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Oppiliappan List Archive: Message 00014 Jun 2004

 
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SrI:

Dear BhakthAs of  Lord  PaarTasArathy :
 
Today , we  will study the EIGHTH Chapter of
SrImath Bhagvath GeethA , which is the second chapter
in the second hextad of Geethai adhyAyams .It will take 
more than one post to summarize the high lights of
this chapter and its relationship to the previous chapter.

Swamy  Desikan's summary of the EIGHTH Chapter of Geethai
**************************************************
Swamy Desikan's BRILLIANT  summary of the 28 slOkams of
the EIGHTH chapter has taken  this form in his
GithArtha Sangraham Paasuram :

aarAtha selvamum aar uyir kaaNum arum payanum
pErAthu tann kazhal keezh amarum peru vAzhcchikaLum
sOrAthu uhanthavar thUmathi koLvathum seyvanavum
tErA Visayanukkut-ThirunAraNan seppinanE 

---GeethArtha Samgraham : Paasuram 9.

(Meaning ): Lord KrishNA , the direct incarnation of 
SrIman NaarAyaNan , performed upadEsam to the confused
Arjunan about the doctrines to be grasped and the practises to be 
observed by the different adhikAris ( qualified ones) who desire 
either undiminishing wealth  or the enjoyment arising from 
the direct visualization of the Self or the parama purushArTam
( the Supreme Goal) of living forever at the sacred feet of
the Lord in His Supreme abode (SrI Vaikuntham).

Prelude to the 8th Chapter
**********************
At the end of the 7th chapter, Bhagavan Used two slOkams 
( 29th and 30th slOkam) to instruct ArjunA about the need for 
a clear understanding of three tatthvams for those who wish 
to get  a release from dhOshams like old age , death et al and 
to enjoy the aanandham of direct visualization of the AathmA 
(KaivalyAnubhavam) . These three tatthvams to be understood 
were mentioned without elaboration as "Brahmam , adhyAthmam 
and Karmam ". Here " Brahmam " stands for the Supreme abode of 
auspicious attributes (viz)., Svaroopam of VishNu . " AdhyAthmam 
Kruthsnam " refers to the entire JnA~na svaroopam of the JeevAthma 
seen during KaivalyAnubhavam . "akhilam Karma " refers to the 
entire karmAs of the Lord . The adhikAri (seeker ) here is the one
who desires the joy of KaivalyAnubhavam . This was covered 
in the 29th slOkam of the 7th Chapter and was for the benefit of
KavalyArTi , the one seeking Kaivalya anubhavam.

In the 30th and the final slOkam of the 7th chapter ,  our Lord 
aimed His instruction at the other three adhikAris ( Aartthan  , 
arTArTi and Jig~nAsu) , who are collectively named as 
the seekers of Iswaryam ( IsvaryArTi). Our Lord indicated 
that these three adhikAris should know about adhibhUtham ,
adhidhaivam , adhiyaj~nam and anthima smruthi ( rememberance
of the Lord even during the last moments on earth). 

Strictly speaking there are three types of adhkAris instead of Four :

(1) KaivalyArTi, who desires pure aathmAnubhavam
(visualization and enjoyment of the Self) .

(2) IsvaryArTi, who desires the best of worldly joys .
The one wants to regain lost weath (aarTi) and one who
wishes to gain  wealth for the first time are both clubbed 
under " IsvaryArTi" .

(3) MokshArTi , who desires not Kaivalyam or perishable 
lOka sukham but longs for Moksham ( residence in  SrI Vaikuntam
to enjoy the bliss of nithya kaimakryam to SrIman NaarAyaNan).

Each of these three kinds of adhikAris need to understand different 
tattvams ( Brahmam , adhyAthmam and Karmam for KaivalyArTis
and adhyayaj~nam ) . 

Arjuna was confused between these terminologies and the requirements
that each kind of adhikAri should possess . In the first slOkam of the 8th
Chapter , Arjuna pleads withb the Lord to explain these concepts clearly.

There are 8 questions from Arjuna : (1) Who is that Brahmam ? 
(2) Waht is adhyAthmam ? (3) What is Karmam ? (4) What are
the activities of Brahmam? (5) What is adhibhUtham ?
(6) What is adhidhaivam ? (7) How can one find adhiyaj~nam in 
the body of  Jeevans? Who is adhujaj~nan ? (8) During the last 
moments ,what is your purpose of Yours , what form are you 
appearing and how can one recognize You then ?

Throughout the entire 8th chapter , BhagavAn answers
clearly the above 8 questions from Arjuna.

(To be continued )  
 
Swami Desikan ThiruvadigLE SaraNam ,
Daasan  , Oppiliappan Koil VaradAchAri Sadagopan
 
SrImathE SrI Lakshminrusimha Dhivya PaadhukA Sevaka
SrIvaNN SaThakOpa SrI NaarAyaNa YathIndhra MahA DesikAya Nama:




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