[B-Greek] Luke 3:9 hHDH ** DE KAI ** hH AXINH PROS THN hRIZAN TWN DENDRWN KEITAI

William Warren wfwarren at aol.com
Fri Jun 8 10:31:44 EDT 2007


Jonathan, while perhaps typical of Luke, I would say that it is  
simply typical period.  Here is a readout on just the NT and AF from  
Accordance:

                 Total   Hits per
                  Hits  1000 words

         Matthew    6       0.25

            Mark    2       0.13

            Luke   28       1.08

            John    9       0.43

            Acts   19       0.81

          Romans    2       0.22

    1Corinthians   10       1.13

    2Corinthians    6       1.07

       Galatians    0       0.00

       Ephesians    2       0.66

     Philippians    3       1.44

      Colossians-
  2Thessalonians    0       0.00

        1Timothy    4       1.95

        2Timothy    1       0.63

           Titus    1       1.14

        Philemon    3       6.94

         Hebrews    2       0.32

           James    2       0.83

          1Peter    0       0.00

          2Peter    2       1.37

           1John-
           3John    0       0.00

            Jude    1       1.51

      Revelation    0       0.00

                 Total   Hits per
                  Hits  1000 words

          1Clem.    4       0.33

          2Clem.    4       1.10

            Eph.    1       0.45

            Mag.    0       0.00

           Tral.    2       1.64

            Rom.    1       0.74

          Phila.    0       0.00

           Smyr.    1       0.68

           Poly.-
          Phili.    0       0.00

          MPoly.    4       1.19

            Did.    1       0.36

           Barn.    5       0.60

           Shep.   21       0.63

           Diog.    1       0.30

            Pap.    8       2.70

If the context of these places is considered, the tendency seems to  
be to place the DE KAI at the front of the clause, to be wanting to  
show continuity with the larger context, and yet also to show a  
slight shift to a new thought (not always a clear shift, so be  
careful not to push this too far).  Perhaps this is the emphasis that  
Grosvenor mentions.  As for the matter of how to treat the phrase,  
the DE KAI go together as a unit, and since hHDH DE KAI is only found  
as a unit here in the NT and AF and only a couple of times in the LXX  
(3 Mac 3:10 and 4 Mac 3:19), I would tend to tag it on as part of the  
same unit, but others may have a better insight into the three words  
together.  Obviously it is not a common unit, but ETI DE KAI is a  
more common unit and is normally seen as a single unit, thus my view  
that here in Lk 3:9 hHDH DE KAI is likely a unit and somewhat similar  
to ETI DE KAI in the sense of a unit.

paz,

Bill Warren
Director of the Center for New Testament Textual Studies
Landrum P. Leavell, II, Professor of New Testament and Greek
New Orleans Baptist Theological Seminary


On Jun 8, 2007, at 7:19 AM, Jonathan Robie wrote:


> Luke 3:9 hHDE **DE KAI**
> hH AXINH PROS THN hRIZAN TWN DENDRWN KEITAI
>
> Luke 3:9 ἤδη **δὲ καὶ**
> ἡ ἀξίνη πρὸς τὴν ῥίζαν τῶν  
> δένδρων κεῖται
>
> Grosvenor tells me that DE KAI lends emphasis, and that this is  
> typical
> of Luke. Should I treat hHDE DE KAI as a unit, as shown in my  
> indenting
> above? In other words, does DE KAI simply lend emphasis, in an
> untranslatable way, to "already", or what kind of emphasis does it  
> give?
>
> Jonathan
>
>
>
> ---
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