SrI:
Dear BhakthAs of Lord PaarTasArathy :
Today , we will study the EIGHTH Chapter of
SrImath Bhagvath GeethA , which is the second chapter
in the second hextad of Geethai adhyAyams .It will take
more than one post to summarize the high lights of
this chapter and its relationship to the previous chapter.
Swamy Desikan's summary of the EIGHTH Chapter of Geethai
**************************************************
Swamy Desikan's brilliant summary of the 28 slOkams of
the EIGHTH chapter has taken this form in his
GithArtha Sangraham Paasuram :
aarAtha selvamum aar uyir kaaNum arum payanum
pErAthu tann kazhal keezh amarum peru vAzhcchikaLum
sOrAthu uhanthavar thUmathi koLvathum seyvanavum
tErA Visayanukkut-ThirunAraNan seppinanE
---GeethArtha Samgraham : Paasuram 9.
(Meaning ): Lord KrishNA , the direct incarnation of
SrIman NaarAyaNan , performed upadEsam to the confused
Arjunan about the doctrines to be grasped and the practises to be
observed by the four different adhikAris ( qualified ones) who desire
either undiminishing wealth or the enjoyment arising from
the direct visualization of the Self or the parama purushArTam
( the Supreme Goal) of living forever at the sacred feet of
the Lord in His Supreme abode (SrI Vaikuntham).
Prelude to the 8th Chapter
**********************
At the very end of the 7th chapter, Bhagavan Used two slOkams
( 29th and 30th slOkam) to instruct ArjunA about the need for
a clear understanding of three tatthvams by those who wish
to get a release from dhOshams like old age , death et al and
to enjoy the aanandham of direct visualization of the AathmA
(KaivalyAnubhavam) . These three tatthvams to be understood
were mentioned without elaboration as " Brahmam , adhyAthmam
and Karmam ". Here " Brahmam " stands for the Supreme abode of
auspicious attributes (viz)., Svaroopam of VishNu . " AdhyAthmam-
Kruthsnam " refers to the blessed JnA~na svaroopam of the JeevAthma
seen during KaivalyAnubhavam . "akhilam Karma " refers to the
entire karmAs of the Lord . The adhikAri (seeker ) here is the one
who desires the joy of KaivalyAnubhavam . This upadEsam
was covered in the 29th slOkam of the 7th Chapter and was for
the benefit of KavalyArTi , the one seeking Kaivalya anubhavam.
In the 30th and the final slOkam of the 7th chapter , our Lord
aimed His instruction at the other remaining three adhikAris
( Aartthan , arTArTi and Jig~nAsu) , who are collectively named as
the seekers of Iswaryam ( IsvaryArTi). Our Lord indicated
that these three adhikAris should know about adhibhUtham ,
adhidhaivam , adhiyaj~nam and anthima smruthi ( rememberance
of the Lord even during their last moments on earth).
Strictly speaking there are three types of adhkAris instead of Four :
(1) KaivalyArTi, who desires pure aathmAnubhavam
(visualization and enjoyment of the Self) .
(2) IsvaryArTi, who desires the best of worldly joys .
The one wants to regain lost weath (aarTi) and one who
wishes to gain wealth for the first time are both clubbed
under " IsvaryArTi" .
(3) MokshArTi , who desires neither Kaivalyam nor perishable
lOka sukhams but longs only for Moksham ( residence in SrI Vaikuntam
to enjoy the bliss of nithya kaimakryam to SrIman NaarAyaNan).
Each of these three kinds of adhikAris need to understand different
tattvams ( Brahmam , adhyAthmam and Karmam for KaivalyArTis
and adhyayaj~nam ) .
Arjuna was confused between these terminologies and the requirements
that each kind of adhikAri should possess . In the first slOkam of the 8th
Chapter , Arjuna pleads with the Lord to explain these concepts clearly.
There are 8 questions from Arjuna : (1) Who is that Brahmam ?
(2) What is adhyAthmam ? (3) What is Karmam ? (4) What are
the activities of Brahmam? (5) What is adhibhUtham ?
(6) What is adhidhaivam ? (7) How can one find adhiyaj~nam in
the body of Jeevans? Who is adhujaj~nan ? (8) During the last
moments ,what is the purpose of Yours(Lord's) , what form are you
(My Lord) appearing and how can one recognize You then ?
Throughout the entire 8th chapter , BhagavAn answers
patiently and clearly the above 8 questions from Arjuna.
(To be continued )
Swami Desikan ThiruvadigLE SaraNam ,
Daasan , Oppiliappan Koil VaradAchAri Sadagopan
SrImathE SrI Lakshminrusimha Dhivya PaadhukA Sevaka
SrIvaNN SaThakOpa SrI NaarAyaNa YathIndhra MahA DesikAya Nama:
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