1939," pp. 34-35.

2. See note above; Preliminary History of VII Air Force Service Command (25 Dec 41--15 Oct 42), p. 27.

3. Historical Review--Engineer Library, US Army Corps of Engineers, Vols 1, 2 & 3, Covering Operations During World War II, Pacific Ocean Area, pp. 61-62.

4. Wheeler Field/Wheeler AFB Chronology, pp. 3 and 5.

5. 7AF Admin Hist, p. 6; Preliminary History of VII AF Service Command (25 Dec 41--15 Oct 42), pp. 28-30.

6. See Appendix A.

7. Craven and Cate, p. 172; John W. Lambert, The Long Campaign: The History of the 15th Fighter Group in World War II (Manhattan, Kansas, 1982), p. 12 [hereafter cited as Lambert, Long Campaign]; M. Mathews, "30 Army Pursuit Planes Make Dramatic, Unannounced Arrival," Honolulu Advertiser or Star-Bulletin, 22 Feb 41.

8. Craven and Cate, p. 172; Lambert, Pineapple Air Force, p. 5; Lambert, Long Campaign, p. 12.

9. Lambert, Pineapple Air Force, pp. 6-7.

10. Memoirs of Edward J. White, ASN 6151708, 16 Oct 86.

11. Ibid.

12. Ibid.

13. Lani Nedbalek, Wahiawa: From Dream to Community (Mililani, Hawaii, 1984), pp. 73, 78-79.

14. "GALADAY," a historical brochure commemorating the dedication of Wheeler Field Airdrome and Post Office, 7 Aug 41; Prange, At Dawn, p. 178.

15. GO 68, Hq Hawaiian Department, 27 Oct 41; Lambert, Pineapple Air Force, p. 9.

16. Congressional Reports: Part 28, pp. 1488-1489; Part 29, pp. 2116-2117.

17. Lambert, Pineapple Air Force, p. 12.

18. Lt W. C. Addleman, "History of the US Army in Hawaii, 1849 to 1939," p. 17; GO 8, War Dept, 19 Aug 33; History of Bellows Field from Time of Inception to 31 Mar 44 [hereafter cited as Bellows History], p. 1.

19. Ibid., p. 2.

20. Ibid., pp. 2-3; War Dept QMC Form No. 117, "Airplane Runway," 11 Jan 33; Congressional Report, Part 28, p. 1573.

21. Bellows History, pp. 3-4.

22. Ibid., p. 2.

23. Ibid., p. 3; Statement by Woodrow W. (Chuck) Fry, former corporal assigned to 86th Observation Squadron, 16 Jun 90 [hereafter cited as Fry].

24. Bellows History, pp. 3 and 5; TSgt Donald C. Cameron, "A History of the Eighty Sixth Combat Mapping Squadron AAF" [hereafter cited as 86th Sq History]; Maurer Maurer, Combat Squadrons of the Air Force, World War II (Washington, 1982), p. 638; Fry; Statement by Edward J. Covelesky, former staff sergeant assigned to 44th Pursuit Sq [hereafter cited as Covelesky].

25. 86th Sq History; Fry; Covelesky; Bellows History, p. 6.

26. 86th Sq History.

27. Ibid., pp. 6 and 8.

28. Fry; Ltr from J. R. (Roger) Langley, former staff sergeant assigned to 86th Observation Sq, to Ronald J. Nash, 24 Mar 83; Stanley Thomas, "Bellows Field," Memorial Military Museum Newsletter, Jan 84, p. 3 [hereafter cited as Thomas].

29. Bellows History, p. 7.

30. Ibid., p. 7; Ltr from Mrs. James D. (Catherine) McFall, Jr. to Ronald J. Nash, 6 Apr 83.

31. Bellows History, p. 7; 86th Sq History; Ted Darcy, Army Aviation in Hawaii, 1913-1941, Apr 1991, p. 130.

32. 86th Sq History.

33. Congressional Report, Part 23, p. 744.

34. Ltr, 44 Ftr Sq to Comdg Ofcr, 18 Ftr Gp, "Organization History from Date of Activation to 31 December 1943," 20 Dec 44, p. 1; Covelesky; Congressional Report, Part 28, pp. 1572-1573.

35. Bellows History, pp. 10-11; Thomas.

36. Statement by Howard Taylor, former Provost Sergeant assigned to Hq Sq Hawaiian Air Force; Bellows History, pp. 10-11.

Chapter IV--7 December 1941: A Day That Will Live in Infamy

1. Prange, At Dawn, pp. 490-492 and chart on p. 375; Senshi Sosho: Hawai Sakusen (BKS Vol 10), pp. 596-616 [hereafter cited as Senshi Sosho].

2. See note above; Bill Gunston, The Encyclopedia of the World's Combat Aircraft (London, 1976), p. 167.

3. See note above.

4. See note 2; Jim Reardon, Cracking the Zero Mystery (Harrisburg, PA; 1990).

5. Prange, At Dawn, pp. 490-492; Senshi Sosho pp. 596-616.

6. Report, Brig Gen H. C. Davidson, Commanding Officer, Hawaiian Interceptor Comd, to Commanding General, Hawaiian Air Force, "Report of Enemy Activity over Oahu, 7 December 1941," 18 Dec 1941 [hereafter cited as Davidson Report]; Congressional Report, Part 22, pp. 193-196.

7. Interview, authors with Herbert E. Garcia, Curator, Tropic Lightning Museum, July 1990.

8. Prange, At Dawn, pp. 524-525; memorandum, Lt Col Clyde K. Rich to Col Raley, 20 Dec 1941.

9. Congressional Report, Part 1, pp. 49-50.

10. Prange, At Dawn, pp. 490-492, and chart on p. 375; Congressional Report, Part 1, pp. 49-50; memorandum, Lt Col Clyde K. Rich to Col Raley, 20 Dec 1941; Davidson Report; Senshi Sosho, pp. 596-616.

11. See note above.

12. See note 10.

13. Congressional Report, Part 10, pp. 5076-5080; Part 18, p. 3187.

14. Congressional Report, Part 10, pp. 538-541, 560-576.

15. Congressional Report, Part 18, pp. 3014-3015; Part 25, item 123.

16. Congressional Report, Part 10, pp. 5038-5041, 5059-5080; Part 18, pp. 3014-3015; Part 27, pp. 517-536, 566-571.

17. See note above.

18. See note above; Congressional Report, Part 32, pp. 341-351.

19. See notes 17 and 18.

20. Congressional Report, Part 3, pp. 1120-1121; Craven and Cate, p. 193.

21. Prange, At Dawn, pp. 481-482; Congressional Report, Part 18, p. 3015; Part 27, pp. 430-431.

22. Congressional Report, Part 28, pp. 1571-1573; Part 27, pp. 430-431; correspondence with Mr. David Aiken, Irving, Texas.

23. See Appendices C and D.

24. Lambert, Pineapple Air Force, p. 20; Congressional Report, Part 22, pp. 125-126; Appendices C and D.

25. See C and D.

26. Information about the attack that morning is as numerous as there are participants. The following is a list of the most pertinent data that seems to correspond with the preponderance of information: Lambert, p. 202 Appendix 3, and pp. 17-23 of the text, which is made up of primarily firsthand accounts of the action that morning by the participants. Craven and Cate, pp. 198-201; information taken from official reports, Congressional testimony, and several firsthand accounts. Congressional Report, Part 12, pp. 323-324; Part 22, pp. 249-257; Part 24, p. 1834. Figures and times given in the Congressional Record are open for debate; however, the descriptive testimony, especially by Welch and Taylor, agrees basically with later interviews given by the participants. Air Force Aerial Victory Credits: WWI, WWII, Korea, and Vietnam, USAF Historical Research Center (1988) p. 473. This official publication confirms ten of the eleven victories mentioned in text.

Chapter V--Hell in Paradise:Bomber Command

1. Prange, At Dawn, p. 25.

2. Congressional Report, Part 1, pp. 49-50.

3. Congressional Report, Part 27, pp. 434-440; Gordon W. Prange, Dec. 7, 1941 (Warner Books, 1988), p. 185 [hereafter cited as Prange, Dec 7].

4. Interview, Dr. James C. Hasdorff with Lt Gen Gordon A. Blake, 14-15 Dec 83, pp. 31-32 [hereafter cited as Blake].

5. Prange, Dec 7, p. 192; Blake, pp. 32-33.

6. Congressional Report, Part 27, p. 641; handwritten notes of Maj Charles P. Eckhert, 8-10 Dec 41, p. 1 [hereafter cited as Eckhert].

7. "Diary of events, morale, strength of employee personnel, and behavior of Depot personnel during the period 7 to 15 Dec 41," HQ HAD, 15 Dec 41; "Bankston Receives Purple Heart," HAD News, 20 Mar 44, p. 9.

8. Eckhert, pp. 1-2; Blake, pp. 33-34.

9. News Release 75115, [CMSgt Chase retires from military service], 15 ABW Chief of Information, 13 Jun 75; Southern, pp. 4-5.

10. Southern, pp. 5-7.

11. Harold S. Kaye, "Hickam Field, 7 December 1941--The First US Army Air Corps Flying Fortress (B-17D) Combat Mission in World War II," Aerospace Historian, Dec 86, p. 220 [hereafter cited as Kaye]; Walter Lord, Day of Infamy (Bantam Books, Inc., 1957), pp. 109-110, 152 [hereafter cited as Lord]; Michael Slackman, Target: Pearl Harbor (Honolulu, 1990), p. 129 [hereafter cited as Slackman]; "Remember!", Hickam Highlights Souvenir Issue, Vol 3, Nr 1, 7 Dec 45, pp. 6-7 [hereafter cited as Remember!].

12. Prange, Dec 7, pp. 188, 193, 293; Slackman, p. 130; Southern, p. 9.

13. William Melnyk, "Events on December 7, 1941," [ca. Sep 1990], p. 1 [hereafter cited as Melnyk].

14. Tener, pp. 12-13.

15. Melnyk, p. 1; Blake Clark, Remember Pearl Harbor! (New York, 1942), p. 40.

16. Melnyk, p. 2; Gray, p. 451.

17. Gray, pp. 451-452, 480; Lord, pp. 76, 151-152; Prange, At Dawn, pp. 534-535.

18. Gray, pp. 455-456.

19. Gabriel W. Christie, Pearl Harbor--The Day of Infamy," [ca. Jan 88], p. 1 [hereafter cited as Christie].

20. George J. Gabik, "Dec. 7th Memories," pp. 1-2 [hereafter cited as Gabik]; Christie, p. 1; Marion W. Hudson, "Dec. 7th Memories"; Carlos F. McCuiston, "December 7th Memories," p. 1 [hereafter cited as McCuiston].

21. Christie, p. 2.

22. McCuiston, pp. 2-3; History of 19th Troop Carrier Sq, 1941-1945, pp. 3-4 [hereafter cited as 19 TCS History]; Gabik, p2.

23. Slackman, p. 132; intvw, L. R. Arakaki, 15 ABW Historian, with Mr. Raymond L, Perry, former PFC assigned to 29th Car Company at Fort Shafter, 11 Mar 91.

24. Interview with Maj Frank H. Lane, Hospital Commander, Hickam Field, 7 Dec 41 [n.d.], pp. 1-2 [hereafter cited as Lane].

25. Ibid., pp. 2-3.

26. Ibid.; The Hickam Bomber, Hickam Field, 1942; "Hickam's Hospital J-Day," Hickam Highlights, 1 Jan 42, p. 3; Lord, pp. 55-56.

27. Lane, pp. 3-5; The Hickam Bomber, Hickam Field, 1942; "Hickam's Hospital J-Day," Hickam Highlights, 1 Jan 42, p. 3.

28. Lane, pp. 4-5; "Hickam's Hospital J-Day," Hickam Highlights, 1 Jan 42, p. 3; The Hickam Bomber, Hickam Field, 1942; "Obituary: Annie Gayton Fox," San Francisco Examiner, 25 Jan 87, p. B-7.

29. Lane, p. 4.

30. Waldron, pp. 13-15.

31. Ibid., pp. 15-18.

32. 19 TCS History, p. 3; Samuel D. Rodibaugh, "Dec. 7th Memories," p. 1; Arthur C. Townsend, [Dec. 7 memories], w/GO 23 (extract copy), Hq VII AF Base Comd, 27 Jun 42.

33. "General L. G. Saunders, Commanding Officer 23rd Bomb Squad," Pearl Harbor--Gram, Apr 78, pp. 1 and 15 [hereafter cited as PH-Gram].

34. "December 7th Memories of Lee E. Metcalfe," n.d., pp. 1-2.

35. Prange, Dec 7, pp. 185-186; Jessie Reed Seyle, "Pearl Harbor, Dec. 1941, as I Remember It," pp. 1-2 [hereafter cited as Seyle]; Lord, pp. 108-109; Kaye, p. 220.

36. Remember!, pp. 4-5.

37. Lambert, p. 108; P. Lovinger, "Hickam Fire Chief on Pearl Harbor Day Pays Visit," Honolulu Star-Bulletin, 27 Nov 60.

38. J. Y. Bowman, "The City Burned on Dec. 7th," 1976 Fire Prevention Week booklet by Hawaii Fire Fighters Association; "Heroes in Fire Helmets," The National Firefighters Journal, Nov/Dec 1980, p. 44; J. E. Bowen, "December 7, 1941--The Day the Honolulu Fire Department Went to War," The Hawaiian Journal of History, Vol 13, 1976, pp. 126-128 [hereafter cited as Bowen].

39. See note above.

40. Bowen, pp. 129-130; Slackman, p. 131.

41. Ltr, Maj Rod House, USAF (Ret), [58 Bomb Sq], 18 Apr 90 [hereafter cited as House]; Prange, Dec 7, pp. 183, 188, 243-244, 294, 329; Operational History of the Seventh Air Force, 7 Dec 41-6 Dec 43, p. 5 [hereafter cited as 7AF Op Hist]; Kaye, pp. 218 and 224.

Chapter VI--Hell in Paradise: Fighter Command

1. Congressional Report, Part 1, pp. 50-51; Part 28, p. 1486.

2. Ibid., Part 28, p. 1487.

3. Letter, Brig Gen H. C. Davidson to CG, Hawaiian AF, "Report of Enemy Activity over Oahu, 7 Dec 41," 18 Dec 41.

4. Wilfred D. Burke, "Remembering Pearl Harbor," Saga, Dec 1981, pp. 14-16 [hereafter cited as Burke].

5. History of the 15th Pursuit Group (F), 17 Jan 42, p. 24; Prange, Dec 7, p. 197; Burke, p. 16; Memoirs of Edward J. White, 16 Oct 86, p. 5.

6. Burke, p. 16; Congressional Report, Part 22, pp. 116-118 and 257-259; ltr, Wesley Warnock, to 15 ABW, "Wheeler Airdrome's 65th Anniversary Book," 12 Oct 86; "Squadron History of the Sky-Riders" by 1st Sgt Clarence W. Kindl; Prange, Dec 7, p. 199; Lambert, pp. 16-17.

7. Burke, pp. 16-17; Lambert, p. 17.

8. Burke, pp. 17 and 52.

9. Burke, pp. 52-53; Henry C. Woodrum, "Cloak of Darkness," Aerospace Historian, Dec 1988, p. 282 [hereafter cited as Woodrum]; Prange, Dec 7, p. 195.

10. Burke, pp. 53-54.

11. Intvw, L. R. Arakaki, 15 ABW Historian, with Col T. Ahola, USAF (Ret), 15 Apr 91; Lambert, p. 16; W. Hoover, "This pilot was caught on the ground," The Sunday Star-Bulletin & Advertiser, 7 Dec 86, p. A-18.

12. Woodrum, p. 282.

13. Ibid., pp. 282-283.

14. History of the 15th Pursuit Group (F), 17 Jan 42, p. 24.

15. Woodrum, pp. 283-284.

16. Ibid., pp. 284-285.

17. Ibid., pp. 284-285.

18. Ibid., pp. 285-286.

19. Statement by George J. Van Gieri, 30 Sep 86; "Servicemen remember Pearl Harbor 46 years later," The Village Times, 10 Dec 87, pp. 3 and 6.

20. Ltr, CMSgt Harry P. Kilpatrick, USAF (Ret), to Capt Kevin Krejcarek, 15 ABW Public Affairs Officer [info on Wheeler Field], 19 Nov 86.

21. Ltr, CWO Joe K. Harding, USAF (Ret), to L. Arakaki, [7 Dec 41 experience], circa Jan 1987.

22. Christopher Cross, Soldiers of God (New York, date unknown), p. 28.

23. Ibid., p. 29.

24. Ibid., pp. 29-32.

25. Bellows History, p. 11; Congressional Report: Part 1, p. 51, and Part 23, p. 744; ltr, Lt Col C. K. Rich, Bellows Executive Ofcr, to G-2, Hawaiian AF, "Report of Enemy Operations 7 Dec 41," 12 Dec 41.

26. See note above; Congressional Report: Part 22, p. 294, and Part 23, p. 742; memo to Col Raley from Lt Col Clyde K. Rich, [report of 7 Dec 41 attack], 20 Dec 41, pp. 1-3 [hereafter cited as Rich]; History of the 86th Combat Mapping Squadron AAF by TSgt Donald C. Cameron; Forrest E. Decker, CWO, USA (Ret), "His Experience on 7 Dec 41," p. 2 [hereafter cited as Decker].

27. Thomas, pp. 2-3; ltr, Elmer L. Rund to Betsy Camacho, [7 Dec 41 attack on Bellows Field], 7 Sep 90, p. 2 [hereafter cited as Rund].

28. Brief History of Sedalia AFB, 1942-1954; Rund, p. 3; Covelesky, p. 3.

29. Lambert, Pineapple Air Force, p. 18.

30. Bellows History, p. 13; Rich, p. 2; Martin Caidin, Flying Forts (Meredith Press, 1968), pp. 177-182; unit history, 38 RS, 12 Jun 17--May 42; 38 RS deployment orders, Special Order No. 1, 4 Dec 41; Rund, p. 1; Covelesky, p. 2.

31. Ltr, Lester A. Ellis to Betsy Camacho, 29 May 90, pp. 1-2.

Chapter VII--After the Attack

1. Congressional Report, Part 1, pp. 52-59; Craven and Cate, p. 200.

2. Congressional Report: Part 1, p. 58; Part 27, p. 435; Part 28, p. 1486; Southern, p. 9; Gwenfread Allen, Hawaii's War Years (University of Hawaii Press, 1950), pp. 29 and 32 [hereafter cited as Gwenfread Allen].

3. Seyle, pp. 1-3.

4. Lane, pp. 4-6, 7-8; "Hickam's Hospital J-Day," Hickam Highlights, 1 Jan 42, p. 3.

5. Lane, p. 8.

6. Congressional Report, Part 22, p. 194; 7AF Op Hist, p. 5; House, p. 2.

7. PH-Gram, p. 15; Kaye, pp. 224-225; 7AF Op Hist, p. 5; Oral History #566, "Historical Documentation of Maj Gen Brooke E. Allen," Dec 65, pp. 6-7.

8. Waldron, pp. 19-22; 7AF Op Hist, p. 5.

9. Lambert, Pineapple Air Force, pp. 23-24; intvw, L. R. Arakaki, 15 ABW Historian, with Col T. Ahola, USAF (Ret), 15 Apr 91; W. Hoover, "This pilot was caught on the ground," The Sunday Star-Bulletin & Advertiser, 7 Dec 86, p. A-19.

10. Craven and Cate, p. 200; Kaye, p. 227.

11. Report by Col Rudolph L. Duncan, US Army Signal Corps (Ret), "If I'd Only Had the Right Information from Washington," p. 5.

12. Gray, p. 456.

13. Prange, Dec 7, p. 336; 1st Sgt Charles Leyshock, "Monroe Soldier Tells of Attack on Hawaii," p 4; Gwenfread Allen, p. 131.

14. Lane, p. 7.

15. Lane, p. 6; 25 Inf Div Journal, 7 Dec 41, pp. 4-11; Memo No. 24, Hq Hawaiian Dept, 23 Dec 41, par 1.

16. Prange, Dec 7, p. 347; Gwenfread Allen, p. 89.

17. Prange, Dec 7, pp. 353, 359-360; Gray, p. 455.

18. Statement by Bruno Siko, "Dec. 7th Memories"; statement by Francis L. Mack, "Dec. 7th Memories"; Christie, p. 3.

19. Woodrum, p. 290.

20. Recollections of Charles L. Hendrix, 12 Dec 41; Burke, p. 55.

21. Woodrum, p. 289.

22. Ibid.

23. Ltr, Paul C. Plybon, Sr., to Betsy Camacho, [Dec 7 and 8 experience], 6 Sep 90 [hereafter cited as Plybon]; Decker, pp. 2-3; Thomas, p. 5.

24. Ltr, Col Jean K. Lambert, USAF (Ret), to Betsy Camacho, [midget sub], 20 Jun 90.

25. Ibid., p. 3; Plybon, p. 2; Metcalfe, p. 3.

26. Congressional Report, Part 37, p. 1148; Kazuo Sakamaki, I Attacked Pearl Harbor (New York, 1949), p. 108.

27. "2-Man Midget Submarine," Wings 72, Grand Rapids, Michigan.

28. Ibid.; Lambert, Pineapple Air Force, pp. 5-6.

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