Hi Dr Elaine,
Sorry
for the delay in answering but I took five days off.
Did
some small research on tropical fungi that grows underneath
Bamboo plants. I figured that if bamboo and bamboo leaves
have one of the strongest fibers found in plants then any fungi
species capable of degrading bamboo leaves and bamboo debris
will do just fine in degrading other plant material.
My
idea is to multiply bamboo fungal species and use them
to make compost for a future compost tea extraction.
I
took several samples and incubated them with Wheat floor.
Growth
of the fungi was astonishing for a single day at
ambient
temperatures ( we are having temps in the 100´s)
I
have not received any form from Will so far but evidently I
was
out for 5 days.
I
will know tomorrow when I get to the office.
As
soon as I get them I shall let you know.
Thank
you for all the important information on pleomorphism.
Of
course we will be glad to have you down here should we decide to
move forward on the Brazilian Lab. I am sure soil microbiology is the way
to go. Chemical agriculture has taken the fact that plants utilizes
nutrients
in their inorganic form ( not 100 % of them but most of them ) totally out
of contest to justify feeding the plants with strickly inorganic diets.
Off
course the task of transforming nutrients from organic into inorganic
form available to the plants in the soil is done by soil microbes.
The
more we understand that fact the more we are capable of managing
our resources towards designing a more efficient diet for our plants and
soils.
Besides
that fact there is still the other aspect of biotic substances ( plant
growth regulators, vitamins, enzymes, etc… ) being
constantly produced
in the presence of an active soil microbiology which is not the case in a
strickly chemicalized type of agriculture.
The
more people realize this fact the more customers a soil microbiology
will have.
I
will keep you informed.
Regards
Jose
Hi Jose -
I have a bunch of "old" questions from you I need to work on.
Has Will sent the non-compete, non-disclosure form so we can get going on a
Brazil lab? That's step one. After you sign and send back, we send
the affiliate lab guidelines. You read it over, decide what you want to
do, and then let us know.
We work with you to get the lab up and running.
I'd love to come down and meet your people, help you pick someone who can be
the lab manager in Brazil, and have them come back to SFI Corvallis for a
couple months to learn the things they need to know.
--------------------
We have added beneficial organism assays, so the pleomorphic question becomes
important.
But, pleomorphism is related to colony morphology, not shape and size when you
look at the organism using direct methods.
Pseudomonads are famous for having bunches of different colony morphologies,
for example, but when you pull bacteria from each different-appearing colony
from the plate and look at them under the microscope, they are not
morphologically different. You can tell they are the same
bacterium. The slime quality is different, but not the bacterial
shape.
In some cases, Bacillus species can be longer and shorter, based on food
resource they are using. So, you might count something as two species
when it is in fact only one species.
But the real problem in using morphology to estimate species is that different
species look exactly the same. You can't differentiate Azotobacteria
species one from species two. They look the same. So, type two
errors are going to be much more prevalent. We underestimate species
diversity using morphology, not overestimate.
As long as we know that to be the case, the morphological direct count approach
is useful. Certainly much more useful that plate count approaches.
And alot less expensive, at least for now, than molecular approaches.
As the molecular approaches become economically
feasible, we'll move to using them. And in fact, part of our analysis in
the beneficial organism assay relies on molecular methods. To assess
N-fixation, we rely on molecular techniques.
Most likely, most pathogenic bacteria have more than one name, because they
have a name when growing and causing disease on one plant species, but on
another plant where they do not cause disease, they have another name.
Molecular approaches are the way to go, but there's millions of dollars of
research yet to go before those methods become useful. Well, there are
companies doing that work, but on human pathogens, not soil organisms.
The methods are coming along rapidly, and we're set to jump in and get started
on the bacterial and fungal approach once the methods become a bit less
expensive.
For example, the machine to help you do the probe replication, and then the ID
of fluorescent excitation, costs about $190,000 right now. There are
significant problems with repeatability still. And you still have to do
the PCR, isolation, and probe development, specificity testing. Give it
time, though, and researchers will get it worked out.
We're watching and waiting.......
Elaine
I mean pleomorphism in microorganisms.
There is
a considerable amount of evidence showing
that
microrganisms can assume different forms.
That
could add to the difficulty in studying them from
a
morphological stand point.
Also if
you have to kill and fix a microbe in order to see it
that is
the end of the story. Some organisms assume different
forms
throughout their lives and killing and fixing
destroys
the whole dynamic of the cycle.
How do
see that particular aspect of the microorganisms and
specially
soil microorganisms ? Have you noticed pleomorphism
in any
of the organisms you have studied in the soil ?
Can the
same organism have more than one name ?
Jose
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