μὴ…πειρασμόν and Οὐκ ἐκπειράσεις Mt.6:13 & Lk.4:12

Semantic Range, Lexicography, and other approaches to word meaning - in general, or for particular words.
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Stephen Hughes
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Joined: February 26th, 2013, 7:12 am

μὴ…πειρασμόν and Οὐκ ἐκπειράσεις Mt.6:13 & Lk.4:12

Post by Stephen Hughes »

Matthew 6:13 wrote:καὶ μὴ εἰσενέγκῃς ἡμᾶς εἰς πειρασμόν, ἀλλὰ ῥῦσαι ἡμᾶς ἀπὸ τοῦ πονηροῦ.
Luke 4:12 wrote:Οὐκ ἐκπειράσεις κύριον τὸν θεόν σου .
The the reading of πειρασμόν in Matthew 6:13 in reference to the testing of the LORD possible from the derivational morphology of the word?

There are definite parallisms to be found between the narrative of the temptation, and the Lord's Prayer. At the end of the testing, the Devil asks Jesus to use scripture to force God's hand, it seems. That is the point of the Lord's Prayer where the μὴ εἰσενέγκῃς ἡμᾶς εἰς πειρασμόν also occurs.
Γελᾷ δ' ὁ μωρός, κἄν τι μὴ γέλοιον ᾖ
(Menander, Γνῶμαι μονόστιχοι 108)
Barry Hofstetter

Re: μὴ…πειρασμόν and Οὐκ ἐκπειράσεις Mt.6:13 & Lk.4:12

Post by Barry Hofstetter »

"Derivational morphology?" I don't think the question can be answered by the form or etymology of the word, but only by its usage in context.
Stephen Hughes
Posts: 3323
Joined: February 26th, 2013, 7:12 am

Re: μὴ…πειρασμόν and Οὐκ ἐκπειράσεις Mt.6:13 & Lk.4:12

Post by Stephen Hughes »

Barry Hofstetter wrote:"Derivational morphology?" I don't think the question can be answered by the form or etymology of the word, but only by its usage in context.
I mean does the -σμός nominal ending in any way determine whether the word πειρασμός our tempting of God (an implied objective genitive), or our temptation by another (we are the implied subject of the noun). Does that ending (in derivational morphology) predispose it either way.

There are two contexts here; the parallelism of Jesus temptation and the following verse about deliverance from the evil one.
Γελᾷ δ' ὁ μωρός, κἄν τι μὴ γέλοιον ᾖ
(Menander, Γνῶμαι μονόστιχοι 108)
Barry Hofstetter

Re: μὴ…πειρασμόν and Οὐκ ἐκπειράσεις Mt.6:13 & Lk.4:12

Post by Barry Hofstetter »

Well, a quick look at BDAG seems to imdicate both subjective and objective uses of the word, so, no.

πειρασμός, οῦ, ὁ (πειράζω; in extra-Biblical usage only Diosc., Mat. Med. Praef. 5; Cyranides; Syntipas [s. 2b].—LXX; TestJos 2:7).
① an attempt to learn the nature or character of someth., test, trial (Sir 6:7; 27:5, 7) πρὸς πειρασμόν to test you 1 Pt 4:12. διὰπειρασμόν τινα because you are being tried in some way Hm 9:7. Perh. Js 1:2 and 1 Pt 1:6 belong here (cp. Pind., O. 4, 22 διά πειρά τοι βροτῶν ἔλεγχο=trial is the test of mortals; sim. N. 3, 70f). Here also belongs the testing (s. πειράζω 2c) of God by humans (cp. Dt 6:16; 9:22) Hb 3:8 where vs. 9 shows that it is God who is being tested, and not the Israelites (Ps 94:8f).
② an attempt to make one do someth. wrong, temptation, enticement to sin.
ⓐ act. tempting συντελέσας πάντα πειρασμὸν ὁ διάβολος when the devil had exhausted every way of tempting Lk 4:13.
ⓑ pass. being tempted Js 1:12. Temptation, fr. without or fr. within, that can be an occasion of sin to a person (Sir 33:1; 44:20; 1 Macc 2:52; Orig., C. Cels. 8, 56, 9) μὴ εἰσενέγκῃς ἡμᾶς εἰς πειρασμόν Mt 6:13; Lk 11:4 (s. bibliog. in The Lord’s Prayer and Other Prayer Texts fr. the Gr-Roman Era, ed. JCharlesworth ’94, 186–201); D 8:2; cp. Pol 7:2.—KKnoke, Der ursprüngl. Sinn der sechsten Bitte: NKZ 18, 1907, 200–220; AHarnack, Zur sechsten Bitte des Vaterunsers: SBBerlAk 1907, 942–47; AKleber, CBQ 3, ’41, 317–20; GVerity, ET 58, ’46/47, 221f; FGrant, Introd. to NT Thought, ’50, 208.—μέγα ἐπίκειται π. a great temptation is before me AcPl Ha 8, 22=Ox 1602, 31 as corrected HTR 31 ’38, 58 n. 2, ln. 10=BMM recto 28.—(εἰς)έρχεσθαι εἰς πειρασμόν (Did., Gen. 225, 8) Mt 26:41; Mk 14:38 (Unknown Sayings, tr. Fuller ’57, p. 59 n. 1 and s. the agraphon fr. Tertullian, pp. 57–59); Lk 22:40 (HBate, JTS 36, ’35, 76f), 46. ἐμπίπτειν εἰς πειρασμόν 1 Ti 6:9. ἐν καιρῷ πειρασμοῦ in a time of temptation Lk 8:13. ἡ ὥρα τοῦ π. Rv 3:10. ἐκ πειρασμοῦ ῥύεσθαι 2 Pt 2:9. Cp. also Ac 15:26 v.l.; 1 Cor 10:13ab; 2 Cl 18:2.—Also in the pl. temptations (Cyranides p. 40, 24 πειρασμοὶ ἐν γῇ κ. θαλάσσῃ; Syntipas p. 124, 18; TestJos 2:7) Lk 22:28. μετὰ ταπεινοφροσύνης καὶ δακρύων καὶ
Stephen Hughes
Posts: 3323
Joined: February 26th, 2013, 7:12 am

Re: μὴ…πειρασμόν and Οὐκ ἐκπειράσεις Mt.6:13 & Lk.4:12

Post by Stephen Hughes »

I can't find much difference between ἐκπειράζειν and πειράζειν.
Exodus 17:2 wrote:καὶ εἶπεν αὐτοῖς Μωυσῆς τί λοιδορεῖσθέ ("revile", "speak ill of") μοι καὶ τί πειράζετε κύριον;
, because it goes on to say that they questioned God's purposes
ἐδίψησεν δὲ ἐκεῖ ὁ λαὸς ὕδατι καὶ ἐγόγγυζεν ἐκεῖ ὁ λαὸς πρὸς Μωυσῆν λέγοντες ἵνα τί τοῦτο ἀνεβίβασας ἡμᾶς ἐξ Αἰγύπτου ἀποκτεῖναι ἡμᾶς καὶ τὰ τέκνα ἡμῶν καὶ τὰ κτήνη τῷ δίψει
Γελᾷ δ' ὁ μωρός, κἄν τι μὴ γέλοιον ᾖ
(Menander, Γνῶμαι μονόστιχοι 108)
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